Relevant bibliographies by topics / Two Dimensional Confined Geometry

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Two Dimensional Confined Geometry'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Two Dimensional Confined Geometry"

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Huang, Aiqun, and Aniket Bhattacharya. "DNA confined in a two-dimensional strip geometry." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 106, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 18004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/106/18004.

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FORMIGA, J. B., and C. ROMERO. "ON THE GEOMETRICAL CONFINEMENT OF FERMIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 18 (January 2012): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194512008252.

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To show the important role that geometry may play in the problem of confining particles to our four-dimensional spacetime, we consider a five-dimensional model where fermions are confined in a hypersurface due to an interaction with geometric fields. We use two different fields which appear in non-Riemannian geometries, namely, the Weyl one-form and the torsion two-form. We show that for suitable choices of these fields one manages to confine fermions in our brane (our four-dimensional world). It turns out that this confinement is independent of the energy and the mass of the fermions.
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Bubeck, R., C. Bechinger, S. Neser, and P. Leiderer. "Melting and Reentrant Freezing of Two-Dimensional Colloidal Crystals in Confined Geometry." Physical Review Letters 82, no. 16 (April 19, 1999): 3364–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.82.3364.

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Li, Haobo, Jianping Xiao, Qiang Fu, and Xinhe Bao. "Confined catalysis under two-dimensional materials." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 23 (May 22, 2017): 5930–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1701280114.

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Confined microenvironments formed in heterogeneous catalysts have recently been recognized as equally important as catalytically active sites. Understanding the fundamentals of confined catalysis has become an important topic in heterogeneous catalysis. Well-defined 2D space between a catalyst surface and a 2D material overlayer provides an ideal microenvironment to explore the confined catalysis experimentally and theoretically. Using density functional theory calculations, we reveal that adsorption of atoms and molecules on a Pt(111) surface always has been weakened under monolayer graphene, which is attributed to the geometric constraint and confinement field in the 2D space between the graphene overlayer and the Pt(111) surface. A similar result has been found on Pt(110) and Pt(100) surfaces covered with graphene. The microenvironment created by coating a catalyst surface with 2D material overlayer can be used to modulate surface reactivity, which has been illustrated by optimizing oxygen reduction reaction activity on Pt(111) covered by various 2D materials. We demonstrate a concept of confined catalysis under 2D cover based on a weak van der Waals interaction between 2D material overlayers and underlying catalyst surfaces.
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Zagorodnev, Igor V., Andrey A. Zabolotnykh, Danil A. Rodionov, and Vladimir A. Volkov. "Two-Dimensional Plasmons in Laterally Confined 2D Electron Systems." Nanomaterials 13, no. 6 (March 8, 2023): 975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13060975.

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The collective oscillations of charge density (plasmons) in conductive solids are basic excitations that determine the dynamic response of the system. In infinite two-dimensional (2D) electron systems, plasmons have gapless dispersion covering a broad spectral range from subterahertz to infrared, which is promising in light-matter applications. We discuss the state-of-the-art physics of 2D plasmons, especially in confined 2D electron systems in stripe and disk geometry, using the simplest approach for conductivity. When the metal gate is placed in the vicinity of the 2D electron system, an analytical description of the plasmon frequency and damping can be easily obtained. We also analyze gated plasmons in the disk when it was situated at various distances from the gate, and discuss in detail the nontrivial behavior of the damping. We predict that it is not a simple sum of the radiative and collisional dampings, but has a nonmonotonic dependence on the system parameters. For high-mobility 2D systems, this opens the way to achieve the maximal quality factor of plasma resonances. Lastly, we discuss the recently discovered near-gate 2D plasmons propagating along the laterally confined gate, even without applied bias voltage and having gapless dispersion when the gate has the form of a stripe, and discrete spectrum when the gate is in the form of disk. It allows for one to drive the frequency and spatial propagation of such plasmons.
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KESSLER, DAVID A., and HERBERT LEVINE. "TIP INSTABILITY DURING CONFINED DIFFUSION-LIMITED GROWTH." Modern Physics Letters B 02, no. 08 (September 1988): 945–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984988000746.

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We study diffusion-limited crystal growth in a two dimensional channel geometry. We demonstrate that although there exists a linearly stable steady-state finger solution of the pattern evolution equations, the true dynamical behavior can be controlled by a tip-widening instability. Possible scenarios for the long-time behavior of the system are presented.
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Tian, Jiting, Walter Kob, and Jean-Louis Barrat. "Are strongly confined colloids good models for two dimensional liquids?" Journal of Chemical Physics 156, no. 16 (April 28, 2022): 164903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0086749.

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Quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) colloidal hard-sphere suspensions confined in a slit geometry are widely used as two-dimensional (2D) model systems in experiments that probe the glassy relaxation dynamics of 2D systems. However, the question to what extent these quasi-2D systems indeed represent 2D systems is rarely brought up. Here, we use computer simulations that take into account hydrodynamic interactions to show that dense quasi-2D colloidal bi-disperse hard-sphere suspensions exhibit much more rapid diffusion and relaxation than their 2D counterparts at the same area fraction. This difference is induced by the additional vertical space in the quasi-2D samples in which the small colloids can move out of the 2D plane, therefore allowing overlap between particles in the projected trajectories. Surprisingly, this difference in the dynamics can be accounted for if, instead of using the surface density, one characterizes the systems by means of a suitable structural quantity related to the radial distribution function. This implies that in the two geometries, the relevant physics for glass formation is essentially identical. Our results provide not only practical implications on 2D colloidal experiments but also interesting insights into the 3D-to-2D crossover in glass-forming systems.
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Ciftja, Orion, LeDarion Escamilla, and Ryan Mills. "Shape-Dependent Energy of an Elliptical Jellium Background." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2015 (2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/851356.

