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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Rabe, Martin, Andreas Kerth, Alfred Blume, and Patrick Garidel. "Albumin displacement at the air–water interface by Tween (Polysorbate) surfactants." European Biophysics Journal 49, no. 7 (September 11, 2020): 533–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00249-020-01459-4.

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AbstractTween (polysorbate) 20 and 80 are surfactants used for the development of parenteral protein drugs, due to their beneficial safety profile and stabilisation properties. To elucidate the mechanism by which Tween 20 and 80 stabilise proteins in aqueous solutions, either by a “direct” protein to surfactant interaction and/or by an interaction with the protein film at the air–water interface, we used spectroscopic (Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy, IRRAS) and microscopic techniques (Brewster Angle Microscopy, BAM) in combination with surface pressure measurements. To this end, the impact of both types of Tweens with regard to the displacement of the protein from the air–water interface was studied. As a model protein, human serum albumin (HSA) was used. The results for the displacement of the adsorbed HSA films by Tweens 20 and 80 can partially be understood on the basis of an orogenic displacement mechanism, which depends on the critical surface pressure of the adsorbed protein film. With increasing concentration of Tween in the sub-phase, BAM images showed the formation of different domain morphologies. IRRA-spectra supported the finding that at high protein concentration in the sub-phase, the protein film could not be completely displaced by the surfactants. Comparing the impact of both surfactants, we found that Tween 20 adsorbed faster to the protein film than Tween 80. The adsorption kinetics of both Tweens and the speed of protein displacement increased with rising surfactant concentration. Tween 80 reached significant lower surface pressures than Tween 20, which led to an incomplete displacement of the observed HSA film.
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2

Moore, Stephanie A., Sarah E. Moore, Karen M. Glenn, Subhash C. Bhattacharya, and Rama M. Palepu. "Fluorescence quenching of Safranine T by inorganic anions in Tween micelles." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 83, no. 12 (December 1, 2005): 2067–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v05-225.

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The fluorescence quenching of the dye Safranine T by various inorganic anions such as [Fe(CN6)]–3, [Fe(CN6)]–4, I–, Br–, NO2–, and N3– in aqueous solution and in nonionic micellar solutions of Tweens (Tween 20, Tween 40, and Tween 80) was studied. The Stern–Volmer quenching constants and quenching rate constants were evaluated. Compared to the quenching efficiency in aqueous media, that of the micellar media was found to be lower, except when iodide ion was used as a quencher. With the exception of the iodide ion, it has been established that collisional quenching plays a major role in the photophysical process. In the case of the iodide ion, both static and collisional quenching processes play a major role, owing to the complexation of iodide ion with Tween micelles. The Stern–Volmer quenching constants were found to be dependent on the ionic strength of the medium.Key words: fluorescence, static quenching, Tweens, Stern–Volmer constant, micellar media.
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3

������, Evgeniy Markov, ��������, Valeriy Nikolaev, ������, Stanislav Kozlov, ���������, Lyudmila Urbanovich, ��������, and Svetlana Mitkeeva. "ZYMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF LIPOLYTICAL ENZYMES OF SUBCELLULAR VIBRIO CHOLERAE FRACTIONS OF O1 AND O139 SEROGROUPS." Byulleten-Vostochno-Sibirskogo-nauchnogo-tsentra-Sibirskogo-otdeleniya-Rossiyskoy-Akademii-meditsinskih-nauk 1, no. 2 (April 29, 2016): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/20616.

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Zymographic analysis showed that all subcellular fractions of the serogroups possessed different degree of lipolytical activity. Maximal hydrolysis in the radial enzyme-diffusion reaction in agarose gel was observed in Tween-20, Tween-80, Triton �-305 and Triton �- 405. Total hydrolase activity of urea extracts in Tween-20, Tween-80, Triton �- 405, Span-85 excelled those in the preparations of outer membranes. Maximal lipolytical activity in regard to the Tweens was shown by the preparations of urea extracts prepared from the nontoxigenic strains of O1 serogroups, while in relation to the Tritons � preparations of urea extracts from the toxigenic strains (p < 0,05).
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4

Mkhize, J. N., and A. P. Gupta. "The importance of formulating insect growth regulators with surfactants and their blends for the control of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." Insect Science and Its Application 6, no. 2 (April 1985): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758400006603.

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AbstractThe use of surfactants and their blends to improve the penetration of two insect growth regulators (IGRs; hydroprene and R-20458) into wheat kernels was investigated. It was found that formulation of IGRs with a surfactant, Tween-85 (polyoxyethylene trioleate), increased mortality and/or effectiveness of the IGRs. Formulation of hydroprene with a blend of Span-80 (sorbitan monooleate) with Tween-80 (polyoxyethylene monooleate) produced results comparable to those by hydroprene with Tween-85. However, formulations of IGRs with surfactants with high or low hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB), failed to provide suitable control of the weevil, probably due to the type of emulsions formed. The same results were obtained with hydroprene formulations with blends of Spans and Tweens, even though their HLBs were close to that of Tween-85. Residual half-life for hydroprene was about three months; formulations with Tween-85 or a blend of Span-80 did not enhance the residual activity for hydroprene in wheat.
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5

Lee, Nam-Min, and Byung-Hwan Lee. "Mixed Micellizations of TTAB with Other Surfactants (DTAB, CTAB, Tween-20, Tween-40, and Tween-80)." Journal of the Korean Chemical Society 56, no. 5 (October 20, 2012): 556–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5012/jkcs.2012.56.5.556.

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6

Andersen, Lars P., Birgitte Tufte, Jeanette Rasmussen, and Kara Chan. "Tweens and new media in Denmark and Hong Kong." Journal of Consumer Marketing 24, no. 6 (September 18, 2007): 340–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07363760710822927.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a study that compares ownership and usage of new media among young “tween” consumers in Denmark and Hong Kong. Further, it shows the ways of finding new interesting web sites.Design/methodology/approachIn 2004‐2005 a survey was conducted in Denmark and Hong Kong of 434 fourth, fifth and sixth class students. Questionnaires were distributed in six elementary schools. Hypotheses about new media ownership and usage in the two societies are formulated based on the economic development and individualistic/collective cultural dimensions of the societies.FindingsHousehold ownership of new media, ownership of mobile phone and heavy use of the internet were found to be more prevalent among Danish tweens than among Hong Kong tweens. Danish tweens were more likely to use mobile phones and the internet for interpersonal communication and for enjoyment than Hong Kong tweens. Hong Kong tweens used the internet more for educational purposes than Danish tweens. The results seem to support that adoption and consumption of new media are motivated differently in cultures of individualism and collectivism, and consequently that the tween consumer segment is not as globally homogeneous as it is claimed to be.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was based on a convenience sample, thus it may be problematic to generalize from the findings.Practical implicationsThe study can serve as a guideline for marketing communication targeting tweens. The emphasis on the hedonic use and social function of new media may be suitable for a highly developed, individualistic society. In collective societies, marketers may need to put emphasis on the instrumental values of new media, such as improving academic performance.Originality/valueThis paper offers insights into designing communication strategies for Danish and Hong Kong tweens, particularly when incorporating new media. Findings are compared with existing preconceptions of the tween segment in the marketing literature.
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7

Zheng, Anna, Xiang Xu, Huining Xiao, Na Li, Yong Guan, and Shuzhao Li. "Antistatic modification of polypropylene by incorporating Tween/modified Tween." Applied Surface Science 258, no. 22 (September 2012): 8861–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.05.105.

