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Academic literature on the topic 'Twin deficits in Nepal'

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Published: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Twin deficits in Nepal"

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Bhatt, Naw Raj, and Babu Ram Karki. "Twin Deficit Hypothesis: A Study of Nepal." Economic Journal of Nepal 43, no. 1-2 (June 30, 2020): 80–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ejon.v43i1-2.48027.

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This paper aims to examine the causal relationship between the budget deficit and the current account deficit of Nepal using time series data sets for the period from 1975 to 2019. Based on the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model, the empirical finding indicates that rising budget deficits put more stress on the current account deficits in the both long-run and the short-run. Furthermore, the Granger Causality test reconfirms that unidirectional causation runs from budget deficit to current account deficit, which supports the conventional theory of the positive relationship between fiscal and external deficits, i.e. the twin deficit hypothesis for Nepal. The probable adverse effects that arise from such kind of relationship in the economy should be incorporated by the government of Nepal and concerned stakeholders by adopting appropriate policy measures as well as its effective implementation.

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Shastri, Shruti. "Re-examining the twin deficit hypothesis for major South Asian economies." Indian Growth and Development Review 12, no. 3 (November 11, 2019): 265–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/igdr-11-2018-0124.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to revisit the twin deficit hypothesis (TDH) and provide insights into the transmission mechanism connecting budget deficits and current account deficits for five major South Asian countries, namely, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan Sri Lanka and Nepal for the period 1985-2016. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a multivariate framework including real interest rate, real exchange rate and real gross domestic product to avoid the possibility of incorrect inferences caused by omission of relevant mediating variables. The long-run relationship and causality are investigated through the autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach and Toda Yamamoto approach, respectively, for each individual country. The robustness of the results is assessed with the help of Westerlund’s cointegration test and group mean fully modified ordinary least squares (GM-FMOLS), group mean dynamic ordinary least square (GM-DOLS) and common correlated effect mean group (CCEMG) estimators in the panel framework. Findings Both time series and panel evidences indicate long-run relationship between budget balance (BB) and current account balance (CAB) together with the mediating variables. The results indicate bi-directional causation between the two balances for India and Bangladesh, TDH for Pakistan and Sri Lanka and the reverse causation from CAB to BB for Nepal. Regarding the transmission mechanism, the results indicate the absence of the causal chain postulated by Mundell–Fleming, which predicts that BB causes CAB via interest rate and exchange rate. A CCEMG estimate of the import demand function reveals a positive government spending elasticity of imports suggesting that BB affects CAB by direct impact through demand. Originality/value This study augments the twin deficit literature on South Asian countries by providing insights into the transmission mechanism connecting the BB and CAB. Moreover, the study provides robust evidences on the TDH by using both time series and panel data techniques.

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Pixley, J. F. "Beyond Twin Deficits." American Journal of Economics and Sociology 58, no. 4 (October 1999): 1091–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1536-7150.1999.tb03409.x.

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M.R., Anantha Ramu. "‘Twin Deficits’ Hypothesis." Foreign Trade Review 52, no. 1 (July 28, 2016): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732516650825.

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Higher and persistent level of fiscal deficit and current account deficit is the problem of the day for Indian economy. There exists an argument that higher fiscal deficit is the major factor behind worsening balance of payments position. However, there is no identical perception on the relationship between fiscal deficit and current account deficit both theoretically and empirically. Hence this article is a revisit to the existing debate to see whether fiscal deficit and current account deficit can be called as ‘twin deficits’ pertaining mainly to Indian economy. Using long-term annual data for the period 1980–1981 to 2012–2013 on Indian economy and using vector error correction method, this article seeks to prove that there exists long-term positive association between fiscal deficit and current account deficit, and hence can be called as ‘twins’. Using structural VAR method it has been proved here that fiscal deficit is in line with the pattern illustrated in Keynesian absorption theory and Mundell–Fleming model in regard to its impact on current account deficit. This article negates the relevance of Ricardian equivalence theory in Indian context.

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Sharma, Deepak Kumar, and Eva Garg. "Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 33, no. 2 (October 7, 2013): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i2.8379.

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TTTS is a specific condition that only occurs in multiple pregnancies of monozygotic (monochorionic) twins. When twins share a single placenta, the blood vessels become mutually interconnected in the placenta, so that blood flows back and forth between both twins. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i2.8379 J Nepal Paediatr Soc. 2013; 33(2):157

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Furceri, Davide, and Aleksandra Zdzienicka. "Twin Deficits in Developing Economies." IMF Working Papers 18, no. 170 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781484364000.001.

