Academic literature on the topic 'Two state fit'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Two state fit.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Two state fit"
1
REEVES, GILLIAN K. "Goodness-of-fit tests in two-state processes." Biometrika 80, no. 2 (1993): 431–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biomet/80.2.431.
Full text
2
Sun, Jiu-Xun, Qiang Wu, Yang Guo, and Ling-Cang Cai. "Two Universal Equations of State for Solids." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 65, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2010): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2010-1-202.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn this paper, two equations of state (EOSs) (Sun Jiu-Xun-Morse with parameters n = 3 and 4, designated by SMS3 and SMS4) with two parameters are proposed to satisfy four merits proposed previously and give improved results for the cohesive energy. By applying ten typical EOSs to fit experimental compression data of 50 materials, it is shown that the SMS4 EOS gives the best results; the Baonza and Morse EOSs give the second best results; the SMS3 and modified generalized Lennard-Jones (mGLJ) EOSs give the third best results. However, the Baonza and mGLJ EOSs cannot give physically reasonable values of cohesive energy and P-V curves in the expansion region; the SMS3 and SMS4 EOS give fairly good results, and have some advantages over the Baonza and mGLJ EOSs in practical applications.
3
Reddy, M. Rami, and Seamus F. O'Shea. "The equation of state of the two-dimensional Lennard–Jones fluid." Canadian Journal of Physics 64, no. 6 (June 1, 1986): 677–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p86-125.
Full textAbstract:
By combining pressure and energy data from the virial equation of state, through fifth virial coefficients, with the second and third virial coefficients themselves and the results of computer-simulation calculations, we have constructed an equation of state for the two-dimensional Lennard–Jones fluid for 0.45 ≤ T* ≤ 5 and 0.01 ≤ ρ* ≤ 0.8. The fitted data include some in the metastable region, and, therefore, the equation of state also describes "van der Waals loops" including unstable regions. The form used is a modified Benedict–Webb–Rubin equation having 33 parameters including one nonlinear one. The fitting was done using a nonlinear least squares algorithm based on a Levenberg–Marquardt method. A total of 211 simulation points, 97 reported here for the first time, were used in the fitting, and the overall standard deviation is less than 2% for both energy and pressure. Second and third virial coefficients derived from the fit in the supercritical region are in excellent agreement with exact values. The critical constants derived from the fit are in reasonable agreement with published estimates.
4
van Oers, Pieter, and Sera Markoff. "GRS1915+105: a comparison of the plateau state to the canonical hard state." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 6, S275 (September 2010): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921310016194.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractGRS 1915+105 is a very peculiar black hole binary that exhibits accretion-related states that are not observed in any other stellar-mass black hole system. One of these states, however – referred to as the plateau state – may be related to the canonical hard state of black hole X-ray binaries. Both the plateau and hard state are associated with steady, relatively lower X-ray emission and flat/inverted radio emission, that is sometimes resolved into compact, self-absorbed jets. To investigate the relationship between the plateau and the hard state, we fit two multi-wavelength observations using a steady-state outflow-dominated model, developed for hard state black hole binaries. The data sets consist of quasi-simultaneous observations in radio, near-infrared and X-ray bands. Interestingly, we find both significant differences between the two plateau states, as well as between the best-fit model parameters and those representative of the hard state. We discuss our interpretation of these results, and the possible implications for GRS 1915+105's relationship to canonical black hole candidates.
5
Aguado, Alfredo, Cristina Suárez, and Miguel Paniagua. "Accurate fit of the two lowest excited‐state potential‐energy surfaces for doublet HeH2+." Journal of Chemical Physics 98, no. 1 (January 1993): 308–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.464676.
Full text
6
Mueller, David G., Qiang Fu, Ronald Frandsen, Jennifer Karberg, and Evan Anderson. "State-Level Firearm Transfer Policy." Justice Research and Policy 18, no. 2 (December 2017): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1525107118801301.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the present study was to determine whether latent class analysis (LCA) could obtain a measure of the aggregate firearm transfer law environment. LCA, analysis of variance, and multinomial logistic regression were used to analyze state-level firearm transfer laws. Results indicated that a three-class solution fit the data better than a two- or four-class solution. These classes were associated with the two covariates in patterns consistent with hypotheses. Results suggest that LCA is a useful technique for classifying states based on the restrictiveness of firearm transfer laws. This classification may be useful in intervention and prevention planning.
7
Gregory, Gavin G., and Rafael Cabeza. "A Two-State Stochastic Model of REM Sleep Architecture in the Rat." Journal of Neurophysiology 88, no. 5 (November 1, 2002): 2589–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00861.2001.
Full textAbstract:
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a recurring state throughout the sleeping period. Based on the examination of 45 sleep records of 3-mo-old male rats during the middle of the light phase, a stochastic model is proposed for the sequence X 1, Y 2, X 2, Y 2, . . . of REM sleep durations X and inter-REM sleep waiting times Y experienced by a rat during a sleeping period. In our model the probability distribution of any variable in the sequence, given the past, is allowed to depend on only the immediately previous variable. The conditional distributions f( yi ‖ xi ) and g( x i+1 ‖ yi ) do not depend on the index i. It is shown that the marginal distributions tend to stationarity. Aggregations of the data on a discrete time scale suggest that the conditional distributions be formulated as two-component mixtures. These component distributions are modeled as Poisson and their means are called the means of short and long waiting time and the means of short and long REM sleep duration. Associated with each mean is a probability weight. Parametric forms are given to the means and probability weights. The model estimated by maximum likelihood shows a good fit to data of the 3-mo-old rats. The model fit to a smaller data set obtained from rats aged 15–22 mo shows a significant shortening of the means for both short and long REM sleep bout durations compared with the means of the 3-mo-old rats. Neuronal correlates for the behavior of the model are discussed in the context of the reciprocal interaction model of REM sleep regulation.
8
Haddock, Cynthia Carter, and James W. Begun. "The Diffusion of Two Diagnostic Technologies among Hospitals in New York State." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 4, no. 4 (October 1988): 593–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300007649.
Full textAbstract:
Using combined data from an independent survey by the American Hospital Association and the State of New York, the diffusion of two diagnostic technologies–the automated chemistry analyzer and the computed tomography (CT) scanner–among hospitals in New York State was analyzed. A linearized form of the logistic function was estimated using cumulative diffusion data for each. Diffusion patterns of both technologies fit the logistic curve well, with the coefficient of diffusion for the CT scanner being greater than that for the automated analyzer. Further analysis examined characteristics of early adopters of each technology. Similar hospital characteristics (e.g., high volume of admissions and medical school affiliation) were important in explaining early adoption of both technologies.
9
Czerwiński, Robert, and Dariusz Kania. "Synthesis of finite state machines for CPLDs." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 647–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10006-009-0052-0.
Full textAbstract:
Synthesis of finite state machines for CPLDsThe paper presents a new two-step approach to FSM synthesis for PAL-based CPLDs that strives to find an optimum fit of an FSM to the structure of the CPLD. The first step, the original state assignment method, includes techniques of two-level minimization and aims at area minimization. The second step, PAL-oriented multi-level optimization, is a search for implicants that can be shared by several functions. It is based on the graph of outputs. Results of experiments prove that the presented approach is especially effective for PAL-based CPLD structures containing a low number of product terms.
10
Winward, John. "The state of the article." Linguistic Variation 14, no. 1 (November 25, 2014): 46–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lv.14.1.03win.