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8

Velding, Victoria. "Depicting Femininity." Youth & Society 49, no. 4 (August 1, 2016): 505–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x14542575.

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Femininity is learned from a myriad of social agents and institutions. An avid consumer of media, today’s pre-adolescent girl, or “tween,” is inundated with messages about how to be a socially acceptable female. What is the nature of these messages tweens are receiving about femininity? Are tween girls in today’s society encouraged to adhere to traditional notions of femininity or are they encouraged to resist these norms? To answer these questions, I performed a content analysis of all advertisements found in Girls’ Life, a magazine whose target audience is the tween girl. Textual and pictorial coding took place for all advertisements in all issues for the years 2007 and 2008. Results revealed the presence of conflicting messages about femininity through the emergence of four themes: female togetherness, focus on appearance, independence, and control. The magazine presents a contradictory version of femininity, one that encourages the adherence to normative prescriptions of femininity while simultaneously encouraging resistance to these norms.
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9

Sarfaraz, Mohammed, Tanvi Goel, and H. Doddayya. "Formulation and Evaluation of Galantamine Hydrobromide Proniosome Gel for Alzheimer’s disease." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, no. 2-s (April 15, 2020): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i2-s.4027.

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Galantamine hydrobromide is formulated in tablets and capsules prescribed through oral delivery for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. However, oral delivery of drugs can cause severe side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and gastrointestinal disturbance. In the present research work, Galantamine hydrobromide is formulated as proniosome gel by Coacervation phase separation method using different surfactants such as Tweens and Spans. Overall eight formulations were developed and evaluated for various parameters. The prepared gels were viewed by naked eye to observe the colour of gel. Microscopical observations of the gels showed vesicles of optimum size from 3.030 mm (P2) - 3.735 mm (P5). The gel also showed optimum rate of spontaneity in the range 9.60 mm3x1000 (P7) to 11.80 mm3x1000 (P4) and entrapment efficiency of vesicles in the range 66.15% (P5) to 86.92% (P3). The gels had pH in suitable range of skin (5.92-6.9). The in vitro drug diffusion studies revealed that the drug diffusion was affected by the various surfactants used. The rank order of surfactant effect on in-vitro drug diffusion was Tween 80 > Tween 60 > Tween 40 >Tween 20 > Span 80 > Span 60 > Span 40 > Span 20. The proniosomal gel containing Tween 80 showed maximum drug diffusion (99.24%) and the gel containing Span 20 showed minimum drug diffusion (71.74%). FT-IR studies of optimized proniosome gel P8 revealed the absence of any chemical interactions between drug and carriers used. Keywords: Galantamine hydrobromide, Proniosome gel, Coacervation phase separation method, Surfactants, in vitro drug diffusion studies.
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10

Kennedy, Melanie, and Natalie Coulter. "Locating Tween Girls." Girlhood Studies 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ghs.2018.110102.

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11

Kothekar, Shrinivas C., Adinath M. Ware, Jyotsna T. Waghmare, and S. A. Momin. "Comparative Analysis of the Properties of Tween‐20, Tween‐60, Tween‐80, Arlacel‐60, and Arlacel‐80." Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology 28, no. 3 (March 2007): 477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01932690601108045.

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12

Lee, Nam-Min, and Byung-Hwan Lee. "Thermodynamics on the Micellization of Pure Cationic(DTAB, TTAB, CTAB), Nonionic(Tween-20, Tween-40, Tween-80), and Their Mixed Surfactant Systems." Journal of the Korean Oil Chemists Society 30, no. 4 (December 30, 2013): 679–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.12925/jkocs.2013.30.4.679.

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13

Shu, Guo Wei, Ji Li Cao, He Chen, Yuan Tan, and Ling Ma. "Orthogonal Test Design for Optimization of Emulsifying Effectiveness of Phytosterol Adding to Milk Using Tween as Emulsifiers." Advanced Materials Research 700 (May 2013): 280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.700.280.

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Effect of four emulsifiers including Tween 20, Tween 40, Tween 60 and Tween 80 on emulsifying effectiveness of phytosterol adding to milk was studied by single factor and orthogonal experiment. The concentrations of four emulsifiers were all 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6% and 0.7%. The optimal emulsified conditions showed as follows: the optimal concentrations of Tween 20, Tween 40, Tween 60 and Tween 80 were 0.40%, 0.40%, 0.20% and 0.30%, respectively, the emulsification R reached 1.043 under the conditions mentioned above.
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14

Cirin, Dejan, Mihalj Posa, Veljko Krstonosic, and Maja Milanovic. "Conductometric study of sodium dodecyl sulfate - nonionic surfactant (Triton X-100, Tween 20, Tween 60, Tween 80 or Tween 85) mixed micelles in aqueous solution." Chemical Industry 66, no. 1 (2012): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind110612059c.

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The present study is concerned with the determination of the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of mixed micelles of sodium dodecyl sulfate with one of five nonionic surfactants (Triton X-100, Tween 20, Tween 60, Tween 80 or Tween 85) from conductance measurements. Based on the calculated values of the ? parameters we have noticed that SDS-nonionic surfactants mostly showed strong synergistic effect. It was found that nonionic surfactants with mainly longer and more hydrophobic tail show stronger interactions with hydrophobic part of SDS, thus expressing stronger synergism. In SDS-Tween 80 binary system the strongest synergistic effect was noticed. SDS-Tween 85 micellar system showed antagonistic effect, most probably because the presence of the double bond in its three hydrophobic tails (three C18 tails) makes it sterically rigid.
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15

Fry, Carri, and Alyssa LaRue. "Chasing Disney: Tween Filmmakers Get Their Shot at Creativity." Children and Libraries 14, no. 4 (December 13, 2016): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/cal.14n4.13.

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Disney knows a thing or two about making movies. So when Derby (KS) Public Library received the Disney sponsored Curiosity Creates grant, we chose to bring the Hollywood filmmaking experience to life with the Tween Moviecraft Creating Creators project. The project brought together thirty tweens ranging in age from 8 to 14, with a median age range of 9 to 10.
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Sørenssen, Ingvild Kvale. "Disney’s High School Musical and the construction of the tween audience." Global Studies of Childhood 8, no. 3 (August 23, 2018): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043610618796722.

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This article explores how the Disney Company scripts what it is to be a tween through the High School Musical trilogy. While children’s perspective is of pivotal concern within childhood studies, it has traditionally left out the material aspects and rather focused too narrowly on the subject and the social. I found that the trilogy was watched several times by tweens, thus in addition to exploring children’s voices and perspectives on media content, we also need to examine what the audience is served. The High School Musical trilogy is about teenagers as they attend high school, while it is the younger age group, tweens, who are the main target audience. Implicitly, this tells us that the Disney text configures its audience as aspiring teenagers. The article sets out to explore how Disney configures its tween audience by looking at how identity and age are scripted in the trilogy. Through the lens of the individualization thesis drawing on Beck and Beck-Gernsheim the article analyzes how age, identity, and individuality is portrayed in the trilogy. The article finds that the paradox of becoming a unique individual on one hand, and social obligations on the other hand, are present in the trilogy subsequently abiding in an ambiguous configuration of tweens through the High School Musical trilogy.
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17

Knoch, Hannah, Maximilian H. Ulbrich, Judith J. Mittag, Julia Buske, Patrick Garidel, and Heiko Heerklotz. "Complex Micellization Behavior of the Polysorbates Tween 20 and Tween 80." Molecular Pharmaceutics 18, no. 8 (July 12, 2021): 3147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00406.

