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Lockhart, Benham E., Axelina S. Swenson, Neil E. Olszewski, and Peter Voth. "Characterization of a Strain of Turnip vein-clearing virus Causing Red Ringspot of Penstemon." Plant Disease 92, no. 5 (May 2008): 725–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-5-0725.
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A disease of penstemon (Penstemon digitalis) occurring in commercial nurseries in Minnesota in 2004 to 2006 and characterized by red foliar ringspots, leaf deformation, and plant stunting was found to be caused by a strain of Turnip vein-clearing virus (TVCV) that was named Penstemon ringspot virus (PenRSV). This is the first report of a viral disease of penstemon. The genome organization of PenRSV was similar to that of the crucifer-infecting tobamoviruses. The nucleotide sequence of PenRSV was almost identical (99%) to that of TVCV, but the two viruses differed importantly in host range and symptoms induced. The only sequence difference between PenRSV and TVCV occurred at the 3′ end of open reading frame I, where the amino acid sequence FRDSNL in TVCV is replaced by FRGQQL in PenRSV. The experimental host range of PenRSV included species in the families Brassicaceae (Cruciferae), Cactaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Leguminosae, Malvaceae, and Solanaceae. This virus poses a potential threat to commercial nursery and bedding plant production because of its wide host range and because it will escape detection by immunoenzymatic screening procedures for tobamoviruses based on use of antibodies to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).
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Wong, Chui Eng, Rachael A. J. Carson, and John P. Carr. "Chemically Induced Virus Resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana Is Independent of Pathogenesis-Related Protein Expression and the NPR1 Gene." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 15, no. 1 (January 2002): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2002.15.1.75.
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Salicylic acid (SA) treatment triggers inhibition of replication or movement of several positive-sense RNA plant viruses in tobacco. This resistance can also be stimulated by nonlethal concentrations of cyanide and antimycin A (AA) without triggering induction of pathogenesis-related PR-1 protein genes. In two ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana (Columbia and Nössen), SA-induced resistance to a tobamovirus, Turnip vein clearing virus (TVCV), was also induced by nonlethal concentrations of cyanide and AA without concomitant induction of PR-1 gene expression. Furthermore, chemically induced resistance to TVCV, as well as the induction of the plant mitochondrial alternative oxidase (a potential target for the chemicals), was independent of NPR1, a gene that plays a key role downstream of SA in the induction of PR proteins. The chemically induced resistance to TVCV appeared to be due to inhibition of replication at the site of inoculation. Taken together, these results show that in Arabidopsis, as in tobacco, resistance to viruses can be induced via a distinct branch of the defensive signal transduction pathway. This suggests that the existence of this virus-specific branch may be widespread among plants.
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Lockhart, Ben, Dimitre Mollov, Shauna Mason, and Sara Bratsch. "First Report of Turnip vein-clearing virus in Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata) in the United States." Plant Health Progress 15, no. 4 (January 2014): 157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-br-14-0029.
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The objective of the study was to establish the identity of a tobamo-like virus occurring naturally in garlic mustard in Minnesota, and to determine its role in the etiology of the disease. This is the first report of TVCV infection in garlic mustard. Accepted 18 September 2014. Published 14 October 2014.
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Cuellar, Wilmer J., Joao De Souza, Israel Barrantes, Segundo Fuentes, and Jan F. Kreuze. "Distinct cavemoviruses interact synergistically with sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (genus Crinivirus) in cultivated sweet potato." Journal of General Virology 92, no. 5 (May 1, 2011): 1233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.029975-0.
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Two serologically unrelated sweet potato viruses causing symptoms of vein clearing in the indicator plant Ipomoea setosa were isolated and their genomes have been sequenced. They are associated with symptomless infections in sweet potato but distinct vein-clearing symptoms and higher virus titres were observed when these viruses co-infected with sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV), a virus that is distributed worldwide and is a mediator of severe virus diseases in this crop. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis revealed an overall nucleotide identity of 47.6 % and an arrangement of the movement protein and coat protein domains characteristic of members of the genus Cavemovirus, in the family Caulimoviridae. We detected both cavemoviruses in cultivated sweet potato from East Africa, Central America and the Caribbean islands, but not in samples from South America. One of the viruses characterized showed a similar genome organization as, and formed a phylogenetic sublineage with, tobacco vein clearing virus (TVCV), giving further support to the previously suggested separation of TVCV, and related viral sequences, into a new caulimovirid genus. Given their geographical distribution and previous reports of similar but yet unidentified viruses, sweet potato cavemoviruses may co-occur with SPCSV more often than previously thought and they could therefore contribute to the extensive yield losses and cultivar decline caused by mixed viral infections in sweet potato.
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Cardin, L., B. Delecolle, and B. Moury. "First Report of Cucumber mosaic virus and Turnip vein-clearing virus in Dichondra repens in France, Italy, and China." Plant Disease 93, no. 2 (February 2009): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-2-0201b.
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During surveys of Dichondra repens (kidneyweed, family Convolvulaceae) turfs in public gardens of the Franco-Italian Riviera from 1993 to 2003, leaf mosaic and yellow ringspot symptoms have been observed in Antibes, Menton, Nice, and Vallauris (France) and San Remo and La Mortola (Italy). Isolates from these six locations and from two locations in China (Shanghai and Kunming) have revealed the presence of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) based on the behavior of a range of manually inoculated plants (1), the observation of 30 nm isometric particles in semipurified extracts of inoculated Nicotiana tabacum ‘Xanthi’ plants with the electron microscope, and positive reactions in double antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISAs with specific polyclonal antibodies. All isolates were shown to belong to group II of CMV isolates (3) by double-immunodiffusion analysis. CMV was previously identified in D. repens in California in 1972 (4). Following isolation from local lesions on Vigna unguiculata and multiplication in ‘Xanthi’ tobacco plants, two of the isolates were used to inoculate seedlings of D. repens manually or by Aphis gossypii aphids. Two months later, all inoculated plants showed symptoms similar to those previously observed and were positive in DAS-ELISA. In 2000, a D. repens sample collected in Antibes showing similar symptoms as above, induced necrotic local lesions in inoculated ‘Xanthi’ plants in 48 h, followed by systemic mosaic symptoms typical of CMV, therefore revealing the presence of a second virus. That virus was separated from CMV in apical, noninoculated leaves of Chenopodium quinoa and then used to inoculate a range of test plants. It was infectious in most plants of the families Solanaceae (including Cyphomandra betacea) and Brassicaceae, together with in Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, Claytonia perfoliata, Convolvulus spp. ‘Belle de jour’, Digitalis purpurea, Gomphrena globosa, Ocimum basilicum, Plantago lanceolata, and Valerianella olitoria. It induced asymptomatic systemic infections in D. repens. Numerous, rod-shaped, 300 nm long particles were observed in sap extracts of infected plants with the electron microscope, suggesting the presence of a tobamovirus. A set of primers polyvalent for tobamoviruses (2) allowed the amplification of a DNA product of approximately 800 bp through reverse transcription-PCR performed with total RNA extracts from inoculated ‘Xanthi’ plants. The DNA product was cloned and sequenced (GenBank Accession No. EU927306) revealing that the virus belonged to a tobamovirus lineage including Ribgrass mosaic virus and viruses infecting cruciferous plants (Turnip vein-clearing virus [TVCV] and Youcai mosaic virus) and was closest to TVCV (95% amino acid identity; GenBank Accession No. NC_001873). To our knowledge, this is the first report of TVCV in D. repens. References: (1) L. Cardin et al. Plant Dis. 87:200, 2003. (2) A. Gibbs et al. J. Virol. Methods 74:67, 1998. (3) M. J. Roossinck. J. Virol. 76:3382, 2002. (4) L. G. Weathers and D. J. Gumpf. Plant Dis. Rep. 56:27, 1972.
