Journal articles: 'Twentieth Century European Literarure'

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Czerwinski, E. J., and Brian Docherty. "Twentieth-Century European Drama." World Literature Today 68, no. 2 (1994): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40150348.

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Vadelorge, Loïc. "European Museums in the Twentieth Century." Contemporary European History 10, no. 2 (July 2001): 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777301002077.

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James D. Herbert, Paris 1937: Worlds on Exhibition (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998), 207 pp., £31.50, ISBN 0-801-43494-7. Andrea Kupfer Schneider, Creating the Musée d'Orsay. The Politics of Culture in France (University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1998), 150 pp., $25.00, ISBN 0-271-01752-X. Juan Pedro Lorente, Cathedral of Urban Modernity. The First Museums of Contemporary Art, 1800–1930 (Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998), £47.50, ISBN 1-859-28383-7. Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, Direction des Musées de France, Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Sociologie des Organisations, Musée National du Moyen Age, Publics et projets culturels. Un enjeu des musées en Europe. Actes des Journées d'étude 26 et 27 octobre 1998, Paris, Musée national du Moyen Age (Paris: L'Harmattan, 2000), price not given, ISBN 2-738-48645-2. Paul Rasse, Les Musées à la lumière de l'espace public. Histoire, évolution, enjeux (Paris: L'Harmattan, Logiques Sociales, 1999), 238 pp., price not given, ISBN 2-738-47769-0. Selma Reuben Holo, Beyond the Prado. Museums and Identity in Democratic Spain (Liverpool University Press, 1999), 222 pp., price not given, ISBN 0-853-23535-X. Brandon Taylor, Art for the Nation. Exhibitions and the London Public 1747–2001 (Manchester University Press, 1990), 314 pp., price not given, ISBN 0-719-05452-4.

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Yosypenko, Serhii. "The long twentieth century?" Filosofska dumka (Philosophical Thought) -, no. 3 (November 3, 2022): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fd2022.03.083.

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The paper describes the historical and intellectual foundations on which the European political system was built after the Second World War; this system pursued the goal to prevent any war in Europe, but proved unable to prevent the russian-Ukrainian war. The paper shows that this system was built not only because of the trauma of the First and Second World Wars, but also in accord- ance with the liberal attitude to war, which M. Vatter called «war with “war”»; at the same time, such a clear attitude does not refer to real wars, but to an imaginary «war of all against all». Based on the analysis of the principles and results of the research project “War and Society” under the direction of J. Baechler, the author outlines the principles of liberal Realpolitik as the implementation of the mentioned attitude in the realm of wars: it consists in their rationalization both at the level of goals and at the level of means of warfare; such a rationalization finally makes war irrational and unacceptable. From the point of view of such Realpolitik, war is only an extraordinary means of politics, and the russian-Ukrainian war is only an excess of violence, while in the opinion of the author, it is an inevitable consequence of the irrational and violent russian-Ukrainian extrapolitical conflict, whose stakes is the existence self of Ukraine. The author believes that one of the reasons for the inability of the European political system to prevent the russian-Ukrainian war is the belief that with the end of the Cold War, the “century of total war” in Europe also ended, and that the economic and cultural integration of post-communist countries into the European space makes such conflicts impossible. The author refers to the description of the own logic of wars of the 20th century, proposed in R. Aron’s book «The century of total war», and suggests considering the russian-Ukrainian war as a continuation of these wars. In the perspective pro- posed by R. Aron, the mentioned «century of total war» can be considered as a «long 20th century», which continues to this day.

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King, Charles. "Eastern European nationalism in the twentieth century." International Affairs 72, no. 4 (October 1996): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2624201.

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Jones, Philip N. "European migration in the late Twentieth Century." Political Geography 16, no. 7 (September 1997): 618–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0962-6298(97)86325-1.

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GROSS, STEPHEN G. "Introduction: European Integration across the Twentieth Century." Contemporary European History 26, no. 2 (May 2017): 205–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096077731700011x.

