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Pang, Wenbin, Wei Zhou, Yufang Ruan, Linjun Zhang, Hua Shu, Yang Zhang, and Yumei Zhang. "Visual Deprivation Alters Functional Connectivity of Neural Networks for Voice Recognition: A Resting-State fMRI Study." Brain Sciences 13, no. 4 (April 7, 2023): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13040636.
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Humans recognize one another by identifying their voices and faces. For sighted people, the integration of voice and face signals in corresponding brain networks plays an important role in facilitating the process. However, individuals with vision loss primarily resort to voice cues to recognize a person’s identity. It remains unclear how the neural systems for voice recognition reorganize in the blind. In the present study, we collected behavioral and resting-state fMRI data from 20 early blind (5 females; mean age = 22.6 years) and 22 sighted control (7 females; mean age = 23.7 years) individuals. We aimed to investigate the alterations in the resting-state functional connectivity (FC) among the voice- and face-sensitive areas in blind subjects in comparison with controls. We found that the intranetwork connections among voice-sensitive areas, including amygdala-posterior “temporal voice areas” (TVAp), amygdala-anterior “temporal voice areas” (TVAa), and amygdala-inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) were enhanced in the early blind. The blind group also showed increased FCs of “fusiform face area” (FFA)-IFG and “occipital face area” (OFA)-IFG but decreased FCs between the face-sensitive areas (i.e., FFA and OFA) and TVAa. Moreover, the voice-recognition accuracy was positively related to the strength of TVAp-FFA in the sighted, and the strength of amygdala-FFA in the blind. These findings indicate that visual deprivation shapes functional connectivity by increasing the intranetwork connections among voice-sensitive areas while decreasing the internetwork connections between the voice- and face-sensitive areas. Moreover, the face-sensitive areas are still involved in the voice-recognition process in blind individuals through pathways such as the subcortical-occipital or occipitofrontal connections, which may benefit the visually impaired greatly during voice processing.
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Elleder, Daniel, Deborah C. Melder, Katerina Trejbalova, Jan Svoboda, and Mark J. Federspiel. "Two Different Molecular Defects in the Tva Receptor Gene Explain the Resistance of Two tvar Lines of Chickens to Infection by Subgroup A Avian Sarcoma and Leukosis Viruses." Journal of Virology 78, no. 24 (December 15, 2004): 13489–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.24.13489-13500.2004.
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ABSTRACT The subgroup A to E avian sarcoma and leukosis viruses (ASLVs) are highly related and are thought to have evolved from a common ancestor. These viruses use distinct cell surface proteins as receptors to gain entry into avian cells. Chickens have evolved resistance to infection by the ASLVs. We have identified the mutations responsible for the block to virus entry in chicken lines resistant to infection by subgroup A ASLVs [ASLV(A)]. The tva genetic locus determines the susceptibility of chicken cells to ASLV(A) viruses. In quail, the ASLV(A) susceptibility allele tvas encodes two forms of the Tva receptor; these proteins are translated from alternatively spliced mRNAs. The normal cellular function of the Tva receptor is unknown; however, the extracellular domain contains a 40-amino-acid, cysteine-rich region that is homologous to the ligand binding region of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) proteins. The chicken tvas cDNAs had not yet been fully characterized; we cloned the chicken tva cDNAs from two lines of subgroup A-susceptible chickens, line H6 and line 0. Two types of chicken tvas cDNAs were obtained. These cDNAs encode a longer and shorter form of the Tva receptor homologous to the Tva forms in quail. Two different defects were identified in cDNAs cloned from two different ASLV(A)-resistant inbred chickens, line C and line 72. Line C tvar contains a single base pair substitution, resulting in a cysteine-to-tryptophan change in the LDLR-like region of Tva. This mutation drastically reduces the binding affinity of TvaR for the ASLV(A) envelope glycoproteins. Line 72 tvar2 contains a 4-bp insertion in exon 1 that causes a change in the reading frame, which blocks expression of the Tva receptor.
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Koo, Jeong-Hoi, Mehdi Ahmadian, and Mehdi Setareh. "Experimental Robustness Analysis of Magneto-Rheological Tuned Vibration Absorbers Subject to Mass Off-Tuning." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 128, no. 1 (May 24, 2005): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2128647.
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This paper offers an experimental robustness analysis of a semi-active tuned vibration absorber (TVA) subject to structural mass off-tuning, which occurs frequently in practical applications of TVAs. One of the critical problems of a conventional TVA is off-tuning or miss-tuning because off-tuned TVAs may amplify the vibrations of the primary structure. This study intends to evaluate how well semi-active TVAs are able to adapt to structural mass changes (mass off-tuning) as compared with passive TVAs. To this end, a test apparatus was built to represent a two-degree-of-freedom structure model coupled with a TVA. The semi-active TVA considered in this study employed a magneto-rheological (MR) damper as its damping element to enhance overall performance. Using this test apparatus, a series of tests were conducted to identify the optimal tuning parameters of the TVAs. After obtaining each TVA’s optimal tuning parameters based on equal peak transmissibility criteria, the mass off-tuning tests were then performed on the optimally tuned TVAs. In order to off-tune the system, the mass of the primary structure varied from −19% to +19% of its nominal mass using a set of steel plates. Overall, the experimental results show that the semi-active MR TVA outperforms the passive TVA in reducing maximum vibrations. Moreover, the results show that the semi- active TVA is more robust to changes in the primary mass (mass off-tuning) The results further show that the semi-active MR TVA offers larger performance gains as the structure mass increases.
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Elahinia, Mohammad H., Jeong-Hoi Koo, and Honghao Tan. "Improving Robustness of Tuned Vibration Absorbers Using Shape Memory Alloys." Shock and Vibration 12, no. 5 (2005): 349–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2005/168260.
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A conventional passive tuned vibration absorber (TVA) is effective when it is precisely tuned to the frequency of a vibration mode; otherwise, it may amplify the vibrations of the primary system. In many applications, the frequency often changes over time. For example, adding or subtracting external mass on the existing primary system results in changes in the system’s natural frequency. The frequency changes of the primary system can significantly degrade the performance of TVA. To cope with this problem, many alternative TVAs (such as semiactive, adaptive, and active TVAs) have been studied. As another alternative, this paper investigates the use of Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) in passive TVAs in order to improve the robustness of the TVAs subject to mass change in the primary system. The proposed SMA-TVA employs SMA wires, which exhibit variable stiffness, as the spring element of the TVA. This allows us to tune effective stiffness of the TVA to adapt to the changes in the primary system's natural frequency. The simulation model, presented in this paper, contains the dynamics of the TVA along with the SMA wire model that includes phase transformation, heat transfer, and the constitutive relations. Additionally, a PID controller is included for regulating the applied voltage to the SMA wires in order to maintain the desired stiffness. The robustness analysis is then performed on both the SMA-TVA and the equivalent passive TVA. For our robustness analysis, the mass of the primary system is varied by ± 30% of its nominal mass. The simulation results show that the SMA-TVA is more robust than the equivalent passive TVA in reducing peak vibrations in the primary system subject to change of its mass.
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Koo, J.-H., and M. Ahmadian. "A qualitative analysis of groundhook tuned vibration absorbers for controlling structural vibrations." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics 216, no. 4 (December 1, 2002): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/146441902320992446.
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The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the dynamic characteristics of semi-active groundhook tuned vibration absorbers (TVAs), using closed-form equivalent models of such systems. Closed-form, equivalent models of groundhook TVAs are developed and compared analytically with those for passive TVAs. Additionally, closed-form solutions of groundhook equivalent TVA models are obtained and are used for a parametric study to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of such systems as various parameters change. The numerical results are compared with passive TVAs which have been studied extensively in the past. The results indicate tat groundhook TVAs, with off-state damping levels within a critical value, are capable of lowering the magnitude of resonant peaks without increasing vibration. In contrast, increasing damping in passive TVAs results in a reduction in the amplitude of resonant peaks, at the expense of increased vibrations at the tuned frequency. The results further indicate that increasing the mass ratio between the TVA and the structure increases the effectiveness of groundhook TVAs, in a manner much similar to passive TVAs. However, increasing off-state damping decreases the effectiveness of groundhook TVAs.
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Vahdati, Nader, and Mehdi Ahmadian. "Hybrid Secondary Suspension Systems." Shock and Vibration 16, no. 5 (2009): 467–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/624170.
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Passive fluid mounts are used in the fixed wing applications as engine mounts. The passive fluid mount is placed in between the engine and the fuselage to reduce the cabin's structure- borne noise and vibration generated by the engine.To investigate the benefits of passive fluid mounts used in conjunction with tuned vibration absorbers (TVA), a simple mathematical model is developed. This mathematical model includes the mathematical model of a passive fluid mount, a TVA, and a spring representing the fuselage structure. The simulation results indicate that when passive fluid mounts are used in conjunction with TVAs, an active suspension system behavior is nearly created.