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The jellium model is commonly used in condensed matter physics to study the properties of a two-dimensional electron gas system. Within this approximation, one assumes that electrons move in the presence of a neutralizing background consisting of uniformly spread positive charge. When properties of bulk systems (of infinite size) are studied, shape of the jellium domain is irrelevant. However, the same cannot be said when one is dealing with finite systems of electrons confined in a finite two-dimensional region of space. In such a case, geometry and shape of the jellium background play a role on the overall properties of the system. In this work, we assume that the region where the electrons are confined is represented by a jellium background charge with an elliptical shape. It is shown that, in this case, the Coulomb self-energy of the elliptically shaped region can be exactly calculated in closed analytical form by using suitable mathematical transformations. The results obtained reveal the external influence of geometry/shape on the properties of two-dimensional systems of few electrons confined to a small finite region of space.
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GATICA, SILVINA M., M. MERCEDES CALBI, GEORGE STAN, R. ANDREEA TRASCA, and MILTON W. COLE. "QUASI-ONE DIMENSIONAL FLUIDS THAT EXHIBIT HIGHER DIMENSIONAL BEHAVIOR." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 25n26 (October 20, 2010): 5051–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210057195.

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Fluids confined within narrow channels exhibit a variety of phases and phase transitions associated with their reduced dimensionality. In this review paper, we illustrate the crossover from quasi-one dimensional to higher effective dimensionality behavior of fluids adsorbed within different carbon nanotubes geometries. In the single nanotube geometry, no phase transitions can occur at finite temperature. Instead, we identify a crossover from a quasi-one dimensional to a two dimensional behavior of the adsorbate. In bundles of nanotubes, phase transitions at finite temperature arise from the transverse coupling of interactions between channels.
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Gauthier, Guillaume, Matthew T. Reeves, Xiaoquan Yu, Ashton S. Bradley, Mark A. Baker, Thomas A. Bell, Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop, Matthew J. Davis, and Tyler W. Neely. "Giant vortex clusters in a two-dimensional quantum fluid." Science 364, no. 6447 (June 27, 2019): 1264–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aat5718.

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Adding energy to a system through transient stirring usually leads to more disorder. In contrast, point-like vortices in a bounded two-dimensional fluid are predicted to reorder above a certain energy, forming persistent vortex clusters. In this study, we experimentally realize these vortex clusters in a planar superfluid: a 87Rb Bose-Einstein condensate confined to an elliptical geometry. We demonstrate that the clusters persist for long time periods, maintaining the superfluid system in a high-energy state far from global equilibrium. Our experiments explore a regime of vortex matter at negative absolute temperatures and have relevance for the dynamics of topological defects, two-dimensional turbulence, and systems such as helium films, nonlinear optical materials, fermion superfluids, and quark-gluon plasmas.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Two Dimensional Confined Geometry"

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Morrow, Matthew Thomas. "Investigations in two-dimensional arithmetic geometry." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11016/.

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This thesis explores a variety of topics in two-dimensional arithmetic geometry, including the further development of I. Fesenko's adelic analysis and its relations with ramification theory, model-theoretic integration on valued fields, and Grothendieck duality on arithmetic surfaces. I. Fesenko's theories of integration and harmonic analysis for higher dimensional local fields are extended to an arbitrary valuation field F whose residue field is a local field; applications to local zeta integrals are considered. The integral is extended to F^n, where a linear change of variables formula is proved, yielding a translation-invariant integral on GL_n(F). Non-linear changes of variables and Fubini's theorem are then examined. An interesting example is presented in which imperfectness of a positive characteristic local field causes Fubini's theorem to unexpectedly fail. It is explained how the motivic integration theory of E. Hrushovski and D. Kazhdan can be modified to provide a model-theoretic approach to integration on two-dimensional local fields. The possible unification of this work with A. Abbes and T. Saito's ramification theory is explored. Relationships between Fubini's theorem, ramification theory, and Riemann-Hurwitz formulae are established in the setting of curves and surfaces over an algebraically closed field. A theory of residues for arithmetic surfaces is developed, and the reciprocity law around a point is established. The residue maps are used to explicitly construct the dualising sheaf of the surface.
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Pearl, Jason M. "Two-Dimensional Numerical Study of Micronozzle Geometry." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2016. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/579.