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Gyula, Péter, Tamás Tóth, Teréz Gorcsa, Tünde Nyikó, Anita Sós-Hegedűs, and György Szittya. "Ecotype-specific blockage of tasiARF production by two different RNA viruses in Arabidopsis." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (October 5, 2022): e0275588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275588.
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Arabidopsis thaliana is one of the most studied model organisms of plant biology with hundreds of geographical variants called ecotypes. One might expect that this enormous genetic variety could result in differential response to pathogens. Indeed, we observed previously that the Bur ecotype develops much more severe symptoms (upward curling leaves and wavy leaf margins) upon infection with two positive-strand RNA viruses of different families (turnip vein-clearing virus, TVCV, and turnip mosaic virus, TuMV). To find the genes potentially responsible for the ecotype-specific response, we performed a differential expression analysis of the mRNA and sRNA pools of TVCV and TuMV-infected Bur and Col plants along with the corresponding mock controls. We focused on the genes and sRNAs that showed an induced or reduced expression selectively in the Bur virus samples in both virus series. We found that the two ecotypes respond to the viral infection differently, yet both viruses selectively block the production of the TAS3-derived small RNA specimen called tasiARF only in the virus-infected Bur plants. The tasiARF normally forms a gradient through the adaxial and abaxial parts of the leaf (being more abundant in the adaxial part) and post-transcriptionally regulates ARF4, a major leaf polarity determinant in plants. The lack of tasiARF-mediated silencing could lead to an ectopically expressed ARF4 in the adaxial part of the leaf where the misregulation of auxin-dependent signaling would result in an irregular growth of the leaf blade manifesting as upward curling leaf and wavy leaf margin. QTL mapping using Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) suggests that the observed symptoms are the result of a multigenic interaction that allows the symptoms to develop only in the Bur ecotype. The particular nature of genetic differences leading to the ecotype-specific symptoms remains obscure and needs further study.
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Lartey, Robert T., Soumitra Ghoshroy, and Vitaly Citovsky. "Identification of an Arabidopsis thaliana Mutation (vsm1) That Restricts Systemic Movement of Tobamoviruses." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 11, no. 7 (July 1998): 706–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1998.11.7.706.
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Following inoculation, many plant viruses spread locally from cell to cell until they reach the vascular system, through which they then move to other parts of the plant, resulting in systemic infection. To isolate host genes involved in systemic transport of plant viruses, ethyl methanesulfonate-mutagenized Arabidopsis thaliana plants were screened for significant delays in the systemic movement of turnip vein clearing virus (TCVC). One such mutant, designated vsm1 (virus systemic movement), was identified. Unlike the wild-type plants, vsm1 did not develop viral disease and did not allow the systemic spread of the virus. The local viral movement within the inoculated vsm1 leaves, however, was not affected. TVCV systemic movement within the vsm1 plants was likely blocked at the step of viral entry into the host plant vasculature from the infected leaf tissue. vsm1 plants also restricted the systemic movement of another tobamovirus but not of an unrelated carmovirus.
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Kim, Michelle, Madhava Aryal, Benjamin Rosen, Hemant Parmar, Daekeun You, Larry Junck, Denise Leung, et al. "NEIM-08 A PHASE II STUDY OF MULTIPARAMETRIC MR-GUIDED HIGH DOSE ADAPTIVE RADIOTHERAPY WITH CONCURRENT TEMOZOLOMIDE IN PATIENTS WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED GLIOBLASTOMA." Neuro-Oncology Advances 4, Supplement_1 (August 1, 2022): i19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/noajnl/vdac078.075.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Biologically-informed radiotherapy (RT) targeting an adversely prognostic hypercellular/hyperperfused imaging phenotype in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) may improve outcomes by identifying emerging regions of treatment resistance associated with survival (OS), and is under investigation as a target for individualized, adaptive RT in an ongoing Phase II trial (NCT04574856). METHODS In this single-arm study, patients with newly diagnosed GBM following resection undergo dose-intensified chemoRT targeting the residual hypercellular (TVHCV, mean contralateral normal brain+2SD) and hyperperfused tumor volume (TVCBV, contralateral normal frontal grey matter+1SD) identified using high b-value diffusion-weighted and dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion MRI. TVHCV/TVCBV is treated to 50 Gy in 20 fractions (2.5 Gy/fraction), and following mid-RT reassessment, the persistent and developing TVHCV/TVCBV is treated to 30 Gy in 10 fractions (3 Gy/fraction). The primary endpoint is improvement in OS, with planned interim safety analysis. RESULTS Since October 2020, 16 of 30 patients have been enrolled. Median age was 58 years (range, 29-75) and 69% were male. No patient underwent biopsy, and 50% had gross total resection; 23% had MGMT methylated tumors, and all except 2 were IDHwt. Median TVHCV/TVCBV was 6.9 cc (range, 1.9-42.8) pre-RT and 30% (range, 1-72%) was nonenhancing. By mid-RT, TVHCV/TVCBV was reduced to 4.2 cc (range, 0.8-34.3) and 47% (range, 3-74%) was nonenhancing. The TVHCV/TVCBV persisting from pre- to mid-RT was 2.3 cc (range, 0-24.2), with an additional 1.8 cc (range, 0.3-20.6) newly developing outside of the initial region. All patients underwent adaptive replanning for boost without interruption. Planned interim analysis determined an acceptable rate of neurologic toxicity and safety to continue enrollment. CONCLUSION Individualized, adaptive radiotherapy using an advanced imaging biomarker to assess emerging and especially non-enhancing regions of treatment resistance in patients with GBM is feasible, with short term safety in an early cohort and longer-term efficacy outcomes anticipated with ongoing accrual.
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Kim, Michelle M., Madhava P. Aryal, Yilun Sun, Hemant A. Parmar, Pin Li, Matthew Schipper, Daniel R. Wahl, Theodore S. Lawrence, and Yue Cao. "Response assessment during chemoradiation using a hypercellular/hyperperfused imaging phenotype predicts survival in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma." Neuro-Oncology 23, no. 9 (February 18, 2021): 1537–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab038.
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Abstract Background Adversely prognostic hypercellular and hyperperfused regions of glioblastoma (GBM) predict progression-free survival, and are a novel target for dose-intensified chemoradiation (chemoRT) recently implemented in a phase II clinical trial. As a secondary aim, we hypothesized that dose-intensified chemoRT would induce greater mid-treatment response of hypercellular/hyperperfused tumor regions vs standard chemoradiation, and that early response would improve overall survival (OS). Methods Forty-nine patients with newly diagnosed GBM underwent prospective, multiparametric high b value diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) and perfusion dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) pre-RT and 3-4 weeks into RT. The hypercellular tumor volume (TVHCV, mean contralateral normal brain + 2SD) and hyperperfused tumor volume (TVCBV, contralateral normal frontal gray matter + 1SD) were generated using automated thresholding. Twenty-six patients were enrolled on a dose-escalation trial targeting TVHCV/TVCBV with 75 Gy in 30 fractions, and 23 non-trial patients comprised the control group. OS was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. The effect of TVHCV/TVCBV and Gd-enhanced tumor volume on OS was assessed using multivariable Cox proportional-hazard regression. Results Most patients had gross total (47%) or subtotal resection (37%), 25% were MGMT-methylated. Patients treated on the dose-escalation trial had significantly greater reduction in TVHCV/TVCBV (41% reduction, IQR 17%-75%) vs non-trial patients (6% reduction, IQR 6%-22%, P = .002). An increase in TVHCV/TVCBV during chemoRT was associated with worse OS (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.2, 95%CI 1.0-1.4, P = .02), while pre-treatment tumor volumes (P > .5) and changes in Gd-enhanced volume (P = .9) were not. Conclusions Multiparametric MRI permits identification of therapeutic resistance during chemoRT and supports adaptive strategies in future trials.