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This forum explores continuities and transformations in the way Europeans thought about integrating their continent politically, economically and ideologically across the twentieth century. It questions the idea of aStunde Null, which sees European integration primarily as a response to the destruction of the Second World War. Instead, the forum shows how mentalities, ideologies, challenges and constraints that arose before 1945 shaped the way European elites conceptualised and pursued unification in the post-war decades. The European leaders who orchestrated integration after 1945 were looking both backward and forward, trying to revive older visions for a unified continent and overcome long-standing problems while simultaneously aspiring to a new, supranational regional order that would preserve Europe's position as a global power. In exploring such continuities, this forum adds a regionalist dimension to the burgeoning literature – by Patricia Clavin, Daniel Gorman, Mark Mazower and others – on the connections between interwar internationalism and the post-1945 global order, and on the continuity of intellectuals, experts and politicians through the middle half of the twentieth century.

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Broadberry, S. N., and N. F. R. Crafts. "EUROPEAN PRODUCTIVITY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY: INTRODUCTION." Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 52, no. 4 (May 1, 2009): 331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1990.mp52004001.x.

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Ene D-Vasilescu, Elena. "Twentieth Century Developments in European Icon Painting." IKON 9 (January 2016): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.ikon.4.00029.

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KLAUTKE, EGBERT. "ANTI-AMERICANISM IN TWENTIETH-CENTURY EUROPE." Historical Journal 54, no. 4 (November 7, 2011): 1125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x11000276.

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ABSTRACTSince the beginning of the twentieth century, European observers and commentators have frequently employed the term ‘Americanization’ to make sense of the astonishing rise of the USA to the status of a world power. More specifically, they used this term to describe the social changes brought about by industrialization and urbanization. In this context, European intellectuals have often used ‘America’ as shorthand for ‘modernity’; across the Atlantic, they believed, it was possible to learn and see the future of their own societies. Criticism of ‘the Americanization of Europe’ – or the world – easily led to outright anti-Americanism, i.e. a radical and reductionist ideology which held the USA responsible for the economic, political, or cultural ills of modern societies. The war in Iraq in 2003 and the alienation between the USA and France and Germany that followed provided a new impetus for studying the history of European perceptions of America. A large number of studies have since been published that deal with the history of the ‘Americanization of Europe’ and anti-Americanism, and several monographs, which are based on original research and promise new insights, will be the focus of this historiographical review.

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Luciuk, Lubomyr, and Michael R. Marrus. "The Unwanted: European Refugees in the Twentieth Century." International Migration Review 19, no. 4 (1985): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2546111.

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Hamilton, Keith A. "The unwanted: European refugees in the twentieth century." International Affairs 63, no. 1 (1986): 127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2620274.

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Kocka, Jurgen. "The Short Twentieth Century from a European Perspective." History Teacher 28, no. 4 (August 1995): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/494634.

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Stern, Fritz, and Michael R. Marrus. "The Unwanted: European Refugees in the Twentieth Century." Foreign Affairs 64, no. 4 (1986): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20042734.

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Fox, J. P. "The Unwanted. European Refugees in the Twentieth Century." German History 5, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gh/5.1.119.

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Swain, G. R. "The Unwanted: European Refugees in the Twentieth Century." German History 8, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gh/8.1.106.

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Elbe, Stefan. "European nihilism and annihilation in the twentieth century." Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions 1, no. 3 (December 2000): 43–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14690760008406940.

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GORDON, FELICIA. "Reproductive Rights: The Early Twentieth Century European Debate." Gender & History 4, no. 3 (September 1992): 387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0424.1992.tb00156.x.

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Romer, K. Gird. "Young, Britian And The World In The Twentieth Century." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 24, no. 1 (April 1, 1999): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.24.1.41-42.

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Britain and the World in the Twentieth Century is a fine book. It is well written, well organized, and very informative. The work is part of a series titled "International Relations and the Great Powers," a series that includes Japan and the World since 1868, with titles such as France and the World in the Twentieth Century, and The United States and the World in the Twentieth Century forthcoming. The author of Britain and the World in the Twentieth Century, John W. Young, Professor of Politics at the University of Leicester, also wrote Britain and European Unity, 1945-92, Winston Churchill's Last Campaign, and Cold War Europe. Professor Young has a firm grasp of the material and the ability to present it clearly. The author does presuppose a slight knowledge of twentieth-century English and European history on the part of the reader, but a detailed knowledge is not necessary.

