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1
A comprehensive guide to factorial two-level experimentation. Dordrecht: Springer, 2009.
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Clarke, Alan. CLAIT Plus level two IT user qualification. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 2003.
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Bashkatov, Aleksandr, Roman Zasedatelev, and Evgeniy Sumerkin. Computer programs in the electric power industry. Workshop. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1048798.
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The workshop consists of two chapters. The first one is basic, in the form of 10 works aimed at studying primary-level application programs. The second-extended-contains guidelines for seven works with software complexes (systems "Electric", DIALux) and a description of the application of programs for project purposes (calculation of the crossbar, sPlan, "1-2-3 Scheme", etc.). Along with the practical section, each topic includes reference and information support in the form of theoretical material. The papers contain basic information about the operations performed with mandatory references to specialized literature, including a review of standard examples and individual tasks in the applications section for monitoring the knowledge gained. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation. For students in the specialty "Power supply (by industry)" when conducting laboratory work on the academic discipline "Electrical Engineering", as well as when solving design problems, during course and diploma design, organizing practices. It can be useful not only for students of electric power specialties, but also for anyone who, by the nature of their activity, is faced with the need to perform calculations of electric networks using a computer.
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Adobe Illustrator Cs, Level Two (Essentials for Design). Prentice Hall, 2004.
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Bagley, Dean. Adobe Illustrator Cs, Level Two (Essentials for Design). Prentice Hall, 2004.
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6
Terranova, Aimee, and Gary Poyssick. Adobe Photoshop Cs2, Level Two (Essentials for Design). 2nd ed. Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006.
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Bagley, Dean. Macromedia Flash 8, Level Two (Essentials for Design). Prentice Hall, 2007.
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Adobe Photoshop Cs2, Level Two (Essentials for Design). Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006.
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Bagley, Dean. Macromedia Flash 8, Level Two (Essentials for Design). Prentice Hall, 2007.
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Essentials for Design Macromedia Flash 8 Level Two (2nd Edition) (Essentials for Design). Prentice Hall, 2006.
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Poyssick, Gary. Essentials for Design Adobe(R) Photoshop(R) CS - Level two (Essentials for Design). Prentice Hall, 2004.
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12
McAllister, Robin B. Essentials for Design Adobe(R) InDesign(R) CS- Level two (Essentials for Design). Prentice Hall, 2004.
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13
Poyssick, Gary. Essentials for Design Adobe(R) Photoshop(R) CS - Level two (Essentials for Design). Prentice Hall, 2004.
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14
Bagley, Dean. Essentials for Design Macromedia Flash 8 Level Two (2nd Edition) (Essentials for Design). 2nd ed. Prentice Hall, 2006.
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15
Terranova, Aimee. Essentials for Design Adobe Photoshop CS2, Level Two (2nd Edition) (Essentials for Design). 2nd ed. Prentice Hall, 2006.
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McAllister, Robin B. Essentials for Design Adobe(R) InDesign(R) CS- Level two (Essentials for Design). Prentice Hall, 2004.
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17
Terranova, Aimee. Essentials for Design Adobe Photoshop CS2, Level Two (2nd Edition) (Essentials for Design). Prentice Hall, 2006.
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18
McAllister, Robin B. Essentials for Design Adobe InDesign CS 2, Level Two (2nd Edition) (Essentials for Design). 2nd ed. Prentice Hall, 2005.
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19
Bagley, Dean. Essentials for Design Adobe Illustrator CS 2, Level Two (2nd Edition) (Essentials for Design). Prentice Hall, 2005.
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20
McAllister, Robin B. Essentials for Design Adobe InDesign CS 2, Level Two (2nd Edition) (Essentials for Design). Prentice Hall, 2005.
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21
Bagley, Dean. Essentials for Design Adobe Illustrator CS 2, Level Two (2nd Edition) (Essentials for Design). 2nd ed. Prentice Hall, 2005.
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22
Thorlakson, Lori. Multi-Level Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833505.001.0001.