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18

Nirmalayanti, Ni Luh Putu Karunia Vidya. "Skrining Berbagai Jenis Surfaktan Dan Kosurfaktan Sebagai Dasar Pemilihan Formulasi Nanoemulsi." Metta : Jurnal Ilmu Multidisiplin 1, no. 3 (December 28, 2021): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37329/metta.v1i3.1552.

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The main components for making nanoemulsions are oil, surfactants, and cosurfactants. Before formulating nanoemulsions, screening the surfactants and cosurfactants is necessary to produce an optimum formula. Thus, it carries out surfactants screening, namely (tween 20, tween 60, tween 80) and cosurfactants (propyleneglycol, PEG 400, glycerin). This study aimed to screen suitable selection and cosurfactants as the basis for making nanoemulsions. Then, the research method was carried out in two ways: surfactant screening and cosurfactant screening. The final results were analyzed using a pseudoternary phase diagram. The surfactant screening results were tween 20 (40mL), tween 60 (40mL), tween 80 (60mL); thereby, the best surfactant candidate was tween 80. The results of the surfactant screening on the pseudoternary phase diagram are the most optimal, namely tween 80 with propylene glycol because it has a large nanoemulsion formation area. The study proposed the ratio of oil: smix (tween 80 and propyleneglycol) (1:9) as the optimum formula used to make a nanoemulsion base.
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Kumar, Rajeev, Shaik Abdul Hussain, and Debopriya Purkayastha. "Effect of Combination of Tween-80 with Amphiphilic Peptides on Physical Stability of Nanoemulsion Using Low-Energy Emulsification Technique." Asian Journal of Chemistry 35, no. 4 (2023): 905–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2023.27569.

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The current study was investigated to replace Tween-80 with peptides in order to produce physical and microstructure stability of nanoemulsion. Oil phase (2%), Tween-80 (4%) and remaining aqueous phase were taken to form nanoemulsions. In combinations of Tween-80 and peptides three ratios (1:2, 2:1 and 1:1) were taken keeping the overall concentration 4% fixed. The particle size of nanoemulsion stabilized with Tween-80, peptides and combination of Tween-80-peptides (1:2, 1:1, 2:1) were 148.71 ± 1.48, 283.66 ± 10.17, 254.50 ± 14.77, 161.90 ± 3.67, 182.80 ± 5.37 nm, showing smallest particle size with 50% replacement of Tween-80 with peptides. The zeta potential data showed competitive adsorption between Tween-80 and peptides. The polydispersity index of Tween-80:peptides (1:1) had found to be 0.33 ± 0.01 where as Tween-80 and peptides stabilized nanoemulsion had 0.20 ± 0.01 and 0.30 ± 0.05. The changes in electrical conductivity occurred maximum in case of peptides and electrical conductivity decreased with increase in concentration of Tween-80 due to preventing mobility of ions. The storage stability of nanoemulsions were found better at 4 ºC, however Tween-80:peptides (1:1) and peptides stabilized nanoemulsion had particle size growth onwards 14 days at 37 ºC. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of nanoemulsion Tween-80:peptides (1:1) showed uniform distribution of peptides in combination compared with individual peptides stabilized nanoemulsion.
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20

Chouhan, Shailendra, and L. S. Chauhan. "Formulation and Evaluation of Self-emulsifying Drug Delivery System of Poorly Soluble Drug using Varying Chain Surfactants." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research 13, no. 04 (March 11, 2020): 379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25004/ijpsdr.2021.130403.

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In the present study, the aim was to formulate self-emulsifying drug delivery system of mefenamic acid. Two homologous surfactants of Tween series, Tween 20 and Tween 40 were used as surfactants. The two surfactants were used to formulate a self-emulsifying system of mefenamic acid using a common co-surfactant ethanol. The clear microemulsion regions obtained in phase diagram of Tween 40 was larger than Tween 20; which indicates that Tween 40 has good emulsifying ability. Tween 20 has a hydrophobic chain length of 12 carbons, whereas Tween 40 has a hydrophobic chain length of 16 carbons, so increment in carbon chain length provides good self-emulsifying ability due to better shielding of the hydrophobic core. This inference is further consolidated after formulating six different formulations using the two surfactants and subjecting them to various evaluation parameters. The formulations containing Tween 40 were superior in all the evaluation parameters, including particle size, zeta potential, and drug release rate. The optimized formulation’s particle size, zeta potential, and drug release rate (in 60 minutes) were 187.20 nm, -22.2 mV, and 90.42%, respectively
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21

Cook, Daniel Thomas, and Susan B. Kaiser. "Betwixt and be Tween." Journal of Consumer Culture 4, no. 2 (July 2004): 203–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469540504043682.

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Kura, Aminu Umar, Samer Hasan Hussein-Al-Ali, Mohd Zobir Hussein, and Sharida Fakurazi. "Preparation of Tween 80-Zn/Al-Levodopa-Layered Double Hydroxides Nanocomposite for Drug Delivery System." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/104246.

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We incorporated anti-Parkinsonian drug, levodopa (dopa), in Zn/Al-LDH by coprecipitation method to form dopa-LDH nanocomposite. Further coating of Tween-80 on the external surfaces of dopa-LDH nanocomposite was achieved through the oxygen of C=O group of Tween-80 with the layer of dopa-LDH nanocomposite. The final product is called Tween-dopa-LDH nanocomposite. The X-ray diffraction indicates that the Tween-dopa-LDH nanocomposite was formed by aggregation structure. From the TGA data, the Tween-80 loading on the surface of LDH and dopa-LDH was 8.6 and 7.4%, respectively. The effect of coating process on the dopa release from Tween-dopa-LDH nanocomposite was also studied. The release from Tween-dopa-LDH nanocomposite shows slower release compared to the release of the drug from dopa-LDH nanocomposite as done previously in our study, presumably due to the retarding shielding effect. The cell viability study using PC12 showed improved viability with Tween-80 coating on dopa-LDH nanocomposite as studied by mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity (MTT assay).
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23

Sulistiawaty, Lilis, Sri Sugiarti, and Noviyan Darmawan. "Detection of Hg2+ Metal Ions Using Silver Nanoparticles Stabilized by Gelatin and Tween-20." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 15, no. 1 (March 30, 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21216.

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Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by reduction method using glucose as reducing agent for precursor AgNO3. This research was aimed at comparing the stability and performance of silver nanoparticles with stabilizer gelatin (Gelatin-AgNPs) and tween-20 (Tween-AgNPs) produced from the synthesis to the silver nanoparticles without stabilizer, and applying the Gelatin-AgNPs and Tween-AgNPs to detect heavy metal in water sample. The silver nanoparticles produced were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). From measurement of UV-Vis spectrophotometer, the absorbance wavelength of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) appeared in range 411 nm, Gelatin-AgNPs in 417 nm, and Tween-AgNPs in 420 nm. The identification using TEM showed the average size for each AgNPs, Gelatin-AgNPs, and Tween-AgNPs was 11.73, 9.68, and 17.54 nm, respectively. The result showed that Gelatin-AgNPs has better stability compared to Tween-AgNPs. The reaction of Gelatin-AgNPs and Tween-AgNPs with several ions showed color changes of Gelatin-AgNPs and Tween-AgNPs occurred only on addition to Hg2+ metal ions solution. Based on the experiment of Hg2+ metal ions determination this method has limit of detection of 0.45 mg/L for Gelatin-AgNPs and 0.13 mg/L for Tween-AgNPs.
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Akbar, Javed R., Rubena Deubry, D. Gerrard Marangoni, and Shawn D. Wettig. "Interactions between gemini and nonionic pharmaceutical surfactants." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 88, no. 12 (December 2010): 1262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v10-135.

