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1
Myers, Andrew T., and James P. Gibbs. "Landscape-level Factors Influencing Bog Turtle Persistence and Distribution in Southeastern New York State." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2013): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/052012-jfwm-044.
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Abstract The bog turtle Glyptemys muhlenbergii is a highly endangered species inhabiting freshwater wetlands of the eastern United States. Habitat degradation is considered one of the chief causes of bog turtle declines. Most of the studies investigating habitat requirements of bog turtles focus on intrawetland influences on bog turtle habitat, but few have explored landscape-level drivers of bog turtle distribution. To better understand causes of bog turtle declines, we combined bog turtle occurrence records with geographic data to contrast 12 landscape variables among wetlands containing extant populations of bog turtles (n = 65) and 500 nearby and 500 distant, randomly located wetlands in southeastern New York State. In contrast to randomly chosen wetlands, bog turtles have persisted in relatively large, open-canopy wetlands (typically >0.42 ha) within large watersheds (typically >13.54 ha), in wetlands with more numerous stream connections, and more often in wetlands positioned atop carbonaceous rock types. Wetlands occurring within carbonaceous surficial geological settings may be more resistant to bog turtle habitat degradation and hence likely to support more persistent populations of bog turtles. Our findings that geomorphic features and intrawetland vegetation are the most useful predictors of bog turtle occurrence and persistence in southeastern New York State are important for generating more detailed hypotheses regarding drivers of bog turtle declines and are also helpful for prioritizing sites for bog turtle conservation and guiding surveys to discover new populations.
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Wijewardena, Tharusha, Matthew G. Keevil, Nicholas E. Mandrak, Andrew M. Lentini, and Jacqueline D. Litzgus. "Evaluation of headstarting as a conservation tool to recover Blanding’s Turtles (Emydoidea blandingii) in a highly fragmented urban landscape." PLOS ONE 18, no. 3 (March 8, 2023): e0279833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279833.
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Freshwater turtle populations are declining globally as a result of anthropogenic activities. Threats to turtles in urban areas are exacerbated by road mortality and subsidized predators, which can lead to catastrophic shifts in population size and structure. Headstarting is used as a conservation tool to supplement turtle populations that may otherwise face extirpation. A headstarting program began in 2012 to recover a functionally extinct population of Blanding’s Turtles (Emydoidea blandingii) 26in Rouge National Urban Park (RNUP), Ontario, Canada. The original population included five adults and one juvenile turtle. From 2014 to 2020, 270 headstarted turtles were released. The population has been monitored annually since 2014 using visual-encounter surveys, radio-telemetry, and live trapping (from 2018 onwards). We used mark-recapture and radio-telemetry data to quantify abundance, survival, and sex ratio of the headstarted turtle population. Using a Jolly-Seber model, we estimated abundance to be 183 turtles (20 turtles/ha) in 2020. Estimated survival of headstarted turtles approached 89%, except for turtles released in 2019 when survival was 43% as a result of a known mass mortality event at the study site. Pre- and post-release sex ratios were not significantly different (χ2 = 1.92; p = 0.16), but shifted from 1:1.5 to 1:1 male:female post-release. Given that the headstarted turtles have not yet reached sexual maturity, it is unclear whether headstarted turtles will reach adulthood and successfully reproduce to maintain a self-sustaining population. Thus, to evaluate the success of the headstarting program, long-term monitoring is required.
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Ahmed, Khalid, Benjamin Tapley, and Christopher J. Michaels. "Global and regional patterns in distribution and threat status of zoo collections of turtles and tortoises." Herpetological Journal 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33256/34.1.110.
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Turtles are a globally threatened group of reptiles. Zoo populations may contribute to the conservation of species, including turtles, but collection composition may not align with conservation needs. We combined data from the Zoological Information Management System (ZIMS), EDGE of Existence, the IUCN Red List and the Reptile Database to investigate zoo turtle holdings on global and regional scales. Globally, zoo collections were representative of turtle diversity, regional species distributions and threat statuses, indicating no bias towards threatened species and no taxonomic or distribution blind spots. Species kept in zoos had significantly lower EDGE scores than those not represented, and threatened species were no more likely to have been bred in the year prior to data collection (before March 2022) or have non-viable populations, but were more likely to have a larger population size. Although Africa, Asia and South America have the smallest turtle holdings in terms of species, allowing for regional capacity, these regions hold more, while Europe holds fewer than expected turtle species – North American and Asian holdings do not differ from expected. African, Asian, North and South American regions significantly bias their collections towards native species. We found evidence for significant increases in turtle populations at the genus level following the EAZA Shellshock campaign in Europe. ZIMS data are limited by taxonomy, membership and accuracy of records but provide the best window into patterns of zoo turtle collections. While holding a species in a zoo does not equate to conservation value, based on these data, we recommend that conservation prioritisation exercises are developed for all turtle species, holding institutions or regional taxonomic advisory address population viability and support for institutions working with significant turtle populations in captivity to join ZIMS is provided. Keywords: chelonia, ex-situ, zoos, conservation, ZIMS
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Johnston, Gerald R., Joseph C. Mitchell, Eric Suarez, Tom Morris, Georgia A. Shemitz, Peter L. Butt, and Robert L. Knight. "The Santa Fe River in northern Florida: effect of habitat heterogeneity on turtle populations." Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 54, no. 5 (December 7, 2016): 69–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.58782/flmnh.xcex4207.
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The Santa Fe River (SFR) in northern Florida and its springs provide a unique ecosystem for a wealth of flora and fauna, and support a unique freshwater turtle assemblage. We conducted a 6-year mark-recapture study of ten turtle species to assess how habitat heterogeneity among sites affects riverine turtle populations. Because the SFR ecosystem has not been well described and the major emphasis of this paper is the effect of habitat variation on turtle populations, we provide thorough descriptions of the SFR basin and specific habitats in which we sampled turtles. The SFR originates as a tannin-stained blackwater river, but receives substantial input of clear, alkaline, thermally stable water from numerous artesian springs in its lower reaches. We used mark-recapture and demographic data to evaluate differences in turtle assemblages and population structure on a spatial scale. We compared turtle assemblages between a 5 km reach of blackwater river habitat and a 9 km reach of spring-influenced river habitat. We found the same ten species in both habitats. Hand capture while snorkeling suggested similar relative abundance of species in both river habitats, but baited hoop trap captures suggested that Chelydra serpentina (Snapping Turtle) and Sternotherus minor (Loggerhead Musk Turtle) are proportionately more abundant in the three spring-influenced habitats we sampled. The total density of all turtle species combined appears to be three to four times greater in the spring-influenced river reach than in the blackwater river reach. Examination of population structure of the three most abundant species (Pseudemys suwanniensis [Suwannee Cooter], S. minor, and Trachemys scripta [Yellow-bellied Slider]) in the river and adjacent spring habitats revealed that some springs feeding the SFR may function as nursery habitats. Results demonstrate the importance of habitat diversity (beta diversity) to the riverine turtle assemblage. If we had sampled turtles only in one section of the river or only in spring habitats in the lower SFR, our perceptions of assemblages and population structure would have been vastly different. The fate of the turtle populations in the SFR depends on the quantity and quality of water discharging from its springs. If the long-term trend of declining spring flows continues, we predict that SFR turtle populations will be detrimentally affected in multiple ways such as loss of nursery habitat and reduced recruitment. Less dilution of dark tannic water flowing down from the upper SFR may cause shifts in assemblage and population structure, as well as in population densities. Given the uncertain future of ecological conditions in the SFR, we advocate continued long-term monitoring of this unique turtle assemblage.