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Surya Narayanan, Subramanian, and Parammasivam K.M. "A review of computational studies on trapped vortex combustors for gas turbine applications." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 95, no. 4 (October 20, 2022): 658–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-12-2021-0366.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively evaluate the progress in the development of trapped vortex combustors (TVCs) in the past three decades. The review aims to identify the needs, predict the scope and discuss the challenges of numerical simulations in TVCs applied to gas turbines. Design/methodology/approach TVC is an emerging combustion technology for achieving low emissions in gas turbine combustors. The overall operation of such TVCs can be on very lean mixture ratio and hence it helps in achieving high combustion efficiency and low overall emission levels. This review introduces the TVC concept and the evolution of this technology in the past three decades. Various geometries that were explored in TVC research are listed and their operating principles are explained. The review then categorically arranges the progress in computational studies applied to TVCs. Findings Analyzing extensive literature on TVCs the review discusses results of numerical simulations of various TVC geometries. Numerical simulations that were used to optimize TVC geometry and to enhance mixing are discussed. Reactive flow studies to comprehend flame stability and emission characteristics are then listed for different TVC geometries. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this review is the first of its kind to discuss extensively the computational progress in TVC development specific to gas turbine engines. Earlier review on TVC covers a wide variety of applications including land-based gas turbines, supersonic Ramjets, incinerators and hence compromise on the depth of analysis given to gas turbine engine applications. This review also comprehensively group the numerical studies based on geometry, flow and operating conditions.
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Hall, Tony J., Annette Jeanes, Leslie W. McKain, Michael J. Jepson, Pietro G. Coen, Stephen S. Hickok, and Vanya A. Gant. "A UK district general hospital cleaning study: a comparison of the performance of ultramicrofibre technology with or without addition of a novel copper-based biocide with standard hypochlorite-based cleaning." Journal of Infection Prevention 12, no. 6 (August 1, 2011): 232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757177411411509.
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We compared the performance of an ultramicrofibre (UMF)-based system with or without a novel copper-based biocide (CuWB50) with standard cleaning using Actichlor Plus in four hospital wards in a crossover study design, and analysed our results using univariate and multivariate statistics. We measured total viable counts (TVCs) and ATP levels in 10 near-patient sites three times weekly, one hour before and after cleaning. Standard cleaning reduced TVCs further than UMF cleaning with water, but UMF cleaning with CuWB50 produced equivalent TVC reduction. Furthermore we identified a ‘residual effect’ with UMF + CuWB50, conferring TVC suppression for up to a week after application. ATP results did not correlate with TVCs. We conclude that UMF-based cleaning with CuWB50 results in TVC reductions equivalent to hypochlorite-based standard cleaning, with the added advantages of a residual effect that keeps TVCs lower between cleaning rounds.
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Chandra, Shania Permata, and Setefanus Suprajitno. "Multimodal Analysis of Man/Husband and Woman/Wife Representations in Two Indonesian Seasoning Television Commercials." K@ta Kita 10, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/katakita.10.1.96-104.
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Television occupies widespread popularity and is the best and most effective medium for commercials. With the rapid business growth, television commercial (TVC) has been more and more creatively made. TVC producers usually use semiotic resources to represent a certain character. Through this study, we aim to discover the way the man/husband and woman/wife characters are represented in Royco’s The Best Gift is Homemade TVC and Kecap ABC’s Kecap ABC Bantu Suami Sejati Hargai Istri TVC using visual, gestural, and linguistic modes, and whether the representations challenge or support the traditional roles of man/husband and woman/wife and the reason using traditional gender role theory. Our findings show that, in both TVCs, the man/husband and woman/wife are represented modern roles of man/husband and woman/wife. By doing so, the TVCs persuade the target audience, regardless of their roles as man/husband or woman/wife, to cook with Royco and Kecap ABC.Keywords: Multimodality, Representations, Television Commercial (TVC)
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Malakootikhah, Mohammad, Mehrab Valizadehderakhshan, Abolghasem Shahbazi, and Arjomand Mehrabani-Zeinabad. "Developing a New Algorithm to Design Thermo-Vapor Compressors Using Dimensionless Parameters: A CFD Approach." Processes 10, no. 3 (March 19, 2022): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10030601.
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This paper aims to propose a new algorithm for designing thermal vapor compressors (TVCs) using given operation parameters. First, an axisymmetric model was used to simulate a TVC, and the results were compared with those from published experimental results. A simulation set was designed to analyze the TVC dimensions, and then statistically-significant parameters (p-value < 0.05) were chosen for the subsequent studies. Thereafter, three parametric lengths were defined and a model presenting entrainment ratio (ER) was developed using a set of simulation results. The obtained characteristic equation allows us to scale (up or down) the TVC to different capacities, calculate the real-time sizes or predict the performance. It was found that the critical “TVC/primary nozzle” throat diameter ratio is constant in every scale-up study, depending on operation conditions. By establishing a characteristic graph, the approach was expanded for a broader algorithm. The comparative results revealed that this approach is able to predict the ER for every scaling study with an error of less than 2.8%. This approach can be used to devise TVCs ejectors using any given ER and capacity within the ranges of possible usage.
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Smyth, Conor, Nigel Brunton, Colin Fogarty, and Declan Bolton. "The Effect of Organic Acid, Trisodium Phosphate and Essential Oil Component Immersion Treatments on the Microbiology of Cod (Gadus morhua) during Chilled Storage." Foods 7, no. 12 (December 8, 2018): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods7120200.
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Spoilage is a major issue for the seafood sector with the sale and exportation of fish limited by their short shelf-life. The immediate and storage effects of immersion (30 s at 20 °C) with 5% (w/v) citric acid (CA), 5% (v/v) lactic acid (LA), 5% (w/v) capric acid (CP) and 12% trisodium phosphate (TSP) (experiment 1) and essential oil components (EOC) (1% (v/v) citral (CIT), 1% (v/v) carvacrol (CAR), 1% (w/v) thymol (THY) and 1% (v/v) eugenol (EUG)) (experiment 2) on the concentrations of indicator (total viable counts (TVC) (mesophilic and psychrophilic) and total Enterobacteriaceae counts (TEC)), and spoilage organisms (Pseudomonas spp., lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Brochothrix thermosphacta, Photobacterium spp. and hydrogen sulphide producing bacteria (HSPB)) on cod (Gadus morhua) (stored aerobically at 2 °C) was investigated. There was no significant reduction for most treatment-bacteria combinations, with the following exceptions; TSP and TVCm (time t = 6), TSP and TVCp (t = 6), CP and LAB (t = 6, 8 and 10), CP and Br. thermosphacta (t = 4, 6, 8, 10, 14 and 16), TSP and Photobacterium spp. (t = 4), CAR and Br. thermosphacta (t = 6) and CAR and HSPB (t = 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18). Although the majority of treatments did not significantly (P > 0.05) reduce bacterial counts, the limited success with CP and CAR warrants further investigation.
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MARTÍNEZ, BERNARDO, M. FELICIDAD CELDA, BEGOÑA ANASTASIO, INÉS GARCÍA, and M. CARMEN LÓPEZ-MENDOZA. "Microbiological Sampling of Carcasses by Excision or Swabbing with Three Types of Sponge or Gauze." Journal of Food Protection 73, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-73.1.81.
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Fifty-five bovine, 50 equine, 60 ovine, and 50 porcine carcasses were sampled in a slaughterhouse in eastern Spain. Two samples were taken from each carcass, one using the excision method and the other using the swabbing method. Four different materials were used for swabbing: cellulose, polyurethane, or viscose sponges, and medical gauze. Samples were collected at the end of the process by four different people before the carcasses were taken to the cooler. The samples were examined for total viable bacteria counts (TVCs) and Enterobacteriaceae counts (ECs). The mean TVC for all species sampled by excision was 4.50 log CFU/cm2, which was significantly higher than the 3.53 log CFU/cm2 obtained by swabbing. The TVCs obtained using gauze and the cellulose and polyurethane sponges were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the corresponding TVCs obtained using viscose sponges. Animal species, the person who collected the samples, and microbiological load also had a significant effect on TVC. ECs were obtained from 82.8% of excision samples, from larger percentages of samples obtained using cellulose or polyurethane sponges or gauze swabs, but from smaller percentages of samples obtained using viscose sponges. The Enterobacteriaceae load significantly influenced the EC. In contrast, animal species and the person who collected the samples had no significant effect. The cellulose sponge, polyurethane sponge, and gauze gave high mean log counts of aerobic bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae, which makes these swab types suitable for use in slaughterhouses for the purpose of assessing production process hygiene.
