Relevant bibliographies by topics / Two objects

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Two objects'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Two objects"

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Skrzypulec, Błażej. "Two Types of Visual Objects." Studia Humana 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sh-2015-0014.

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Abstract While it is widely accepted that human vision represents objects, it is less clear which of the various philosophical notions of ‘object’ adequately characterizes visual objects. In this paper, I show that within contemporary cognitive psychology visual objects are characterized in two distinct, incompatible ways. On the one hand, models of visual organization describe visual objects in terms of combinations of features, in accordance with the philosophical bundle theories of objects. However, models of visual persistence apply a notion of visual objects that is more similar to that endorsed in philosophical substratum theories. Here I discuss arguments that might show either that only one of the above notions of visual objects is adequate in the context of human vision, or that the category of visual objects is not uniform and contains entities properly characterized by different philosophical conceptions.
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Piwowarczyk, Marek. "Two Structures in One Object." Grazer Philosophische Studien 97, no. 4 (September 21, 2020): 659–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756735-000115.

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Abstract In this article the author analyzes the problem stated by Ingarden in his ontology: under what conditions can the subject−properties structure and the whole−parts structure coexist in one object? After the presentation of Ingarden’s doctrines concerning both structures, the author argues that for Ingarden a whole is nothing over and above a plurality of objects linked by relations. However, Ingarden was convinced that a compound object is not identical with a whole which is associated with it. Then the author analyzes the difference between the two types of compound objects: higher-order objects and compound, primarily individual objects. The former are founded on parts while the latter are such that their parts are founded on them. Finally, the author considers Ingarden’s theory as an answer to the one–many problem. The author argues that Ingarden’s conception of a higher-order object cannot solve this problem, and he also points to some difficulties concerning primarily individual compound objects.
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Koning, Arno, and Johan Wagemans. "Detection of Symmetry and Repetition in One and Two Objects." Experimental Psychology 56, no. 1 (January 2009): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.56.1.5.

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Symmetry is usually easier to detect within a single object than in two objects (one-object advantage), while the reverse is true for repetition (two-objects advantage). This interaction between regularity and number of objects could reflect an intrinsic property of encoding spatial relations within and across objects or it could reflect a matching strategy. To test this, regularities between two contours (belonging to a single object or two objects) had to be detected in two experiments. Projected three-dimensional (3-D) objects rotated in depth were used to disambiguate figure-ground segmentation and to make matching based on simple translations of the two-dimensional (2-D) contours unlikely. Experiment 1 showed the expected interaction between regularity and number of objects. Experiment 2 used two-objects displays only and prevented a matching strategy by also switching the positions of the two objects. Nevertheless, symmetry was never detected more easily than repetition in these two-objects displays. We conclude that structural coding, not matching strategies, underlies the one-object advantage for symmetry and the two-objects advantage for repetition.
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Sapkota, Raju P., Shahina Pardhan, and Ian van der Linde. "Change Detection in Visual Short-Term Memory." Experimental Psychology 62, no. 4 (September 2015): 232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000294.

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Abstract. Numerous kinds of visual event challenge our ability to keep track of the objects that populate our visual environment from moment to moment. These include blinks, occlusion, shifting visual attention, and changes to object’s visual and spatial properties over time. These visual events may lead to objects falling out of our visual awareness, but can also lead to unnoticed changes, such as undetected object replacements and positional exchanges. Current visual memory models do not predict which visual changes are likely to be the most difficult to detect. We examine the accuracy with which switches (where two objects exchange locations) and substitutions (where one or two objects are replaced) are detected. Inferior performance for one-object substitutions versus two-objects switches, along with superior performance for two-object substitutions versus two-object switches was found. Our results are interpreted in terms of object file theory, trade-offs between diffused and localized attention, and net visual change.
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Smith, Phil. "Two Walks with Objects." Humanities 6, no. 3 (July 22, 2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h6030051.

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Gyulbudaghian, A. L. "Two Interesting Southern Objects." Astrophysics 59, no. 2 (June 2016): 256–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10511-016-9431-z.

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GRAHAM, SUSAN A., JUANITA N. TURNER, and ANNETTE M. E. HENDERSON. "The influence of object pre-exposure on two-year-olds' disambiguation of novel labels." Journal of Child Language 32, no. 1 (February 2005): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030500090400666x.

