Journal articles on the topic 'Two state fit'
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REEVES, GILLIAN K. "Goodness-of-fit tests in two-state processes." Biometrika 80, no. 2 (1993): 431–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biomet/80.2.431.
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Sun, Jiu-Xun, Qiang Wu, Yang Guo, and Ling-Cang Cai. "Two Universal Equations of State for Solids." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 65, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2010): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2010-1-202.
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AbstractIn this paper, two equations of state (EOSs) (Sun Jiu-Xun-Morse with parameters n = 3 and 4, designated by SMS3 and SMS4) with two parameters are proposed to satisfy four merits proposed previously and give improved results for the cohesive energy. By applying ten typical EOSs to fit experimental compression data of 50 materials, it is shown that the SMS4 EOS gives the best results; the Baonza and Morse EOSs give the second best results; the SMS3 and modified generalized Lennard-Jones (mGLJ) EOSs give the third best results. However, the Baonza and mGLJ EOSs cannot give physically reasonable values of cohesive energy and P-V curves in the expansion region; the SMS3 and SMS4 EOS give fairly good results, and have some advantages over the Baonza and mGLJ EOSs in practical applications.
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Reddy, M. Rami, and Seamus F. O'Shea. "The equation of state of the two-dimensional Lennard–Jones fluid." Canadian Journal of Physics 64, no. 6 (June 1, 1986): 677–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p86-125.
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By combining pressure and energy data from the virial equation of state, through fifth virial coefficients, with the second and third virial coefficients themselves and the results of computer-simulation calculations, we have constructed an equation of state for the two-dimensional Lennard–Jones fluid for 0.45 ≤ T* ≤ 5 and 0.01 ≤ ρ* ≤ 0.8. The fitted data include some in the metastable region, and, therefore, the equation of state also describes "van der Waals loops" including unstable regions. The form used is a modified Benedict–Webb–Rubin equation having 33 parameters including one nonlinear one. The fitting was done using a nonlinear least squares algorithm based on a Levenberg–Marquardt method. A total of 211 simulation points, 97 reported here for the first time, were used in the fitting, and the overall standard deviation is less than 2% for both energy and pressure. Second and third virial coefficients derived from the fit in the supercritical region are in excellent agreement with exact values. The critical constants derived from the fit are in reasonable agreement with published estimates.
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van Oers, Pieter, and Sera Markoff. "GRS1915+105: a comparison of the plateau state to the canonical hard state." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 6, S275 (September 2010): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921310016194.
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AbstractGRS 1915+105 is a very peculiar black hole binary that exhibits accretion-related states that are not observed in any other stellar-mass black hole system. One of these states, however – referred to as the plateau state – may be related to the canonical hard state of black hole X-ray binaries. Both the plateau and hard state are associated with steady, relatively lower X-ray emission and flat/inverted radio emission, that is sometimes resolved into compact, self-absorbed jets. To investigate the relationship between the plateau and the hard state, we fit two multi-wavelength observations using a steady-state outflow-dominated model, developed for hard state black hole binaries. The data sets consist of quasi-simultaneous observations in radio, near-infrared and X-ray bands. Interestingly, we find both significant differences between the two plateau states, as well as between the best-fit model parameters and those representative of the hard state. We discuss our interpretation of these results, and the possible implications for GRS 1915+105's relationship to canonical black hole candidates.
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Aguado, Alfredo, Cristina Suárez, and Miguel Paniagua. "Accurate fit of the two lowest excited‐state potential‐energy surfaces for doublet HeH2+." Journal of Chemical Physics 98, no. 1 (January 1993): 308–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.464676.
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Mueller, David G., Qiang Fu, Ronald Frandsen, Jennifer Karberg, and Evan Anderson. "State-Level Firearm Transfer Policy." Justice Research and Policy 18, no. 2 (December 2017): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1525107118801301.
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The aim of the present study was to determine whether latent class analysis (LCA) could obtain a measure of the aggregate firearm transfer law environment. LCA, analysis of variance, and multinomial logistic regression were used to analyze state-level firearm transfer laws. Results indicated that a three-class solution fit the data better than a two- or four-class solution. These classes were associated with the two covariates in patterns consistent with hypotheses. Results suggest that LCA is a useful technique for classifying states based on the restrictiveness of firearm transfer laws. This classification may be useful in intervention and prevention planning.
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Gregory, Gavin G., and Rafael Cabeza. "A Two-State Stochastic Model of REM Sleep Architecture in the Rat." Journal of Neurophysiology 88, no. 5 (November 1, 2002): 2589–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00861.2001.
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Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a recurring state throughout the sleeping period. Based on the examination of 45 sleep records of 3-mo-old male rats during the middle of the light phase, a stochastic model is proposed for the sequence X 1, Y 2, X 2, Y 2, . . . of REM sleep durations X and inter-REM sleep waiting times Y experienced by a rat during a sleeping period. In our model the probability distribution of any variable in the sequence, given the past, is allowed to depend on only the immediately previous variable. The conditional distributions f( yi ‖ xi ) and g( x i+1 ‖ yi ) do not depend on the index i. It is shown that the marginal distributions tend to stationarity. Aggregations of the data on a discrete time scale suggest that the conditional distributions be formulated as two-component mixtures. These component distributions are modeled as Poisson and their means are called the means of short and long waiting time and the means of short and long REM sleep duration. Associated with each mean is a probability weight. Parametric forms are given to the means and probability weights. The model estimated by maximum likelihood shows a good fit to data of the 3-mo-old rats. The model fit to a smaller data set obtained from rats aged 15–22 mo shows a significant shortening of the means for both short and long REM sleep bout durations compared with the means of the 3-mo-old rats. Neuronal correlates for the behavior of the model are discussed in the context of the reciprocal interaction model of REM sleep regulation.
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Haddock, Cynthia Carter, and James W. Begun. "The Diffusion of Two Diagnostic Technologies among Hospitals in New York State." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 4, no. 4 (October 1988): 593–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300007649.
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Using combined data from an independent survey by the American Hospital Association and the State of New York, the diffusion of two diagnostic technologies–the automated chemistry analyzer and the computed tomography (CT) scanner–among hospitals in New York State was analyzed. A linearized form of the logistic function was estimated using cumulative diffusion data for each. Diffusion patterns of both technologies fit the logistic curve well, with the coefficient of diffusion for the CT scanner being greater than that for the automated analyzer. Further analysis examined characteristics of early adopters of each technology. Similar hospital characteristics (e.g., high volume of admissions and medical school affiliation) were important in explaining early adoption of both technologies.
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Czerwiński, Robert, and Dariusz Kania. "Synthesis of finite state machines for CPLDs." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 647–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10006-009-0052-0.
