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Roux, Huguette, C. Paass, Konan Djaha, G. Agneroh-Eboi, and A. Aka. "Triangle de TWEED. Équilibre de la denture et des tissus mous. Étude sur une population de jeunes Ivoiriens." Revue d'Orthopédie Dento-Faciale 27, no. 3 (September 1993): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/odf/1993030.
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Meehan, J. T., R. C. Cutlip, and H. D. Lehmkuhl. "Evaluation of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid, Tetrasodium Salt Dihydrate (EDTA)-Tween 20 Treatment versus Protease Digestion of Formalin-fixed Tissue Sections for Detection of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Antigen in Infected Ovine Lung." Veterinary Pathology 26, no. 4 (July 1989): 322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098588902600406.
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The efficacy of protease and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, tetrasodium salt dihydrate (EDTA)-Tween 20 in unmasking bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) antigens in formalin-fixed lung tissue was compared using avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase procedure. Tissues were taken from experimentally infected lambs. BRSV antigen stained in both techniques. Treatment with EDTA-Tween 20 resulted in more intense staining of BRSV infected cells, more uniform cytoplasmic staining, less non-specific background, and superior cellular detail in comparison to protease digestion.
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Lust, Cody A. C., Xinjie Lin, Erin M. Rock, Cheryl L. Limebeer, Linda A. Parker, and David W. L. Ma. "Short communication: Tissue distribution of major cannabinoids following intraperitoneal injection in male rats." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 19, 2022): e0262633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262633.
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Currently, peripheral tissue distribution of cannabinoids after treatment is poorly understood. This pilot study sought to examine the early tissue distribution of major cannabinoids 30 minutes following an intraperitoneal injection of vehicle (1:9 Tween 80/SAL), and doses of THC (1 mg/kg) and CBD (5 mg/kg) that are feasible for human consumption in serum, adipose, brain, lung, liver, jejunum, and muscle of male Sprague-Dawley rats. The jejunum and adipose were most enriched in THC. Similarly, CBD was enriched in the jejunum and adipose but also the liver. In contrast, the brain had the lowest concentration of cannabinoids relative to other tissues. The liver had the greatest concentration of the THC metabolites, 11-OH-THC and COOH-THC, compared to all other tissues. Overall, these findings highlight broad tissue distribution and marked differences in tissue concentration not previously appreciated. Thus, as cannabinoid research continues to rapidly grow, consideration of the potential bioactive effects of these molecules in peripheral tissues is warranted in future studies.
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Lownds, N. K., and M. J. Bukovac. "Surfactant-induced Ethylene Production by Leaf Tissue." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 114, no. 3 (May 1989): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.114.3.449.
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Abstract Ethylene evolution induced by nonionic (Triton X-100, Triton X-405, Tween 20, Ortho X-77 and Regulaid), anionic (Aerosol OT and Dupanol ME), and cationic (Arquad C-50 and Arquad 2C-75) surfactants was characterized using cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. supsb. unguiculata ‘Dixielee’] seedlings. Representative surfactants of each ionogenic class induced ethylene evolution. Time course studies revealed an increased rate of ethylene evolution during the first 6 to 12 hr after treatment, followed by a slow decrease for the next 12 to 36 hr, and a return to control levels within 48 hr. Ethylene production induced by Triton X-100 increased with increasing concentration, while Tween 20 did not induce ethylene at concentrations up to 1.0%. Surfactants that promoted ethylene evolution also generally induced visible phytotoxicity. Phytotoxicity symptoms increased with increasing time after treatment. Surfactant-induced ethylene production and phytotoxicity were observed with corn (Zea mays L. ‘B73 × MO17’), wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ‘Hillsdale’), soybean (Glycine max Merr. ‘McCall’), apple (Malus domestica Borkh. ‘Golden Delicious’), and sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L. ‘Montmorency’). Tween 20, nonactive on cowpea, induced ethylene and phytotoxicity when applied to the abaxial surface of sour cherry leaves. Chemical names used: octyl-phenoxypoly(ethoxy)ethanol (Triton X-100 and X-405), polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20), alkylaryl polyoxyethylene glycols/free fatty acids/isopropanol (Ortho X-77), polyoxyethylenepolypropoxypropanol alkyl 2-ethoxyethanol/dihydroxy-propane (Regulaid), diocytl sodium sulfosuccinate (Aerosol OT), sodium lauryl sulfate (Dupanol ME), monococo trimethyl ammonium chloride (Arquad C-50), dicoco dimethyl ammonium chloride (Arquad 2C-75).
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Lu, Huihui, Francesco Floris, Marc Rensing, and Stefan Andersson-Engels. "Fluorescence Spectroscopy Study of Protoporphyrin IX in Optical Tissue Simulating Liquid Phantoms." Materials 13, no. 9 (May 2, 2020): 2105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13092105.
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Fluorescence spectroscopy has been extensively investigated for disease diagnosis. In this framework, optical tissue phantoms are widely used for validating the biomedical device system in a laboratory environment outside of clinical procedures. Moreover, it is fundamental to consider that there are several scattering components and chromophores inside biological tissues and the interplay between scattering and absorption may result in a distortion of the emitted fluorescent signal. In this work, the photophysical behaviour of a set of liquid, tissue-like phantoms containing different compositions was analysed: phosphate buffer saline (PBS) was used as the background medium, low fat milk as a scatterer, Indian ink as an absorber and protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) dissolved in dimethyl formamide (DMF) as a fluorophore. We examined the collected data in terms of the impact of surfactant Tween-20 on the background medium, scattering effects and combination of scattering and absorption within a luminescent body on PpIX. The results indicated that the intrinsic emission peaks are red shifted by the scattering particles or surfactant, whilst the scattering agent and the absorbent can alter the emission intensity substantially. We corroborated that phantoms containing higher surfactant content (>0.5% Tween 20) are essential to prepare stable aqueous phantoms.
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Morita, Tetsuo, and Tatsuo Shimada. "Surface morphology of Purkinje cells and myocardial cells following chemical digestion." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 3 (August 12, 1990): 420–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100159643.
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From light and transmission electron microscopic studies, it has been long known that Purkinje cells of mammalian hearts have morphological characteristics different from ordinary myocardial cells. In the present study, not only Purkinje cells and myocardial cells but also connective tissue sheaths surrounding these cells were investigated by combined scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and chemical digestion.The moderator band of adult sheep heart was used because it possessed both Purkinje cells and myocardial cells (Fig.1). Tissue blocks were immersed in Karnovsky’s fixative for 3hr or longer. Some fixed tissues were inrrtersed in a 3-5% aqueous solution of NaClO for 1 min to digest the endocardial endothelium, and then were treated with 8N HCl for 30 min at 60°C to remove connection tissue elements. The others were iirmersed in a 2N NaOH or KOH solution for 7 days at room temperature to digest cellular elements. After freeze-cracking in a 40% dimethyl sulfoxide solution, the tissues were washed throughout in a saline solution containing tween 20, placed in a 1% aqueous solution of tannic acid for 2hr and conductive-stained with 1% OsO4 for 2hr.
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Gagné, François. "Isolation and Quantification of Polystyrene Nanoplastics in Tissues by Low Pressure Size Exclusion Chromatography." Journal of Xenobiotics 12, no. 2 (May 9, 2022): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jox12020010.
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Ecotoxicity investigations of plastic nanoparticles (NPs) should pay more attention to their ability to pass barriers, accumulate, and initiate toxicity in cells. The purpose of this study was to develop a simple size exclusion chromatography (SEC) methodology to measure plastic NPs in biological tissues. A SEC column was prepared using a high-resolution gel for large macromolecules to separate plastic NPs from the protein/lipid pools in tissues. It was necessary to prepare the samples in high salt and non-ionic detergent (0.5 M NaCl and 0.2% Tween-20) and apply 0.2% Tween-20 containing 14 mM NaCl for the elution buffer to limit proteins adsorption to NPs. This methodology was able to resolve 50 and 100 nm polystyrene NPs from the protein/lipid pools in tissue homogenates. The fluorescent dye neutral red (NR) was also used for transparent NPs. Moreover, a sample fractionation step was also proposed for plastic NPs concentration using a salting-out methodology with saturated NaCl (5 M) and acetonitrile. Polystyrene NPs partition in acetonitrile, which were further analyzed by SEC. This methodology was tested in two case studies with clams collected in a high boat traffic (harbor) area and with caged freshwater mussels downstream of a large urban area. Although the present methodology was developed with polystyrene NPs it should be amenable to other plastic polymers that react with the NR fluorescent probe.
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Kshitiza, Pathak, and Pathak Akshay. "CROSS-SECTIONAL ASSESSMENT OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GRADE OF AS-THI SARATA AND INCIDENCE OF DENTAL CARIES." International Ayurvedic Medical Journal 8, no. 8 (August 18, 2020): 4032–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.46607/iamj0108082020.
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Dashavidha Karanadi Pariksha (Ten-fold examination) elaborated in Charaka Samhita imparts complete knowledge of patient’s condition by means of specific investigations. It is done for knowledge of lifespan, degree of strength of body and disease and exact treatment perspective. Accordingly, a patient should be examined in respect of Dhatu Sarata (excellence of body tissues) i.e. as per the best qualities of Dhatu (body tissues). Drudh Danta (strongness of teeth) has been described as a characteristic of Asthi Sarata. Thus, an observational cross-sectional study was planned to assess the probable association between grada-tion of Asthi Sarata (excellence of Asthi Dhatu-bone tissue) as Uttama (excellent) -Madhyama (moderate)-Heena (poor) and incidence of dental caries. Total 200 volunteers were assessed for their grade of Asthi sarata (excellence of Asthi Dhatu-bone tissue) with the help of a questionnaire related to general descrip-tion of Asthi Sara Purusha (person with excellence of bone tissue) as per Charaka Samhita. Dental inspec-tion of each participant was done to check for presence and absence of dental caries. The association be-tween Sarata grade of each individual and incidence of dental caries was established by statistical analysis. Statistical tests showed that Asthi – Sarata (excellence of Asthi Dhatu-bone tissue) and occurrence of den-tal caries were dependent of each other.