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We investigated whether manipulating the perceived novelty of nameless objects would influence two-year-olds' tendency to map novel words to these objects. In Experiment 1, children who had been pre-exposed to target nameless objects were more likely to map novel words onto those objects than children who were not pre-exposed to the objects or children who were pre-exposed to non-target members of the nameless object categories. In Experiment 2, children who were pre-exposed to a nameless object were more likely to assign the novel label to that object than to either a familiar object or an unfamiliar object that had not been pre-exposed. The results of these studies suggest that reducing the novelty of nameless objects increases two-year-olds' tendency to map a novel word to a nameless object.
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Hulleman, Johan, and Frans Boselie. "Visual attention and objects: New tests of two-object cost." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 4, no. 3 (September 1997): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03210794.

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Baylis, Gordon C. "Visual attention and objects: Two-object cost with equal convexity." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 20, no. 1 (February 1994): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.20.1.208.

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Ju, Ginny, and Irving Biederman. "Tests of a Theory of Human Image Understanding: Part I the Perception of Colored and Partial Objects." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 30, no. 3 (September 1986): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128603000322.

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Object recognition can be conceptualized as a process in which the perceptual input is successfully matched with a stored representation of the object. A theory of pattern recognition, Recognition by Components(RBC) assumes that objects are represented as simple volumetric primatives (e.g., bricks, cylinders, etc.) in specifed relations to each other. According to RBC, speeded recognition should be possible from only a few components, as long as those components uniquely identify an object. Neither the full complement of an object's components, nor the object's surface characteristics (e.g., color and texture) need be present for rapid identification. The results from two experiments on the perception of briefly presented objects are offered for supporting the sufficiency of the theory. Line drawings are identified about as rapidly and as accurately as full color slides. Partial objects could be rapidly (though not optimally) identified. Complex objects are more readily identified than simple objects.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Two objects"

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Edwards, Peter Ivan Edwards Peter Ivan. "Two explorations in musical objects /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3170275.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2005.
Includes 2 compositions: Puer natus est nobis (zu irgendeiner Zeit) for full orchestra, and Annicha, for flute, clarinet, and piano. Vita. Includes audio reel tape of compositions (analog, stereo., 7 1/2 ips : 7 in.).
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Duchi, Enrica. "ECO method and object grammars : two methods for the enumeration of combinatorial objects." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE4010.

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Cette thèse se situe dans le domaine de la combinatoire énumérative et bijective. La thèse commence par une introduction sur les structures et les méthodes qui sont ensuite utilisées. Puis elle se divise en deux parties. La première analyse des problèmes liés à ECO. En particulier, on analyse le problème de monter des règles de succession équivalentes. Plus précisément, on introduit des classes de règles équivalentes et on démontre l’équivalence en utilisant la méthode ECO. Dans le chapitre 3, on montre comment déterminer des règles de succession associées à une grande classe de récurrences littéraires positives croissantes. Puis on montre comment il est possible de décrire des récurrences linéaires au moyen de règles de succession négatives. Dans la seconde partie on étudie les relations entre les grammaires d’objets et la méthode ECO. En particulier, dans le chapitre 4, on montre comment on peut passer d’une grammaire d’objet à un ECO système associé selon un paramètre linéaire. Dans le chapitre 5 ce résultat est étendu au cas des paramètres q-linéaire pour les grammaires unidimensionnelles. Dans le chapitre 6 on obtient, d’une façon quasi-automatique, une grammaire pour la classe des polyominos convexes à partir d’un ECO système pour cette classe
This thesis is about enumerative and bijective combinatorics. We start by giving an introduction to the basic objects and methods we use (chapter 1). Then, the thesis divides in two parts. In the first part we address various questions about the expressiveness of the ECO method. In particular, in chapter 2 we talk about the problem of the equivalence of succession rules. More precisely, we introduce some classes of equivalent succession rules, by showing their equivalence using the ECO method and the generating functions. In chapter 3 we show how to represent a large class of positive linear recurrences by means of succession rules. Then, we show how any linear recurrence could be treated by means of signed succession rules. In the second part of the thesis, the relations between object grammars and ECO method are studied. In particular, in chapter 4 we show how it is possible to pass from an object grammar to an associated ECO-system according to a linear parameter. In chapter 5 we extend this result to natural q-parameters on unidimensional object grammars. In chapter 6 we provide, in a quasi-automatic way, a grammar for the class of convex polyominoes from an ECO-system for this class
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Rastello, Sara. "Multifrequency VLBA observations of two compact symmetric objects." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8913/.