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All federal systems face an internal tension between divisive and integrative political forces, striking a balance between providing local autonomy and representation on one hand and maintaining an integrated political community on the other hand. How multi-level systems strike this balance depends on the development of styles of either integrated politics, which creates a shared framework for political competition across the units of a federation, or independent politics, preserving highly autonomous arenas of political life. This book argues that the long-term development of integrated or independent styles of politics in multi-level systems can be shaped by two key elements of federal institutional design: the degree of fiscal decentralization, or how much is ‘at stake’ at each level of government, and the degree to which the allocation of policy jurisdiction creates legislative or administrative interdependence or autonomy. These elements of federal institutional design shape integrated and independent politics at the level of party organizations, party systems, and voter behaviour. This book tests these arguments using a mixed-method approach, drawing on original survey data from 250 subnational party leaders and aggregate electoral data from over 2,200 subnational elections in seven multi-level systems: Canada, the United States, Australia, Austria, Germany, Switzerland, and Spain. It supplements this with configurational analysis and qualitative case studies.
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Ovodenko, Alexander. Producers, Trade Groups, and the Design of Global Environmental Regimes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190677725.003.0006.
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The chapter provides a macro-level analysis of the legalization, standardization, and integration of global environmental rules. The statistical tests rely on two new datasets on global treaty regimes and business stakeholders in those regimes. The results demonstrate that treaty regimes that regulate oligopolistic industries tend to become integrated over time with protocols, amendments, and similar agreements that add new rules or institutions to the international regime. They also consist of legally binding agreements, not soft law commitments by parties, and standardized rules applicable to all member states or categories of member states. By contrast, treaty regimes that regulate competitive markets tend to become more disintegrated (or unintegrated) over time. These international regimes are also legal hybrids because they consist of hard and soft law, and often give countries the responsibility to make nationally specific commitments. Producer-level concentrations significantly constrain the design of global environmental treaty regimes.
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Computer-Based Methods for Constructing Two-Level Fractional Factorial Experimental Designs with a Requirement Set. Storming Media, 2001.
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Roberson, Loriann, Carol T. Kulik, and Rae Yunzi Tan. Effective Diversity Training. Edited by Quinetta M. Roberson. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199736355.013.0019.
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Diversity training is an important and widely used component of organizational diversity management initiatives. This chapter reviews theory and research on diversity training design, delivery, evaluation, and effectiveness. The review suggests that in the past 10 to 15 years of research, advancements have been made on several fronts. The research literature on diversity training includes frameworks for pretraining needs assessment, learning models to guide diversity training design choices, and empirical evidence of diversity training’s impact on training outcomes. However, the review also notes two major shortcomings. First, research has emphasized diversity training’s effect on short-term changes in trainees’ knowledge and attitudes, neglecting longer-term changes in their skills and behavior. Second, research has emphasized diversity training’s effect on individual-level learning outcomes, neglecting its impact on team- and organization-level outcomes. These shortcomings are unlikely to be addressed unless scholars and practitioners engage in more collaborative field-based research on diversity training.
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Karakoç, Ekrem. Divergent Paths of Inequality in Poland and the Czech Republic. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826927.003.0004.
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Employing most similar design and process-tracing methodology, this chapter focuses on Poland and the Czech Republic in the postcommunist region. It discusses the divergent paths these two countries have taken since their transitions. After discussing the similarities and dissimilarities of these two cases, it turns to the welfare policies shared by both countries with some differences under their former communist rule. It also traces voter turnout and linkage between political party and citizens, and explores how these two factors have affected social policies in each country. The last section offers a comparison of Polish and Czech social policies regarding the level and nature of their targeted spending and its effect on income inequality.
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Bogdanović, Jelena. Nested in Its Own Shape. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190465186.003.0006.
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The concepts of total design of the Byzantine church based on the micro-architecture of canopies allow the expansion of their scale to include a macro-scale relative to the space in which they are found and which they denote. Two ultimate architectural models for the embodiment of the heavenly and earthly Jerusalem in a Byzantine-rite church are the Temple and the Holy Sepulchre. By focusing on Hagia Sophia, these two concepts and related architectural models are especially highlighted: first, the Biblical architectural models carried on the level of ideas—the Ark, the Tabernacle, the Temple, Heavenly Jerusalem—and second, the Tomb of Christ in Jerusalem as the seminal Christian site that palpably carried the pervasive salvific messages from the Holy Land to the Byzantine believers.