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Bytov, Maksim V., Irina M. Petrova, Sergey L. Khatsko, Olga V. Sokolova, and Irina A. Shkuratova. "Protocol refinement for quenching autofluorescence of red blood cells in FFPE sections of organ samples from cattle, pigs and chickens." BIO Web of Conferences 108 (2024): 01034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202410801034.
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One of the most common problem that researchers encounter when using fluorescence to visualize immunohistochemistry is the autofluorescence of the studied organ tissue sections and cell cultures. Autofluorescence quenching is necessary for a wide variety of organs and tissues, as well as for different methods of fixation and histochemical processing of sections. In addition to autofluorescence quenching, it is necessary to take into account the need for histological readability of tissue sections when using counterstains afterwards. Such protocol refinement for fluorescent immunohistochemistry for chicken, porcine and cattle tissues was carried out for the first time, as well as the use of a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution with ethanol as Sudan Black B (SBB) solvent. Incubation of sections in SBB was chosen as the simplest and most nonspecific one. The most effective dissolution of the dye is achieved at a concentration of 0.3% SBB in a solution of 70% ethanol and absolutized DMSO in a 4:1 v/v ratio. The most thorough removal of SBB solution excess is achieved by rinsing the sections 5 times with 70% ethanol and then rinsing the sections with TBST (tris-buffered saline and Tween-20) buffer 5 times.
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Chuanlai, X., P. Cifang, H. Kai, J. Zhengyu, and W. Wukang. "Quantitative analysis of chloramphenicol residues in shrimp muscle tissues by Chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 23, No. 6 (November 15, 2011): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3399-cjfs.
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A competitive indirect chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (ic-CLEIA) has been developed for the determination of chloramphenicol (CAP) residues in shrimp. After the optimisation of four physico-chemical parameters, i.e. incubation time, concentration of Tween-20, concentration of PBS and its pH, the method developed gave a limit of detection of 0.01 ng/ml and a detection range from 0.03 ng/ml to 23.7 ng/ml, with an ED<sub>50</sub> of 0.47 ng/ml. The developed method has been validated on spiked shrimp samples in terms of precision (intra- and interassay coefficient variations of less than 10% and 15%, respectively), and of accuracy (mean recovery from 95% to 123%). All these parameters being better than those of the ELISA method which is widely used to detect chloramphenicol, it may be suggested that the CLEIA method can be used to detect aquatic samples instead of ELISA.
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Xing, Zhe, Jiazheng Cai, Yang Sun, Mengnan Cao, Yi Li, Ying Xue, Anna Finne-Wistrand, and Mustafa Kamal. "Altered Surface Hydrophilicity on Copolymer Scaffolds Stimulate the Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells." Polymers 12, no. 7 (June 29, 2020): 1453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12071453.
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Background: Recent studies have suggested that both poly(l-lactide-co-1,5-dioxepan-2-one) (or poly(LLA-co-DXO)) and poly(l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (or poly(LLA-co-CL)) porous scaffolds are good candidates for use as biodegradable scaffold materials in the field of tissue engineering; meanwhile, their surface properties, such as hydrophilicity, need to be further improved. Methods: We applied several different concentrations of the surfactant Tween 80 to tune the hydrophilicity of both materials. Moreover, the modification was applied not only in the form of solid scaffold as a film but also a porous scaffold. To investigate the potential application for tissue engineering, human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were chosen to test the effect of hydrophilicity on cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. First, the cellular cytotoxicity of the extracted medium from modified scaffolds was investigated on HaCaT cells. Then, hMSCs were seeded on the scaffolds or films to evaluate cell attachment, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. The results indicated a significant increasing of wettability with the addition of Tween 80, and the hMSCs showed delayed attachment and spreading. PCR results indicated that the differentiation of hMSCs was stimulated, and several osteogenesis related genes were up-regulated in the 3% Tween 80 group. Poly(LLA-co-CL) with 3% Tween 80 showed an increased messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) level of late-stage markers such as osteocalcin (OC) and key transcription factor as runt related gene 2 (Runx2). Conclusion: A high hydrophilic scaffold may speed up the osteogenic differentiation for bone tissue engineering.
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Kömüves, László G. "The presence of active, mature goblet cells in the small intestine of newborn miniature piglets." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100145996.
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Goblet cells in the intestine produce intestinal mucus, which acts as a protective barrier. Histochemical studies in 1-wk-old piglets have shown that goblet cells were fully mature, and contained both neutral and acidic mucopolysaccharides. There is no information, however, about the secretory activity of goblet cells in newborn piglets. We present evidence that goblet cells in newborn, nonsuckled miniature piglets actively synthesize and secrete glycoproteins, as detected by wheat germ agglutiningold conjugates (WGA-AU15) in LR White-embedded tissues. Details of the surgical procedures, tissue collection, fixation and tissue processing have been reported. Nonspecific binding of WGA-Au15 to the sections was prevented by incubating the grids on drop of 10 mM Trizma buffer, pH=7.4, containing 0.1% Tween 20, and 500 mM NaCl, for 30 min. This buffer was used to dilute WGA-AU15. The grids were then incubated with WGA-AU15, for 60 min, followed by extensive washing. Inclusion of free WGA or 1 mM N-acetyl-glucosamine in the buffer abolished the labelling by WGA-AU15.
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McClellan, Phillip, Robin Jacquet, Qing Yu, and William J. Landis. "A Method for the Immunohistochemical Identification and Localization of Osterix in Periosteum-Wrapped Constructs for Tissue Engineering of Bone." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 65, no. 7 (April 17, 2017): 407–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/0022155417705300.
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A novel immunohistochemistry (IHC) approach has been developed to label and localize osterix, a bone-specific transcription factor, within formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, tissue-engineered constructs uniquely containing synthetic polymers and human periosteal tissue. Generally, such specimens consisting in part of polymeric materials and mineral are particularly difficult for IHC identification of proteins. Samples here were fabricated from human periosteum, electrospun poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) nanofibers, and polycaprolactone/poly-l-lactic acid (PCL/PLLA, 75/25) scaffolds and harvested following 10 weeks of implantation in athymic mice. Heat-induced and protease-induced epitope retrieval methods from selected existing protocols were examined to identify osterix. All such protease-induced techniques were unsuccessful. Heat-induced retrieval gave positive results for osterix immunohistochemical staining in sodium citrate/EDTA/Tween 20 with high heat (120C) and pressure (~30 psi) for 10 min, but the heat and pressure levels resulted in tissue damage and section delamination from slides that limited protocol effectiveness. Heat-induced epitope retrieval led to other osterix-positive staining results achieved with minimal impact on structural integrity of the tissue and polymers in sodium citrate/EDTA/Tween 20 buffer at 60C and normal pressure (14.5 psi) for 72 hr. The latter approach identified osterix-positive cells by IHC within periosteal tissue, layers of electrospun PLLA nanofibers, and underlying PCL/PLLA scaffolds of the tissue-engineered constructs.
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Korolev, Dmitry, Michael Shumilo, Galina Shulmeyster, Alexander Krutikov, Alexey Golovkin, Alexander Mishanin, Andrew Gorshkov, et al. "Hemolytic Activity, Cytotoxicity, and Antimicrobial Effects of Human Albumin- and Polysorbate-80-Coated Silver Nanoparticles." Nanomaterials 11, no. 6 (June 3, 2021): 1484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11061484.
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In this study, we aimed to develop a technique for colloidal silver nanoparticle (AgNP) modification in order to increase their stability in aqueous suspensions. For this purpose, 40-nm spherical AgNPs were modified by the addition of either human albumin or Tween-80 (Polysorbate-80). After detailed characterization of their physicochemical properties, the hemolytic activity of the nonmodified and modified AgNPs was investigated, as well as their cytotoxicity and antimicrobial effects. Both albumin- and Tween-80-coated AgNPs demonstrated excellent stability in 0.9% sodium chloride solution (>12 months) compared to nonmodified AgNPs, characterized by their rapid precipitation. Hemolytic activity of nonmodified and albumin-coated AgNPs was found to be minimal, while Tween-80-modified AgNPs produced significant hemolysis after 1, 2, and 24 h of incubation. In addition, both native and Tween-80-covered AgNPs showed dose-dependent cytotoxic effects on human adipose-tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. The albumin-coated AgNPs showed minimal cytotoxicity. The antimicrobial effects of native and albumin-coated AgNPs against S. aureus, K. pneumonia, P. aeruginosa, Corynebacterium spp., and Acinetobacter spp. were statistically significant. We conclude that albumin coating of AgNPs significantly contributes to improve stability, reduce cytotoxicity, and confers potent antimicrobial action.
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Warmuz, Justyna, Beata Kawala, and Liwia Minch. "Complete analysis of space in the dental arch used in the Tweed-Merrifield technique as a key to prepare a maximally individual plan of orthodontic treatment." Forum Ortodontyczne 13, no. 4 (December 29, 2017): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.8773.