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You, Kiheum, and Hojong Choi. "Inter-Stage Output Voltage Amplitude Improvement Circuit Integrated with Class-B Transmit Voltage Amplifier for Mobile Ultrasound Machines." Sensors 20, no. 21 (November 2, 2020): 6244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216244.
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Piezoelectric transducers are triggered by the output voltage signal of a transmit voltage amplifier (TVA). In mobile ultrasound instruments, the sensitivity of piezoelectric transducers is a critical parameter under limited power supply from portable batteries. Therefore, the enhancement of the output voltage amplitude of the amplifier under limited power supply could increase the sensitivity of the piezoelectric transducer. Several-stage TVAs are used to increase the voltage amplitude. However, inter-stage design issues between each TVA block may reduce the voltage amplitude and bandwidth because the electronic components of the amplifier are nonlinearly operated at the desired frequency ranges. To compensate for this effect, we propose a novel inter-stage output voltage amplitude improvement (OVAI) circuit integrated with a class-B TVA circuit. We performed fundamental A-mode pulse-echo tests using a 15-MHz immersion-type piezoelectric transducer to verify the design. The echo amplitude and bandwidth when using an inter-stage OVAI circuit integrated with a class-B TVA circuit (696 mVPP and 29.91%, respectively) were higher than those obtained when using only the class-B TVA circuit (576 mVPP and 24.21%, respectively). Therefore, the proposed OVAI circuit could be beneficial for increasing the output amplitude of the class-B TVA circuit for mobile ultrasound machines.
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Koo, Jeong-Hoi, Mehdi Ahmadian, Mehdi Setareh, and Thomas Murray. "In Search of Suitable Control Methods for Semi-Active Tuned Vibration Absorbers." Journal of Vibration and Control 10, no. 2 (February 2004): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546304032020.
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The main purpose of this study is to identify a suitable control method for semi-active tuned vibration absorbers (TVAs) in structural vibration applications. Four control policies are considered. The semi-active control schemes include the following: velocity-based, on-off groundhook control (on-off VBG); velocity-based, continuous groundhook control (continuous VBG); displacement-based, on-off groundhook control (on-off DBG); and displacement-based, continuous groundhook control (continuous DBG). A force-excited model that can be representative of many structural systems is adapted as the baseline model for our analysis. Each of the control policies is applied to the baseline model coupled with a TVA. In order to equally evaluate the control policies, the TVA parameters are optimized according to each policy using numerical optimization techniques. The optimal design parameters are obtained based on minimization of peak transmissibility. The performances of each of the optimized cases are then compared along with the equivalent passive model using the peak transmissibility criteria. The results indicate that all of the semi-active peak transmissibilities are lower than those of the passive, implying that the semi-active TVAs are more effective in reducing vibration levels. The results further indicate that on-off DBG performs the best among the considered control polices.
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Chetty, Runjan, Sara Hafezi-Bakhtiari, Stefano Serra, Richard Colling, and Lai Mun Wang. "Traditional serrated adenomas (TSAs) admixed with other serrated (so-called precursor) polyps and conventional adenomas: a frequent occurrence." Journal of Clinical Pathology 68, no. 4 (January 14, 2015): 270–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202827.
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BackgroundTraditional serrated adenoma (TSA) is a very characteristic type of serrated polyp that has a predilection for the left colon. Recent molecular advances have shown two molecular phenotypes of TSA: one associated with BRAF mutations and the other with KRAS mutations. The former is associated with hyperplastic polyps (HPs) and sessile serrated adenomas (SSAs), while the latter is associated with more conventional adenomatous dysplasia.AimsThe association of TSAs with so-called precursor lesions (HPs and SSAs) is not well recognised and the purpose of this study was to explore the coexistent presence of HPs, SSAs and adenomatous polyps within a large cohort of TSAs.MethodsIn total 149 TSAs were examined for the presence of HP, SSA and adenomatous polyps.ResultsSeen in 83 men and 65 women ranging in age from 32 to 89 years and 127 were left sided with 22 in the right colon. Seventy-eight of the 149 TSAs showed evidence of another polyp (52.34%): 32 were low-grade tubular/tubulovillous adenomas (TAs/TVAs; 41%), 28 were HPs (36%) and 18 were SSAs (23%). Eleven of the 22 right-sided TSAs were associated with a precursor lesion (1 HP and 7 SSA). In addition, five TSAs showed more than one polyp type: TSA with TA/TVA and HP (3); TSA with TA/TVA and SSA (2). The TAs/TVAs were adjacent to the TSA but occurred as a separate discrete polyp, while HPs and SSAs were intermingled with the TSA and present at the base and surface of the lesion.ConclusionsMore than 50% of TSAs are associated with a precursor lesion or adjacent TA/TVA. Their recognition is important as this may have surveillance and management ramifications.
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Agyeman, Emmanuel Kwadwo Kale, Steven Duret, Denis Flick, Onrawee Laguerre, and Jean Moureh. "Computational Modelling of Airflow and Heat Transfer during Cooling of Stacked Tomatoes: Optimal Crate Design." Energies 16, no. 4 (February 19, 2023): 2048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16042048.
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A 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed to predict the airflow and heat transfer in half of a pallet layer of tomatoes. The numerical and experimental results were compared, and a good agreement was obtained between both results using the root-mean-square error (RMSE) and absolute relative deviation (ARD) values as criteria. The validated CFD model was then used to minimise the product temperature heterogeneity by optimising the airflow rate and the crate design. A downward flow of the air along the central parts of the crates and an upward flow close to the lateral walls of the crates were observed. Three different total ventilated areas (TVAs) were tested to study their influence on the product temperature uniformity and cooling rate. The MTD and ATD decreased from 6.8 to 3.5 °C and from 1.5 to 0.7 °C, respectively, when the TVA was increased from 11 to 15%.
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Paula Almeida Cunha, Ana, Ilka Kassandra Pereira Belfort, Francisco Pedro Belfort Mendes, Gerusinete Rodrigues Bastos dos Santos, Lucas Henrique de Lima Costa, Pablo de Matos Monteiro, Renata Lemos Gaspar, et al. "Human papillomavirus and Its Association with Other Sexually Transmitted Coinfection among Sexually Active Women from the Northeast of Brazil." Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases 2020 (October 29, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8838317.
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Objective. To verify the association between HPV infection and the presence of coinfections (Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae) in women in the state of Maranhão. Methods. HPV-DNA detection was performed by the nested PCR, using the primers PGMY09/11 and GP + 5/GP + 6. For the identification of sexually transmitted agents, conventional PCR was performed using the following primers: KL1/KL2 (Chlamydia trachomatis), TVA5/TVA6 (Trichomonas vaginalis), and HO1/HO3 (Neisseria gonorrhoeae). DNA-HPV positive samples were subjected to automated sequencing for genotyping. Results. Among the 353 women evaluated, 204 (57.8%) had HPV-DNA, of which 140 (68.6%) exhibited HPV/STIs, while 64 (31.4%) had the only HPV. T. vaginalis infection showed a positive association with HPV ( p = 0.003 ). Women without cervical lesions were predominant (327/92.6%); however, the largest number of lesions was reported in women who had HPV/coinfections (18/8.8%). Multiple regression analysis showed that both HPV only and the concomitant presence of HPV/STI were able to indicate the occurrence of epithelial lesions (R = 0.164; R2 = 0.027). Conclusion. The findings suggest that the presence of T. vaginalis can contribute to HPV infection, and HPV/IST association may influence the development of cervical intraepithelial lesions that are precursors of cervical cancer.
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Lees, Angela, Jim Lea, Hannah Salvin, Linda Cafe, Ian Colditz, and Caroline Lee. "Relationship between Rectal Temperature and Vaginal Temperature in Grazing Bos taurus Heifers." Animals 8, no. 9 (September 18, 2018): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani8090156.
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This study evaluated the relationship between rectal temperature (TREC, °C) and vaginal temperature (TVAG, °C) in grazing Bos taurus heifers, to develop an understanding of the reliability of these measures as estimates of core body temperature. Nineteen Angus heifers (BW = 232.2 ± 6.91 kg) were implanted with intra-rectal and intra-vaginal data loggers. Rectal temperature and TVAG were simultaneously recorded at 20 s intervals over 18.5 h. Heifers were housed as a singular cohort on grazing pastures for the duration of the study. A strong linear relationship (R2 = 0.72, p < 0.0001) between the measurement sites was identified. The mean difference between TREC and TVAG was small, in which TVAG was on average 0.22 ± 0.01 °C lower than TREC. Individual twenty second TREC and TVAG data were used to determine the pooled mean TREC and TVAG and then to highlight the within measure variation over time. The coefficient of variation was, on average, lower (p < 0.001) for TVAG (0.38%) than TREC (0.44%), indicating that TVAG exhibited less variation. Overall, the results from the current study suggest that a strong relationship exists between TREC and TVAG, and that TVAG may be a more reliable estimate of core body temperature than TREC in grazing Bos taurus heifers.