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Synthesis of finite state machines for CPLDsThe paper presents a new two-step approach to FSM synthesis for PAL-based CPLDs that strives to find an optimum fit of an FSM to the structure of the CPLD. The first step, the original state assignment method, includes techniques of two-level minimization and aims at area minimization. The second step, PAL-oriented multi-level optimization, is a search for implicants that can be shared by several functions. It is based on the graph of outputs. Results of experiments prove that the presented approach is especially effective for PAL-based CPLD structures containing a low number of product terms.
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Winward, John. "The state of the article." Linguistic Variation 14, no. 1 (November 25, 2014): 46–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lv.14.1.03win.
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English articles represent one of the most challenging areas of second language acquisition for learners whose L1 lacks articles. The two studies presented here examine the developmental sequence of acquisition, the first through a cross-sectional analysis of Thai learners at different levels of overall English proficiency, the second through a longitudinal experiment in which learners were exposed to semantically-tailored tokens of article use, but without any explicit or meta-linguistic instruction. It is argued that the data do not show evidence of abrupt parameter resetting. Instead, the developmental patterns fit well with Yang’s variational model of acquisition. Keywords: L2 acquisition; article systems; determiners; definiteness; specificity
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Ahmed, Ishtiak, Billy M. Williams, and M. Shoaib Samandar. "Application of a Discontinuous Form of Macroscopic Gazis–Herman–Rothery Model to Steady-State Freeway Traffic Stream Observations." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 20 (October 9, 2018): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118799166.
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In this study, a two-regime, steady-state, traffic stream model is developed by applying the macroscopic Gazis–Herman–Rothery model to fixed sensor data on freeways. The uncongested and congested regimes are modeled discontinuously with an overlap range defined in terms of density. The overlap is important as various phenomena related to the change in traffic state can be modeled by introducing this overlap. Two empirical tools for removing non-stationary, mixed-state, and erroneous observations are applied at different stages of the model development process. Three constraints justified by the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) were applied to fit the model so that the fitted parameters have reasonable and physically interpretable values. The proposed model is applied to one year of data (2013) obtained from fixed sensors located at five freeway basic segments near Raleigh, North Carolina. The resulting fundamental diagrams show that the fitted models reasonably represent the steady-state observations. Two forms of the freeway flow model described in the HCM were applied to the same observations to provide a continuous model comparison. Two statistical performance measures, mean squared error of flow rate and Bayesian Information Criterion, verify that the proposed model is preferable to the HCM models both in terms of fit alone and when considering the tradeoff between fit and model complexity. It is expected that the proposed discontinuous steady-state model will be useful to researchers and practitioners to study various site-specific freeway traffic stream characteristics.
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Fawn, Rick. "Visegrad: Fit for purpose?" Communist and Post-Communist Studies 46, no. 3 (July 12, 2013): 339–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2013.06.004.
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Visegrad inter-state cooperation among the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia has faced numerous near-death experiences since its official birth in 1991. Furthermore, it has faced two challenges since the four member-countries’ accession to the EU in 2004. Then Visegrad was eulogized, considered deceased by many precisely for having achieved the apparently ultimate aim of EU membership. Second, having purposefully stated rumours of its death, Visegrad has since 2008 been confronted by issues from outside and ones well beyond its size – the Obama presidency and its apparent abandonment of Central and Eastern Europe in its “reset” strategy towards Moscow; a post-Lisbon EU agenda; strategic reorientations in NATO; and both the general, that is, global, financial crisis and particularly within the EU and regarding the Euro. This article, by contrast, contends that the fundamental changes and challenges that Visegrad has faced enhanced the Group’s clear and successful strategy. It identifies and elaborates that strategy, drawing also selectively and thematically on the Group’s historical experience since 1991. These strategies include targeted rather than broad selection of aims; retaining an exclusivemembership while also inventing variable and flexible mechanisms for adding non-member countries to help them pursue specific initiatives. Through a study of annual Group Presidency agendas and reports, high-level and ministerial meeting declarations and media and secondary source analysis and interviews with National Coordinators, the article contends that the Group continues to promote realistic aims, and provides a unique platform for exercising them. This study concludes that Visegrad, despite the outside challenges remains effective in raising awareness, advancing smaller-scale policies and influencing EU policy towards theWestern Balkans and European Partnership (EaP) countries, as well as achieving specific Visegrad initiatives with those states.
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Andrade, Elena, Constantino Arce, Julio Torrado, Javier Garrido, Cristina De Francisco, and Iria Arce. "Factor Structure and Invariance of the POMS Mood State Questionnaire in Spanish." Spanish journal of psychology 13, no. 1 (May 2010): 444–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600003991.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which the Spanish POMS assesses the same factors as the original form of the questionnaire. We started from a version with 63 items, representing seven conceptual dimensions. This version was administered to a sample of 364 adult athletes. In the whole sample, exploratory factor analytic findings suggested a more parsimonious measurement model, with 44 items and 6 first-order factors. Then the data from said sample were randomly divided into two sets, each containing about 50% of the subjects. The fit of the first sample set (n = 166) to the proposed model was adequate. Four of the main goodness-of-fit indices exhibited the following values: CFI = .95, NNFI = .95, SRMR = .083, and RMSEA = .064. We tested the same model in the second data set (n = 198), in which the fit was also acceptable, with values of .95, .94, .088, and .066 for CFI, NNFI, SRMR, and RMSEA, respectively. In addition, we used multi-group confirmatory factor analysis to provide evidence on the invariance of the model.
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Krofchick, Daniel, Steven A. Huntley, and Mel Silverman. "Transition states of the high-affinity rabbit Na+/glucose cotransporter SGLT1 as determined from measurement and analysis of voltage-dependent charge movements." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 287, no. 1 (July 2004): C46—C54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00008.2004.
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The charge-membrane voltage ( Q-V) distribution of wild-type rabbit Na+/glucose transporter (rSGLT1) expressed in Xenopus oocytes was investigated in the absence of glucose, using the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique. Although this distribution is generally believed to be well represented by a two-state Boltzmann equation, we recently provided evidence for the existence of at least four states (Krofchick D and Silverman M. Biophys J 84: 3690–3702, 2003), confirming an earlier finding for human SGLT1 (Chen XZ, Coady MJ, and Lapointe JY. Biophys J 71: 2544–2552, 1996). We now extend our study of rSGLT1 pre-steady-state currents, employing high-resolution measurement and analysis of the Q-V distribution. A ramp, instead of a step, voltage change was used to prevent saturation of the apparatus in the first ∼1 ms. Transient currents were integrated out to 150 ms, instead of the standard 50–100 ms. Measurements were taken every 10 mV instead of the standard 20 mV. The Q-V distribution was fit with a two-, three-, and four-state Boltzmann equation and was described best by the three-state equation. The three-state fit produced two valences of 0.45 and 1.1 at two V0.5 values of −48 and −7.7, respectively. Our findings are critically compared with other published studies and the differences are discussed. An implication of the three-state fit is that the turnover rate of rSGLT1 is 34 s−1, i.e., 54% greater than previously reported (22 s−1). Our new findings support the concept that the sugar-free model of SGLT1 is more complex than generally accepted, most likely involving a minimum of four transition states.
