Relevant bibliographies by topics / Two-level design

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Two-level design'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Two-level design"

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HUANG, T. L., C. T. HSIEH, and S. C. CHEN. "TWO-LEVEL OPTIMAL PI CONTROLLER DESIGN." Electric Machines & Power Systems 21, no. 4 (July 1993): 449–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07313569308909670.

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Amale, Amit, and Angelo Lucia. "A two-level distillation design method." AIChE Journal 54, no. 11 (November 2008): 2888–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.11609.

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Evangelaras, H., and Christos Koukouvinos. "Screening Properties And Design Selection Of Certain Two-Level Designs." Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods 2, no. 1 (May 1, 2003): 87–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.22237/jmasm/1051747740.

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Huang, T. L., T. Y. Hwang, and W. T. Yang. "Two-level optimal output feedback stabilizer design." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 6, no. 3 (1991): 1042–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/59.119244.

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Sato, Shinji. "TSUNAMI DISASTER MITIGATION BY TWO-LEVEL DESIGN." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36v (December 31, 2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36v.keynote.3.

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Huang, T. L., T. Y. Hwang, and W. T. Yang. "Two-level optimal output feedback stabilizer design." International Journal of Energy Research 16, no. 2 (March 1992): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.4440160202.

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Chatterjee, K., Lih-Yuan Deng, and Dennis K. J. Lin. "Two-level search design for main-effect plus two plan." Metrika 54, no. 3 (February 1, 2002): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s184-002-8366-1.

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Wilmut, Michael, and Julie Zhou. "D-optimal minimax design criterion for two-level fractional factorial designs." Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 141, no. 1 (January 2011): 576–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jspi.2010.07.002.

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Howlett, Michael, Ishani Mukherjee, and Jeremy Rayner. "The Elements of Effective Program Design: A Two-Level Analysis." Politics and Governance 2, no. 2 (June 9, 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v2i2.23.

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Policy and program design is a major theme of contemporary policy research, aimed at improving the understanding of how the processes, methods and tools of policy-making are employed to better formulate effective policies and pro-grams, and to understand the reasons why such designs are not forthcoming. However while many efforts have been made to evaluate policy design, less work has focused on program designs. This article sets out to fill this gap in knowledge of design practices in policy-making. It outlines the nature of the study of policy design with a particular focus on the nature of programs and the lessons derived from empirical experience regarding the conditions that enhance program effectiveness.
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Memon, Azhar M., and Magdi S. Mahmoud. "Two-level design for aperiodic networked control systems." Signal Processing 120 (March 2016): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2015.08.015.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Two-level design"

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Katsaounis, Parthena I. "Equivalence of symmetric factorial designs and characterization and ranking of two-level Split-lot designs." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1164176825.

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Siddiqui, Sauleh Ahmad. "Solving two-level optimization problems with applications to robust design and energy markets." UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK, 2012. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3495412.

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Wang, Xiaodan. "The EMI Filter Design for GaN HEMT Based Two-Level Voltage Source Inverter." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu152424286628544.

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Mays, Darcy P. "Design and analysis for a two level factorial experiment in the presence of dispersion effects." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39723.

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Studenny-Marquez, Sandra. "An analysis of two year interior design programs: Meeting the criteria for entry level employment and established industry standards." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1317.

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The purpose of this study of two year interior design programs will be to assess the effectiveness of the programs in meeting the established industry requirements for entry-level positions of employment.
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Hiner, Stephen W. "Analyses of Two Aspects of Study Design for Bioassessment With Benthic Macroinvertebrates: Single Versus Multiple Habitat Sampling and Taxonomic Identification Level." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9716.