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Elias, Said. "Seismic Energy Assessment of Buildings with Tuned Vibration Absorbers." Shock and Vibration 2018 (October 18, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2051687.
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Seismic analysis and energy assessment of building installed with distributed tuned vibration absorbers (d-TVAs) are presented. The performance of d-TVAs is compared with single tuned vibration absorber (STVA) installed at the top of the building. The placements of the d-TVAs are based on the modal properties of the uncontrolled and controlled buildings. The governing equations of motion of the building with the STVA and d-TVAs are solved by employing Newmark’s integration method. Various energies under earthquake ground excitations are computed to study the effectiveness of using the STVA and d-TVAs. It is concluded that the use of the d-TVAs is the most competent because it effectively dissipates the seismic energy, and they are convenient to install requiring reduced space, as are placed at various floors.
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Bakhtiar, Sri Muslihah, Amran Amran, and Khaeruddin Khaeruddin. "An Empirical Study for Comparison of Estimation Methods for Value at Risk, Tail Value at Risk, and Adjusted Tail Value at Risk Using Extreme Value Theory Approach to Stock Market Index." Daya Matematis: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Matematika 10, no. 2 (July 22, 2022): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/jdm.v10i2.35702.
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Risk management helps the financial industry to manage and estimate the risks that may occur by using risk measures. Financial series data mostly have a heavy tail distribution which causes the probability of extreme values to occur. To overcome these extreme values, it is necessary to apply a mathematical model in calculating risk estimates in financial data combined with the Extreme Value Theory approach. The Adjusted-TVaR model is a measure of the risk of modification of the TVaR model to eliminate outliers in the tail of the distribution. The purpose of this study is to measure the accuracy of the Value at Risk, Tail Value at Risk, and Adjusted Tail Value at Risk using the Peak Over Thresholdapproach in Extreme Value Theory Models.The results of the risk estimation research using the POT approach method, show that the higher the level of confidence and the chosen constant, the higher the value of Adj-TVaR presented. This value represents that the potential loss will be higher. The estimation results obtained that the VaR value is smaller than Adj-TVaR and Adj-TVaR is smaller than TVaR. This shows that Adj-TVaR is more efficient to use in terms of predicting risk value when compared to TVaR with the Peak Over Threshold approach
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Tijani, Sarafat Ayanfunke. "Determinants of utilisation of tomato value addition technology among beneficiaries in Oyo State, Nigeria." Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 55, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ats-2022-0018.
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Abstract Value addition is essential in the tomato value chain, especially in the wake of an increasing rate of tomato postharvest loss. Both governmental and non-governmental organisations have trained small-scale entrepreneurs on Tomato Value Addition Technology (TVAT). A dearth of information on the utilisation of TVAT necessitated this study. A two-stage sampling procedure was used to select 142 respondents. Data were elicited from respondents with the aid of a questionnaire and analysed using frequency counts, percentages, multiple linear regression, and multivariate probit model at α 0.05. The results revealed that most (54.9 %) of the respondents had a high level of knowledge on TVAT and a favourable attitude (60.6 %) towards TVAT. However, the level of utilisation of TVAT was low (69.7 %). Lack of funds (68.3 %), NAFDAC registration requirements (66.9 %), and high cost of processing equipment (57.0 %) were prominent constraints militating against utilisation of TVAT. Constraints to the utilisation of TVAT (β = −0.395), age (β = −0.022), and income (β = 0.095) determined the utilisation of TVAT. Membership in a cooperative society (β = 0.221), income (β = 0.375) and constraints (β = −0.213) predicted the utilisation of tomato paste. Educational qualification (β = 0.132), cooperative society (β = 0.059), income (β = 0.336), and knowledge of TVAT (β = 0.229) predicted the utilisation of ketchup. Age (β = −0.112), income (β = 0.026), years of experience (β = 0.031), knowledge of TVAT (β = 0.311), and constraints (β = −0.093) predicted the utilisation of puree, whereas factors associated with the utilisation of dry slice tomato technology, were age (β = 0.107), marital status (β = 0.050), household size (β = 0.042) and years of experience (β = 0.219). Adequate funding is a sine qua non to the sustainability of agricultural technologies. The study recommended the need for more training on the utilisation of the technology, encouragement to form cooperative groups to facilitate easy access to funds, and establishment of cottage industry among stakeholders.
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Sun, J. Q., M. R. Jolly, and M. A. Norris. "Passive, Adaptive and Active Tuned Vibration Absorbers—A Survey." Journal of Mechanical Design 117, B (June 1, 1995): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2836462.
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An overview of the recent development of tuned vibration absorbers (TVAs) for vibration and noise suppression is presented. The paper summarizes some popular theory for analysis and optimal tuning of these devices, discusses various design configurations, and presents some contemporary applications of passive TVAs. Furthermore, the paper also presents a brief discussion on the recent progress of adaptive and semi-active TVAs along with their on-line tuning strategies, and active and hybrid fail-safe TVAs.
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Sun, J. Q., M. R. Jolly, and M. A. Norris. "Passive, Adaptive and Active Tuned Vibration Absorbers—A Survey." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 117, B (June 1, 1995): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2838668.
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An overview of the recent development of tuned vibration absorbers (TVAs) for vibration and noise suppression is presented. The paper summarizes some popular theory for analysis and optimal tuning of these devices, discusses various design configurations, and presents some contemporary applications of passive TVAs. Furthermore, the paper also presents a brief discussion on the recent progress of adaptive and semi-active TVAs along with their on-line tuning strategies, and active and hybrid fail-safe TVAs.
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Reddy, G. Ravi Shankar, and Rameshwar Rao. "Instantaneous Frequency Estimation of Multi-Component Non- Stationary Signals using Fourier Bessel series and Time-Varying Auto Regressive Model." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 61, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 365–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eletel-2015-0048.
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Abstract In this paper, we propose a novel technique for Instantaneous Frequency (IF) estimation of multi component non stationary signals using Fourier Bessel Series and Time- Varying Auto Regressive (FB-TVAR) model. In the proposed technique, the Fourier-Bessel (FB) expansion decomposes the multi-component non stationary signal into a number of monocomponent signals and TVAR model is used to model each mono-component signal. In TVAR modeling approach the time varying parameters are expanded as a linear combination of basis functions. In this paper, the TVAR parameters are expanded by a discrete cosine basis functions. The maximum likelihood estimation algorithm for model order selection in TVAR models is also discussed. The Instantaneous Frequency (IF) is extracted from the time-varying parameters by calculating the angles of the estimation error filter polynomial roots. The estimation of the TVAR parameters of a multicomponent signal requires the inversion of a large covariance matrix, while the projected technique (FB-TVAR) requires the inversion of a number of comparatively small covariance matrices with better numerical stability properties. Simulation results are presented for Multi component discrete Amplitude and Frequency modulated (AM-FM) signal
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Malhotra, Ishan, Sakshi Sakshi, and Subhash Upadhyay. "CRITICAL STUDY OF TVAK IN THE VIEW OF MODERN SCIENCE: A REVIEW ARTICLE." International Ayurvedic Medical Journal 9, no. 8 (August 15, 2021): 1795–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.46607/iamj3109082021.
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In Ayurveda, the term Tvak, Twacha and Charma are frequently used to denote the skin. Tvak is described as the organ which covers the external surface of the entire body. Tvak and its related diseases have great importance because these are easily noticeable. It is the first part of the body that is in direct contact with any harmful sub- stances or infective microorganisms. It protects the internal structures of the body from injury or infections and regulates the temperature of the body. Skin is also the beauty of a human being. Therefore, it should be protected from any abnormal conditions. Ayurveda Acharyas have described Tvak many years ago. They explained each layer of Tvak in meaningful sequences, its related diseases and measurement of each layer. They also explained that it maintains the normal colour of individuals and conveys the sensation of touch. Some topics of Ayurveda are easy to understand, and some topics become easy if we study along with modern science. So, for a proper un- derstanding of the concept of Tvak, it is very essential to correlate it with modern science and elaborate according to the modern era. Keywords: Tvak, Sparshanendriya, Sharirsthan, Santanika, Vrihi, Skin, Dermis, Epidermis
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Shingleton, Justin T., Bruce M. Applegate, Aaron C. Nagel, Paul R. Bienkowski, and Gary S. Sayler. "Induction of the tod Operon by Trichloroethylene in Pseudomonas putida TVA8." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 12 (December 1, 1998): 5049–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.12.5049-5052.1998.