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Supersonic micronozzles operate in the unique viscosupersonic flow regime, characterized by large Mach numbers (M>1) and low Reynolds numbers (Re<1000). Past research has primarily focused on the design and analysis of converging-diverging de Laval nozzles; however, plug (i.e. centerbody) designs also have some promising characteristics that might make them amenable to microscale operation. In this study, the effects of plug geometry on plug micronozzle performance are examined for the Reynolds number range Re = 80-640 using 2D Navier-Stokes-based simulations. Nozzle plugs are shortened to reduce viscous losses via three techniques: one - truncation, two - the use of parabolic contours, and three - a geometric process involving scaling. Shortened nozzle are derived from a full length geometry designed for optimal isentropic performance. Expansion ratio (ε = 3.19 and 6.22) and shortened plug length (%L = 10-100%) are varied for the full Reynolds number range. The performance of plug nozzles is then compared to that of linear-walled nozzles for equal pressure ratios, Reynolds numbers, and expansion ratios. Linear-walled nozzle half-angle is optimized to to ensure plug nozzles are compared against the best-case linear-walled design. Results indicate that the full length plug nozzle delivers poor performance on the microscale, incurring excessive viscous losses. Plug performance is increased by shortening the nozzle plug, with the scaling technique providing the best performance. The benefit derived from reducing plug length depends upon the Reynolds number, with a 1-2% increase for high Reynolds numbers an up to 14% increase at the lowest Reynolds number examined. In comparison to Linear-walled nozzle, plug nozzles deliver superior performance when under-expanded, however, this trend reverses at low pressure ratios when the nozzles become over-expanded.
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Stallard, William George. "Optical investigations of laterally confined two-dimensional electron gases." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244412.

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Nagi, Jasbir Singh. "Two dimensional superconformal field theory and graded geometry." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615220.

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Nussbaum, Doron Carleton University Dissertation Computer Science. "Directional separability in two and three dimensional space." Ottawa, 1988.

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Bowman, John V. "Transport in a confined two-dimensional electron gas with longitudinal potential variations." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/958798.

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Since the discovery of conductance quantization within a nanostnucture, investigations have sought out causes to conductance fluctuations beyond the established plateaus. The focus of this work is to show the fundamental effects upon conductance due to longitudinal potentials and double quantum boxes when confined by hardwall boundaries. A theoretical model based upon a tight-binding recursive tureen's function methodology was modified to incorporate potential barrier variations. A qualitative evaluation, as well as, explanation of the model's results and limitations is discussed.
Department of Physics and Astronomy
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Wickramasinghe, Thushan E. "Growth Techniques and Optical and Electrical Characterization of Quantum Confined Zero-Dimensional and Two-Dimensional Device Structures." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou156631995093606.

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Akhtar, Kareem. "Numerical Investigation using RANS Equations of Two-dimensional Turbulent Jets and Bubbly Mixing layers." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34512.

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This thesis presents numerical investigations of two-dimensional single-phase turbulent jets and bubbly mixing layers using Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. The behavior of a turbulent jet confined in a channel depends on the Reynolds number and geometry of the channel which is given by the expansion ratio (channel width to jet thickness) and offset ratio (eccentricity of the jet entrance). Steady solutions to the RANS equations for a two-dimensional turbulent jet injected in the middle of a channel have been obtained. When no entrainment from the channel base is allowed, the flow is asymmetric for a wide range of expansion ratio at high Reynolds number. The jet attaches to one of the channel side walls. The attachment length increases linearly with the channel width for fixed value of Reynolds number. The attachment length is also found to be independent of the (turbulent) jet Reynolds number for fixed expansion ratio. By simulating half of the channel and imposing symmetry, we can construct a steady symmetric solution to the RANS equations. This implies that there are possibly two solutions to the steady RANS equations, one is symmetric but unstable, and the other solution is asymmetric (the jet attaches to one of the side walls) but stable. A symmetric solution is also obtained if entrainment from jet exit plane is permitted. Fearn et al. (Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol. 121, 1990) studied the laminar problem, and showed that the flow asymmetry of a symmetric expansion arises at a symmetry-breaking bifurcation as the jet Reynolds number is increased from zero. In the present study the Reynolds number is high and the jet is turbulent. Therefore, a symmetry-breaking bifurcation parameter might be the level of entrainment or expansion ratio. The two-dimensional turbulent bubbly mixing layer, which is a multiphase problem, is investigated using RANS based models. Available experimental data show that the spreading rate of turbulent bubbly mixing layers is greater than that of the corresponding single phase flow. The presence of bubbles also increases the turbulence level. The global structure of the flow proved to be sensitive to the void fraction. The present RANS simulations predict this behavior, but different turbulence models give different spreading rates. There is a significant difference in turbulence kinetic energy between numerical predictions and experimental data. The models tested include k-ε, shear-stress transport (SST), and Reynolds stress transport (SSG) models. All tested turbulence models under predict the spreading rate of the bubbly mixing layer, even though they accurately predict the spreading rate for single phase flow. The best predictions are obtained by using SST model.
Master of Science
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Nsibi, Mohamed Ali. "Asymmetric magnetic domain walls motion in a two-dimensional geometry : causes and effects." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY047.