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The Tweed-Merrifield technique is based on a simple and detailed diagnosis and therapy considering a shape of the dental arch with preservation or improvement of facial features.<b> Aim</b>. The aim of the work was to present a reliable and structured method to analyse diagnostic models used in the Tweed-Merrifield technique. <b>Material and methods</b>. Based on a review of available literature the paper presents rules to assess an amount of space in the arch for tooth movements used in the Tweed-Merrifield technique. The analysis of models in this technique is based on the assessment of three segments of the dentition: anterior, middle and posterior. With regard to each segment actual width of teeth and amount of space available in the arch is measured. Additionally, in the anterior segment evaluation of alignment of lower incisors in relation to FMIA (Frankfort Mandibular Incisor Axis Angle) or IMPA (Lower Incisor Mandibular Plane Angle) cephalometric angles as well as assessment of the soft tissues thickness is important. With regard to the middle segment of the dentition measurement of the curve of the Spee plays an important role, and with regard to the posterior segment it is also necessary to evaluate expected growth in patients at the developmental age. <b>Conclusion</b>. A detailed assessment of possible tooth movements and treatment management taking into account an initial shape of the arch allow to obtain stable therapeutic outcomes. <b>(Warmuz J, Kawala B, Minch L. Complete analysis of space in the dental arch used in the TweedMerrifield technique as a key to prepare a maximally individual plan of orthodontic treatment. Orthod Forum 2017; 13: 283-90).</b>
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Asilian, Ebrahim, Reza Ghasemi-Fasaei, Abdolmajid Ronaghi, Mozhgan Sepehri, and Ali Niazi. "Chemical- and microbial-enhanced phytoremediation of cadmium-contaminated calcareous soil by maize." Toxicology and Industrial Health 35, no. 5 (May 2019): 378–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233719842752.
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Phytoremediation is an appropriate technology used to remove pollutants from environment components. A greenhouse trial was conducted to test the hypothesis that application of surfactant levels and inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens bacterium and/or Piriformospora indica fungus enhances the phytoremediation of cadmium (Cd). Maize seeds were sown in Cd-polluted soil, and after 2 months Cd status in plant tissues and Cd phytoremediation criteria was determined. Results showed that application of surfactant increased root and shoot dry weight. Mean Cd uptake in roots and shoots increased following the application of 2 and 4 mmol kg−1 Tween 80, respectively. Application of 2 mmol kg−1 Tween 80 increased mean Cd uptake efficiency, while application of 4 mmol kg−1 Tween 80 increased phytoextraction and translocation efficiencies. Inoculation with P. indica and P. fluorescens was mostly effective in increasing Cd uptake and Cd phytoextraction efficiency, respectively. Co-inoculation with P. indica and P. fluorescens had no superiority to application of each inoculant alone. Since most of the Cd remained in roots, phytostabilization is probably the main mechanism controlling Cd phytoremediation by maize. According to the results, application of Tween 80 and inoculation with P. indica and P. fluorescens effectively enhanced phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil by maize.
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Aldossary, Sara Abdulraman. "Sesamol counter act toxicity of arsenic on testicular tissues." Journal of medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences 11, no. 5 (October 31, 2022): 5259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.55522/jmpas.v11i5.3794.
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The main aim of the study includes analyzing the protective effects of sesamol of testicular in arsenic-induced toxicity. Primarily there have been different treatments and sample preparation methods that includethe mixing of drugs seasonal and arsenic, as they were immersed into the aqueous solution of tween 80 and further arsenic stabilisation was done using gum of 0.2%. A total of four groups, each group having 8 rats selected. Testicular catalase is decreased in arsenic treated rats whereas testicular (Glutathione synthetase) GSH, testicular (nitric oxide) NO and testicular malondialdehyde are increased in arsenic treated rats. These indicate sesamol has a protective effect against arsenic induced testicular toxicity.
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Keddari, Soumia, Iyas Aldib, and Ali Riazi. "In vivo stimulatory effects of wheat bran on intestinal microbial ecosystem of mice." South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 4, no. 1 (March 16, 2014): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.4(1).p24-32.
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The prebiotic effect in vivo of wheat bran on growth and colonization of both strains bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis Bb12 and B. bifi-dum Bb 443) and two lactic strains (Lactobacillus acidophilus LbA - CEC-T4529; L.rhamnosus LBRE - LSAS) was investigated. Conventional Swiss mice received a daily dose of orogastric monocultures of different strains tested for 4 weeks. These mice were fed a diet supplemented with or without wheat bran by weight. Changes in weight, implantation of strains and modifi-cation of microflora were monitored throughout the study. At the end of the experiment, after 4 weeks of observation, the sample of blood, various or-gans, and tissues of the digestive tract were collected to determine the he-matological parameters and biochemical parameters, blood and various or-gans were used in the study of bacterial translocation and gut tissue in the histological study. The results show the prebiotic effect of wheat bran on the location of the strains studied. This colonization by beneficial bacteria con-tributes significantly to the modification of the intestinal microbiota. Indeed, a reduction rate of the germ Bacteroides was recorded. The results of hema-tological and biochemical parameters showed no significant difference be-tween mice of different lots. In general, the values were within the stand-ards. According to the histological study of vital tissues, administration of lactic three strains (Bb12, Bb443 and LBRE- LSAS) has revealed no expression of inflammation or necrosis. In contrast, inflammatory effects and tissue ne-crosis were detected during the administration of Lactobacillus acidophilus strain.
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Smith, Bradford J., Lennart K. A. Lundblad, Michaela Kollisch-Singule, Joshua Satalin, Gary Nieman, Nader Habashi, and Jason H. T. Bates. "Predicting the response of the injured lung to the mechanical breath profile." Journal of Applied Physiology 118, no. 7 (April 1, 2015): 932–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00902.2014.
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Mechanical ventilation is a crucial component of the supportive care provided to patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Current practice stipulates the use of a low tidal volume (Vt) of 6 ml/kg ideal body weight, the presumptive notion being that this limits overdistension of the tissues and thus reduces volutrauma. We have recently found, however, that airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) is efficacious at preventing ventilator-induced lung injury, yet APRV has a very different mechanical breath profile compared with conventional low-Vt ventilation. To gain insight into the relative merits of these two ventilation modes, we measured lung mechanics and derecruitability in rats before and following Tween lavage. We fit to these lung mechanics measurements a computational model of the lung that accounts for both the degree of tissue distension of the open lung and the amount of lung derecruitment that takes place as a function of time. Using this model, we predicted how tissue distension, open lung fraction, and intratidal recruitment vary as a function of ventilator settings both for conventional low-Vt ventilation and for APRV. Our predictions indicate that APRV is more effective at recruiting the lung than low-Vt ventilation, but without causing more overdistension of the tissues. On the other hand, low-Vt ventilation generally produces less intratidal recruitment than APRV. Predictions such as these may be useful for deciding on the relative benefits of different ventilation modes and thus may serve as a means for determining how to ventilate a given lung in the least injurious fashion.
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Brandl, Maria T., and Steven Huynh. "Effect of the Surfactant Tween 80 on the Detachment and Dispersal of Salmonella enterica Serovar Thompson Single Cells and Aggregates from Cilantro Leaves as Revealed by Image Analysis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 16 (June 6, 2014): 5037–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00795-14.
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ABSTRACTSalmonella entericahas the ability to form biofilms and large aggregates on produce surfaces, including on cilantro leaves. Aggregates ofS. entericaserovar Thompson that remained attached to cilantro leaves after rigorous washing and that were present free or bound to dislodged leaf tissue in the wash suspension were observed by confocal microscopy. Measurement ofS.Thompson population sizes in the leaf washes by plate counts failed to show an effect of 0.05% Tween 80 on the removal of the pathogen from cilantro leaves 2 and 6 days after inoculation. On the contrary, digital image analysis of micrographs of single cells and aggregates of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-S.Thompson present in cilantro leaf washes revealed that single cells represented 13.7% of the cell assemblages in leaf washes containing Tween 80, versus 9.3% in those without the surfactant. Moreover, Tween 80 decreased the percentage of the totalS.Thompson cell population located in aggregates equal to or larger than 64 cells from 9.8% to 4.4% (P< 0.05). Regression analysis of the frequency distribution of aggregate size in leaf washes with and without Tween 80 showed that the surfactant promoted the dispersal of cells from large aggregates into smaller ones and into single cells (P< 0.05). Our study underlines the importance of investigating bacterial behavior at the scale of single cells in order to uncover trends undetectable at the population level by bacterial plate counts. Such an approach may provide valuable information to devise strategies aimed at enhancing the efficacy of produce sanitization treatments.
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Dmitriev, М. О. "Determination of individual teleroentgenographic characteristics of the face profile in ukrainian young men and girls with orthognathic bite." Biomedical and Biosocial Anthropology, no. 32 (September 20, 2018): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/bba32-2018-04.
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Modern dentistry requires the definition of individualized values of teleroentgenographic indicators. To solve such problems, methods of regression and correlation analysis are increasingly used, which help to establish not only the existence of various relationships between the anatomical structures of the head and the parameters of the dento-jaw system, but also allow more accurately predict the change in the contour of soft facial tissue in response to orthodontic treatment. The purpose of the study is to develop mathematical models for the determination of individual teleroentgenographic characteristics of the facial soft tissues by studying the cephalometric indices of young men and women of Ukraine with normal occlusion and balanced faces and conducting a direct stepwise regression analysis. With the use of Veraviewepocs 3D device, Morita (Japan) from 38 young men (17 to 21 years of age) and 55 young women (aged from 16 to 20 years) with occlusal close to the orthognathic bite and balanced faces received side teleroentgenograms. The cephalometric analysis was performed using OnyxCeph³™ licensed software. Cephalometric points and measurements were made according to the recommendations of Downs W. B., Holdway R. A., McNamara J., Schwarz A. M., Schmuth G. P. F., Steiner C. C. and Tweed C. H. With the help of direct stepwise regression analysis, in the licensed package “Statistica 6.0”, regression models of individual teleroentgenographic characteristics of the profile of soft facial tissues were constructed. In young men with normal occlusion close to the orthognathic bite of 19 possible models, 11 were constructed with a determination coefficient from 0.638 to 0.930, and in young women – 12 models with a determination coefficient from 0.541 to 0.927. The conducted analysis of models showed that in young men most often the regression equations included – angle N_POG, parameters of which indicate a linear interjaw relation in the anterior-posterior direction (14.0%); angle GL_SNPOG, or index of convexity of the soft tissue profile (8.8%); MAX maxillary length (7.0%), and GL_SN_S index, which defines vertical correlations in the facial profile (5.3%). The young women most often models included – the angle N_POG (12.5%); angle GL_SNPOG (7.5%); soft tissue front angle P_OR_N (6.25%); the reference angle ML_NL and the profile angle T (by 5.0%); the angle AB_NPOG, the angle NBA_PTGN, which defines the direction of development of the mandible and the distance PN_A (3.75%). Thus, in the work with the help of the method of stepwise regression with inclusion, among Ukrainians of adolescence age, based on the characteristics of teleroentgenographic indicators, reliable models of individual teleroentgenographic characteristics of the profile of soft facial tissues were developed and analyzed.