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Brewster, Michele M. "A Californiana in Two Worlds." Southern California Quarterly 102, no. 2 (2020): 101–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/scq.2020.102.2.101.
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Anita de la Guerra of Santa Barbara married Boston merchant Alfred Robinson in 1836. Taken to the East Coast the following year, she diligently pursued her education and she acculturated while retaining her own priorities, including a patriotic position on Mexican California opposed to her husband’s espousal of “American colonization.” She also facilitated East Coast educations for her children and several nephews that would enhance their opportunities in the new U.S. state of California. In 1852 she was finally able to reunite with her family and fit back into Californio society. The author bases this Californiana’s character and cultural agility on a cache of letters written by Anita de la Guerra, complemented by those written by Robinson and the de la Guerra family.
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Coury, Jennifer K., Jennifer L. Schneider, Beverly B. Green, Laura-Mae Baldwin, Amanda F. Petrik, Jennifer S. Rivelli, Malaika R. Schwartz, and Gloria D. Coronado. "Two Medicaid health plans’ models and motivations for improving colorectal cancer screening rates." Translational Behavioral Medicine 10, no. 1 (November 16, 2018): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tbm/iby094.
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Abstract Screening rates for colorectal cancer (CRC) remain low, especially among certain populations. Mailed fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) outreach initiated by U.S. health plans could reach underserved individuals, while solving CRC screening data and implementation challenges faced by health clinics. We report the models and motivations of two health insurance plans implementing a mailed FIT program for age-eligible U.S. Medicaid and Medicare populations. One health plan operates in a single state with ~220,000 enrollees; the other operates in multiple states with ~2 million enrollees. We conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with key stakeholders and observed leadership and clinic staff planning during program development and implementation. Interviews were transcribed and coded using a content analysis approach; coded interview reports and meeting minutes were iteratively reviewed and summarized for themes. Between June and September 2016, nine participants were identified, and all agreed to the interview. Interviews revealed that organizational context was important to both organizations and helped shape program design. Both organizations were hoping this program would address barriers to their prior CRC screening improvement efforts and saw CRC screening as a priority. Despite similar motivations to participate in a mailed FIT intervention, contextual features of the health plans led them to develop distinct implementation models: a collaborative model using some health clinic staffing versus a centralized model operationalizing outreach primarily at the health plan. Data are not yet available on the models’ effectiveness. Our findings might help inform the design of programs to deliver mailed FIT outreach.
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LIU, FU-HU. "UNIFIED DESCRIPTION OF (PSEUDO)RAPIDITY DISTRIBUTIONS OF FINAL-STATE PARTICLES PRODUCED IN COLLISIONS AT RELATIVISTIC ENERGIES." Modern Physics Letters A 23, no. 05 (February 20, 2008): 337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773230802389x.
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The paper presents a fit to rapidity distributions of various hadrons measured in heavy-ion experiments at different beam energies. As examples distributions of various identified hadron species measured at GSI SIS and at BNL RHIC are presented and very good agreement between the fit and the data is found. The basis of the fits is a simple Feynman gas model, namely the two-cylinder gas model, for secondary particle production. The model assumption is that there are projectile and target cylinders that are the sources of emitted particles. The conjecture is that at low and intermediate energies the cylinders overlap totally, at high energy the cylinders overlap partly, while at very high energy a gap appears between the two cylinders.
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Pajkossy, Péter, Péter Simor, István Szendi, and Mihály Racsmány. "Hungarian Validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ)." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 31, no. 3 (July 2015): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000221.
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Abstract. The Hungarian version of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) was validated in two studies, using five different samples. Study 1 tested the factor structure and internal consistency of the PSWQ in two undergraduate student samples, comparing the psychometric properties of the paper-pencil and the online versions of the scale. Study 2 assessed construct validity in two undergraduate student samples and in a sample of patients diagnosed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and matched control participants. Our results suggest that the Hungarian PSWQ demonstrates good psychometric properties. We found no difference between the online and the paper-pencil versions of the scale. A factor structure with one general worry factor and two method factors representing wording effects showed the best fit to the data.
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ZHANG, CHENGWU, LIXIN XU, YONGLI PING, and HONGYA LIU. "RECONSTRUCTION OF 5D COSMOLOGICAL MODELS FROM RECENT OBSERVATIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics D 16, no. 10 (October 2007): 1573–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021827180701095x.
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We use a parameterized equation of state (EOS) of dark energy to a 5D Ricci-flat cosmological solution and suppose the universe contains two major components: dark matter and dark energy. Using the recent observational datasets: the latest 182 type Ia Supernovae Gold data, the three-year WMAP CMB shift parameter and the SDSS baryon acoustic peak, we obtain the best fit values of the EOS and two major components' evolution. We find that the best fit EOS crosses -1 in the near past where z ≃ 0.07, the present best fit value of wx(0) < -1 and for this model, the universe experiences the acceleration at about z ≃ 0.5.
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Jin, Seung-A. Annie. "“It Feels Right. Therefore, I Feel Present and Enjoy”: The Effects of Regulatory Fit and the Mediating Roles of Social Presence and Self-Presence in Avatar-Based 3D Virtual Environments." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 20, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00038.
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This research examined the effects of regulatory fit on media users' enjoyment of interactions with a virtual interlocutor and feelings of social presence and self-presence in the 3D virtual environments (VEs) of Second Life. Results from a two (regulatory focus state: promotion vs. prevention) × two (regulatory strategy: eagerness means vs. vigilance means) between-subjects full-factorial experiment demonstrated that the regulatory fit between regulatory focus state and means for goal pursuit in computer-mediated communication (CMC) within 3D VEs increases users' enjoyment, feelings of presence, and postexperimental healthy eating intentions. A path analysis further revealed the mediating roles of social presence and self-presence. Theoretical and methodological contributions as well as practical implications are discussed.
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CHENG, XIYUE, and YI KONG. "COMPARISON OF EQUATION OF STATE AND THE FOUR-PARAMETER Li EQUATION OF STATE IN ALLOY." Modern Physics Letters B 25, no. 18 (July 20, 2011): 1557–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984911026425.
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Eleven types of the equation of state (EOS) are compared and classified into two groups, linear EOS and exponential EOS. The qualities of these two EOS groups are then verified with the data of 50 alloys. Through the comparison, it is found that the exponential Li equation gives a more reliable result when the fitting energy versus volume points are scattered in a wide scale or have a large number of data to fit. However, when the fitting data concentrate is in a small area near the equilibrium point, the linear four-parameter Birch–Murnaghan EOS has a better fitting result. Moreover, it is found that the Li equation has the best performance among these exponential EOSs with the smallest fitting errors. Additionally, there is a correlation found to be (PC/B0)/[(VC/V0)/V0] ≈ 0.3087 between ultimate strength PC and critical volume VC for the stable phases among the studied alloys.