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L’étude du déplacement par le courant électrique des parois de domaine magnétique a généré beaucoup d’intérêt depuis l’observation de leurs importantes vitesses de déplacement dans des multicouches ayant une asymétrie d’inversion verticale (SIA). Cet intérêt se justifie par leur fort potentiel pour de nouvelles applications à basse consommation d’énergie en mémoire cache ou mémoires centrale. L’inversion de symétrie (SIA) induit deux mécanismes dont l’action conjointe permet de déplacer efficacement les parois de domaines. Il s’agit d’une contribution énergétique chirale, appelée l’interaction Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DMI), et des couples de spin-orbite (SOT). Ce modèle reste incomplet vu qu’il n’explique pas plusieurs résultats expérimentaux. De plus, une contribution dissipative chirale appelée l’amortissement anisotrope, également induite par la SIA, a été proposée récemment et dont le rôle, sous courant, n’as pas encore été étudié.Le but de ce travail a été d’amener une connaissance détaillée des différentes interactions en jeu dans la dynamique des parois de domaine. Pour cela, j’ai étudié la propagation de parois sous courant dans une géométrie non colinéaire. Cette étude a été réalisée dans des systèmes ayant des SIA différentes (Pt/Co/Pt et Pt/Co/AlOx). Dans cette géométrie, j’ai observé l’asymétrie du déplacement qui illustre la compétition entre les contributions chirales d’énergie et d’amortissement dans des multicouches à faible SIA. Quant aux multicouches à forte SIA, l’asymétrie ne peut être expliquée par l’action conjointe de DMI et SOT même dans le régime à forte mobilité. Une des conséquences de ce type de déplacement est de contribuer à la déviation des bulles de skyrmion en mouvement. Nous avons appelé cet effet l’effet Hall extrinsèque des skyrmions.En mettant en évidence de nouveaux effets induits par SIA, les résultats de cette thèse contribuent à une meilleur compréhension des mécanismes intervenant dans les déplacements des parois et des skyrmions sous courant dans les multicouches magnétiques
The study of the current-induced magnetic domain walls motion has attracted a lot of interest since the report of their large velocities of motion in thin layers with structural inversion asymmetry (SIA). This interest comes from their high potential for low power consumption functionalities in cache and main memories applications. The SIA induces two mechanisms whose combined action allows to drive efficiently the domain walls. The two mechanisms are the chiral energy term, called the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), and the spin-orbit torques (SOT). This model is still incomplete since it does not explain several experimental results. In addition, a chiral dissipation term called the chiral damping, also induced by SIA, has recently been proposed. However, its effect on current-induced domain wall motion has not been studied.The objective of this work was to bring a more detailed understanding of the interactions involved in the domain wall motion. To that end, I have studied the domain wall motion in a non-collinear geometry with respect to the current, in materials with different SIA (Pt/Co/Pt and Pt/Co/AlOx). This motion has been found to be asymmetric. It illustrates the interplay between chiral energy and chiral dissipation in current-induced domain wall motion in weak SIA materials. In large SIA materials, the DMI and SOT model, even in the flow regime of motion, cannot explain this asymmetry. I have also evidenced that the asymmetric non-collinear domain wall motion induces a well-defined deflection of the skyrmion bubbles. This is the first observation of the extrinsic skyrmion Hall effect.The results of this thesis contribute to the understanding of the physical mechanisms behind domain wall and skyrmion motion in ultrathin layers by evidencing supplementary effects from SIA
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Nassef, Roger A. "Developing laminar flow and heat transfer characteristics in two-dimensional domains of complex geometry." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=70331.

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Convective heat transfer in a steady developing laminar flow in domains of complex geometry is investigated numerically using the finite difference method and orthogonal boundary-fitted coordinates. A Fortran code was developed and validated. The following cases involving complex flow domains were examined in detail; (1) The flow and heat transfer characteristics of Newtonian and power-law fluids in a two-dimensional duct fitted with transverse fins of triangular, semi-circular, and rectangular sections. The calculated velocity distribution is compared with experimental measurements made with a laser-Doppler anemometer. (2) The flow and heat transfer in a two-dimensional 90$ sp circ$ bend formed between two corrugated walls with variable corrugation angles. The results are compared with those obtained for a plain bend and a straight corrugated duct. (3) The flow and heat transfer under a submerged, confined slot jet impinging on planar, wavy, and semi-circular target surfaces. The containment surface was either perpendicular to the jet axis or inclined at a different angle to it.
The Nusselt number and friction factor dependence on the appropriately defined Reynolds number and domain geometry was examined; a number of correlations based on extensive numerical experiments are proposed for design calculations. The physical domains chosen in this study have potential applications in heat transfer augmentation and novel compact heat exchanger designs.
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Books on the topic "Two Dimensional Confined Geometry"

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Get in shape: Two-dimensional and three-dimensional shapes. New York, NY: Children's Press, 2018.

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Glenda, Lappan, and Michigan State University, eds. Shapes and designs: Two-dimensional geometry. Boston, MA: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2006.

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Lappan, Glenda. Shapes and designs: Two-dimensional geometry. Palo Alto, CA: Dale Seymour Publications, 1998.

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Lappan, Glenda. Shapes and designs: Two-dimensional geometry. Palo Alto, CA: Dale Seymour Publications, 1998.

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Zhu, YinBo. Phase Behavior of Two-Dimensional Water Confined in Graphene Nanocapillaries. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7957-8.

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Two-dimensional geometric variational problems. Chichester: Wiley, 1991.

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Glenda, Lappan, and Michigan State University, eds. Covering and surrounding: Two-dimensional measurement. Palo Alto, CA: Dale Seymour Publications, 1996.

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Huang, Yi-Zhi. Two-dimensional conformal geometry and vertex operator algebras. Boston: Birkhauser, 1997.

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Lappan, Glenda. Covering and surrounding: Two-dimensional measurement. Glenview, Ill: Prentice Hall, 2002.

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Lappan, Glenda. Covering and surrounding: Two-dimensional measurement. Glenview, Ill: Prentice Hall, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Two Dimensional Confined Geometry"

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Coxeter, H. S. M. "Two-Dimensional Projectivities." In Projective Geometry, 49–59. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-6385-2_6.

