Journal articles: 'Two levels of mixing'

1

Ball, Frank, Denis Mollison, and Gianpaolo Scalia-Tomba. "Epidemics with two levels of mixing." Annals of Applied Probability 7, no. 1 (February 1997): 46–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/aoap/1034625252.

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Ball, Frank, and Peter Neal. "Network epidemic models with two levels of mixing." Mathematical Biosciences 212, no. 1 (March 2008): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mbs.2008.01.001.

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Neal, Peter, and Frank Ball. "Poisson approximations for epidemics with two levels of mixing." Annals of Probability 32, no. 1B (January 2004): 1168–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/aop/1079021475.

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DEMIRIS, NIKOLAOS, and PHILIP D. O'NEILL. "Bayesian inference for epidemics with two levels of mixing." Scandinavian Journal of Statistics 32, no. 2 (June 2005): 265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9469.2005.00420.x.

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Izquierdo, Segismundo S., Luis R. Izquierdo, and Dunia López-Pintado. "Mixing and diffusion in a two-type population." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 2 (February 2018): 172102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.172102.

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The outbreak of epidemics, the rise of religious radicalization or the motivational influence of fellow students in classrooms are some of the issues that can be described as diffusion processes in heterogeneous groups. Understanding the role that interaction patterns between groups (e.g. homophily or segregation) play in the diffusion of certain traits or behaviours is a major challenge for contemporary societies. Here, we study the impact on diffusion processes of mixing (or, alternatively, segregating) two groups that present different sensitivities or propensities to contagion. We find non-monotonic effects of mixing and inefficient segregation levels, i.e. situations where a change in the mixing level can benefit both groups, e.g. where an increase in the mixing level can reduce the expected contagion levels in both groups. These findings can have fundamental consequences for the design of inclusion policies.

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Knock, E. S., and P. D. O'Neill. "Bayesian model choice for epidemic models with two levels of mixing." Biostatistics 15, no. 1 (July 24, 2013): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biostatistics/kxt023.

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Neogi, MG, JC Biswas, MM Khan, and MM Rashid. "Wheat–Lentil Mixed Cropping System Productivity Under Varied Irrigation Levels." Annals of Bangladesh Agriculture 25, no. 1 (March 21, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/aba.v25i1.58150.

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The study on mixed cropping of lentil and wheat was conducted under three levels of irrigation. Wheat at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50% of the normal seed rates were mixed with full seed rate of lentil to find out a suitable mixing rate of wheat for maximum total yield from unit land. The study was conducted in a split plot design with three replications. Lentil yields obtained with single and two irrigations were identical and higher than with no irrigation. The highest wheat yield was obtained with two irrigations. Total yield was the highest with application of two irrigations. Mixing different proportions of wheat with lentil produced 95-171% additional yield over sole cropping of lentil. Mixing of wheat at 25-35% with lentil was found to be judicious for obtaining maximum total yields. The highest protein yield was obtained with 30-35% and 35% mixing rates of wheat at zero and single irrigation levels. Growing wheat with lentil resulted in increased protein yield in wheat than sole cropping. The highest land equivalent ratio (LER) values were obtained when 30-35% of wheat seed rate were mixed with lentil. Application of two irrigations resulted in high LER values. It is concluded that use of 35% of wheat seed rate along with full seed rate of lentil under two levels of irrigations would be the best mixing ratio for obtaining the highest wheat and total grain yield. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2021) 25 (1) : 1-10

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Ball, Frank, and Peter Neal. "A general model for stochastic SIR epidemics with two levels of mixing." Mathematical Biosciences 180, no. 1-2 (November 2002): 73–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-5564(02)00125-6.

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THOMAS, L. P., B. M. MARINO, R. TOVAR, and P. F. LINDEN. "Buoyancy-driven flow between two rooms coupled by two openings at different levels." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 594 (December 14, 2007): 425–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112007009123.

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The stack-driven flow between two interconnected rooms produced by a single heat source is studied. In particular, the features of the transient flow for different positions and areas of two openings in the shared vertical wall are analysed. An analytical model provides the time evolution of the stratified flows in rooms of any size. The concept of an equivalent layer representing a non-uniform density profile, which is useful in other contexts, is included in the theoretical approach and provides physical insight and aids the mathematical solution of the problem. New salt-bath experiments are performed to simulate the thermal forcing between the rooms, to validate the model and to analyse the mixing generated and the effects of a source of volume in the configuration studied.

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Cao, H. Z., J. R. Hardy, R. W. Douglass, P. T. Dawkins, and S. R. Dunbar. "Fractal character of two-dimensional fluid mixing at both continuum and atomic levels." Physical Review A 45, no. 6 (March 1, 1992): 3841–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.45.3841.

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Maksuwel, Maksuwel, and Yuyun Yulia. "The Use of Code Mixing In Pak Ndul's Video YouTube Channel." TAMANSISWA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL IN EDUCATION AND SCIENCE 2, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.30738/tijes.v2i2.8969.

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This research was to find out (1) types of code-mixing and (2) dominant code-mixing level on Pak Ndulâ€™s YouTube video channel. Findings of this research were divided into two parts â€“ types and levels of code-mixing. The types consist of outer and inner utterances revealing 40 and 38 of 51% and 49 % respectively. Regarding levels, the highest percentage of the code-mixing level categories is word level by 54 %, whereas baster and idiom level categories share the lowest percentage on 2.40 %.Â Â Keywords: Code-mixing, Qualitative approach, Percentage

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Hui, Qian, and Li Peiyue. "Mixing Corrosion of CaCO3in Natural Waters." E-Journal of Chemistry 8, no. 3 (2011): 1124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/891053.

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The methods of aqueous speciation calculation, pH calculation and the solubility (precipitability) calculation of CaCO3were used to study the mixing corrosion of CaCO3in natural waters. Mixing processes were done between two unsaturated (with CaCO3) solutions, two oversaturated solutions and between an unsaturated solution and an oversaturated solution, respectively. Results show that the mixing corrosion can be divided into two different levels: mixing corrosion in strict sense and mixing corrosion in broad sense. When mixing corrosion occurs, the HCO3-concentration in one end member solution is usually higher than that in the other solution, and the Ca2+concentration in the former solution is also usually higher than that in the latter one.

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Khan, M., Billie-Louise Schlich, Michael Jenkin, Beth Shallcross, Katherine Moseley, Catherine Walker, William Morris, Richard Derwent, Carl Percival, and Dudley Shallcross. "A Two-Decade Anthropogenic and Biogenic Isoprene Emissions Study in a London Urban Background and a London Urban Traffic Site." Atmosphere 9, no. 10 (October 3, 2018): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9100387.