Full textAbstract:
English articles represent one of the most challenging areas of second language acquisition for learners whose L1 lacks articles. The two studies presented here examine the developmental sequence of acquisition, the first through a cross-sectional analysis of Thai learners at different levels of overall English proficiency, the second through a longitudinal experiment in which learners were exposed to semantically-tailored tokens of article use, but without any explicit or meta-linguistic instruction. It is argued that the data do not show evidence of abrupt parameter resetting. Instead, the developmental patterns fit well with Yang’s variational model of acquisition. Keywords: L2 acquisition; article systems; determiners; definiteness; specificity
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Two state fit"
1
Schmitt, Carly Ann. "The influence of party contact on turnout : a two-stage model /." Available to subscribers only, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1402175521&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full text
2
Ceddia, Ryan Patrick. "Genomic Characterization of Two Models of Obesity in Mice: Divergent Selection for Epididymal Fat and the Effects of trans-10, cis-12-Conjugated Linoleic Acid." NCSU, 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08072007-120016/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
Full text
3
Tebra, Hamda. "Containment as Foreign Policy Doctrine in Two United States ‘Wars’ : from the Cold War to the War on Terror : How Do Arab Spring Countries Fit into the Scheme?" Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC0029.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse de doctorat porte sur le sens et rôle de la notion de néo-endiguement dans le contexte de l‘après-Guerre-froide. Elle postule que la politique d‘endiguement a évolué depuis pour s‘adapter aux nouveaux défis que pose le nouvel ère, tout en restant fidèle aux principes de la politique étrangère américaine développés pendant la Guerre froide durant la guerre contre le terrorisme et la période du printemps arabe qui a surgit dans la région du Moyen-Orient et de l‘Afrique du Nord. Ce travail de recherche revoit la littérature portant sur les grandes stratégies américaines, de la Guerre froide au printemps arabe. Il s‘appuie sur des données issues de documents officiels, de discours politiques, des écrits académiques, et de diverses ressources médiatiques pour comprendre comment les Etats-Unis ont pu adapter et adopter la politique d‘endiguement pour contrer la montée du terrorisme et la venue du printemps arabe. Cette thèse présente une analyse détaillée des principaux mécanismes d‘endiguement de la Guerre-froide, tels que nous les avons conçus. Aussi, elle démontre l‘emploi de ces mêmes mécanismes durant la période de l‘après-Guerre-froide pour contrer les nouveaux adversaires, notamment dans la région duMoyen-Orient et de l‘Afrique du Nord. Les États-Unis se sont d'abord appuyés sur l'endiguement économique qui consiste à utiliser l‘arme économique, soit pour affaiblir leurs rivaux, en leur imposant des sanctions économiques, soit pour soutenir leurs alliés,en leur versant des aides économiques annuels. Ensuite, il y a l'engagement des administrations américaines à défendre l‘idéologie américaine de la « démocratie dans le monde », qui constitue la pierre angulaire de la politique de la Guerre froide au néo-endiguement du 21ème siècle. Les présidents américains successifs ont joué la carte de la démocratie pour soutenir les alliés et contrer les adversaires. Ils pointent du doigt, d‘une manière sélective, certains régimes autoritaires, tout en fermant les yeux sur d‘autres. Enfin, l'endiguement militaire reflète le recours des administrations américaines à apporter une aide militaire et technique considérable au profit de leurs alliés, malgré l'effondrement de la ‗menace soviétique‘, tout en continuant à préconiser des guerres régionales par procuration dans les zones géostratégiques afin de maintenir la sphère d'influence américaine.Cette thèse examine également les politiques étrangères du point de vue de la quête de primauté qui constitue une constante de la politique étrangère américaine. Elle met ainsi en évidence la continuité des doctrines de la politique étrangère américaine qui ne s‘est pas fondamentalement modifiée, en dépit de la disparition de la menace communiste depuis la chute du mur de Berlin. Notre étude de cas confirme notre hypothèse sur le choix du néo-endiguement comme politique étrangère américaine vis-à-vis du printemps arabe, visant à isoler les gouvernements islamiques fraîchement élus au Moyen-Orient et en Afrique du Nord entre 2011 et 2014. L‘administration Obama a oeuvré activement pour endiguer l'Islam politique et les partis islamiques dans les pays du printemps arabe comme réponse au dilemme qu‘ils ontposé aux Etats-Unis : bien qu‘élus démocratiquement, ils ont représenté une menace pour le système d'alliances des États-UnisThis doctoral dissertation develops the notion of neo-containment in the post-Cold War era. Its premise is that Cold War containment evolved to adapt to new challenges in a new era and continued to be the cornerstone of U.S. foreign policy and notably during the War on Terror and the Arab Spring period in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). This research revisits the sizeable body of literature about the U.S. grand strategies from the early Cold War to the Arab Spring. It relies on data from official policy documents, policy makers‘ speeches, academic writings and various media resources to understand why, how and with what results the United States extended and developed the containment policy as its approach to the War on Terror and the Arab Spring. The dissertation provides a balanced account of the extent to which what we have qualified as the major Cold War mechanisms of containment continued to be implemented in comparable proportions in the post-Cold War era, but to contain new adversaries, mainly in the MENA. The United States relied firstly on economic containment which consists in using its economic power either to weaken challenging rivals by imposing economic sanctions upon them or empower allies through annual economic packages. The second mechanism of containment is the commitment to defend the U.S. ideology of ―democracy‖ which continued to be a cornerstone of neo-containment policy in the 21st century. The successive U.S presidents played the democracy cardto contain allies and adversaries. They selectively accused some authoritarian governments of abusing democracy while turning a blind eye on others. Finally, military containment reflects the American administrations‘ reliance on annual military aid and training services at consistently high levels, despite the collapse of the ‗Soviet Threat,‘ to its allies, while at the same time continuing to advocate regional proxy wars in geostrategic areas to maintain its sphere of influence.The dissertation also examines policies through the quest of primacy as U.S. ‗habit‘. It asserts, therefore, that the United States‘ political doctrines remained fundamentally unaltered despite the demise of the Soviet Union. The case study applies the dissertation hypothesis of neo-containment in U.S. foreign policy vis-à-vis the Arab Spring, to the U.S. quest for countering rivals such as Iran, by containing the newly elected Islamic governments in the Middle East and North Africa from 2011 to 2014. The Obama administration contained political Islam and Islamic parties in the Arab Spring countries as the policy response to the dilemma they posed; even though they were democratically elected, the governments represented a threat to the United States alliance system
4
De, Wet Elizabeth Catharina. "The effect of mergers on the psychological- as well as employment contracts in Free State FET colleges /| E.C. de Wet." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1783.
Full textAbstract:
The present era in South Africa is one that is marked by substantial change due to
unparalleled advancement in the field of technology, globalisation and competitive
markets. These changes have placed new demands on the education sector in South
Africa, especially further education. In 2000/1 South Africa's Further Education and
Training (FET) sector has been rejuvenated through a process of transformation when 152
former Technical Colleges and Colleges of Education merged to form 50 multi-campus
FET Colleges. The rationale behind this merging process is to curb the serious skills
shortage which is threatening economic growth in this country through offering vocational
education and training; and to raise quality in the education sector. This re-engineering
process in education is founded on principles of equity, human rights, democracy and
sustainable development.
Change, however, is also about people and their ideas, fears, capacity and ability to stand
and work together towards a more prosperous future for all. Transformation or change
such as with mergers is dependent on employees' total commitment towards realising the
organisation's objectives. High levels of organisational commitment tend to encourage
loyalty, higher levels of productiveness and general job satisfaction.
For change initiatives to be successful though, communication across all hierarchical levels
is of the utmost importance. Management is expected to provide employees with just
treatment, provide acceptable working conditions, clearly communicate what is regarded
as a fair day's work, and give feedback on how well the employee is doing. Employees, in
return, are expected to clearly show a good attitude, follow directions and be loyal towards
x
the organisation. The psychological contract is utilised to investigate the scope of change
in an employment relationship. The psychological contract is a contract setting out mutual
expectations between employer and employee - a contract that forms the backbone of any
new relationship such as with a merger. The researcher makes use of the psychological
contract (by utilising the Tilburgse Psychologisch Contract Vragenlijst (TPC)) to explain
employer obligations; violation of employer obligations; employee obligations;
relational/transactional contract values; commitment; intention to leave; and change
perceptions.
Should either employment party not fulfill its contractual terms in any way, the
psychological contract will be breached or violated and the employee might attempt to
balance the situation by reducing his or her job efforts, badmouthing the organisation,
resorting to absenteeism or even petty theft. The worst case scenario in this destructive
process is that the employee might leave the organisation.
The purpose of this research study is to determine the effect (if any) that the mergers might
have had on the psychological- and employment contracts in the four FET Colleges that
have remained in the Free State Province.
A cross-sectional survey design was used to reach the objective of this research and an
English translation of the aforementioned questionnaire (TPC) was randomly distributed
amongst the total population of 375 employees at the Free State FET Colleges involved in
this study. A response rate of 53% (n = 200) was achieved. Results from other authors
who have used the TPC Questionnaire in their research offer support for the validity and
reliability of the scales used.
The statistical analysis was carried out with the SPSS program (SPSS, 2006), a program
that is used to conduct statistical analysis regarding reliability and validity of the measuring
instruments, descriptive statistics, t-tests, analysis of variance, correlation coefficients and
multiple regression analysis.
XI
In Article 1 the researcher focused on the effect of mergers with regard to the influence of
communication on the psychological contract as a possible factor affecting the intention to
qUit.
A multiple regression analysis (with intention to quit as dependent variable; and employer
obligations, employee obligations, and communication as independent variables) was
performed and 22.2% of the variance in intention to quit is predicted by communication and
employee obligations (F = 28.07, p< 0.01).
A practically significant correlation coefficient (p < 0.01) of a medium effect (r > 0.30) exists
between communication and relational/transactional values and between communication
and intention to quit.
In Article 2 the effect of mergers, workplace changes and the violation of employer
obligations on the psychological contract were evaluated, with special reference to job
satisfaction and organisational commitment.
In the above article a practically significant correlation coefficient (p < 0.01) of a medium
effect (r> 0.30) was found between
• change and job satisfaction;
• job satisfaction and: commitment, employer obligations, employer violations;
• commitment and: employer obligations, employer violations; and
• employee obligations and: employer obligations, employer violations.
A multiple regression analysis (with job satisfaction as dependent variable; and employer
violation, organisational commitment, and change as independent variables) was
performed and 29.9% of the variance in job satisfaction is predicted by employer violations,
change and commitment (F = 27.668, p< 0.01).
Recommendations for the organisation as well as for future research were made.Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Sociology))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2008.
5
Edwards, Peter E. T. "Measuring the recreational value of changes in coral reef ecosystem quality in Jamaica the application of two stated preference methods /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 310 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1818417431&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full text
6
Hatch, Vicky Ann. "A study of how letters to the editor published in The Stars and Stripes newspaper between March 1, 1918, and November 15, 1918, reflected the morale of the troops during World War I." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1939512051&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full text
7
Stahl, L. "Capital 2.0 : capital formation and legal risk in a new global economic order from fiat to exit : including case studies of the proposed transatlantic trade and investment partnership between the United States and the European Union and the financing relation between the United States and the People's Republic of China." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2016. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/9ywzx/capital-2-0-capital-formation-and-legal-risk-in-a-new-global-economic-order-from-fiat-to-exit-including-case-studies-of-the-proposed-transatlantic-trade-and-investment-partnership-between-the-united.