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The nature and strength of the interactions between the 1,3-bis(dimethylhexadecyl)propanediammonium dibromide (16-3-16) gemini surfactant and a homologous series of nonionic polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan ester surfactants having laurate (Tween 20), stearate (Tween 60), or oleate (Tween 80) alkyl tails has been investigated. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) values of the mixed gemini–tween systems were determined using the du Noüy ring surface tension method, and the results have been analyzed using Clint’s, Rubingh’s, Motomura’s, and Maeda’s theories for mixed micellar systems. The results demonstrate a synergistic mixing behaviour between the Tween surfactants and the 16-3-16 gemini surfactant, where the strength of interaction is dependent upon the chain length and saturation of the Tween alkyl tail.
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Darbandi, Fatemeh, Azadeh Mousavi, Tayebe Bagheri Lotfabad, Amir Heydarinasab, and Soheila Yaghmaei. "Azo dye removal via surfactant-assisted polyvinylidene fluoride membrane." Environmental Health Engineering and Management 8, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2021.04.

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Background: Recently, concerns have been raised regarding the environmental and public health safety of azo dyes, the most widely used synthetic dyes. The membrane technique has been introduced as one of the efficient methods for dye removal treatments. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane manipulated by surfactants was studied for removal of the azo dye, carmoisine. Methods: PVDF membrane was prepared via non-solvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) and used to remove the azo dye, carmoisine. Three nonionic surfactants including Tween 20, Tween 60, and Tween 80 were used individually as additives in casting solutions to improve PVDF membrane properties. Results: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) demonstrated the presence of functional groups of carbonyl (C=O) and hydroxyl (OH), assigned to Tween molecules, in the membrane chemical structure. All Tween species caused a decrease in the surface hydrophobicity of PVDF membranes illustrated by the reduced contact angles. Each Tween at a 2% concentration in the dope solution led to an increase in the pore-size of PVDF membranes, which was estimated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). However, this impact was reversed at Tween concentrations of 4%. Membranes were assessed for dye removal efficiency and permeate flux in a cross-flow system. Permeability of PVDF membranes improved (~78%) with adding Tween 80 at a concentration of 2%. Tween 60 at a 2% concentration resulted in a ~45% increase in dye removal efficiency of PVDF membranes. And, atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that Tween 60 increased membrane surface roughness. Conclusion: Surfactant-mediated changes in the surface properties of PVDF membrane improved dye removal efficacy.
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O'Sullivan, Sinead M., Julie A. Woods, and Nora M. O'Brien. "Use of Tween 40 and Tween 80 to deliver a mixture of phytochemicals to human colonic adenocarcinoma cell (CaCo-2) monolayers." British Journal of Nutrition 91, no. 5 (May 2004): 757–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20041094.

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Epidemiological evidence suggests that dietary intake of carotenoids and tocopherols may influence the risk of certain chronic diseases, such as cancer and CVD. In vitro studies investigating the synergistic effects of mixtures of carotenoids and tocopherols have been hindered due to the difficulty of solubilising these lipophilic compounds. The objective of the present study was to develop a system for delivering tocopherols and carotenoids simultaneously to cells in culture. Differentiated human colonic adenocarcinoma cells (CaCo-2) were incubated with a mixture of these phytochemicals for 24 h. The phytochemical mixture included carotenoids (astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, lutein, lycopene, α-carotene, β-carotene) and tocopherols (α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol). The emulsifiers polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate (Tween 40) and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80) were employed as the delivery vehicles, and were compared with tetrahydrofuran (THF). Each vehicle was added at a maximum concentration of 1 ml/l. No toxic effects to the CaCo-2 cells were noted when Tween 40 or Tween 80 were used. Both Tween 40 and Tween 80 resulted in greater solubility of the mixture and delivered substantially more carotenoids and tocopherols to the cells than THF. In particular, lycopene was detected within the cells when Tween 40 and Tween 80 were employed, whereas it was below the limits of detection by HPLC when THF was used as the delivery vehicle. The phytochemicals were retained within the cells for 24 h after supplementation. Tween 40 and Tween 80 have potential as simple, rapid and non-toxic methods for delivering mixtures of carotenoids and tocopherols to cells in culture.
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Hahn, Rachel, and Jennifer Stevens Aubrey. "The tween television diet: a content analysis of US tween program food references." Journal of Children and Media 12, no. 2 (November 26, 2017): 175–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2017.1405830.

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Weiszhár, Zsóka, Judit Czúcz, Csaba Révész, László Rosivall, János Szebeni, and Zoltán Rozsnyay. "Complement activation by polyethoxylated pharmaceutical surfactants: Cremophor-EL, Tween-80 and Tween-20." European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 45, no. 4 (March 2012): 492–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2011.09.016.

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Castro, Carl Andrew, John B. Hogan, Kimberly A. Benson, Christina W. Shehata, and Michael R. Landauer. "Behavioral effects of vehicles: DMSO, ethanol, Tween-20, Tween-80, and emulphor-620." Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 50, no. 4 (April 1995): 521–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(94)00331-9.

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Zhou, Yawen, Jian Yang, Cong Luo, Bo Yang, Changyao Liu, and Baocai Xu. "Effect of metal ions and surfactants on the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulose." BioResources 14, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 1653–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.1.1653-1667.

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The effect of metal ions and surfactants on the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated wheat straw lignocellulose was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectrum analysis, dynamic light scattering, and fluorescence spectra analysis were used to characterize the influence of Fe3+/ polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80). The interaction between Fe3+/Tween 80 and enzyme was further investigated by enzyme kinetics and enzyme activity measurements. The best synergistic effect was obtained when the ratio of Fe3+ and Tween 80 was 0.06. The scanning electron microscopy images showed that the Fe3+/Tween 80 combination was associated with high porosity substrates. The infrared spectrum analysis indicated that the components of the substrates depended on additive types. The highest relative enzymatic activity increase rate was obtained with added Fe3+/ Tween 80. The Vmax and Km values of the group with added Fe3+/Tween 80 were much higher than that of the group without additives. With the addition of Fe3+/ Tween 80, the intensity of the fluorescence emission peak decreased and the peak shifted towards a longer wavelength.
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Viani, Sofia Charlotie, Jessica Ayuningtyas Putranti, Kaprianto Jelau, and Luh Putu Wrasiati. "Karakteristik Sabun Padat Pada Perlakuan Penambahan Penstabil Tween 80." JURNAL REKAYASA DAN MANAJEMEN AGROINDUSTRI 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2024): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jrma.2024.v12.i02.p10.