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Wickham-Jones, Tom. "Two-Dimensional Geometry." In Mathematica Graphics, 369–410. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2586-7_16.

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Angell, Ian O. "Two-Dimensional Coordinate Geometry." In Advanced Graphics with the IBM Personal Computer, 48–69. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07338-2_3.

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Bobenko, Alexander I., Carl O. R. Lutz, Helmut Pottmann, and Jan Techter. "Two-Dimensional Laguerre Geometry." In Non-Euclidean Laguerre Geometry and Incircular Nets, 5–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81847-0_2.

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Baer, Stephan, and Klaus Ensslin. "Two-Dimensional Electron Gases." In Transport Spectroscopy of Confined Fractional Quantum Hall Systems, 9–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21051-3_2.

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Reshetnyak, Yu G. "Two-Dimensional Manifolds of Bounded Curvature." In Geometry IV, 3–163. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02897-1_1.

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Ambjørn, Jan. "Two-Dimensional Quantum Gravity." In Elementary Introduction to Quantum Geometry, 81–106. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003320562-6.

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Novikov, S., and I. Taimanov. "Geometry of two-dimensional manifolds." In Graduate Studies in Mathematics, 53–83. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/gsm/071/03.

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Agranovich, V. M., and O. A. Dubovskii. "Effect of Retarded Interaction on the Exciton Spectrum in One-Dimensional and Two-Dimensional Crystals." In Confined Electrons and Photons, 795–98. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1963-8_34.

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Gasparini, Francis M., and Ilsu Rhee. "Scaling of Confined 4He at the Superfluid Transition." In Excitations in Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Quantum Fluids, 323–33. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5937-1_31.

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Conference papers on the topic "Two Dimensional Confined Geometry"

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Jebauer, Steffen, and Justyna Czerwinska. "Slip Flow Structures in Confined Geometries." In ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2008-62125.

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This paper presents various flow structures related to velocity slip and temperature jump in very low Reynolds number gas flow. The structures differ significantly from the ones observed in continuum regime for laminar flow, especially if the geometry has complex structure, which is very often the case in microfluidic devices. We are modelling the flow as a continuum Navier-Stokes gas flow with additional velocity slip and temperature jump boundary conditions for curved surfaces for slip flows with Knudsen numbers Kn < 0.1. For complex channel geometries with obstacles and curved walls vortex patterns are observed that are related to the thermal stress slip flow. This type of flow is induced only when non-uniform temperature distributions inside flow domains are present. The investigated geometries consist of one or more cylinder walls with diameters of up to a few 100 μm placed inside of confined microchannels, with all setups being two-dimensional. In gaseous microdevices the resulting complex flow patterns can be utilised to enhance mixing or heat transfer.
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Lu, Wei, and Dongchoul Kim. "Void Evolution via Coupled Creep and Electromigration in Confined Small Scale Interconnects." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14923.

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This paper proposes a three dimensional electromigration model for void evolution in small scale interconnects. Concurrent kinetics of creep flow and surface diffusion as well as the effect of surrounding material are considered to provide better understanding of the evolution process. The multiple kinetics and energetics are incorporated into a diffusive interface model. A semi-implicit Fourier spectral method and the preconditioned biconjugate-gradient method are proposed in the computations to achieve high efficiency and numerical stability. We systematically studied kinetic processes from diffusion dominated to creep dominated. Which process dominates, as revealed by the analysis, is determined by a combination of viscosity, mobility, interconnect thickness, and void radius. Previous studies on electromigration suggest that the void shape evolution is determined by the competition between the electron wind force and the surface energy. There exists a critical initial void shape, which determines whether a void evolves into a slit or not. However, our simulations show that in the same situation a creep dominated process can lead to a quite different morphology. A spherical void can evolve into a bowl shape, and further split into two smaller voids. It is also shown that the interconnect geometry has an important effect.
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Dinu, Constantin A., and Donald E. Beasley. "Transport Processes for a Row of Confined Jets Impinging on a Moving Surface." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-1084.

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Abstract The common architecture of the fluid delivery devices employed in the horizontal processing of printed wiring boards, makes use of high velocity jets directed normally or at some angle towards the board which moves above rollers. Usually, a single slot jet or a linear arrays of jets are employed in order to increase the transport properties of the flow in the vicinity of the printed wiring board. In the present study, a geometry resembling a fluid delivery device used in printed wiring board manufacturing was investigated both experimentally and numerically. The printed wiring board is represented by an endless belt, which is transported horizontally by a system of rollers. The working fluid is delivered by an array of 13 square jets with a hydraulic diameter of 5.02 mm and a separation distance between jets of 4 hydraulic diameters. Two confinement plates located on each side of the jet array are used to confine the flow region and adjust the flow resistance at the two openings — between the rollers and the confinement plates — symmetrically located with respect to the centerline of the row of jets. The experimental setup and the numerical model both allowed the investigation of the effect of complex confinement (due to the board, confinement plates and rollers) and of the moving boundaries (impingement surface and rollers) on the characteristics of impinging flow. The flow field and the heat transfer characteristics were investigated for the jet Reynolds number ranging from 500 to 2000, non-dimensional impingement surface velocity ranging from 0 to 1 and non-dimensional impingement distance of 3 and 5. The CFD simulations were performed using the commercial CFD code PHOENICS. Flow visualization and particle image velocimetry were employed in order to experimentally investigate the flow field and validate the CFD simulations. The predicted results compare well with the observed jet behavior. A detailed description of the flow physics is presented. The numerical simulations show that for the same mass flow rate, the row of jets has a higher transport effectiveness when compared to a slot jet.
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Vasilikis, Daniel, and Spyros A. Karamanos. "Buckling Design of Confined Steel Cylinders Under External Pressure." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77216.