Full textAbstract:
Following the intrinsically linked balance sheets in his Capital Formation Life Cycle, Lukas M. Stahl explains with his Triple A Model of Accounting, Allocation and Accountability the stages of the Capital Formation process from FIAT to EXIT. Based on the theoretical foundations of legal risk laid by the International Bar Association with the help of Roger McCormick and legal scholars such as Joanna Benjamin, Matthew Whalley and Tobias Mahler, and founded on the basis of Wesley Hohfeld’s category theory of jural relations, Stahl develops his mutually exclusive Four Determinants of Legal Risk of Law, Lack of Right, Liability and Limitation. Those Four Determinants of Legal Risk allow us to apply, assess, and precisely describe the respective legal risk at all stages of the Capital Formation Life Cycle as demonstrated in case studies of nine industry verticals of the proposed and currently negotiated Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership between the United States of America and the European Union, TTIP, as well as in the case of the often cited financing relation between the United States and the People’s Republic of China. Having established the Four Determinants of Legal Risk and its application to the Capital Formation Life Cycle, Stahl then explores the theoretical foundations of capital formation, their historical basis in classical and neo-classical economics and its forefathers such as The Austrians around Eugen von Boehm-Bawerk, Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich von Hayek and most notably and controversial, Karl Marx, and their impact on today’s exponential expansion of capital formation. Starting off with the first pillar of his Triple A Model, Accounting, Stahl then moves on to explain the Three Factors of Capital Formation, Man, Machines and Money and shows how “value-added” is created with respect to the non-monetary capital factors of human resources and industrial production. Followed by a detailed analysis discussing the roles of the Three Actors of Monetary Capital Formation, Central Banks, Commercial Banks and Citizens Stahl readily dismisses a number of myths regarding the creation of money providing in-depth insight into the workings of monetary policy makers, their institutions and ultimate beneficiaries, the corporate and consumer citizens. In his second pillar, Allocation, Stahl continues his analysis of the balance sheets of the Capital Formation Life Cycle by discussing the role of The Five Key Accounts of Monetary Capital Formation, the Sovereign, Financial, Corporate, Private and International account of Monetary Capital Formation and the associated legal risks in the allocation of capital pursuant to his Four Determinants of Legal Risk. In his third pillar, Accountability, Stahl discusses the ever recurring Crisis-Reaction-Acceleration-Sequence-History, in short: CRASH, since the beginning of the millennium starting with the dot-com crash at the turn of the millennium, followed seven years later by the financial crisis of 2008 and the dislocations in the global economy we are facing another seven years later today in 2015 with several sordid debt restructurings under way and hundred thousands of refugees on the way caused by war and increasing inequality. Together with the regulatory reactions they have caused in the form of so-called landmark legislation such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Dodd-Frank Act of 2010, the JOBS Act of 2012 or the introduction of the Basel Accords, Basel II in 2004 and III in 2010, the European Financial Stability Facility of 2010, the European Stability Mechanism of 2012 and the European Banking Union of 2013, Stahl analyses the acceleration in size and scope of crises that appears to find often seemingly helpless bureaucratic responses, the inherent legal risks and the complete lack of accountability on part of those responsible. Stahl argues that the order of the day requires to address the root cause of the problems in the form of two fundamental design defects of our Global Economic Order, namely our monetary and judicial order. Inspired by a 1933 plan of nine University of Chicago economists abolishing the fractional reserve system, he proposes the introduction of Sovereign Money as a prerequisite to void misallocations by way of judicial order in the course of domestic and transnational insolvency proceedings including the restructuring of sovereign debt throughout the entire monetary system back to its origin without causing domino effects of banking collapses and failed financial institutions. In recognizing Austrian-American economist Schumpeter’s Concept of Creative Destruction, as a process of industrial mutation that incessantly revolutionizes the economic structure from within, incessantly destroying the old one, incessantly creating a new one, Stahl responds to Schumpeter’s economic chemotherapy with his Concept of Equitable Default mimicking an immunotherapy that strengthens the corpus economicus own immune system by providing for the judicial authority to terminate precisely those misallocations that have proven malignant causing default perusing the century old common law concept of equity that allows for the equitable reformation, rescission or restitution of contract by way of judicial order. Following a review of the proposed mechanisms of transnational dispute resolution and current court systems with transnational jurisdiction, Stahl advocates as a first step in order to complete the Capital Formation Life Cycle from FIAT, the creation of money by way of credit, to EXIT, the termination of money by way of judicial order, the institution of a Transatlantic Trade and Investment Court constituted by a panel of judges from the U.S. Court of International Trade and the European Court of Justice by following the model of the EFTA Court of the European Free Trade Association. Since the first time his proposal has been made public in June of 2014 after being discussed in academic circles since 2011, his or similar proposals have found numerous public supporters. Most notably, the former Vice President of the European Parliament, David Martin, has tabled an amendment in June 2015 in the course of the negotiations on TTIP calling for an independent judicial body and the Member of the European Commission, Cecilia Malmström, has presented her proposal of an International Investment Court on September 16, 2015. Stahl concludes, that for the first time in the history of our generation it appears that there is a real opportunity for reform of our Global Economic Order by curing the two fundamental design defects of our monetary order and judicial order with the abolition of the fractional reserve system and the introduction of Sovereign Money and the institution of a democratically elected Transatlantic Trade and Investment Court that commensurate with its jurisdiction extending to cases concerning the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership may complete the Capital Formation Life Cycle resolving cases of default with the transnational judicial authority for terminal resolution of misallocations in a New Global Economic Order without the ensuing dangers of systemic collapse from FIAT to EXIT.
8
Coelho, Osvaldo de Oliveira. "Fundos de reparação dos interesses difusos e coletivos e sua efetividade." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5845.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Osvaldo de Oliveira Coelho.pdf: 1347392 bytes, checksum: 43bda0294f95028633dec3941aab16ba (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2012-05-29In various public actions in defense of individual interests has been common goal setting daily fine in case of noncompliance with court decisions, as well as judicial or extrajudicial agreement they signed last adjustment in terms of conduct. Also in cases where the recovery to the previous state of diffuse damages to property and collective proves unfeasible, there is condemnation in damages in money payments. In these cases, in overall, the calculated values should revert to a fund for the repair of diffuse and collective interests (national and state), according to article 13, caput , of Law n. 7.347/85. Of course, these funds is intended not only to repair the damages caused to the environment, but also to consumers, taxpayers, the disabled, the elderly, public health, housing and town planning, citizenship, assets and rights of artistic, aesthetic, historical, tourist, natural, per violation to the economic and other diffuse and collective interests, according to article 1º., §1º., of Law n. 9.008/95, which regulates the Defense Fund of Diffuse Interests in the São Paulo State. We must also mention that such funds exist at the federal and state areas, were created by the article 13 of Law n. 7.347/85, after being regulated by others laws. It is also to stress that the collected resources by such funds will be primarily for the purpose of repairing diffuse and collective interests, scientific and education events, and editing informational material related to the nature of the breach or damage caused, and may also be used to improve the administrative public departaments. Our goal is the choice of subject to analyse in depth the creation of such funds for repair, looking for a paradigm in American institutions, from where the legislation has inspired. It is, also, our goal to examine how resources are being used and the actual results of its use. This review should be performed in our study, with a focus on practical questions. With this aim, if not exhaust the matter, at least to reflect about the subject and a humble contribution to the improvement of the forms of a repair individual goals interests.
Em diversas ações civis públicas para a defesa de interesses metaindividuais tem sido comum a fixação de multa-diária para o caso de descumprimento de decisões judiciais, bem como de acordo judicial ou extrajudicial, estes últimos firmados em termos de ajustamento de conduta. Também nos casos em que a recomposição ao estado anterior dos danos a bens difusos e coletivos mostra-se inviável, há condenação em indenização em pecúnia. Nestes casos, em regra, os valores apurados deverão reverter a um fundo de reparação de interesses difusos e coletivos (nacional e estadual), conforme artigo 13, caput , da Lei nº. 7.347/85. Evidentemente que tais fundos têm por finalidade não só a reparação dos danos causados ao meio ambiente, mas também ao consumidor, ao contribuinte, às pessoas com deficiência, ao idoso, à saúde pública, à habitação e urbanismo, à cidadania, a bens e direitos de valor artístico, estético, histórico, turístico, paisagístico, por infração à ordem econômica e a outros interesses difusos e coletivos, conforme artigo 1º., §1º., da Lei n°. 9.008/95, que regulamenta o Fundo de Defesa dos Direitos Difusos, e artigo 2º. da Lei Estadual nº. 13.555/09, que regulamenta o Fundo de Defesa dos Interesses Difusos no Estado de São Paulo. Há que se mencionar, ainda, que tais fundos, existentes nas esferas federal e estadual, foram criados pela norma do artigo 13 da Lei n°. 7.347/85, sendo regulamentados por leis posteriores. Também é de se frisar que os recursos arrecadados por tais fundos terão a finalidade precípua de reparação de bens e interesses difusos e coletivos, realização de eventos educativos e científicos, bem como a edição de material informativo relacionado com a natureza da infração ou com o dano causado, podendo ainda ser utilizados para a aquisição de bens para a modernização administrativa de órgãos públicos. Nosso objetivo na escolha do tema é analisar, com profundidade a constituição de tais fundos de reparação, buscando um paradigma nos institutos norte-americanos, posto que serviram de inspiração ao legislador pátrio. Também é nosso objetivo analisar de que forma tais recursos estão sendo empregados e os efetivos resultados de sua utilização. Esta análise crítica deverá ser realizada em nosso estudo, com um enfoque prático sobre as questões colocadas. Com isso, pretendemos, se não esgotar a matéria, pelo menos trazer uma reflexão sobre o tema e uma humilde contribuição para o aprimoramento de uma das formas de reparação de interesses metaindividuais
9
Dupré, Romain. "Les juifs de France et l'antisémitisme : de l'affaire Dreyfus à 1940." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010637.