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Bioassessment is the concept of evaluating the ecological condition of habitats by surveying the resident assemblages of living organisms. Conducting bioassessment with benthic macroinvertebrates is still evolving and continues to be refined. There are strongly divided opinions about study design, sampling methods, laboratory analyses, and data analysis. Two issues that are currently being debated about study design for bioassessment in streams were examined here: 1) what habitats within streams should be sampled; 2) and is it necessary to identify organisms to the species level? The influence of habitat sampling design and level of taxonomic identification on the interpretation of ecological conditions of ten small streams in western Virginia was examined. Cattle watering and grazing heavily affected five of these streams (impaired sites). The other five streams, with no recent cattle activity or other impact by man, were considered to be reference sites because they were minimally impaired and represented best attainable conditions. Inferential and non-inferential statistical analyses concluded that multiple habitat sampling design was more effective than a single habitat design (riffle only) at distinguishing impaired conditions, regardless of taxonomic level. It appeared that sampling design (riffle habitat versus multiple habitats) is more important than taxonomic identification level for distinguishing reference and impaired ecological conditions in this bioassessment study. All levels of taxonomic resolution, which were studied, showed that the macroinvertebrate assemblages at the reference and impaired sites were very different and the assemblages at the impaired sites were adversely affected by perturbation. This study supported the sampling of multiple habitats and identification to the family level as a design for best determining the ecological condition of streams in bioassessment.
Master of Science
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Zhang, Ruiyang. "Cache Design for Massive Heterogeneous Data of Mobile Social Media." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-175759.

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Since social media gains ever increasing popularity, Online Social Networks have become important repositories for information retrieval. The concept of social search, therefore, is gradually being recognized as the next breakthrough in this field, and it is expected to dominate topics in industry. However, retrieving information from OSNs with high Quality of Experience is non-trivial as a result of the prevalence of mobile applications for social networking services. For the sake of shortening user perceived latency Web caching was introduced and has been studied extensively for years. Nevertheless, the previous works seldom focus on the Web caching solutions for social search. In the context of this master’s thesis project, emphasis is given to the design of a Web caching system which is used to cache public data from social media with the objective of improving the user experience in terms of the freshness of data and the perceived service latency. To be more specific, a Web caching strategy named Staleness Bounded LRU algorithm is proposed to limit the term of validity of the cached data. In addition, a Two-Level Web Caching System that adopts the SB-LRU algorithm is proposed in order for shortening the user perceived latency. Results of trace-driven simulations and performance evaluations demonstrate that serving clients with stale data is avoided and the user perceived latencies are significantly shortened when the proposed Web caching system is used in the use case of unauthenticated social search. Besides, the design idea in this project is believed to be helpful to the design of a Web caching system for social search, which is capable of caching user specific data for different clients.
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Englund, Sofia. "Optimizing the design of two-stage ditches to improve nutrient and sediment retention." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-415420.

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Negative effects on water quality are created by eutrophication of the world’s water resources. Mitigation measures have been implemented, but poor improvements in water quality have been observed. Two-stage ditches have the possibility to increase nutrient and sediment retention to reduce eutrophication in receiving water bodies. A two-stage ditch has floodplain terraces on each side of the ordinary main channel. The terraces are available for flooding during high water flows and enables decreases in flow velocities. However, more knowledge is needed about the two-stage ditch and its effect in Swedish landscapes. The aim of the project was to study the two-stage ditch design with focus on water retention. Optimization of the two-stage ditch design was made by modeling and simulating design parameters and vegetation in the software Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System (HEC-RAS). An existing two-stage ditch in Sweden was used as base and comparison to the theoretical model. In addition, a climate change scenario was studied to evaluate the impact of increased storm events in a two-stage ditch. Results showed that increased retention time of water, nutrients, and sediments theoretically can be given by designing two-stage ditches with maximum terrace width and minimum terrace height, and with terraces angled away from the main channel. Vegetation should also be kept on both terraces and in the main channel of the two-stage ditch to increase retention time. The study also showed that the two-stage ditch design has the possibility to decrease peak water levels during storm events, which can be expected to increase in the future. The impact on transport of nutrients and sediments from more future extreme hydrological events needs further studies.
Negativa effekter i vattenkvalitet skapas av övergödning i världens vattenresurser. Åtgärder för att begränsa övergödningen har genomförts, men svaga förbättringar i vattenkvalitet har noterats. Tvåstegsdiken har möjligheten att öka retentionen av näringsämnen och sediment för att minska övergödning. Ett tvåstegsdike har terrasser på vardera sida om den vanliga mittfåran. Terrasserna är tillgängliga för översvämning vid höga vattenflöden, vilket möjliggör minskning av flödeshastigheter. Dock krävs mer kunskap för tvåstegsdiken och dess effekt i svenska landskap. Syftet med projektet var att studera designen av tvåstegsdiken med fokus på retention av vattenflöde. Optimering av tvåstegsdikens design genomfördes via modellering och simulering av designparametrar och vegetation i programvaran Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System (HEC-RAS). Ett befintligt tvåstegsdike i Sverige användes som bas och jämförelse mot den teoretiska modellen. Ett scenario för klimatförändring studerades även för att utvärdera effekten i ett tvåstegsdike då fler stormevent sker. Resultaten visade att ökad retentionstid for vatten, näringsämnen, och sediment teoretiskt kan ges genom att designa tvåstegsdiken med maximal terrassbredd och minimal terrasshöjd, samt med terrasser vinklade bort från mittfåran. Vegetation bör även behållas på terrasser och i mittfåran av tvåstegsdiket för att öka retentionstiden. Studien visade även att tvåstegs- dikets design har möjligheten att minska toppflöden vid stormevent, vilka kan förväntas öka i framtiden. Påverkan på transport av näringsämnen och sediment från fler framtida extrema hydrologiska event kräver ytterligare studier.
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Ramos, Victorino Morales. "Construction of two-level fractional factorial designs." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438410.