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Thin-walled steel cylinders surrounded by an elastic medium, when subjected to uniform external pressure may buckle. In the present paper, using a two dimensional model with nonlinear finite elements, which accounts for both geometric and material nonlinearities, the structural response of those cylinders is investigated, towards developing relevant design guidelines. Special emphasis is given on the response of the confined cylinders in terms of initial imperfections; those are considered in the form of initial out-of-roundness of the cylinder and as an initial gap between the cylinder and the medium. Furthermore, the effects of the deformability of the surrounding medium are examined. The results indicate significant imperfection sensitivity and a strong dependency on the medium stiffness. The numerical results are employed to develop a simple and efficient design methodology, which is compatible with the recent general provisions of European design recommendations for shell buckling, and could be used for design purposes.
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Di Domenico, Massimiliano, Peter Gerlinger, and Berthold Noll. "Numerical Simulations of Confined, Turbulent, Lean, Premixed Flames Using a Detailed Chemistry Combustion Model." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-45520.

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In this paper numerical simulations of a confined, high strained jet flame employing a detailed chemistry combustion model are presented. Unlike other configurations available in literature, the geometry under investigation presents the jet axis shifted one side of the confining chamber in order to get non-symmetric recirculation zones and a flame stabilization mechanism based on the recirculation of a high percentage of hot combustion products. Fully three-dimensional unsteady simulations are carried out with finite-rate chemistry effects included by means of a detailed reaction scheme. Turbulence-chemistry interaction is taken into account by employing a presumed PDF approach, which is able to close species source terms by solving two additional transport equations. The use of the hybrid RANS/LES SST-SAS turbulence model is able to include large unsteady turbulent structures according to the local grid size and flow conditions. The approach presented here allows an in-depth investigation of flame stabilization mechanisms, ignition phenomena and influence of recirculation regions on flame stability. Additional simulations adopting simpler combustion models (i.e. Eddy-dissipation Concept) are also presented in order to assess the prediction capabilities of methods widely used in design environments. The paper also includes experimental data while comparison in terms of radial profiles at different heights above the burner are provided.
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Unal, Efe, Hojin Ahn, Esra Sorguven, and M. Zafer Gul. "Experimental Investigation of Vortex Structure in the Corrugated Channel." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-66063.

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Vortex structure in a corrugated channel has been studied with a PIV system measuring two-dimensional velocity fields at different locations and Reynolds numbers. The geometry of corrugation under investigation is the two-dimensional reflection of the circular cross-sectional stainless-steel flex pipe. The results show that turbulence caused by the corrugated wall affects the whole flow field in the channel even at low Reynolds number. The bulk flow field is rather chaotic in the entire channel. Moreover, the velocity vectors show significant interaction between the flow in the groove and the bulk flow. Vortex generated from the groove is very unstable and intermittent, and the vortex is not confined within the groove even at low Reynolds number. Vortex in the groove either migrates out of the groove without breaking up, or causes bursting flow from the groove to the bulk. In addition, intermittent and time-mean flow reversals are observed near the crest of the corrugation at low Reynolds number. Though the channel design is intended to be two-dimensional, flow structures in the groove appear to be three-dimensional at high Reynolds number while two-dimensional at low Reynolds number.
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Li, Yaofa, and Minami Yoda. "An Experimental Study of Marangoni Convection in Confined and Volatile Binary Liquids: The Effect of Noncondensables." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-40123.

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Marangoni convection in a liquid layer subject to a horizontal temperature gradient due to variations in the surface tension at the liquid-vapor interface and confined in a rectangular enclosure is a basic problem of heat transfer and fluid mechanics, with applications in evaporative cooling. In general, surface tension increases as temperature decreases, giving rise to thermocapillary stresses that drive liquid coolant away from hot regions. In a volatile binary-fluid mixture, however, the two components can be chosen so that the surface tension of the mixture increases as temperature increases due to differential evaporation, giving rise to solutocapillary stresses that can drive liquid instead towards hot regions, and hence oppose the thermocapillary stresses. It is of course well-known that noncondensables suppress phase change. Yet there have been few, if any studies of how noncondensables affect the Marangoni convection of volatile binary fluids in a confined geometry, where evaporation and condensation must balance. An experimental study was therefore performed of Marangoni convection in a layer of methanol-water (MeOH-H2O) mixture confined in a sealed rectangular cuvette. The cuvette was symmetrically heated on one end and cooled on the other end using Peltier devices, giving temperature differences of ∼6 °C over a horizontal distance of 4.9 cm, and two-dimensional, two-component particle-image velocimetry (2D-2C PIV) was used to measure the velocity fields in this steady flow. The study focuses on convection in liquid layers with a depth of ∼0.3 cm (vs. a test cell height of 1 cm), and how this flow is affected by changes in the relative concentration of noncondensables (i.e., air) in the gas space above the liquid. The results suggest that changing the concentration of noncondensables, which also has a marked effect on the pressure, in the gas space, can be used to “adjust” the relative importance of solutocapillary and thermocapillary stresses.
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Rahman, Muhammad M., and Santosh K. Mukka. "Confined Liquid Jet Impingement on a Plate With Discrete Heating Elements." In ASME 2005 Summer Heat Transfer Conference collocated with the ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2005-72408.