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Hendrix, Haley, and Sílvia Pérez-Espona. "A Systematic Review of Population Monitoring Studies of Sea Turtles and Its Application to Conservation." Diversity 16, no. 3 (March 12, 2024): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d16030177.
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Sea turtles are keystone species in marine environments due to their essential role as seagrass grazers and population regulation of jellyfish and sponges in coral reefs. However, due to their predominant presence in coastal areas, sea turtle populations face significant threats due to the impact of human activities. In this systematic review, 655 peer-reviewed publications were analyzed to assess the extent of population monitoring for all seven sea turtle species. The analyses revealed that, although population monitoring studies have increased for sea turtles in the past four decades, these have been biased towards certain species and oceanic regions. Furthermore, sea turtle population monitoring has been undertaken primarily using field-based methods, with satellite tracking and nest surveys being the most commonly used methods; however, the implementation of genetic methods for population monitoring has increased since the 2000s. Direct conservation recommendations from this study include the urgent need to establish population monitoring studies in the Critically Endangered Kemp’s ridley and hawksbill and the Data Deficient flatback. Furthermore, population monitoring programs should be implemented in Southeast Asia and Northern and Central Africa, where knowledge on sea turtle populations is still limited. Finally, due to the long-distance movements of sea turtles, we also advocate for international cooperation and collaboration of local communities to protect these ecologically important and iconic marine species.
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Febrinal, Febrinal, Azzahrah Khairunnisa Mardhiyah, Maysyarah Ardiana, Zultsatunni’mah Zultsatunni’mah, Pati Hariyose, and FITRA ARYA DWI NUGRAHA. "Sosialization of Sea Turtle Under Threatened in Pasir Jambak." Pelita Eksakta 2, no. 2 (November 30, 2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/pelitaeksakta/vol2-iss2/72.
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All sea turtles are listed as endangered and critically endangered by IUCN Red List due to human consumption and lifestyle. In West Sumatra, Pasir Jambak Beach is an important habitat for nesting of sea turtles, but human activities in this area becomes serious threats for sea turtles. Based on our interview, the local people of Pasir Jambak still consume the sea turtle eggs and mistaken for the effect of this egg to human. During our activity, we share our knowledge especially to the children of Pasir Jambak, hoping that they will not continue the habit of consuming the sea turtle egg, and become more concerned to the conservation of sea turtle around them. All of us were responsible for the rapid decline of sea turtle populations. We also take an action for cleaning the Pasir Jambak beach from the plastic trash and released the Tukik (juvenile) to help increasing the sea turtle population in nature.
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Browne, Constance L., S. Andrew Sullivan, and Donald F. McAlpine. "Freshwater turtle by-catch from angling in New Brunswick, Canada." Canadian Field-Naturalist 134, no. 3 (November 28, 2020): 222–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v134i3.2437.
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Turtles are among the most threatened vertebrate taxa, with populations especially vulnerable to any increase in adult mortality. By-catch from freshwater angling, as a potential cause of turtle mortality is poorly documented and little understood. Here we document cases of turtle by-catch by recreational anglers in an urban park in New Brunswick and among the wider angling communities in the province. We also consider factors that may influence rates of hooking. Although we are unable to estimate turtle hooking frequency for the provincial recreational angling community as a whole, five of 75 (~7%) anglers interviewed in the urban park reported interactions with a turtle, with most reported incidents (75%) involving hooking. Snapping Turtles (Chelydra serpentina) seem to be more prone to hooking than Eastern Painted Turtles (Chrysemys picta picta). Although we conclude that turtle hooking by recreational anglers appears to be generally uncommon in New Brunswick, even apparently low by-catch rates may be sufficient to lead to population declines at heavily fished sites. The collection of additional data on turtle by-catch in the recreational fishery in Canada is warranted.
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Butynski, Thomas M. "Marine turtles on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea." Oryx 30, no. 2 (April 1996): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300021529.
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Four endangered species of marine turtle nest on the southern beaches of Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. The turtles and their eggs are an important traditional source of food for the people of the area and turtle populations have apparently declined considerably, probably because of overexploitation. This paper reviews what is known about Bioko's marine turtles, their nesting seasons, population trends, use by humans, conservation status and recent conservation efforts. Recommendations are made for additional research and conservation action.
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Whiting, Andrea U., Allan Thomson, Milani Chaloupka, and Colin J. Limpus. "Seasonality, abundance and breeding biology of one of the largest populations of nesting flatback turtles, Natator depressus: Cape Domett, Western Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 56, no. 5 (2008): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo08038.
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Cape Domett, located in tropical Western Australia, supports a significant population of flatback turtles, Natator depressus, but the magnitude of this was previously underestimated. We assessed temporal nesting abundance to find that Cape Domett supports one of the largest aggregated nesting flatback turtle populations globally with annual abundance in the order of several thousand individuals (estimated = 3250, 95% CI = 1431–7757). We assessed temporal abundance within a year to find turtles nested throughout the year with peak nesting occurring between August and September. This paper re-evaluates the importance of this major flatback turtle nesting site and shows the first detailed examination of flatback turtle nesting biology in north-western Australia.
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Glorioso, Brad M., Allison J. Vaughn, and J. Hardin Waddle. "The Aquatic Turtle Assemblage Inhabiting a Highly Altered Landscape in Southeast Missouri." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 1, no. 2 (November 1, 2010): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/072010-jfwm-020.
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Abstract Turtles are linked to energetic food webs as both consumers of plants and animals and prey for many species. Turtle biomass in freshwater systems can be an order of magnitude greater than that of endotherms. Therefore, declines in freshwater turtle populations can change energy transfer in freshwater systems. Here we report on a mark–recapture study at a lake and adjacent borrow pit in a relict tract of bottomland hardwood forest in the Mississippi River floodplain in southeast Missouri, which was designed to gather baseline data, including sex ratio, size structure, and population size, density, and biomass, for the freshwater turtle population. Using a variety of capture methods, we captured seven species of freshwater turtles (snapping turtle Chelydra serpentina; red-eared slider Trachemys scripta; southern painted turtle Chrysemys dorsalis; river cooter Pseudemys concinna; false map turtle Graptemys pseudogeographica; eastern musk turtle Sternotherus odoratus; spiny softshell Apalone spinifera) comprising four families (Chelydridae, Emydidae, Kinosternidae, Trinoychidae). With the exception of red-eared sliders, nearly all individuals captured were adults. Most turtles were captured by baited hoop-nets, and this was the only capture method that caught all seven species. The unbaited fyke net was very successful in the borrow pit, but only captured four of the seven species. Basking traps and deep-water crawfish nets had minimal success. Red-eared sliders had the greatest population estimate (2,675), density (205/ha), and biomass (178 kg/ha). Two species exhibited a sex-ratio bias: snapping turtles C. serpentina in favor of males, and spiny softshells A. spinifera in favor of females.