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ABSTRACT Bioluminescence, mRNA levels, and toluene degradation rates inPseudomonas putida TVA8 were measured as a function of various concentrations of toluene and trichloroethylene (TCE). TVA8 showed an increasing bioluminescence response to increasing TCE and toluene concentrations. Compared to uninduced TVA8 cultures,todC1 mRNA levels increased 11-fold for TCE-treated cultures and 13-fold for toluene-treated cultures. Compared to uninduced P. putida F1 cultures, todC1 mRNA levels increased 4.4-fold for TCE-induced cultures and 4.9-fold for toluene-induced cultures. Initial toluene degradation rates were linearly correlated with specific bioluminescence in TVA8 cultures.
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Dmitriev, S., A. Dobrov, D. Doronkov, V. Lyskova, A. Pronin, E. Rubtsova, A. Ryazanov, D. Solntsev, and A. Khrobostov. "FLUID DYNAMICS IN THE CORE OF A WWER REACTOR WITH TVSA OF VARIOUS DESIGNS." PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. SERIES: NUCLEAR AND REACTOR CONSTANTS 2020, no. 4 (December 26, 2020): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.55176/2414-1038-2020-4-148-157.
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The results of experimental studies of the interassembly interaction of coolant in VVER reactor core which consists of TVSA-T and upgraded TVSA are presented. The modeling of coolant flow in the fuel assembly (FA) was carried out on an aerodynamic stand. The studies were carried out on a fragment model of VVER reactor core and consisted in measuring the velocity vector modulus in the characteristic zones of both TVSA and interassembly space of VVER reactor core. The measurements were carried out by a five-channel pneumometric probe. An analysis of the spatial distribution of projections of the absolute flow velocity allowed to detail the pattern of flow-round by the coolant flow of spacer, mixing and combined spacer grids TVSA. The results of study of interassembly interaction of coolant between neighboring TVSA-T and upgraded TVSA were adopted for practical use by JSC “Afrikantov OKBM” in assessing heat engineering reliability of VVER reactor cores and are included in the data-base for verification of computational fluid dynamics programs (CFD codes) and detailed cellular calculation of VVER reactor core.
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Ayrapetyan, A. A., D. G. Gromov, S. A. Papoyan, D. V. Smyalovskiy, K. S. Asaturyan, S. S. Starikov, A. D. Zaytsev, and E. V. Tavlueva. "Traumatic injury of vertebral artery complicated by formation of a giant pseudoaneurysm of the V3 segment (clinical observation and literature review)." Russian journal of neurosurgery 25, no. 4 (January 27, 2024): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1683-3295-2023-25-4-87-95.
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Traumatic vertebral artery injury (TVAI) is a rare but severe pathology which can be associated both with penetrating injury of the neck and blunt or unclassified injury. Injury of the vertebral artery, especially due to gunshot or knife wounds, causes severe condition of the patients, development of a wide spectrum of complications including life-threatening, high rates of disabilities and mortality.There is no consensus on the treatment tactics for this pathology. Open surgery as the first stage of surgical intervention can be used in a limited number of cases. X-ray endovascular techniques of TVAI treatment are considered to be preferable.We present a clinical case of a 27‑year-old patient with TVAI caused by a penetrating gunshot wound of the neck and complicated by formation of a giant pseudoaneurysm of the V3 segment of the vertebral artery. Two-stage combination treatment of TVAI was performed using endovascular and open surgical techniques.Descriptions of TVAI cases are rare, and further accumulation and analysis of corresponding data and proposals on treatment of the patients with TVAI will help to formulate precise algorithms of doctors’ actions and optimize treatment tactics.
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Lukić, Stevo, and Mirjana Simić. "Cellular Positioning in an NLOS Environment Applying the COPSO-TVAC Algorithm." Electronics 11, no. 15 (July 23, 2022): 2300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11152300.
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Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) conditions are created by blocking the direct path between the transmitter and receiver, resulting in an increased signal propagation path. To mitigate the Time of Arrival (TOA) measured errors caused by the NLOS phenomenon in cellular radio positioning, we use the Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation method in this work. The cost function of the ML estimator is usually a high-dimensional, nonlinear, and multimodal function, where standard deterministic optimization techniques cannot solve such problems in real-time and without significant computing resources. In this paper, effective metaheuristic algorithms based on the enhanced variants of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) are applied for the optimal solution of the ML problem and efficiently determine the mobile station location. Time-Varying Acceleration Coefficients (TVAC) are introduced into the standard PSO algorithm to enhance the global search and convergence properties. The resulting algorithm is known as PSO-TVAC. To further improve the performance of the metaheuristic optimization, we suggest adding Chaos Search (CS), Opposition-Based Learning (OBL), and TVAC strategy to the PSO process. The simulation results show that the proposed metaheuristic algorithm named the Chaotic Opposition-based PSO-TVAC (COPSO-TVAC) can reach the Generalized Cramer–Rao Lower Bound (GCRLB) and surpass the original PSO, PSO-TVAC, and the presented conventional optimization algorithms.
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Ivanova, Daria Leonidovna, Augustus Kilgore, Jared Klarquist, and Ross Kedl. "The transcription factor T cell factor 1 (TCF1) expression is elevated in vaccine-elicited CD8+ T cells and negatively regulated by T-bet." Journal of Immunology 206, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2021): 102.02. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.102.02.
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Abstract T cells that express high levels of TCF1 display stem cell-like properties and give rise to effector-like cells that protect during chronic infections and cancer. Due to their increased responsiveness to checkpoint blockade, TCF1hi T cells are now recognized as promising targets for immunotherapies. We found that adjuvanted subunit vaccine-elicited T cells (Tvac) express significantly higher levels of TCF1 than T cells responding to infections (Tinf). In exploring the underlying causes for such high expression of TCF1 in Tvac, we examined the role of sustained TCR and inflammatory mediators in Tvac TCF1 regulation. Using Nr4a3-Tocky reporter mice and pMHCI antibody blockade, we found that TCR mediated signals regulate Tvac TCF1 to a limited degree. In line with previous reports, TCF1 expression in Tvac inversely correlated with adjuvant-elicited pro-inflammatory signals, increasing concomitantly with the rapid decline of cytokines after adjuvant administration. Further, the addition of TLR9 ligand CpG increased inflammatory cytokine production as it reduced TCF1 expression. However, in contrast to previous work, anti-IL-12 or anti-IFNγ treatment failed to reverse the lower TCF1 expression induced by CpG. More surprisingly, we found that Tvac TCF1 is regulated independently of Foxo1 even while Foxo1 plays its canonical role in facilitating TCF1 expression under inflammatory conditions. Inflammation does however negatively regulate TCF1 in a T-bet dependent manner, such that T-bet KO Tvac maintained high TCF1 expression even when inflammation was increased. Our data highlight differences in the transcriptional regulation of vaccine- and infection-elicited T cells and provide insights into the mechanism of TCF1 regulation.
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Chen, Haoyu, and Kun Fan. "Tail Value-at-Risk-Based Expectiles for Extreme Risks and Their Application in Distributionally Robust Portfolio Selections." Mathematics 11, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11010091.
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Empirical evidence suggests that financial risk has a heavy-tailed profile. Motivated by recent advances in the generalized quantile risk measure, we propose the tail value-at-risk (TVaR)-based expectile, which can capture the tail risk compared with the classic expectile. In addition to showing that the risk measure is well-defined, the properties of TVaR-based expectiles as risk measures were also studied. In particular, we give the equivalent characterization of the coherency. For extreme risks, usually modeled by a regularly varying survival function, the asymptotic expansion of a TVaR-based expectile (with respect to quantiles) was studied. In addition, motivated by recent advances in distributionally robust optimization in portfolio selections, we give the closed-form of the worst-case TVaR-based expectile based on moment information. Based on this closed form of the worst-case TVaR-based expectile, the distributionally robust portfolio selection problem is reduced to a convex quadratic program. Numerical results are also presented to illustrate the performance of the new risk measure compared with classic risk measures, such as tail value-at-risk-based expectiles.
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Kupermintz, Haggai. "Teacher Effects and Teacher Effectiveness: A Validity Investigation of the Tennessee Value Added Assessment System." Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 25, no. 3 (September 2003): 287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/01623737025003287.
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This article addresses the validity of teacher evaluation measures produced by the Tennessee Value Added Assessment System (TVAAS). The system analyzes student test score data and estimates the effects of individual teachers on score gains. These effects are used to construct teacher value-added measures of teaching effectiveness. We describe the process of generating teacher effectiveness estimates in TVAAS and discuss policy implications of using these estimates for accountability purposes. Specifically, the article examines the TVAAS definition of teacher effectiveness, the mechanism employed in calculating numerical estimates of teacher effectiveness, and the relationships between these estimates and student ability and socioeconomic background characteristics. Our validity analyses point to several logical and empirical weaknesses of the system, and underscore the need for a strong validation research program on TVAAS.