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NEHRING, HOLGER, and HELGE PHARO. "Introduction: A Peaceful Europe? Negotiating Peace in the Twentieth Century." Contemporary European History 17, no. 3 (August 2008): 277–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777308004499.

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AbstractThe introduction to this special issue on peace in twentieth-century Europe develops a novel interpretation of twentieth-century European history. Rather than focusing on the question of the impact of war and violence within European societies, it seeks to examine what we can gain from exploring how peace was established and maintained in the wake of wars in various European societies. In particular, it focuses on the manifold ways in which different social and international actors negotiated peace, both literally and symbolically. Taken together, the contributions to this special issue thus present a much more complex picture of twentieth-century Europe than the one of a ‘Dark Continent’ (Mark Mazower) ravaged by violence or that propagated by European institutions of a peaceful Europe.

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GUNN, SIMON. "European Urbanities since 1945: A Commentary." Contemporary European History 24, no. 4 (October 16, 2015): 617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777315000363.

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Europe's history since 1945 has most commonly been seen through the prism of international politics and economic change, from post-war reconstruction to late twentieth-century deindustrialisation. Urban history has been tangential to these accounts. Hence Leif Jerram's call to arms in his book Streetlife, published in 2011: ‘it is time to put the where into the what and why of history’. The history of Europe's twentieth century, Jerram declared, happened ‘in the streets and factories, cinemas and nightclubs, housing estates and suburbs, offices and living rooms, shops and swimming baths of Europe's booming cities’.

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Blakesley, Jacob. "Examining Modern European Poet-Translators ‘Distantly’." Translation and Literature 25, no. 1 (March 2016): 10–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/tal.2016.0235.

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Despite the flourishing of Translation Studies as a discipline, there has been little comparative assessment of modern European poet-translators, much less from a quantitative perspective. This article illustrates the use of statistical analysis of modern European poet-translators to understand literary currents and translation trends within and among national European literatures. Statistical results reveal fundamental differences in the practice of translation among European poets, specifically, twentieth-century Italian, French, Spanish, and English-language poets. It becomes clear which European poets translated the most and from which languages, as do contrasts in translation trends between national literatures through the twentieth century.

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Johnson, Paul. "Social Policy in Europe in the Twentieth Century." Contemporary European History 2, no. 2 (July 1993): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777300000424.

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The 1980s proved to be a tough decade for European welfare states. The post-war ‘welfare consensus’, which perhaps had never been quite so strong or coherent as many contemporary historians and commentators had assumed, was finally laid to rest. The five great spectres identified by Beveridge want, disease, ignorance, squalor and idleness had not been humbled by public welfare provision despite its ever growing scale and cost. At the beginning of the 1980s the OECD published a report on The Welfare State in Crisis which pointed out that as welfare state expenditure had roughly doubled as a percentage of national income in most west European countries since the late 1950s, so economic growth rates had plummeted. The European welfare states appeared to produce few positive welfare benefits, and this minimal achievement was produced at enormous cost which was to the detriment of overall economic growth and societal well-being.

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FORSBACH, RALF. "Health Policy in Twentieth-Century Europe." Contemporary European History 15, no. 3 (July 19, 2006): 417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777306003390.

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Iris Borowy and Wolf D. Gruner eds., Facing Illness in Troubled Times: Health in Europe in the Interwar Years 1918–1939 (Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2005), 424 pp., €64.00 (hb), ISBN 363119486.Horst H. Freyhofer The Nuremberg Medical Trial: The Holocaust and the Origin of the Nuremberg Medical Code, Studies in Modern European History 53 (New York: Peter Lang, 2005), 209 pp., €30.00 (pb), ISBN 0820467979.Ulrike Lindner Gesundheitspolitik in der Nachkriegszeit. Großbritannien und die Bundesrepublik Deutschland im Vergleich, Veröffentlichungen des Deutschen Historischen Instituts London 57 (Munich: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 2004), 581 pp., €64.00 (hb), ISBN 3486200143.