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Bailey, Brittney E. "Data analysis and multiple imputation for two-level nested designs." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1531822703002162.

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Books on the topic "Two-level design"

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A comprehensive guide to factorial two-level experimentation. Dordrecht: Springer, 2009.

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Clarke, Alan. CLAIT Plus level two IT user qualification. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 2003.

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Bashkatov, Aleksandr, Roman Zasedatelev, and Evgeniy Sumerkin. Computer programs in the electric power industry. Workshop. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1048798.

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The workshop consists of two chapters. The first one is basic, in the form of 10 works aimed at studying primary-level application programs. The second-extended-contains guidelines for seven works with software complexes (systems "Electric", DIALux) and a description of the application of programs for project purposes (calculation of the crossbar, sPlan, "1-2-3 Scheme", etc.). Along with the practical section, each topic includes reference and information support in the form of theoretical material. The papers contain basic information about the operations performed with mandatory references to specialized literature, including a review of standard examples and individual tasks in the applications section for monitoring the knowledge gained. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation. For students in the specialty "Power supply (by industry)" when conducting laboratory work on the academic discipline "Electrical Engineering", as well as when solving design problems, during course and diploma design, organizing practices. It can be useful not only for students of electric power specialties, but also for anyone who, by the nature of their activity, is faced with the need to perform calculations of electric networks using a computer.
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Adobe Illustrator Cs, Level Two (Essentials for Design). Prentice Hall, 2004.

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Bagley, Dean. Adobe Illustrator Cs, Level Two (Essentials for Design). Prentice Hall, 2004.

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Terranova, Aimee, and Gary Poyssick. Adobe Photoshop Cs2, Level Two (Essentials for Design). 2nd ed. Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006.

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Bagley, Dean. Macromedia Flash 8, Level Two (Essentials for Design). Prentice Hall, 2007.

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Adobe Photoshop Cs2, Level Two (Essentials for Design). Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006.

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Bagley, Dean. Macromedia Flash 8, Level Two (Essentials for Design). Prentice Hall, 2007.

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Essentials for Design Macromedia Flash 8 Level Two (2nd Edition) (Essentials for Design). Prentice Hall, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Two-level design"

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Berger, Paul D., Robert E. Maurer, and Giovana B. Celli. "Two-Level Factorial Designs." In Experimental Design, 295–342. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64583-4_9.

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Berger, Paul D., Robert E. Maurer, and Giovana B. Celli. "Two-Level Fractional-Factorial Designs." In Experimental Design, 371–421. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64583-4_11.