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Hokuto, Kadokura, Akihiko Ito, Teiichi Kimura, and Takashi Goto. "Effect of Precursor Supply on (100) and (001) Orientations of α-Al2O3 Film Prepared by Laser CVD." Key Engineering Materials 508 (March 2012): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.508.3.
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Α-Al2O3 Films Were Prepared by Laser Chemical Vapor Deposition and the Effects of Precursor Evaporation Temperature (Tvap) and Oxygen Gas Flow Rate (FRo) on Phase and Orientation of Al2o3 Films Were Investigated. at Tvap = 413 K, (100)-Oriented α-Al2O3 and θ-Al2O3 Were Codeposited. the Amount of θ-Al2O3 Increased with Increasing FRo. at Tvap = 433–443 K, α-Al2O3 Films Showed a (001) Orientation. (100)- and (001)-Oriented α-Al2O3 Films Had a Rectangular- and Hexagonal-Shaped Grains, Respectively, and Showed a Columnar in Cross Section. Grain Size of (100)- and (001)-Oriented α-Al2O3 Films Decreased from 10 to 2 μm with Increasing FRo from 0.085 to 0.85 Pa m3 s−1. Deposition Rate Increased from 100 to 300 μm h−1 with Increasing Tvap from 413 to 443 K.
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Kennedy, A. D., R. D. Bergen, R. J. Christopherson, N. D. Glover, and J. A. Small. "Effect of once daily 5-h or 10-h cold-exposures on body temperature and resting heat production of beef cattle." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 85, no. 2 (June 1, 2005): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a04-021.
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Twelve yearling crossbred beef heifers weighing 454 ± 31 kg were randomly assigned to either 0 h (control), 5 h (5CE; 0800 to 1300) or 10 h (10CE; 0800 to 1800) of cold exposure (-20°C) daily to determine the effect of daily cold exposures of different durations on body core temperature and resting heat production of beef cattle. Treatments were imposed for a 21-d period (seven intervals of 3 d duration) using two replications with two heifers per treatment × replication combination. Heifers were group housed outdoors in a pen with overhead shade at one end and were moved daily at 0800 to a group pen in either a control room or an environmental chamber set at -20°C. After the 21-d period was completed, resting heat production was measured in a thermal neutral environment for 5 h. Vaginal temperature (Tvag) was continuously monitored using radiotransmitters. Treatment did not affect daily maximum, mean or minimum Tvag, the amount of time spent at Tvag exceeding daily mean Tvag, or the variability of Tvag (P ≥ 0.29). However, when examined within specific phases of the day, treatment effects on Tvag were found. Tvag was elevated 0.24°C (5CE) and 0.35°C (10CE) during the daily first 5 h of cold-exposure (10CE = 5CE > control; P = 0.02) throughout the entire 21-d trial. During other times of the day there was no effect of treatment on Tvag but treatment × interval was significant (P ≤ 0.02) during the 6–10 h from initiation of cold-exposure when the 10CE group remained in the cold but the 5CE group had been returned to the outdoor pen. The Tvag of the 10CE and 5CE heifers was elevated at this time of day compared to control heifers, but only during the first 4 to 6 d (5CE) or 7 to 9 d (10CE) of the trial. These results indicate that thermoregulatory mechanisms that control core body temperature undergo habituation and the timecourse of habituation depends on the duration of daily cold- exposure. Resting heat production was unaffected by the two durations of cold-exposure examined (P = 0.55), suggesting that metabolic acclimation does not occur in response to intermittent cold-exposure of beef cattle. Key words: Beef heifers, vaginal temperature, resting heat production, environment, cold duration
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Juwet, Thibault, Geert Luyckx, Alfredo Lamberti, Frank Creemers, Eli Voet, and Jeroen Missinne. "Monitoring of Composite Structures for Re-Usable Space Applications Using FBGs: The Influence of Low Earth Orbit Conditions." Sensors 24, no. 1 (January 4, 2024): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24010306.
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Fiber Bragg grating sensors (FBGs) are promising for structural health monitoring (SHM) of composite structures in space owing to their lightweight nature, resilience to harsh environments, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. In this paper, we investigated the influence of low Earth orbit (LEO) conditions on the integrity of composite structures with embedded optical fiber sensors, specifically FBGs. The LEO conditions were simulated by subjecting carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) coupons to 10 cycles of thermal conditioning in a vacuum (TVac). Coupons with embedded optical fibers (OFs) or capillaries were compared with reference coupons without embedded OFs or capillaries. Embedded capillaries were necessary to create in situ temperature sensors. Tensile and compression tests were performed on these coupons, and the interlaminar shear strength was determined to assess the influence of TVac conditioning on the integrity of the composite. Additionally, a visual inspection of the cross-sections was conducted. The impact on the proper functioning of the embedded FBGs was tested by comparing the reflection spectra before and after TVac conditioning and by performing tensile tests in which the strain measured using the embedded FBGs was compared with the output of reference strain sensors applied after TVac conditioning. The measured strain of the embedded FBGs showed excellent agreement with the reference sensors, and the reflection spectra did not exhibit any significant degradation. The results of the mechanical testing and visual inspection revealed no degradation of the structural integrity when comparing TVac-conditioned coupons with non-TVac-conditioned coupons of the same type. Consequently, it was concluded that TVac conditioning does not influence the functionality of the embedded FBGs or the structural integrity of the composite itself. Although in this paper FBG sensors were tested, the results can be extrapolated to other sensing techniques based on optical fibers.
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Rex, Art, Leah Greden Mathews, and Anne Lancaster. "TVAL-Farm." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 3, no. 3 (July 2012): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jagr.2012070104.
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The Total Value Assessment Tool for Farmland (TVAL-Farm) is a tool which incorporates scenic quality and cultural heritage elements to create an enhanced Land Evaluation and Site Assessment (LESA) model. The enhancement of the LESA model provides insight and a framework on how to collect and incorporate qualitative public values within the quantitative environment of a Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Inclusion of these public values is essential for holistically valuing land parcels and using LESA to make land protection decisions.
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Thompson, Scott Beckett, Daria Leonidovna Ivanova, Jared Klarquist, and Ross Kedl. "Vaccine-elicited T cells adopt an early memory-like transcriptional phenotype distinct from infection-elicited T cells." Journal of Immunology 206, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2021): 102.01. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.102.01.
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Abstract Protection from pathogens relies on both humoral (antibody-mediated) and cellular (T cell-mediated) responses. While infections robustly elicit both of these types of immunity, currently approved vaccine adjuvants largely fail to induce significant T cell responses. However, recent work by our lab and others suggests that the mechanisms governing vaccine-elicited T cells (Tvac) may be substantially different than those governing infection-elicited T cells (Tinf). We have recently demonstrated that optimal subunit vaccine-elicited T cell responses rely on different cytokine signals (IL-27 and 15) and metabolic function (oxidative phosphorylation vs. aerobic glycolysis) leading to phenotypically and functionally different outcomes (memory vs. effector). Our goal was to investigate the transcriptional programming that drives Tvac formation and function from immunization to memory timepoints. Using a single-cell RNA-seq approach along with functional assays, we compared Tvac and Tinf at various time points post-immunization or infectious challenge. Our data indicate that the gene expression of Tvac markedly diverges from Tinf at early and peak time points. Remarkably, while capable of being highly proliferative, Tvac adopt a distinct transcriptional phenotype with similarities to recently identified self-renewing stem cell memory T cells, such as TCF1 expression. This transcriptional program likely enables the persistence of Tvac in substantially greater abundance at memory time points conferring overall greater protection. Taken together, our data have identified a novel transcriptional program that supports a robust vaccine-elicited T cell response with implications for future therapeutic vaccine design.
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Thompson, Scott Beckett, Daria Leonidovna Ivanova, Jared Klarquist, James Scott-Browne, and Ross M. Kedl. "Vaccine-elicited T cells rely on a distinct transcriptional program from infection-elicited T cells." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2020): 166.18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.166.18.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Protection from pathogens relies on both humoral (antibody-mediated) and cellular (T cell-mediated) responses. While infections robustly elicit both of these types of immunity, currently approved vaccine adjuvants largely fail to induce significant T cell responses. However, recent work by our lab and others suggests that the mechanisms governing vaccine-elicited T cells (Tvac) may be substantially different than those governing infection-elicited T cells (Tinf). We have recently demonstrated that optimal subunit vaccine-elicited T cell responses rely on different cytokine signals (IL-27 and 15) and metabolic function (oxidative phosphorylation vs. aerobic glycolysis) leading to phenotypically and functionally different outcomes (memory vs. effector). Our goal was to investigate the transcriptional programming that promotes Tvac formation. Using a combined ATACseq, bulk RNA-seq and single-cell RNA-seq approach, we compared Tvac and Tinf at various time points post-immunization or infectious challenge. Our data indicate that the chromatin organization and gene expression of Tvac markedly diverges from Tinf even at early time points. Furthermore, single-cell analysis indicates that Tvac represent a unique subset of activated/memory T cells, distinct from Tinf. Remarkably, while displaying a gene signature similar to highly proliferative cells, Tvac also share transcriptional properties with recently identified stem cell memory T cells, such as oxidative phosphorylation and transcription factor TCF1 gene signatures. Taken together, our data have identified a novel transcriptional program that supports a robust vaccine-elicited T cell response with implications for future therapeutic vaccine design.