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Putman, Nathan F., Jesse Hawkins, and Benny J. Gallaway. "Managing fisheries in a world with more sea turtles." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1930 (July 2020): 20200220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0220.
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For decades, fisheries have been managed to limit the accidental capture of vulnerable species and many of these populations are now rebounding. While encouraging from a conservation perspective, as populations of protected species increase so will bycatch, triggering management actions that limit fishing. Here, we show that despite extensive regulations to limit sea turtle bycatch in a coastal gillnet fishery on the eastern United States, the catch per trip of Kemp's ridley has increased by more than 300% and green turtles by more than 650% (2001–2016). These bycatch rates closely track regional indices of turtle abundance, which are a function of increased reproductive output at distant nesting sites and the oceanic dispersal of juveniles to near shore habitats. The regulations imposed to help protect turtles have decreased fishing effort and harvest by more than 50%. Given uncertainty in the population status of sea turtles, however, simply removing protections is unwarranted. Stock-assessment models for sea turtles must be developed to determine what level of mortality can be sustained while balancing continued turtle population growth and fishing opportunity. Implementation of management targets should involve federal and state managers partnering with specific fisheries to develop bycatch reduction plans that are proportional to their impact on turtles.
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Dupuis-Desormeaux, Marc, Christina Davy, Amy Lathrop, Emma Followes, Andrew Ramesbottom, Andrea Chreston, and Suzanne E. MacDonald. "Colonization and usage of an artificial urban wetland complex by freshwater turtles." PeerJ 6 (August 8, 2018): e5423. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5423.
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Conservation authorities invest heavily in the restoration and/or creation of wetlands to counteract the destruction of habitat caused by urbanization. Monitoring the colonization of these new wetlands is critical to an adaptive management process. We conducted a turtle mark-recapture survey in a 250 ha artificially created wetland complex in a large North American city (Toronto, Ontario). We found that two of Ontario’s eight native turtle species (Snapping turtle (SN), Chelydra serpentina, and Midland Painted (MP) turtle, Chrysemys picta marginata) were abundant and both were confirmed nesting. The Blanding’s turtle (Emydoidea blandingii) was present but not well established. Species richness and turtle density were not equally distributed throughout the wetland complex. We noted SN almost exclusively populated one water body, while other areas of the wetland had a varying representation of both species. The sex ratios of both SN and MP turtles were 1:1. We tracked the movement of Snapping and Blanding’s turtles and found that most turtles explored at least two water bodies in the park, that females explored more water bodies than males, and that 95% of turtles showed fidelity to individual overwintering wetlands. We performed DNA analysis of two Blanding’s turtles found in the created wetlands and could not assign these turtles to any known profiled populations. The genetic data suggest that the turtles probably belong to a remnant local population. We discuss the implications of our results for connectivity of artificial wetlands and the importance of the whole wetland complex to this turtle assemblage.
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Nada, Mohamed, and Paolo Casale. "Sea turtle bycatch and consumption in Egypt threatens Mediterranean turtle populations." Oryx 45, no. 1 (January 2011): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605310001286.
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AbstractTurtle trade in the fish markets of Alexandria was reported up to the late 1990s, motivating conservation initiatives and enforcement of legal protection. To assess the current trade and bycatch levels in Alexandria and other ports we carried out an interview survey of 445 people in 2007, mostly fishermen and fishmongers, in 15 coastal cities and fishing ports along the Mediterranean coast of Egypt. The declared catch rates and official fishing fleet statistics suggest that captures of loggerhead Caretta caretta and green turtles Chelonia mydas are in the order of several thousands per year, possibly > 7,000 per year, mainly from trawling, longlining and set nets. Probably several hundred turtles die each year as a consequence of the high mortality rates typical of these fishing gears. In addition, most fishermen from Alexandria and some fishermen from other regions declared that they kill turtles for meat. Regulations and enforcement appear to be ineffective, as turtles are usually killed and consumed on board or only their meat is landed. Some turtles are still traded on the black market in some Alexandria fish markets. The overall mortality probably represents an unsustainable toll on the Mediterranean loggerhead and green turtle populations, and the perception of fishermen is that turtle numbers are declining. Mitigating the identified threats is thus urgent. In particular, intentional killing should be tackled through its cultural drivers, and measures to reduce bycatch mortality need to be tested and implemented.
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Vanek, John P., and Gary A. Glowacki. "Assessing the Impacts of Urbanization on Sex Ratios of Painted Turtles (Chrysemys picta)." Diversity 11, no. 5 (May 2, 2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11050072.
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Turtles are particularly susceptible to the negative impacts of urbanization due to low mobility and a life history strategy emphasizing long generation times and high adult survival. In addition to declines directly through habitat loss, urbanization has been hypothesized to limit populations of aquatic turtles through changes in population structure, as adult females are disproportionally killed on and near roads, leading to male-biased populations, which can lead to population declines or local extirpations. The purpose of this study was to better understand how urbanization impacts the sex ratios of painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) in an urban ecosystem, as empirical results linking male-biased turtle populations to roads and urbanization are mixed. Using eight years of trapping data from a long-term monitoring program in a suburb of Chicago, IL, USA, we report one of the most male-biased populations ( x ¯ = 75% male) of turtles in the USA, consistent with prevailing road mortality hypotheses. However, we found no evidence that male-biased populations were related to road density or the amount of protected area around a sampling location and found that impervious surface (a metric of urbanization) was weakly related to less male-biased populations. Our results highlight the importance of replicating ecological studies across space and time and the difficulty in assessing population structure in aquatic turtles. We suggest that active conservation measures may be warranted for the continued persistence of urban turtle populations.
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Gribble, N. A., G. McPherson, and B. Lane. "Effect of the Queensland Shark Control Program on non-target species: whale, dugong, turtle and dolphin: a review." Marine and Freshwater Research 49, no. 7 (1998): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf97053.
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The Queensland Shark Control Program (QSCP) has recorded a long-term annual mortality of 0.1 humpback whale, 2 ‘small whales’ (species uncertain), 20 dugong, <78 turtles (species and number released uncertain), and <19 dolphin (species and number released uncertain). Available population estimates suggest that the historic impact of the QSCP would have been negligible on whales, 0.5% per year of the dugong population in the southern Great Barrier Reef, minor on green and loggerhead turtle populations, and unknown but probably minor on leatherback turtles and dolphin populations. In response to improved methods between 1992 and 1995 the average yearly mortality fell to 0 humpback whales, 4 dugong, 3 loggerhead turtles (11 turtles in total), and 10 dolphin (species uncertain); this suggests no impact on whales, 0.1% per year of the dugong population of the southern Great Barrier Reef, 1.6% of the yearly indigenous harvest of green turtles in eastern Australia, and 0.2% per year of the loggerhead turtle population in Queensland. Lack of population estimates and species identification precluded impact calculations for dolphin. The number of rare, vulnerable and endangered marine animals killed in the QSCP gear each year is in tens rather than thousands and the effect of this incidental mortality on their populations is probably minor.