Full textAbstract:
S’inscrivant dans une période chargée de l’histoire des Juifs de France, cette thèse aborde les rapports de ces derniers à l’antisémitisme à la suite d’une historiographie ne présentant qu’une vision partielle et dispersée de cette question. Ce travail interroge le regard des Juifs en France métropolitaine sur l’antisémitisme sévissant dans l’Hexagone, en Algérie et à l’étranger, leurs réactions vis-à-vis de celui-ci et les évolutions identitaires qu’elles entraînent sur eux-mêmes. Dans cette optique, celle finalement de l’étude du fait minoritaire, nous mobilisons les outils de la psychologie et de la sociologie, en plus de ceux de l’historien. Dans la première partie, nous posons le contexte, une étape indispensable pour comprendre la pluralité de ces rapports sur un temps long au sein d’un vaste terrain d’investigation à la fois local et national. Nous nous concentrons particulièrement sur l’exposition réelle des Juifs de France à l’antisémitisme. La seconde partie aborde plus concrètement leurs réactions opposées à ce mal : les silences, les réflexions sur la haine, les agissements destinés à lutter contre lui. Nous terminons sur ses effets identitaires, c’est-à-dire la fierté, la recomposition ou la haine de soi consécutives et/ou affichées au contact incontournable avec la haine. Au final, ces réactions doivent être interprétées comme une maturation de rapports préexistants à la judéité et/ou à la francité officielle ou de fait des Juifs. L’antisémitisme a contribué à renforcer l’identité juive en France, tout en amenant des adaptations du « franco-judaïsme » face aux réalités de la condition minoritaire des Juifs de France, quelles que soient leurs originesTaking place at a critical time in the history of the Jews of France, this thesis approaches the reports of the latter to the anti-Semitism following a historiography presenting only a partial and scattered vision of this question. This thesis questions the perception of the Jews in metropolitan France about the anti-Semitism raging in France, in Algeria and abroad, their reactions towards this one and the identity evolutions which they have brought on themselves. To this end, we mobilize the tools of the psychology and the sociology, besides those of the historian. In the first part, we put the context, an essential stage to understand the plurality over time of these relationships within a vast ground of local and national investigations. We particularly focus on the actual exposure of the Jews of France to anti-Semitism. The second part approaches more concretely their opposed reactions to this ordeal: the silences, the reflections on the hatred, the actions intended to fight against it. We conclude on the impacts on identity, such as on the pride, the recomposition, the self-hatred and/or the exposure to the inescapable contact to hatred. Finally, these reactions must be interpreted as a maturation of pre-existing reports in the Jewishness and/or in the official or de facto Frenchness of the Jews of France. The anti-Semitism has helped to strengthen Jewish identity in France, while bringing adaptations of « Franco- Judaism » to the realities of the minority condition of the Jews of France, whatever their origins
10
Outling, Cora Denise Smith. "Process, fit, and appearance analysis of three-dimensional to two-dimensional automatic pattern unwrapping technology." 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03262007-001613/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "Two state fit"
1
Gaitskill, Mary. Two girls, fat and thin. London: Vintage, 1992.
Find full text
2
Gaitskill, Mary. Two girls, fat and thin. New York: Scribner Paperback Fiction, 1998.
Find full text
3
Barkin, J. Samuel, ed. The Social Construction of State Power. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529209839.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The relationship between realism and constructivism in international relations theory is a fraught one. The two paradigmatic framings of IR are often understood, and taught, as being in opposition to each other. The relationship is also an important one. Realism and constructivism are two of the central concepts around which the academic discipline is organized and are often presented as incompatible or paradigmatically irreconcilable. A number of scholars have argued, however, that the two are compatible. But these discussions have tended to be at a theoretical rather than applied level; they have opened up spaces for discussions of the relationship between the two understandings, but they have not necessarily given clear guidance to scholars for how to combine realism and constructivism as parts of a specific research design. In part this is because there are a variety of ways in which one could reasonably combine the two. Realist constructivism is in this sense a space for a conversation between the two understandings, rather than a specific combination of them. This volume provides a set of examples of applications of different realist constructivisms and an analysis of where they fit in this conversation, and how they speak to each other. Providing such a set of examples both helps to establish the range of the possible in the conversation between realism and constructivism as a set of research practices rather than deductive claims and provides examples to junior scholars of how to build research programs that combine constructivism and realism.
4
Hu, Henan. Bridging the Western and Eastern Traditions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199670055.003.0014.
Full textAbstract:
The encounter of the Western and Eastern world order has been a fundamental challenge to international law since the nineteenth century. Although China has been admitted into the modern States system originated in Europe and the principle of sovereignty has been applied to it, the legacy of ideological clash between the two civilizations remains. This chapter examines the issue of the compatibility between the Western and Eastern ideas of international order and aims to seek possible convergences between them. In this regard, it highlights the importance for both civilizations’ return to their original international theories that not only fit well into a State-centred system but also possess the essential characteristic of universalism.
5
Too fat, too slutty, too loud: The rise and reign of the unruly woman. Plume, 2017.
Find full text
6
Petersen, Anne Helen. Too Fat, Too Slutty, Too Loud: The Rise and Reign of the Unruly Woman. Plume, 2018.
Find full text
7
Petersen, Anne Helen. Too Fat, Too Slutty, Too Loud: The Rise and Reign of the Unruly Woman. Simon & Schuster, Limited, 2017.
Find full text
8
Plunkett, David, Scott J. Shapiro, and Kevin Toh, eds. Dimensions of Normativity. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190640408.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Understood one way, the branch of contemporary philosophical ethics that goes by the label “metaethics” concerns certain second-order questions about ethics—questions not in ethics, but rather ones about our thought and talk about ethics, and how the ethical facts (insofar as there are any) fit into reality. Analogously, the branch of contemporary philosophy of law that is often called “general jurisprudence” deals with certain second-order questions about law—questions not in the law, but rather ones about our thought and talk about the law, and how legal facts (insofar as there are any) fit into reality. Put more roughly (and using an alternative spatial metaphor), metaethics concerns a range of foundational questions about ethics, whereas general jurisprudence concerns analogous questions about law. As these characterizations suggest, the two sub-disciplines have much in common, and could be thought to run parallel to each other. Yet, the connections between the two are currently mostly ignored by philosophers, or at least under-scrutinized. The new essays collected in this volume are aimed at changing this state of affairs. The volume collects together works by metaethicists and legal philosophers that address a number of issues that are of common interest, with the goal of accomplishing a new rapprochement between the two sub-disciplines.
9
Widerquist, Karl, and Grant S. McCall. Implications. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748678662.003.0011.
Full textAbstract:
Earlier chapters of this book found that the Hobbesian hypothesis is false; the Lockean proviso is unfulfilled; contemporary states and property rights systems fail to meet the standard that social contract and natural property rights theories require for their justification. This chapter assesses the implications of those findings for the two theories. Section 1 argues that, whether contractarians accept or reject these findings, they need to clarify their argument to remove equivocation. Section 2 invites efforts to refute this book’s empirical findings. Section 3 discusses a response open only to property rights theorists: concede this book’s empirical findings and blame government failure. Section 4 considers the argument that this book misidentifies the state of nature. Section 5 considers a “bracketing strategy,” which admits that observed stateless societies fit the definition of the state of nature, but argues that they are not the relevant forms of statelessness today. Section 6 discusses the implications of accepting both the truth and relevance of the book’s findings, concluding that the best response is to fulfil the Lockean proviso by taking action to improve the lives of disadvantaged people.
10
Gugerty, Mary Kay, and Dean Karlan. Invisible Children Uganda. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199366088.003.0011.
Full textAbstract:
Monitoring and evaluation systems rarely begin as right fits; instead, they evolve over time, often to meet the demands of internal learning, external accountability, and a given stage of program development. This case follows Invisible Children Uganda as it formalizes its monitoring and evaluation system in response to increased visibility, the demands of traditional donors, and an internal desire to understand impact. Readers will consider how Invisible Children’s first logical framework—a rough equivalent of a theory of change—lays the foundation for a right-fit monitoring and evaluation system. Readers will also analyze the broader challenges of commissioning high-quality impact evaluations and the importance of clearly defining them.
Book chapters on the topic "Two state fit"
1
Chen, Yang, and Marianthi Markatou. "Kernel Tests for One, Two, and K-Sample Goodness-of-Fit: State of the Art and Implementation Considerations." In Statistical Modeling in Biomedical Research, 309–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33416-1_14.