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Leachman, Lori L., and Bill Francis. "Twin Deficits: Apparition or Reality?" Applied Economics 34, no. 9 (June 2002): 1121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036840110069976.

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Kim, Chul-Hwan, and Donggeun Kim. "Does Korea have twin deficits?" Applied Economics Letters 13, no. 10 (August 15, 2006): 675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504850500404910.

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Furceri, Davide, and Aleksandra Zdzienicka. "Twin Deficits in Developing Economies." Open Economies Review 31, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11079-019-09575-1.

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Paudyal, Shoora B. "Do Budget Deficits Raise Interest Rates in Nepal?" NRB Economic Review 25, no. 1 (May 8, 2013): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nrber.v25i1.52700.

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This paper examines short term and long term relationship between nominal interest rates and budget deficits for Nepal using the data for 1988 to 2011. Engle and Granger Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) is applied for the analysis. The regression results show that budget deficits and budget deficits- GDP ratio do not have significant effects on nominal interest rates in Nepal. So, budget deficits in Nepal are interest rates neutral. We come to the conclusion that budget deficits are not crowding out the private investment in this country. However, the deficits have been increasing the burden of loans financing current consumption at the expense of the future consumption, which will have serious implications on the growth of economy.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Twin deficits in Nepal"

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Acharya, Shankar Prasad. "Relationship between twin deficits in Nepal." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1269.

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Yanik, Yeliz. "The Twin Deficits Hypothesis: An Empirical Investigation." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608286/index.pdf.

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This study investigates the validity of the twin deficits hypothesis for the Turkish quarterly data over the 1988:1-2005:2 periods. To this end, we consider a VAR variable space containing budget deficits, current account deficits, real output, real interest rates and real exchange rates and employ cointegration, equilibrium/error correction mechanism techniques along with Granger-non-causality tests and impulse response analyses. The empirical results from decompositions of the budget and current account deficits into their cyclical and structural components suggest that both CAD and BD are counter-cyclical. The twin deficit hypothesis, consistent with the conventional Mundell-Flemming framework, postulates that current account and budget deficits move together in the long run and the causality runs from the former to the latter. The results from Engle-Granger and Johansen cointegration procedures support either the twin divergence or the Ricardian equivalence postulations but not the twin deficits hypothesis. Current account deficits and budget deficits are also found to be jointly endogenous. The short-run impacts of budget deficits on current account deficits are found to be mainly through the real exchange rate and real interest rate channels.

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Datta, Kanchan. "Twin deficits phenomenon in maldives : an econometric enquiry." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/672.

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Aworinde, Olalekan B. "Budget deficits and economic performance." Thesis, University of Bath, 2013. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.629656.

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This thesis examines the effects of budget deficits on the current account imbalance and inflation in African countries. The aims of this thesis are; first, to use higher frequency data. Most studies in African countries use annual data; by contrast we use quarterly data. Second, to examine the dynamic interaction between fiscal deficits and current account imbalances using VAR models. Third, to explore the long-run relationship between the twin deficits, using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) of Pesaran, Shin and Smith (2001). Fourth, to assess the long-run relationship between the twin deficits using the threshold autoregressive models of Hansen and Seo (2002). Fifth, to model inflation as being non-linearly related to fiscal deficits using the asymmetric cointegration approach of Enders and Siklos (2001). The second chapter discusses the theoretical framework and review of the empirical literature on twin deficits and fiscal deficits and inflation. We find much evidence in support of the twin deficits hypothesis that increase in government deficits leads to increase in the current account deficits. There is little empirical study on the Ricardian equivalence hypothesis. From the twin deficits literature, we observe that where the twin deficits hypothesis holds there is a high degree of openness and also countries operates a flexible exchange rate. The empirical literature on fiscal deficits and inflation suggests that fiscal deficits are inflationary in high inflation economies and developing countries, but not in low inflation and developed countries. The third chapter examines the time series properties of the series using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, the Phillip-Perron test and the Lee and Strazicich (2003) two-break unit root test. Results for the unit root test reveals that majority of the series are significant in their first differences. By contrast applying the LM two structural break test shows that the majority of the series are significant around two structural breaks. The fourth chapter analyses the twin deficits hypothesis using a VAR model. Results show that a positive government deficit shock increases the current account deficit in Botswana, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Morocco, South Africa and Tanzania while the current account improves in response to a positive government deficit shock in Cameroon and Uganda. Also in response to a positive government deficit shock, the current account remains constant in Kenya, Nigeria and Tunisia. The fifth chapter examine the long run relationship between the twin deficits hypothesis accounting for structural breaks using the Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) model. Results show that the fiscal deficit in the twelve African countries has long run impact on the current account deficit. The sixth chapter examines the relationship between fiscal deficit and current account deficit using the bi-variate threshold cointegration model of Hansen and Seo (2002) for nine countries where the fiscal deficits and current account deficits were significant at first differences. We find evidence of a positive cointegrating relationship between the current account and the fiscal balances for Botswana, Cameroon, Egypt, Morocco, Nigeria and Tanzania; and a negative cointegrating relationship in Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda. The seventh chapter examines the long-run relationship between fiscal deficits and inflation in eleven African countries using the TAR and M-TAR models of Enders and Siklos (2001). Results show that fiscal deficits and inflation are asymmetry in Botswana, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Morocco and Tanzania. This thesis centres on the twin deficits and fiscal deficits and inflation in African countries. Conclusions from the empirical chapters indicate that large fiscal deficits is the cause of current account deficits, and that fiscal deficits are inflationary. This study further suggests that African countries should spend their resources on projects that will accelerate the level of growth and development.