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Haake, Jörg M., Till Schümmer, Anja Haake, Mohamed Bourimi, and Britta Landgraf. "Two-Level Tailoring Support for CSCL." In Groupware: Design, Implementation, and Use, 74–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39850-9_6.

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Shina, Sammy. "Two-Level Factorial Design and Analysis Techniques." In Industrial Design of Experiments, 139–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86267-1_4.

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Hwang, Howard H. M., and Ah Lim Ch’ng. "Two-level vs. one-level seismic design of buildings." In Earthquake Engineering, edited by Shamim A. Sheikh and S. M. Uzumeri, 559–66. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781487583217-071.

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Shimizu, Kiyotaka, Yo Ishizuka, and Jonathan F. Bard. "Two-Level Design Problem (Mathematical Programming with Optimal-Value Functions)." In Nondifferentiable and Two-Level Mathematical Programming, 292–311. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6305-1_11.

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Mee, Robert W. "More Fractional Factorial Design Examples." In A Comprehensive Guide to Factorial Two-Level Experimentation, 375–94. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b105081_11.

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Mee, Robert W. "Special Topics Regarding the Design." In A Comprehensive Guide to Factorial Two-Level Experimentation, 415–35. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b105081_13.

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Mee, Robert W. "More Full Factorial Design Examples." In A Comprehensive Guide to Factorial Two-Level Experimentation, 115–42. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b105081_4.

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Goos, Peter. "Two-Level Factorial and Fractional Factorial Designs." In The Optimal Design of Blocked and Split-Plot Experiments, 217–28. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0051-9_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Two-level design"

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Gao, Fei, Hanyu Cui, and Suleyman Sair. "Two-level ata prefetching." In 2007 25th International Conference on Computer Design ICCD 2007. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccd.2007.4601908.

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Sirowy, Scott, Yonghui Wu, Stefano Lonardi, and Frank Vahid. "Two-Level Microprocessor-Accelerator Partitioning." In Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/date.2007.364610.

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Chuanjun Zhang and Bing Xue. "Two dimensional highly associative level-two cache design." In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccd.2008.4751934.

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Mo Wei, Loh Poh Chiang, and Ding Yi. "Optimal design of two level inverters." In Energy Conference (IPEC 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipecon.2010.5697017.

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Li, W. C., and S. Azarm. "Parameter Sensitivity Analysis in Two-Level Design Optimization." In ASME 1989 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1989-0070.

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Abstract Parameter sensitivity analysis of a two-level design optimization problem can be decomposed into two levels. In the first-level, the sensitivities of the subproblems are calculated separately. In the second-level, the sensitivities obtained for the first-level subproblems are co-ordinated to obtain the overall sensitivity information. Using this approach, we can not only obtain the overall effect that a small change in a parameter has on the optimum solution of a problem (or system) but also its local effects on the subproblems (or subsystems). A simple two-bar truss example demonstrates the approach.
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Werter, Noud, Roeland De Breuker, Michael Friswell, Wulf Dettmer, and Christopher S. Beaverstock. "Two-level Conceptual Design of Morphing Wings." In 54th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-1720.

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Caruso, Giuseppe, and Alessio Macchiarella. "Optimum design of two-level MCML gates." In 2008 15th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems - (ICECS 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecs.2008.4674811.

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Dittmar, Anke, and Maximilian Hensch. "Two-Level Personas for Nested Design Spaces." In CHI '15: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702168.

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"Two-Level Design Spectrum for Highway Bridges." In SP-187: Seismic Response of Concrete Bridges. American Concrete Institute, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/5606.

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Dodd, O., A. G. Zare, A. Haji, and M. Behravesh. "Two-way information exchange in two-level supply chain." In 2012 3rd International Conference on System Science, Engineering Design and Manufacturing Informatization (ICSEM 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icssem.2012.6340816.

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Reports on the topic "Two-level design"

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Crosier, Ronald B. Some New Saturated Two-Level Designs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada292627.

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Ahmad, Noshin S., Raul Pineda-Mendez, Fahad Alqahtani, Mario Romero, Jose Thomaz, and Andrew P. Tarko. Effective Design and Operation of Pedestrian Crossings. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317438.