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A relationship between isoprene and 1,3-butadiene mixing ratios was established to separate the anthropogenic and biogenic fractions of the measured isoprene in London air in both urban background (Eltham) and urban traffic (Marylebone Road) areas over two decades (1997–2017). The average daytime biogenic isoprene mixing ratios over this period reached 0.09 ± 0.04 ppb (Marylebone Road) and 0.11 ± 0.06 ppb (Eltham) between the period of 6:00 to 20:00 local standard time, contributing 40 and 75% of the total daytime isoprene mixing ratios. The average summertime biogenic isoprene mixing ratios for 1997–2017 are found to be 0.13 ± 0.02 and 0.15 ± 0.04 ppb which contribute 50 and 90% of the total summertime isoprene mixing ratios for Marylebone Road and Eltham, respectively. Significant anthropogenic isoprene mixing ratios are found during night-time (0.11 ± 0.04 ppb) and winter months (0.14 ± 0.01 ppb) at Marylebone Road. During high-temperature and high-pollution events (high ozone) there is a suggestion that ozone itself may be directly responsible for some of the isoprene emission. By observing the positive correlation between biogenic isoprene levels with temperature, photosynthetically active radiation and ozone mixing ratios during heatwave periods, the Cobb-Douglas production function was used to obtain a better understanding of the abiotic factors that stimulate isoprene emission from plants. Other reasons for a correlation between ozone and isoprene are discussed. The long-term effects of urban stressors on vegetation were also observed, with biogenic isoprene mixing ratios on Marylebone Road dropping over a 20-year period regardless of the sustained biomass levels.

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Sendi Wahyuni, Wulan Wangi, and Wageyono. "A Descriptive Study of Code-Mixing in “My Stupid Boss Part 1” Movie." LUNAR 5, no. 1 (September 5, 2021): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36526/ln.v5i1.1468.

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Nowadays, code-mixing phenomenon is commonly used in communication. In this case, people sometimes mix the language into another language in order to get understand and succesful of communication. The objectives of the study are to find out the types and the levels of code-mixing used in “My Stupid Boss part 1” movie. In this study, the researcher focuses on Indonesian, English, and Javanese utterance. This research method used a descriptive qualitative method. It described the results of research that was objectively analyzed by collecting data. The data source was script movie. The researcher used free listening method. Then, the analysis method followed the steps of Miles and Hubarman. The result was displayed on the table of code-mixing and explained with narrative text. The researcher used 58 data from the utterances in the movie that are considered is able to represent of code-mixing. Analysis focused on two types and six levels of code-mixing. There are 12 of inner code-mixing and 54 of outer code-mixing used in this movie. Then, there are 40 of word levels, 18 of phrase levels, 2 of clause levels, 1 of baster level, and 7 of repetition word level.

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Knoll, Anna Lena, and Kai Siedenburg. "The Optimal Mix? Presentation Order Affects Preference Ratings of Vocal Amplitude Levels in Popular Music." Music & Science 5 (January 2022): 205920432211427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20592043221142712.

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Mixing popular music is a complex task requiring the consideration of artistic goals, as well as preferences of both the mixing engineer and potential listeners. Vocals are of particular importance in the mixing process. Here, we tested whether listeners possess stable preferences for the mixing level of vocals, whether these preferences are subject to order effects, and the extent to which individual differences between listeners play a role. In Experiments 1 and 2 participants rated which of two mixes in a pair of song excerpts (unchanged reference versus comparison mix with adjusted vocal level) they preferred. Each excerpt pair was presented in two orders – reference first and comparison first. Generally, listeners preferred increased vocal levels and showed pronounced primacy effects, yielding higher ratings for the mix that was presented first. To circumvent order effects, Experiment 3 presented and asked for a rating of only one excerpt at a time and showed ratings similar to reference-first excerpt pairs in Experiments 1 and 2. No systematic influences of demographic variables were observed. However, we found two clusters of participants that differed in their overall preferences, with one group showing stronger preferences for higher vocal levels. The present findings underscore the role of listening history of the immediate past in complex auditory tasks such as evaluating the level of a salient sound source in a musical mixture.

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Hajer Z. Refaat and Saad N. Abood. "IBM-2 configuration mixing in Mo nuclei." World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences 5, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2022.5.2.0046.

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The even-even Mo isotopes are studied using an extension of the neutron-proton interacting boson model that accounts for the breaking of shell or sub-shell closures via two-particle-two-hole excitations. The energy levels and electromagnetic transitions are explored. The results back up the idea that these isotopes are interacting between two configurations.

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17

von Brentano, Peter. "On the mixing of two bound and unbound levels: Energy repulsion and width attraction." Physics Reports 264, no. 1-5 (January 1996): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-1573(95)00027-5.

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18

Natasyah, Jeni, and Jufrizal Jufrizal. "An Analysis of Code Mixing as Found in Livy Renata's YouTube Channel." English Language and Literature 13, no. 1 (February 28, 2024): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/ell.v13i1.127560.

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This study focused on the code mixing in YouTube channel used by Livy Renata which analyzed the types and levels. This research applied descriptive qualitative method, which describes the data that researcher collected form of words, phrases, sentences that contain other language mixtures. The data were code mixing utterances in the form of word, phrase, and sentence uttered by Livy Renata in her YouTube Channel. The results of the research on the type of code mixing used Hoffman's theory (1991) found 345 data collected, there were three types of code mixing in Hoffman's theory. They were intra-sentential code mixing, intra-lexical code mixing, and involving change of pronunciation. Based on the analysis of the level of code mixing used the theory of Mckay & Hornberger (1996) found 320 data, there were two levels of code mixing, which were the level of lexical and level of syntactic.

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Klink, Saskia, Philipp Giesemann, and Gerhard Gebauer. "Picky carnivorous plants? Investigating preferences for preys’ trophic levels – a stable isotope natural abundance approach with two terrestrial and two aquatic Lentibulariaceae tested in Central Europe." Annals of Botany 123, no. 7 (March 13, 2019): 1167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcz022.

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Abstract Background and Aims Stable isotope two-source linear mixing models are frequently used to calculate the nutrient-uptake efficiency of carnivorous plants from pooled prey. This study aimed to separate prey into three trophic levels as pooled prey limits statements about the contribution of a specific trophic level to the nutrition of carnivorous plants. Phytoplankton were used as an autotrophic reference for aquatic plants as the lack of suitable reference plants impedes calculation of their efficiency. Methods Terrestrial (Pinguicula) and aquatic (Utricularia) carnivorous plants alongside autotrophic reference plants and potential prey from six sites in Germany and Austria were analysed for their stable isotope natural abundances (δ15N, δ13C). A two-source linear mixing model was applied to calculate the nutrient-uptake efficiency of carnivorous plants from pooled prey. Prey preferences were determined using a Bayesian inference isotope mixing model. Key Results Phytophagous prey represented the main contribution to the nutrition of Pinguicula (approx. 55 %), while higher trophic levels contributed a smaller amount (diverse approx. 27 %, zoophagous approx. 17 %). As well as around 48 % nitrogen, a small proportion of carbon (approx. 9 %) from prey was recovered in the tissue of plants. Aquatic Utricularia australis received 29 % and U. minor 21 % nitrogen from zooplankton when applying phytoplankton as the autotrophic reference. Conclusions The separation of prey animals into trophic levels revealed a major nutritional contribution of lower trophic level prey (phytophagous) for temperate Pinguicula species. Naturally, prey of higher trophic levels (diverse, zoophagous) are rarer, resulting in a smaller chance of being captured. Phytoplankton represents an adequate autotrophic reference for aquatic systems to estimate the contribution of zooplankton-derived nitrogen to the tissue of carnivorous plants. The autonomous firing of Utricularia bladders results in the additional capture of phytoplankton, calling for new aquatic references to determine the nutritional importance of phytoplankton for aquatic carnivorous plants.