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Alčaković, Slavko, Ana Orlić, and Veljko Đurić. "EMOTIONAL CONTEXT AND EFFECTIVENESS OF TV ADVERTISING." Primenjena psihologija 11, no. 2 (June 25, 2018): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.19090/pp.2018.2.155-170.
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This study examined the impact of emotional context on effectiveness of TV commercials (TVCs). In two experiments, participants were exposed to either emotionally positive or emotionally negative stimuli before watching a TVC. The effectiveness of the TVC was measured by 4 indicators: Ad recall, attitude toward the ad (Aad), attitude toward the brand (Ab), and purchase intent (PI). Results of Experiment 1 revealed that participants who were pre-exposed to a positive emotional context had a more positive Aad, Ab and a higher PI, when compared to those who were pre-exposed to a negative emotional context. Experiment 2 demonstrated that pre-exposure to the positive emotional context was associated with more positive Ab and a higher PI, while preexposure to the negative emotional context led to more negative Aad. In both experiments there was no indication of the influence of the emotional context on Ad recall. However, data from Experiment 2 suggested that both positive and negative emotional contexts positively affected ad recognition, when compared to an emotionally neutral situation. In conclusion, our findings advocate the importance of emotional context in which TVCs are broadcasted to the general public, a fact that has been vastly neglected so far by media planners.
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Diep, Jason, Angela Makris, Imelda De Guzman, Jeffery Wong, Ananthakrishnapuram Aravindan, Hareeshan Nandakoban, and Govind Narayanan. "Impact of Previous Tunneled Vascular Catheters and their Location on Upper Limb Arteriovenous Fistula Function." Kidney360 2, no. 12 (October 7, 2021): 1953–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.34067/kid.0003362021.
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BackgroundLong-term arteriovenous fistula (AVF) survival has been shown to be adversely affected by the presence of previous tunneled vascular catheters (TVC). We analyzed the effect of previous TVCs and their location (ipsilateral versus contralateral) on the successful function of upper-limb AVFs in the first 12 months after creation.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed clinical data on patients’ first upper-limb AVFs, created between January 2013 and December 2017. We analyzed the rates of successful AVF function (successful cannulation using two needles for ≥50% sessions over a 2-week period) at 6 and 12 months after creation, time to AVF maturation, and rates of assisted maturation.ResultsIn total, 287 patients with first AVFs were identified, of which 142 patients had a previous TVC (102 contralateral, 40 ipsilateral) and 145 had no previous TVC. The no TVC group had higher rates of AVF function at both 6 months (69% versus 54%, OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.00 to 3.39, P=0.05) and 12 months (84% versus 64%, OR, 3.10; 95% CI, 1.53 to 6.26, P=0.002) compared with the TVC group. The contralateral TVC group had higher rates of AVF function at 6 months (60% versus 40%, OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.01 to 4.88, P=0.05), but not at 12 months (66% versus 58%, OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.62 to 3.25, P=0.40) compared with the ipsilateral TVC group. The median time to AVF maturation in the contralateral and ipsilateral TVC groups were 121.5 and 146 days respectively (P=0.07). Assisted maturation rates were lower in no TVC group compared with the TVC group (12% versus 28%, P=0.007), but similar between the contralateral and ipsilateral TVC groups (29% versus 26%, P=0.74).ConclusionsPrevious TVC use was associated with poorer AVF function at 6 and 12 months, with a higher rate of assisted maturation. The presence of an ipsilateral TVC was associated with lower successful AVF use at 6 months, compared with contralateral TVC.
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Amin Mobarak, Mostafa Shawky Abdel Moez, and Shady Ali. "Quasi Three-Dimensional Design for a Novel Turbo-Vapor Compressor and the Last Stage of a Low-Pressure Steam Turbine." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 85, no. 2 (August 5, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.85.2.113.
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Turbo-vapor compressors (TVCs) are used to create a vacuum pressure in the evaporator of a novel combined cycle for electricity and freshwater production invented by Amin Mobarak. A novel design conceived of a TVC is introduced to increase the efficiency, allowable mass flow rate and reduce costs and losses. The system consists of a single axial compressor rotor followed by a single axial turbine rotor, which drives the upstream compressor, allowing high flow rates. A quasi-3D design is carried out for the TVC to calculate the flow velocity components and angles and ensure that the turbo-vapor turbine work is equal to the turbo-vapor compressor work. A preliminary design of the low-pressure power turbine (LPT) is done to examine the size and number of stages. The (LPT) size is twice the size of TVC at typical cycle operating conditions. A three-stage design is the most appropriate choice for the number of stages. It satisfies the accelerating relative flow condition at the last stage over a range of flow coefficients. A quasi-3D design is carried out for the LPT's last stage to ensure a multi-stage power turbine's safe design.
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Spyrelli, Evgenia D., Christina K. Papachristou, George-John E. Nychas, and Efstathios Z. Panagou. "Microbiological Quality Assessment of Chicken Thigh Fillets Using Spectroscopic Sensors and Multivariate Data Analysis." Foods 10, no. 11 (November 7, 2021): 2723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10112723.
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Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and multispectral imaging (MSI) were evaluated for the prediction of the microbiological quality of poultry meat via regression and classification models. Chicken thigh fillets (n = 402) were subjected to spoilage experiments at eight isothermal and two dynamic temperature profiles. Samples were analyzed microbiologically (total viable counts (TVCs) and Pseudomonas spp.), while simultaneously MSI and FT-IR spectra were acquired. The organoleptic quality of the samples was also evaluated by a sensory panel, establishing a TVC spoilage threshold at 6.99 log CFU/cm2. Partial least squares regression (PLS-R) models were employed in the assessment of TVCs and Pseudomonas spp. counts on chicken’s surface. Furthermore, classification models (linear discriminant analysis (LDA), quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), support vector machines (SVMs), and quadratic support vector machines (QSVMs)) were developed to discriminate the samples in two quality classes (fresh vs. spoiled). PLS-R models developed on MSI data predicted TVCs and Pseudomonas spp. counts satisfactorily, with root mean squared error (RMSE) values of 0.987 and 1.215 log CFU/cm2, respectively. SVM model coupled to MSI data exhibited the highest performance with an overall accuracy of 94.4%, while in the case of FT-IR, improved classification was obtained with the QDA model (overall accuracy 71.4%). These results confirm the efficacy of MSI and FT-IR as rapid methods to assess the quality in poultry products.
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Borova, Tetyana, Viktoriia Petrenko, Tetiana Ved, and Vasyl Pyvovarov. "Developing Students’ Transversal Competences Through Cultivation of Health Literacy Competence." Marketing of Scientific and Research Organizations 40, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/minib-2021-0008.
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Abstract The recognition that transversal competences are increasingly needed to face the challenges of the ever-changing world has given rise to work examining students’ development of transversal competences (TVCs) during their university time. This approach argues in favor of embedding transversal competences as well as health literacy competence and subject-based competences in curricula. The mini-study presented herein first posits a logical model for the integration of transversal competences in university curricula, supplemented with a qualimetric model comprising 6 factors associated with transversal competences. The resulting tools for transversal competence evaluation and self-assessment were next applied in a pilot questionnaire study of a small group of management students at a local university. Overall, the findings support the claim that students’ TVC development requires a new educational paradigm based on a holistic approach to competence-based learning that involves the harmonious development of a person’s TVCs and subject-based competences. Moreover, the results may serve as a reference for future studies on transversal competences and health literacy in particular, as well as for teachers and researchers in related fields.