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Magnusson, Thor, and Alex McLean. Performing with Patterns of Time. Edited by Roger T. Dean and Alex McLean. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190226992.013.21.
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Music is a time-based art form often characterized by patternings; manipulations of sequences over time. Composers and performers may think in terms of patterns, although the structure of patterned sequences is often not made explicit in musical notation. This chapter explores how musical sequences can be created and transformed in real-time performance through patterning functions. Topics related to the use of algorithms for pattern making are discussed, and two systems are introduced—ixi lang and TidalCycles, as high-level and expressive minilanguages for musical pattern. These two systems are constrained, purpose-built live coding systems, and with such systems has come rethinking about the computer language design and purpose, where performance and the conception of the code as something that be sculpted in real time is given a high priority.
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Cheyne, Peter. Coleridge’s ‘Order of the Mental Powers’ and the Energic–Energetic Distinction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799511.003.0011.
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Coleridge’s ‘Order of the Mental Powers’ (OMP) in the context of what he identifies as the energic–energetic distinction is discussed in Chapter 10. The OMP diagram is used to show Coleridge as a two-level theorist, with the higher and lower levels capable of participation across a fundamental difference. Coleridge is thus a thinker communicating the dynamics of thought within an overarching concern for the ‘energies of Reason’. The restless, flowing, and challenging quality of his writings is therefore balanced by, and subordinated to, the higher level of intellection that he held as a spiritual conatus straining towards ultimate ends and meaningful values. In this two-level theory, energetic desire, pleasure, psychological forces of association, and the ‘mechanical’ understanding operate more naturally on the lower level, while the higher understanding, imagination, and ‘Positive Reason’ work within the enérgeia of free will in the higher mind.
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Jones, David K. Exchange Politics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190677237.001.0001.
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The Affordable Care Act (ACA) required that each state set up a health insurance exchange or lose control to the federal government. Because Republicans had supported the concept before it became part of Obamacare, virtually every state was expected to cooperate and implement this core part of the law. However, 34 states refused to participate. This is a stunning miscalculation by the Obama administration. This book tells the story of what happened in the final two states to choose state control and the two that came the closest. The most intense split was not between Republicans and Democrats, but within the Republican Party. Governors were the most important people in the fight over exchanges, but did not always get their way. The Tea Party defeated the most powerful interest groups. State-level and national conservative think tanks were important allies to the Tea Party. The relative power of these groups was shaped by differences in institutional design and procedures, such as whether a state has term limits and the length of legislative sessions. Opposition was more easily overcome in states whose conditions facilitated the development of legislative “pockets of expertise.” This is a dramatic example of opponents using federalism to block national reform and serves as a warning of the challenge of inducing state cooperation in other policy domains such as the environment and education. Understanding the state-level fights over the ACA’s implementation is crucial to understanding the impact of future reforms.
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Barkin, J. Samuel, ed. The Social Construction of State Power. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529209839.001.0001.
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The relationship between realism and constructivism in international relations theory is a fraught one. The two paradigmatic framings of IR are often understood, and taught, as being in opposition to each other. The relationship is also an important one. Realism and constructivism are two of the central concepts around which the academic discipline is organized and are often presented as incompatible or paradigmatically irreconcilable. A number of scholars have argued, however, that the two are compatible. But these discussions have tended to be at a theoretical rather than applied level; they have opened up spaces for discussions of the relationship between the two understandings, but they have not necessarily given clear guidance to scholars for how to combine realism and constructivism as parts of a specific research design. In part this is because there are a variety of ways in which one could reasonably combine the two. Realist constructivism is in this sense a space for a conversation between the two understandings, rather than a specific combination of them. This volume provides a set of examples of applications of different realist constructivisms and an analysis of where they fit in this conversation, and how they speak to each other. Providing such a set of examples both helps to establish the range of the possible in the conversation between realism and constructivism as a set of research practices rather than deductive claims and provides examples to junior scholars of how to build research programs that combine constructivism and realism.
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Duffley, Patrick. Linguistic Meaning Meets Linguistic Form. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850700.001.0001.