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Armadany, Fery Indradewi, Laode Muhammad Fitrawan, Fitri Rahmadani Saputri, Vica Aspadiah, and Henny Kasmawati. "Combination of Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica (L.)) Ethyl Acetate Extract and Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) as Burn Healing." Journal Borneo 3, no. 2 (July 31, 2023): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.57174/j.born.v3i2.89.
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Burns result from exposure to heat sources like fire, chemicals, or radiation and can lead to tissue loss or damage. Traditional healing of burns often involves using herbal remedies like gotu kola and coconut, typically oil extracts. This study aims to identify the healing effects of burns by administering a combination of ethyl acetate extract of gotu kola herb and virgin coconut oil (VCO) to mice. The mice were divided into 7 groups, namely negative control (K(-)) was given tween 20; positive control (K(+)): burn topical medicine on the market, P1: 10% Ethylacetate extract in tween 20; P2: VCO; P3: Ethyl acetate extract 10% and VCO 50% in tween 20; P4: 5% Ethyl acetate extract in VCO; P5: extract 10% Ethyl acetate in VCO and treated for 21 consecutive days with a frequency of twice a day. The results showed that the combination of 10% ethyl acetate extract of gotu kola herb in VCO exhibited the highest healing activity for burns, comparable to the positive control (K(+)) topical medicine on the market. The higher the extract concentration and VCO, the better the healing activity of burns.
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Roacho-Pérez, Jorge A., Fernando G. Ruiz-Hernandez, Christian Chapa-Gonzalez, Herminia G. Martínez-Rodríguez, Israel A. Flores-Urquizo, Florencia E. Pedroza-Montoya, Elsa N. Garza-Treviño, Minerva Bautista-Villareal, Perla E. García-Casillas, and Celia N. Sánchez-Domínguez. "Magnetite Nanoparticles Coated with PEG 3350-Tween 80: In Vitro Characterization Using Primary Cell Cultures." Polymers 12, no. 2 (February 2, 2020): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12020300.
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Some medical applications of magnetic nanoparticles require direct contact with healthy tissues and blood. If nanoparticles are not designed properly, they can cause several problems, such as cytotoxicity or hemolysis. A strategy for improvement the biological proprieties of magnetic nanoparticles is their functionalization with biocompatible polymers and nonionic surfactants. In this study we compared bare magnetite nanoparticles against magnetite nanoparticles coated with a combination of polyethylene glycol 3350 (PEG 3350) and polysorbate 80 (Tween 80). Physical characteristics of nanoparticles were evaluated. A primary culture of sheep adipose mesenchymal stem cells was developed to measure nanoparticle cytotoxicity. A sample of erythrocytes from a healthy donor was used for the hemolysis assay. Results showed the successful obtention of magnetite nanoparticles coated with PEG 3350-Tween 80, with a spherical shape, average size of 119.2 nm and a zeta potential of +5.61 mV. Interaction with mesenchymal stem cells showed a non-cytotoxic propriety at doses lower than 1000 µg/mL. Interaction with erythrocytes showed a non-hemolytic propriety at doses lower than 100 µg/mL. In vitro information obtained from this work concludes that the use of magnetite nanoparticles coated with PEG 3350-Tween 80 is safe for a biological system at low doses.
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Zukancic, Danijela, Estelle J. A. Suys, Emily H. Pilkington, Azizah Algarni, Hareth Al-Wassiti, and Nghia P. Truong. "The Importance of Poly(ethylene glycol) and Lipid Structure in Targeted Gene Delivery to Lymph Nodes by Lipid Nanoparticles." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 11 (November 9, 2020): 1068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12111068.
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Targeted delivery of nucleic acids to lymph nodes is critical for the development of effective vaccines and immunotherapies. However, it remains challenging to achieve selective lymph node delivery. Current gene delivery systems target mainly to the liver and typically exhibit off-target transfection at various tissues. Here we report novel lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) that can deliver plasmid DNA (pDNA) to a draining lymph node, thereby significantly enhancing transfection at this target organ, and substantially reducing gene expression at the intramuscular injection site (muscle). In particular, we discovered that LNPs stabilized by 3% Tween 20, a surfactant with a branched poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chain linking to a short lipid tail, achieved highly specific transfection at the lymph node. This was in contrast to conventional LNPs stabilized with a linear PEG chain and two saturated lipid tails (PEG-DSPE) that predominately transfected at the injection site (muscle). Interestingly, replacing Tween 20 with Tween 80, which has a longer unsaturated lipid tail, led to a much lower transfection efficiency. Our work demonstrates the importance of PEGylation in selective organ targeting of nanoparticles, provides new insights into the structure–property relationship of LNPs, and offers a novel, simple, and practical PEGylation technology to prepare the next generation of safe and effective vaccines against viruses or tumours.
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Jabbar, Ahmed A. J., Zaenah Zuhair Alamri, Mahmood Ameen Abdulla, Ahmed S. AlRashdi, Soran Kayfi Najmaldin, and Mustafa AbdulMonam Zainel. "Sinapic Acid Attenuate Liver Injury by Modulating Antioxidant Activity and Inflammatory Cytokines in Thioacetamide-Induced Liver Cirrhosis in Rats." Biomedicines 11, no. 5 (May 15, 2023): 1447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11051447.
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Sinapic acid (SA) is a natural pharmacological active compound found in berries, nuts, and cereals. The current study aimed to investigate the protective effects of SA against thioacetamide (TAA) fibrosis in rats by histopathological and immunohistochemical assays. The albino rats (30) were randomly divided into five groups (G). G1 was injected with distilled water 3 times/week and fed orally daily with 10% Tween 20 for two months. G2–5 were injected with 200 mg/kg TAA three times weekly for two months and fed with 10% Tween 20, 50 mg/kg silymarin, 20, and 40 mg/kg of SA daily for 2 months, respectively. The results showed that rats treated with SA had fewer hepatocyte injuries with lower liver index (serum bilirubin, total protein, albumin, and liver enzymes (ALP, ALT, and AST) and were similar to that of control and silymarin-treated rats. Acute toxicity for 2 and 4 g/kg SA showed to be safe without any toxic signs in treated rats. Macroscopic examination showed that hepatotoxic liver had an irregular, rough surface with micro and macro nodules and histopathology expressed by Hematoxylin and Eosin, and Masson Trichrome revealed severe inflammation and infiltration of focal necrosis, fibrosis, lymphocytes, and proliferation bile duct. In contrast, rats fed with SA had significantly lower TAA toxicity in gross and histology and liver tissues as presented by less liver tissue disruption, lesser fibrosis, and minimum in filtered hepatocytes. Immunohistochemistry of rats receiving SA showed significant up-regulation of HSP 70% and down-regulation of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein expression compared to positive control rats. The homogenized liver tissues showed a notable rise in the antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) actions with significantly lower malondialdehyde (MDA) levels compared to that of the positive control group. Furthermore, the SA-treated rats had significantly lower TNF-a, IL-6, and higher IL-10 levels than the positive control rats. Thus, the findings suggest SA as a hepatoprotective compound due to its inhibitory effects on fibrosis, hepatotoxicity, liver cell proliferation, up-regulation of HSP 70, and downregulation of α-SMA expression, inhibiting lipid peroxidation (MDA), while retaining the liver index and antioxidant enzymes to normal.
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Marefati, Narges, Farimah Beheshti, Akbar Anaeigoudari, Fatemeh Alipour, Reyhaneh Shafieian, Fatemeh Akbari, Maryam Pirasteh, et al. "The effects of vitamin D on cardiovascular damage induced by lipopolysaccharides in rats." Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research 15, no. 2 (June 29, 2023): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jcvtr.2023.31719.
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Introduction: Inflammation and oxidative stress are contributed to cardiovascular diseases. Vitamin D (Vit D) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the current research, the effect of Vit D on cardiac fibrosis and inflammation, and oxidative stress indicators in cardiovascular tissues was studied in lipopolysaccharides(LPS) injected rats. Methods: Rats were distributed into 5 groups and were treated for 2 weeks. Control: received vehicle(saline supplemented with tween-80) instead of Vit D and saline instead of LPS, LPS: treated by 1 mg/kg of LPS and was given vehicle instead of Vit D, LPS-Vit D groups: received 3 doses of Vit D (100, 1000, and 10000 IU/kg) of Vit D in addition to LPS. Vit D was dissolved in saline supplemented with tween-80 (final concentration 0.1%) and LPS was dissolved in saline. The white blood cell (WBC) was counted. Oxidative stress markers were determined in serum, aorta, and heart. Cardiac tissue fibrosis was also estimated using Masson’s trichrome staining method. Results: WBC and malondialdehyde (MDA) were higher in the LPS group than the control group, whereas the thiol content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were lower in the LPS group than the control group (P<0.01 and P<0.001). Administration of Vit D decreased WBC (P<0.001) and MDA (P<0.05 and P<0.001) while enhanced thiol (dose 10000 IU/Kg) (P<0.001), SOD (dose 10000 IU/kg) (P<0.001), and CAT (P<0.05 and P<0.001) compared to the LPS group. All doses of Vit D also decreased cardiac fibrosis compared to the LPS group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Vit D protected the cardiovascular against the detrimental effect of LPS. This cardiovascular protection can be attributed to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Vit D.