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In this thesis the results of the multifrequency VLBA observations of the GPS 1944+5448 and the HFP J0111+3906 are presented. They are compact objects smaller than about 100 pc, completely embedded in the host galaxy. The availability of multi-epoch VLBI observations spanning more than 10 years, allowed us to compute the hot spot advance speed in order to obtain the kinematic age of both sources. Both radio sources are young, in agreement with the idea that they are in an early evolutionary stage. The spectral analysis of each source component, such as the lobes, the hot spots, the core and the jets, making a comparison with the theoretical ones is described. In addition the physical parameters derived from VLBA images as the magnetic field, the luminosity, the energy and the ambient medium density of both sources are discussed.
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Hann, Christopher Eric. "Recognising two planar objects under a projective transformation." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mathematics and Statistics, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1785.

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This thesis involves solving problems associated with object recognition for two dimensional images under a projective transformation. In order to recognise an object under any viewing angle requires invariant features to be identified. These invariant features can be used to match two images arising from two different views of a single object. One invariant is the projective curvature which characterises all curves up to a projective transformation. However the projective curvature depends on seventh order derivatives so is very sensitive to noise in the discretisation of the images and is of little practical use. Using links between the projective group and its subgroups, invariant points are found which depend on much lower order derivatives so are less sensitive to noise. They can be located on the images using a smoothing process then used to match the curves. However the smoothing process introduces error into the invariant points so that there will be error in the matching. This will not cause a problem if the two images have significantly different image features as then they can be detected within the wider tolerances of error. But this will cause a problem in distinguishing two images which are similar but different as it will not be known whether the error in the matching is due to error in the identification of the invariant points or not. A method, called the canonical form method, is developed incorporating an error analysis which corrects the error in the matchings of the images. This enables two similar but different two dimensional objects to be distinguished. It also provides the background knowledge to solve new problems as they arise. In addition to this practical method for two dimensional object recognition, a new characterisation of curves under the projective group and two of its subgroups is done using potentials and an alternative method for deriving and representing the projective curvature is given.
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McAndrew, Patrick. "Recognising and locating objects in two dimensional perspective views." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/853.

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Clemens, David T. "The recognition of two-dimensional modeled objects in images." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/27950.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1986.
MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING
Bibliography: p. 108.
by David T. Clemens.
M.S.
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Hunter, Jerry James 1964. "Planning stable in-hand reconfiguration of objects in two dimensions." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278194.

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This thesis presents a method to reconfigure objects in an articulated robotic hand, where reconfiguration is defined as moving an object from one orientation in the hand to another orientation. Several methods using object configuration rely on a stationary work area. These methods assume that the object is stably grasped by the hand, and is moved around the work area in an assembly process. This thesis assumes that the hand is the primary obstacle. The object now reacts to the hand instead of the work area. Reconfiguration of the object within the hand is the goal. Models were developed that portrayed the mechanics and the contacts for frictionless manipulation in a plane. Contact formation trees used in conjunction with the simulated mechanics is a unique method for solving this problem; the solution we attain is an optimal reconfiguration plan. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.)
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Klapez, Martin. "A study of two Languages for Active Objects with Futures." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/5691/.

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In computer systems, specifically in multithread, parallel and distributed systems, a deadlock is both a very subtle problem - because difficult to pre- vent during the system coding - and a very dangerous one: a deadlocked system is easily completely stuck, with consequences ranging from simple annoyances to life-threatening circumstances, being also in between the not negligible scenario of economical losses. Then, how to avoid this problem? A lot of possible solutions has been studied, proposed and implemented. In this thesis we focus on detection of deadlocks with a static program analysis technique, i.e. an analysis per- formed without actually executing the program. To begin, we briefly present the static Deadlock Analysis Model devel- oped for coreABS−− in chapter 1, then we proceed by detailing the Class- based coreABS−− language in chapter 2. Then, in Chapter 3 we lay the foundation for further discussions by ana- lyzing the differences between coreABS−− and ASP, an untyped Object-based calculi, so as to show how it can be possible to extend the Deadlock Analysis to Object-based languages in general. In this regard, we explicit some hypotheses in chapter 4 first by present- ing a possible, unproven type system for ASP, modeled after the Deadlock Analysis Model developed for coreABS−−. Then, we conclude our discussion by presenting a simpler hypothesis, which may allow to circumvent the difficulties that arises from the definition of the ”ad-hoc” type system discussed in the aforegoing chapter.
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Nightingale, Trevor R. T. "Acoustic diffraction by two and three dimensional objects using integral techniques." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2124.