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Vauquelin, Georges, Isabelle Van Liefde, and David C. Swinney. "On the different experimental manifestations of two-state ‘induced-fit’ binding of drugs to their cellular targets." British Journal of Pharmacology 173, no. 8 (March 15, 2016): 1268–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.13445.
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Kim, May, Galen T. Trail, Jon Lim, and Yu Kyoum Kim. "The Role of Psychological Contract in Intention to Continue Volunteering." Journal of Sport Management 23, no. 5 (September 2009): 549–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.23.5.549.
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Retaining volunteers is a critical issue for sport organizations utilizing volunteer labor. Based on the theory of planned behavior, the theory of work adjustment, psychological contract theory, two frameworks (person-environment fit and empowerment), and previous empirical results, we proposed and tested three models to explain intention to continue volunteering with 224 volunteers from the Special Olympics State Summer Games. We accepted a model in which Empowerment fully mediated the relationship between Person-Environment Fit and Intention to Continue Volunteering. We also found that Psychological Contract Fulfillment moderated the relationship between Fit and Empowerment.
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BRITTON, Hubert G. "Isomerization of the free enzyme versus induced fit: effects of steps involving induced fit that bypass enzyme isomerization on flux ratios and countertransport." Biochemical Journal 321, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3210187.
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In a single-substrate–single-product enzyme reaction, ‘countertransport’, which indicates that the ratio of the forward to the reverse fluxes is less than that expected from the Independence Relationship, is regarded as strong evidence for the free enzyme existing in two states, one of which combines with the substrate and the other with the product, with a slow isomerization between the two conditions. To account for positive and negative co-operativity, found with some enzymes, additional induced-fit reactions bypassing at least part of the isomerization have been proposed. The effects of such additional steps have been examined, using two models: in one, (a), the enzyme passes through an intermediate state during its isomerization, and both substrate and product may react with this state to give rise to the binary complexes; in the other, (b), the substrate may react with the enzyme as soon as the product is released and similarly with the reverse reaction, the isomerization thereby being bypassed completely. In the presence of such additional steps, the following can be concluded. (i) The data should be analysed in terms of the flux ratios, rather than observation of the amount of countertransport. (ii) The additional bypassing steps markedly change the pattern of dependence of the flux ratio on substrate and product concentrations. At high substrate and product concentrations, the ratio remains very dependent on how far the reaction is from equilibrium, and the kinetics are asymmetric. (iii) The mechanism causing the flux ratio to be less than that given by the Independence Relationship differs from that previously described, in that, at least in part, it arises from a 1:1 exchange between substrate and product. (iv) Despite this novel mechanism, there must be two states of the enzyme, combining respectively with substrate and product, and these must not be in rapid exchange. Thus countertransport remains very strong evidence for the existence of two such states. It is no longer a requirement that the enzyme states should be linked by an isomerization step. (v) Under no conditions can the flux ratio exceed that given by the Independence Relationship. (vi) Under unusual conditions the isomerization of the enzyme in model (b) may be undetectable by steady-state kinetics. (vii) Measurements of the coefficients in the flux ratio equations enable limits to be set to certain ratios of the rate constants. In addition to these conclusions, methods are described for (viii) analysing flux ratio data for the presence of induced fit steps and (ix) determining flux ratios from induced transport curves. The derivation of steady state–velocity equations show that: (x) both models may give rise to positive and negative ‘co-operativity’ and sigmoid substrate–velocity curves, but that, under conditions giving rise to sigmoid curves, the deviation of the flux ratio from that required by the Independence Relationship may be difficult to demonstrate because of the asymmetry of the system. Under all conditions the fluxes at equilibrium should obey hyperbolic kinetics.
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Krishna, Anand, Sophia Ried, and Marie Meixner. "State-trait interactions in regulatory focus determine impulse buying behavior." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 2, 2021): e0253634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253634.
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Little research has focused on motivational state-trait interactions to explain impulse buying. Although the trait chronic regulatory focus has been linked to impulse buying, no evidence yet exists for an effect of situational regulatory focus and no research has examined whether the fit of chronic and situational regulatory focus can influence impulse buying with actual consumptive consequences rather than purchase intentions. Two laboratory experiments (total N = 250) manipulated situational regulatory focus before providing opportunities for impulse buying. In addition, cognitive constraint was manipulated as a potential boundary condition for regulatory focus effects. Situational promotion focus increased impulse buying relative to situational prevention focus in participants with strong chronic promotion, consistent with regulatory fit theory and independently of cognitive constraint. Surprisingly, situational promotion focus also increased impulse buying in participants with strong chronic prevention, but only under low cognitive constraint. These results may be explained by diverging mediating cognitive processes for promotion vs. prevention focus’ effect on impulse buying. Future research must focus more on combining relevant states and traits in predicting consumer behavior. Marketing implications are discussed.
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GUHATHAKURTA, P., P. A. MENON, S. K. DIKSHIT, and S. T. SABLE. "Extreme rainfall analysis of Andhra Pradesh using a probability distribution model : A regional estimate." MAUSAM 56, no. 4 (January 20, 2022): 785–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v56i4.1032.
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The study is an attempt to analyze the extreme rainfall events of Andhra Pradesh, a coastal state of Peninsular India, where both monsoon and post-monsoon seasons contribute significant rain. A network of 155 stations having data of seventy years or more during the period 1901-2000 has been used for the study. These stations are well distributed over the state. One-day, two-day and three-day extreme annual rainfall series are made and the isohyetal analysis demarcates three heavy rainfall receiving zones. Probability distribution functions have been fitted for the regional estimates of climate changes in extreme rainfall series of each station. Both the extreme value distribution viz., Gumbel and log normal distribution fit well with latter one giving slightly better fit over the former. Goodness of fit of the distribution is tested with Kolmogorov - Smirnov Statistic.
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Duncan-Reid, Jackson, and Jason S. McCarley. "Strategy Use in Automation-Aided Decision Making." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 65, no. 1 (September 2021): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181321651259.
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When human operators make signal detection judgments with assistance from an automated decision aid, they perform better than they could unaided but fail to reach optimal sensitivity. We investigated the decision strategies that produce this suboptimal performance. Participants ( N = 130) performed a two-response classification task that required them to mentally estimate the mean of a set of randomly sampled values each trial. The task was performed with and without assistance from a 93% reliable decision aid. Psychometric functions were fit to the classification data, and data were fit with two cognitive models of automation use. The first model assumed that participants made automation-aided judgments using a contingent criterion strategy, adjusting their response cutoff for yes vs. no responses following a cue from the aid. The second strategy, a discrete state model, assumed that participants made aided judgments by simply deferring to the aid on some proportion of trials. A measure of model fit favored the discrete-state process model, with parameter estimates indicating large individual differences in deferral rate between participants (range = 2% and 95%).