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Pratama, Vian Dedi, Sukandar Sukandar, Marjono Marjono, and Andi Kurniawan. "Suitability Analysis of Habitat and Ecotourism of Olive Ridley Sea Turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) in Development of Turtle Conservation Strategy at Taman Kili-Kili Beach." Economic and Social of Fisheries and Marine Journal 009, no. 01 (October 28, 2021): 86–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.ecsofim.2021.009.01.07.
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Taman Kili-Kili Beach is designated as an Essential Ecosystem Area (KEE). 188/39/KPTS/013/2020. According to the Supervisory Community Group (Pokmaswas), in 2011-2020, there was an increase in broodstock as many as 52 turtles, and the eggs saved as many as 3323 eggs. However, since 2013 Pokmaswas data shows a decrease in the population of hawksbill and green turtles in turtle conservation areas, which is thought to be caused by climate change, global warming, and animals. This study aims to analyze environmental baselines, turtle populations, and the value of turtle ecotourism (ecological, economic values) and develop strategies to support turtle conservation at Taman Kili-Kili Beach Trenggalek Regency. The results of the adjustment of nesting habitats and turtle ecotourism, calculation of the Habitat Conformity Index (IKH) of turtle nesting, IKH = 77.77%, which belongs to the category (S1) is very suitable to be used as a conservation area and turtle nesting habitat. While the results of the calculation of the Turtle Ecotourism Conformity Index (IKW), IKW = 84.93%, which is included in the (S1) category, which is very suitable for use a turtle tourism area. The strategy for developing turtle ecotourism is in quadrant II, meaning that it utilizes the strengths possessed in the turtle conservation area by minimizing the threats that it will experience.
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Arthur, Karen E., Judith M. O'Neil, Colin J. Limpus, Kyler Abernathy, and Greg Marshall. "Using Animal-Borne Imaging to Assess Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) Foraging Ecology in Moreton Bay, Australia." Marine Technology Society Journal 41, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533207787441953.
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Traditional techniques for studying green turtle foraging ecology, such as the analysis of food availability and ingested dietary material, have concluded that green turtles are primarily herbivorous but selective foragers. However, green turtles that forage during Lyngbya majuscula blooms are exposed to toxins produced by the cyanobacterium overgrowing the seagrass. We used the Crittercam, an animal-borne imaging device, to observe green turtle foraging behavior in Moreton Bay, Australia, and to evaluate the system for assessing the impacts of Lyngbya blooms on green turtles. Eight large green turtles were captured while foraging on seagrass flats and each was fitted with a Crittercam. The deployments yielded over 28 hours of video and associated time-depth records. Turtles swam almost continuously and rarely stopped to feed on seagrass. Six turtles were observed feeding and all six consumed gelatinous animals from the water column. This prey source was previously undocumented in the Moreton Bay green turtle population but described in other green turtle populations using the Crittercam. Only one turtle was observed foraging on seagrass. The results of this study indicate that Crittercam technology can provide insight into turtle diet selection and that it will be a useful tool in identifying the impacts of Lyngbya blooms on green turtle feeding ecology. This study has also demonstrated that turtles in Moreton Bay may have a more flexible diet than previously described, indicating they could potentially supplement their diet with alternate prey items when seagrass quality or quantity is compromised. Longer deployment times, with an initial acclimation phase, are required to more fully understand questions pertaining to feeding ecology.
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SAMSOL, SYAMSYAHIDAH, MOHD EFFENDY ABD WAHID, TSUNG-HSIEN LI, and MOHD UZAIR RUSLI. "HEMATOLOGY, BLOOD GASES AND BIOCHEMISTRY PROFILES OF WILD-NESTING SEA TURTLES IN TERENGGANU, MALAYSIA." Malaysian Applied Biology 49, no. 4 (July 19, 2021): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v49i4.1564.
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Chelonia mydas is an endangered marine species globally, which its reference blood parameters intervals have been published for some group populations, but baseline health status values are lacking from Malaysia. This study aims to better understand the hematology, biochemical, and blood gas of a wild-nesting green turtle population in the South China Sea. The health status of nesting turtles at the Chagar Hutang Turtle Sanctuary, Pulau Redang, were performed on different individuals, (26 females laid one nest and 2 females laid two nests). A portable handheld blood analyzer (iSTAT) used in the field to obtain immediate results of pH, lactate, pO2, pCO2, HCO3-, Hct, Hb, Na, K, iCa, and glucose levels in blood samples, while standard laboratory hematology techniques were conducted at Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) for red and white blood cell counts. The results for all blood analytes (except Na, iCa, and hematology values) were not within the healthy index range for wild turtles, compared to previous studies from different geographic populations. Therefore, the results of this current study help to develop a baseline profile of healthy wild-nesting turtles as a global reference for detecting abnormalities in blood chemistry and the health status of turtle populations worldwide.
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Aiken, Jonathan J., Brendan J. Godley, Annette C. Broderick, Timothy Austin, Gina Ebanks-Petrie, and Graeme C. Hays. "Two hundred years after a commercial marine turtle fishery: the current status of marine turtles nesting in the Cayman Islands." Oryx 35, no. 2 (April 2001): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.2001.00168.x.
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AbstractLarge populations of marine turtles breeding in the Cayman Islands were drastically reduced in the early 1800s. However, marine turtle nesting still occurs in the islands. The present-day status of this nesting population provides insight into the conservation of marine turtles, a long-lived species. In 1998 and 1999, the first systematic survey of marine turtle nesting in the Cayman Islands found 38 nests on 22 beaches scattered through the three islands. Three species were found: the green Chelonia mydas, hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata and loggerhead Caretta caretta turtles. Comparison with other rookeries suggests that the small number of sexually mature adults surviving Cayman's huge perturbations may be impeding population recovery. This shows the need to implement conservation measures prior to massive reductions in population size.
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Julyansyah, Teddy, Deddy Bakhtiar, and Ari Anggoro. "Analisis Akustik Target Strength Penyu Hijau (Chelonia Mydas) Melalui Pengukuran Secara Terkontrol Pada Frekuensi 200 kHz." Barakuda 45: Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan dan Kelautan 3, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 94–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.47685/barakuda45.v3i2.158.
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ABSTRACT
Turtles are reptiles that live in the sea and are able to migrate over long distances along the Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean and Southeast Asia. Currently the number of turtle populations in nature has greatly decreased. This population decline is caused by natural factors and human activities that endanger the population directly or indirectly. At this time the tagging set technique (ID tag code) is a method that is often used to detect the presence of turtles by attaching tags to female turtles who are landing to lay eggs on the beach or while in captivity or the discovery of the mother turtle by fishermen. One other method that can be used to detect the presence of turtles is to use the acoustic method. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of the acoustic backscattering energy of the green turtle (Chelonia mydes) and to analyze the relationship between target strength and total body length of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas). This research was conducted in the Tapak Paderi waters pond, Bengkulu City, in August-October 2020. The average target strength (TS) value for green turtles was -48.07 dB. Based on the regression equation, the value of determination (R2) obtained is 0.78. Where this value shows that the total length of the green turtle has an effect of 78% on the average target strength (TS) value, while for 22% it is caused by other factors such as body shape, environmental factors and other factors. Based on the ANOVA test, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between the total length and the value of the target strength (TS) on the green turtle or the value of the total length has an influence on the value of the target strength (TS) on the green turtle.