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Schel, A. J., P. D. Marsh, D. J. Bradshaw, M. Finney, M. R. Fulford, E. Frandsen, E. Østergaard, et al. "Comparison of the Efficacies of Disinfectants To Control Microbial Contamination in Dental Unit Water Systems in General Dental Practices across the European Union." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 2 (February 2006): 1380–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.2.1380-1387.2006.
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ABSTRACT Water delivered by dental unit water systems (DUWS) in general dental practices can harbor high numbers of bacteria, including opportunistic pathogens. Biofilms on tubing within DUWS provide a reservoir for microorganisms and should be controlled. This study compared disinfection products for their ability to meet the American Dental Association's guideline of <200 CFU · ml−1 for DUWS water. Alpron, BioBlue, Dentosept, Oxygenal, Sanosil, Sterilex Ultra, and Ster4Spray were tested in DUWS (n = 134) in Denmark, Germany, Greece, Ireland, The Netherlands, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Weekly water samples were tested for total viable counts (TVCs) on yeast extract agar, and, where possible, the effects of products on established biofilm (TVCs) were measured. A 4- to 5-week baseline measurement period was followed by 6 to 8 weeks of disinfection (intermittent or continuous product application). DUWS water TVCs before disinfection ranged from 0 to 5.41 log CFU · ml−1. Disinfectants achieved reductions in the median water TVC ranging from 0.69 (Ster4Spray) to 3.11 (Dentosept) log CFU · ml−1, although occasional high values (up to 4.88 log CFU · ml−1) occurred with all products. Before treatment, 64% of all baseline samples exceeded American Dental Association guidelines, compared to only 17% following commencement of treatment; where tested, biofilm TVCs were reduced to below detectable levels. The antimicrobial efficacies of products varied (e.g., 91% of water samples from DUWS treated with Dentosept or Oxygenal met American Dental Association guidelines, compared to 60% of those treated with Ster4Spray). Overall, the continuously applied products performed better than those applied intermittently. The most effective products were Dentosept and Oxygenal, although Dentosept gave the most consistent and sustained antimicrobial effect over time.
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Kim, Michelle, Madhava Aryal, Benjamin Rosen, Hemant Parmar, Daekeun You, Larry Junck, Denise Leung, et al. "NIMG-21. INTERIM ANALYSIS OF A PHASE II STUDY OF MULTIPARAMETRIC MR-GUIDED HIGH-DOSE RESPONSE-ADAPTIVE RADIOTHERAPY WITH CONCURRENT TEMOZOLOMIDE IN PATIENTS WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED GLIOBLASTOMA." Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_7 (November 1, 2022): vii166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac209.639.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Biologically-informed radiotherapy (RT) targeting an adversely prognostic hypercellular/hyperperfused imaging phenotype in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) may improve outcomes by identifying emerging regions of treatment resistance associated with survival (OS), and is under investigation in an ongoing Phase II trial (NCT04574856) of individualized, response-adaptive RT. METHODS In this single-arm phase II study, patients with newly diagnosed GBM following resection undergo dose-intensified chemoradiation targeting the residual hypercellular (TVHCV, mean contralateral normal brain+2SD) and hyperperfused tumor volume (TVCBV, contralateral normal frontal grey matter+1SD) identified using high b-value diffusion-weighted and dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion MRI. The combination of TVHCVCBV (TVHCVCBV) is treated to 50 Gy in 20 fractions (2.5 Gy/fraction), and following mid-RT reassessment, the persistent and developing TVHCVCBV is treated to 30 Gy in 10 fractions (3 Gy/fraction). The primary endpoint is improvement in OS, with planned interim safety analysis. RESULTS Since October 2020, 16 of 30 patients have been enrolled. Median age was 58 years (range, 29-75) and 69% were male. No patient underwent biopsy only, and 50% had gross total resection; 23% had MGMT methylated tumors. Median TVHCV/TVCBV was 6.9 cc (range, 1.9-42.8) pre-RT and 30% (range, 1-72%) was nonenhancing. By mid-RT, TVHCVCBV was reduced to 4.2 cc (range, 0.8-34.3) and 47% (range, 3-74%) was nonenhancing. The TVHCVCBV persisting from pre- to mid-RT was 2.3 cc (range, 0-24.2), with an additional 1.8 cc (range, 0.3-20.6) newly developing outside the initial region. All patients underwent adaptive replanning for boost without interruption. Planned interim analysis determined an acceptable rate of neurologic toxicity and safety to continue enrollment. CONCLUSION Individualized, response adaptive RT using an advanced imaging biomarker to assess emerging and especially non-enhancing regions of treatment resistance in patients with GBM is feasible, with short term safety in an early cohort and longer-term efficacy outcomes anticipated with ongoing accrual.
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Hall, Stephen G., P. A. V. B. Swamy, and George S. Tavlas. "TIME-VARYING COEFFICIENT MODELS: A PROPOSAL FOR SELECTING THE COEFFICIENT DRIVER SETS." Macroeconomic Dynamics 21, no. 5 (January 20, 2016): 1158–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100515000279.
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Coefficient drivers are observable variables that feed into time-varying coefficients (TVCs) and explain at least part of their movement. To implement the TVC approach, the drivers are split into two subsets, one of which is correlated with the bias-free coefficient that we want to estimate and the other with the misspecification in the model. This split, however, can appear to be arbitrary. We provide a way of splitting the drivers that takes account of any nonlinearity that may be present in the data, with the aim of removing the arbitrary element in driver selection. We also provide an example of the practical use of our method by applying it to modeling the effect of ratings on sovereign-bond spreads.
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Yang, Grace S., Warren P. Bishop, Brian J. Smith, Steven L. Goudy, Yutaka Sato, and Nancy M. Bauman. "Radiographic and Endoscopic Measurements of Esophageal Length in Pediatric Patients." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 114, no. 8 (August 2005): 587–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940511400802.
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Objectives: Knowledge of the length between the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) and the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) in pediatric patients is essential for intraluminal impedance and dual pH probe recordings. Methods: We measured the vertical distance between the true vocal cords (TVCs) and the LES in chest x-rays (CXRs) of 118 children (ages, 6 weeks to 13 years) and measured the vertical distance between the UES and the LES during endoscopy in 31 patients (ages, 14 months to 17 years) and correlated the measurements to height, weight, and age. Results: Esophageal length correlated best with patient height (R = 0.96 by CXR, R = 0.88 by endoscopy) and less well with weight (R = 0.87, R = 0.67) and age (R = 0.94, R = 0.86). Linear regression analyses using radiographic measurements revealed that esophageal length (TVC to LES) can be estimated from a patient's height by the following equation: 1.048 + 0.167 × height (in centimeters). With the upper pH probe placed in the hypopharynx at the TVC level and the inferior probe placed in the esophagus 3 to 6 cm above the LES, the patients were divided into 6 groups corresponding to the currently available number of sizes of dual pH-impedance probes. With the patients' heights between 71.5 and 161.3 cm, 64.7% to 100% of patients were within 1 cm of the desired location with preselected probes. Confirmation of placement was performed with CXR. Conclusions: A pediatric patient's height can be used to estimate the esophageal length (TVC to LES) and facilitate the selection of dual pH—impedance probes. Our method decreases the risk of morbidity while increasing the accuracy of the study of extraesophageal reflux disease.
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Babiker Ahmed, Mona Ahmed, Atif Elamin Abdelgadir, and Hayfa Mohammed Ismail. "Evaluation of the Level of Biosecurity Measures Adopted in Broiler Farms Based on Manure Bacterial Load Examination in Khartoum State, Sudan." European Journal of Veterinary Medicine 1, no. 2 (September 15, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejvetmed.2021.1.2.11.