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Agbo, Aaron Adibe. "The validation of the International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule – Short Form in Nigeria." South African Journal of Psychology 46, no. 4 (August 2, 2016): 477–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0081246316630081.
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The present study examined the competing factor structures, validity, and reliability of the state and trait versions of the International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule – Short Form and the effect of the number of response categories on the scale qualities among Nigerians. Undergraduates (N-1510) completed a trait version of the scale with 5-point and 7-point response formats and a state version with a 7-point response format. Confirmatory factor analysis was employed alongside other techniques to gauge the psychometric properties of the scale. The obtained factor structures for the trait and state versions were in line with the theoretical assumptions of the scale and previous findings. A correlated two-factor model provided the best fit for the trait version, while an orthogonal two-factor model provided the best fit for the state version. The scale performed well with the 7-point response format, but it performed poorly with the 5-point response format, suggesting that the behaviour of the scale depends on the number of response categories. The findings, limitations of the study, and suggestions for further studies are discussed.
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Ferreira, Abílio G. T., Douglas S. Henrique, Ricardo A. M. Vieira, Emilyn M. Maeda, and Altair A. Valotto. "Fitting mathematical models to lactation curves from holstein cows in the southwestern region of the state of Parana, Brazil." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 87, no. 1 (March 2015): 503–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201520130514.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate four mathematical models with regards to their fit to lactation curves of Holstein cows from herds raised in the southwestern region of the state of Parana, Brazil. Initially, 42,281 milk production records from 2005 to 2011 were obtained from "Associação Paranaense de Criadores de Bovinos da Raça Holandesa (APCBRH)". Data lacking dates of drying and total milk production at 305 days of lactation were excluded, resulting in a remaining 15,142 records corresponding to 2,441 Holstein cows. Data were sorted according to the parity order (ranging from one to six), and within each parity order the animals were divided into quartiles (Q25%, Q50%, Q75% and Q100%) corresponding to 305-day lactation yield. Within each parity order, for each quartile, four mathematical models were adjusted, two of which were predominantly empirical (Brody and Wood) whereas the other two presented more mechanistic characteristics (models Dijkstra and Pollott). The quality of fit was evaluated by the corrected Akaike information criterion. The Wood model showed the best fit in almost all evaluated situations and, therefore, may be considered as the most suitable model to describe, at least empirically, the lactation curves of Holstein cows raised in Southwestern Parana.
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FISHER, R. A., F. BOUQUET, N. E. PHILLIPS, D. G. HINKS, and J. D. JORGENSEN. "SPECIFIC HEAT OF Mg11B2 IN MAGNETIC FIELDS: TWO ENERGY GAPS IN THE SUPERCONDUCTING STATE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 16, no. 20n22 (August 30, 2002): 3180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979202013870.
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We present specific-heat measurements on Mg 11 B 2 in magnetic fields to 9 T. The anomaly at Tc is rapidly broadened and attenuated in fields, as expected for an anisotropic, randomly oriented superconductor. At low temperature there is a strongly field-dependent feature that shows the existence of a second energy gap. The Sommerfeld constant, γ, increases rapidly and non-linearly with magnetic field, which cannot be accounted for by anisotropy. It approaches γn = 2.6 mJ K -2 mol -1, the coefficient of the normal-state electron contribution, asymptotically for fields greater than 5 T. In zero magnetic field the data can be fitted with a phenomenological two-gap model, a generalization of a semi-empirical model for single-gap superconductors. Both of the gaps close at the same Tc; one is larger and one smaller than the BCS weak coupling limit, in the ratio ~ 4:1, and each accounts for ~ 50% of the normal-state electron density of states. The parameters characterizing the fit agree well with those from theory and are in approximate agreement with some spectroscopic measurements.
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Ma, Zhongxin, Heather R. Williamson, and Victor L. Davidson. "Roles of multiple-proton transfer pathways and proton-coupled electron transfer in the reactivity of the bis-FeIV state of MauG." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 35 (August 17, 2015): 10896–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1510986112.
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The high-valent state of the diheme enzyme MauG exhibits charge–resonance (CR) stabilization in which the major species is a bis-FeIV state with one heme present as FeIV=O and the other as FeIV with axial heme ligands provided by His and Tyr side chains. In the absence of its substrate, the high-valent state is relatively stable and returns to the diferric state over several minutes. It is shown that this process occurs in two phases. The first phase is redistribution of the resonance species that support the CR. The second phase is the loss of CR and reduction to the diferric state. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the rates of the two phases exhibited different temperature dependencies and activation energies of 8.9 and 19.6 kcal/mol. The two phases exhibited kinetic solvent isotope effects of 2.5 and 2.3. Proton inventory plots of each reaction phase exhibited extreme curvature that could not be fit to models for one- or multiple-proton transfers in the transition state. Each did fit well to a model for two alternative pathways for proton transfer, each involving multiple protons. In each case the experimentally determined fractionation factors were consistent with one of the pathways involving tunneling. The percent of the reaction that involved the tunneling pathway differed for the two reaction phases. Using the crystal structure of MauG it was possible to propose proton–transfer pathways consistent with the experimental data using water molecules and amino acid side chains in the distal pocket of the high-spin heme.
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Pradhan, Ekadashi, and Alex Brown. "A ground state potential energy surface for HONO based on a neural network with exponential fitting functions." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 33 (2017): 22272–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp04010e.
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Using CCSD(T)-F12/cc-pVTZ-F12 and CCSD(T)/CBS ab initio energies, two different six-dimensional ground state potential energy surfaces for HONO have been fit in sum-of-products form using neural network exponential fitting functions and tested by computing vibrational energies with MCTDH.
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Comito, Jacqueline, and Brandy Case Haub. "Cooperative Extension and Practicing Anthropology: A Natural Fit." Practicing Anthropology 41, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/0888-4552.41.2.47.
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Abstract The Cooperative Extension System's mission to “put scientific knowledge into practice” is a natural fit for practicing anthropologists. Two extension anthropologists present their work with the Iowa State University Extension and Outreach programs, Iowa Learning Farms and Water Rocks!, as a case study for how anthropological practice can be used to develop and implement successful extension programs. Added to the conversation is the element of advocacy in anthropological practice, with an examination of how using anthropological research and evaluation methods to understand targeted program audience perspectives better enables practitioners to advocate for environmental improvements and better meet the primary extension program objective of bringing practical, science-based solutions to real world problems.
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Lopatin, A. N., E. N. Makhina, and C. G. Nichols. "The mechanism of inward rectification of potassium channels: "long-pore plugging" by cytoplasmic polyamines." Journal of General Physiology 106, no. 5 (November 1, 1995): 923–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.106.5.923.