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Shiping, Gong, Wang Jichao, Shi Haitao, Song Riheng, and Xu Rumei. "Illegal trade and conservation requirements of freshwater turtles in Nanmao, Hainan Province, China." Oryx 40, no. 3 (July 2006): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605306000949.
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China has one of the world's most diverse freshwater turtle faunas but is also a major consumer of freshwater turtles. In the 1980s over-collecting, illegal trade and habitat destruction increased dramatically, pushing almost all Chinese turtles towards extinction. Despite the critical status of Chinese turtles little has been done to quantify and evaluate the impact of illegal activities on wild populations. We used a combination of market surveys and questionnaires to examine the illegal trade and conservation status of native freshwater turtles in Nanmao, Hainan Province, from February to August 2003. We found a total of 245 collected freshwater turtles comprising eight species. These data indicate that Nanmao has a rich freshwater turtle fauna that is being affected heavily by illegal poaching. No effective measures have been taken to protect the few remaining wild turtle populations. The main factors that lead to illegal trade include the cultural belief that turtles are a viable food/medicine product, lack of conservation awareness, poaching of turtles as a supplement to income, and poor law enforcement. Possible conservation strategies are discussed.
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Weir, Caroline R., Tamar Ron, Miguel Morais, and Agostinho Domingos C. Duarte. "Nesting and at-sea distribution of marine turtles in Angola, West Africa, 2000–2006: occurrence, threats and conservation implications." Oryx 41, no. 2 (April 2007): 224–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003060530700186x.
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AbstractThe status of marine turtles in Angola, West Africa, is poorly known, and therefore during 2000–2006 a combination of both dedicated and opportunistic beach and at-sea turtle surveys were carried out, and interviews conducted with fishing communities and at markets. Green Chelonia mydas, olive ridley Lepidochelys olivacea, leatherback Dermochelys coriacea and loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta were recorded, and nesting of the first three species confirmed during September–March (peaking November–December). Green turtles nested mainly in the south, leatherback turtles in north and central Angola, and olive ridley turtle nesting was widespread. Olive ridley turtle nest density at Palmeirinhas averaged 32 nests km−1. At-sea surveys produced 298 turtle records, with peak occurrence during August. Significant anthropogenic-related mortality (including exploitation of meat and eggs and fishing bycatch) was recorded, in addition to natural predation and other threats. Maintenance of the long-term sustainability of these turtle populations should focus on the involvement of fishing communities and increasing awareness throughout Angola.
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Hudgins, Jillian A., Emma J. Hudgins, Stephanie Köhnk, Enas Mohamed Riyad, and Martin R. Stelfox. "A brighter future? Stable and growing sea turtle populations in the Republic of Maldives." PLOS ONE 18, no. 4 (April 26, 2023): e0283973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283973.
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The Indian Ocean represents a significant data gap in the evaluation of sea turtle population status and trends. Like many small island states, the Republic of Maldives has limited baseline data, capacity and resources to gather information on sea turtle abundance, distribution and trends to evaluate their conservation status. We applied a Robust Design methodology to convert opportunistic photographic identification records into estimates of abundance and key demographic parameters for hawksbill sea turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) and green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the Republic of Maldives. Photographs were collected ad hoc by marine biologists and citizen scientists around the country from May 2016 to November 2019. Across 10 sites in four atolls, we identified 325 unique hawksbill turtles and 291 unique green turtles—where most were juveniles. Our analyses suggest that, even when controlling for survey effort and detectability dynamics, the populations of both species are stable and/or increasing in the short term at many reefs in the Maldives and the country appears to provide excellent habitat for recruiting juvenile turtles of both species. Our results represent one of the first empirical estimations of sea turtle population trends that account for detectability. This approach provides a cost-effective way for small island states in the Global South to evaluate threats to wildlife while accounting for biases inherent in community science data.
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Sayuti, Mohammad, Ferliana Widasari, Ahmad Junaidi, Agung Setia Abadi, and Achmad Sofian. "EDUCATION ON HANDLING GREEN TURTLE (Chelonia mydas) INJURED DUE TO ILLEGAL ARREST OF COMMUNITY PERSONS IN SUPRAU VILLAGE." Buletin SWIMP 1, no. 02 (November 9, 2021): 047–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/bs.v1i02.12.
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The number of turtle populations from year to year has decreased. One of the causes is the arrests made by the community for consumption purposes. On April 29, 2021, a green turtle was eaten by the Directorate of Polair, Sorong City, with an injured condition that will be used as food for consumption. The purpose of this activity is to educate the public on the handling of injured turtles and socialize related to turtle conservation. The method of turtle handling activities is direct daily care with medication and turtle feeding programs, while socialization activities are carried out with mini workshops attended by representatives of the Marine and Fisheries Resources Supervisor, Sorong Marine and Fisheries Polytechnic, Directorate of Polair Sorong City, West Papua Natural Resources Conservation Center, Sorong District Court, Sailing Science Education and Training Center, Sorong City Fisheries Service, Papua Turtle Foundation, Conservation International (CI) and Nusantara Nature Conservation Foundation and public figure. The results of the activities for handling injured turtles, healthy turtles returned with dry wounds so that the turtles could be released into the wild. The socialization activity went smoothly with increasing understanding regarding the importance of turtle conservation by the community by signing a Memorandum of Understanding related to turtle conservation.
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Jribi, Imed, Abderrahmen Bouain, Khaled Echwikhi, and Mohamed Nejmeddine Bradai. "Effect of bait on sea turtles bycatch rates in pelagic longlines: An overview." Amphibia-Reptilia 32, no. 4 (2011): 493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853811x601924.
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AbstractPelagic longline fishing has been identified as a significant threat to endangered sea turtle populations. Reducing sea turtle bycatch in pelagic longline fisheries, in concert with activities to reduce other anthropogenic mortality sources, may halt and reverse population declines. Here, we examine the effect of bait manipulation as a simple mitigation method that could reduce sea turtle interactions with longline fishing gear. We analyzed laboratory experiments and field trials conducted in the Mediterranean, the northeast Distant Area in the Atlantic and the Western North Pacific. Studies showed that turtles are more likely to feed on squid than on mackerel when both are used simultaneously as bait. The stingray, Dasyatis pastinaca, used as bait, was more effective than mackerel; this ray was vulnerable and stimulated much thought about other species to use as alternative bait. Effective in laboratory conditions with captive turtles, dyed and artificial bait did not seemed to be effective in reducing turtle bycatch in field conditions. Optimal mitigation measure must reduce incidence of hooking of threatened sea turtles to acceptable levels and also offer an economic advantage to fisheries. Studies concerning the effect of bait modification to reduce turtle bycatch highlight the importance of an integrated approach towards sensory deterrents, as both visual and chemical cues are likely to attract sea turtles to longline gear. Further research on the development of sensory-based deterrents can contribute to reduced sea turtle bait interactions and maintain catch rates of target species.
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Enneson, J. J., and J. D. Litzgus. "Stochastic and spatially explicit population viability analyses for an endangered freshwater turtle, Clemmys guttata." Canadian Journal of Zoology 87, no. 12 (December 2009): 1241–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z09-112.