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Badinger, Harald, de Clairfontaine Aurélien Fichet, and Wolf Heinrich Reuter. "Fiscal Rules and Twin Deficits: The Link between Fiscal and External Balances." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2015. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4579/1/wp196.pdf.

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This paper investigates the relationship between countries' fiscal balances and current accounts with an emphasis on the role of fiscal rules. The direct effect of fiscal policy on the current account via aggregate (import) demand is potentially amplified by indirect effects, materializing through interest rate effects and inter-generational transfers that reduce savings. On the other hand, the implied positive relation between fiscal and external balances is potentially attenuated by offsetting changes in savings through Ricardian equivalence considerations. We expect this attenuation effect to be stronger in countries with more stringent fiscal rules and test this hypothesis using a panel of 73 countries over the period 1985-2012. As previous studies we find a positive effect of fiscal balances on the current account, supporting the twin deficit hypothesis. However, the effect of fiscal balances on the current account depends on the stringency of fiscal (budget balance or debt) rules in place; it is reduced by one third on average and virtually eliminated for countries with the most stringent fiscal rules. (authors' abstract)
Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

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Badinger, Harald, de Clairfontaine Aurélien Fichet, and Wolf Heinrich Reuter. "Fiscal rules and twin deficits: the link between fiscal and external balances." Wiley, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/twec.12427.

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This paper investigates the relationship between countries' fiscal balances and current accounts with an emphasis on the role of fiscal rules. The direct effect of fiscal policy on the current account via aggregate (import) demand is potentially amplified by indirect effects, materialising through interest rate effects and intergenerational transfers that reduce savings. On the other hand, the implied positive relation between fiscal and external balances is potentially attenuated by offsetting changes in savings through Ricardian equivalence considerations. We expect this attenuation effect to be stronger in countries with more stringent fiscal rules and test this hypothesis using a panel of 73 countries over the period 1985-2012. As with previous studies, we find a positive effect of fiscal balances on the current account, supporting the twin deficit hypothesis. However, the effect of fiscal balances on the current account depends on the stringency of fiscal (budget balance or debt) rules in place; it is reduced by one-third on average and virtually eliminated for countries with the most stringent fiscal rules.

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INCERPI, ANDREA. "Of finance and trade: three essays on the Italian economic history." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1048682.

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Globalization and international dynamics have always been crucial to understand modern economic development. Balance of payments dynamics, budget deficit, cur- rent account and international trade are the common subjects analyzed in order to deepen the issue from a macroeconomic perspective. The three chapters of the thesis cover exactly these topics. The first chapter provides new and robust estimates of the Italian current account between 1861 and 1914 overcoming the lacking data context showed by previous studies. In particular, focus is on the main entries of the invis- ible trade balance, that are: remittances, tourism, freights and capital interests. The second chapter shed lights on the relationship between budget deficit and current account deficit testing the so-called “twin deficit hypothesis” and exploiting part of the series of the first chapter together with other dataset. The econometric analysis is applied to both the short-run and the long-run. The third paper deepen the role of freights within the Italian international trade by looking to a new unit transport cost series presented for the first time in this kind of literature. The analysis is extended also to some specific determinants of trade such as bulkiness and distance.