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This book steers a middle course between two opposing conceptions that currently dominate the field of semantics, the logical and cognitive approaches. It brings to light the inadequacies of both frameworks, and argues along with the Columbia School that linguistic semantics must be grounded on the linguistic sign itself and the meaning it conveys across the full range of its uses. The book offers 12 case studies demonstrating the explanatory power of a sign-based semantics, dealing with topics such as complementation with aspectual and causative verbs, control and raising, wh- words, full-verb inversion, and existential-there constructions. It calls for a radical revision of the semantics/pragmatics interface, proposing that the dividing-line be drawn between semiologically-signified notional content (i.e. what is linguistically encoded) and non-semiologically-signified notional content (i.e. what is not encoded but still communicated). This highlights a dimension of embodiment that concerns the basic design architecture of human language itself: the ineludable fact that the fundamental relation on which language is based is the association between a mind-engendered meaning and a bodily produced sign. It is argued that linguistic analysis often disregards this fact and treats meaning on the level of the sentence or the construction, rather than on that of the lower-level linguistic items where the linguistic sign is stored in a stable, permanent, and direct relation with its meaning outside of any particular context. Building linguistic analysis up from the ground level provides it with a more solid foundation and increases its explanatory power.
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Wagenaar, Hendrik, Helga Amesberger, and Sietske Altink. Summary and conclusion. Policy Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447324249.003.0007.
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The final chapter of the book summarises its main results and conclusions. It formulates two insights. First, prostitution policy is fragile. Legalisation and decriminalisation are easily reversed, and revert back to criminalisation and heavy-handed regulation and control. This is a complex process that, triggered by the ever present sigma on prostitution and a dominant neo-abolitionist discourse, largely occurs at the local level, thereby deviating from, and even undoing, national policymaking. Second, without a detailed exposition and analysis of the design and implementation of prostitution policy at different scales of governance, statements about its nature or outcomes remain necessarily superficial and are at worst misleading. We conclude with the question: What can policy makers do to negotiate the complexity and unpredictability of the prostitution domain? Stimulating variation, facilitating new communication lines and selecting and promoting solutions that work are general strategies for effectively navigating such complexity. This requires the inclusion of stakeholders, particularly of more vulnerable groups such as sex workers, in policy formulation and implementation.
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Eaton, Kent. Policy Regime Juxtaposition in Ecuador. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198800576.003.0004.
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This chapter examines Ecuador as a case of policy regime juxtaposition, marked by the success of the first type of subnational policy challenge and the failure of the second. With respect to the first challenge, two dynamic mayors on the right of the political spectrum—León Febres Cordero (1992–2000) and Jaime Nebot (2000–18)—were able to design, build, and consolidate a distinctly neoliberal model in the critical port city of Guayaquil. Thanks to high levels of administrative capacity and strong internal coalitions, the architects of this model subsequently managed to defend it in the face of repeated assaults after 2006 by leftist President Rafael Correa. While the mayor of Guayaquil has managed to defend its neoliberal policy regime, he and his allies have been unable to moderate the President’s statist project at the national level owing to Guayaquil’s declining structural leverage and the absence of external coalitions with other like-minded subnational officials.
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Kovács, Antal Ferenc. Green Financial Perspectives - Proceeds of the Central European Scientific Conference on Green Finance and Sustainable Development, October 2020. Edited by Géza Salamin. Corvinus University of Budapest, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14267/978-963-503-890-9.
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This publication presents eleven selected articles in two thematic chapters. The chapter titled Institutions and Instruments is focused on the role of institutions, among them the central banks, as well as various financial instruments designed to pursue sustainability at the micro-level, such as corporate reporting on environmental, social and governance performance (ESG), the pricing of carbon, and performance of stock exchange listed shares etc.. The wealth perspective is presented as a framework that offers a comprehensive approach to the issue of sustainability. Articles in the second chapter provide climate and sustainability insights at the macro level in the regions of Central-Asia, the Middle-East and Europe.
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Abdelaaty, Lamis Elmy. Discrimination and Delegation. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197530061.001.0001.