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Welch, Thaddeus B. "Electromagnetic scattering from two dimensional objects using the Field Feedback Formulation." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/25894.

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Books on the topic "Two objects"

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Bartholomew, Robert E. UFOs & alien contact: Two centuries of mystery. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1998.

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What's in the garden?: Learning to compare two sets of objects. New York: Rosen Classroom Books & Materials, 2004.

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Baron, Jessica. What's in the garden?: Learning to compare two sets of objects. New York: Rosen Classroom Books & Materials, 2004.

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Cunningham, Keith. Two Zuni artists: A tale of art and mystery. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1998.

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Fuller, John Grant. The interrupted journey: Two lost hours "aboard a flying saucer". [Alexandria, Va.]: Time-Life Books, 1993.

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Smithsonian Institution. Treasures of two nations: Thai royal gifts to the United States of America. Washington, DC: Asian Cultural History Program, Smithsonian Institution, 1997.

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Schwartz, Jacob T. Identification of partially obscured objects in two dimensions by matching of noisy 'characteristic curves,'. New York: Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, 1985.

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Fowler, Raymond E. The Andreasson affair, phase two: The continuing investigation of a woman's abduction by alien beings. Newberg, Or: Wild Flower Press, 1994.

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A reassessment of 'Asherah': A study according to the textual sources of the first two millennia B.C.E. Kevelaer: Verlag Butzon & Bercker, 1993.

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Entsminger, Gary. The Tao of objects: A beginner's guide to object-oriented programming. Redwood City, CA: M&T Books, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Two objects"

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Sybesma, Rint. "Two Objects." In The Mandarin VP, 99–108. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9163-8_4.

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Perszyk, Kenneth J. "Two Main Arguments for Nonexistents." In Nonexistent Objects, 151–223. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8214-8_4.

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Osher, Stanley, and Ronald Fedkiw. "Codimension-Two Objects." In Applied Mathematical Sciences, 87–93. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-22746-6_10.

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Tulenheimo, Tero. "Two Modes of Individuation." In Objects and Modalities, 59–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53119-9_3.

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Tyers, Ben. "Follow Two Objects in View." In GameMaker: Studio 100 Programming Challenges, 19–20. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-2644-5_10.

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Štuikys, Vytautas, and Renata Burbaite. "Two-Stage Generative Learning Objects." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 332–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33308-8_28.

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Nielson, Flemming, and Hanne R. Nielson. "Code generation from two-level denotational meta-languages." In Programs as Data Objects, 192–205. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-16446-4_11.

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Paśniczek, Jacek. "Two-Sorted and Intensional M-Logic." In The Logic of Intentional Objects, 139–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8996-3_7.

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Rocknak, Stefanie. "The Two Systems of Reality." In Imagined Causes: Hume's Conception of Objects, 53–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2187-6_3.

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Sokolov, D. A., S. Yu Shugarov, and E. P. Pavlenko. "Long-Term Brightness Changes of Two CVS." In Cataclysmic Variables and Related Objects, 219–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0325-8_65.

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Conference papers on the topic "Two objects"

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Nierstrasz, O. M. "Two models of concurrent objects." In the 1988 ACM SIGPLAN workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/67386.67436.

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Nahon, Meyer. "Determination of the Interference Distance Between Two Objects Using Optimization Techniques." In ASME 1994 Design Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1994 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exhibition and the ASME 1994 8th Annual Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1994-0040.

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Abstract The determination of the interference distance between objects is a problem encountered in the off-line simulation of robotic systems. It is similar to the problem of finding the minimum separation distance between two bodies — a problem which, at present, is commonly solved using optimization techniques. This paper presents an analogous optimization formulation for the quick and accurate determination of the interference distance between two interfering objects. The optimization problem consists of finding the maximum amount by which the boundaries of two interfering object can be moved back while still maintaining a non-empty interference volume. Since the approach used is similar to that used in the minimum separation problem, a single algorithm has been implemented which, given the position and orientation of two objects, will return the separation or interference distance between the objects, as appropriate.
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Malhotra, A., and S. J. Munroe. "Support for persistent objects: two architectures." In Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.1992.183228.