Full text
2
Bisping, Benjamin, and Uwe Nestmann. "A Game for Linear-time–Branching-time Spectroscopy." In Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, 3–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72016-2_1.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractWe introduce a generalization of the bisimulation game that can be employed to find all relevant distinguishing Hennessy–Milner logic formulas for two compared finite-state processes. By measuring the use of expressive powers, we adapt the formula generation to just yield formulas belonging to the coarsest distinguishing behavioral preorders/equivalences from the linear-time–branching-time spectrum. The induced algorithm can determine the best fit of (in)equivalences for a pair of processes.
3
Bizioli, Gianluigi. "Un passo ulteriore verso un sistema federale: un tributo per l’Unione Europea." In Studi e saggi, 81–95. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-591-2.06.
Full textAbstract:
Attempts to adapt the idea of sovereignty in order to understand the phenomenon of European integration inevitably lead to two opposing theoretical representations: on the one hand, to configure European integration as a process derived from and legitimised by state sovereignty; on the other hand, on the contrary, to consider the European Union as the locus of sovereign legitimation and that this radiates out over the member states. These reconstructions are inadequate: on the one hand, they employ a notion of sovereignty that does not fit the plural organisations of state, and, in particular, the idea of federalism, and, on the other hand, they were unable to valorise the original features of the EU system, its functioning and relations with the member states. The aim is to investigate the prerequisites and limits of the Union's tax power and, to this end, the question of the (preferable) qualification of the Union will be addressed first; then, that of the contents and boundaries of the Union's tax competences in order to verify the ownership of a power to introduce own taxes, having regard to the regulatory function of the Union and the instrumental function for the establishment and functioning of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU).
4
Woldetsadik, Lia Gabremariam. "The State, Trust and Cooperation: Local Government-Residents’ Joint Neighbourhood Upgrading Initiatives in Addis Ababa." In The Urban Book Series, 13–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06550-7_2.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractCollaborative planning is acknowledged to enable several positive outcomes including the building of local knowledge and capacities. It is deemed to facilitate mobilisation of resources, support, acceptance, coordination of action and ownership. However, the collaborative planning literature’s focus on techniques to perfect the process design (i.e., regarding modalities for structuring participation, communication and deliberations) to transform social and political institutions pays little attention to the penetration of planning practices by the overall institutional environment that impede or enable operationalising these techniques. And based on Western liberal realities, it presumes that a minimum level of trust and at least democratic culture and cooperative norms needed for collaborative planning exist everywhere. As de Satgé and Watson (Urban planning in the global south: conflicting rationalities in contested urban space, Springer, 2018) argue, the “thin and instrumental assumptions” that planning theories make regarding the applicability of public participation or collaborative planning do not fit in with what is on the ground in other contexts, such as what is found in many parts of Africa. The chapter aims to bring the state back into the collaborative planning discourse by analysing how government systems affect the conceptions and actions of the different urban actors in collective action. Through local government-residents’ joint urban upgrading projects in two localities of Addis Ababa, it provides insight into the link between government systems, trust, planning practices and cooperation.
5
Ibrahim, Jimoh, Christoph Loch, and Kishore Sengupta. "Two More Power Plants." In How Megaprojects Are Damaging Nigeria and How to Fix It, 177–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96474-0_10.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe Zungeru dam and power plant had its share of problems (including protesting local communities affected by it) and suffered a three-year delay, but it looks to be completed in 2022. The case includes a characterization of “enabling conditions for project completion” as seen by a senior civil servant.The Delta State Oghareki was initiated with great promise but was then squarely brought down by corruption (the most glaring case in our sample), after a large initial payment disappeared through a contractor that allegedly was controlled by people close to the parliament. The project never progressed to substantive facilities, but no charges have been brought in Nigeria (while charges did indeed come to fruition in the UK, related to bribery of officials by UK-based component contractors). This case demonstrates how damaging corruption can become when it is not tracked and punished.
6
Whittaker, D. Hugh, Timothy J. Sturgeon, Toshie Okita, and Tianbiao Zhu. "The Adaptive (Developmental) State." In Compressed Development, 185–204. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198744948.003.0009.
Full textAbstract:
Is the developmental state dead, superseded by the liberal or competition state, a servant of markets, or has it evolved to fit changing geopolitical, economic, and technological circumstances? In affirming the latter, we first consider the national level, then extend our scope to consider decentralization, local developmentalism, and multilevel governance. Relatedly, we examine ‘smart cities’ (or ‘fast cities’) in China and India, which embody many of the processes and tensions of compressed development. Finally, we return to the notion of ‘embedded autonomy’ in state–civil society relations. Compression heightens two paradoxes of the developmental state and raises the importance of the state interacting with a wider range of civil society actors, in addition to business, to address its simultaneous challenges.
7
Zhou, Taomo. "The Diplomatic Battle between the Two Chinas." In Migration in the Time of Revolution, 52–71. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501739934.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter details how, with the People's Republic of China winning Mainland China and the diplomatic recognition of Indonesia, the positions of the Nationalists and Communists reversed. Having switched diplomatic recognition from Taipei to Beijing, Jakarta nevertheless allowed the Chinese Nationalist Party apparatus to continue its activities until 1958. Jakarta's ambiguous attitude induced a battle for influence between the two rival Chinese governments. As a regime in exile, the Chinese Nationalist government adjusted its past policies to fit the new circumstances resulting from its retreat to Taiwan. Having lost formal diplomatic representation, the Nationalists forged clandestine alliances with the Indonesian right-wing forces through the personal networks of the remaining Chinese Nationalist loyalists. In contrast with Taipei, Beijing prioritized state-to-state diplomacy over its connections to the overseas Chinese. By suspending the activities of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) among the overseas Chinese and signing the Sino-Indonesian Dual Nationality Treaty, Beijing attempted to ease Jakarta's concern that the ethnic Chinese could be used as a Communist fifth column.
8
Noakes, Stephen. "Strategic considerations, tough choices: how state preferences influence campaign forms." In The Advocacy Trap. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526119476.003.0006.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter serves two functions. First, it synthesizes from the earlier empirical chapters some lessons of practical value regarding how activists might optimally engage with China. As expected, fit with state priorities is the most consistently important ingredient for effective advocacy. But from where do state priorities emanate? The chapter argues that state preferences are largely driven domestic legitimacy considerations, and that each of the issues embodied in TAN campaigns therefore fall within a risk probability distribution. The risk posed to Party legitimacy by state action or inaction largely determines the opportunities available to activist networks. In turn, state preferences create strategic incentives for individual TANs, leading to a wide variance in their functional forms, the observance of advocacy drift in some campaigns, and its absence in others.
9
Groh, Tyrone L. "Sharpening the Definitions of Indirect Intervention and Proxy War." In Proxy War, 26–39. Stanford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503608184.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
In this chapter, the book proposes four general categories that represent the barriers that lead states to choose indirect intervention: (1) the risk of escalation, (2) a lack of domestic support, (3) a lack of international support, and (4) a lack of capacity. Facing these restrictions, states must decide how much control they desire over the outcome when intervening indirectly. Further, the chapter suggests that proxy war is only one means of indirectly intervening in the affairs of another state and can be broken down into two general types: donated assistance and proxy war. Lastly, the chapter offers a new typology for proxy war (in it to win it, holding action, meddling, and feeding the chaos) and explains how the different types fit into a state’s policy to intervene in the affairs of another state.
10
Whiteside, Heather, Stephen McBride, and Bryan M. Evans. "Introduction: Varieties of Austerity." In Varieties of Austerity, 1–28. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529212242.003.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This introductory chapter considers the history and extent of austerity measures used globally since 2008. It examines the common thread of these austerity measures, before turning to explore the issue of how much variety there has been within this common framework. To assist with this, the chapter briefly presents a selection of national cases — Canada, Denmark, Ireland, and Spain. These countries are differently situated within the main typologies of comparative public policy and political economy that categorize countries by type of welfare state and variety of capitalism. The comparative political economy of welfare states and types of economy has yielded two major classification systems. The most famous welfare state typology identified three types — liberal, social democratic, and conservative/corporatist — and advanced explanations for their development and characteristics. The chapter considers how these nations fit into these typologies and how they present varieties of austerity.
Conference papers on the topic "Two state fit"
1
Gorzelic, Patrick, Prasad Shingne, Jason Martz, Anna Stefanopoulou, Jeff Sterniak, and Li Jiang. "A Low-Order HCCI Model Extended to Capture SI-HCCI Mode Transition Data With Two-Stage Cam Switching." In ASME 2014 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2014-6275.
Full textAbstract:
A low-order homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion model to support model-based control development for spark ignition (SI)/HCCI mode transitions is presented. Emphasis is placed on mode transition strategies wherein SI combustion is abruptly switched to recompression HCCI combustion through a change of the cam lift and opening of the throttle, as is often employed in studies utilizing two-stage cam switching devices. The model is parameterized to a steady-state dataset which considers throttled operation and significant air-fuel ratio variation, which are pertinent conditions to two-stage cam switching mode transition strategies. Inspection and simulation of transient SI to HCCI (SI-HCCI) mode transition data shows that the extreme conditions present when switching from SI to HCCI can cause significant prediction error in the combustion performance outputs even with the model’s adequate steady-state fit. When a correction factor related to residual gas temperature is introduced to account for these extreme conditions, it is shown that the model reproduces transient performance output time histories in SI-HCCI mode transition data. The model is thus able to capture steady-state data as well as transient SI-HCCI mode transition data while maintaining a low-order cycle to cycle structure, making it tractable for model-based control of SI-HCCI mode transitions.