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The mechanism of inward rectification was examined in cell-attached and inside-out membrane patches from Xenopus oocytes expressing the cloned strong inward rectifier HRK1. Little or no outward current was measured in cell-attached patches. Inward currents reach their maximal value in two steps: an instantaneous phase followed by a time-dependent "activation" phase, requiring at least two exponentials to fit the time-dependent phase. After an activating pulse, the quasi-steady state current-voltage (I-V) relationship could be fit with a single Boltzmann equation (apparent gating charge, Z = 2.0 +/- 0.1, n = 3). Strong rectification and time-dependent activation were initially maintained after patch excision into high [K+] (K-INT) solution containing 1 mM EDTA, but disappeared gradually, until only a partial, slow inactivation of outward current remained. Biochemical characterization (Lopatin, A. N., E. N. Makhina, and C. G. Nichols, 1994. Nature. 372:366-396.) suggests that the active factors are naturally occurring polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine). Each polyamine causes reversible, steeply voltage-dependent rectification of HRK1 channels. Both the blocking affinity and the voltage sensitivity increased as the charge on the polyamine increased. The sum two Boltzmann functions is required to fit the spermine and spermidine steady state block. Putrescine unblock, like Mg2+ unblock, is almost instantaneous, whereas the spermine and spermidine unblocks are time dependent. Spermine and spermidine unblocks (current activation) can each be fit with single exponential functions. Time constants of unblock change e-fold every 15.0 +/- 0.7 mV (n = 3) and 33.3 +/- 6.4 mV (n = 5) for spermine and spermidine, respectively, matching the voltage sensitivity of the two time constants required to fit the activation phase in cell-attached patches. It is concluded that inward rectification in intact cells can be entirely accounted for by channel block. Putrescine and Mg2+ ions can account for instantaneous rectification; spermine and spermidine provide a slower rectification corresponding to so-called intrinsic gating of inward rectifier K channels. The structure of spermine and spermidine leads us to suggest a specific model in which the pore of the inward rectifier channel is plugged by polyamines that enter deeply into the pore and bind at sites within the membrane field. We propose a model that takes into account the linear structure of the natural polyamines and electrostatic repulsion between two molecules inside the pore. Experimentally observed instantaneous and steady state rectification of HRK1 channels as well as the time-dependent behavior of HRK1 currents are then well fit with the same set of parameters for all tested voltages and concentrations of spermine and spermidine.
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BRITTAIN, Thomas, Oliver M. HOFMANN, Nicholas J. WATMOUGH, Colin GREENWOOD, and Roy E. WEBER. "A two-state analysis of co-operative oxygen binding in the three human embryonic haemoglobins." Biochemical Journal 326, no. 2 (September 1, 1997): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3260299.
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The binding of oxygen to the three human embryonic haemoglobins, at pH 7.4, has been shown to occur as a co-operative process. Analysis of oxygen-binding curves obtained in the absence of organic phosphate allosteric effectors shows that the process can be described quite accurately by the two-state model of allosteric action. In the presence of organic phosphates, the binding affinity for oxygen to the T-state of the α2ϵ2 and ζ2ϵ2 haemoglobins is significantly lowered. The values of the best-fit two-state parameters determined for each of the embryonic haemoglobins together with the temperature-dependence of the overall equilibrium binding process are discussed in terms of oxygen transfer from the maternal blood supply. Fast-reaction studies have been used to determine the rate constants of the oxygen association and dissociation processes occurring in the R-state and the rate of the allosteric R > T conformational transition. Analysis of these data suggests a likely reason for the high affinity and low co-operativity of the embryonic proteins and identifies the origins of the inability of equilibrium measurements to identify chain non-equivalence in the R-state.
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Bezanilla, Francisco, and Carlos A. Villalba-Galea. "The gating charge should not be estimated by fitting a two-state model to a Q-V curve." Journal of General Physiology 142, no. 6 (November 11, 2013): 575–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201311056.
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The voltage dependence of charges in voltage-sensitive proteins, typically displayed as charge versus voltage (Q-V) curves, is often quantified by fitting it to a simple two-state Boltzmann function. This procedure overlooks the fact that the fitted parameters, including the total charge, may be incorrect if the charge is moving in multiple steps. We present here the derivation of a general formulation for Q-V curves from multistate sequential models, including the case of infinite number of states. We demonstrate that the commonly used method to estimate the charge per molecule using a simple Boltzmann fit is not only inadequate, but in most cases, it underestimates the moving charge times the fraction of the field.
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RC, Costa-Filho, Castro-Faria Neto HC, Azevedo MS, and Da-Cruz AM. "Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia: Where does The PF4 Fit?" Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology 7, no. 3 (July 4, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000233.
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Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a severe and usually fatal syndrome with an aggressive thrombotic process in unusual sites (notably, sinus veins of the brain and/or splanchnic veins) that accompanies profound thrombocytopenia. If not well managed, VITT may progress to a more severe systemic disease such as disseminated intravascular coagulation. VITT was associated with two adenoviral vector vaccines, mainly ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca) and Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen/ Johnson & Johnson) was first reported in late February 2021 and mid-April 2021, respectively. This thrombotic phenomenon closely resembled that of autoimmune heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Yet, in 2021, the MHRA (Medicines & Healthcare products Regulatory Agency) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) claim no association between thrombosis and vaccines. Not long after, three scientific societies from Norway, Germany, and the UK reported in the press and social media the detection of thrombocytopenia with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) and anti-platelet factor 4 (anti-PF4) antibodies in patients succeeding adenovirus-based vaccination. The immune response against PF4; (also known as CXCL4) in VITT is probably triggered by the proinflammatory milieu; compounds such as human cell-line proteins, non-assembled adenoviral proteins, and potentially EDTA (edetic acid) could be contributing to the prothrombotic state. This review will address functional aspects of PF4 in the thromboinflammatory phenomena, its role in the current anti-SARS-CoV-2 adenoviral-based vaccines, and evidence for its role in triggering VITT. Physicians as well as the public need to be aware of this new disease to quickly provide accurate diagnosis and timely treatment.
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Nurlina, Nurlina. "Studi Kelayakan Implementasi SAP dengan Metode Fit/Gap Analysis dan CBA." ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v4i2.2532.
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An application system is required by a company to meet the needs of enterprise business processes so as to provide information quickly and accurately. Therefore, it is necessary to study the feasibility status of plan of enterprise system implementation. SAP R/3 contains various modules which is deserved to be considered as a company's information system solution. Results of the feasibility study through the analysis of fit/ gap analysis state that the implementation of SAP R/3 sales module is feasible and able to meet all the needs of the system.Results of cost and benefit analysis state that the strategy implementation of SAP R/3 module is feasible. Based on the analysis and research using the two methods above, a decision can be taken whether the SAP R/3 is worth to be implemented or not.
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Brorson, James R., and Zachary B. Bulwa. "Two-State Kinetic Model of Rates of Stroke Recurrence in the POINT Study Population." Stroke 52, no. 4 (April 2021): 1446–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.120.031447.