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Moens, M. "Personalised information objects." In IEE Two-day Seminar. Searching for Information: Artificial Intelligence and Information Retrieval Approaches. IEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19990886.

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Ma, Ou, and Meyer Nahon. "A General Method for Computing the Distance Between Two Moving Objects Using Optimization Techniques." In ASME 1992 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1992-0111.

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Abstract Presented in this paper is a general method used to find the distance between two moving objects. This distance is defined as the length of the shortest path from one object to the other. The objects are assumed to be composed of arbitrary quadratic surface segments. The distance problem is formulated as a quadratic programming problem with linear and/or quadratic constraints, which is solved by efficient and robust quadratic programming techniques. Attention is focused on implementation in order to achieve computational efficiency for real-time applications. Computing tests show that the computational speed of this method is of linear order in terms of the total number of bounding surfaces of the two objects. It is also shown that, with a minor modification, this method can be used to calculate the interference between objects. A corresponding general software code has been implemented, and will be used for kinematics and dynamics modelling and simulation of space manipulators including situations with transient topologies, contact of environment, and capture/release of payloads.
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Miyazaki, Daisuke, Daisuke Akiyama, Masashi Baba, Ryo Furukawa, Shinsaku Hiura, and Naoki Asada. "Polarization-Based Dehazing Using Two Reference Objects." In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops (ICCVW). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2013.117.

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Rojas-de-Silva, Abiud, and Raul Suarez. "Grasping bulky objects with two anthropomorphic hands." In 2016 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros.2016.7759154.

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Yan-Bin Jia, Huan Lin, and Feng Guo. "Optimal two-finger squeezing of deformable objects." In 2013 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros.2013.6696857.

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Ping Chen, Zhaohui Fu, A. Lim, and B. Rodrigues. "Two-dimensional packing for irregular shaped objects." In 36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2003. Proceedings of the. IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2003.1174211.

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Sang Yang, Eric Uthoff, and Kristin Wortman. "Collision detection of two fast moving objects." In 2015 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aero.2015.7119002.

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Reports on the topic "Two objects"

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Nelson, Scott D. Electric Field between Two Spheres and other Canonical Objects. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1515355.

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Moon, Bill. Employment of Crystallographic Image Processing Techniques to Scanning Probe Microscopy Images of Two-Dimensional Periodic Objects. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.699.

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Majd, Farjam. Two new parallel processors for real time classification of 3-D moving objects and quad tree generation. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5301.

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Fitzpatrick, Paul. Object Lesson: Discovering and Learning to Recognize Objects. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada434695.

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Clausen, Jay, Michael Musty, Anna Wagner, Susan Frankenstein, and Jason Dorvee. Modeling of a multi-month thermal IR study. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41060.

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Inconsistent and unacceptable probability of detection (PD) and false alarm rates (FAR) due to varying environmental conditions hamper buried object detection. A 4-month study evaluated the environmental parameters impacting standoff thermal infra-red(IR) detection of buried objects. Field observations were integrated into a model depicting the temporal and spatial thermal changes through a 1-week period utilizing a 15-minute time-step interval. The model illustrates the surface thermal observations obtained with a thermal IR camera contemporaneously with a 3-d presentation of subsurface soil temperatures obtained with 156 buried thermocouples. Precipitation events and subsequent soil moisture responses synchronized to the temperature data are also included in the model simulation. The simulation shows the temperature response of buried objects due to changes in incoming solar radiation, air/surface soil temperature changes, latent heat exchange between the objects and surrounding soil, and impacts due to precipitation/changes in soil moisture. Differences are noted between the thermal response of plastic and metal objects as well as depth of burial below the ground surface. Nearly identical environmental conditions on different days did not always elicit the same spatial thermal response.
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6

Kuznetsov, Victor, Vladislav Litvinenko, Egor Bykov, and Vadim Lukin. A program for determining the area of the object entering the IR sensor grid, as well as determining the dynamic characteristics. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/bykov.0415.15042021.