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Elmannai, H., M. A. Loghmari, and M. S. Naceur. "TWO LEVELS FUSION DECISION FOR MULTISPECTRAL IMAGE PATTERN RECOGNITION." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-2/W2 (October 19, 2015): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-2-w2-69-2015.

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Major goal of multispectral data analysis is land cover classification and related applications. The dimension drawback leads to a small ratio of the remote sensing training data compared to the number of features. Therefore robust methods should be associated to overcome the dimensionality curse. The presented work proposed a pattern recognition approach. Source separation, feature extraction and decisional fusion are the main stages to establish an automatic pattern recognizer. The first stage is pre-processing and is based on non linear source separation. The mixing process is considered non linear with gaussians distributions. The second stage performs feature extraction for Gabor, Wavelet and Curvelet transform. Feature information presentation provides an efficient information description for machine vision projects. The third stage is a decisional fusion performed in two steps. The first step assign the best feature to each source/pattern using the accuracy matrix obtained from the learning data set. The second step is a source majority vote. Classification is performed by Support Vector Machine. Experimentation results show that the proposed fusion method enhances the classification accuracy and provide powerful tool for pattern recognition.

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Jara, Oscar, Peter J. Minogue, Viviana M. Berthoud, and Eric C. Beyer. "Levels and Modifications of Both Lens Fiber Cell Connexins Are Affected in Connexin Mutant Mice." Cells 11, no. 18 (September 7, 2022): 2786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11182786.

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In the lens, cell home ostasis and transparency are supported by intercellular communication facilitated by the channels formed of connexin46 (Cx46) and connexin50 (Cx50). Mutations of these connexins are linked to inherited cataracts. We studied the levels and the variations in electrophoretic mobilities of the immunoreactive Cx46 and Cx50 bands between 1 and 21 days after birth in the lenses of wild-type mice and homozygous animals from two different mouse models of connexin-linked cataracts (Cx46fs380 and Cx50D47A). In Cx50D47A mice, the expression of the mutant Cx50 reduced the normal phosphorylation of the co-expressed wild-type Cx46. In both models, levels of the mutant connexin and the co-expressed wild-type connexin decayed more rapidly than in wild-type mice but with different time courses. In the Cx46fs380 mice, modeling suggested that Cx50 degradation could be explained by the mixing of mutant Cx46 with wild-type Cx50. However, in Cx50D47A mice, similar modeling suggested that mixing alone could not explain the decrease in Cx46 levels. These data highlight the complex influences between two connexin proteins expressed in the same cell, some of which occur through direct mixing, while others occur indirectly, as in Cx50D47A mice, where the expression of the mutant connexin causes endoplasmic reticulum stress and impaired differentiation.

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Gallimore, S. J., and N. A. Cumpsty. "Spanwise Mixing in Multistage Axial Flow Compressors: Part I—Experimental Investigation." Journal of Turbomachinery 108, no. 1 (July 1, 1986): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3262019.

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Spanwise mixing has been shown to be an essential feature of multistage compressor aerodynamics. The cause of spanwise mixing in multistage axial flow compressors has been investigated directly by using an ethylene tracer gas technique in two low-speed, four-stage machines. The results show that the dominant mechanism is that of turbulent type diffusion and not the radial convection of flow properties as has been previously suggested. The mixing was also found to be substantially uniform in magnitude all the way across the span with levels similar to those found in two-dimensional turbulent wakes.

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Plesniak, Michael W., Rabindra D. Mehta, and James P. Johnston. "Curved two-stream turbulent mixing layers: three-dimensional structure and streamwise evolution." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 270 (July 10, 1994): 1–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112094004180.

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The three-dimensional structure and streamwise evolution of two-stream mixing layers at high Reynolds numbers (Reδ ∼ 2.7 × 104) were studied experimentally to determine the effects of mild streamwise curvature ($\delta/ \overline{R}$ < 3%). Mixing layers with velocity ratios of 0.6 and both laminar and turbulent initial boundary layers, were subjected to stabilizing and destabilizing longitudinal curvature (in the Taylor–Görtler sense). The mixing layer is affected by the angular momentum instability when the low-speed stream is on the outside of the curve, and it is stabilized when the streams are reversed so that the high-speed stream is on the outside. In both stable and unstable mixing layers, originating from laminar boundary layers, well-organized spatially stationary streamwise vorticity was generated, which produced significant spanwise variations in the mean velocity and Reynolds stress distributions. These vortical structures appear to result from the amplification of small incoming disturbances (as in the straight mixing layer), rather than through the Taylor–Görtler instability. Although the mean streamwise vorticity decayed with downstream distance in both cases, the rate of decay for the unstable case was lower. With the initial boundary layers on the splitter plate turbulent, spatially stationary streamwise vorticity was not generated in either the stable or unstable mixing layer. Linear growth was achieved for both initial conditions, but the rate of growth for the unstable case was higher than that of the stable case. Correspondingly, the far-field spanwise-averaged peak Reynolds stresses were significantly higher for the destabilized cases than for the stabilized cases, which exhibited levels comparable to, or slightly lower than, those for the straight case. A part of the Reynolds stress increase in the unstable layer is attributed to ‘extra’ production through terms in the transport equations which are activated by the angular momentum instability. Velocity spectra also indicated significant differences in the turbulence structure of the two cases, both in the near- and far-field regions.

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Livescu, D. "Numerical simulations of two-fluid turbulent mixing at large density ratios and applications to the Rayleigh–Taylor instability." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 371, no. 2003 (November 28, 2013): 20120185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0185.