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Miall, Hugh. "The Politics of European integration in the twentieth century." International Affairs 70, no. 2 (April 1994): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2625306.

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Mell, Julie. "Twentieth-Century Jewish Émigrés and Medieval European Economic History." Religions 3, no. 3 (June 27, 2012): 556–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel3030556.

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Calvocoressi, Peter. "The European State in the Twentieth Century and Beyond." International Relations 14, no. 1 (April 1998): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004711789801400101.

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Hall, Derek. "Imagining Outer Space: European Astroculture in the Twentieth Century." Space Policy 28, no. 4 (November 2012): 306–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spacepol.2012.09.013.

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STRASSER, SUSAN. "Complications and Complexities: Reflections on Twentieth-Century European Recycling." Contemporary European History 22, no. 3 (July 1, 2013): 517–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096077731300026x.

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AbstractThis article offers reflections on the scholarship in the special issue. It proposes that the formation of an overall narrative of twentieth-century European recycling is a complex matter, depending on issues of gender, age, class, nationality and representation. It suggests the further complications of writing histories of everyday life, points out the various meanings of ‘recycling’ and interrogates waste as an element of consumer culture.

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Beery, Jason. "Imagining Outer Space: European Astroculture in the Twentieth Century." European Review of History: Revue européenne d'histoire 21, no. 6 (April 2014): 919–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13507486.2014.892705.

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Bassnett, Susan. "Textual liberation. European feminist writing in the twentieth century." Women's Studies International Forum 16, no. 4 (July 1993): 454–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-5395(93)90044-a.

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van Rhee, C. H. "Civil litigation in twentieth century Europe." Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis / Revue d'Histoire du Droit / The Legal History Review 75, no. 3 (2007): 307–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181907783054978.

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AbstractThe present article adresses one of the many topics on which Raoul van Caenegem has focused during his long career: the history of civil procedure. It concentrates on the twentieth century and offers a comparative perspective. The year 1898, in which the influential Austrian Zivilprozessordnung (öZPO) of the 1st of August 1895 took effect, forms the starting point of the article. This Code inaugurated a new era in civil procedure since it introduced a judge with extensive case management powers. The final part of the article discusses the English Civil Procedure Rules, which came into force in 1999. In 1999, even the English judge, who until that time had acted as a mere 'umpire', acquired extensive case management powers. Case management by the judge is now a common European phenomenon.

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S., Lupu. "Romanian Riverine Transports in the Twentieth Century." Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy XXI, no. 2 (December 15, 2018): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21279/1454-864x-18-i2-014.

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This article analyses, in the unitary conception, the whole evolution of the Romanian Riverine Transports in the 20th century, following the next issues:  Development of the river transport capacity;  Evoluţion of the commodities and passenger traffic;  Productivity of the Romanian Riverine Fleet;  Also, this article, aims to establish the position of Romanian RiverineFleet in the hierarchy of the European Continent. We mention that our analysis is based on statistical data that was published in different sources, archives data and own calculation of the main economic and technical indicators.

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Sutjipto, Djoko. "KAJIAN SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN SENI RUPA TRADISI DI INDONESIA (MELALUI STUDI KASUS KEBERADAAN UNSUR RAGAM HIAS PADA KERATON SOLO DAN YOGYA SEJAK AWAL ABAD KE 20)." Jurnal Dimensi Seni Rupa dan Desain 6, no. 1 (September 1, 2008): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/dim.v6i1.1206.