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Pedestrians are vulnerable road users since they are prone to more severe injuries in any vehicular collision. While innovative solutions promise improved pedestrian safety, a careful analysis of local conditions is required before selecting proper corrective measures. This research study had two focuses: (1) methodology to identify roads and areas in Indiana where the frequency and severity of pedestrian collisions are heightened above the acceptable level, and (2) selecting effective countermeasures to mitigate or eliminate safety-critical conditions. Two general methods of identifying specific pedestrian safety concerns were proposed: (1) area-wide analysis, and (2) road-focused analysis. A suitable tool, Safety Needs Analysis Program (SNAP), is currently under development by the research team and is likely the future method to implement an area-wide type of analysis. The following models have been developed to facilitate the road-focused analysis: (1) pedestrian crossing activity level to fill the gap in pedestrian traffic data, and (2) crash probability and severity models to estimate the risk of pedestrian crashes around urban intersections in Indiana. The pedestrian safety model was effectively utilized in screening and identifying high-risk urban intersection segments for safety audits and improvements. In addition, detailed guidance was provided for many potential pedestrian safety countermeasures with specific behavioral and road conditions that justify these countermeasures. Furthermore, a procedure was presented to predict the economic feasibility of the countermeasures based on crash reduction factors. The findings of this study should help expand the existing RoadHAT tool used by the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) to emphasize and strengthen pedestrian safety considerations in the current tool.
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Bao, Jieyi, Xiaoqiang Hu, Cheng Peng, Yi Jiang, Shuo Li, and Tommy Nantung. Truck Traffic and Load Spectra of Indiana Roadways for the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317227.

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The Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) has been employed for pavement design by the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) since 2009 and has generated efficient pavement designs with a lower cost. It has been demonstrated that the success of MEPDG implementation depends largely on a high level of accuracy associated with the information supplied as design inputs. Vehicular traffic loading is one of the key factors that may cause not only pavement structural failures, such as fatigue cracking and rutting, but also functional surface distresses, including friction and smoothness. In particular, truck load spectra play a critical role in all aspects of the pavement structure design. Inaccurate traffic information will yield an incorrect estimate of pavement thickness, which can either make the pavement fail prematurely in the case of under-designed thickness or increase construction cost in the case of over-designed thickness. The primary objective of this study was to update the traffic design input module, and thus to improve the current INDOT pavement design procedures. Efforts were made to reclassify truck traffic categories to accurately account for the specific axle load spectra on two-lane roads with low truck traffic and interstate routes with very high truck traffic. The traffic input module was updated with the most recent data to better reflect the axle load spectra for pavement design. Vehicle platoons were analyzed to better understand the truck traffic characteristics. The unclassified vehicles by traffic recording devices were examined and analyzed to identify possible causes of the inaccurate data collection. Bus traffic in the Indiana urban areas was investigated to provide additional information for highway engineers with respect to city streets as well as highway sections passing through urban areas. New equivalent single axle load (ESAL) values were determined based on the updated traffic data. In addition, a truck traffic data repository and visualization model and a TABLEAU interactive visualization dashboard model were developed for easy access, view, storage, and analysis of MEPDG related traffic data.
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Bhagavathula, Rajaram, Ronald Gibbons, and Andrew Kassing. Roadway Lighting’s Effect on Pedestrian Safety at Intersection and Midblock Crosswalks. Illinois Center for Transportation, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-028.