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Brittle, Shane Anthony. "Fiscal policy and private saving in Australia Ricardian equivalence, twin deficits and broader policy inferences /." Access electronically, 2009. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/3032.

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Wan, Latifah W. M. "Financial sector reforms in the ASEAN economies in the 1980s : macromodelling of debt and twin deficits." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11541/.

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This thesis addresses issues of debt and the twin deficits - two serious ‘economic ills’. The central issue in this thesis (Part II) is on macromodelling of the twin deficits in an attempt to identify their determinants. This involves an investigation of the underlying theory and empirical evidence to show the workings of the links between debt and the twin deficits and between the twin deficits themselves. The usual practice in both theory and in empirical work, is to take the accounting identity and one or two other variables that are hypothesised to have effects on the twin deficits and posit causal linkages. We try to avoid this by building on the stylized facts on each of the macroeconomic aggregates and linking them to debt issues in building a full structural model of debt and the twin deficits. We arrive at a system of simultaneous equations, which none of the previous theory or empirical work has derived. We rename the deficit system of simultaneous equations which incorporates a debt identity and an output equation the `new twin deficits' model – signifying a departure from the conventional wisdom discussed in the literature survey. With the macromodel, we address three issues simultaneously, which are: (1) the linkages between twin deficits and increased indebtedness. (2) the details of internal policies that have effects on the twin-deficits and increased indebtedness. (3) the linkages between debt, twin-deficits and output. The first issue involves the broader mechanism that explains the link between the government, the private and the external sector balances, and their links to changes in debt. Previous studies on the twin deficits covers the first part of this issue and gives evidence for the U. S. that the government sector caused the unprecedented level of external deficits in the mid 1980s and early 1990s. In our case, we argue that the change in debt equals the external deficits because according to our findings in Part I debt and deficits seem to co-move. Our macromodel also focus on the second issue, that is, the details of the internal policies that affect each of the three sector deficits and eventually increased indebtedness. The variables involved are numerous such as tax policies (rates, revenue elasticities, etc. ), financial policies (interest rates, investment versus savings behaviour, etc. ), trade policies (import liberalisation/control, exports strategies, exchange rates, prices, etc. ), debt policies, etc. as shown in the system of simultaneous equations in Chapter 5. Although the variables are numerous, there are some common ones appearing together in either two or all three of the system of equations which are expected to cause co-movements in the system. Obviously, consideration has to be made on their significance, magnitude and signs. The third issue involves recognising the supply side in response to debt and deficits which are demand-side management. The model thus ensures not only equilibrium in the internal and external sectors but also equilibrium in aggregate supply and the aggregate demand. The former equilibrium always holds because the identity serves as a constraint. For the latter equilibrium to hold, either one or a combination of the price variables found in the system adjust to maintain equilibrium in the short-run, while output adjusts to maintain equilibrium in the long-run. Having outlined the core of the thesis, it is appropriate to comment on the other parts. Part I presents the roots of debt and deficits; how developing countries accumulated debt and how it became a crisis in the 1980s. The debt and deficits situation in ASEAN in the 1980s is a particular focus. The essence of debt problem seems to be the adverse economic situation of the 1980s, against the background of mounting accumulation of debt. Exogenous shocks such as the second oil shock, terms of trade shocks, interest rates hikes, dollar exchange rate appreciation, are among the factors that are associated with debt problems. Debt and deficits co-move in the representative Latin American and ASEAN countries. Differences among regional experiences are highlighted. For example the African countries went into debt problem not because of debt accumulation. The main crux of their problem is non-performance export sector. Excessive lending by creditors are associated with the Latin American countries, apart from loans contracted on floating rates which are associated with valuation changes and capital flight. The ASEAN region moved towards yen credit in the mid 1980s, presumably insulating their economy with further spill-overs from other NICs' recycling of surpluses. The differences in experiences necessitates different treatment, or case by case approach to debt problems. In Part III, we present some empirical work on aspects of debt management. Debt servicing capacity or creditworthiness is examined using the logit approach. We builtin the marginal and elasticity analysis into the logit model so as to identify which variables are the most significant determinants. The exercise combines variables taken from the balance of payments and financial variables from the balance sheet to detect which variables cause debt servicing breakdown. The breakdown of debt servicing capacity is proxied by reschedulings, taken in terms of probabilities because it is not known a priori that a debtor will become illiquid and unable to repay interest payments falling due. We postulate that it is the foreign exchange scarcity, measured by their net borrowing requirements which comprise of the current account deficits including interest repayments and the principal due, that drive a country to demand for rescheduling. We investigate the determinants of rescheduling for each region separately to capture the differences in their experiences with indebtedness. The most important determinants of rescheduling are; the ratio of the current account deficits to export, the reserves to import ratio and the total debt to exports. In the African sample, the current account deficits to exports, the total debt to exports and the use of IMF credits are the most important determinants for rescheduling. As in the case of the Latin American countries, The current account deficits to exports, the debt service ratio and the use of IMF credit are most important. In ASEAN, the debt service ratio appears to be the single most significant ratio. Thus, the differences in experiences among regions, a cross section for all developing countries will ignore the uniqueness of each region in running into debt servicing difficulties. In the last part of the thesis, the exchange rate management is discussed in Chapter 7, relating exchange rate to import and export demand function to eventually determine the contribution of foreign exchange, through the elasticity approach, towards foreign exchange earnings and reducing debt service. Debt service seems to have links with exchange rates movements. We suggest that devaluation does have positive effects in the ASEAN countries to increase its foreign exchange earnings. Finally, we conclude and suggest some policy implications, especially pertaining to our twin deficit model. It is hoped that ASEAN would turn the already huge debt accumulation to more profitable investments so that not only timely repayment of loans is possible, the growth of output is ensured and the sustained industrialisation is possible!