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The primary focus of this paper is the conjugate heat transfer during vertical impingement of a two-dimensional (slot) submerged confined liquid jet using liquid ammonia as the working fluid. Numerical model for the heat transfer process has been developed. The solid region has been modeled along with the fluid region as a conjugate problem. Discrete heat sources have been used to study the overall effect on convective heat transfer. Simulation of discrete heat sources was done by introducing localized heat fluxes at various locations and their magnitudes being varied. Simulations are performed for two different substrate materials namely silicon and stainless steel. The equations solved in the liquid region included the conservation of mass, conservation of momentum, and conservation of energy. In the solid region, only the energy equation, which reduced to the heat conduction equation, had to be solved. The solid-fluid interface temperature showed a strong dependence on several geometric, fluid flow, and heat transfer parameters. The Nusselt number increased with Reynolds number. For a given flow rate, a higher heat transfer coefficient was obtained with smaller slot width and lower impingement height. For a constant Reynolds number, jet impingement height and plate thickness, a wider opening of the slot provided higher average heat transfer coefficient and higher average Nusselt number. A higher average heat transfer coefficient was seen at a smaller thickness, whereas a thicker plate provided a more uniform distribution of heat transfer coefficient. Higher thermal conductivity substrates also provided a more uniform heat distribution.
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Fogg, David W., and Ken E. Goodson. "Design Considerations for the Effects of Liquid Compressibility in Microchannel Flow Boiling." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14380.

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Forced convective flow boiling in microchannels is characterized by the nucleation and rapid growth of vapor bubbles in confined geometries. Confined boiling flows are highly transient yielding periods of rapid vapor formation followed by a refilling of the channel with liquid. This behavior in a single microchannel with constant flow rates can only be correlated with the growth of single bubbles in the channel. Using a one-dimensional Lagrangrian-Eulerian model, Fogg and Goodson [1] showed that reflections of these pressure waves create local pressure depressions that may trigger nucleation at temperatures not predicted by incompressible analysis. This study extends the work of Fogg and Goodson [1] by examining the influence of channel and chip geometry on the propagation of pressure perturbations within microchannels. A set of equations are proposed to estimate the amplitude of the initial pulse and its evolution through various geometries such as converging/diverging channels and sudden expansions/contractions. Simulations of two single channel experimental structures show that the flow delivery condition plays a minimal role in the reflection and propagation of pressure perturbations and that channel design may impact the nucleation characteristics of microchannels.
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Manabe, Kaito, Sasuga Ito, Masato Furukawa, Kazutoyo Yamada, Nobuhito Oka, Isao Tomita, and Yoshihiro Hayashi. "Simultaneous Optimization of Impeller Blade Loading Distribution and Meridional Geometry for Aerodynamic Design of Centrifugal Compressor." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-5358.

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Abstract The present optimum design method has been advanced for simultaneous optimization of impeller blade loading distribution and meridional geometry. This is based on an aerodynamic design method and a genetic algorithm. The aerodynamic design method consists of two parts: a meridional viscous flow analysis and a two-dimensional inverse blade design procedure. In the meridional viscous flow analysis, an axisymmetric viscous flow is numerically analyzed on a two-dimensional grid to determine the flow distribution around the impeller and diffuser. Effects of blades onto the axisymmetric flow field are considered by a blade force modeling. In the inverse blade design procedure, 3-D impeller geometry can be obtained from the result of meridional viscous flow analysis and the predetermined blade loading distribution. In the optimization procedure, the total pressure ratio and adiabatic efficiency obtained from the meridional viscous flow analysis are employed as objective functions. As a constraint of the optimization, mass flux distribution at the impeller trailing edge is introduced in the evaluation procedure, in order to suppress the boundary layer development near the shroud, especially under low flow rate condition. Total performances and three-dimensional flow fields of centrifugal compressors have been analyzed by 3D-RANS simulations to certify effectiveness of the present design method. The 3D-RANS simulations and the flow visualization have been applied to a conventional centrifugal compressor and optimized design cases. From the analysis results, the performance enhancement of optimized designs is confirmed under low flow rate condition including design point. In addition to that, it is revealed that the constraint works effectively on the performance improvement. As a result, construction of the simultaneous optimization using the aerodynamic design method and the genetic algorithm is successfully achieved.
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Reports on the topic "Two Dimensional Confined Geometry"

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Wang, Yong-Yi. PR-350-154501-R01 Evaluation of Girth Weld Flaws in Vintage Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011600.