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The research conducted sought to determine the impact of the addition and amount of tween 80 to obtain the best solid soap characteristics. This research is a one-factor experimental study, namely the percentage of tween 80 addition (0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%). The results showed that the addition of tween 80 had a significant effect on the hardness, pH, foam, moisture, firmness, brightness (L*), and yellowness (b*) of solid soap, but had no significant effect on redness (a*) and foam stability. Increasing the level of tween in the mixture will cause the moisture of the foam to increase, resulting in a firmer, higher pH, brighter and more yellow color intensity. The conclusion based on the data encountered by the author is that the solid soap added with tween 80 as much as 0.75% has the best characteristics, referring to the physicochemical data which shows the results of foam with a pH of 10.45 ± 0.49, foam stability of 85.67 ± 3.30, texture of 22.38 ± 0.70, level of brightness (L*) 86.35 ± 0.354, level of redness (a*) 0.95 ± 0.636, and level of yellowness (b*) 2.7 ± 0.141. As for the organoleptic test (scoring and hedonic), panelists prefer soap with the treatment of adding 1% tween 80 showing the highest value, namely the foam is rated 4.75 ± 0.44, the stickiness is 4.45 ± 0.89, the humidity is 4.45 ± 0.69, and the overall acceptance is 5.95 ± 0.83. Keywords : tween 80, characteristics, solid soap Penelitian yang dilakukan berupaya menentukan dampak penambahan dan jumlah tween 80 untuk mendapatkan karakteristik sabun padat terbaik. Penelitian ini adalah studi eksperimental satu faktor, yaitu persentase penambahan tween 80 (0%, 0,25%, 0,5%, 0,75%, dan 1%). Adapun beberapa bahan dalam penelitian pembuatan sabun padat ini diantaranya yakni air, NaOH, coconut oil, serta tween 80. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tween 80 memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kekerasan, pH, busa, kelembaban, kekesatan, kecerahan (L*), dan kekuningan (b*) sabun padat, tetapi tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kemerahan (a*) dan stabilitas busa. Peningkatan kadar tween didalam campuran akan menyebabkan kelembapan busa meningkat, sehingga hasilnya lebih kesat, pH lebih tinggi, intensitas warna lebih cerah dan lebih kuning. Kesimpulan berdasarkan data yang ditemui penulis yakni sabun padat yang ditambahkan tween 80 sebanyak 0,75% memiliki karakteristik paling baik, mengacu pada data fisikokimianya yang menunjukkan hasil busa dengan pH 10,45±0,49, stabilitas busa 85,67±3,30, tekstur 22,38±0,70, tingkat kecerahan (L*) 86,35±0,354, tingkat kemerahan (a*) 0,95±0,636, serta tingkat kekuningan (b*) 2,7±0,141. Adapun untuk uji organoleptik (skoring dan hedonik), panelis lebih memilih sabun dengan perlakuan ditambahkannya tween 80 1% menunjukkan nilai paling tinggi yakni busanya dinilai 4,75±0,44, kekesatan sebesar 4,45±0,89, kelembaban 4,45±0,69, dan penerimaan keseluruhan sebesar 5,95±0,83. Kata kunci : tween 80, karakteristik, sabun padat
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S, Susiana Prasetyo, and V. Vincentius. "Pengaruh penambahan tween 80, dekstrin, dan minyak kelapa pada pembuatan kopi instan menggunakan metode pengering busa." Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia 4, no. 3 (October 9, 2018): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2005.4.3.5.

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The making of instant coffee with foam drying methods is one of the product inovation effort which it can produce commercially by small industry and also home industry. In this research, added coconut oil, dextrin, and tween 80 are added to the coffee for optimalized that drying process. Coconut oil are perhaps as heat conductor so that can increasing drying rate. Tween (Polyoxyethylene 20 Sorbitane Monooleate) and dextrin interacted each other tween 80 act as emulsifier and foam marker, dextrin act as foam stabilizer during drying process. Coffee extract have been added with cooconut oil, tween 80 and dextrin, they are mixed together toproduced foam and then will be dried in cabinet drier. The research method used is the making an instant coffee in three differents coconut oil concentration (0.01-1 %w/w), three differents tween 80 concentration (5-15%w/w), and three differents dextrin concentration (0-20%w/w). The research results showed that added of coconut oil will be increased rate of drying. Tween 80 can increase rate of drying, but dextrin can make case hardening that decrease rate of drying. Product of instant coffee have water content and caffein content in the range of SNI, which are 2.281-3.962% of water and 2.825-3.275% of caffein. Flavor, taste and texture of instant coffee are not different from instant coffee in market.Keywords: Instant Coffee, Foam Drying, Tween 80, Dextrin, Coconut OilAbstrakPembuatan kopi instan menggunakan metodepengeringan busa (foam drying) merupakan salah satu usaha inovasi produk yang dapat dilakukan secara komersial oleh industri kecil ataupun home industry. Pada penelitian ini ditambahkan minyak kelapa, dekstrin dan tween 80 pada kopi untuk mengoptimalkan proses perngeringan tersebut. Minyak kelapa diharapkan dapat berperan sebagai penghantar panas sehingga dapat mempercepat pengeringan. Tween (Polyoxyethylene 20 Sorbitane Monooleate) dan dekestrin saling berinteraksi, dimana tween 80 berfungsi sebagai emulsifier dan pembentuk busa sedangkan dekstrin berperan sebagai penstabil busa selama proses pengeringan. Ekstrak kopi ditambahkan pada minyak kelapa, tween 80 dan de/estrin, dan diaduk hingga terbentuk busa untuk kemudian dioleskan pada tray-trayyang akhirnya akan mengalami proses pengeringan di dalam tray drier. Konsentrasi minyak kelapa divariasikan pada 0,01-1%b/b, tween 80 pada 5-15% b/b, dan dekstrin pada 10-20% b/b. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwapenambahan minyak kelapa akan meningkatkan laju pengeringan. Penambahan dekstrin meningkatkan laju pengeringan sedangkan penambahan tween 80 akan menyebabkan case hardening dan menurunkan laju pengeringan. Kopi instan yang dihasilkan telah memenuhi standar SNI dengan kadar air 2,281- 3,962% dan kadar kafein 2,825-3,275% serta memiliki aroma, rasa dan tekstur yang tidak berbeda jauh dari kopi instan dipasaran.Kata Kunci: Kopi Instan, Pengering Busa, Tween 80, Dekstrin, Minyak Kelapa
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Mayasari, Eva, Tri Rahayuni, and Jessi Manalu. "PENGARUH FORMULASI MALTODEKSTRIN DAN TWEEN 80 PADA KARAKTERISTIK FISIKOKIMIA BUMBU HERBAL INSTAN." Pro Food 5, no. 2 (November 27, 2019): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/profood.v5i2.102.