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What explains state responses to the refugees they receive? This book identifies two puzzling patterns: states open their borders to some refugee groups while blocking others (discrimination), and a number of countries have given the United Nations (UN) control of asylum procedures and refugee camps on their territory (delegation). To explain this selective exercise of sovereignty, the book develops a two-part theoretical framework in which policymakers in refugee-receiving countries weigh international and domestic concerns. Internationally, leaders use refugees to reassure allies and exert pressure on rivals. Domestically, policymakers have incentives to favor those refugee groups with whom they share an ethnic identity. When these international and domestic incentives conflict, shifting responsibility to the UN allows policymakers to placate both refugee-sending countries and domestic constituencies. The book then carries out a “three-stage, multi-level” research design in which each successive step corroborates and elaborates the findings of the preceding stage. The first stage involves statistical analysis of asylum admissions worldwide. The second stage presents two country case studies: Egypt (a country that is broadly representative of most refugee recipients) and Turkey (an outlier that has limited the geographic application of the Refugee Convention). The third stage zooms in on sub- or within-country dynamics in Kenya (home to one of the largest refugee populations in the world) through content analysis of parliamentary proceedings. Studying state responses to refugees is instructive because it can help explain why states sometimes assert, and at other times cede, their sovereignty in the face of refugee rights.
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Jordahl, Henrik, and Mårten Blix. Privatizing Welfare Services. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867210.001.0001.
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The Swedish welfare state is known for providing extensive services to its citizens. Much less well known is that a fair amount of the services are delivered by private for-profit firms. The first steps of privatization were taken in the mid-1980s for childcare services at the municipal level, and the government often found itself scrambling to introduce regulation afterwards. Other sectors were subsequently privatized, most notably through an extensive voucher scheme to provide choice in compulsory and upper-secondary education. A key question throughout this process has been how to maintain the Swedish egalitarian ethos while undergoing extensive privatization. How has the country managed to reap the benefits from market forces without endangering equitable outcomes? The Swedish system is no middle road between socialism and capitalism. Instead, it is more akin to a large-scale laboratory for institutional design with lessons that should be of broad relevance to other countries aiming to get high-quality welfare services while containing costs. Focusing on what others can learn from Sweden, the book makes accessible original research on schools, health care, and elderly care. The privatization of service production has occurred despite major political controversy between two competing visions for the welfare state. Successful experiments have spread organically to neighbouring municipalities. What was done well in this process and what were the mistakes? The book addresses the fundamental economic challenges, the trends of the future, and the implications for institutional design
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Michel, Bierlaire. Optimization: Principles and Algorithms. EPFL Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.55430/6116v1mb.
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Every engineer and decision scientist must have a good mastery of optimization, an essential element in their toolkit. Thus, this articulate introductory textbook will certainly be welcomed by students and practicing professionals alike. Drawing from his vast teaching experience, the author skillfully leads the reader through a rich choice of topics in a coherent, fluid and tasteful blend of models and methods anchored on the underlying mathematical notions (only prerequisites: first year calculus and linear algebra). Topics range from the classics to some of the most recent developments in smooth unconstrained and constrained optimization, like descent methods, conjugate gradients, Newton and quasi-Newton methods, linear programming and the simplex method, trust region and interior point methods. Furthermore elements of discrete and combinatorial optimization like network optimization, integer programming and heuristic local search methods are also presented. This book presents optimization as a modeling tool that beyond supporting problem formulation plus design and implementation of efficient algorithms, also is a language suited for interdisciplinary human interaction. Readers further become aware that while the roots of mathematical optimization go back to the work of giants like Newton, Lagrange, Cauchy, Euler or Gauss, it did not become a discipline on its own until World War Two. Also that its present momentum really resulted from its symbiosis with modern computers, which made it possible to routinely solve problems with millions of variables and constraints. With his witty, entertaining, yet precise style, Michel Bierlaire captivates his readers and awakens their desire to try out the presented material in a creative mode. One of the outstanding assets of this book is the unified, clear and concise rendering of the various algorithms, which makes them easily readable and translatable into any high level programming language. ''This is an addictive book that I am very pleased to recommend.'' Prof. Thomas M. Liebling
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Celis, Karen, and Sarah Childs. Feminist Democratic Representation. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190087722.001.0001.