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A tentative review is presented of various approaches for numerical simulations of two-fluid gaseous mixtures at high density ratios, as they have been applied to the Rayleigh–Taylor instability (RTI). Systems exhibiting such RTI behaviour extend from atomistic sizes to scales where the continuum approximation becomes valid. Each level of description can fit into a hierarchy of theoretical models and the governing equations appropriate for each model, with their assumptions, are presented. In particular, because the compressible to incompressible limit of the Navier–Stokes equations is not unique and understanding compressibility effects in the RTI critically depends on having the appropriate basis for comparison, two relevant incompressible limits are presented. One of these limits has not been considered before. Recent results from RTI simulations, spanning the levels of description presented, are reviewed in connection to the material mixing problem. Owing to the computational limitations, most in-depth RTI results have been obtained for the incompressible case. Two such results, concerning the asymmetry of the mixing and small-scale anisotropy anomaly, as well as the possibility of a mixing transition in the RTI, are surveyed. New lines for further investigation are suggested and it is hoped that bringing together such diverse levels of description may provide new ideas and increased motivation for studying such flows.

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Abdulloh, Abdulloh, Wahyu Ilahi, Ikhwan Muslim, Sarsono Sarsono, and Slamet Basuki. "Code Mixing Used by Youtuber - Nessie Judge’s Entitled “Pekerjaan-Pekerjaan yang Sudah Punah karena Teknologi”." JELL (Journal of English Language and Literature) STIBA-IEC Jakarta 9, no. 02 (August 31, 2024): 299–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.37110/jell.v9i02.240.

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The blending of two or more languages or linguistic subtypes in speech is known as code mixing. Code mixing widely used either in written or spoken language. Social media nowadays mostly use spoken form especially YouTube. The purposes of the research are to investigate the use of code mixing in Nessie Judge’s videos and try to describe the type of code mixing used by the youtuber. Descriptive qualitative method used to gain the data analysis. The code mixing then, analyzed into two types: intra sentential and intra lexical code mixing. Type of intra sentential then classified into three kinds: interrogative, declarative, and imperative. The intra sentential and intra lexical then classified into five levels: word, phrase, clause, idiom and baster. The result shows that there are 24 types of intra sentential and 1 type of intra lexical. From the sub type of sentential found 23 types of declarative, 1 interrogative, and no imperative type. While the level of code mixing found 12 words level, 5 phrases level, no idiom level, 8 clauses level, and 2 basters level.

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Chauhan, Richa, Fabio J. Mazzotti, Ranjini Raghunandan, Marek Tulej, Peter P. Radi, and John P. Maier. "Rotationally Resolved Ground State Vibrational Levels of HC2S Studied by Two-Color Resonant Four-Wave Mixing†." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 114, no. 9 (March 11, 2010): 3329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp909738n.

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Wisler, D. C., R. C. Bauer, and T. H. Okiishi. "Secondary Flow, Turbulent Diffusion, and Mixing in Axial-Flow Compressors." Journal of Turbomachinery 109, no. 4 (October 1, 1987): 455–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3262127.

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The relative importance of convection by secondary flows and diffusion by turbulence as mechanisms responsible for mixing in multistage, axial-flow compressors has been investigated by using the ethylene tracer-gas technique and hot-wire anemometry. The tests were conducted at two loading levels in a large, low-speed, four-stage compressor. The experimental results show that considerable cross-passage and spanwise fluid motion can occur and that both secondary flow and turbulent diffusion can play important roles in the mixing process, depending upon location in the compressor and loading level. In the so-called freestream region, turbulent diffusion appeared to be the dominant mixing mechanism. However, near the endwalls and along airfoil surfaces at both loading levels, the convective effects from secondary flow were of the same order of magnitude as, and in some cases greater than, the diffusive effects from turbulence. Calculations of the secondary flowfield and mixing coefficients support the experimental findings.

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Aravindh Kumar, SM, and Ethirajan Rathakrishnan. "Elliptic jet control with triangular tab." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 231, no. 8 (June 10, 2016): 1460–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410016652921.

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Elliptic jet mixing influenced by triangular tabs is demonstrated in this work. Mixing modification of a Mach 2 jet from a convergent-divergent elliptic nozzle of aspect ratio 2, in the presence of two triangular tabs along the major and minor axis at the nozzle exit, at different levels of nozzle expansion has been studied. The results show that the mixing caused by tabs along the minor axis is impressive compared to the uncontrolled jet at all the pressure ratios. But for tabs along the major axis, mixing enhancement is significant only for nozzle pressure ratios above 5. Tabs along the minor axis cause better mixing than tabs along the major axis. The iso-pitot pressure contours reveal that the tabs along the minor axis enhance the mixing by bifurcating the jet. Shadowgraphs show that the tabs render the waves in the jet weaker. The present study demonstrates the superior mixing promotion caused by triangular tab than rectangular tab, studied by Aravindh Kumar and Rathakrishnan (2015).

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Maruthupandiyan, K., and E. Rathakrishnan. "Supersonic jet control with shifted tabs." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 232, no. 3 (November 25, 2016): 433–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410016679197.

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Mixing characteristics of a Mach 2 jet controlled by shifted tabs have been studied at different levels of expansion at the nozzle exit. Two identical rectangular flat tabs of aspect ratios (length/width) 3, 4, 5 and 6, offering 2.5% blockage each, located diametrically opposite, found that the mixing promotion caused by the shifted tab increases with increase of adverse pressure gradient (that is, below NPR 5). On the contrary, the mixing enhancement caused by tab placed at the nozzle exit decreases with increase of adverse pressure gradient. At higher NPRs from 5 to 8 for shifted tab configuration, the amplitude of centerline pitot pressure oscillation is considerably smaller than the uncontrolled jet. At lower NPRs, corresponding to expansion level pe /pa, from 0.383 to 0.511, shifted tab is found to be a better mixing promoter than the tab at the nozzle exit. But for expansion levels from 0.511 to 1.022, mixing promoted by tab at nozzle exit is better than the shifted tabs. Shifted tab at 0.5D results in about 55% reduction in core length, at NPR 3, and the corresponding core length reduction by tabs at 0.25D, 0.5D, and 0D is 25.93%, 22.2%, and 14.81%, respectively.

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Ghaffar, Abdul, Abdul Samad, Muhammad Asif Raza, Asghar Abbas, Kashif Hussain, Hafeez Ur Rehman Ali Khera, Muhammad Umair Waqas, Rana Muhammad Shahbakht, Junaid Ali Khan, and Atif Rehman. "Effects of Dietary Levels of Vitamin E on Broiler Breeder Performance." BioScientific Review 6, no. 3 (August 27, 2024): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/bsr.63.06.