2
Bhattacharjya, Debarun, Dharmashankar Subramanian, and Tian Gao. "State Variable Effects in Graphical Event Models." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/592.
Full textAbstract:
Many real-world domains involve co-evolving relationships between events, such as meals and exercise, and time-varying random variables, such as a patient's blood glucose levels. In this paper, we propose a general framework for modeling joint temporal dynamics involving continuous time transitions of discrete state variables and irregular arrivals of events over the timeline. We show how conditional Markov processes (as represented by continuous time Bayesian networks) and multivariate point processes (as represented by graphical event models) are among various processes that are covered by the framework. We introduce and compare two simple and interpretable yet practical joint models within the framework with relevant baselines on simulated and real-world datasets, using a graph search algorithm for learning. The experiments highlight the importance of jointly modeling event arrivals and state variable transitions to better fit joint temporal datasets, and the framework opens up possibilities for models involving even more complex dynamics whenever suitable.
3
Izadi, Mohammad, Betty Cepeda-Salgado, and Seung I. Kam. "Mechanistic Modeling of Foam-Assisted EOR Simulations: Comparing Two Key Foam Generation Mechanisms." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31885-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Surfactant/foam enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) processes have long been regarded as a practical means of overcoming subsurface heterogeneity and gravity segregation, leading to higher sweep efficiency and more cumulative oil recovery. In order to understand the outcome of such processes, modeling and simulating how foam propagates and behaves with the help of mechanistic foam models is crucial. There are largely two different versions of mechanistic foam models available in the literature, but no studies have been conducted to compare and contrast the two models within the context of the numerical calculation itself. To clarify, the two versions of foam models are based on different types of pore-scale lamella-creation events, both taking advantage of bubble population balance simulations. The first is established on the mobilization-and-division mechanism, implementing the mobilization pressure gradient (∇Po) in the model to produce a large population of bubbles in porous media. On the other hand, the second is formed on the Roof-type snap-off mechanism, incorporating convection-dependent bubble creation at the germination sites into the model. Therefore, this study investigates similarities and differences of the two different foam models and understand the pros and cons of each foam model. In line with that, this study is performed with the following tasks: (i) identify and borrow representative mechanistic foam models from the literature, (ii) make a fit to coreflood experimental data and determine foam model parameters for each model, and (iii) find the characteristics of the two models and their implications. The laboratory data for supercritical CO2 foam from Yin (2007) and Liu et al. (2010) is chosen to match (i) the pressure responses of no-foam/weak-foam state and strong-foam state and (ii) the steady-state pressure gradients (or drops) of strong foam state at various gas and liquid velocities. The models from Kovscek (1994) and Afsharpoor et al. (2010) are applied to perform the tasks. The results show that both models can reproduce experimental data equally nicely, but depending on how field operations are performed (rate-controlled vs. pressure-controlled) some additional sophisticated steps might be needed to make them equivalent in EOR simulations.
4
Miller, John L., and Caroline Hayes. "Leaf Pruning and Node Consolidation: Two Methods of Reducing Distribution Network Model Size Without Sacrificing Simulation Accuracy." In ASME 1993 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1993-0080.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Large distribution networks often need to be modified to meet new demands. Designers use CAD and load-flow simulators to determine the characteristics of gas, liquid, and electric power distribution networks. Running the simulations required to engineer changes to a network is a lengthy process. The number of alternatives which can be explored depends upon the number of simulations which can be fit into the time allotted for design. Removing unimportant detail from a complete network representation results in a shorter per-simulation run time. Leaf pruning and node consolidation are two methods used to remove such details. These methods rely on the characteristics of the graph representation of the network, and so should apply to all steady-state load-flow simulations. Using leaf pruning and node consolidation together, per-simulation time can be cut tenfold, usually without significantly affecting total simulation accuracy. A reduction in per-simulation time translates into a less costly network analysis of the same quality as previously possible, or a more thorough analysis of network characteristics in the time period set aside for design. Steam distribution networks are used to illustrate the methods discussed.
5
Huang, Yunbao, and Xiaoping Qian. "A Stochastic Approach to Surface Reconstruction." In ASME 2006 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2006-99597.
Full textAbstract:
Shape reconstruction, a process to compute non-discrete mathematical shape description from discrete points, has been widely used in a variety of applications such as reverse engineering, quality inspection, and topography modeling. However, current shape reconstruction approaches, often based on deterministic techniques, face two fundamental challenges: 1) in noise handling, i.e. how to properly handle the data noise variance and outliers in order to reconstruct a robust surface; 2) in model selection, i.e. how to automatically select a surface model adapting to data cloud and to local shape change in order to avoid under-fit and over-fit. This paper aims to address these two issues by developing a novel stochastic surface reconstruction approach: multilevel Kalman filter. The core idea of this approach is to use a state-space model to relate data noise with the surface model, to adopt a multilevel surface representation to address the under-fit and over-fit issue, and to use Kalman filter to produce the optimal estimates and surface uncertainty. Experimental results from the prototype implementation demonstrate that multilevel Kalman filter produces better quality surface than the traditional least-squares method and is robust against noisy data, adapts well to shape changes in complex parts, and can handle incomplete data.
6
Li, Jianxun, Zhongliang Jing, and Feng Li. "An Effective Algorithm for Tracking Multiple Maneuvering Targets." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32409.
Full textAbstract:
Multiple maneuvering target tracking in a dense clutter environment is investigated. An effective parallel processing algorithm based on state fusion and fast joint probabilistic data association (FJPDA) is proposed. State fusion and feedback of all state information are used to fit different movements of targets. The FJPDA combining cluster matrix decomposition with fast data association algorithm is built for tracking multiple targets. Two examples are simulated to prove the validity and reliability of the proposed new algorithm.
7
Wang, Haobo, Weiwei Liu, Yang Zhao, Chen Zhang, Tianlei Hu, and Gang Chen. "Discriminative and Correlative Partial Multi-Label Learning." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/512.
Full textAbstract:
In partial label learning (PML), each instance is associated with a candidate label set that contains multiple relevant labels and other false positive labels. The most challenging issue for the PML is that the training procedure is prone to be affected by the labeling noise. We observe that state-of-the-art PML methods are either powerless to disambiguate the correct labels from the candidate labels or incapable of extracting the label correlations sufficiently. To fill this gap, a two-stage DiscRiminative and correlAtive partial Multi-label leArning (DRAMA) algorithm is presented in this work. In the first stage, a confidence value is learned for each label by utilizing the feature manifold, which indicates how likely a label is correct. In the second stage, a gradient boosting model is induced to fit the label confidences. Specifically, to explore the label correlations, we augment the feature space by the previously elicited labels on each boosting round. Extensive experiments on various real-world datasets clearly validate the superiority of our proposed method.
8
Heinrich, Ulf, Helmut Pucher, Bjoern Schenk, Walter Reimers, and Thomas Schmackers. "Ceramic/Metal-Shaft/Hub Connection for Applications in Small High Temperature Ceramic Gas Turbine Rotors." In ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0534.
Full textAbstract:
The paper provides a synopsis of the research activities currently pursued at the Technical University Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Institut Berlin and Honeywell Engines & Systems with respect to ceramic/metal joining concept for small ceramic high temperature gas turbine rotors. The objective was to design an interference fit type joint that can be cost effectively produced and reliably transmit torque at elevated temperatures (up to 800°C). Experimental and numerical investigations have been carried out to examine two slightly different designs which both utilize the same basic principle of a shrink fit connection that is able to compensate the thermal expansion mismatch between ceramic and metal and therefore is capable of keeping the contact pressure at the ceramic/metal interface nearly constant over a wide operating temperature range. The joints have been tested under torsional load at isothermal conditions in order to determine the static coefficient of friction and the torque carrying capability, as well as to optimize the joint geometry. The stress distribution inside the joint has been determined by FEA and subsequently evaluated by measuring the residual stress state of the joint in the ceramic by neutron diffraction.
9
Gould, Kevin J., Sander M. Calisal, Jon Mikkelsen, O¨mer Go¨ren, Barbaros Okan, and You-Taek Kim. "Powering and Seakeeping Characteristics of a Displacement Vessel Hullform With Waterline Parabolization." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20951.
Full textAbstract:
Waterline parabolization is a design procedure used for displacement vessels to decrease the wave resistance of the hullform through the addition of amidships bulbs. The bow and shoulder wave system of a parent hullform are interfered with by the wave system produced by the amidships bulb. Despite an overall increase in vessel beam, amidships bulbs can produce enough wave cancellations to decrease the total resistance. The designer must pay close attention to the amidships bulbs longitudinal positioning and fairing. Two design approaches can be taken: one the amidships bulbs are “retro-fit” to the existing parent hullform increasing the vessels displacement, and second the displacement is held constant producing an entirely new “optimized” design with shallower entrance and exit angles. Optimal shapes for the amidships bulbs were developed numerically using a potential flow code based on Dawson’s method coupled with a quasi-Newton nonlinear programming algorithm, Calisal et al. (2009a). Tow-tank tests at Istanbul Technical University (ITU) confirmed that amidships bulbs could reduce the effective power by 15%. Given a significant improvement in powering, this paper compares the seakeeping performance of the parent, optimized, and retro-fit hullforms at different sea state conditions and quantifies fuel consumption and acceleration levels. SHIPMO PC, a ship motion program based on strip theory is used to compare the three different hullforms. Three speeds are considered: the design speed of 12.5 knots, a reduced speed of 11 knots associated with the expected loss of speed from added resistance, and 6 knots to represent significant speed reduction. Roll, pitch and heave motions along with added resistance are estimated. Accelerations at the bridge are used to evaluate effects on the crew. For various sea states the most significant motion is roll in beam seas and is incurred at low speeds. The only significant difference in response between all models was for the retro-fit design; the increased displacement from adding the amidships bulbs and holding the draught constant increased the added resistance. Powering and acceleration levels for all models in head seas will be verified in tow-tank tests at ITU.