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ABSTRACT Herbal spices used in making instant spices are sansakng leaf (Albertisia papuana Becc.), onion, and garlic. The drying method in making instant spices uses the foam mat drying method. The purpose of this study was aimed to determine the effect of maltodextrin and tween 80 formulations on instant herbal spices and determine the best formulation of maltodextrin and tween 80 formulations added on instant herbal spices based on physical and chemical properties. This study used a randomized block design (RBD) factorial pattern which is consisted of two factors of maltodextrin (5%,10%,15%) and tween 80 (0.5% and 1%), each treatment was replicated four times. The ANOVA (α=5%) results showed that the addition of maltodextrin on intant herbal spices significantly affected on moisture content, water absorption, water activity, and yield. While the addition of tween 80 on intant herbal spices significantly affected on moisture content and water activity. The best treatment on physicochemical properties showed in the combination of maltodextrin 5% and tween 80 1%. Keywords: Albertisia papuana Becc., foam mat drying, maltodextrin, sansakng, tween 80 ABSTRAK Bumbu herbal yang digunakan pada pembuatan bumbu instan adalah daun sansakng (Albertisia papuana Becc.), bawang merah, dan bawang putih. Metode pengeringan dalam pembuatan bumbu instan menggunakan metode foam mat drying. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh formulasi maltodekstrin dan tween 80 pada bumbu herbal instan dan menentukan formulasi yang tepat dari formulasi maltodekstrin dan tween 80 pada pembuatan bumbu herbal instan berdasarkan sifat fisik dan kimia. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial dengan dua faktor, yaitu konsentrasi maltodekstrin (5%, 10% 15%) dan konsentrasi tween 80 (0,5% dan 1%), masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak empat kali. Parameter pengamatan yang diukur adalah karakteristik fisik dan kimia bumbu herbal instan. Hasil ANOVA (α=5%) menunjukkan bahwa penambahan maltodekstrin pada bumbu herbal instan berpengaruh nyata terhadap terhadap kadar air, daya serap air, aktivitas air dan rendemen bumbu herbal instan. Sedangkan penambahan tween 80 berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air dan aktivitas air. Kombinasi maltodekstrin sebanyak 5% dan tween 80 sebanyak 1% merupakan perlakuan terbaik berdasarkan karakteristik fisikokimia. Kata Kunci: Albertisia papuana Becc, foam mat drying, maltodekstrin, sansakng, tween 80
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Panthi, Vijay Kumar, Saurav Kumar Jha, Rudra Pangeni, and Keshav Raj Paudel. "Formulation and Development of Adapalene Topical Nanohydrogel Using Different Surfactants and Cosurfactants for Antiacne Activity: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation." Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (September 22, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6889293.

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A formulation of an adapalene nanohydrogel (ADP-NH) using different surfactants and cosurfactants for topical application was developed and characterized. The best formulation was obtained with nanohydrogel (NH) containing Tween-80- (NH-Tween-80-) incorporated carbopol-940 and ethanol, 0.67% and 3.00% w / w , respectively. The optimized formulations of NH-Tween-80, nanohydrogel containing sodium lauryl sulphate (NH-SLS), and nanohydrogel containing glycerol (NH-glycerol) were separately evaluated to examine their in vitro and ex vivo permeability characteristics and compared with 0.3% dimethyl sulfoxide (control) solution. The polydispersity index of NH-Tween-80, NH-SLS, and NH-glycerol were found to be 0.264 ± 0.312 , 0.382 ± 0.0045 , and 0.310 ± 0.412 , respectively. All NH formulations showed pH within human skin pH ranges throughout the stability period. The NH-Tween-80 revealed 191.22 μg/mL of ADP permeation through Strat-M® membrane which was statistically significant ( p < 0.05 ) compared to NH-SLS, NH-glycerol, and control solution. At 24 h, NH-Tween-80 demonstrated 305.11 μg/mL of ADP permeation in Wistar rat abdominal skin which was 1.99-, 1.56-, and 4.89-fold higher in comparison with NH-SLS, NH-glycerol, and control solution, respectively. Moreover, the ex vivo permeability of NH-Tween-80 was also compared with conventional gel (market sample) which was 3.38-fold greater at 24 h. During the 6th month of accelerated stability analysis, the NH-Tween-80, NH-SLS, and NH-glycerol demonstrated 99.25 % ± 0.15 , 91.23 % ± 0.41 , and 96.08 % ± 0.20 drug content, respectively. There were no noticeable physical changes observed up to 6 months for NH-Tween-80, while color change was observed in the 1st month and 3rd month of accelerated stability samples of NH-SLS and NH-glycerol, respectively. In this study, only NH-Tween-80 was considered both physically and chemically stable formulation. Therefore, it was concluded that the topical application of ADP-NH containing Tween-80 could be a very promising alternative for the treatment of acne vulgaris.
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Spaan, Suzanne, Gert Doekes, Dick Heederik, Peter S. Thorne, and Inge M. Wouters. "Effect of Extraction and Assay Media on Analysis of Airborne Endotoxin." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 12 (April 25, 2008): 3804–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02537-07.

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ABSTRACT The measurement of airborne endotoxins is thus far not standardized. Earlier studies reported higher endotoxin yields when Tween 20 was added to the media used for filter extraction and in the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay. This study compared four common media and assessed the effects of Tween during extraction and analysis separately. Parallel airborne dust samples from five work environments (n = 250) were used to compare the four media (pyrogen-free water [PFW], PFW-Tween 20, PFW-Tris, and PFW-triethylamine-phosphate [TAP]) and an extraction time of 10 or 60 min. A subset of the extracts in PFW or PFW-Tween (n = 40) were analyzed in parallel LAL assays with PFW or PFW-Tween as the assay medium. The results produced by a shorter extraction time or the presence of Tris were similar to the results for the reference procedure (PFW and 60 min of shaking). The use of PFW-TAP showed overall lower yields and a deviant calibration curve. The presence of Tween in the extraction medium resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) higher endotoxin yields from all dust types, independent of the effect of Tween in the assay. Tween in the LAL assay, however, also strongly inhibited the reactivity of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) standard, thus shifting the calibration curve to higher values. The inhibition of LPS in test samples was less pronounced and varied between dust sources, resulting in enhanced calculated concentrations. This assay effect could be circumvented by diluting extracts at least 50-fold before the LAL assay. In conclusion, of the media tested, only Tween enhances the efficiency of endotoxin extraction from airborne dust samples in a consistent manner. We recommend extraction in PFW-Tween combined with dilution and LAL analysis in PFW.
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Md Fadilah, Nur Izzah, and Abdul Rahman Hassan. "Preparation, Characterization and Performance Studies of Active PVDF Ultrafiltration-Surfactants Membranes Containing PVP as Additive." Advanced Materials Research 1134 (December 2015): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1134.44.

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The role of surfactants in the formation of active Poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) ultrafiltration (AUF) membranes was studied. The effect combination of surfactants that are Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/Tween 80 and Tween 80/Triton X-100 formulations on performance and morphological structures were investigated for the first time. The influence of surfactants blends on the membrane pores was also examined. Experimental data showed that combination of Tween 80/Triton X-100 give the highest BSA permeation flux which value 285.51 Lm-2h-1. With combination of SDS/Tween 80, the AUF membrane showed the highest protein rejection up to 93% and 79% for Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and Egg Albumin (EA), respectively. Moreover, membranes characterization demonstrated that the addition of SDS/Tween 80 and Tween 80/Triton X-100 were found to affect the performance, surface morphologies and membrane pores of AUF PVDF membranes.
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Duskey, Jason Thomas, Ilaria Ottonelli, Arianna Rinaldi, Irene Parmeggiani, Barbara Zambelli, Leon Z. Wang, Robert K. Prud’homme, Maria Angela Vandelli, Giovanni Tosi, and Barbara Ruozi. "Tween® Preserves Enzyme Activity and Stability in PLGA Nanoparticles." Nanomaterials 11, no. 11 (November 3, 2021): 2946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11112946.