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Rancan, Fiorenza, Jana Jurisch, Cemre Günday, Emre Türeli, Ulrike Blume-Peytavi, Annika Vogt, Christoph Schaudinn, and Nazende Günday-Türeli. "Screening of Surfactants for Improved Delivery of Antimicrobials and Poly-Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid Particles in Wound Tissue." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 7 (July 17, 2021): 1093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13071093.
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Topical wound management is often a challenge due to the poor penetration of antimicrobials in wound tissue and across the biofilm matrix where bacteria are embedded. Surfactants have been used for decades to improve the stability of formulations, increase drug solubility, and enhance penetration. In this study, we screened different detergents with respect to their cytotoxicity and their ability to improve the penetration of poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) particles in wound tissue. Among the tested surfactants, Kolliphor SLS and Tween 80 increased the penetration of PLGA particles and had a limited cytotoxicity. Then, these surfactants were used to formulate PLGA particles loaded with the poorly water-soluble antibiotic ciprofloxacin. The antimicrobial efficacy of the formulations was tested in a wound infection model based on human ex vivo skin. We found that even though PLGA particles had the same antimicrobial efficiency than the particle-free drug formulation, thanks to their solubilizing and anti-biofilm properties, the surfactants remarkably improved the antimicrobial activity of ciprofloxacin with respect to the drug formulation in water. We conclude that the use of Tween 80 in antimicrobial formulations might be a safe and efficient option to improve the topical antimicrobial management of chronic wound infections.
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Zaki Hammodi, Hiba, and Nada Naji Al-Shawi. "Protective Effect of Daidzein on Ifosfamide-Induced Neurotoxicity Via Improving Some Selected Oxidative Stress Parameters in Male Rats." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN 1683 - 3597 E-ISSN 2521 - 3512) 32, Suppl. (November 1, 2023): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol32isssuppl.pp53-60.
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In this study, the possible protective effects of daidzein on ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity in male rats were examined by the determination of changes in selected oxidant–antioxidant markers of male rats’ brain tissue.
Twenty-eight (28) apparently-healthy Wistar male rats weighing (120-150gm) allocated into 4 groups (n=7) were used in this study. Rats orally-administered 1% tween 20 dissolved in distilled water/Control (Group I); rats were orally-administered daidzein suspension (100mg/kg) for 7 days (Group II); rats intraperitoneally-injected with a single dose of ifosfamide (500 mg/kg) (Group III); rats orally-administered for 7 days with the daidzein (100mg/kg) before a single intraperitoneal dose of ifosfamide (500 mg/kg) at day 7 (Group IV). Twenty-four (24) hours after the end of treatment, determination of the malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity levels in the rats’ brain tissue homogenate were performed; in addition to the histopathological examination of the brain tissues sections. Results showed that the levels of malondialdehyde in brain tissue were significantly-increased (P<0.05) in (Group III/ifosfamide-only) rats compared to such level in the rats’ brain tissue of controls (Group I). Furthermore, the brain tissue level of the malondialdehyde was significantly-decreased (P<0.05) in rats of Group IV (orally-administered DZN prior to IFO) compared to such tissue level in rats of Group III. Moreover, the brain levels of each of the reduced glutathione and the superoxide dismutase enzyme activity were significantly-decreased (P<0.05) in (Group III) compared to each level in those of Group I. Additionally, the brain levels of each of the antioxidant parameters was significantly-increase (P<0.05) in Group IV rats compared to each of these tissue levels in rats of Group III.
As a results, daidzein has a protective effect against ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity in rats via improving some selected oxidative stress parameters in male rats.
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Skaptsov, Mikhail, Maxim Kutsev, Maxim Filipenko, Evgeniy Khrapov, and Harue Shinoyama. "Effect of Modified Heptamethyltrisiloxane on the Efficiency of Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation and Expression of Recombinant Structure in Plant Cell and Tissue Culture." Key Engineering Materials 683 (February 2016): 506–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.683.506.
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Detergents represent a unique class of chemical compounds. They can alter surface and interphase bonds, and form micellar systems. These detergent properties allow to alter wettability of surfaces, stabilize or destabilize dispersed systems, and modify the properties of liquid phases. Therefore, the use of detergents is virtually unlimited in chemical synthesis and processing, medicine, biological systems and agricultural biology. The article includes the studies of the feasibility of application of 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-heptamethyltrisiloxane modified by polyalkylene oxide in combination with allyloxypolyethyleneglycol in the ratio of 10:1 as a detergent for agrobacterial-mediated transformation. Tween 20 detergent was used as a means of control in the concentration of 5%. As a result of histochemical analysis of transformed tissues, a significant difference was determined in expression of beta-glucuronidase reporter gene. The study of gene expression by calculating the relative content of mRNA showed that the initial number of mRNA copies of genetic makers transfected by co-culturing in a liquid medium with addition of Tween 20 is on the average 32% lower than when using modified heptamethyltrisiloxane
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Aboubakr, Esam M., Hamdoon A. Mohammed, Abeer S. Hassan, Hebatallah B. Mohamed, Mahmoud I. El Dosoky, and Adel M. Ahmad. "Glutathione-loaded non-ionic surfactant niosomes: A new approach to improve oral bioavailability and hepatoprotective efficacy of glutathione." Nanotechnology Reviews 11, no. 1 (December 10, 2021): 117–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2022-0010.
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Abstract A new formulation (niosomes) was prepared to enhance the bioavailability, hepatic tissue uptake, and hepatoprotective activity of glutathione (GSH). The GSH-loaded niosomes (nanoform, N-GSH) were formulated by the thin-film hydration technique using cholesterol/non-ionic surfactants (Span®40, Span®60, and Tween®80) at a componential ratio of 1:1 and 2:1. The hepatoprotective activity of N-GSH, GSH, and the standard silymarin against CCl4-induced liver damage and oxidative stress were tested on the rats’ model. The hepatic morphology and histopathological characters were also investigated. The tissue contents of N-GSH were analysed using a concurrently validated RP-HPLC method. The optimized niosomes, composed of glutathione (500 mg), cholesterol, and Span®60-Tween®80 at a molar ratio of 2:1 of cholesterol/non-ionic surfactant, displaying a particle size of 688.5 ± 14.52 nm, a zeta potential of −26.47 ± 0.158 mV, and encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 66 ± 2.8% was selected for in vivo testing. The levels of MDA, NO, SOD, NF-κB, IL-1β, and Bcl-2 were measured. The results demonstrated that hepatic tissue damage was ameliorated using N-GSH as confirmed by the morphological and histopathological examination compared to the CCl4 and control groups. The N-GSH significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the elevated levels of hepatic enzymes, oxidative parameters, and inflammatory mediators, as compared to silymarin and GSH. Also, N-GSH significantly (p < 0.05) increased GSH hepatocyte concentrations as compared to the control groups. The present study demonstrated that N-GSH remarkably improved glutathione oral bioavailability and hepatic tissue uptake, thereby introducing a new glutathione formulation to protect hepatic tissue from injury and restore its GSH contents.
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Khalil-Zada, R. S., S. A. Etibarli, and K. T. Hepgul. "SURGERY FOR OCCULT SPINAL DYSRAPHISM." National Journal of Neurology 2013, Special (September 30, 2013): 132–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.61788/njn.spec.13.30.
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Failure of closure of the spine is referred to as spinal dysraphism or spina bifida. If there is no, or minimal soft tissue defect so that neural tissue is not exposed, it is referred to as occult spinal dysra-phism (OSD). Most OSD include become evident as tethered cord syndrome or in rare cases as diastematomyelia. Surgical detethering is the only treatment option, as natural history shows neurological deterioration in most cases with non-surgical treatment. In this report, we analyzed results of surgical treatment for OSD in seventeen patients operated be-tween 2008-2013 depending on their pre-op neurological signs and radiological findings.
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Amantayev, Nurbolat Gabdullaevich, Marina Mikhailovna Silantyeva, and Vadim Tagirovich Khassanov. "Selecting sterilization conditions for the explants of different potato varieties to be in vitro introduced into the culture." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series” 111, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2023bmg3/16-24.
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An explant is a fragment of plant tissue or organ that is incubated on its own or used to produce a primary callus. The introduction of any plant’s tissues into the culture in vitro begins with the selection of an uninfected viable explant. The authors presented the results of the effect of various sterilizing agents as well as the treatment timing on the viability of plant explants during microclonal propagation of potatoes of the following varieties: Aladin, Gala, Nevsky, Udacha and Kostanay Novosti. The meristem sprouts from potato tubers were used as parent material. The following commercial sterilizing agents were used: Bleach (Belizna), Tween 20, Lyzoformin 3000, 96 % ethyl alcohol. The influence of sterilizing agents as well as the timing of the treatment on the viability of explants and their contamination is analyzed. As a result of the experiments, it has been found that the most effective sterilizing agent is the 3 % bleach and 96 % ethyl alcohol with exposure duration of 10 minutes. Based on the results of the experiment, it is proposed to use the 3 % bleach with an exposure time of 10 minutes as the main sterilizing agent, and the 96 % ethyl alcohol as some pre-treatment of explants to reduce surface contamination. The authors believe that the 96 % ethyl alcohol is the best option for sterilizing solutions since it is a non-toxic, gentle method of sterilization with minimum damage of the plant material tissues.
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Duduk, Natasa, Mirko Ivanovic, and Bojan Duduk. "Detection of Colletotrichum acutatum latent infections in strawberry petioles and leaves." Pesticidi i fitomedicina 23, no. 4 (2008): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif0804235d.