10
Peyronel, Fernanda, David Pink, Joseph Cooney, and Silvana Martini. "USAXS and SAXS data: Their interpretation and the organization of alkyl chains in crystalsÂ." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/jnox9762.
Full textAbstract:
USAXS and SAXS data were collected at 20°C for Triacontane (TC, C30H62), Stearic Acid (SA, C18H36O2), and Behenyl Lignocerate (BL, C46H92O2) in their solid state in 84% w/w of triolein (OOO) in its liquid state. Samples were prepared using (i) every single molecule, (16% w/w), (ii) pairs of molecules (8% w/w of each molecule), and (iii) 5.33% w/w of all three molecules. The Unified Fit Model was used to fit the scattering intensity data in the USAXS region. The SAXS data exhibited well-defined Bragg peaks. The q value at the Bragg peak maximum was used in the relationship, L = 2π/q, to identify repeat distances L along the local z-axis. A value of L = 34.9 Å, L = 39.3 Å, and L = 52.4 Å were obtained for the case of TC, SA, and BL, respectively, which were interpreted as indicating two dimensional layers. We shall report on hydrocarbon chain organization in terms of gauche conformers and alkyl chain axis tilt, the detailed results of which shall be reported elsewhere. USAXS data for I(q) extended over approximately two orders of magnitude of q. The data exhibited at approximately qknee ≈ 10-3 Å-1. For q > qknee the value of P1 from the slope of I(q) for the single-molecule solids was 4.0 (SA and BL) and 4.2 (TC), while for q less than qknee the value of P2 was 3.6 (TC), 3.8 (SA) and 4.1 (BL). We shall report on, and interpret, the values for pairs of the three molecules and the mix of all three molecules. We shall comment on the extent to which the molecules form single crystals involving one, two, or three of them.
Reports on the topic "Two state fit"
1
Galeano-Ramírez, Franky Juliano, Nicolás Martínez-Cortés, Carlos D. Rojas-Martínez, and Margaret Guerrero. Nowcasting Colombian Economic Activity: DFM and Factor-MIDAS approaches. Banco de la República, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1168.
Full textAbstract:
Economic policy decision-making requires constantly assessing the state of economic activity. However, this is not an easy task: official figures have significant lags, and the timely information is usually partial and has different frequencies. This paper applies two types of short-term forecasting methodologies (Factor-MIDAS and DFM) for Colombian economic activity involving information with mixed frequencies. We present a heuristic process to select relevant variables, and we evaluate the proposed models' fits by comparing them with traditional forecasting methodologies. Overall, DFM and Factor-MIDAS forecasts are better than those generated by conventional methodologies, especially as the flow of information increases. In times of COVID-19, the model with the best relative fit was the DFM.
2
Bevelander, Pieter, and Henrik Emilsson. One size fits all? : Integration approaches for beneficiaries of international protection. Malmö university, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24834/isbn.9789178771745.
Full textAbstract:
This thematic paper deals with integration policies concerning persons who aregranted international protection in EU Member States. It acknowledges that there are two general trends in integration policies - a civic turn and a local turn. The civic turn implies more integration requirements for migrants, decided upon by the state, that have an impact on the legal status of migrant newcomers. On the other hand, the local turn implies less national involvement with cities instead handling more of the integration policies, including funding and policy measures. The paper then describes four different models for the integration of beneficiaries of international protection: a national government-led model, a project based/multilevel governance model, a laissez-faire model, and a NGO-led model.
3
Zilberman, David, Amir Heiman, and B. McWilliams. Economics of Marketing and Diffusion of Agricultural Inputs. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586469.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Specific Research Objective. Develop a theory of technology adoption to analyze the role of promotional tools such as advertising, product sampling, demonstrations, money back guarantees and warranties in inducing technological change. Use this theory to develop criteria for assessing the optimal use of marketing activities in launching new agricultural input technologies. Apply the model to analyze existing patterns of marketing budget allocation among promotional tools for various agricultural input industries in the United States and Israel. Background to the Topic. Marketing tools (money-back guarantees [MBG] demonstration, free sampling and advertising) are used extensively to induce the adoption of agricultural inputs, but there is little understanding of their impacts on the diffusion of new technologies. The agricultural economic literature on technology adoption ignores marketing efforts by the private sector, which may result in misleading extension and technology transfer policies. There is a need to integrate marketing and economic approaches in analyzing technology adoption, especially in the area of agricultural inputs. Major Conclusion. Marketing tools play an important role in reducing uncertainties about product performance. They assist potential buyers to learn both about objective features, about a product, and about product fit to the buyer's need. Tools, such as MBGs and demonstration, provide different information about product fit but also require different degrees of cost for the consumer. In some situations they can be complimentary and optimal strategy combines the use of both. In other situations there will be substitution. Sampling is used to reduce the uncertainty about non-durable goods. An optimal level of informational tools declines throughout the life of a product but stays positive at a steady state. Implications. Recognizing the heterogeneity of consumers and the sources of their uncertainty about new technologies is crucial to develop a marketing strategy that will enhance the adoption of innovation. When fit uncertainty is high, allowing an MBG option, as well as a demonstration, may be an optimal strategy to enhance adoption.
4
Kirchhoff, Helmut, and Ziv Reich. Protection of the photosynthetic apparatus during desiccation in resurrection plants. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699861.bard.
Full textAbstract:
In this project, we studied the photosynthetic apparatus during dehydration and rehydration of the homoiochlorophyllous resurrection plant Craterostigmapumilum (retains most of the photosynthetic components during desiccation). Resurrection plants have the remarkable capability to withstand desiccation, being able to revive after prolonged severe water deficit in a few days upon rehydration. Homoiochlorophyllous resurrection plants are very efficient in protecting the photosynthetic machinery against damage by reactive oxygen production under drought. The main purpose of this BARD project was to unravel these largely unknown protection strategies for C. pumilum. In detail, the specific objectives were: (1) To determine the distribution and local organization of photosynthetic protein complexes and formation of inverted hexagonal phases within the thylakoid membranes at different dehydration/rehydration states. (2) To determine the 3D structure and characterize the geometry, topology, and mechanics of the thylakoid network at the different states. (3) Generation of molecular models for thylakoids at the different states and study the implications for diffusion within the thylakoid lumen. (4) Characterization of inter-system electron transport, quantum efficiencies, photosystem antenna sizes and distribution, NPQ, and photoinhibition at different hydration states. (5) Measuring the partition of photosynthetic reducing equivalents between the Calvin cycle, photorespiration, and the water-water cycle. At the beginning of the project, we decided to use C. pumilum instead of C. wilmsii because the former species was available from our collaborator Dr. Farrant. In addition to the original two dehydration states (40 relative water content=RWC and 5% RWC), we characterized a third state (15-20%) because some interesting changes occurs at this RWC. Furthermore, it was not possible to detect D1 protein levels by Western blot analysis because antibodies against other higher plants failed to detect D1 in C. pumilum. We developed growth conditions that allow reproducible generation of different dehydration and rehydration states for C. pumilum. Furthermore, advanced spectroscopy and microscopy for C. pumilum were established to obtain a detailed picture of structural and functional changes of the photosynthetic apparatus in different hydrated states. Main findings of our study are: 1. Anthocyan accumulation during desiccation alleviates the light pressure within the leaves (Fig. 1). 2. During desiccation, stomatal closure leads to drastic reductions in CO2 fixation and photorespiration. We could not identify alternative electron sinks as a solution to reduce ROS production. 3. On the supramolecular level, semicrystalline protein arrays were identified in thylakoid membranes in the desiccated state (see Fig. 3). On the electron transport level, a specific series of shut downs occur (summarized in Fig. 2). The main events include: Early shutdown of the ATPase activity, cessation of electron transport between cyt. bf complex and PSI (can reduce ROS formation at PSI); at higher dehydration levels uncoupling of LHCII from PSII and cessation of electron flow from PSII accompanied by crystal formation. The later could severe as a swift PSII reservoir during rehydration. The specific order of events in the course of dehydration and rehydration discovered in this project is indicative for regulated structural transitions specifically realized in resurrection plants. This detailed knowledge can serve as an interesting starting point for rationale genetic engineering of drought-tolerant crops.
5
Berkman, Nancy D., Eva Chang, Julie Seibert, Rania Ali, Deborah Porterfield, Linda Jiang, Roberta Wines, Caroline Rains, and Meera Viswanathan. Management of High-Need, High-Cost Patients: A “Best Fit” Framework Synthesis, Realist Review, and Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer246.