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Background and Purpose: Following an acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, 2 rates of stroke recurrence are suggested by data from trials of acute secondary prevention treatments: a transient rapid rate followed by a persisting slower rate of stroke. Methods: A kinetic model was constructed based on underlying vulnerable and stabilized states of patients following acute ischemic events related by fixed transition rates. Its predictions were fitted by nonlinear regression to the observed timing of outcome events in patients in the POINT trial (Platelet-Oriented Inhibition in New TIA and Minor Ischemic Stroke). Results: The modeled survivor function produced a close fit to the observed data. The model's predicted kinetic rates suggest that, among subjects in the control group, the event rate was 100-fold higher in the vulnerable state than in the stabilized state. Active treatment halved this rapid rate and had little effect on event rates in the stabilized state. If at least one-tenth of the study population began in the vulnerable state, the rate of transition from the vulnerable to the stabilized state was still faster, with a half-life of only 1 to 2 days. Conclusions: Examination of kinetics of stroke occurrence, and of the rates associated with modeled state transitions, may provide insights into the underlying pathophysiological events that are targets for acute secondary prevention of stroke.
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Scott, Anna Mae, Mina Bakhit, Justin Clark, Melanie Vermeulen, Mark Jones, David Looke, Chris Del Mar, and Paul Glasziou. "Australian state influenza notifications and school holiday closures in 2019." F1000Research 8 (May 26, 2021): 1899. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.21145.3.
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Background: The impact of school holidays on influenza rates has been sparsely documented in Australia. In 2019, the early winter influenza season coincided with mid-year school breaks, enabling us the unusual opportunity to examine how influenza incidence changed during school holiday closure dates. Methods: The weekly influenza data from five Australian state and one territory health departments for the period of week 19 (mid-May) to week 39 (early October) 2019 were compared to each state’s public-school holiday closure dates. We used segmented regression to model the weekly counts and a negative binomial distribution to account for overdispersion due to autocorrelation. The models’ goodness-of-fit was assessed by plots of observed versus expected counts, plots of residuals versus predicted values, and Pearson’s Chi-square test. The main exposure was the July two-week school holiday period, using a lag of one week. The effect is estimated as a percent change in incidence level, and in slope. Results: School holidays were associated with significant declines in influenza incidence in three states and one territory by between 41% and 65%. Two states did not show evidence of declines although one of those states had already passed its peak by the time of the school holidays. The models showed acceptable goodness-of-fit. The first decline during school holidays is seen in the school aged (5-19 years) population, with the declines in the adult and infant populations being smaller and following a week later. Conclusions: Given the significant and rapid reductions in incidence, these results have important public health implications. Closure or extension of holiday periods could be an emergency option for state governments.
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Scott, Anna Mae, Mina Bakhit, Justin Clark, Melanie Vermeulen, Mark Jones, David Looke, Chris Del Mar, and Paul Glasziou. "Australian state influenza notifications and school holiday closures in 2019." F1000Research 8 (October 8, 2020): 1899. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.21145.2.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The impact of school holidays on influenza rates has been sparsely documented in Australia. In 2019, the early winter influenza season coincided with mid-year school breaks, enabling us the unusual opportunity to examine how influenza incidence changed during school holiday closure dates. Methods: The weekly influenza data from five Australian state and one territory health departments for the period of week 19 (mid-May) to week 39 (early October) 2019 were compared to each state’s public-school holiday closure dates. We used segmented regression to model the weekly counts and a negative binomial distribution to account for overdispersion due to autocorrelation. The models’ goodness-of-fit was assessed by plots of observed versus expected counts, plots of residuals versus predicted values, and Pearson’s Chi-square test. The main exposure was the July two-week school holiday period, using a lag of one week. The effect is estimated as a percent change in incidence level, and in slope. Results: School holidays were associated with significant declines in influenza incidence in three states and one territory by between 41% and 65%. Two states did not show evidence of declines although one of those states had already passed its peak by the time of the school holidays. The models showed acceptable goodness-of-fit. The first decline during school holidays is seen in the school aged (5-19 years) population, with the declines in the adult and infant populations being smaller and following a week later. Conclusions: Given the significant and rapid reductions in incidence, these results have important public health implications. Closure or extension of holiday periods could be an emergency option for state governments.
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Gsur, Andrea, Andreas Baierl, and Stefanie Brezina. "Colorectal Cancer Study of Austria (CORSA): A Population-Based Multicenter Study." Biology 10, no. 8 (July 28, 2021): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10080722.
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The Colorectal cancer Study of Austria (CORSA) is comprised more than 13,500 newly diagnosed colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, patients with high- and low-risk adenomas as well as population-based controls. The recruitment for the CORSA biobank is performed in close cooperation with the invited two-stage CRC screening project “Burgenland PREvention trial of colorectal Disease with ImmunologiCal Testing” (B-PREDICT). Annually, more than 150,000 inhabitants of the Austrian federal state Burgenland aged between 40 and 80 are invited to participate using FIT-tests as an initial screening. FIT-positive tested participants are offered a diagnostic colonoscopy and are asked to take part in CORSA, sign a written informed consent, complete questionnaires concerning dietary and lifestyle habits and provide an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) blood sample as well as a stool sample. Additional CRC cases have been recruited at four hospitals in Vienna and a hospital in lower Austria. A major strength of CORSA is the population-based controls who are FIT-positive and colonoscopy-confirmed to be free of polyps and/or CRC.
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Sun, Jiankai, and Srinivasan Parthasarathy. "Symmetrization for Embedding Directed Graphs." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 10043–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.330110043.
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In this paper, we propose to solve the directed graph embedding problem via a two stage approach: in the first stage, the graph is symmetrized in one of several possible ways, and in the second stage, the so-obtained symmetrized graph is embeded using any state-of-the-art (undirected) graph embedding algorithm. Note that it is not the objective of this paper to propose a new (undirected) graph embedding algorithm or discuss the strengths and weaknesses of existing ones; all we are saying is that whichever be the suitable graph embedding algorithm, it will fit in the above proposed symmetrization framework.
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Ahlers, Steffen, Andreas Henk, Tobias Hergert, Karsten Reiter, Birgit Müller, Luisa Röckel, Oliver Heidbach, Sophia Morawietz, Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth, and Denis Anikiev. "3D crustal stress state of Germany according to a data-calibrated geomechanical model." Solid Earth 12, no. 8 (August 11, 2021): 1777–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1777-2021.