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Background. Broiler breeders can directly affect the production of broiler stock, so their performance is critical. Dietary supplements also play a crucial role in improving their performance. The current study aimed to investigate the impact of vitamin E supplements on broiler breeder performance, including egg production, hatching egg fertility, hatchability, and antibody titer against Newcastle disease and avian influenza. Method. A total of 1500 breeder hens were divided into five groups A, B, C, D, and E. Each group had five (05) replicates. The control group A received no treatment. Group B received 30 mg/kg of vitamin E through feed mixing, Group C received 45 mg/kg; Group D received 60 mg/kg, and Group E received 70 mg/kg of vitamin E through feed mixing. Treatments included two doses of vitamin E (30 and 70 mg/kg) and Zinc-L-selenomethionine and sodium selenite, the two sources of selenium. Results. The current study showed that egg production was not affected by dietary vitamin E levels or sources of vitamin E (p > 0.05). Compared to breeders fed 30mg at 29 weeks, the fertility and hatchability of eggs from breeders fed 70 mg/kg of vitamin E diet was also higher. Conclusion. The outcome of the current trial demonstrates that dietary supplements consisting of vitamin E (70mg/kg feed) and Zinc-L-selenomethionine may improve egg quality and incubation response.

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Elsalahy, Heba, Sonoko Bellingrath-Kimura, Timo Kautz, and Thomas Döring. "Effects of mixing two legume species at seedling stage under different environmental conditions." PeerJ 9 (February 2, 2021): e10615. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10615.

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While intercropping is known to have positive effects on crop productivity, it is unclear whether the effects of mixing species start at the early plant stage, that is, during germination. We tested whether the germination of two legume species, alsike clover and black medic, characterized by a contrasting response to water availability and temperature is affected by mixing. We set up four experiments in each of which we compared a 1:1 mixture against the two monocultures, and combined this with various other experimental factors. These additional factors were (i) varied seed densities (50%, 100% and 150% of a reference density) in two field trials in 2016 and 2017, (ii) varied seed densities (high and low) and water availability (six levels, between 25% and 100% of water holding capacity (WHC)) in a greenhouse pot trial, (iii) varied seed spacing in a climate chamber, and (iv) varied temperatures (12 °C, 20 °C and 28 °C) and water availability (four levels between 25% and 100% of WHC) in a climate chamber. Across all experiments, the absolute mixture effects (AME) on germination ranged between −9% and +11%, with a median of +1.3%. Within experiments, significant mixture effects were observed, but the direction of these effects was inconsistent. In the field, AME on germination was significantly negative at some of the tested seed densities. A positive AME was observed in the climate chamber at 12 °C, and the mean AME decreased with increasing temperature. Higher density was associated with decreased germination in the field, indicating negative interaction through competition or allelopathy, among seedlings. Our findings indicate that interaction among seeds in species mixtures may be ongoing during germination, but that the direction of the mixture effect is affected by complex interactions with abiotic and biotic factors.

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Kumar, Awadhesh, Chih-Chang Hsiao, Wen-Ching Hung, and Yuan-Pern Lee. "Highly predissociative levels of CH B 2Σ− state detected with two-color resonant four-wave mixing spectroscopy." Journal of Chemical Physics 109, no. 10 (September 8, 1998): 3824–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.476982.

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Liu, Ching-Ping, Scott A. Reid, and Yuan-Pern Lee. "Two-color resonant four-wave mixing spectroscopy of highly predissociated levels in the ÃA12 state of CH3S." Journal of Chemical Physics 122, no. 12 (March 22, 2005): 124313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1867333.

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Baskara, Ida Bagus Bas, Lutfi Suhendra, and Luh Putu Wrasiati. "Pengaruh Suhu Pencampuran dan Lama Pengadukan terhadap Karakteristik Sediaan Krim." JURNAL REKAYASA DAN MANAJEMEN AGROINDUSTRI 8, no. 2 (June 10, 2020): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jrma.2020.v08.i02.p05.

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This research aims to determine the effect of temperature and time of stirring on a basis cream and determine the temperature and time of stir which is the best treatment for producing basis cream. This research uses a randomized block design with two factorials. The first factor is temperature which is consists of 3 levels, temperature 60±20C, 70±20C and 80±20C. The second factor is the time of stirring which is consists of 3 levels 10, 15 and 20 minutes. From the combination of the two factors, were obtained of 9 experimental units. These treatments were grouped based on the time of implementation into two groups so that 18 experimental units. The observed variables are homogeneity, viscosity, adhesion, spread ability, separation ratio and pH. The data that obtained will be analyzed by analysis of variance and continued using the Tukey test. The treatment of mixing temperature and time of stirring affect the viscosity, adhesion, dispersion and separation ratio, while the treatment of mixing temperature and time of stirring did not significant effect on pH. The interaction between the two treatments can affects the adhesion, dispersion, separation ratio and pH, but not significantly affect viscosity. The treatment of mixing temperature 80±20C with time of stirring 20 minutes is the best treatment to produce basis cream with characteristic viscosity cream value of 46,000 cp, a adhesion time of 17.97 seconds, spread ability of 6.50 cm, a separation ratio of 0.83 and pH 6,45. Keywords: Mixing temperature, stirring time, cream characteristics, virgin coconut oil, cocoa butter.

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Stanford, McKenna W., Hugh Morrison, and Adam Varble. "Impacts of Stochastic Mixing in Idealized Convection-Permitting Simulations of Squall Lines." Monthly Weather Review 148, no. 12 (December 2020): 4971–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-20-0135.1.

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AbstractThis study investigates impacts of altering subgrid-scale mixing in “convection-permitting” kilometer-scale horizontal-grid-spacing (Δh) simulations by applying either constant or stochastic multiplicative factors to the horizontal mixing coefficients within the Weather Research and Forecasting Model. In quasi-idealized 1-km Δh simulations of two observationally based squall-line cases, constant enhanced mixing produces larger updraft cores that are more dilute at upper levels, weakens the cold pool, rear-inflow jet, and front-to-rear flow of the squall line, and degrades the model’s effective resolution. Reducing mixing by a constant multiplicative factor has the opposite effect on all metrics. Completely turning off parameterized horizontal mixing produces bulk updraft statistics and squall-line mesoscale structure closest to an LES “benchmark” among all 1-km simulations, although the updraft cores are too undilute. The stochastic mixing scheme, which applies a multiplicative factor to the mixing coefficients that varies stochastically in time and space, is employed at 0.5-, 1-, and 2-km Δh. It generally reduces midlevel vertical velocities and enhances upper-level vertical velocities compared to simulations using the standard mixing scheme, with more substantial impacts at 1- and 2-km Δh compared to 0.5-km Δh. The stochastic scheme also increases updraft dilution to better agree with the LES for one case, but has less impact on the other case. Stochastic mixing acts to weaken the cold pool but without a significant impact on squall-line propagation. It also does not affect the model’s overall effective resolution unlike applying constant multiplicative factors to the mixing coefficients.

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Li, Yuzhi, L. Wang, and Lee Johnston. "Effects of social rank on welfare and performance of gestating sows housed in two group sizes." Journal of Swine Health and Production 25, no. 6 (November 1, 2017): 290–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.54846/jshap/987.