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Salekeen, Serajes, and Aliya Khabdulina. "The medium-term determinants of the current account: the study of the "savings glut" and the "twin deficits" arguments." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-9665.

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Over the last decade, the world economy has been characterized by an alarming escalation of global current account imbalances. The United States and many of other high-income countries have been running huge current account deficits; according to basic accounting principles, these deficits have to be counterbalanced by increasing current account surpluses in other parts of the world. The latter (current account surpluses) are mainly incurred by newly industrialized economies in the East Pacific and rapidly developing oil exporters.

The paper investigates the medium-term determinants of the current account based on the sample of 24 countries over the period of 1990-2004. The choice of explanatory variables for the analysis is backed up by the two theories of current account imbalances, namely, the "savings glut" and the "twin deficits "arguments. The results of the regression model show that both above-mentioned theories can be credited for the emergence of global current account imbalances. Moreover, our findings suggest some remedial measures to improve the situation based on the mix of policy tools from both "savings glut" and "twin deficit" perspectives.

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Books on the topic "Twin deficits in Nepal"

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Toll of the twin deficits. New York, N.Y: CED, 1987.

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M, Rock James, ed. Debt and the twin deficits debate. Mountain View, Calif: Mayfield Pub. Co., 1991.

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Gibson, Heather D. Twin deficits in credit-rationed economics. Canterbury: University of Canterbury at Kent, 1992.

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Chen, Baizhu. The twin deficits: empirical evidence in Canada. Toronto, Ont: York University, Department of Economics, 1993.

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Wolf, Charles. A proper perspective on the twin deficits. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corp., 1989.

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Wolf, Charles. A proper perspective on the twin deficits. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation, 1989.

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Fountas, Stilianos. Twin deficits, real interest rates and international capital mobility. [Galway]: Department of Economics, National University of Ireland, Galway, 2000.

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Tootell, Geoffrey M. B. Back to the future: Monetary policy and the twin deficits. [Boston]: Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, 1992.

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Tootell, Geoffrey M. B. Back to the future: Monetary policy and the twin deficits. [Boston]: Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, 1992.

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Beyond the twin deficits: A trade strategy for the 1990s. Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Twin deficits in Nepal"

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Eisner, Robert. "The Twin Deficits." In Profits, Deficits and Instability, 255–67. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11786-4_13.

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Davidson, Louise. "Macroeconomic Policy and the Twin Deficits." In Money and Employment, 408–29. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11513-6_28.

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Fountas, Stilianos, and Christopher Tsoukis. "Twin Deficits, Real Interest Rates, and International Capital Mobility." In Aspects of Globalisation, 67–82. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8881-2_5.

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Eisner, Robert, Paul J. Pieper, Ali F. Darrat, Dennis Placone, and Holley Ulbrich. "National Saving and the Twin Deficits: Myth and Reality." In The Economics of Saving, 109–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3294-9_3.

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Shaikh, Anwar. "Three Balances and Twin Deficits: Godley versus Ruggles and Ruggles." In Contributions in Stock-flow Modeling, 125–36. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230367357_6.