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This study was conducted to evaluate the level of adopted biosecurity measures in broiler farms based on manure bacterial load examination in Khartoum State, Sudan. To achieve the goal, a cross sectional study was conducted. Data and manure samples were collected from January to September 2018 from 12 close system broiler farms according to Non-probability Multistage Cluster Sampling Method in Khartoum, Khartoum North (Bahri), and Omdurman localities (4 for each). A standardized questionnaire was also conducted and used for data collection. A total of 12 manure samples were collected from one chosen broiler house in each farm to check the TVCs. All collected Data were subjected to descriptive and analytical statistic such as Chi square and ANOVA using SPSS. The Results of external biosecurity measures revealed that half of the total farms examined (50%) were at a distance between 500 m to 1km from the nearest poultry farm. The same percentage was obtained for no manure spreading from neighboring farms. However, frequent passage of other farms vehicles via near public road was reported in 50% of participating farms. The internal biosecurity results showed that all the examined farms (100%) prohibiting manure storage beside 75.0% of them remove the manure through the dirty area. Furthermore, workers protective wearing when contact waste and hygiene practicing after removing waste sometimes practiced by 75.0% of the participant farms. The mean of bacterial TVCs in manure samples was found below the cut-off level (6.01±0.78 cfu/g) with 95% confidence intervals of 4.48-7.37, 5.20-6.79, and 4.39-7.84 and mean TVC of 5.93±0.90, 6.00±0.50, and 6.11±1.08 cfu/g for Khartoum, Khartoum North, and Omdorman, respectively. No significant difference was obtained for log means of bacterial TVCs and farm location (F value=0.047 and P-value=0.955). In conclusion, despite that the bacterial counts in manure samples were below the cut-off level, poor hygienic practices were detected. Formulation of suitable procedures and regulations by official authorities for implementing biosecurity measures is recommended.
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SPESCHA, C., R. STEPHAN, and C. ZWEIFEL. "Microbiological Contamination of Pig Carcasses at Different Stages of Slaughter in Two European Union–Approved Abattoirs." Journal of Food Protection 69, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 2568–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.11.2568.
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At sequential steps of slaughter (scalding, dehairing, singeing, polishing, trimming, washing, and chilling), 200 pig carcasses from two abattoirs were examined for total viable bacteria count (TVC) and the presence of Enterobacteriaceae and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (CPS) by the wet-dry double-swab technique at the neck, belly, back, and ham. Before scalding, mean TVCs ranged from 5.0 to 6.0 log CFU cm32, and Enterobacteriaceae and CPS were detected on all carcasses. At abattoir A, mean TVCs and the percentage of Enterobacteriaceae-positive carcasses were reduced (P < 0.05) after scalding (1.9 log CFU cm−2 and 12%, respectively), singeing (1.9 log CFU cm−2 and 66%, respectively), and blast chilling (2.3 log CFU cm−2 and 17%, respectively) and increased (P < 0.05) after dehairing (3.4 log CFU cm−2 and 100%, respectively) and polishing (2.9 log CFU cm−2). The proportion of CPS-positive samples decreased to ≤10% after scalding and remained at this level. At abattoir B, mean TVCs and the percentages of Enterobacteriaceae- and CPS-positive carcasses were reduced (P < 0.05) after scalding (2.4 log CFU cm−2 and 29 and 20%, respectively), polishing (3.7 log CFU cm−2), and chilling (2.6 log CFU cm−2 and 55 and 77%, respectively) and increased (P < 0.05) after the combined dehairing-singeing (4.7 log CFU cm−2 and 97 and 100%, respectively). Among sites, the neck tended to yield higher levels of contamination from trimming to chilling at both abattoirs (P < 0.05). Consequently, scalding, singeing, and chilling may be integrated in a hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) system for pig slaughter. As indicated by the higher levels of contamination on carcasses after dehairing-singeing and the following stages at abattoir B, each abattoir should develop its own baseline data and should customize HACCP systems to match process- and site-specific circumstances.
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Mao, Xiaoyang, Daniel Thalmann, and Marina Gavrilova. "CGI 2017 Editorial (TVCJ)." Visual Computer 33, no. 6-8 (May 31, 2017): 691–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00371-017-1366-9.
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Thalmann, Daniel, Panos Trahanias, and George Papagiannakis. "CGI 2016 Editorial (TVCJ)." Visual Computer 32, no. 6-8 (May 30, 2016): 675–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00371-016-1271-7.
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Ammar, E. D., D. W. Thombury, and T. P. Pirone. "Ultrastructure and immunogold labeling of cytoplasmic fibrous bundles in tobacco leaf cells infected with tobacco vein mottling virus." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 1 (August 1992): 676–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100123787.
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Tobacco vein mottling virus (TVMV) is a potyvirus, with flexuous filamentous particles ca. 765 nm long and 12-13 nm in diameter. TVMV is transmitted by sap inoculation and by aphid vectors. Cylindrical inclusions characteristic of infections with potyviruses have been found in the cytoplasm of TVMV-infected tobacco leaves and protoplasts, and the presence of fibrous inclusions of unknown composition in the cytoplasm and nuclei of TVMV-infected tobacco has been reported. Here, we report the results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunogold labeling of cytoplasmic fibrous bundles found in TVMV-infected leaf cells, providing evidence that these bundles are composed of TVMV virions and/or coat protein.
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Elschenbroich, Christoph, Feng Lu, Klaus Harms, Olaf Burghaus, Clemens Pietzonka, and Jürgen Pebler. "α,ω-Di([5]trovacenyl) Sulfides TVC-Sn-TVC (n = 1-4) and TVC-SCH2S-TVC: a Study in Intramolecular Communication." European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2012, no. 24 (July 13, 2012): 3929–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201200310.
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Iqbal, Muhammad Naeem, Aftab Ahmad Anjum, Muhammad Asad Ali, Firasat Hussain, Shahzad Ali, Ali Muhammad, Muhammad Irfan, Aftab Ahmad, Muhammad Irfan, and Asghar Shabbir. "Assessment of Microbial Load of Un-pasteurized Fruit Juices and in vitro Antibacterial Potential of Honey Against Bacterial Isolates." Open Microbiology Journal 9, no. 1 (July 31, 2015): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874285801509010026.
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The development of resistance in bacteria against commonly used antibiotics/drugs is of considerable medical significance. Aim of this study was to determine the microbial load of un-pasteurized packed fruit juices sold in Lahore city and to determine antibacterial activity of five different honey samples against isolated bacteria. Unpasteurized fruit juice samples (n=60) were collected from street vendors. All the samples were subjected to Total viable count (TVC), Staphylococcal count (SC) and Coliform count (CC). One hundred and ten strains of bacteria were isolated from various fruit juices and identified on the basis of cultural characters, morphology and biochemical characters. Mean TVCs, SCs and CCs of juices (6.80±1.91, 5.45±1.06 and 3.25±1.25 log10 CFU/ml respectively) were non-significant with standard permissible limits (p<0.05). Among all the fruit juices, 66.66% of samples had TVC more than 4 log10 CFU/ml, 51.66% of samples had SC more than 3 log10 CFU/ml and 46.66% of samples had CC more than 2 log10 CFU/ml. Among the bacillus isolates purified, were Bacillus alvei, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus polymyxa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli and Enterobecter. All five different types of honey samples used in this study showed antibacterial activity against B. alvei, B. polymyxa, B. subtilis and S. aureus and no activity against P. aeruginosa, K. pneumonia, Enterobecter and E. coli. It is concluded that microbial load in unpasteurized fruit juices is significantly higher than standard permissible limits which insinuates its possible role in spoilage and food borne illnesses. Periodic monitoring of packed fruit juices should be carried out to make them safe for consumption. Honey can be used as an alternative for treatment of various infections, especially those caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria.
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WHYTE, P., J. D. COLLINS, K. McGILL, C. MONAHAN, and H. O'MAHONY. "Quantitative Investigation of the Effects of Chemical Decontamination Procedures on the Microbiological Status of Broiler Carcasses during Processing." Journal of Food Protection 64, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-64.2.179.