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Colletotrichum acutatum is the most significant agent of anthracnose strawberry fruit rot. Besides being a necrotrophic pest, it can spend a part of its life cycle as an epiphyte, in a form of latent infection. The presence of the fungi on symptomless plant tissue is considered one of the main ways of distribution of this economically harmful pathogen in the world. Investigation of latent C. acutatum infection was carried out on artificially inoculated strawberries. The initiation of fungi sporulation on symptomless petioles and leaves was carried out by exposing them to the herbicide paraquat (0.25%) and low temperatures, which caused plant tissue decay in different ways. Surface sterilization with 0.5% NaOCl precedes the exposure of plant material to paraquat. The freezing procedure was carried out by exposure of plant material to the temperature of -20?C for 2h. After the freezing, one group was rinsed in Tween 20 (18 ?l/l), and another group underwent surface sterilization in 0.0525% NaOCl with an addition of Tween 20 (18 ?l/l). After 6 days of incubation, the appearance of acervuli and conidia was detected in 93.33 to 100% plant parts exposed to paraquat treatment and freezing procedure. In inoculated parts which were not exposed to herbicides or low temperatures, the presence of acervuli was detected in 3.33% tested petioles and 6.67% leaves.
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Somtrakoon, Khanitta, Wilailuck Khompun, Chonlada Dechakiatkrai Theerakarunwong, and Waraporn Chouychai. "Gibberellic Acid and Tween 20 Increases Napier Grass Tolerance to Synthetic Pyrethroid." Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 46, no. 4 (November 27, 2023): 1391–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.46.4.20.
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The wide use of synthetic pyrethroids has increased their contamination in agricultural soil, so removing this pollutant from agricultural sites is necessary. Phytoremediation offers promise for agricultural soil decontamination as it is an environmentally friendly and green method. In this study, Napier grass cv. Pakchong 1 (Pennisetum purpureum x Pennisetum Americanum), cuttings with or without soaking in gibberellic acid (GA3) with and without the surfactant Tween 20, were planted in synthetic pyrethroid contaminated soil for 20 days. The results showed that the synthetic pyrethroid reduced shoot and root growth, reduced the pigment content and increased the proline content in the leaves of Napier grass cv. Pakchong 1, and GA3 soaking alone was the most appropriate method to alleviate synthetic pyrethroid phytotoxicity. However, planting with Napier grass cv. Pakchong 1 did not enhance soil biodegradation of cypermethrin, deltamethrin, permethrin, and fenvalerate. Napier grass did not accumulate synthetic pyrethroids within the shoot and root tissue, as the bioconcentration factor for each compound was below 1. Indigenous soil microorganisms caused a decrease in these synthetic pyrethroids. Napier grass could tolerate and grow well in pyrethroid-contaminated soil, and a method to enhance the plant’s capacity to remove pyrethroid from the soil should be developed.
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Zampieri, Sandra, Anna Ghirardello, Andrea Doria, Marta Tonello, Raffaele Bendo, Katia Rossini, and Pier Franca Gambari. "The use of Tween 20 in immunoblotting assays for the detection of autoantibodies in connective tissue diseases." Journal of Immunological Methods 239, no. 1-2 (May 2000): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1759(00)00168-x.
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Hardarani, Nofia, and Chatimatun Nisa. "Efektivitas Formulasi Sterilan terhadap Jenis Eksplan pada Kultur Durian Lahung (Durio dulcis)." Daun: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian dan Kehutanan 9, no. 2 (December 27, 2022): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/daun.v9i2.4264.
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Durian lahung is a type of endemic durian to Kalimantan which has a unique characteristic, namely its red skin. The existence of this plant is almost extinct so that conservation needs to be done and one way is to use tissue culture techniques. As first step, it is necessary to conduct experiments to obtain the right sterilization method in order to obtain aseptic planting material. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of sterilant formulation on type of explant for lahung durian culture. This study was designed using two factors factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and was repeated four times. The first factor was formulation of sterilant which consists of five levels and the second factor was type of explant which consists of two levels, i.e leaf and node. The results showed that the combination of sterilant formulation tween 20, fungicide, bactericide, Bayclin 20%, alcohol 70%, HgCl2 0,05%, H2O2 17,6% with leaf explant produced the highest percentage of browning until 4 wap. There was no browning in all combinations of sterilant formulations with node explant. The sterilant formulation tween 20, fungicide, baktericide, alcohol 70% gave the longest time to appear contamination and browning, smaller percentage of contamination and greater percentage of live explants at 2 and 3 wap, while at 4 wap it was obtained from the sterilant formulation tween 20, fungicide, bactericide, Bayclin 20%, alcohol 70%, HgCl2 0,05%. Leaf explants had lower percentage of contamination and higher percentage of live explants than node explants.
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Ghassami, Erfaneh, Jaleh Varshosaz, Mohsen Minaiyan, Mehrab Nasirikenari, and Seyed M. Hoseini. "Biodistribution, Safety and Organ Toxicity of Docetaxel-Loaded in HER-2 Aptamer Conjugated Ecoflex® Nanoparticles in a Mouse Xenograft Model of Ovarian Cancer." Recent Patents on Nanotechnology 13, no. 1 (April 25, 2019): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1872210513666181128162403.
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Background:Docetaxel is a notably efficient anticancer drug administered for several types of malignancies including ovarian cancer. However, various side effects caused either by the nonspecific distribution of the active ingredient or by high contents of Tween 80 and ethanol in the currently marketed formulations, could even deprive the patients of the treatment.Objectives:In the current study, a novel targeted delivery system composed of Ecoflex® polymeric nanoparticles loaded with docetaxel and equipped with HER-2 specific aptamer molecules was evaluated regarding blood and tissue toxicity, and biodistribution.Method:The tumor-bearing nude mice, achieved by subcutaneous injection of SKOV-3 cells, were divided into four groups treated with normal saline, Taxotere®, targeted docetaxel nanoparticles, and non-targeted docetaxel nanoparticles. Few patents were alos cied in the article.Results:According to the results of hematologic evaluations, almost all hematologic parameters were in normal range with no significant difference among the four groups. Histopathological studies revealed that treatment with targeted nanoparticles caused a remarkable reduction in mitosis in tumor sections and overall reduced organ toxicity compared with Taxotere®. The only exception was spleen in which more damage was caused by the nanoparticles. The results of the biodistribution study were also in accordance with pathological assessments, with significantly lower drug concentration in non-tumor tissues, except for spleen, when targeted nanoparticles were used compared with Taxotere®.Conclusion:These results could evidence the efficiency of the targeted delivery system in concentrating the drug cargo mostly in its site of action leading to the elimination of its adverse effects caused by exposure of other tissues to the cytotoxic agent.
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Molinaro, Roberto, Agnese Gagliardi, Antonia Mancuso, Donato Cosco, Mahmoud E. Soliman, Luca Casettari, and Donatella Paolino. "Development and In Vivo Evaluation of Multidrug Ultradeformable Vesicles for the Treatment of Skin Inflammation." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 12 (December 3, 2019): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11120644.
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The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of two chemically different edge activators, i.e., Tween® 80 and sodium deoxycholate, on (i) the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of ultradeformable vesicles, and (ii) the administration of naproxen sodium-loaded multidrug ultradeformable vesicles for the transdermal route in order to obtain therapeutically meaningful drug concentrations in the target tissues and to potentiate its anti-inflammatory effect by association with the antioxidant drug idebenone. The results obtained in this investigation highlighted a synergistic action between naproxen and idebenone in the treatment of inflammatory disease with a more pronounced anti-inflammatory effect in multidrug ultradeformable vesicles compared to the commercial formulation of Naprosyn® gel. Systems made up of Tween® 80 appeared to be the most suitable in terms of percutaneous permeation and anti-inflammatory activity due to the greater deformability of these vesicles compared to multidrug ultradeformable vesicles with sodium deoxycholate. Our findings are very encouraging and suggest the use of these carriers in the topical treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Rubio-Osornio, Moisés, Carmen T. Goméz-De León, Sergio Montes, Carmen Rubio, Camilo Ríos, Antonio Monroy, and Jorge Morales-Montor. "Repurposing Simvastatin in Parkinson’s Disease Model: Protection Is throughout Modulation of the Neuro-Inflammatory Response in the Substantia nigra." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 13 (June 21, 2023): 10414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310414.
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Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by oxidative stress and immune activation in the nigro-striatal pathway. Simvastatin regulates cholesterol metabolism and protects from atherosclerosis disease. Simvastatin-tween 80 was administered 7 days before sterotaxic intrastriatal administration of MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine) in rats. Fluorescent lipidic product formation, dopamine levels, and circling behavior were considered damage markers. Twenty-four hours and six days after, the animal group lesioned with MPP+ showed significant damage in relation to the control group. Animals pretreated with simvastatin significantly reduced the MPP+-induced damage compared to the MPP+ treated group. As apoptosis promotes neuroinflammation and neuronal degeneration in Parkinson’s disease, and since there is not currently a proteomic map of the nigro-striatum of rats and assuming a high homology among the identified proteins in other rat tissues, we based the search for rat protein homologs related to the establishment of inflammation response. We demonstrate that most proteins related to inflammation decreased in the simvastatin-treated rats. Furthermore, differential expression of antioxidant enzymes in striated tissue of rat brains was found in response to simvastatin. These results suggest that simvastatin could prevent striatal MPP+-induced damage and, for the first time, suggest that the molecular mechanisms involved in this have a protective effect.
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Baral, Kshitis Chandra, Sang Hoon Lee, Jae Geun Song, Seong Hoon Jeong, and Hyo-Kyung Han. "Improved Therapeutic Efficacy of MT102, a New Anti-Inflammatory Agent, via a Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System, in Ulcerative Colitis Mice." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 12 (December 2, 2023): 2720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15122720.