Full textAbstract:
Background. In the United States, patients referred to as high-need, high-cost (HNHC) constitute a very small percentage of the patient population but account for a disproportionally high level of healthcare use and cost. Payers, health systems, and providers would like to improve the quality of care and health outcomes for HNHC patients and reduce their costly use of potentially preventable or modifiable healthcare services, including emergency department (ED) and hospital visits. Methods. We assessed evidence of criteria that identify HNHC patients (best fit framework synthesis); developed program theories on the relationship among contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes of interventions intended to change HNHC patient behaviors (realist review); and assessed the effectiveness of interventions (systematic review). We searched databases, gray literature, and other sources for evidence available from January 1, 2000, to March 4, 2021. We included quantitative and qualitative studies of HNHC patients (high healthcare use or cost) age 18 and over who received intervention services in a variety of settings. Results. We included 110 studies (117 articles). Consistent with our best fit framework, characteristics associated with HNHC include patient chronic clinical conditions, behavioral health factors including depression and substance use disorder, and social risk factors including homelessness and poverty. We also identified prior healthcare use and race as important predictors. We found limited evidence of approaches for distinguishing potentially preventable or modifiable high use from all high use. To understand how and why interventions work, we developed three program theories in our realist review that explain (1) targeting HNHC patients, (2) engaging HNHC patients, and (3) engaging care providers in these interventions. Theories identify the need for individualizing and tailoring services for HNHC patients and the importance of building trusting relationships. For our systematic review, we categorized evidence based on primary setting. We found that ED-, primary care–, and home-based care models result in reduced use of healthcare services (moderate to low strength of evidence [SOE]); ED, ambulatory intensive caring unit, and primary care-based models result in reduced costs (low SOE); and system-level transformation and telephonic/mail models do not result in changes in use or costs (low SOE). Conclusions. Patient characteristics can be used to identify patients who are potentially HNHC. Evidence focusing specifically on potentially preventable or modifiable high use was limited. Based on our program theories, we conclude that individualized and tailored patient engagement and resources to support care providers are critical to the success of interventions. Although we found evidence of intervention effectiveness in relation to cost and use, the studies identified in this review reported little information for determining why individual programs work, for whom, and when.
6
North, Lee M. The United States Army and the Sergeant Problem: The Army's Systemic Inability to Produce Enough Sergeants and a Proposal to Fix it. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada611978.
Full text
7
Lewis, Dustin. Three Pathways to Secure Greater Respect for International Law concerning War Algorithms. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/wwxn5790.
Full textAbstract:
Existing and emerging applications of artificial intelligence in armed conflicts and other systems reliant upon war algorithms and data span diverse areas. Natural persons may increasingly depend upon these technologies in decisions and activities related to killing combatants, destroying enemy installations, detaining adversaries, protecting civilians, undertaking missions at sea, conferring legal advice, and configuring logistics. In intergovernmental debates on autonomous weapons, a normative impasse appears to have emerged. Some countries assert that existing law suffices, while several others call for new rules. Meanwhile, the vast majority of efforts by States to address relevant systems focus by and large on weapons, means, and methods of warfare. Partly as a result, the broad spectrum of other far-reaching applications is rarely brought into view. One normatively grounded way to help identify and address relevant issues is to elaborate pathways that States, international organizations, non-state parties to armed conflict, and others may pursue to help secure greater respect for international law. In this commentary, I elaborate on three such pathways: forming and publicly expressing positions on key legal issues, taking measures relative to their own conduct, and taking steps relative to the behavior of others. None of these pathways is sufficient in itself, and there are no doubt many others that ought to be pursued. But each of the identified tracks is arguably necessary to ensure that international law is — or becomes — fit for purpose. By forming and publicly expressing positions on relevant legal issues, international actors may help clarify existing legal parameters, pinpoint salient enduring and emerging issues, and detect areas of convergence and divergence. Elaborating legal views may also help foster greater trust among current and potential adversaries. To be sure, in recent years, States have already fashioned hundreds of statements on autonomous weapons. Yet positions on other application areas are much more difficult to find. Further, forming and publicly expressing views on legal issues that span thematic and functional areas arguably may help States and others overcome the current normative stalemate on autonomous weapons. Doing so may also help identify — and allocate due attention and resources to — additional salient thematic and functional areas. Therefore, I raise a handful of cross-domain issues for consideration. These issues touch on things like exercising human agency, reposing legally mandated evaluative decisions in natural persons, and committing to engage only in scrutable conduct. International actors may also take measures relative to their own conduct. To help illustrate this pathway, I outline several such existing measures. In doing so, I invite readers to inventory and peruse these types of steps in order to assess whether the nature or character of increasingly complex socio-technical systems reliant upon war algorithms and data may warrant revitalized commitments or adjustments to existing measures — or, perhaps, development of new ones. I outline things like enacting legislation necessary to prosecute alleged perpetrators of grave breaches, making legal advisers available to the armed forces, and taking steps to prevent abuses of the emblem. Finally, international actors may take measures relative to the conduct of others. To help illustrate this pathway, I outline some of the existing steps that other States, international organizations, and non-state parties may take to help secure respect for the law by those undertaking the conduct. These measures may include things like addressing matters of legal compliance by exerting diplomatic pressure, resorting to penal sanctions to repress violations, conditioning or refusing arms transfers, and monitoring the fate of transferred detainees. Concerning military partnerships in particular, I highlight steps such as conditioning joint operations on a partner’s compliance with the law, planning operations jointly in order to prevent violations, and opting out of specific operations if there is an expectation that the operations would violate applicable law. Some themes and commitments cut across these three pathways. Arguably, respect for the law turns in no small part on whether natural persons can and will foresee, understand, administer, and trace the components, behaviors, and effects of relevant systems. It may be advisable, moreover, to institute ongoing cross-disciplinary education and training as well as the provision of sufficient technical facilities for all relevant actors, from commanders to legal advisers to prosecutors to judges. Further, it may be prudent to establish ongoing monitoring of others’ technical capabilities. Finally, it may be warranted for relevant international actors to pledge to engage, and to call upon others to engage, only in armed-conflict-related conduct that is sufficiently attributable, discernable, and scrutable.
8
Trim, M., Matthew Murray, and C. Crane. Modernization and structural evaluation of the improved Overhead Cable System. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40025.
Full textAbstract:
A modernized Overhead Cable System prototype for a 689 ft (210 m) Improved Ribbon Bridge crossing was designed, assembled, and structurally tested. Two independent structural tests were executed, i.e., a component-level compression test of the BSS tower was performed to determine its load capacity and failure mode; and a system-level ‘dry’ test of the improved OCS prototype was conducted to determine the limit state and failure mode of the entire OCS. In the component-level compression test of the BSS tower, the compressive capacity was determined to be 102 kips, and the failure mode was localized buckling in the legs of the tower section. During system-level testing, the prototype performed well up to 40.5 kips of simulated drag load, which corresponds to a uniformly distributed current velocity of 10.7 ft/s. If a more realistic, less conservative parabolic velocity distribution is assumed instead, the drag load for an 11 ft/s current is 21.1 kips. Under this assumption, the improved OCS prototype has a factor of safety of 1.9, based on a 689-ft crossing and 11-ft/s current. The OCS failed when one of the tower guy wires pulled out of the ground, causing the tower to overturn.
9
Jin, Dachuan, Gao Peng, Shunqin Jin, Tao Zhou, Baoqiang Guo, and Guangming Li. Comparison of therapeutic effects of anti-diabetic drugs on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients without diabetes: A network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0014.
Full textAbstract:
Review question / Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of different anti-diabetic drugs in the treatment of non-diabetic non-alcoholic disease by network meta-analysis, and find the best intervention. Condition being studied: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to the disease in which the liver fat content exceeds 5%, and excludes the secondary causes of alcohol, infection, drugs or other specific metabolic diseases. As a spectrum of disorders, it includes hepatocyte steatosis and steatohepatitis at the initial stage, liver fibrosis at the later stage, cirrhosis at the final stage, and even liver cancer. Nowadays Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease in the world with an incidence rate as high as 25% which has been rising steadily worldwide in the past 30 years. Currently there are still no approved specific therapeutic agents and global treatment guidelines for NAFLD. For non-diabetic NAFLD, there is far from a consensus, too.
10
Chen, Pictiaw, Boaz Zion, and Michael J. McCarthy. Utilization of NMR Technology for Internal Nondestructive Quality Evaluation of Fruits and Vegetables. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568778.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: The objective of this research was to investigate the potential use of NMR for evaluating various internal quality factors of fruits and vegetables, leading to the eventual development of practical techniques that are useful for future development of NMR sensors. Summary: Investigation on NMR imaging, one-dimension NMR projection, and single-pulse free-induction-decay (FID) spectrum led to the development of high-speed NMR techniques for real-time sensing of internal quality of selected fruits. NMR imaging can be used for detecting internal defects and various quality factors such as bruises, dry regions, worm damage, stage of ripeness, tissue breakdown, and the presence of voids, seeds, sprouts, and pits. The one-dimension (1-D) image profile technique, in which the 1-D projection of the NMR signal of a selected slice of the intact fruit is recorded, is suitable for detecting tissue breakdown regions, presence of pits, and other defects in fruits. The oil and sugar content of fruits can be determined from the single-pulse FID spectrum measurement, in which a surface coil is used to acquire the FID spectrum and the ratio of the resonance peaks is used as the quality index. The latter two techniques are suitable for high-speed sorting of fruits. The most important accomplishment is the successful development of high-speed NMR techniques for determining internal quality of fruits while they are moving at speed up to 30 cm/s. This accomplishment is an important step toward the development of NMR techniques for on-line sorting of fruits and vegetables.