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Currently, to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of objects, quite a large number of devices are used in the form of chronographs, which consist of various optical, thermal and laser sensors. Among the problems of these devices, the following can be distinguished: the lack of recording of the received data; the inaccessibility of taking into account the trajectory of the object flying in the sensor area, as well as taking into consideration the trajectory of the object during the approach to the device frame. The signal received from the infrared sensors is recorded in a separate document in txt format, in the form of a table. When you turn to the document, data is read from the current position of the input data stream in the specified list by an argument in accordance with the given condition. As a result of reading the data, it forms an array that includes N number of columns. The array is constructed in a such way that the first column includes time values, and columns 2...N- the value of voltage . The algorithm uses cycles that perform the function of deleting array rows where there is a fact of exceeding the threshold value in more than two columns, as well as rows where the threshold level was not exceeded. The modified array is converted into two new arrays, each of which includes data from different sensor frames. An array with the coordinates of the centers of the sensor operation zones was created to apply the Pythagorean theorem in three-dimensional space, which is necessary for calculating the exact distance between the zones. The time is determined by the difference in the response of the first and second sensor frames. Knowing the path and time, we are able to calculate the exact speed of the object. For visualization, the oscillograms of each sensor channel were displayed, and a chronograph model was created. The chronograph model highlights in purple the area where the threshold has been exceeded.
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Clausen, Jay, Susan Frankenstein, Jason Dorvee, Austin Workman, Blaine Morriss, Keran Claffey, Terrance Sobecki, et al. Spatial and temporal variance of soil and meteorological properties affecting sensor performance—Phase 2. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41780.

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An approach to increasing sensor performance and detection reliability for buried objects is to better understand which physical processes are dominant under certain environmental conditions. The present effort (Phase 2) builds on our previously published prior effort (Phase 1), which examined methods of determining the probability of detection and false alarm rates using thermal infrared for buried-object detection. The study utilized a 3.05 × 3.05 m test plot in Hanover, New Hampshire. Unlike Phase 1, the current effort involved removing the soil from the test plot area, homogenizing the material, then reapplying it into eight discrete layers along with buried sensors and objects representing targets of inter-est. Each layer was compacted to a uniform density consistent with the background undisturbed density. Homogenization greatly reduced the microscale soil temperature variability, simplifying data analysis. The Phase 2 study spanned May–November 2018. Simultaneous measurements of soil temperature and moisture (as well as air temperature and humidity, cloud cover, and incoming solar radiation) were obtained daily and recorded at 15-minute intervals and coupled with thermal infrared and electro-optical image collection at 5-minute intervals.
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8

Pantea, Cristian. Using sound to ‘see’ through solid objects. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1477610.

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9

Dutra, Lauren M., James Nonnemaker, Nathaniel Taylor, Ashley Feld, Brian Bradfield, John Holloway, Edward (Chip) Hill, and Annice Kim. Visual Attention to Tobacco-Related Stimuli in a 3D Virtual Store. RTI Press, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.rr.0036.2005.

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We used eye tracking to measure visual attention to tobacco products and pro- and anti-tobacco advertisements (pro-ads and anti-ads) during a shopping task in a three-dimensional virtual convenience store. We used eye-tracking hardware to track the percentage of fixations (number of times the eye was essentially stationary; F) and dwell time (time spent looking at an object; DT) for several categories of objects and ads for 30 adult current cigarette smokers. We used Wald F-tests to compare fixations and dwell time across categories, adjusting comparisons of ads by the number of each type of ad. Overall, unadjusted for the number of each object, participants focused significantly greater attention on snacks and drinks and tobacco products than ads (all P<0.005). Adjusting for the number of each type of ad viewed, participants devoted significantly greater visual attention to pro-ads than anti-ads or ads unrelated to tobacco (P<0.001). Visual attention for anti-ads was significantly greater when the ads were placed on the store’s external walls or hung from the ceiling than when placed on the gas pump or floor (P<0.005). In a cluttered convenience store environment, anti-ads at the point of sale have to compete with many other stimuli. Restrictions on tobacco product displays and advertisements at the point of sale could reduce the stimuli that attract smokers’ attention away from anti-ads.
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Ivanov, Valentin, Andrey Petkun, Victor Ryzhov, and Igor Turchanovsky. Object-Oriented Two-Dimensional Electromagnetic Field Solver Code. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada339361.

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