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This study evaluates the visual performance of four intersection lighting designs and five midblock crosswalk lighting designs along with two pedestrian safety countermeasures (rectangular rapid flashing beacons and flashing signs) at three light levels. The study involved a pedestrian detection task, which was completed at night on a realistic roadway intersection and a midblock crosswalk. The results from the study showed that driver nighttime visual performance at intersection and midblock crosswalks was influenced by the lighting design and light level. Intersections should be illuminated to an average horizontal illuminance of 14 lux (1.3 fc). This light level ensures optimal visibility of pedestrians regardless of the lighting design (or luminaire layout) of the intersection. The average horizontal illuminance of 14 lux (1.3 fc) also increases the visibility of pedestrians when glare from oncoming vehicles is present. The 14 lux (1.3 fc) average horizontal illuminance is valid for all lighting designs evaluated except the lighting design that illuminated the exits of the intersection. When the exits of the intersection are illuminated, an average horizontal illuminance of 24 lux (2.2 fc) is needed to offset the disability glare from opposing vehicles. Midblock crosswalks should be illuminated to an average vertical illuminance of 10 lux (0.9 fc) to ensure optimal pedestrian visibility. Where overhead lighting is available, midblock crosswalk lighting designs that render the pedestrian in positive contrast are recommended. Where overhead lighting is not available, crosswalk illuminators can be used to illuminate midblock crosswalks. At night, pedestrian crossing treatments such as rectangular rapid flashing beacons and flashing signs should not be used for pedestrian visibility at midblock crosswalks. Pedestrians crossing treatments should be used in conjunction with overhead lighting or crosswalk illuminators at the established vertical illuminance to ensure optimal pedestrian visibility at midblock crosswalks.
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Clement, Timothy, and Brett Vaughan. Evaluation of a mobile learning platform for clinical supervision. University of Melbourne, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46580/124369.

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Context: This report details a formative evaluation of the Clinical Supervision Online (CSO) course, a fee-paying, fully online ‘light touch’ program of study for clinical supervisors offered by the Melbourne Medical School, which was developed in conjunction with the University’s Mobile Learning Unit. The course requires between six to ten hours of self-directed study and is designed for any clinicians who teach. Methods: Evaluation of the course was guided by Rossi, Lipsey and Freeman’s (2004) approach to program evaluation, addressing the need for the course, its design, implementation, impact, and return on investment. Data were collected through interviews with key informants, document analysis, an embedded student survey, learning analytics data, financial data, and an audit against ‘best practice’ standards for online course design. Findings: The findings suggest that course development was driven by both a financial imperative and genuine concern to meet training needs of clinical supervisors. Two hundred and four students enrolled on the course in its first 18 months. This has been enough to cover its developmental costs. In relation to 64 quality standards for online course design, the level of performance was rated as ‘meets’ for 44 items; ‘exceeds’ for one item; ‘developing for 13 items’; and, ‘non-existent’ for six items. An additional 33 items were identified as ‘not applicable’ for the ‘light touch’ course design. Significance: From a learning design perspective there is much to like about the CSO course and the outcome of assessing it against the standards for ‘best practice’ online course design suggests that an evolutionary approach - making incremental changes - could improve the course whilst retaining its existing ‘light touch’ format. The CSO course on its own is unlikely to realise the depth of achievement implied in the course aims and learning outcomes. The CSO course may best be seen as an entrée into the art of clinical supervision.
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Ali, Rassul. Konzeptentwicklung für CDM-Projekte - Risikoanalyse der projektbezogenen Generierung von CO2-Zertifikaten (CER). Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783933795842.

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The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a complex legal-institutional system that, on the one hand, offers industrialized countries options for cost-effective emission reductions and, on the other, provides developing countries with opportunities for sustainable development. Investors face the difficulty of identifying suitable CDM projects from approximately 130 possible host countries and nearly 60 possible project activities. In order to develop points of reference for strategic investments, this paper identifies and categorizes the risks arising in the value creation process of bilateral energy projects into four action-related levels. At the host level, the focus is on political-institutional and sector-specific risks, while at the investor state level, the legal design of the CDM's complementary function is relevant. The project level covers technology- and process-related risks, with the identification of the reference case and the proof of additionality posing particular problems. The future design of the CDM and the reform of the procedure at the UNFCCC level pose a fundamental risk. A two-stage assessment procedure is proposed for risk assessment: a rough analysis captures sociographic, climate policy, institutional and sector-specific criteria of the host. The differentiation of the project stage allows the localization of the project in the value chain and a differentiation regarding the use of methods. The assessment of project registration is based on the methods used and gives recognition rates per method and project category; project performance is measured in terms of the ratio of emission reductions actually realized to those planned in the project documentation. A detailed analysis following the coarse analysis provides qualitative guidance for project evaluation. These include the Executive Board's methodological principles, correct application of methodologies, identification of the reference case, proof of additionality, as well as the financial conditions of the relevant sector and publicity-related aspects. Despite individual hosts and project technologies, the developed two-step risk analysis allows, with relatively little effort and in line with business practice, an initial assessment of CDM project risks, so that overall it lays a fundamental building block for the elaboration of a strategic implementation and sustainable investment under the CDM.
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Lavadenz, Magaly, and Gisela O’Brien. District Administrators' Perspectives on the Impact of The Local Control Funding Formula on English Learners. Loyola Marymount University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.policy.6.