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Enzymes, as natural and potentially long-term treatment options, have become one of the most sought-after pharmaceutical molecules to be delivered with nanoparticles (NPs); however, their instability during formulation often leads to underwhelming results. Various molecules, including the Tween® polysorbate series, have demonstrated enzyme activity protection but are often used uncontrolled without optimization. Here, poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) NPs loaded with β-glucosidase (β-Glu) solutions containing Tween® 20, 60, or 80 were compared. Mixing the enzyme with Tween® pre-formulation had no effect on particle size or physical characteristics, but increased the amount of enzyme loaded. More importantly, NPs made with Tween® 20:enzyme solutions maintained significantly higher enzyme activity. Therefore, Tween® 20:enzyme solutions ranging from 60:1 to 2419:1 mol:mol were further analyzed. Isothermal titration calorimetry analysis demonstrated low affinity and unquantifiable binding between Tween® 20 and β-Glu. Incorporating these solutions in NPs showed no effect on size, zeta potential, or morphology. The amount of enzyme and Tween® 20 in the NPs was constant for all samples, but a trend towards higher activity with higher molar rapports of Tween® 20:β-Glu was observed. Finally, a burst release from NPs in the first hour with Tween®:β-Glu solutions was the same as free enzyme, but the enzyme remained active longer in solution. These results highlight the importance of stabilizers during NP formulation and how optimizing their use to stabilize an enzyme can help researchers design more efficient and effective enzyme loaded NPs.
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Cahyana, Emita Dwi, Luh Putu Wrasiati, and Lutfi Suhendra. "Karakteristik Enkapsulat Teh Instan Daun Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) pada Perlakuan Penambahan Emulsifier Tween 80." JURNAL REKAYASA DAN MANAJEMEN AGROINDUSTRI 9, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jrma.2021.v09.i01.p13.

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The aims of research were to know the effect of addition emulsifier tween 80 on the making of Cosmos caudatus Kunth. instant tea, and to determine the addition of the best tween 80 emulsifier to the Cosmos caudatus Kunth. instant tea. This research used a simple randomized block design, wich the concentration of tween 80 as the factor. The concentration of tween 80 used in this research are 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance and then processed by the Tukey test. The results showed that the concentration of tween 80 influenced the yield, solubility, total flavonoids, brightness level, redness level, yellowish level, and texture organoleptic tests which included stickiness, dryness and smoothness. The best treatment based on physicochemistry was obtained by adding 1% concentration of tween 80, with a yield value at 11.08 %, solubility at 96.77%, total flavonoids at 9.1041 mg QE/g, the level of brightness (L*) at 36.49, the level of redness (a*) at 19.36, and the level of yellowish (b*) at 30.63. Based on the results of the organoleptic test, respondendts chose treatment without the addition of tween 80, with a stickiness texture value at 4.20 (not sticky),, dryness at 4.60 (dry), and smoothness at 4.75 (smooth). Keywords : Cosmos caudatus Kunth. leaves, instant tea, encapsulation, tween 80
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Cahyani, Reni Tri, and Laode Muhamad Hazairin Nadia. "PENGARUH KOMBINASI TWEEN 80 DAN MALTODEKSTRIN TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FLAVOR ENHANCER IKAN BULAN-BULAN (Megalops cyprinoides)." Jurnal Harpodon Borneo 15, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35334/harpodon.v15i1.2502.

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One method that can be applied in the production of flavor enhancers is the foam-mat drying method using Tween 80 and maltodextrin. This research aimed to examine the effect of the Tween 80 and maltodextrin combination on the characteristics of flavor enhancers from Megalops cyprinoides. This research used a factorial completely randomized design with two factors. Factor one was Tween 80 concentration of 2%, 4%, and 6%, and factor two was maltodextrin concentration of 10%, 20%, and 30%. The test parameters included yield, pH, and Maillard reaction products. The results showed that Tween 80 and maltodextrin concentration significantly affected yield, pH, and Maillard reaction products of flavor enhancers from Megalops cyprinoides (P0.05). The greater the concentration of Tween 80 and maltodextrin, the greater the yield value, while the Maillard reaction product value decreased. Increasing the concentration of maltodextrin caused the pH value to decrease. Conversely, increasing the concentration of Tween 80 caused the pH value to increase. Based on the research result, the best treatment was Tween 80 concentration of 6% and maltodextrin concentration of 10%, with the yield of 43.33%; pH of 3.78; and Maillard reaction product 0.608 AU.
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Siti Noraini Bunawan, Noor Azlina Masdor, Nur Adeela Yasid, Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi, and Mohd Yunus Abd Shukor. "Effect of Different Hydrophilic-lipophilic Balance (HLB) on Droplet Size, Polydispersity Index and Stability of Lemon Myrtle Nanoemulsion." International Journal of Nanoelectronics and Materials (IJNeaM) 16, DECEMBER (December 26, 2023): 431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.58915/ijneam.v16idecember.423.

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Using mixed non-ionic surfactants Tween/Span, we determined the required hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value on the oil in water nanoemulsion of lemon myrtle essential oil. In this study, Span 80 mixed with Tween 80, and Span 20 mixed with Tween 20 were used as mixed non-ionic surfactant. The droplet size, polydispersity index and stability of the lemon myrtle nanoemulsion at different HLB values were obtained over a period of 28 days. Both mixed surfactants have similar required HLB value at HLB 14 due to their smallest droplet size and lowest polydispersity index during the early nanoemulsion preparation. However, after a period of 28 days, nanoemulsion with Span 80-Tween 80 surfactant mixture was more stable compared to Span 20-Tween 20 surfactant mixture. Therefore, HLB 14 using Span 80-Tween 80 surfactant mixture has been selected as the required HLB for lemon myrtle nanoemulsion due to its stability and consistency of droplet size in 28 days.
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Sibley, Jeff L., Xiaomei Yang, Wenliang Lu, D. Joseph Eakes, Charles H. Gilliam, Wheeler G. Foshee, Jeremy M. Pickens, and Bertram Zinner. "Effects of a Nonionic Surfactant on Growth, Photosynthesis, and Transpiration of New Guinea Impatiens in the Greenhouse1." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 36, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-36.2.73.