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Over two thirds of the world’s turtle species are in decline as a result of habitat destruction and harvesting. Quantitative methods for predicting the risk of extinction of turtle populations are essential for status assessments and recovery planning. Spotted turtles ( Clemmys guttata (Schneider, 1792)) are considered vulnerable internationally, and endangered in Canada. We used population viability analysis to assess the risk of extirpation of a Georgian Bay, Ontario, population that has been under study since 1977 and of nine Ontario populations for which population size is known, and to examine the effects of dispersal between breeding ponds on population persistence. A simple stochastic model for the Georgian Bay population projected a 60% probability of extirpation in 100 years. A metapopulation model for the same study area projected an 18% probability of extirpation within 100 years, suggesting that dispersal between breeding ponds is important for population persistence. Spotted turtles at this relatively pristine site have a relatively high risk of extinction despite the absence of anthropogenic additive mortality. Probability of quasi-extinction as a result of stochasticity for the model simulating nine Ontario populations was low, but the probability of six or more of the nine known Ontario populations becoming extirpated within 100 years was 26%, indicating that recovery action is necessary to prevent decline of spotted turtles within the species’ Canadian range, which is restricted to Ontario.
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Karson, Alyson, Siow Yan Jennifer Angoh, and Christina M. Davy. "Depredation of gravid freshwater turtles by Raccoons (Procyon lotor)." Canadian Field-Naturalist 132, no. 2 (January 1, 2019): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v132i2.2043.
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During summer 2017, we found 19 dead or fatally wounded adult female turtles belonging to three at-risk species at a nesting site on the north shore of Lake Erie, Ontario. Individuals were found flipped onto their carapace, had similar holes in their body cavities, and were eviscerated. Their eggs had also been consumed. Although turtle nest depredation by Raccoons (Procyon lotor) is common, it is unusual for them to target large numbers of gravid turtles within a season. Depredated species included Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina), Northern Map Turtle (Graptemys geographica), and Blanding’s Turtle (Emydoidea blandingii). Our observation represents a spike in additive mortality for these populations, which could have long-term demographic consequences.
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Chou, Wei-Rung, Po-Yu Wu, and Tsung-Hsien Li. "Assessing the Relationship between Sea Turtle Strandings and Anthropogenic Impacts in Taiwan." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 10 (October 11, 2023): 1962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11101962.
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Data acquired from stranded sea turtles can provide awareness of human activities that adversely affect sea turtle populations. We assessed strandings of five sea turtle species between 2017 and 2021. This study utilizes principal component analysis (PCA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) to reveal potential causes of sea turtle strandings linked to anthropogenic effects in Taiwan. Although our study did not observe a statistically significant impact of offshore wind turbines on sea turtle strandings, it did find evidence of a significant direct effect of coral colony density, heavy metals, and fishing disturbance on such strandings. For the conservation of endangered sea turtles, we recommend the incorporation of PCA and SEM in further contexts for validating anthropogenic impact assessments.
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Booth, DT, A. Dunstan, I. Bell, R. Reina, and J. Tedeschi. "Low male production at the world’s largest green turtle rookery." Marine Ecology Progress Series 653 (October 29, 2020): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13500.
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Because the sex of all sea turtle hatchlings is determined by incubation temperature, with low temperatures producing mainly males and high temperatures producing mainly females, sea turtle populations worldwide are threatened by feminization of hatchlings due to increases in global temperature. Data obtained by laparoscopic sexing of immature individuals captured from a major feeding ground indicates that over several decades there has been little recruitment of males into the northern Great Barrier Reef (nGBR) green turtle Chelonia mydas population, one of the largest sea turtle populations in the world. Over 2 nesting seasons, we measured nest temperatures at Raine Island, the most important nesting site for this nGBR population, and predicted that almost all nests would have produced all female hatchlings. The few nests that produced some male hatchlings were constructed at the very end of the nesting season, and these nests had the lowest hatching success. Taking into account monthly variations in nest construction, hatching success, and hatchling sex ratio, we estimate that over an entire nesting season only 0.7% of hatchlings produced are male. Hence, we conclude that the nGBR population of green turtles has likely recruited very few males in recent years.
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Naguib, Nahla M., Ahmed Salama, Islam M. Elsadek, Reda E. Moghaieb, Etr H. K. Khashaba, Sawsan S. Yousef, and Ahmed El Sharkawy. "Using ISSR markers to detect genetic variation for marine turtles populations in Egypt loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and green turtles (Chelonia mydas)." Journal of Aquaculture & Marine Biology 13, no. 1 (2024): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jamb.2024.13.00394.
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In Egypt, along the Mediterranean coast, the loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and green (Chelonia mydas) come during nesting season to lay their eggs or for food with a rare occurrence for the leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea). In the Egyptian Red Sea there are five species that come to visit, the most common to observe are hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) and green (Chelonia mydas). The goal of this study is to conduct some genetic and ecological analyses a) to generate new markers that include other segments of marine turtles’ genome, as a tool to investigate new areas of variation/polymorphism between, among, and within populations and individuals; b) determine genetic diversity between and within the Mediterranean and the Red Sea populations using (individuals from the same and different habitats using ISSR); and c) determine allele frequency. At the ecological level, this study aims to assess sea turtles' habitat and population distribution among different habitats in Egypt. Throughout the duration of this study, it was noted that there was a decrease in nesting areas attributable to the loss and fragmentation of habitats. Although there are some areas with no significant nesting prosperities it considered significant areas for foraging and highly important as migratory corridors, especially in the Mediterranean. The massive urbanization and unplanned touristic developments affect sea turtle habitat over the Egyptian Mediterranean coast. The Mediterranean coast showed demographic changes in the coastal regions. On the other hand, areas could still be valued with significant nesting areas for sea turtles, but an intense and regular monitoring programme should be established. The Red Sea needs a regular monitoring programme for better management conservation measures to be adopted. The polymorphism percentage resulting from ISSR marker was 45 and 36 for both loggerhead and green turtle populations in the Mediterranean, respectively; and 69 for the green turtle populations in the Red Sea.
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Mortimer, Jeanne A., Nicole Esteban, Antenor Nestor Guzman, and Graeme C. Hays. "Estimates of marine turtle nesting populations in the south-west Indian Ocean indicate the importance of the Chagos Archipelago." Oryx 54, no. 3 (February 10, 2020): 332–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605319001108.
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AbstractGlobal marine turtle population assessments highlight the importance of the south-west Indian Ocean region, despite data gaps for the Chagos Archipelago. The archipelago hosts nesting hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata and green turtles Chelonia mydas, both heavily exploited for 2 centuries until protection in 1968–1970. We assessed available nesting habitat and spatial distribution of nesting activity during rapid surveys of 90% of the archipelago's coastline in 1996, 1999, 2006 and 2016. We quantified seasonality and mean annual egg clutch production from monthly track counts during 2006–2018 along a 2.8 km index beach on Diego Garcia island. An estimated 56% (132 km) of coastline provided suitable nesting habitat. Diego Garcia and Peros Banhos atolls accounted for 90.4% of hawksbill and 70.4% of green turtle nesting. Hawksbill turtles showed distinct nesting peaks during October–February, and green turtles nested year-round with elevated activity during June–October. Estimates of 6,300 hawksbill and 20,500 green turtle clutches laid annually during 2011–2018 indicate that nesting on the Chagos Archipelago has increased 2–5 times for hawksbill turtles and 4–9 times for green turtles since 1996. Regional estimates indicate green turtles produce 10 times more egg clutches than hawksbill turtles, and the Chagos Archipelago accounts for 39–51% of an estimated 12,500–16,000 hawksbill and 14–20% of an estimated 104,000–143,500 green turtle clutches laid in the south-west Indian Ocean. The improved status may reflect > 40 years without significant exploitation. Long-term monitoring is needed to captureinterannual variation in nesting numbers and minimize uncertainty in population estimates.