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AbstractThe goal of this articles wants to know all sort of reason that affect vagueness of people's appraisal to Javanese cultural palaces. These analyses start at explanation about educational system, that had been introduced to local people at the begining of the twentieth century by (Dutch) colonial goverment, to have the disposal of literarure approach and field observation. This system of education had produce a new intelectual generatin which have western oriented in teir way of thingking and life, that caused decrease of loyality to tradisional culture, included ornament in palaces interior AbstrakTujuan penulisan ini ingin mengetahui faktor penyebab proses menurunnya apresiasi masyarakat atas seni rupa tradisi ( ragam hias) yang bersumber pada keraton Jawa. bahan kajian yang digunakan berangkat dari fakta sejarah perkembangan pengajaran sistem 'barat' yang diperkenalkan sejak berkuasanya pemerintah kolonial Belanda. Metode penelitian yang digunakan melalui pendekatan analisis deskriptif yang bersumber dari literatur , observasi lapangan dan wawancara. Sebagai hasilnya , sistem pengajaran ini telah melahirkan generasi 'baru' ( kaum terpelajar). Pola pikir, pola sikap , dan pola laku generasi baru ini telah menyebabkan pudarnya kesetiaan dan apresiasi mereka terhadap budaya tradisi umumnya dan seni rupa khususnya.

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GAVALAS, VASILIS S. "Marriage patterns in Greece during the twentieth century." Continuity and Change 23, no. 3 (December 2008): 509–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416008006826.

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ABSTRACTTypologies of marriage patterns in early modern Europe have been formulated by John Hajnal and Peter Laslett. However, demographic and anthropological studies have noticed that marriage patterns in the Balkan area have exhibited such great variability that it is difficult to classify them in any of the categories proposed by Laslett. This article examines the marriage patterns in Greece and some of her island populations in the time-span of the twentieth century. Although the marriage patterns examined do not conform to any pre-defined typology, it seems that up to the first half of the twentieth century the pattern of mainland Greece constituted an intermediate case between the West and the East European marriage patterns but that that on the islands was totally different. The marriage patterns on the Ionian Islands had more features in common with the West European pattern, while the marriage pattern of the Cyclades reveals certain characteristics (but not all) of the Mediterranean pattern.

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Whisenhunt, William. "Brose, A History Of Europe In The Twentieth Century." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 31, no. 1 (April 1, 2006): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.31.1.56.

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Eric Dorn Brose has written a wonderful new survey of the tumultuous history of Europe in the twentieth century. This book is designed as a textbook for a course on twentieth-century European history. While the book is organized chronologically, the true strength of the book revolves around the five themes that reoccur throughout the text.

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Missiroli, Antonio. "European Football Cultures and their Integration: The 'Short' Twentieth Century." Culture, Sport, Society 5, no. 1 (March 2002): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713999845.

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Luciuk, Lubomyr. "Book Review: The Unwanted: European Refugees in the Twentieth Century." International Migration Review 19, no. 4 (December 1985): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838501900409.

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Grant, Andrea N., Stefan Brönnimann, Tracy Ewen, Thomas Griesser, and Alexander Stickler. "The early twentieth century warm period in the European Arctic." Meteorologische Zeitschrift 18, no. 4 (August 1, 2009): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2009/0391.

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Banjeglav, Tamara. "The twentieth century in European memory. Transcultural mediation and reception." Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 19, no. 3 (July 3, 2019): 520–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2019.1654301.

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PATEL, KIRAN KLAUS, and WOLFRAM KAISER. "Continuity and Change in European Cooperation during the Twentieth Century." Contemporary European History 27, no. 2 (April 13, 2018): 165–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096077731800005x.

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To sign the treaty creating the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) the foreign ministers of Belgium, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands met in Paris in April 1951. In a solemn Joint Declaration they stressed that through the newly created organisation, ‘the Contracting Parties have given their determination to set up the first supranational institution and thus lay the real foundations of an organised Europe’. The ministers represented the ECSC as a radical rupture with history, as if Europe had been completely disorganised until the new organisation's creation. In a similar vein, the ECSC Treaty emphasised the member states’ resolution ‘to substitute for historic rivalries a fusion of their essential interests; to establish, by creating an economic community, the foundation of a broad and independent community amongst peoples long divided by bloody conflicts’. Since 1951 official European Union (EU) documents and other sources have forged a similar image, one which has been undergirded by assumptions about the creation of the ‘core Europe’ of the ECSC as a collective ‘supranational’ break with a past characterised by severe ideological divisions and extreme nationalism.

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Galenson, David W. "Toward Abstraction Ranking European Painters of the Early Twentieth Century." Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 39, no. 3 (July 2006): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/hmts.39.3.99-111.