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Objectives: To compare welfare and performance among low-, middle-, and high-ranking sows in two group sizes of gestation pens. Materials and methods: Pregnant sows (n = 152) were allocated to four pens of 26 sows (large-group pen) and eight pens of six sows (small-group pen) with floor feeding. Social rank was based on outcomes of aggression during mixing. Skin lesions were assessed for all sows and salivary cortisol concentrations were measured for 32 focal sows. Performance during gestation and lactation was recorded for all sows. Results: Across the two group sizes, low-ranking sows fought less frequently, but had higher salivary cortisol concentrations and sustained similar skin lesions at mixing compared to high-ranking sows. Low-ranking sows had more skin lesions 5 weeks after mixing, gained less weight during gestation, and had lower body weight before farrowing than high-ranking sows. Social rank did not affect litter size farrowed, litter size weaned, or litter weight at weaning. Implications: Under the conditions of this study, regardless of the group size adopted, low-ranking sows have poorer welfare than high-ranking sows in a group housing system with floor feeding, demonstrated by their having more skin lesions, higher cortisol levels, and less weight gain during the gestation period than high-ranking sows.

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Nikitopoulos, D. E., and J. T. C. Liu. "Nonlinear binary-mode interactions in a developing mixing layer." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 179 (June 1987): 345–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112087001563.

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In this paper we present the formulation and results of two-wave interactions in a spatially developing shear layer, directed at understanding and interpreting the physical mechanisms that underlie the results of quantitative observation. Our study confirms the existence of Kelly's mechanism that augments the growth of a subharmonic disturbance by extracting energy from its fundamental or vice versa. This mechanism is shown to be strongest in the region where the fundamental begins to return energy to the mean flow and the two wave modes are of comparable energy levels. It is found that the initial conditions and especially the initial phase angle between the two disturbances play a very significant role in the modal development and that of the shear layer itself. A doubling of the shear-layer thickness is shown to take place; the two successive plateaux in its growth are attributed to the peaking in the energy production rates of the fundamental and subharmonic fluctuations.

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Wolfe, Jace, and Erin C. Schafer. "Optimizing The Benefit of Sound Processors Coupled to Personal FM Systems." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 19, no. 08 (September 2008): 585–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.19.8.2.

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Background: Use of personal frequency modulated (FM) systems significantly improves speech recognition in noise for users of cochlear implants (CI). There are, however, a number of adjustable parameters of the cochlear implant and FM receiver that may affect performance and benefit, and there is limited evidence to guide audiologists in optimizing these parameters. Purpose: This study examined the effect of two sound processor audio-mixing ratios (30/70 and 50/50) on speech recognition and functional benefit for adults with CIs using the Advanced Bionics Auria® sound processors. Research Design: Fully-repeated repeated measures experimental design. Each subject participated in every speech-recognition condition in the study, and qualitative data was collected with subject questionnaires. Study Sample: Twelve adults using Advanced Bionics Auria sound processors. Participants had greater than 20% correct speech recognition on consonant-nucleus-consonant (CNC) monosyllabic words in quiet and had used their CIs for at least six months. Intervention: Performance was assessed at two audio-mixing ratios (30/70 and 50/50). For the 50/50 mixing ratio, equal emphasis is placed on the signals from the sound processor and the FM system. For the 30/70 mixing ratio, the signal from the microphone of the sound processor is attenuated by 10 dB. Data Collection and Analysis: Speech recognition was assessed at two audio-mixing ratios (30/70 and 50/50) in quiet (35 and 50 dB HL) and in noise (+5 signal-to-noise ratio) with and without the personal FM system. After two weeks of using each audio-mixing ratio, the participants completed subjective questionnaires. Results: Study results suggested that use of a personal FM system resulted in significant improvements in speech recognition in quiet at low-presentation levels, speech recognition in noise, and perceived benefit in noise. Use of the 30/70 mixing ratio resulted in significantly poorer speech recognition for low-level speech that was not directed to the FM transmitter. There was no significant difference in speech recognition in noise or functional benefit between the two audio-mixing ratios. Conclusions: Use of a 50/50 audio-mixing ratio is recommended for optimal performance with an FM system in quiet and noisy listening situations.

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Greenhalgh, David. "Bounds on Endemic Disease Levels, Risks and Basic Reproductive Numbers in Heterogenous Models for HIV/AIDS Amongst Injecting Drug Users." Journal of Biological Systems 05, no. 02 (June 1997): 151–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339097000126.

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In this paper we examine the effect of heterogenous mixing on the spread of HIV and AIDS amongst a population of injecting drug users. We consider heterogeneity in addicts' shooting gallery visiting rates, their syringe cleaning probabilities and their choice of shooting gallery. We discuss two models. In the first the size of the populations of the different groups of drug users are assumed to be constant whereas the second models recruitment of new drug users into the population and their attrition due to HIV and AIDS. We show that homogenous visiting and cleaning and completely random choice of needles minimises both the basic reproductive number Ro and the equilibrium probability that any given type of addict is exposed to HIV on any single visit. If in addition all addicts have the same preferences for different shooting galleries then homogenous mixing minimises the fraction of needles infected and the equilibrium probability that an addict arriving at a shooting gallery is infected. Simulations with realistic parameter values confirm these results and the importance of heterogeneity in the model. Our simulations indicate that it is possible for homogenous mixing to maximise the overall fraction of addicts infected.

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Jabbar Younis, Taghreed Abdull. "MULTIPLE MIXING RATIOS OF GAMMA RAY TRANSITIONS FROM (_60^(142- 150))Nd (n,n^ˊ γ) (_60^(142- 150))Nd REACTION USING a_2- RATIO METHOD." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 8 (August 31, 2019): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i8.2019.657.

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In the current work, the mixing ratios ( ) of gamma transitions were calculated from energy levels in the isotopes neodymium populated in the using the ratio method. We used the experimental coefficient ( ) for two γ-transitions from the initial state itself, the statistical tensor , associated with factor , would be the same for the two transitions. The results obtained are in good agreement or within the experimental error with -those previously published. And existing contradictions resulting from inaccuracies in the empirical results of previous work. The current results confirm that the method is used to calculate the values of mixing ratios and the feasibility of this method in predicting errors in experimental results.

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Simoes, Jefferson E., Eduardo Ferreira, Daniel S. Menasch´e, and Carlos A. V. Campos. "Blockchain Privacy Through Merge Avoidance and Mixing Services." ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review 48, no. 4 (May 17, 2021): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3466826.3466831.

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Cryptocurrencies typically aim at preserving the privacy of their users. Different cryptocurrencies preserve privacy at various levels, some of them requiring users to rely on strategies to raise the privacy level to their needs. Among those strategies, we focus on two of them: merge avoidance and mixing services. Such strategies may be adopted on top of virtually any blockchain-based cryptocurrency. In this paper, we show that whereas optimal merge avoidance leads to an NP-hard optimization problem, incentive-compatible mixing services are subject to a certain class of impossibility results. Together, our results contribute to the body of work on fundamental limits of privacy mechanisms in blockchainbased cryptocurrencies.