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Caha, Vojtech, and Jiří Čížek. "LATERAL COOLANT FLOW BETWEEN FUEL ASSEMBLIES IN MIXED CORES." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 14 (May 17, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2018.14.0001.
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This paper presents the results of an analysis of lateral coolant flow between adjacent fuel assemblies with non-identical spacing grids in a mixed core consisting of TVSA-T mod.1 and TVSA-T mod.2 fuel assemblies. The calculation was carried out using modified subchannel code SUBCAL which allows to calculate 3D thermo-hydraulic characteristics of the coolant flow in the full three fuel assemblies model. This full three fuel assemblies model was created in two variants. The first variant consisted of three hydraulically identical fuel assemblies TVSA-T mod.1, whereas the second variant consisted of two fuel assemblies TVSA-T mod.1 and one fuel assembly TVSA-T mod.2 which mainly differ in types, number and axial coordinate of spacing grids and also in diameter of guide tubes. The influence of mixed core to lateral coolant flow and hence coolant temperature was obtained by comparing these two variants. The power distribution was taken from presumed mixed core fuel reload calculated by macro-code ANDREA. Finally there were also provided a comparison of results achieved by subchannel analysis approach with calculation of similar problem using CFD code ANSYS CFX by TVEL, the fuel supplier.
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Dmitriev, S. M., A. V. Gerasimov, A. A. Dobrov, D. V. Doronkov, A. N. Pronin, A. V. Ryazanov, D. N. Solntsev, and A. E. Khrobostov. "Investigation of Coolant Local Hydrodynamics in the Mixed Core of the VVER Reactor." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 63, no. 2 (March 27, 2020): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2020-63-2-151-162.
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The article presents the results of experimental studies of the local hydrodynamics of the coolant flow in the mixed core of the VVER reactor, consisting of the TVSA-T and TVSA-T mod.2 fuel assemblies. Modeling of the flow of the coolant flow in the fuel rod bundle was carried out on an aerodynamic test stand. The research was carried out on a model of a fragment of a mixed core of a VVER reactor consisting of one TVSA-T segment and two segments of the TVSA-T.mod2. The flow pressure fields were measured with a five-channel pneumometric probe. The flow pressure field was converted to the direction and value of the coolant velocity vector according to the dependencies obtained during calibration. To obtain a detailed data of the flow, a characteristic cross-section area of the model was selected, including the space cross flow between fuel assemblies and four rows of fuel rods of each of the TVSA fuel assemblies. In the framework of this study the analysis of the spatial distribution of the projections of the velocity of the coolant flow was fulfilled that has made it possible to pinpoint regularities that are intrinsic to the coolant flowing around spacing, mixing and combined spacing grates of the TVSA. Also, the values of the transverse flow of the coolant caused by the flow along hydraulically nonidentical grates were determined and their localization in the longitudinal and cross sections of the experimental model was revealed. Besides, the effect of accumulation of hydrodynamic flow disturbances in the longitudinal and cross sections of the model caused by the staggered arrangement of hydraulically non-identical grates was determined. The results of the study of the coolant cross flow between fuel assemblies interaction, i.e. between the adjacent TVSA-T and TVSA-T mod.2 fuel assemblies were adopted for practical use in the JSC of “Afrikantov OKB Mechanical Engineering” for assessing the heat engineering reliability of VVER reactor cores; also, they were included in the database for verification of computational hydrodynamics programs (CFD codes) and for detailed cell-based calculation of the reactor core.
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Richards, Tara N., and Angela R. Gover. "Domestic Violence Offender Treatment and Multidisciplinary Treatment Teams: The Role of “Treatment” Victim Advocates." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 4 (August 16, 2016): 851–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x16663890.
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In Colorado, “treatment victim advocates” (TVAs) serve alongside providers and probation/parole officers on “multidisciplinary treatment teams” (MTTs) to oversee domestic violence offender’s treatment. Although this model provides an opportunity for victim safety concerns to be heard, the utility of using victim advocates as advisors regarding interventions for domestic violence offenders has yet to be studied. Using survey data and narrative responses from TVAs ( N = 37), the current study examines the challenges and opportunities TVAs face while serving on MTTs. Results suggest that, overall, TVAs are successful in communicating with other members of the MTT, are confident that their perspectives are valued in the offender decision-making process, and are able to provide a wide variety of services and referrals to the victims with whom they are engaged. Implications and recommendations for the Colorado model as well as correctional professionals managing domestic violence offenders internationally are presented and discussed.
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Yu, Xuemei, Qing-Yin Wang, Ying Guo, Klavs Dolmer, John A. T. Young, Peter G. W. Gettins, and Lijun Rong. "Kinetic Analysis of Binding Interaction between the Subgroup A Rous Sarcoma Virus Glycoprotein SU and Its Cognate Receptor Tva: Calcium Is Not Required for Ligand Binding." Journal of Virology 77, no. 13 (July 1, 2003): 7517–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.13.7517-7526.2003.
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ABSTRACT Tva is the receptor for subgroup A Rous sarcoma virus, and it contains a single LDL-A module which is the site of virus interaction. In this study, we expressed the entire extracellular region of Tva (referred to as Ecto-Tva) as a GST fusion protein and characterized its refolding properties. We demonstrated that the correct folding of the Ecto-Tva protein, like that of the Tva LDL-A module, is calcium dependent. We used the IAsys system to measure the kinetics of binding between the surface (SU) subunit of the viral glycoprotein and Tva in real time. We found that the Ecto-Tva protein and the Tva LDL-A module displayed similar affinities for SU, providing direct evidence that the LDL-A module of Tva is the only viral interaction domain of the receptor. Furthermore, misfolded Tva proteins displayed lower binding affinities to SU, largely due to a decrease in their association rates, suggesting that a high association rate between SU and Tva is crucial for efficient virus-host interaction. Furthermore, we found that calcium did not influence the overall binding affinity between Tva and SU. These results indicate that, although calcium is important in facilitating correct folding of the LDL-A module of Tva, it is not essential for ligand binding. Thus, these results may have broad implications for the mechanism of protein folding and ligand recognition of the LDL receptor and other members of the LDL receptor superfamily.
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Xu, Tongren, Sayed M. Bateni, Steven A. Margulis, Lisheng Song, Shaomin Liu, and Ziwei Xu. "Partitioning Evapotranspiration into Soil Evaporation and Canopy Transpiration via a Two-Source Variational Data Assimilation System." Journal of Hydrometeorology 17, no. 9 (September 1, 2016): 2353–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-15-0178.1.
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Abstract The primary objective of this study is to assess the accuracy of the two-source variational data assimilation (TVDA) system for partitioning evapotranspiration (ET) into soil evaporation (ETS) and canopy transpiration (ETC). Its secondary aim is to compare performance of the TVDA system with the commonly used two-source surface energy balance (TSEB) method. A combination of eddy-covariance-based ET observations and stable-isotope-based measurements of the ratio of evaporation and transpiration to total evapotranspiration (ETS/ET and ETC/ET) over an irrigated cropland site (the so-called Daman site) in the middle reach of the Heihe River basin (northwestern China) was used to investigate these objectives. The results indicate that the TVDA method predicts ETS and ETC more accurately than TSEB. Root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) of midday (1300–1500 LT) averaged soil and canopy latent heat flux (LES and LEC) estimates from TVDA are 23.1 and 133.0 W m−2, respectively. Corresponding RMSE values from TSEB are 41.9 and 156.0 W m−2. Compared to TSEB, the TVDA method takes advantage of all of the information in land surface temperature observations in the estimation period by leveraging a dynamic model (the heat diffusion equation) and thus can generate more accurate LES and LEC estimates.
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Candrasuari, Ni Luh Putu Diah Ayu, I. Wayan Sumarjaya, and Kartika Sari. "ESTIMASI TAIL VALUE AT RISK SAHAM BLUE CHIPS MENGGUNAKAN COPULA ALI-MIKHAIL-HAQ." Jurnal Cahaya Mandalika ISSN 2721-4796 (online) 5, no. 1 (January 14, 2024): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.36312/jcm.v5i1.2142.