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Bull, Martin J. "The West European communist movement in the late twentieth century." West European Politics 18, no. 1 (January 1995): 78–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01402389508425058.

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Berkowitz, Joel. "Yiddish Modernism: Studies in Twentieth-Century Eastern European Jewish Culture." East European Jewish Affairs 48, no. 3 (September 2, 2018): 442–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13501674.2018.1566588.

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Gravina, Irina V. "Rethinking the One: A.F. Losev and Twentieth-century European Henology." Voprosy Filosofii, no. 10 (2022): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2022-10-76-85.

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The attention of modern philosophy to the ancient concept of the One has led to the emergence of an independent intellectual stream – henology. Although the concept came out from European studies, within Russian philosophy it is best developed by Alexey Losev, Losev characterized “The One” as fundamental category of philosophical knowledge. In this article analyzes the importance of the topic and pays attention to its value for modern ontology and the state of metaphysics in general. It is noted that the discussion of the Oneness is built around one aspect – the crisis of metaphysics and solutions to this problem. Due to the fundamentality of the question, it revolves around the figure of Plato and the Platonic philosophy, but goes different ways. It is noted that, on the one hand, apologists for the One find in Platonism new and valuable ways to justify the position on the impossibility of overcoming metaphysics – the apophatic henology. On the other hand, postmodernists criticise Plato for idealism and apology of hierarchical worldview. In this point of view, concept of the One closes to totalitarian mythologies. It is shown that the concept of henology is contradictory, there are several disputable positions about that. Some authors tend to understand the One only as radical structurally indistinguishable apophatic, others, following the tradition of Christian metaphysics, on the contrary, as a complex system of apophatic and cataphatic character. It is made the conclusion that the systems of henologists in the XX century are united by the attention to ontology in general. Henology thus unites in its dialogue european and russian thought, metaphysical and post-metaphysical, bringing back twentieth-century thinkers to contemplate the foundations of being.

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Hourihan, Kevin. "Urban planning in the twentieth century." Urban History 27, no. 3 (December 2000): 384–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926800000341.

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Over the past thirty years, one of the fastest growing fields of urban history has been the history of planning. In some respects, this is surprising, as urban planning had existed on an institutional basis only since the early twentieth century. In other ways, though, it was a very logical development. Planning reached its high point during the 1960s, and by the 1970s was being condemned in many quarters, being blamed, for example, for disasters like high-rise tower blocks and sacrificing old cities to crude commercial and transport developments. Historical research was necessary to understand how a movement which promised so much at the start of the century had degenerated so badly in sixty years. Criticism became so severe that, in the words of one historian, ‘many planners have certainly thought in more pessimistic moments . . . that the past may be the only thing they have to look forward to’. For whatever reason, the Planning History Group was set up in 1974 and a massive body of historical research on planning has been produced. This paper reviews four recent books on planning, two from North America and two European. They represent different aspects of planning and different time periods and will be treated in chronological order.

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EDER, FRANZ X. "The Politics of Discourse." Contemporary European History 22, no. 2 (April 4, 2013): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777313000106.

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What can we expect from Dagmar Herzog's book on Sexuality in Europe: A Twentieth-Century History, published in a series on ‘new approaches to European history’? First, the series title suggests new approaches to this booming historical subdiscipline. There are plenty of burning questions about the history of sexuality waiting to be answered: the specificity of European sexuality or, perhaps better, sexualities, during the twentieth century, in comparison to the US, in a global context, and even the differences between the twentieth century and earlier periods. On our wish list we also have a comparative view of regional and national sexual cultures during the ‘century of sex’. A range of studies has been published on the history of sexuality in Europe during the last two decades, which could be used for reference and as templates. According to the mission statement of the Cambridge book series Herzog has to write about all these complex questions at the level of undergraduates. Therefore the bar is set really high for a historian of sexuality. To get straight to the point, Herzog has managed most of these requirements well over most passages of her book. It presents a successful combination of general introduction and historical explanation richly illustrated with numerous examples and historical images. The volume therefore offers an easy entrance into this up till now fairly confusing topic. But, as will be shown, she gives only a rather one-sided insight into the state of the art of recent historical research on European sexuality in the twentieth century.