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Zhang, Jianwei, and Yulong Chen. "Experimental Study on Mitigations of Seismic Settlement and Tilting of Structures by Adopting Improved Soil Slab and Soil Mixing Walls." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (November 6, 2018): 4069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114069.

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Settlement of surface structures due to subsoil liquefaction is a big issue in geotechnical engineering. It has been happening during earthquakes in liquefaction-prone areas for many years. Mitigations have been proposed for this problem. The improved soil slabs and vertical mixing soil walls combined with lowering ground water levels (GWLs) were proposed in this study. Experiments were carried out by adopting a 1-g shaking table test. Two different soil densities with uniform and eccentric loads were included. Combined with lowering GWLs, three different soil slabs with a length of 40, 60 and 80 cm and two different mixing walls with soil and plastic were studied and compared. Results show that the horizontal soil slabs have good performance to reduce the settlement of structures. On the other hand, the vertical soil mixing walls did not reduce the settlement effectively, but its performance could be improved by lowering of GWLs.

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Makraduli, Liljana, Petre Makreski, Filip Makraduli, Irena Slaveska-Spirevska, Tanja Bakovska-Stoimenova, Elena Lazarevska-Todevska, Marjan Piponski, et al. "Design of Experiments (DoE)-based approach for improvement of dry mixing processes in the production of low-dose Alprazolam tablets using Raman spectroscopy for content uniformity monitoring." Arhiv za farmaciju 73, no. 1 (2023): 35–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/arhfarm73-41376.

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A low-dose tablet formulation, containing a potent Benzodiazepine derivative Alprazolam was developed, considering the achievement of appropriate content uniformity of the active substance in powder blends and tablets as a major challenge. Two different types of lactose monohydrate (Tablettose 80 and Granulac 200) and two different types of dry mixing processes (high-shear mixing and "in bulk" mixing) were employed. To evaluate the influence of the variables (mixing speed, mixing time, filling level of the high-shear and cube mixer, lactose monohydrate type) and their interactions upon the response (content uniformity of Alprazolam in the powder blends), a Factorial 2 4 design (with 4 factors at 2 levels in 1 block) was generated for each type of mixer. For high-shear dry mixing the Response Surface, D-optimal Factorial 2 4 design (with 2 replications and 31 experiments) was used, while for the "in bulk" dry mixing the Response Surface, Central Composite Factorial 2 4 design (with 34 experiments) was used. The process parameters for the high-shear mixer were varied within the following ranges: filling level of 70-100%, impeller mixing speed of 50-300 rpm and mixing time of 2-10 minutes. For the cube mixer the following process parameter ranges were employed: filling level of 30-60%, mixing speed of 20-390 rpm and mixing time of 2-10 minutes. Raman spectroscopy in conjunction with a validated Partial Least Square (PLS) regression model was used as a Process Analytical Technology (PAT) tool for Alprazolam content determination and content uniformity monitoring. The DoE model was further employed to optimize the powder blending process in regard to the achievement of appropriate Alprazolam content uniformity using high-shear mixing and Tabletosse 80 as filler. The desirability function revealed that the following process parameters: a mixing time of 2 minutes, a mixing speed of 300 rpm and a 70% filling level of the mixer would produce powder blends with the lowest variability in Alprazolam content. The three independent lab batches of low-dose Alprazolam tablets, produced with high-shear mixing using these process parameters, conformed to the requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia for content (assay) of Alprazolam and uniformity of the dosage units.

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Zhu, Yuchao, and Rong-Hua Zhang. "A Modified Vertical Mixing Parameterization for Its Improved Ocean and Coupled Simulations in the Tropical Pacific." Journal of Physical Oceanography 49, no. 1 (January 2019): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-18-0100.1.

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AbstractClimate models suffer from significant biases over the tropical Pacific Ocean, including a too-cold cold tongue and too-warm temperature at the depth of the thermocline. The emergence of model biases can be partly attributed to vertical mixing parameterizations, in which there are great uncertainties in selections of functional forms and empirical parameters. In this paper, the impacts of two different vertical mixing schemes on the tropical Pacific temperature simulations are investigated using version 5 of the Modular Ocean Model (MOM5). One vertical mixing scheme is the widely used K-profile parameterization (KPP) scheme, and the other is a hybrid mixing scheme (the Chen scheme) by combining a Kraus–Turner-type bulk mixed layer (ML) model with Peters et al.’s shear instability mixing model (PGT model). It is shown that the Chen scheme works better than the KPP scheme for SST simulation but produces an exaggerated subsurface warm bias simultaneously. The better SST simulation can be attributed to the employment of the PGT model, which produces lower levels of shear instability mixing than its counterpart in the KPP scheme. Furthermore, a modified KPP scheme is presented in which its shear instability mixing model and constant background diffusivity are replaced by the PGT model and the Argo-derived background diffusivity, respectively. This new scheme is then employed into MOM5-based ocean-only and coupled simulations, demonstrating substantial improvements in temperature simulations over the tropical Pacific. The modified KPP scheme can be easily employed into other ocean models, offering an effective way to improve ocean simulations.

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Catena, Alexandra M., Jie Zhang, Roisin Commane, Lee T. Murray, Margaret J. Schwab, Eric M. Leibensperger, Joseph Marto, Mackenzie L. Smith, and James J. Schwab. "Hydrogen Sulfide Emission Properties from Two Large Landfills in New York State." Atmosphere 13, no. 8 (August 6, 2022): 1251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13081251.

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Landfills are a source of malodors, greenhouse gases, harmful pollutants, pests, noise, and litter. To reduce their impact on neighboring communities, landfill facilities and the policies they follow must reduce emissions of trace gases such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methane (CH4). However, a comprehensive understanding of the spatial variability of both pollutants at landfills should first be established to obtain a clear picture of emissions at landfills. This study measured the mixing ratios of H2S and CH4 at two landfills in New York State (Fresh Kills Landfill and Seneca Meadows Landfill) in November 2021 using laser-based methods deployed in a mobile lab. H2S emission fluxes were estimated based on a mass balance calculation. The highest mixing ratios of both H2S and CH4 were measured at Fresh Kills Landfill, at up to 7 parts per billion (ppb) and ~140 parts per million (ppm), respectively, yet these values resulted in a low ΔH2S/ΔCH4 ratio, at approximately 5.2 ± 2.6 × 10−5 mol mol−1 and a H2S emission flux of 0.02 ± 0.01 mg m−2 day−1. The highest ΔH2S/ΔCH4 ratio was observed at the Seneca Meadows Landfill at 8.6 ± 4.3 × 10−4 mol mol−1 and yielded a H2S emission flux estimate of 17.7 ± 12.9 mg m−2-day−1. The variability in mixing ratios and ΔH2S/ΔCH4 ratios measured at the landfills can be attributed to various factors, including facility operations and design, landfill age, meteorology, types of waste, and pH levels, but further multiday measurements are needed at each landfill to improve emission estimates and determine a more accurate and resolute reasoning behind these variations.