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When are women well represented, politically speaking? The popular consensus has been, for some time, when descriptive representatives put women’s issues and feminist interests on the political agenda. Today, such certainty has been well and truly shaken; differences among women—especially how they conceive of their “interests”—is said to fatally undermine the principle and practice of women’s group representation. There has been a serious loss of faith, too, in legislatures as the sites where political representation takes place. Feminist Democratic Representation responds by making a second-generation feminist design intervention; firmly grounded in feminist empirical political science, the authors’ design shows how women’s misrepresentation is best met procedurally, taking women’s differences as their starting point, adopting an indivisible conception of representation, and reclaiming the role of legislatures. This book introduces a new group of actors—the affected representatives of women—and two new parliamentary practices: group advocacy and account giving. Working with a series of vignettes—abortion, prostitution, Muslim women’s dress, and Marine Le Pen—the authors explore how these representational problematics might fare were a feminist democratic process of representation in place. The ideal representative effects are broad rather than simply descriptive or substantive: they include effects relating to affinity, trust, legitimacy, symbolism, and affect. They manifest in stronger representative relationships among women in society, and between women and their representatives, elected and affective; and greater support for the procedures, institutions, and substantive outputs of representative politics, and at a higher level, the idea of representative democracy. Against the more fashionable tide of post-representative politics, Feminist Democratic Representation argues for more and better representation.
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Eaton, Kent. Territory and Ideology in Latin America. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198800576.001.0001.
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Around the world, familiar ideological conflicts over the market are becoming increasingly territorialized in the form of policy conflicts between national and subnational governments. Thanks to a series of trends such as globalization, democratization, and especially decentralization, subnational governments are now in a position more effectively to challenge the ideological orientation of the national government. This book conceptualizes these challenges as operating in two related but distinct modes. The first stems from elected subnational officials who use their authority, resources, and legitimacy to design, implement, and defend subnational policy regimes that deviate ideologically from national policy regimes. The second occurs when these same officials use their authority, resources, and legitimacy to question, oppose, and alter the ideological content of national policy regimes. The book focuses on three similarly situated countries in Latin America where these two types of policy challenges met different fates; neither challenge succeeded in Peru, both succeeded in Bolivia, and Ecuador experienced an intermediate outcome marked by the success of the first type of challenge (that is, the defense of a deviant, neoliberal subnational policy regime) and the failure of the second (that is, the inability to alter a statist national policy regime). Derived from the in-depth study of these outcomes, the book’s theoretical argument emphasizes three causal variables: (1) the structural significance of the territory over which subnational elected officials preside, (2) the level of institutional capacity they can harness, and (3) the strength of the societal coalitions they can build both within and across subnational jurisdictions.
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Tsai, Kellee S. Adaptive Informal Institutions. Edited by Orfeo Fioretos, Tulia G. Falleti, and Adam Sheingate. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199662814.013.16.
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Historical institutionalism (HI) has traditionally focused on formal institutions designed and enforced by official entities in advanced industrial democracies. Yet the modalities of endogenous institutional change delineated by HI reveal that the causal mechanisms of institutional transformation are typically informal. This chapter proposes a more inclusive ontology of institutions that views institutions as a single two-dimensional Möbius strip with both formal and informal components—regardless of regime type or level of economic development. Focusing on “adaptive informal institutions” that arise in a multi-tiered institutional context can show how informal institutions compromise, subvert, and even facilitate reforms of formal institutions.
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Briggs, JD, and JH Leigh. Rare or Threatened Australian Plants. CSIRO Publishing, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643105270.
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The Rare or Threatened Australian Plants (ROTAP) list and associated coding system was developed and has been maintained by CSIRO since 1979, and lists taxa that are Presumed Extinct, Endangered, Vulnerable, Rare or Poorly Known at the national level. This edition provides the most up-to-date list for conservation purposes.
A significant number of endangered and Vulnerable taxa are included, which have not yet been considered for inclusion on either the Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council list or the Commonwealth's Schedule 1. This is the first ROTAP publication to include subspecies and varieties, and the list now includes 5031 taxa. There have also been at least 3270 amendments to data for listed taxa. A total of 2012 additional records of regional data for tax already listed has been included.
A key factor in the development of public opinion, and the design of effective management schemes, lies in the production of accurate data to tell the story. What is threatened? Where is it found? These are two of the most fundamental questions to answer before any strategic plans can be drawn up. Obtaining such apparently simple statistics is a huge task. Rare or Threatened Australian Plants is therefore an important reference for the national status of threatened species, particularly for Rare and Poorly Known species.