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The effects of elevated chlorine concentrations (25 ppm) added to water in the final carcass washing equipment on total viable counts (TVCs 22°C) and Escherichia coli and Enterobacteriaceae levels on poultry carcasses were investigated. Mean TVC counts on neck skin samples were significantly reduced when pre-evisceration and postwash samples were compared with log10 4.98 to 4.52 CFU/g recovered, respectively (P ≤ 0.05). No significant reductions in TVC counts were observed in control samples at corresponding sampling points subjected to wash water containing 1 to 2 ppm chlorine. E. coli and Enterobacteriaceae counts were not significantly altered following final carcass washing in the processing plant. A second trial assessed the microbial decontamination capabilities of sodium triphosphate (TSP) on broiler carcasses. Neck skin samples from carcasses were obtained before final washing (control), following a 15-s dip in potable water and after dipping in a 10% TSP solution (pH 12) for 15 s. Reductions in E. coli and Enterobacteriaceae counts were all statistically significant for both water and TSP-treated samples when compared with corresponding controls (P ≤ 0.01). The TSP treatment resulted in higher reductions of log10 1.95 and 1.86/g for E. coli and Enterobacteriaceae, respectively. In contrast, reductions of log10 0.37 and 0.31/g were observed for E. coli and Enterobacteriaceae counts when water-dipped carcasses were compared with corresponding controls. Significantly, Salmonella was not detected in any of the TSP-treated carcasses, while log10 1.92 and 1.04/g were found in control and water-dipped samples, respectively. Thermophilic Campylobacter counts were significantly lower in both treatment groups when compared with corresponding controls resulting in log10 0.55 and 1.71/g reductions for water- and TSP-dipped carcasses, respectively (P ≤ 0.01).
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Karim, Md Abdul, Masudur Rahman, Esmout Jahan Alice, Md Amanullah, Md Akhtar Hossain, and Md Tariqul Islam. "Quality of Refrigerated Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Slices under Vacuum and Modified Atmosphere Packaging." Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology 15, no. 3 (December 23, 2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/squalen.v15i3.483.
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In order to develop a proper packaging system for sliced tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus), the biochemical and microbiological qualities under control (unsealed package), vacuum package and modified atmosphere packaging with 50% CO2/50% N2 (MAP-1) and 50% CO2/50% O2 (MAP-2) were evaluated every three days during 18 days of chilled storage (4±1°C). The pH value was not significantly different (p > 0.05) by treatments until day 9, but significantly lower values (p < 0.05) were observed on day 12 of the storage in all treated samples compared to the control. The total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) value progressively increased, but not significantly different (p > 0.05) in all treatments during the entire storage period. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) amounts were significantly lower (p < 0.05) on day 12 in the vacuum and MAP-1 samples compared to the control sample, and were significantly higher (p < 0.05) on day 6, 9, and 12 of the storage period in MAP-2 samples compared to the control, vacuum and MAP-1 samples. The amounts of pH, TVB-N, and TBARS in all samples did not exceed the acceptable limit in almost the entire storage. The total viable count (TVC) progressively increased with storage time. Nevertheless, TVC values were lower (p < 0.05) on day 6, 9, and 12 of the storage periods in all treatments compared to the control. The TVCs exceeded the acceptable limit (7 log CFU/g) on days 6-9 for control, 9-12 for vacuum, day 12 for MAP-2, and 15 for MAP-1 sample during the storage period. Therefore, the MAP has shown promising results for shelf life extension that can be practiced to display the fishery products with prolonged shelf life.
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Dias, Nayma P., Rongbin Hu, Darrell D. Hensley, Zachariah Hansen, Leslie Domier, and M. R. Hajimorad. "A Survey for Viruses and Viroids of Peach in Tennessee Orchards by RNA Sequencing." Plant Health Progress, April 19, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-01-22-0007-sc.
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The prevalent viruses and viroids in a population of 100 peach trees grown in Tennessee (TN) orchards was investigated by RNA sequencing and analysis of a pool of ribosomal-depleted total RNA derived from these plants. The sequences of nine viruses (cherry green ring mottle virus, cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus, grapevine-associated ilarvirus; GaIV, nectarine virus M; NeVM, prunus necrotic ringspot virus; PNRSV, tomato mosaic virus; ToMV, tomato ringspot virus; ToRSV, turnip vein-clearing virus; TVCV, and white clover mosaic virus; WClMV) and one viroid (peach latent mosaic viroid; PLMVd) were detected. The presence of ToMV, PNRSV, NeVM, ToRSV and PLMVd sequences were confirmed in the original samples by RT-PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. This study represents the first survey of viruses and viroids of peach trees in TN orchards. To the best of our knowledge, ToMV, NeVM, GaIV, TVCV and WClMV have not been reported previously associated with peach trees elsewhere in the world.
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Han, Edward X., Hong Qian, Bo Jiang, Maria Figetakis, Natalia Kosyakova, George Tellides, Laura E. Niklason, and William G. Chang. "A therapeutic vascular conduit to support in vivo cell-secreted therapy." npj Regenerative Medicine 6, no. 1 (July 29, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41536-021-00150-2.
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AbstractA significant barrier to implementation of cell-based therapies is providing adequate vascularization to provide oxygen and nutrients. Here we describe an approach for cell transplantation termed the Therapeutic Vascular Conduit (TVC), which uses an acellular vessel as a scaffold for a hydrogel sheath containing cells designed to secrete a therapeutic protein. The TVC can be directly anastomosed as a vascular graft. Modeling supports the concept that the TVC allows oxygenated blood to flow in close proximity to the transplanted cells to prevent hypoxia. As a proof-of-principle study, we used erythropoietin (EPO) as a model therapeutic protein. If implanted as an arteriovenous vascular graft, such a construct could serve a dual role as an EPO delivery platform and hemodialysis access for patients with end-stage renal disease. When implanted into nude rats, TVCs containing EPO-secreting fibroblasts were able to increase serum EPO and hemoglobin levels for up to 4 weeks. However, constitutive EPO expression resulted in macrophage infiltration and luminal obstruction of the TVC, thus limiting longer-term efficacy. Follow-up in vitro studies support the hypothesis that EPO also functions to recruit macrophages. The TVC is a promising approach to cell-based therapeutic delivery that has the potential to overcome the oxygenation barrier to large-scale cellular implantation and could thus be used for a myriad of clinical disorders. However, a complete understanding of the biological effects of the selected therapeutic is absolutely essential.
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Yuan, Cheng, Sondra G. Lazarowitz, and Vitaly Citovsky. "The Plasmodesmal Localization Signal of TMV MP Is Recognized by Plant Synaptotagmin SYTA." mBio 9, no. 4 (July 10, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mbio.01314-18.
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ABSTRACT Plant viruses cross the barrier of the plant cell wall by moving through intercellular channels, termed plasmodesmata, to invade their hosts. They accomplish this by encoding movement proteins (MPs), which act to alter plasmodesmal gating. How MPs target to plasmodesmata is not well understood. Our recent characterization of the first plasmodesmal localization signal (PLS) identified in a viral MP, namely, the MP encoded by the Tobamovirus Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), now provides the opportunity to identify host proteins that recognize this PLS and may be important for its plasmodesmal targeting. One such candidate protein is Arabidopsis synaptotagmin A (SYTA), which is required to form endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-plasma membrane contact sites and regulates the MP-mediated trafficking of begomoviruses, tobamoviruses, and potyviruses. In particular, SYTA interacts with, and regulates the cell-to-cell transport of, both TMV MP and the MP encoded by the Tobamovirus Turnip vein clearing virus (TVCV). Using in planta bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and yeast two-hybrid assays, we show here that the TMV PLS interacted with SYTA. This PLS sequence was both necessary and sufficient for interaction with SYTA, and the plasmodesmal targeting activity of the TMV PLS was substantially reduced in an Arabidopsis syta knockdown line. Our findings show that SYTA is one host factor that can recognize the TMV PLS and suggest that this interaction may stabilize the association of TMV MP with plasmodesmata. IMPORTANCE Plant viruses use their movement proteins (MPs) to move through host intercellular connections, plasmodesmata. Perhaps one of the most intriguing, yet least studied, aspects of this transport is the MP signal sequences and their host recognition factors. Recently, we have described the plasmodesmal localization signal (PLS) of the Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) MP. Here, we identified the Arabidopsis synaptotagmin A (SYTA) as a host factor that recognizes TMV MP PLS and promotes its association with the plasmodesmal membrane. The significance of these findings is two-fold: (i) we identified the TMV MP association with the cell membrane at plasmodesmata as an important PLS-dependent step in plasmodesmal targeting, and (ii) we identified the plant SYTA protein that specifically recognizes PLS as a host factor involved in this step.