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Abstract Production of quality greenhouse and nursery crops is dependent on high quality and quantities of water. At present, in some regions, insufficient water supply is a growing concern. This study was conducted to evaluate growth of New Guinea impatiens (Impatiens hawkerii 'Celebrate Salmon'), when watered with a polyoxyethylenesorbitan monolaurate (C58H114O26) solution commercially known as Tween 20, at differing irrigation levels compared with a conventional water regimen without the surfactant, and also to determine how Tween 20 would affect photosynthesis and transpiration. The treatment design was a 3 by 6 complete factorial design plus a control. The two factors were irrigation and Tween 20. Irrigation levels of 20%, 40%, or 60% of the full crop evapotranspiration (ET) requirements were used in combination with Tween 20 concentrations of either 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, or 125 mg·L−1 (0, 0.003338, 0.00668, 0.0100145, 0.01335, or 0.01669 oz per gallon). The control group was watered with tap water to container capacity with about 30% leachate. Evapotranspiration was determined as the difference of the applied water amount minus the leachate of the control. Plants irrigated with Tween 20 from 25 to 125 mg·L−1 (0.003338 to 0.01669 oz per gallon) at the 40% or 60% irrigation level had the same height and growth index as plants in the control after three months of growth. Plant fresh and dry weights were not different between the control and the treatments of Tween 20 from 50 to 125 mg·L−1 (0.00668 to 0.01669 oz per gallon) at the 60% irrigation level or the treatment of Tween 20 at 100 mg·L−1 (0.01335 oz per gallon) at the 40% irrigation level. Tween 20 had no effect on net photosynthetic rate. Tween 20 decreased the amount of transpired water of New Guinea impatiens 'Celebrate Salmon'. When the Tween 20 concentration increased from 0 to 100 mg·L−1 (0 to 0.01335 oz per gallon) at the 60% irrigation level, the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance decreased markedly by 43% and 47%, respectively, and water use efficiency was increased by 47%. Results from this study suggest that Tween 20 is able to increase plant water use efficiency through regulation of stomatal conductance or transpiration under deficit irrigation. Index words: irrigation management, chemigation, source-sink physiology, deficit irrigation, wetting agent, Tween 20, adjuvant. Species used in this study: New Guinea Impatiens (Impatiens hawkerii W. Bull. 'Celebrate Salmon'). Chemicals used in this study: Tween 20 (polyoxyethylenesorbitan monolaurate). (aka: polysorbate 20, polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate)
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42

Foo, Khor Siak, Cornelius Borecho Bavoh, Bhajan Lal, and Azmi Mohd Shariff. "Rheology Impact of Various Hydrophilic-Hydrophobic Balance (HLB) Index Non-Ionic Surfactants on Cyclopentane Hydrates." Molecules 25, no. 16 (August 15, 2020): 3725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25163725.

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In this study, series of non-ionic surfactants from Span and Tween are evaluated for their ability to affect the viscosity profile of cyclopentane hydrate slurry. The surfactants; Span 20, Span 40, Span 80, Tween 20, Tween 40 and Tween 80 were selected and tested to provide different hydrophilic–hydrophobic balance values and allow evaluation their solubility impact on hydrate formation and growth time. The study was performed by using a HAAKE ViscotesterTM 500 at 2 °C and a surfactant concentration ranging from 0.1 wt%–1 wt%. The solubility characteristic of the non-ionic surfactants changed the hydrate slurry in different ways with surfactants type and varying concentration. The rheological measurement suggested that oil-soluble Span surfactants was generally inhibitive to hydrate formation by extending the hydrate induction time. However, an opposite effect was observed for the Tween surfactants. On the other hand, both Span and Tween demonstrated promoting effect to accelerate hydrate growth time of cyclopentane hydrate formation. The average hydrate crystallization growth time of the blank sample was reduced by 86% and 68% by Tween and Span surfactants at 1 wt%, respectively. The findings in this study are useful to understand the rheological behavior of surfactants in hydrate slurry.
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43

González-Márquez, Angel, and Carmen Sánchez. "Tween 80-induced esterase production by Trichoderma harzianum in submerged fermentation: An esterase activity assay using α-naphthyl acetate as substrate." Mexican journal of biotechnology 7, no. 1 (January 2, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29267/mxjb.2022.7.1.1.

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Tween 80 is a surfactant that has been used for several purposes in microbial cultures. In bioremediation studies, the addition of surfactants in the medium is a common practice, since it makes hydrophobic substrates available to the microorganism. In this work, the influence of Tween 80 (100 or 400 μL/L) on the biomass production, protein content, esterase activities and, growth and enzymatic yield parameters of Trichoderma harzianum grown in submerged fermentation was evaluated. Assessments of esterase activities through biochemical tests and zymographic assays were carried out using α-naphthyl acetate as substrate. A single band with esterase activity was observed in the different concentrations of Tween 80 tested. However, 400 μL of Tween 80 induced higher esterase production (148.2 U/L) in T. harzianum as compared to that esterase activity (79.5 U/L) shown in the medium added with 100 μL of Tween 80 per liter. These results showed that high concentrations (e.g. 400 μL/L) of Tween 80 enhanced the esterase activity in T. harzianum. The single band with esterase activity revealed on zymograms suggests that this enzyme (of 38 kDa approx.) may be present in both forms as a constitutive as well as an inducible esterase, since it was observed in both glucose- and Tween 80-supplemented media.
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44

Chen, Juanni, Shili Li, Jinxiang Luo, Rongsheng Wang, and Wei Ding. "Enhancement of the Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles against Phytopathogenic BacteriumRalstonia solanacearumby Stabilization." Journal of Nanomaterials 2016 (2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7135852.

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In this paper, the enhanced antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against the phytopathogenic bacteriumRalstonia solanacearumafter stabilization using selected surfactants (SDS, SDBS, TX-100, and Tween 80) was examined, in comparison with silver ion. Tween 80 was found to be the most preferable stabilizer of AgNPs due to the beneficial synergistic effects of the AgNPs and surfactant. However, all the surfactants nearly had no effects on the antibacterial activity of Ag+.In vitro, Tween 80-stabilized AgNPs showed the highest bactericidal activity againstR. solanacearum. Further measurements using TEM, fluorescence microscopy, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed that though Ag+and Tween 80-Ag+induced high toxicity, Tween 80-stabilized AgNPs displayed most severe damage when in direct contact with cells, causing mechanistic injury to the cell membrane and strongly modifying and destructing the cellular proteins. Meanwhile,in vivo, the pot experiments data indicated that the control efficiency of Tween 80-stabilized AgNPs on tobacco bacterial wilt was 96.71%, 90.11%, and 84.21%, at 7 days, 14 days, and 21 days, respectively. Based on the results evidencing their advantageous low dosage requirements and strong antimicrobial activity, Tween 80-stabilized AgNPs are a promising antibacterial agent for use in alternative crop disease control approaches.
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45

Zhang, Yan Lin, Dian Hui Hou, Yang Zhou, Xi Wu Fan, and Nai Di Tan. "The Modification of VPO Catalyst Precursor and Characterization." Advanced Materials Research 335-336 (September 2011): 1485–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.335-336.1485.

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Tween 60 and Tween 80 as dispersant had been adding in the preparation process to increase the surface area of VPO catalysts. XRD、 XPS and TEM characterization tests show that the crystalline phase and the catalyst surface area of adding surfactant Tween 60 and Tween 80 are different from that did not. Although the two types of crystalline phase are to (VO)2P2O7but their microscopic structures are different and found that the surface area of the former is 35-40m2/ g, while the surface area without adding surfactants is only 19m2/ g.
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46

W., G. "Tween Time in the Adirondacks." Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly 38, no. 6 (December 1997): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001088049703800623.

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47

Nolan, Rachel. "“Tween aleph and beta i”." Caribbean Quarterly 61, no. 4 (December 2015): 20–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00086495.2015.11878849.

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48

G, W. "'Tween Time in the Adirondacks." Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly 38, no. 6 (December 1997): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-8804(97)85373-6.

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49

Drake‐Bridges, Erin, and Brigitte Burgess. "Personal preferences of tween shoppers." Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal 14, no. 4 (September 20, 2010): 624–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13612021011081788.

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50

Pérez-Rosés, Renato, Ester Risco, Roser Vila, Pedro Peñalver, and Salvador Cañigueral. "Antioxidant activity of Tween-20 and Tween-80 evaluated through different in-vitro tests." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 67, no. 5 (December 31, 2014): 666–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jphp.12369.

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