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Abstract. The contemporary stress state in the upper crust is of great interest for geotechnical applications and basic research alike. However, our knowledge of the crustal stress field from the data perspective is limited. For Germany basically two datasets are available: orientations of the maximum horizontal stress (SHmax) and the stress regime as part of the World Stress Map (WSM) database as well as a complementary compilation of stress magnitude data of Germany and adjacent regions. However, these datasets only provide pointwise, incomplete and heterogeneous information of the 3D stress tensor. Here, we present a geomechanical–numerical model that provides a continuous description of the contemporary 3D crustal stress state on a regional scale for Germany. The model covers an area of about 1000×1250 km2 and extends to a depth of 100 km containing seven units, with specific material properties (density and elastic rock properties) and laterally varying thicknesses: a sedimentary unit, four different units of the upper crust, the lower crust and the lithospheric mantle. The model is calibrated by the two datasets to achieve a best-fit regarding the SHmax orientations and the minimum horizontal stress magnitudes (Shmin). The modeled orientations of SHmax are almost entirely within the uncertainties of the WSM data used and the Shmin magnitudes fit to various datasets well. Only the SHmax magnitudes show locally significant deviations, primarily indicating values that are too low in the lower part of the model. The model is open for further refinements regarding model geometry, e.g., additional layers with laterally varying material properties, and incorporation of future stress measurements. In addition, it can provide the initial stress state for local geomechanical models with a higher resolution.
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Dong, Yanting, Javier A. García, Zhu Liu, Xueshan Zhao, Xueying Zheng, and Lijun Gou. "A detailed study on the reflection component for the black hole candidate MAXI J1836−194." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 493, no. 2 (February 12, 2020): 2178–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa401.
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ABSTRACT We present a detailed spectral analysis of the black hole candidate MAXI J1836−194. The source was caught in the intermediate state during its 2011 outburst by Suzaku and RXTE. We jointly fit the X-ray data from these two missions using the relxill model to study the reflection component, and a steep inner emissivity profile indicating a compact corona as the primary source is required in order to achieve a good fit. In addition, a reflection model with a lamp-post configuration (relxilllp), which is normally invoked to explain the steep emissivity profile, gives a worse fit and is excluded at 99 per cent confidence level compared to relxill. We also explore the effect of the ionization gradient on the emissivity profile by fitting the data with two relativistic reflection components, and it is found that the inner emissivity flattens. These results may indicate that the ionization state of the disc is not constant. All the models above require a supersolar iron abundance higher than ∼4.5. However, we find that the high-density version of reflionx can describe the same spectra even with solar iron abundance well. A moderate rotating black hole (a* = 0.84–0.94) is consistently obtained by our models, which is in agreement with previously reported values.
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Dharma-wardana, M. W. C. "Simple fit to the ground-state energy of the two-dimensional electron gas in the fractional quantum Hall regime." Physical Review B 51, no. 3 (January 15, 1995): 1653–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.51.1653.
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Krumrey, Christine, Stephen A. Cooke, Douglas K. Russell, and Michael C. L. Gerry. "Fourier transform microwave spectrum of and Born–Oppenheimer breakdown effects in tungsten monoxide, WOThis article is part of a Special Issue on Spectroscopy at the University of New Brunswick in honour of Colan Linton and Ron Lees.Dedicated to Ronald M. Lees and Colan Linton, in recognition of their outstanding contributions to science." Canadian Journal of Physics 87, no. 5 (May 2009): 567–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p08-107.
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Rotational transitions of eight isotopomers of tungsten monoxide, WO, in its X0+ ground electronic state, have been measured in the frequency range 22–26 GHz, using a cavity Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. The samples were prepared by laser ablation of W metal in the presence of O2 and stabilized in pulsed supersonic jets of Ne or Ar. Only the J = 1–0 transition was accessible within the frequency range of the spectrometer. It was measured for the ground (v = 0) and two excited (v = 1, 2) vibrational states. Hyperfine structure due to 183W nuclear spin-rotation coupling was found for 183WO. The overall spectral fit used a Dunham-type expression including Born–Oppenheimer breakdown parameters. Only the v = 0 and 1 states could be fit to the measurement accuracy because of a small perturbation of the v = 2 state. It was necessary to account for the finite nuclear size of the W nucleus in the fit. The resulting parameter V 01W agreed well with a value calculated using density functional theory. Equilibrium internuclear distances re have been evaluated.
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Feng, X. N., X. Y. Gao, and C. P. Shen. "Combined fit to BESIII data on e+e−→ hcπ+π− and χc0ω." International Journal of Modern Physics A 30, no. 24 (August 28, 2015): 1550142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x15501420.
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The cross-sections of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] were measured by the BESIII experiment. In both cross-section distributions, there are structures at a mass of about [Formula: see text]. A combined fit is performed to the two cross-section distributions, assuming the structures are due to the same vector resonant state, the [Formula: see text]. The parameters of the [Formula: see text] are determined using two fit methods. The ratios [Formula: see text] are obtained, which may help in the understanding of the nature of this structure. Although a similar work was done previously, all the multiple solutions in our fits are taken into account and our conclusions are more precise and complete.
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Thomas, Christopher L., and Jerrell C. Cassady. "Validation of the State Version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory in a University Sample." SAGE Open 11, no. 3 (July 2021): 215824402110319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211031900.
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Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Model makes a theoretical distinction between the contribution of dispositional anxiety and the transitory experience of anxiety to performance difficulties during testing situations. According to the State-Trait framework, state anxiety is viewed as the primary performance barrier for test-anxious students, and as such, educators and educational researchers have expressed interest in validated, state anxiety measurement tools. Currently, the most widely used measure of state anxiety is the state version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. However, evidence regarding the psychometric properties of this scale is relatively scarce. Therefore, the current study was designed to determine the structural validity, reliability, and concurrent/divergent validity of the instrument. Participants ( N = 294) completed the state version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Cognitive Test Anxiety Scale 2nd Edition, and an exam task. Using confirmatory factor analysis, we tested the viability of one-, two-, and bi-factor solutions for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Confirmatory factor analysis results indicated a two-factor solution consisting of State Anxiety and State Calmness dimensions provided superior fit to the observed data. Results of a reliability analysis indicated that the State Anxiety and State Calmness factors demonstrated excellent internal consistency when applied to university students. Our discussion concerns the utility of the State Anxiety factor as a tool for the identification of test-anxious students.
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Hallek, Michael. "State-of-the-art treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia." Hematology 2009, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 440–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2009.1.440.
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AbstractThe last decade has produced rapid progress in the management of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Fludarabine, bendamustine and two monoclonal antibodies, alemtuzumab and rituximab, have been approved by the European and/or American regulatory agencies. Several, novel monoclonal antibodies targeting CD20, CD23 or CD40, as well as drugs designed to interfere with proteins regulating the cell cycle, apoptotic machinery, or leukemic microenvironment (eg, flavopiridol, oblimersen, or lenalidomide), are currently being tested in clinical trials. Furthermore, the increased experience with reduced-intensity allogeneic progenitor cell transplantation allows offering this option to physically fit patients. In addition, new prognostic markers that may influence therapeutic decisions have been identified. This review attempts to summarize the current use of these different modalities in CLL therapy.