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Alejandro, Alejandro Jr. "Road mortality of freshwater turtles in Palawan, Philippines." Palawan Scientist 11 (July 2019): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.69721/tps.j.2019.11.1.08.
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The impact of road mortality on freshwater turtle populations on a global scale could be significant enough to cause the extinction of sensitive species. Essential data on roadkill abundance, composition, spatial patterns, and temporal distribution is needed for crafting mitigation strategies. To provide such information, a survey was conducted along the highway section (67 km) connecting Aborlan and Puerto Princesa City in Palawan, Philippines. Collection of data was done four times a month from January 2010 to December 2015. A total of 127 road-killed turtles belonging to two species of the Geoemydidae family were recorded, 102 (80.3%) of which were classified as the Southeast Asian Box Turtle (Cuora amboinensis) and 25 (19.7%) were identified as the Asian Leaf Turtle (Cyclemys dentata). The increase in road traffic noticed during the survey period possibly caused the corresponding increase in the roadkill counts of C. amboinensis, which is a more common species. Concurrently, the decline in the road-kill counts of C. dentata may indicate a severe drop in the population of this less common species. Roadside habitat types, time of the day, and presence of water bodies are found to be important predictors of road-killed turtles. High densities of road-killed turtles clustered in short segments of the road which identified as hotspots. Effective mitigating measures to curve down the impact of road mortality on turtle populations must be implemented and focusing the conservation strategies along the hotspots is considered an efficient and practical option.
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Zuffi, Marco A. L., Alice Spinelli, Vuk Ikovic, Marco Mangiacotti, Roberto Sacchi, and Stefano Scali. "Population size and density in two European pond turtle populations of central Italy." Amphibia-Reptilia 41, no. 4 (May 19, 2020): 461–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-bja10014.
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Abstract Two populations of the European pond turtle were studied employing capture, marking and recapture (CMR) techniques to determine population density and abundance in natural and protected areas within the Regional Natural park Migliarino San Rossore Massaciuccoli in north western Tuscany, Italy. The results indicated strong sexual size dimorphism in both populations, with males smaller than females. In one area Emys orbicularis was in general smaller in size with a very low reproductive rate (three out of 25 adult females were gravid), which contrasted with a second population where 20 out of 42 females were gravid. Population estimates indicated 79 turtles were present in the first area (0.34 ha) and 61 turtles in the second area (0.58 ha), giving an overall density estimate of 183.6 turtles/ha and 146.7 turtles/ha respectively. Whilst our results are similar to those found in other areas of Europe, they diverge from other regions, suggesting that sampling and monitoring techniques should be standardized to obtain comparable data that will enable conservation and protection measures to be recommended.
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Davy, Christina M., and Robert W. Murphy. "Conservation genetics of the endangered Spotted Turtle (Clemmys guttata) illustrate the risks of “bottleneck tests”." Canadian Journal of Zoology 92, no. 2 (February 2014): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2013-0188.
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Studies of population genetics in turtles have suggested that turtles do not experience genetic impacts of bottlenecks as strongly as expected. However, recent studies cast doubt on two commonly used tests implemented in the program BOTTLENECK, suggesting that these findings should be re-evaluated. The Spotted Turtle (Clemmys guttata (Schneider, 1792)) is endangered both globally and within Canada, but genetic data required to develop effective recovery strategies are unavailable. Here, we conducted the first study of population genetic structure in C. guttata. We then used multiple small populations of C. guttata as replicates to test whether the commonly used program BOTTLENECK could detect the genetic signature of bottlenecks in our study populations, which are all thought to have experienced significant declines in the past 2–3 generations (75 years). Turtles (n = 256) were genotyped at 11 microsatellite loci. A suite of Bayesian population genetics analyses and a principal coordinates analysis identified a minimum of 6 distinct genetic populations and a maximum of 10 differentiated subpopulations across the sampled Canadian range of C. guttata, which corresponded to demographically independent units. BOTTLENECK failed to detect population declines. A literature review found that bottleneck tests in 17 of 18 previous genetic studies of tortoises and freshwater turtles were based on suboptimal sampling, potentially confounding their results. High retention of genetic diversity (allelic richness and heterozygosity) in isolated populations of C. guttata and other turtle species is encouraging for species recovery, but conclusions about the prevalence of genetic bottlenecks in such populations should be re-examined.
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Maldonado-Gasca,, A., and M. Zapata-Rosales. "PRIMEROS REGISTROS DE TORTUGAS BLANCAS Chelonia mydas CON FIBROPAPILOMAS, EN YUCATÁN, MÉXICO." CICIMAR Oceánides 22, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2007): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37543/oceanides.v22i1-2.35.
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First reports of green turtles Chelonia mydas with fibropapillomas, in Yucatán, México Fibropapillomas are cutaneous tumors that affect the health of marine turtles worldwide. In July 11th of 1998, a juvenile green turtle (Chelonia mydas) with tumors was captured by fishermen in the Sea Turtles Sanctuary of Rio Lagartos, Yucatán. The straight carapace length of this turtle was 44.6 cm, and we found 30 tumors with a size from 1 cm - 10 cm on the back flippers, neck, front flippers and in both eyes. On July 10th, 1999, another juvenile green turtle with fibropapillomatosis was captured by fishermen in the same area. This turtle was smaller (S.C.L. = 40.8 cm) with 5 small tumors (1 cm - 4 cm) on the back flippers and tail. The prevalence of fibro papillomatosis in Yucatan is low (2.4%). Considering the migratory route of this species and the high prevalence of green turtles with fibropapillomas in Florida, USA, we suggest an initial contagion between the populations of these peninsulas. Those are the first documented reports of green turtles with fibropapillomas in Yucatán, México.
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Maldonado-Gasca,, A., and M. Zapata-Rosales. "PRIMEROS REGISTROS DE TORTUGAS BLANCAS Chelonia mydas CON FIBROPAPILOMAS, EN YUCATÁN, MÉXICO." CICIMAR Oceánides 22, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2007): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37543/oceanides.v22i1-2.35.
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First reports of green turtles Chelonia mydas with fibropapillomas, in Yucatán, México Fibropapillomas are cutaneous tumors that affect the health of marine turtles worldwide. In July 11th of 1998, a juvenile green turtle (Chelonia mydas) with tumors was captured by fishermen in the Sea Turtles Sanctuary of Rio Lagartos, Yucatán. The straight carapace length of this turtle was 44.6 cm, and we found 30 tumors with a size from 1 cm - 10 cm on the back flippers, neck, front flippers and in both eyes. On July 10th, 1999, another juvenile green turtle with fibropapillomatosis was captured by fishermen in the same area. This turtle was smaller (S.C.L. = 40.8 cm) with 5 small tumors (1 cm - 4 cm) on the back flippers and tail. The prevalence of fibro papillomatosis in Yucatan is low (2.4%). Considering the migratory route of this species and the high prevalence of green turtles with fibropapillomas in Florida, USA, we suggest an initial contagion between the populations of these peninsulas. Those are the first documented reports of green turtles with fibropapillomas in Yucatán, México.