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Tūtlytė, Rita. "The Prose of Marius Katiliškis: Artistic Contours of the Monistic Worldview." Colloquia 34 (May 22, 2015): 60–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.51554/col.2015.29047.

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In this article the author seeks to view novelist Marius Katiliškis’s oeuvre within the framework of European literary tradition, to draw attention to remnants of early twentieth century art’s monistic worldview in the writer’s narratives, and to highlight his artistic expression of the monistic worldview. The author of the article grounds her analysis in the philosophical concept of monism and in studies of its diffusion in late European Romanticism, and in German literary studies (Monika Fick, Marianne Wünsch) of twentieth century literary monism and shifts in literary systems (realism – modernism).Early twentieth century modern European art probed the sensory aspect of human nature and the irrational as important instruments for grasping the unity of the world. The author of the article applies these aspects to her reading of Katiliškis’s prose. A review of narrative strategies allows her to make the convincing argument that Katiliškis’s realistic representation and epic narrative are complemented with twentieth century innovations. The sensory emphasis that is characteristic of his understanding of the world is an instrument that allows him to connect the human and nature as closely together as possible, and to search for a single, foundational principle. The monistic view of the world gives realistic representation greater depth, as attention to social and psychological human relations is complemented by a sense of the unity of life and a mystical dimension: Katiliškis brings monism’s key concepts about the universal basis of life to the traditional human/nature relationship.

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Zarycki, Tomasz. "Maria Renata Mayenowa and the Forgotten Legacy of Polish Theory of Literature and Poetics." Slavonic and East European Review 101, no. 3 (July 2023): 401–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/see.2023.a912465.

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Abstract: This article examines the figure of an outstanding Polish philologist — Maria Renata Mayenowa (1908–88) — attempting to interpret her life trajectory with the help of sociological tools. It is argued that Mayenowa's biography is significant in the context of the history of Polish, as well as Eastern European intellectual thought, for several reasons. First, it can be helpful in the reconstruction of the Polish involvement in the development of social theory in the twentieth century. Second, it provides insight into Polish-Russian, and more broadly, Polish-Eastern European intellectual relations in the twentieth century. Finally, the third reason is the non-obvious forms in which the history of Eastern European Jewish elites, and in particular the Jewish bourgeoisie, manifested itself in her biography.

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Horn, Gerd-Rainer. "Gender and Class in the Twentieth Century." International Labor and Working-Class History 57 (April 2000): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547900212763.

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Few nonspecialists know that Belgium was the first continental European country to benefit and suffer from the Industrial Revolution. Resulting in part from this heritage and also building on an even older tradition of textile manufacturing dating back to the High Middle Ages, Belgium is home to a number of high-quality museums and institutions showcasing and researching the age of industry and its corresponding social movements. Two such organizations are the Archive and Museum of the Socialist Workers Movement (AMSAB) and the Museum of Industrial Archaeology and Textiles (MIAT) in the city of Ghent. On April 27–30, 1999, these two institutions joined forces to organize an international conference on “Gender and Class in the 20th Century.” For several days, participants from Switzerland, the Netherlands, France, Great Britain, and Belgium gathered to listen and respond to a variety of presentations covering the whole range of issues related to the conference theme, from sexuality at the point of production to the discursive construction of poverty as female in the contemporary global age.

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Conrad, JoAnn. "Modernity and Modernism in Twentieth-Century American Picturebooks." International Research in Children's Literature 12, no. 2 (December 2019): 127–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ircl.2019.0306.

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American (US) picturebooks subsumed and indigenised European avant-garde influences in an uneasy tension with the impulses of industrial capitalism, often made apparent in incongruities between image and text. This article revisits the various historical forces that ultimately shaped American picturebooks, taking a hard look at the prevailing narrative. Taking the introduction of the mass-produced Little Golden Book series of the 1940s as a critical moment in which the various threads were integrated and said to have consolidated (Op de Beeck), it reveals the residual underlying tension and contradictions between form and content, ideology and aesthetics, and text and image that inhere in such a resolution.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Twentieth Century European Literarure'

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