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Morgan, Patrick M. Nuclear Strategy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.410.
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Nuclear strategy involves the production of nuclear weapons for political ends as well as the goals, means, and ways in which they are, or are planned to be, used. The roots of nuclear strategy can be traced to World War II, when nuclear scientists, as well as American and British high-level officials, began thinking about how nuclear weapons could be harnessed. Several ideas then emerged that became central to nuclear strategy, but largely ignored in early postwar American military planning. Aside from war-fighting, the United States’s grand strategy and national security policy soon focused on containment as the way to deal with communism around the world. Containment was politically and intellectually well-suited for emphasizing nuclear deterrence as a means of preventing the Cold War from escalating into war. The theory and resulting strategy was dominated by two problems: the stability problem and the credibility problem. As for actually fighting a nuclear war, strategies include demonstration explosions to curb enemy military actions, preventive and preemptive attacks, and retaliation after being attacked. The design and implementation of nuclear postures and strategies have been beset by numerous deficiencies, such as accidents with nuclear weapons and delivery systems. Fortunately, nuclear strategy did not give rise to what many feared—a self-sustaining security dilemma that made insecurity overwhelming and impossible to dispel.
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Fisher, Bonnie S., and Heidi L. Scherer. Exploring the methods behind sexual violence estimates. Edited by Teela Sanders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190213633.013.2.
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This essay documents the innovations that have been made to improve measuring the scope and dimensions of sexual violence over the last four decades. How sexual violence has been defined and operationalized and methodological factors (e.g., context, two-stage measurement process, question wording, reference period, and mode of administration) are compared and contrasted for several national-level victimization data sources. This essay explores the development of a number of national and international surveys designed to estimate the scope and dimensions of different types of sexual violence. This essay also includes a cross-national examination of sexual violence rates focusing on both differences and similarities across countries, concluding with a discussion of unresolved measurement issues. It also provides thoughts on future directions in measuring sexual violence.
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Mathiesen, Amber, and Kali Roy. Prenatal Diagnosis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681098.003.0004.
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Prenatal diagnosis is the term used to describe a set of tests that are designed to determine whether a specific genetic condition is present in a fetus. This chapter provides a detailed description of procedures as well as the types of testing options available for prenatal diagnosis. The two techniques for prenatal diagnosis, amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling, are described in detail, including their procedures, risks, limitations, and their use in twin gestations. The prenatal diagnosis testing options are also described in detail, including karyotype, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), microarray, molecular testing, and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) level testing. The chapter also includes images of karyotype, FISH, and microarray test results, and it also reviews the indications for prenatal diagnostic testing.
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Bokstein, Boris S., Mikhail I. Mendelev, and David J. Srolovitz. Thermodynamics and Kinetics in Materials Science. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198528036.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This text presents a concise and thorough introduction to the main concepts and practical applications of thermodynamics and kinetics in materials science. It is designed with two types of uses in mind: firstly for one or two semester university course for mid- to - upper level undergraduate or first year graduate students in a materials-science-oriented discipline and secondly for individuals who want to study the materials on their own. The following major topics are discussed: basic laws of classical and irreversible thermodynamics, phase equilibria, theory of solutions, chemical reaction thermodynamics and kinetics, surface phenomena, stressed systems, diffusion and statistical thermodynamics. A large number of example problems with detailed solutions are included as well as accompanying computer-based self-tests, consisting of over 400 questions and 2000 answers with hints for students. Computer-based laboratories are provided, in which a laboratory problem is posed and the experiment described. The student can "perform" the experiments and change the laboratory conditions to obtain the data required for meeting the laboratory objective. Each "laboratory" is augmented with background material to aid analysis of the experimental results.