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Heishima, Tatsuya, Kazushi Asano, Kumiko Ishigaki, Orie Yoshida, Naoki Sakurai, Kazuyuki Terai, Mamiko Seki, Kenji Teshima, and Shigeo Tanaka. "Perineal herniorrhaphy with pedunculated tunica vaginalis communis in dogs: Description of the technique and clinical case series." Frontiers in Veterinary Science 9 (August 4, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.931088.
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BackgroundPerineal hernia (PH) in dogs is caused by the separation of the anal septal muscles and the displacement of pelvic/abdominal organs under the perineal skin. Reconstruction of the pelvic septum by surgical repositioning is the only curative treatment.ObjectivesTo describe the procedure and outcomes of surgical repair using the pedunculated tunica vaginalis communis (TVC) for PH in dogs.MethodsIntact male dogs diagnosed with PH were included in this study. For surgery, each dog was positioned in the Trendelenburg position. Castration was performed with the open technique, followed by colopexy and cystopexy via laparotomy. The remaining bilateral TVCs transposed to the opening of PH were used for the perineal herniorrhaphy. Intraoperative findings, complications, and outcomes were evaluated and recorded.ResultsEight dogs [median age 10.5 years (range, 9–13 years); median body weight 4.9 kg (range, 1.6–12.3 kg)] were treated using the TVC surgical technique. Perineal herniorrhaphy with the TVC was feasible in all dogs. The median operation time was 105.5 min (range, 46–149 min) in unilateral PH, and 92 and 122 min in two dogs with bilateral PH. Short-term postoperative complications during hospitalization did not occur in six dogs, whereas the residual two dogs had a temporary local infection as a minor complication. Postoperative recurrence occurred in one dog (13%) on postoperative day 136.ConclusionsOur study suggests that the herniorrhaphy technique using the pedunculated TVC is an alternative option for the repair of PH in dogs.
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Shi, Rui, Soufia Ayed, Francesca Moretto, Danila Azzolina, Nello De Vita, Francesco Gavelli, Simone Carelli, et al. "Tidal volume challenge to predict preload responsiveness in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome under prone position." Critical Care 26, no. 1 (July 18, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13054-022-04087-w.
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Abstract Background Prone position is frequently used in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), especially during the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Our study investigated the ability of pulse pressure variation (PPV) and its changes during a tidal volume challenge (TVC) to assess preload responsiveness in ARDS patients under prone position. Methods This was a prospective study conducted in a 25-bed intensive care unit at a university hospital. We included patients with ARDS under prone position, ventilated with 6 mL/kg tidal volume and monitored by a transpulmonary thermodilution device. We measured PPV and its changes during a TVC (ΔPPV TVC6–8) after increasing the tidal volume from 6 to 8 mL/kg for one minute. Changes in cardiac index (CI) during a Trendelenburg maneuver (ΔCITREND) and during end-expiratory occlusion (EEO) at 8 mL/kg tidal volume (ΔCI EEO8) were recorded. Preload responsiveness was defined by both ΔCITREND ≥ 8% and ΔCI EEO8 ≥ 5%. Preload unresponsiveness was defined by both ΔCITREND < 8% and ΔCI EEO8 < 5%. Results Eighty-four sets of measurements were analyzed in 58 patients. Before prone positioning, the ratio of partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen was 104 ± 27 mmHg. At the inclusion time, patients were under prone position for 11 (2–14) hours. Norepinephrine was administered in 83% of cases with a dose of 0.25 (0.15–0.42) µg/kg/min. The positive end-expiratory pressure was 14 (11–16) cmH2O. The driving pressure was 12 (10–17) cmH2O, and the respiratory system compliance was 32 (22–40) mL/cmH2O. Preload responsiveness was detected in 42 cases. An absolute change in PPV ≥ 3.5% during a TVC assessed preload responsiveness with an area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) curve of 0.94 ± 0.03 (sensitivity: 98%, specificity: 86%) better than that of baseline PPV (0.85 ± 0.05; p = 0.047). In the 56 cases where baseline PPV was inconclusive (≥ 4% and < 11%), ΔPPV TVC6–8 ≥ 3.5% still enabled to reliably assess preload responsiveness (AUROC: 0.91 ± 0.05, sensitivity: 97%, specificity: 81%; p < 0.01 vs. baseline PPV). Conclusion In patients with ARDS under low tidal volume ventilation during prone position, the changes in PPV during a TVC can reliably assess preload responsiveness without the need for cardiac output measurements. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04457739). Registered 30 June 2020 —Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04457739
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Gruneau, Richard. "Introduction: Why TVTV?" Canadian Journal of Communication 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1996). http://dx.doi.org/10.22230/cjc.1996v21n1a908.
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De la Garde, Roger, and Veronique Nguyên-Duy. "TVTV: The Television Revolution." Canadian Journal of Communication 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1996). http://dx.doi.org/10.22230/cjc.1996v21n1a911.
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Jeffrey, Liss. "TVTV: The Debate Continues." Canadian Journal of Communication 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1996). http://dx.doi.org/10.22230/cjc.1996v21n1a917.
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Hanke, Bob. "A Colloquium on TVTV." Canadian Journal of Communication 26, no. 3 (March 1, 2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.22230/cjc.2001v26n3a1234.
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Abstract: This article presents a case study of a televised encounter between representatives of the fields of television, journalism, and academic media study. The article moves from a description of what was, and could be, said during Moses Znaimer's A Colloquium on TVTV to an analysis of invisible fields of cultural production and their effects. I argue that Pierre Bourdieu's work on television offers a valuable sociological perspective on television, intellectuals, and public knowledge, but that Canadian Learning Television's use of media studies may have paradoxical effects. Unless media scholars reflect upon these effects and begin to negotiate the terms and conditions of our appearance on television, our involvement may not increase the power of our analysis. Résumé: Cet article présente une étude de cas sur une rencontre télévisée entre des représentants des mondes télévisuel, journalistique, et académique. L'article part d'une description de ce que ceux-ci ont dit ainsi que de ce qu'ils auraient pu dire lors du Colloque sur TVTV de Moses Znaimer, pour aboutir à l'analyse de champs invisibles de production culturelle et de leurs effets. Je soutiens que le travail de Pierre Bourdieu sur la télévision offre une perspective sociologique de valeur sur la télévision, les intellectuels, et le savoir public, mais que l'utilisation d'études médiatiques par Canadian Learning Television («La Télévision d'enseignement canadienne») pourrait avoir des conséquences paradoxales. À moins de négocier les modalités de nospassages à la télévision, nous les chercheurs médiatiques aurons de la difficulté à accroître le pouvoir de nos analyses.
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"TVCG: information for authors." IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 10, no. 2 (March 2004): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2004.1304989.
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"TVCG Information for authors." IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 10, no. 5 (September 2004): c3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2004.22.
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"TVCG Information for authors." IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 10, no. 6 (November 2004): c3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2004.42.
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"TVCG Information for authors." IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 10, no. 4 (July 2004): c3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2004.9.
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"TVCG Information for authors." IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 11, no. 2 (March 2005): c3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2005.31.
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"TVCG Information for authors." IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 11, no. 3 (May 2005): c3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2005.51.
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"TVCG Information for authors." IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 11, no. 4 (July 2005): c3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2005.57.
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"TVCG Information for authors." IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 11, no. 1 (January 2005): c3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2005.7.
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