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Being able to estimate the tensile strain capacity (TSC) of vintage girth welds is sometimes necessary in the integrity management of vintage pipelines. For instance, assessing the girth weld integrity could be a top priority after a confirmed ground movement event. Decisions may also be needed about the disposition of a girth weld when weld anomalies are found. This project is aimed to develop a TSC estimation tool for vintage girth welds. The work includes two parts: (1) the development of a TSC estimation tool via numerical analysis and (2) the evaluation of the developed tool via experimental testing. This report covers both the development and evaluation of the TSC estimation tool. The tool was developed by taking the outcome of the case-specific TSC analysis using Level 4a procedures of the PRCI-CRES tensile strain models and considering large ranges of material and dimensional parameters. The curved wide plate (CWP) and accompanying small-scale tests were conducted to evaluate the tool. The applicability and limitations of the tool are covered in this report. The tool developed in this project has a user-friendly interface and an accompanying help manual. The tool takes user inputs, such as the geometry and material properties of pipe and weld, flaw dimensions, and pipeline pressure, and provides an estimated TSC. For the inputs that might not have readily available values, recommended values are provided. This tool allows the evaluation of the impact of various input parameters on TSC. The ability to estimate the TSC enables operators to assess the integrity of vintage girth welds, thus facilitating the prioritization of maintenance activities and reducing unnecessary remediation work.
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Rashevska, Natalya V., Serhiy O. Semerikov, Natalya O. Zinonos, Viktoriia V. Tkachuk, and Mariya P. Shyshkina. Using augmented reality tools in the teaching of two-dimensional plane geometry. [б. в.], November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4116.

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One of the successful components of quality assimilation of educational material and its further use in the learning process is visualization of material in secondary education institutions. Visualizations need the subjects of the school course, which are the most difficult to understand and essentially do not have at the beginning of the study of widespread practical application, mostly mathematical objects. That is why this study aimed to analyze mobile tools that can be used to visualize teaching geometry. The object of the study is the process of teaching geometry in the middle classes of secondary schools. The subject of the study is the use of augmented reality tools in teaching geometry to students in grades 7-9. The study used such research methods as the analysis and justification of the choice of mobile augmented reality for the study of mathematics. Analyses displayed two augmented reality tools: ArloonGeometry and Geometry AR. In order to gain geometry instruction’s academic success for the students, these tools can be used by teachers to visualize training material and create a problematic situation. The use of augmented reality means in the geometry lessons creates precisely such conditions for positive emotional interaction between the student and the teacher. It also provided support to reduce fear and anxiety attitudes towards geometry classes. The emotional component of learning creates the conditions for better memorization of the educational material, promotes their mathematical interest, realizes their creative potential, creates the conditions for finding different ways of solving geometric problems.
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Stewart, Devin O., and Roger L. Simpson. Effects of Spacing and Geometry of Distributed Roughness Elements on a Two-Dimensional Turbulent Boundary Layer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada462101.

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Hasan, M. Z., and R. W. Conn. Two-dimensional toroidal geometry neutral atom transport and material erosion rates in the TEXTOR and TFTR tokamaks. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5628040.

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Slater, C. O. Two-dimensional DORT discrete ordinates X-Y geometry neutron flux calculations for the Halden Heavy Boiling Water Reactor core configurations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7084830.

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Roesler, Jeffery, Roberto Montemayor, John DeSantis, and Prakhar Gupta. Evaluation of Premature Cracking in Urban Concrete Pavement. Illinois Center for Transportation, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-001.

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This study investigated the causes for premature, transverse cracking on urban jointed plain concrete pavements in Illinois. A field survey of 67 sections throughout Illinois coupled with ultrasonic evaluation was completed to synthesize the extent of premature cracking on urban JPCP. The visual survey showed some transverse and longitudinal cracks were a result of improper slab geometry (excessive slab length and width). Ultrasonic tests over the contraction joints determined some notched joints had not activated and adjacent transverse cracks were likely formed as a result. Three-dimensional finite-element analyses confirmed that cracking would not develop as a result of normal environmental factors and slab-base frictional restraint. The concrete mixture also did not appear to be a contributing factor to the premature cracks. Finally, the lack of lubrication on dowel bars was determined to potentially be a primary mechanism that could restrain the transverse contraction joints, produce excessive tensile stresses in the slab, and cause premature transverse cracks to develop.
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AN ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR EVALUATING THE DEFLECTION AND LOAD-BEARING AND ENERGY ABSORPTION CAPACITY OF ROCKFALL RING NETS CONSIDERING MULTIFACTOR INFLUENCE. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2022.18.3.1.

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In this study, an analytical method for evaluating the structural performance, including maximum deflection, load-bearing, and energy absorption capacity of a steel wire-ring net, was proposed to effectively design the ring net of the flexible barrier systems. Puncture tests of the ring nets and two-point traction tests of the three-ring chains with various wire-ring specifications were conducted. Correlation analysis was used to test the results between ring nets and chains, revealing that three structural performance indicators of the test specimens were strongly related. The ring net’s structural performance was affected specifically by ring chains on the shortest load transfer path. Accordingly, a three-ring chain with a flexible boundary corresponded to a fibre–spring element. A three-dimensional analytical model of the ring net was established. Explicit formulas for computing the three indicators of the ring net were derived. Comprehensive quasi-static and impact tests, using different shapes and sizes of punching devices, were conducted, providing valuable data to calibrate and validate this analytical method. The ability of the model in yielding consistent results when implemented at the structure scale was then assessed, based on the data of full-scale impact tests on a 1500kJ-energy rockfall barrier. Lastly, the effects of various factors, such as single ring geometry, the length–width ratio of the net, loading area size, boundary stiffness, and load rate, influencing the structural performance indicators of the ring net were investigated, respectively.
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