Full textAbstract:
MT-102 is a new anti-inflammatory agent derived from Juglans mandshurica and Isatis indigotica. Its therapeutic potential is hindered by low aqueous solubility, impacting its in vivo efficacy. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) for MT-102 to enhance its oral efficacy in treating ulcerative colitis. Solubility assessment in different oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants led to a SMEDDS formulation of MT-102 using Capmul MCM, Tween 80, and propylene glycol. Based on a pseudoternary phase diagram, the optimal SMEDDS composition was selected, which consisted of 15% Capmul MCM, 42.5% Tween 80, and 42.5% propylene glycol. The resulting optimized SMEDDS (SMEDDS-F1) exhibited a narrow size distribution (177.5 ± 2.80 nm) and high indirubin content (275 ± 5.58 µg/g, a biomarker). Across an acidic to neutral pH range, SMEDDS-F1 showed rapid and extensive indirubin release, with dissolution rates approximately 15-fold higher than pure MT-102. Furthermore, oral administration of SMEDDS-F1 effectively mitigated inflammatory progression and symptoms in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis, whereas pure MT-102 was ineffective. SMEDDS-F1 minimized body weight loss (less than 5%) without any significant change in colon length and the morphology of colonic tissues, compared to those of the healthy control group. In addition, oral administration of SMEDDS-F1 significantly inhibited the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α. In conclusion, the SMEDDS-F1 formulation employing Capmul MCM, Tween 80, and propylene glycol (15:42.5:42.5, w/w) enhances the solubility and therapeutic efficacy of MT-102.
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Anderson, Jeffrey A. "Heat Stability of Pepper Leaf Extracts." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 131, no. 1 (January 2006): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.131.1.17.
Full textAbstract:
Acute high-temperature stress affects plant protein structure, leading to denaturation and aggregation. Although folding states of individual proteins have been extensively studied, little information is available on protein thermostability in complex mixtures. The objective of this study was to systematically examine protein stabilizing and destabilizing factors in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) leaf extracts using light transmission measurements. Increasing turbidity and subsequent precipitation were monitored in heated extracts as changes in light scattering at 540 nm. Factors evaluated included leaf tissue concentration, buffer pH, compounds that can stabilize enzymatic activity (chelating agent, complexer of phenolics, and a compatible solute), and destabilizing agents (nonionic detergent and divalent cation). Leaf extract thermostability decreased with increasing tissue concentration from 6 to 60 g fresh weight per liter of buffer. Turbidity and precipitation occurred after exposure to higher temperatures as buffer pH increased from 6.0 to 7.0. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (chelating agent) and polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (complexer of alkaloids and phenolics) had relatively small effects on extract thermostability. Nonionic detergent (Tween 20) destabilized extract thermostability, especially when incorporated in the extraction buffer. Calcium reduced thermostability by about 2 °C when added as CaCl2 at 1 mm. Calcium caused an increase in turbidity that was not directly associated with protein complexes and was not affected by treatment temperature. Mannitol, a compatible solute, increased the temperature at which turbidity and precipitation were induced, but only at high (500 mm) concentrations. Agents that stabilize or destabilize proteins at high temperatures can be assayed in plant extracts by measuring turbidity changes at 540 nm. These findings can be applied to functional studies determining the basis for differences in thermotolerance between genotypes and between control and acclimated tissues.
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Archbold, Douglas D., and F. G. Dennis. "Strawberry Receptacle Growth and Endogenous IAA Content as Affected by Growth Regulator Application and Achene Removal." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 110, no. 6 (November 1985): 816–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.110.6.816.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Parthenocarpy was induced in emasculated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) flowers with aqueous solutions of 10−3M NAA, GA3 or GA4+7 in 2% DMSO plus 0.1% Tween 80. All fruit except those treated with NAA stopped growing within 12 days of treatment. Repeat application with NAA or GA4+7 20 days after initial treatment stimulated continued growth of NAA-induced fruit, but had little or no effect on growth of GA4+7-induced fruit. The diameters of mature parthenocarpic fruit ranged from 70% to 90% of that of pollinated fruit. Achene removal 12 days after pollination greatly reduced subsequent growth of receptacle tissue, complete removal being more effective than partial removal. Following achene removal 16 days after pollination, treatment with aqueous solutions of NAA in 2% DMSO and 0.1% Tween 80 produced receptacles 75% the size of controls with intact achenes, but neither GA3 nor GA4+7 stimulated growth. Achene removal 24 days after pollination did not influence further receptacle enlargement. Concentration of free indoleacetic acid (IAA) in NAA-treated fruit was 5-times that in controls and 3-times that in GA4+7-treated fruit 6 days after treatment. By 14 days after treatment, the levels had declined in all treated fruit. Free IAA concentration in the receptacle tissue of intact fruit was nearly equal to or greater than that in achenes 14 days after pollination. The growth rates of receptacles were positively correlated with numbers of intact achenes and free IAA content of the receptacle. Chemical names used: naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); gibberellins (GA3 or GA4+7); dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)
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Widawati, Tuti, Sri Agus Sudjarwo, and Herry Agoes Hermadi. "Protective Effect of Propolis Extract Against Lead Acetate Toxicity in Mice (Mus Musculus) Testes." KnE Life Sciences 3, no. 6 (December 3, 2017): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v3i6.1183.
Full textAbstract:
This study was aimed to investigate the protective effect of propolis extract from Apis mellifera that was obtained from Agro Tawon Rimba Raya Malang against the exposure of lead acetate 20 mg/kgBW orally. Twenty-five BALB/C mice were randomly devided into five groups. Negative control received only CMC-Na 1.5 % and Tween 80 0.5% also aquadest an hour after the first administration; Positive control group that administered CMC-Na 1.5 % and Tween 80 0.5% then continued received 20 mg/kgBW of lead acetate, Treatment group was received 200; 400 and 800 mg/kgBW of propolis first and then an hour after that received 20 mg/kgBW of lead acetate. The treatment was conducted for 7 days of adaptation and 35 days of treatment. At the end of the research all mice were sacrificed and testes were collected. Testes tissue were processed using Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. The result showed that an increase of spermatocyte, spermatid and sertoli cell compare to group that only received lead acetate, but thickness of seminiferous tubules epithelium showed slighly similar in all groups. Key words : propolis, lead, reactive oxygen species, free radical, testes
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Mosaad, Rehab M., Marwan A. Ibrahim, and Hend A. Sabry. "The Prophylactic Role of Chrysin against Clonazepam Induced Brain Toxicity in Male Albino Rats." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 45, no. 12 (May 29, 2024): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i124125.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The bioactive substance chyrus is found in bee propolis and all plants of the species Passiflora. It is well recognized to have neuroprotective properties and a wide range of pharmacological activity. Purpose: In this work, the consequence of Chrysin administration (50 mg/kg b.wt/day) on brain toxicity caused by Clonazepam (CZP, 2mg/kg b.wt/day) were investigated by measuring NaK ATPase, neuronal oxidative stress, neuro- inflammation, and DNA fragmentation. Study Design: In our investigation, we used male albino rats 4 weeks old and weighing 60 ± 5 g. There were four groups of ten rats apiece: Group 1: the control group which treated a vehicle with 1% w/v Tween 80. Group 2: given 1% w/v Tween 80-suspended Clonazepam (CZP) at a dose of 2 mg/kg b.wt./day. In Group 3: Chrysin suspended in 1% w/v Tween 80 was given at a rate of 50 mg/kg b.wt/day. Group 4: Clonazepam (CZP) and Chrysin were given at the same prior dosages as before (2 mg/kg b.wt/day for Clonazepam (CZP) and 50 mg/kg b.wt/day for Chrysin). Methods: Malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, DNA fragmentation, sodium oxide dismutase, catalase, and Na-K ATPase contents were estimated. Results: According to the biochemical analysis, after the Clonazepam therapy, the brain's contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and DNA fragmentation increased, while those of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and NaK ATPase activities declined. Conversely, the biochemical screening of animal brain tissue administered with CZP+ Chyrsin revealed an improvement in the brain tissue's ability to withstand the damage caused by CZP.
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El-Zaafarany, Ghada, Mahmoud Soliman, Samar Mansour, Marco Cespi, Giovanni Palmieri, Lisbeth Illum, Luca Casettari, and Gehanne Awad. "A Tailored Thermosensitive PLGA-PEG-PLGA/Emulsomes Composite for Enhanced Oxcarbazepine Brain Delivery via the Nasal Route." Pharmaceutics 10, no. 4 (November 5, 2018): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10040217.
Full textAbstract:
The use of nanocarrier delivery systems for direct nose to brain drug delivery shows promise for achieving increased brain drug levels as compared to simple solution systems. An example of such nanocarriers is emulsomes formed from lipid cores surrounded and stabilised by a corona of phospholipids (PC) and a coating of Tween 80, which combines the properties of both liposomes and emulsions. Oxcarbazepine (OX), an antiepileptic drug, was entrapped in emulsomes and then localized in a poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA-PEG-PLGA) triblock copolymer thermogel. The incorporation of OX emulsomes in thermogels retarded drug release and increased its residence time (MRT) in rats. The OX-emulsome and the OX-emulsome-thermogel formulations showed in vitro sustained drug release of 81.1 and 53.5%, respectively, over a period of 24 h. The pharmacokinetic studies in rats showed transport of OX to the systemic circulation after nasal administration with a higher uptake in the brain tissue in case of OX-emulsomes and highest MRT for OX-emulsomal-thermogels as compared to the IN OX-emulsomes, OX-solution and Trileptal® suspension. Histopathological examination of nasal tissues showed a mild vascular congestion and moderate inflammatory changes around congested vessels compared to saline control, but lower toxic effect than that reported in case of the drug solution.