Full textAbstract:
When making investments, investors definitely want high returns with low risk. However, high returns are usually accompanied by high risks and vice versa. Value at Risk (VaR) and other measurement tools help manage risk. VaR measures possible losses. However, VaR has weaknesses, thus Tail Value at Risk (TVaR) can be used to evaluate the likelihood of larger losses than VaR. Copula can be used in risk management because it does not require normal distribution assumptions so it is well applied to financial data. The purpose of this research is to use the Ali-Mikhail-Haq copula to estimate TVaR value of blue chip stock portfolios, including those of BRI, BCA, and Bank Mandiri. Data used is the closing price of daily stocks for the period Jan 1 2021 to Jun 30 2023. The results of calculating TVaR value at the 90%, 95%, and 99% confidence level of the combination of BMRI and BBRI stocks are 0,0574; 0,0668; dan 0,0807. At a confidence level of 90%, 95% and 99% TVaR value of the combination of BMRI and BBCA stocks is 0,0569; 0,0669; dan 0,0886. The combination of BBRI and BBCA stocks resulted in TVaR at 90%, 95% and 99% confidence levels are 0,0238; 0,0283; 0,0376.
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Fang, Ying, Lu Wang, Zhongfeng Qu, and Wenguang Yu. "Pareto-Optimal Reinsurance Revisited: A Two-Stage Optimisation Procedure Approach." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (September 29, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3061298.
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In this paper, based on the Tail-Value-at-Risk (TVaR) measure, we revisit the Pareto-optimal reinsurance policies for the insurer and the reinsurer via a two-stage optimisation procedure. To reduce ex-post moral hazard, we assume that reinsurance contracts satisfy the principle of indemnity and the incentive compatible constraint which have been advocated by Huberman et al. (1983). We show that the Pareto-optimal reinsurance policy exists if the reinsurance premiums can be expressed as an integral form. The proposed class of premium principles encompasses the net premium principle, expected value premium principle, TVaR premium principle, generalized percentile premium principle, and so on. We further use the TVaR premium principle and the expected value premium principle as examples to illustrate the two-stage optimisation procedure by deriving explicitly the Pareto-optimal reinsurance policies. We extend the results by Cai et al. (2017) when the expected value premium principle is replaced by the TVaR premium principle.
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Lin, Whei Min, Chia Sheng Tu, Ming Tang Tsai, and Fu Sheng Cheng. "Application of TVAC-PSO for Optimal Taiwan Power Dispatch with Carbon Emission Control." Applied Mechanics and Materials 681 (October 2014): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.681.270.
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This paper integrated the Particle Swarm Optimization and time-varying inertia weight model to propose a Time-Varying Acceleration Coefficients in Particle Swarm Optimization (TVAC-PSO) for dealing with the emission-constrained dynamic economic dispatch (ED) problems. The objective function of Taiwan power dispatch with emission considerations includes the sub-objective functions of operating cost and emissions. The objective function of emissions is estimated by IPCC. TVAC-PSO is used to find the objective function under the operational and system’s constraints. The effectiveness and efficiency of the TVAC-PSO are demonstrated by using a simplified Taiwan power system. It can also provide an interactive mechanism to adjust the emission permit.
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Bilodid, Ye, and Yu Kovbasenko. "Some Characteristics of Hypothetic TVSA with Fuel Enriched beyond 5% for VVER1000." Nuclear and Radiation Safety, no. 2(70) (May 20, 2016): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32918/nrs.2016.2(70).05.
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The paper presents comparison of regular TVSA with average enrichment of 4,386% and hypothetical TVSA with enrichment of 10% based on design parameters and materials of TVSA fuel assemblies produced by TVEL (Russia), which today are widely used at nuclear power plants in Ukraine. It is shown that implementation of new fuel assemblies will result in improved use of fuel and increase of installed capability factor. At the same time, fresh and spent fuel management systems shall be modernized to meet relevant nuclear safety criteria. The paper analyzes possible criticality initiation at different stages of severe accidents related to core melt and using fuel with higher enrichment.
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Beck, Nicholas, and Mélina Mailhot. "A consistent estimator to the orthant-based tail value-at-risk." ESAIM: Probability and Statistics 22 (2018): 163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ps/2018015.
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In this paper, we address the estimation of multivariate value-at-risk (VaR) and tail value-at-risk (TVaR). We recall definitions for the bivariate lower and upper orthant VaR and bivariate lower and upper orthant TVaR, presented in Cossette et al. [Eur. Actuar. J. 3 (2013) 321–357 or Methodol. Comput. Appl. Probab. (2014) 1–22]. Here, we present estimators for both these measures extended to an arbitrary dimension d ≥ 2 and establish the consistency of our estimator for the lower and upper orthant TVaR in any dimension. We demonstrate these results by providing numerical examples that compare our estimator to theoretical results for both simulated and real data.
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Kitchens, Carl. "A Dam Problem: TVA's Fight Against Malaria, 1926–1951." Journal of Economic History 73, no. 3 (August 9, 2013): 694–724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050713000582.
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The TVA has been applauded for its anti-malaria programs in the Southeast during the 1930s and 1940s. However, the TVA developed their anti-malaria programs because they created lakes suitable for mosquito breeding. To estimate the relationship between the TVA and malaria, I construct a county-level panel data from the Southeast United States. I find that the net effect of the TVA was to increase malaria rates following its construction. Using statistical life value estimates, I find that the hidden malaria cost of the TVA offset 24 percent of the fiscal stimulus multiplier generated by the TVA.
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Herrmann, Klaus, Marius Hofert, and Mélina Mailhot. "MULTIVARIATE GEOMETRIC TAIL- AND RANGE-VALUE-AT-RISK." ASTIN Bulletin 50, no. 1 (October 21, 2019): 265–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asb.2019.31.
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AbstractA generalization of range-value-at-risk (RVaR) and tail-value-at-risk (TVaR) for d-dimensional distribution functions is introduced. Properties of these new risk measures are studied and illustrated. We provide special cases, applications and a comparison with traditional univariate and multivariate versions of the TVaR and RVaR.
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Miljković, Ivo. "Kemijski sastav 40 sorti jabuke uzgajanih u Gornjem Međimurju." Pomologia Croatica 24, no. 1-4 (August 17, 2021): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33128/pc.24.1-4.3.
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Na području Gornjeg Međimurja kultura jabuke ima dugu i slavnu tradiciju. U uzgoju je proširen velik broj domaćih i udomaćenih sorti. Tome su pridonijeli povoljni ekološki uvjeti i širenje sortimenta iz Republičkog voćno-loznog rasadnika Vukanovec. Za oplemenjivanje jabuke potrebno je imati bogatu germoplazmu i poznavati biološka i gospodarska svojstva sorti. U radu se iznose rezultati istraživanja kemijskog sastava i kvalitete plodova 40 sorti. Istraživanja su obuhvatila: suhu tvar, topivu suhu tvar, ukupne šećere, ukupne kiseline, pH vrijednost i ocjenu kvalitete po Thiault indeksu. Od sorti su obuhvaćene: Ananas reneta, Baumanova reneta, Batulemka, Bijela zimska tafetica, Bjeličnik, Blenheimska, Bobovac, Boskoop, Božićnica, Cox's orange, Crvena jesenska rebrača, Danciška rebrača, Funtača, Golden Delicious, Gravenstein, Harbertova reneta, Jonathan, Kanadska reneta, Kaselska reneta, Krivopeteljka, Landzberška reneta, Laška trdika, London pepping, Ljepocvjetka, Mašanka, Ontario, Ovčji nos, Parker pepping, Ramburka, Red Delicious, Ribston pepping, Siva francuska reneta, Siva jesenska reneta, Starking, Stožerka, Šampanjska reneta, Šarlamovski, Zeleni štetinac, Zlatna zimska parmenka, i Željeznika. U odnosu na: suhu tvar (%), topivu suhu tvar (%), ukupne šećere (%), količinu kiseline (g/l) i Thiaultov indeks podijeljene su sorte u skupine. Najveću suhu tvar (iznad 17%) imaju sorte: Blenheimska, Boskoop, Harbertova reneta, Kanadska reneta, Parker pepping, Ribston pepping, Siva francuska reneta i Siva jesenska reneta. Najveću topivu suhu tvar (iznad 15%) imaju sorte: Baumanova reneta, Harbertova reneta, Kaselska reneta, Landzberška, Bobovac, Ljepocvjetka, Božićnica, Danciška rebrača i Batulemka. Najviše šećera (od 13 - 15%) sadrže sorte: Blenheimska, Siva jesenska reneta, Siva francuska, Ribston pepping, Parker pepping, Boskoop, Kanadska reneta, Harbertova reneta, Ljepocvjetka, Zlatna zimska parmenka, Golden Delicious i Mašanka. Najviše kiseline (preko 7 g/l) sadrže sorte: Bjeličnik, Ontario, Boskoop, Crvena jesenska rebrača, Kanadska reneta, Laška trdika, Mašanka i Stožerka. Najbolju kvalitetu (Thiault indeks iznad 170) imaju sorte: Ribston pepping, Siva jesenska reneta, Parker pepping, Boskoop, Siva francuska reneta, Kanadska reneta i Crvena jesenska rebrača.