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Two years into implementation, this policy brief examines how California’s Local Control Funding Formula (LCFF) and its accompanying Local Control Accountability Plan (LCAP) meet the needs of English Learners (ELs). Researchers seek to understand district administrator perspectives on the impact of LCFF for ELs through interviews and focus groups with administrators that represent districts from Northern, Central, and Southern California. Findings reveal that although the LCAP serves as a mechanism to increase personnel and PD efforts to address EL needs, it is still largely viewed as a compliance document that requires alignment with other strategic documents and is sensitive to changes in leadership. The following policy recommendations are made as a result of these findings: 1) re-design the LCAP to support districts in specifying EL learning goals, services, assessments and expected outcomes; 2) differentiate support for district administrators; and 3) invest (long-term) in district-level and site-level professional development with a focus on EL success.
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Nantung, Tommy E., Jusang Lee, John E. Haddock, M. Reza Pouranian, Dario Batioja Alvarez, Jongmyung Jeon, Boonam Shin, and Peter J. Becker. Structural Evaluation of Full-Depth Flexible Pavement Using APT. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317319.

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The fundamentals of rutting behavior for thin full-depth flexible pavements (i.e., asphalt thickness less than 12 inches) are investigated in this study. The scope incorporates an experimental study using full-scale Accelerated Pavement Tests (APTs) to monitor the evolution of each pavement structural layer's transverse profiles. The findings were then employed to verify the local rutting model coefficients used in the current pavement design method, the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG). Four APT sections were constructed using two thin typical pavement structures (seven-and ten-inches thick) and two types of surface course material (dense-graded and SMA). A mid-depth rut monitoring and automated laser profile systems were designed to reconstruct the transverse profiles at each pavement layer interface throughout the process of accelerated pavement deterioration that is produced during the APT. The contributions of each pavement structural layer to rutting and the evolution of layer deformation were derived. This study found that the permanent deformation within full-depth asphalt concrete significantly depends upon the pavement thickness. However, once the pavement reaches sufficient thickness (more than 12.5 inches), increasing the thickness does not significantly affect the permanent deformation. Additionally, for thin full-depth asphalt pavements with a dense-graded Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) surface course, most pavement rutting is caused by the deformation of the asphalt concrete, with about half the rutting amount observed within the top four inches of the pavement layers. However, for thin full-depth asphalt pavements with an SMA surface course, most pavement rutting comes from the closet sublayer to the surface, i.e., the intermediate layer. The accuracy of the MEPDG’s prediction models for thin full-depth asphalt pavement was evaluated using some statistical parameters, including bias, the sum of squared error, and the standard error of estimates between the predicted and actual measurements. Based on the statistical analysis (at the 95% confidence level), no significant difference was found between the version 2.3-predicted and measured rutting of total asphalt concrete layer and subgrade for thick and thin pavements.
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Patston, L. L. M., A. N. Henry, M. McEwen, J. Mannion, and L. A. Ewens-Volynkina. Thinking While Standing: An exploratory study on the effect of standing on cognitive performance. Unitec ePress, September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/ocds.32017.