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Surya, Muhammad Imam, and Lily Ismaini. "Perbandingan Metode Sterilisasi Untuk Perbanyakan Rubus rosifolius Secara in Vitro." Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi 14, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v14i1.16325.
Full textAbstract:
AbstrakRubus rosifolius adalah salah satu jenis rasberi liar yang memiliki potensi cukup tinggi untuk dikembangkan sebagai tanaman buah. Selain itu, metode perbanyakan tanaman merupakan salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh dalam pembudidayaan. Lebih lanjut, informasi terkait upaya perbanyakan R. rosifolius secara in vitro masih sangat terbatas. Percobaan ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui metode sterilisasi yang tepat pada eksplan R. rosifolius. Sebanyak 17 metode sterilisasi telah diujicobakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan BKT Kebun Raya Cibodas-LIPI. Bahan sterilisasi yang digunakan, yaitu detergen, tween 80, bakterisida, fungisida, clorox/pemutih (NaClO), alkohol 70%, larutan Plant Preservative Mixture (PPM), vitamin C/asam askorbat, dan povidone iodine/antiseptik. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa metode sembilan merupakan metode sterilisasi yang cukup optimum untuk sterilisasi eksplan R. rosifolius. Metode sembilan mampu menghambat munculnya mikroorganisme endofitik hingga 8 hari dan tidak menyebabkan warna eksplan menjadi cokelat/browning. Tahapan sterilisasi pada metode sembilan meliputi pencucian dengan detergen, perendaman dengan bakterisida + fungisida selama +30 menit, perendaman dengan clorox 10% + tween 80 selama +15 menit, pencucian dengan larutan PPM selama +15 menit. AbstractRubus rosifolius is one of the species from wild raspberries, which is has high potential to develop as a fruit crops. In the other hand, the technique of plant propagation became an important factor for cultivation. Moreover, the information related to the in vitro propagation of R. rosifolius is very limited. This experiment was aimed to determine the best method to sterilize an explants of R. rosifolius. About 17 methods of sterilization have been tried in the laboratorium of tissue culture at Cibodas Botanical Garden-Indonesian Institute of Sciences. The combination of detergent, tween 80, bactericide, fungicide, sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), alcohol 70%, plant preservative mixture (PPM), ascorbic acid, and povidone iodine were used during the experiment. The results show that the method of sterilization number nine could be inhibit the emergence of endophytic organisms for eight days and keep an explant in green with a little brownish compared by the others methods. The method of sterilization number nine was consist of several steps i.e. wash by detergent, soak in bactericide + fungicide for +30 minutes, soak in sodium hypoclorite 10% + tween 80 for +15 minutes, wash by PPM solution for +15 minutes.
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Al-Qurtas, Mohammed A. M. "Immunohistochemical Targeting of p110β Isoform of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase co-associated with Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1 in a Group of Tissues from Iraqi Patients with Breast Cancer." AL-Kindy College Medical Journal 13, no. 2 (April 18, 2019): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v13i2.109.
Full textAbstract:
Background: While two-thirds of breast cancers express hormone receptors for either estrogen (ER) and/or progesterone (PR) , genetically altered PI3K pathway was found in more than 70% of ER-positive breast cancers.An aberrant activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) in a wide variety of human cancers has selectively constituted an attractive pharmacological targets in MYC-dependent human breast cancer cells.
Aim of the study: Role of p110-beta as well as and CDK 1 in the pathogenesis of subset of breast cancers and contribution in their carcinogenesis.
Type of the study: is a retrospective study
Methods: This retrospective research enrolled 70 paraffin embedded breast tissue blocks which were retrieved from archives of the period 2011 till 2017 at major hospitals and private histopathological laboratories as well as Forensic Medicine Institute in Baghdad. They comprised 30 breast cancers, 25 benign breast tumors and 15 apparently normal breast autopsies. Two 4 mm - thick sections were specified on positively charged slides for monoclonal primary p110 as well as and CDK 2 antibodies using immune-enzymatic antigen detection system for immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques.
Results: Seventeen out of 30 (56.7%) of the total breast cancer cases in this study showed positive immunohistochemistry reaction(IHC) for detection of P110- beta gene expression in these tissues. In the benign group, 6 out of 25 cases (24%) revealed positive IHC signals. None of control group presented positive signals. The differences begroup tween the percentages of P110-beta in breast cancers and each of control group and benign breast tumors group are statistically very highly significant (P value = < 0.0001). The expression of CDK1 was detected in 53.3% (16 out of 30) of breast cancers tissues and in 44% (11 out of 25) benign breast tumors, whereas none of control group of tissues showed CDK1- expression.
Conclusions: The present data indicate that p110-beta as well as and CDK 1 could have a role in the pathogenesis of subset of breast cancers and contribution in their carcinogenesis.
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SHARPE, A. N., C. ISIGIDI BIN KINGOMBE, P. WATNEY, L. J. PARRINGTON, I. DUDAS, and M. P. DIOTTE. "Efficient Nondestructive Sampler for Carcasses and Other Surfaces." Journal of Food Protection 59, no. 7 (July 1, 1996): 757–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-59.7.757.
Full textAbstract:
Two versions of an electrically powered device (Rotorinser) to sample carcasses or other surfaces in situ for microbiological analysis and several different sampling protocols were evaluated against excision plus stomaching for ability to remove bacteria from pig skin and beef carcass tissue. Both devices sampled circular areas of approximately 14 cm2. Ten tissue samples were used for each set of conditions. Rotorinser bacterial removal efficiency was calculated as R/(R + S), where R is the Rotorinser count (CFU cm−2) and S is the count on stomached excised tissue after rotorinsing. Stomacher efficiencies were calculated as S1/(S1 + S2), where S1 is the first stomacher count of excised tissue and S2 is the count from a second stomaching. Both Rotorinsers were much better than traditional swabs. Rotorinser 1 gave removal efficiencies of 0.79 to 0.88 for beef, and 0.79 to 0.95 for pork. Prewetting surfaces for 5 min improved removal, but mixtures of enzymes did not. Rotorinser 2 applied with NaCl or NaCl-Tween 80 diluent for either 30 or 60 s was significantly better (0.93 and 0.98) than the stomacher (0.86) at removing aerobic mesophilic bacteria from pork skin. The Rotorinser causes negligible tissue damage and can be used on surfaces at any angle.
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Ediyilyam, Sreelekha, Mahesh M. Lalitha, Bini George, Sarojini Sharath Shankar, Stanisław Wacławek, Miroslav Černík, and Vinod Vellora Thekkae Padil. "Synthesis, Characterization and Physicochemical Properties of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticle-Encapsulated Chitosan Bionanocomposites." Polymers 14, no. 3 (January 24, 2022): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14030463.
Full textAbstract:
Green bionanocomposites have garnered considerable attention and applications in the pharmaceutical and packaging industries because of their intrinsic features, such as biocompatibility and biodegradability. The work presents a novel approach towards the combined effect of glycerol, tween 80 and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the physicochemical properties of lyophilized chitosan (CH) scaffolds produced via a green synthesis method.The produced bionanocomposites were characterized with the help of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The swelling behavior, water vapor transmission rate, moisture retention capability, degradation in Hanks solution, biodegradability in soil, mechanical strength and electrochemical performance of the composites were evaluated. The addition of additives to the CH matrix alters the physicochemical and biological functioning of the matrix. Plasticized scaffolds showed an increase in swelling degree, water vapor transmission rate and degradability in Hank’s balanced solution compared to the blank chitosan scaffolds. The addition of tween 80 made the scaffolds more porous, and changes in physicochemical properties were observed. Green-synthesized AgNPs showed intensified antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Incorporating biogenic nanoparticles into the CH matrix enhances the polymer composites’ biochemical properties and increases the demand in the medical and biological sectors. These freeze-dried chitosan-AgNPs composite scaffolds had tremendous applications, especially in biomedical fields like wound dressing, tissue engineering, bone regeneration, etc.
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Trakoolthong, Patarapan, Naphatsorn Ditthawuttikul, Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi, Sasithorn Sirilun, Wandee Rungseevijitprapa, Sartjin Peerajan, and Chaiyavat Chaiyasut. "Antioxidant and 5α-Reductase Inhibitory Activity of Momordica charantia Extract, and Development and Characterization of Microemulsion." Applied Sciences 12, no. 9 (April 27, 2022): 4410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12094410.
Full textAbstract:
Momordica charantia (M. charantia) is rich in flavonoids, which possess a strong antioxidant capacity and may help prevent hair loss. This study aims to develop the microemulsion of M. charantia with antioxidant activity and 5α-reductase (5aR) inhibitory activity. The total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity, and 5aR inhibitory activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the fruit were investigated. The preparation of M. charantia extract-loaded microemulsion (MELM) was optimized and characterized the MELM. The aqueous extract of M. charantia fruit flesh displayed a TPC of 780.75 ± 24.82 mg Gallic acid equivalence/g of extract. ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activities were observed in all the extracts. About 0.461 ± 0.003 mg finasteride equivalence/g of extract of 5aR inhibitory activity was detected in the aqueous extract of the inner tissue of M. charantia fruit. Based on NO radical scavenging and 5aR inhibitory activity, an aqueous extract of the inner tissue (pericarp with seed) of M. charantia fruit was used to prepare the MELM. The MELM was prepared using a different ratio of tween 80 and ethanol as Smix. The results showed that the 1:1 ratio of tween 80: ethanol produced microemulsion of an optimum size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index. The MELM samples were stored at 5, 30, and 40 °C for 12 weeks, and the stability was assessed. The results revealed that the size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index of the formulated MELM remained unchanged during the investigated time. This study primarily reports the 5aR inhibitory activity of M. charantia extract and the development of microemulsion. The prepared MELM could be further developed into cosmetic or pharmacological preparations to manage hair loss.