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Ivanova, Daria Leonidovna, Augustus Kilgore, Jared Klarquist, Scott Thompson, and Ross Kedl. "Inflammation suppresses elevated TCF1 and FOXO1 expression in vaccine-elicited T cells." Journal of Immunology 208, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2022): 122.28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.122.28.
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Abstract T cells that express TCF1 display self-renewing capacity and are essential for the long-term T cell response during chronic infections and cancer. Due to their increased responsiveness to checkpoint blockade, TCF1+ T cells are recognized as promising targets for immunotherapies. We found that, in contrast to T cells responding to infections (Tinf), the majority of adjuvanted subunit vaccine-elicited T cells (Tvac) rapidly acquired a memory phenotype (CD127hi) and were TCF1hi. This suggests that Tvacs could be programmed by TCF1 to commit to a memory cell fate. We found that Tvac peak and memory responses were more compromised in the absence of TCF1 than those of Tinf. However, TCF1 KO Tvacs still developed memory, suggesting that additional factors were involved. FOXO1 is important for T cell memory after infections. We found that Tvacs expressed more FOXO1 than Tinfs. In contrast to Tinf, FOXO1 was required for both the peak and memory Tvac responses. Moreover, even though FOXO1 drives TCF1 in Tinfs, Tvacs expressed TCF1 independently of FOXO1. To explore the cause for such high expression of TCF1 and FOXO1 in Tvacs, we next examined the role of inflammatory mediators in their regulation. Tvac TCF1 and FOXO1 inversely correlated with adjuvant-elicited pro-inflammatory signals. Moreover, addition of pro-inflammatory TLR9 ligand CpG reduced Tvac TCF1, FOXO1 and memory. In contrast to prior reports, anti-IL-12 failed to reverse the effect of CpG on Tvacs. Anti-IFNγ, however, restored the Tvac memory phenotype even as CpG drove additional inflammatory mediators. Our data highlight the differences in the transcriptional regulation of vaccine- and infection-elicited T cells and provide insights into the mechanisms regulating TCF1 and FOXO1. Supported by grants from NIH (T32 AI074491, R01 AI066121)
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Zia, Yasaman, Jeffrey Wiener, Margaret Christine Snead, John Papp, Christi Phillips, Lisa Flowers, Natalie Medley-Singh, Elizabeth C. Costenbader, Tina Hylton-Kong, and Athena P. Kourtis. "Assessing prevalence of missed laboratory-confirmed sexually transmitted infections among women in Kingston, Jamaica: results from a secondary analysis of the Sino-Implant clinical trial." BMJ Open 8, no. 4 (April 2018): e019913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019913.
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ObjectivesTo assess potentially missed sexually transmitted infections (STIs), we compared clinically diagnosed STIs to laboratory-confirmed diagnoses of gonorrhoea (GC), chlamydia (CT) and trichomonas (Tvag).DesignSecondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial.SettingWe used data and specimens previously collected for the Sino-Implant Study in Kingston, Jamaica.ParticipantsThe Sino-Implant Study randomised 414 women to receive a levonorgestrel implant at either baseline or 3 months post-enrolment to evaluate unprotected sex after implant initiation. This analysis used 254 available vaginal swab samples.Outcome measuresClinically diagnosed STIs were determined from medical records by assessing clinical impressions and prescriptions. Laboratory-confirmed STIs included GC, CT and Tvag tested by Aptima Combo 2 for CT/GC and Aptima Tvag assays (Hologic, San Diego, California, USA). Log-binomial regression models fit with generalised estimating equations were used to estimate associations of clinically diagnosed STIs with laboratory-confirmed diagnoses and demographic and behavioural characteristics.ResultsOverall, 195 (76.8%) women had laboratory-confirmed STI (CT, GC or Tvag) while only 65 (25.6%) women had clinically diagnosed cervicitis and/or vaginitis during the study period. Clinical diagnosis missed 79.7% of laboratory-confirmed STIs: 85% of GC (n=17/20), 78.8% of CT (n=141/179) and 80.0% of Tvag (n=180/225). Hormonal contraceptive use in the month prior to the study visit was significantly associated with clinical diagnosis at any time point (prevalence ratio (PR): 1.65, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.54). As age increased, clinically missed infections significantly decreased (PR: 0.98 per year increase, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.00).ConclusionsThe prevalence of laboratory-confirmed STIs was much higher than what was captured by clinical diagnosis. GC, CT and Tvag were not accurately detected without lab confirmation. Missed diagnoses decreased with older age. Increased laboratory capacity and refinement of the syndromic approach are needed to protect the health of sexually active Jamaican women.Trial registration numberNCT01684358.
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Cai, Jun, and Tiantian Mao. "RISK MEASURES DERIVED FROM A REGULATOR’S PERSPECTIVE ON THE REGULATORY CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS FOR INSURERS." ASTIN Bulletin 50, no. 3 (July 22, 2020): 1065–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asb.2020.22.
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AbstractIn this study, we propose new risk measures from a regulator’s perspective on the regulatory capital requirements. The proposed risk measures possess many desired properties, including monotonicity, translation-invariance, positive homogeneity, subadditivity, nonnegative loading, and stop-loss order preserving. The new risk measures not only generalize the existing, well-known risk measures in the literature, including the Dutch, tail value-at-risk (TVaR), and expectile measures, but also provide new approaches to generate feasible and practical coherent risk measures. As examples of the new risk measures, TVaR-type generalized expectiles are investigated in detail. In particular, we present the dual and Kusuoka representations of the TVaR-type generalized expectiles and discuss their robustness with respect to the Wasserstein distance.
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Ivanova, Daria Leonidovna, Augustus Kilgore, Scott Thompson, and Ross Kedl. "The regulation of transcription factor T cell factor 1 (TCF1) in vaccine-elicited CD8+ T cells." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2020): 169.12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.169.12.
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Abstract Our lab has developed a subunit vaccination regimen that induces a highly robust T cell response. These vaccine-elicited CD8+ T cells (Tvac) are phenotypically, functionally and metabolically distinct from infection-elicited CD8+ T cells (Tinf). In contrast to Tinf, almost all Tvac rapidly acquire a memory phenotype (CD127hi, KLRG1lo). This suggests that Tvac could be differentially transcriptionally programmed to commit to a memory, rather than effector, cell fate. The transcription factor TCF1 (encoded by tcf7) is essential for CD8+ T cell memory in response to infection. Since high TCF1 expression is also important for the generation of stem-like T cells with long-term survival capacity and anti-tumor properties, it is now recognized as a promising target for immunotherapies. However, little is known about how TCF1 is regulated in response to subunit vaccination. We find that, in striking contrast to Tinf, TCF1 expression is actually increased in Tvac after vaccination. As others have shown, we also find that increasing inflammation during vaccination by the addition of TLR9 agonist CpG reduces TCF1 expression in Tvac, skewing their memory phenotype towards the effector phenotype (CD127lo, KLRG1hi) and compromising their long-term memory. While the loss of TCF1 in this context has conventionally been ascribed to inflammatory receptors, utilizing reporter Nur77GFP mice, we also observe an altered duration and frequency of TCR triggering in the context of inflammation. Our data indicates a complex, previously unappreciated interplay between inflammatory and TCR-mediated signals in the regulation of TCF1.
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Koslová, Anna, Pavel Trefil, Jitka Mucksová, Veronika Krchlíková, Jiří Plachý, Jakub Krijt, Markéta Reinišová, et al. "Knock-Out of Retrovirus Receptor Gene Tva in the Chicken Confers Resistance to Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroups A and K and Affects Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)-Dependent Level of Methylmalonic Acid." Viruses 13, no. 12 (December 14, 2021): 2504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13122504.
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The chicken Tva cell surface protein, a member of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family, has been identified as an entry receptor for avian leukosis virus of classic subgroup A and newly emerging subgroup K. Because both viruses represent an important concern for the poultry industry, we introduced a frame-shifting deletion into the chicken tva locus with the aim of knocking-out Tva expression and creating a virus-resistant chicken line. The tva knock-out was prepared by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in chicken primordial germ cells and orthotopic transplantation of edited cells into the testes of sterilized recipient roosters. The resulting tva −/− chickens tested fully resistant to avian leukosis virus subgroups A and K, both in in vitro and in vivo assays, in contrast to their susceptible tva +/+ and tva +/− siblings. We also found a specific disorder of the cobalamin/vitamin B12 metabolism in the tva knock-out chickens, which is in accordance with the recently recognized physiological function of Tva as a receptor for cobalamin in complex with transcobalamin transporter. Last but not least, we bring a new example of the de novo resistance created by CRISPR/Cas9 editing of pathogen dependence genes in farm animals and, furthermore, a new example of gene editing in chicken.