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Jin, Wei-Guo, Hiroaki Ono, and Tatsuya Minowa. "Isotope Shifts in High Lying Levels of Dy I and Er I by High-Resolution UV Laser Spectroscopy." International Journal of Spectroscopy 2011 (November 29, 2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/578374.

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High-resolution atomic-beam ultraviolet (UV) laser spectroscopy in Dy I and Er I has been performed. Isotope shifts have been measured for two transitions in Dy I and one transition in Er I. Specific mass shifts and field shifts have been derived for the studied transitions, and large differences between the two – transitions in Dy I have been found. From the derived specific mass shifts and field shifts, configuration mixing at the upper levels of transitions has been discussed.

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Chitimada, Narendra Kumar, and Kalyan P. Sinhamahapatra. "Numerical Study on Mixing Characteristics of Circular and Non Circular Jets." Defence Science Journal 74, no. 2 (March 26, 2024): 206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.74.19626.

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The study of non-circular jet flows has become important due to their various applications such as aircraft exhaust, combustion chambers and injectors. The goal of present paper is to examine the impact of elliptical, square, and triangular shaped orifices on the mixing characteristics of a free jet with Mach number 0.8. Numerical simulations using an SST K-ω two-equation turbulence model were conducted with a Reynolds number of 3.46×105 for all cases. The mean velocity, decay rate, half-velocity width, spread rate, and turbulence intensity of the jet were analysed. The results showed that the triangular orifice provided the best mixing efficiency, with a shorter jet core length. The decay rate was found to be lowest for the square jet and highest for the triangular jet, which matches with the previous research. The asymmetric jets experienced two axis-switching points, while the square jet experienced a 450 rotation of its axes but no axis-switching. The core region had lower turbulence levels, while the highest turbulence levels were in the shear layer.

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Asman, W. A. H., M. G. Lawrence, C. A. M. Brenninkmeijer, P. J. Crutzen, J. W. M. Cuijpers, and P. Nédélec. "Rarity of upper-tropospheric low O3 mixing ratio events during MOZAIC flights." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 3, no. 5 (September 29, 2003): 1541–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-1541-2003.

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Abstract. Only a few previous observations of very low O3 mixing ratios in the upper troposphere are available. The aim of this study was to examine the rich MOZAIC data set for more. Flights with at least 25 4 s averaged mixing ratios less than 8 ppbv at pressures lower than 500 hPa measured using commercial aircraft within the MOZAIC project have been analysed. There are eleven flights that fulfil these conditions (excluding artefacts as discussed below), representing about 0.001% of all measurements during the analysed period August 1994-December 1997. The low O3 events occurred over Southeast Asia, Africa, Brazil and the sea area 200 km east of Florida (US) and were all likely to be associated with transport of air masses from tropical sea areas. These low mixing ratio events occur in the upper troposphere during periods with generally low mixing ratios. They are not only found over sea, but also over land at pressure levels as low as 179 hPa. It could well be that some of the low O3 mixing ratio events measured during two or more flights belong to the same bigger low O3 mixing ratio area.

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Manshoor, Bukhari, M. Z. Mat Loddin, Amir Khalid, and Izzuddin Zaman. "Effect of Porosity on Circle Grid Perforated Plate Performance as a Static Mixer in Laminar Flow." Applied Mechanics and Materials 786 (August 2015): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.786.188.

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Mixing is one of the important processes to the many industries. Fluid mixing process typically involves three phases of fluid in the form of liquids, gases and solids. To obtain a desired type of mixing, one of the devices that can be use is a static mixer. In this study, a perforated plate static mixer with circle grid fractal design with two grades of porosity which are 50% and 75% will introduce. The purpose of implementing the two grades porosity of perforated plate in this study is to determine a performance of the two static mixers. In order to achieve the objective, the simulations of mixing fluid were carried out by using ANSYS CFX software. The simulation was carrying out primarily in cylindrical pipe with insertions of circle grid perforated plate. Three levels of laminar flow had been used which is Reynolds numbers (Re) equal to 100, 200 and 400. The performance of circle grid perforated plate static mixer will be evaluated by determining the Coefficient of Variation (COV). The simulation results also were compared in term of homogeneity level of mixing fluids to the Kenics static mixer. Based on the simulation results, the value of COV at selected plane in pipeline simulated for Kenics static mixer and the two grades porosity of perforated plate at Re = 400 are 0.000703, 0.0247and 0.00427 respectively. Since the values of COV between 0.01 and 0.05 are a reasonable target for many industry applications, the results for new approach of static mixer represent completely homogeneous mixing fluid for this application. Definitely this new approach of circle grid perforated plate with fractal design gave better results because of lower number of inserts and simple design of static mixer.

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Guedri, Abdessalam, Fatma Abdallah, Nourhen Mefteh, Noureddine Hamdi, Oscar Baeza-Urrea, Jean-Frank Wagner, and Mohamed Faouzi Zagrarni. "Addition of Phosphogypsum to Fire-Resistant Plaster Panels: A Physic–Mechanical Investigation." Inorganics 11, no. 1 (January 9, 2023): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11010035.

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Gypsum (GPS) has great potential for structural fire protection and is increasingly used in construction due to its high-water retention and purity. However, many researchers aim to improve its physical and mechanical properties by adding other organic or inorganic materials such as fibers, recycled GPS, and waste residues. This study used a novel method to add non-natural GPS from factory waste (phosphogypsum (PG)) as a secondary material for GPS. This paper proposes to mix these two materials to properly study the effect of PG on the physico-mechanical properties and fire performance of two Tunisian GPSs (GPS1 and GPS2). PG initially replaced GPS at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% weight percentage (mixing plan A). The PGs were then washed with distilled water several times. Two more mixing plans were run when the pH of the PG was equal to 2.4 (mixing plan B), and the pH was equal to 5 (mixing plan C). Finally, a comparative study was conducted on the compressive strength, flexural strength, density, water retention, and mass loss levels after 90 days of drying, before/after incineration of samples at 15, 30, 45, and 60 min. The results show that the mixture of GPS1 and 30% PG (mixing plan B) obtained the highest compressive strength (41.31%) and flexural strength (35.03%) compared to the reference sample. The addition of 10% PG to GPS1 (mixing plan A) improved fire resistance (33.33%) and the mass loss (17.10%) of the samples exposed to flame for 60 min compared to GPS2. Therefore, PG can be considered an excellent insulating material, which can increase physico-mechanical properties and fire resistance time of plaster under certain conditions.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Two levels of mixing'

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