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Sedentary behaviour is extremely prevalent in Western societies and is significantly associated with an elevated risk of all-cause mortality that cannot be mitigated by physical activity. The introduction of standing desks into the workplace offers a solution to this inactivity, but there is limited investigation regarding the effects of standing on cognition, which is a major consideration in much office-based work. In this study we aimed to provide an exploratory investigation on the effect on cognitive performance of standing while working. We tested 30 office-based adults on a battery of 19 cognitive tasks (tapping five cognitive domains) in a randomised, repeatedmeasures crossover design study. Two conditions (standing versus sitting) were investigated over two 7.5-hour work days including morning, midday and afternoon sessions (Time of Day). Effects were analysed using multivariate two-way repeated-measures ANOVAs (Condition by Time of Day) for five cognitive domains. Overall, after correcting for multiple comparisons, there were no differences in performance between sitting and standing. At an uncorrected level, however, significant effects of Condition were found in three of the 19 tasks, with all demonstrating better performance while standing. Importantly, these results suggest that there is no detriment to cognitive performance through standing. They also provide an initial indication that there may be cognitive benefits of standing in the attention and working memory domains, which may be a promising avenue for future inquiry.
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Lapidot, Moshe, Linda Hanley-Bowdoin, Jane E. Polston, and Moshe Reuveni. Geminivirus-resistant Tomato Plants: Combining Transgenic and Conventional Strategies for Multi-viral Resistance. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592639.bard.

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Begomoviruses, which constitute one genus of the Geminiviridae family, are single-stranded DNA viruses that infect many dicotyledonous crops important to large agricultural industries as well as to subsistence growers. Although all begomoviruses are transmitted by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci), they have proven difficult to manage even with heavy insecticide applications. The begomovirus, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), has been a problem in tomato production in Israel since the 1950s and in the United States since 1997. Approximately 89 begomoviruses have now been reported to infect tomato. Crop losses due to begomoviruses such as TYLCV and Tomato mottle virus (ToMoV), are limiting factors in tomato cultivation in Israel, the U.S., and many tomato-growing regions throughout the world. To overcome these limitations, we proposed a two-step strategy that combines transgenic and conventional resistance in order to develop tomato plants that are resistant to multiple begomoviruses. In the first step, we have developed transgenic tomato plants expressing trans-dominant interfering mutants Rep and C3 from TYLCV and ToMoV, and tested whether these plants are resistant to infection by these two viruses. In the second step we have tested whether pyramiding transgenic and conventional resistance is superior to either strategy alone. The specific objectives of the proposal were: 1. Design and test trans-dominant interfering constructs for TYLCV and ToMoV Rep and C3 in transient replication interference assays. 2. Generate and test transgenic tomato plants expressing mutant Rep and C3 in resistance assays. 3. Generate and test conventional resistant lines that also express mutant Rep and C3. Two viral replication interfering constructs, expressing the trans-dominant interfering mutants Rep and C3, were designed and constructed during this project. One construct, pNSB1630 was based on TYLCV sequences and the other, pNSB1682, based on ToMoV sequences. The TYLCV transformation construct was tested in a protoplasts replication assay, and was found to inhibit TYLCV replication. The ToMoV transformation construct is yet to be tested in a protoplast assay. Both transformation vectors, pNSB1630 and pNSB1682, were used to transform four different tomato lines, and generate transgenic plants. The tomato lines used for transformation were: FL7613, MM, TY172, TY199. FL7613 and MM are susceptible to both TYLCV and ToMoV. TY172 and TY199 are breeding lines developed at Volcani Center. TY172 is resistant to TYLCV but susceptible to ToMoV, while TY199 is resistant to both TYLCV and ToMoV. When transgenic T1 plants expressing the pNSB1630 constructed were screened for TYLCV resistance, it was found that these plants showed very low level of TYLCV resistance, if any. However, some of these lines showed high level of resistance to ToMoV. Only five transgenic T1 lines expressing the pNSB1682 construct were tested (so far) for resistance to ToMoV. It was found that all five lines express very high level of resistance to ToMoV. Although we haven’t finished (yet) the screen of all the transgenic lines, it is already clear that we were able to successfully combine genetic resistance for TYLCV with transgenic resistance to ToMoV.
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