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Gleicher, David. The Rescue of the Third Class on the Titanic. Liverpool University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780973893410.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This work seeks to understand why a disproportionately large number of third class passengers, particularly women and children, died during the sinking of the Titanic in relation to the first and second classes. It examines the gender, class, social, and cultural factors that influenced this disparity. It aims to uncover both why and how five hundred and thirty one third class passengers died on the night of April 14th 1912. A key area of focus is the difficult relationship between the ship’s authorities and the men of the third class, and the extent to which this determined the fate of passengers during the rescue efforts. The introduction asks ‘Who were the third class passengers?’ and uses ethnic and economic backgrounds to suggest the third class belonged to the ‘Old Immigration’ wave of migrants, rather than the contemporary ‘New Immigration’ of the first and second. The first chapter concerns the exclusion of third class narratives in the ‘popular story’ of the Titanic. Chapters two through seven determine the whereabouts of the third class during every stage of evacuation, and flags the discrepancies in testimonies from both the British and American inquiries. Chapter eight provides a conclusion, which claims the ‘popular story’ includes a great many falsehoods with regard to the third class - including their treatment by crew, their behaviours, and their survival rates. The first appendix tables nationalities into regions; the second outlines the twenty routes to the lifeboats, as testified by one of the Titanic design architects; and the third provides deck plans for every level of the ship.
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Khosa, Godwin, ed. Systemic School Improvement Interventions in South Africa. African Minds, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.47622/9781920677374.
Full textAbstract:
Looking at two smaller-scale systemic school improvement projects implemented in selected district circuits in the North West and Eastern Cape by partnerships between government, JET Education Services, and private sector organisations, this book captures and reflects on the experiences of the practitioners involved. The Systemic School Improvement Model developed by JET to address an identified range of interconnected challenges at district, school, classroom and household level, is made up of seven components. In reflecting on what worked and what did not in the implementation of these different components, the different chapters set out some of the practical lessons learnt, which could be used to improve the design and implementation of similar education improvement projects. Many of the lessons in this field that remain under-recorded to date relate to the step-by-step processes followed, the relationship dynamics encountered at different levels of the education system, and the local realities confronting schools and districts in South Africa's rural areas. Drawing on field data that is often not available to researchers, the book endeavours to address this gap and record these lessons. It is not intended to provide an academic review of the systemic school improvement projects. It is presented rather to offer other development practitioners working to improve the quality of education in South African schools, an understanding of some of the real practical and logistical challenges that arise and how these may be resolved to take further school improvement projects forward at a wider district, provincial and national scale.
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Chen, C. Julian. Introduction to Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856559.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) was invented by Binnig and Rohrer and received a Nobel Prize of Physics in 1986. Together with the atomic force microscope (AFM), it enables non-destructive observing and mapping atoms and molecules on solid surfaces down to a picometer resolution. A recent development is the non-destructive observation of wavefunctions in individual atoms and molecules, including nodal structures inside the wavefunctions. STM and AFM have become indespensible instruments for scientists of various disciplines, including physicists, chemists, engineers, and biologists to visualize and utilize the microscopic world around us. Since the publication of the first edition in 1993, this book has been recognized as a standard introduction for everyone that starts working with scanning probe microscopes, and a useful reference book for those more advanced in the field. After an Overview chapter accessible for newcomers at an entry level presenting the basic design, scientific background, and illustrative applications, the book has three Parts. Part I, Principles, provides the most systematic and detailed theory of its scientific bases from basic quantum mechancis and condensed-metter physics in all available literature. Quantitative analysis of its imaging mechanism for atoms, molecules, and wavefunctions is detailed. Part II, Instrumentation, provides down to earth descriptions of its building components, including piezoelectric scanners, vibration isolation, electronics, software, probe tip preparation, etc. Part III, Related methods, presenting two of its most important siblings, scanning tunnelling specgroscopy and atomic force miscsoscopy. The book has five appendices for background topics, and 405 references for further readings.
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Stanghellini, Giovanni. The innate ‘You’: the basic package. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198792062.003.0006.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter argues that there is converging evidence that attests to the intrinsic relational nature of human beings at the subpersonal level. Also, developmental psychology demonstrates that intersubjectivity is an innate, primary system of motivation that organizes human behaviour towards valued goals felt as need and desire by human beings. There are two such valued goals for the intersubjectivity motivational system: the first is the need to read the feelings and intentions of another; the second is the need to establish or re-establish self-cohesion and self-identity. We need to know where we are situated and what the others are going to do. When we are intersubjectively disorientated, a special kind of basic anxiety arises. The second felt need is that for the Other’s recognition: we need a ‘You’ who looks at us to form our basic self and personal identity.