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Defries, J. C., Jim Stevenson, Jacquelyn J. Gillis, and Sally J. Wadsworth. "Genetic Etiology of Spelling Deficits in the Colorado and London Twin Studies of Reading Disability." In Reading Disabilities, 83–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2450-8_6.

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Duwicquet, Vincent. "Twin deficits." In Elgar Encyclopedia of Post-Keynesian Economics, 424–25. Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781788973939.twin.deficits.

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Mirdala, Rajmund. "Twin Deficits in European Transition Economies." In Neo-Transitional Economics, 299–333. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/s1569-376720150000016013.

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Robinson, Joann L., and Robert N. Emde. "Emotional Development in the Twin Study." In Infancy to Early Childhood, 123–26. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195130126.003.0009.

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Abstract The past 50 years have witnessed increasing interest in the child’s early emotional development, but the focus of interest has repeatedly changed in the face of new discoveries and new opportunities for research. At mid-century, attention was directed to the importance of early emotional development when the world became aware of the devastating effects of deprivations in early caregiving. Observations of such effects pointed to serious deficits and distortions in emotional processes (Bowlby, 1951; Goldfarb, 1945; Spitz, 1945, 1946). Infant emotions could be observed directly, and filmed, conveying not only sadness and depression, but also other emotions such as distress (evidenced by crying) and pleasure (evidenced by smiling). Many studies were stimulated by these observations, which then documented normal developmental mile stones in the appearance of emotional expressions such as crying-distress and smiling and the circumstances under which they occurred. This in turn led to another focus of research, namely, developmental transitions that often introduced new emotional expressions as well as the periods of adaptive organization in between such transitions.

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Papadamou, Stephanos, and Eleftherios Spyromitros. "The Twin Deficit as an Early Warning Sign in Avoiding Crises." In Advances in Finance, Accounting, and Economics, 310–31. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9484-2.ch015.

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By analyzing the causes and consequences of Greek debt crisis, we identify early warning fiscal and financial signals. The existence of twin deficits for a number of years can be characterized as the key fiscal indicator concerning the debt problems faces Greece. Moreover, indicators from the banking sector also reveal significant information for the Greek crisis. The interdependence of banking and government sectors and opportunistic political behavior can affect dramatically a small economy. Common currency reveals structural weaknesses of the Greek economy.

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Conference papers on the topic "Twin deficits in Nepal"

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Bayram Soylu, Özgür. "THE TWIN DEFICITS PROBLEM IN INDIA." In 2nd International Scientific Conference. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2018.348.

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Mehmetaj, Nevila. "Twin Deficits: Apparition or Reality for Albania." In 6th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2022 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.2022.17.

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Abstract:

This study examines the validity of the Keynesian Twin Deficits hypotheses (TDH) for Albania, using time series data of the span period from 2008 to 2021. The twin deficit hypothesis implies a long-run positive correlation running from the budget deficit to the current account deficit. For this, the Stationarity test, the Johansen co-integration test, the Granger causality, and VEC model techniques are used to examine the long-run and short-run relationship between budget balance, current account deficit, and real growth rate. The empirical findings suggest that the Keynesian twin deficits hypothesis is not valid in the context of the Albanian economy, the budget deficit has a negative relationship to the current account deficit. The policy implication of the results is that prudent management of the fiscal budget of the government may not prove to be a suitable policy instrument for the evaluation of the current account balance improvement.

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Baigonushova, Damira. "Testing the Twin Deficit Hypothesis for Kyrgyzstan Economy." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01413.

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Abstract:

Twin deficits hypothesis suggests that there is a positive relationship between budget and current account deficits. The present study examines Twin Deficits Hypothesis over the period of 2005:01–20013:12 in Kyrgyzstan by using Vector Autoregressive Model technique. The results show that there are relationships between government expenditure, export and import. The causalities are from government expenditure to export and import. These results confirm the Keynesian view, which asserts the existence of twin deficits, meaning that the state budget deficit at weak real economy, in an open economy, increase imports, which is the cause of twin deficits in the economy of Kyrgyzstan. To solve the problem of twin deficits, the state must pursue an active foreign trade policy in addition to fiscal policy, as it is proven empirically the state budget deficit has a big impact on trade deficit, but not the main factor of trade deficit.

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Reports on the topic "Twin deficits in Nepal"

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Aggarwal, Rishabh, Adrien Auclert, Matthew Rognlie, and Ludwig Straub. Excess Savings and Twin Deficits: The Transmission of Fiscal Stimulus in Open Economies. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30185.

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