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Rauzana, Anita, Lenni Fitri, Yekki Yasmin, Suwarno Suwarno, and Wira Dharma. "Konservasi Penyu Di Pantai Pasi Jalang, Lhoknga, Kabupaten Aceh Besar." COMSEP: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 4, no. 3 (October 9, 2022): 266–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.54951/comsep.v3i3.309.
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The Lhoknga beach area is one of the areas in Aceh that has beautiful beaches and enormous potential for marine wealth, including turtles. This area is a paradise for turtles to lay their eggs. Turtles are reptiles living in the sea and whose existence has long been threatened by nature and human activities. Internationally, sea turtles are included in the 'red list' in the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), which means that their existence in nature is threatened with extinction, so all forms of utilization and distribution must receive serious attention. Therefore, turtle conservation efforts are an essential and urgent program to protect and save turtle populations, especially in Indonesia because, in Indonesia, there are 6 out of 7 turtle species that still exist today. This activity has been completed at Lhoknga Beach by releasing 120 turtle hatchlings. It is hoped that this community service activity will be able to increase public awareness to participate together in preserving turtles and not hunting them anymore.
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Braman, Charles A., Joseph B. Pfaller, Kristina L. Williams, and Brian T. Forschler. "Presence of Native and Non-native Ants Linked to Lower Emergence Success of Loggerhead Sea Turtle Nests: Implications for Management." Environmental Entomology 50, no. 3 (April 5, 2021): 649–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvab021.
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Abstract Ants have been suggested as one of many population pressures sea turtles face potentially affecting nesting-beach survival of eggs and hatchlings. However, little is known about the extent to which ants act as incidental or primary mortality factors. Most research has focused on New World fire ants (genus Solenopsis), with confirmed records of other ant species interactions with sea turtle nests in situ being rare. Our study documented the ant species associated with loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta (Linnaeus) (Testudines: Cheloniidae) nests in Georgia and determined if ant presence was linked to lower hatching or emergence success. Samples (n = 116) collected from sea turtle nests on eight islands contained 14 ant species including Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), the red imported fire ant, which was the most common ant species encountered. Ant presence was not correlated with lower hatching success, but when other known disturbances were removed, correlated with significantly lower nest emergence success (P < 0.0001). Logistic modeling suggests that proximity of sea turtle nests to the primary dune significantly increases risk of ant predation on hatchling sea turtles. Population managers can reduce this risk by maintaining a 1-m buffer shoreward between dune vegetation and relocated sea turtle nests. Our results suggest that ants may exert a density-dependent pressure on nesting sea turtle populations and call for additional investigations to determine if managing native and invasive ants augments other efforts to improve hatchling survival.
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Olendo, Mike I., Gladys M. Okemwa, Cosmas N. Munga, Lilian K. Mulupi, Lily D. Mwasi, Hassan B. Mohamed, Mxolisi Sibanda, and Harrison O. Ong'anda. "The value of long-term, community-based monitoring of marine turtle nesting: a study in the Lamu archipelago, Kenya." Oryx 53, no. 1 (August 1, 2017): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605317000771.
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AbstractMonitoring of nesting beaches is often the only feasible and low-cost approach for assessing sea turtle populations. We investigated spatio-temporal patterns of sea turtle nesting activity monitored over 17 successive years in the Lamu archipelago, Kenya. Community-based patrols were conducted on 26 stretches of beach clustered in five major locations. A total of 2,021 nests were recorded: 1,971 (97.5%) green turtleChelonia mydasnests, 31 (1.5%) hawksbillEretmochelys imbricatanests, 8 (0.4%) olive ridleyLepidochelys olivaceanests and 11 (0.5%) unidentified nests. Nesting occurred year-round, increasing during March–July, when 74% of nests were recorded. A stable trend in mean annual nesting densities was observed in all locations. Mean clutch sizes were 117.7 ± SE 1 eggs (range 20–189) for green turtles, 103±SE 6 eggs (range 37–150) for hawksbill turtles, and 103±SE 6 eggs (range 80–133) for olive ridley turtles. Curved carapace length for green turtles was 65–125 cm, and mean annual incubation duration was 55.5±SE 0.05 days. The mean incubation duration for green turtle nests differed significantly between months and seasons but not locations. The hatching success (pooled data) was 81.3% (n = 1,841) and was higher for in situ nests (81.0±SE 1.5%) compared to relocated nests (77.8±SE 1.4%). The results highlight the important contribution of community-based monitoring in Kenya to sustaining the sea turtle populations of the Western Indian Ocean region.
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Carstairs, Sue, Marc Dupuis-Desormeaux, and Christina M. Davy. "Revisiting the hypothesis of sex-biased turtle road mortality." Canadian Field-Naturalist 132, no. 3 (April 11, 2019): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v132i3.1908.
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Road mortality poses a major threat to turtle populations. Several studies have suggested that the terrestrial movements associated with nesting increase this risk for females. The Ontario Turtle Conservation Centre (OTCC) is home to the Kawartha Turtle Trauma Centre, which admits 900 or more turtles a year, with road injuries the primary cause of admission. We tested the hypothesis that road mortality in turtles is female-biased using data from injured Midland Painted Turtles (Chrysemys picta marginata), Snapping Turtles (Chelydra serpentina), Blanding’s Turtles (Emydoidea blandingii), and Northern Map Turtles (Graptemys geographica) collected over about 126 000 km2 and admitted to OTCC’s hospital from January 2013 to October 2017. There was no difference in the number of male and female admissions of Midland Painted, Blanding’s, or Snapping Turtles (P > 0.05); however, more female Northern Map Turtles than males were admitted (P < 0.001). Admission of female turtles peaked in June during the nesting season, but male admissions were more evenly distributed throughout the season. Our admissions data provide a temporally unbiased and geographically broad snapshot of turtle–vehicle interactions that can directly inform conservation and management policies. Although our data are not equivalent to mortality rates, these results demonstrate that vehicle strikes can have a substantial impact on both female and male turtles.
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Platt, Steven G., Tint Lwin, Naing Win, Htay Lin Aung, Kalyar Platt, and Thomas R. Rainwater. "An interview-based survey to determine the conservation status of Softshell Turtles (Reptilia: Trionychidae) in the Irrawaddy Dolphin Protected Area, Myanmar." Journal of Threatened Taxa 9, no. 12 (December 26, 2017): 10998. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.3632.9.12.10998-11008.
Full textAbstract:
We conducted an interview-based survey to investigate the conservation status of large (adult carapace length >400mm) Softshell Turtles (Amyda ornata, Chitra vandijki, and Nilssonia formosa) in the Irrawaddy Dolphin Protected Area (IDPA) of Myanmar during November 2015. Our objectives were to: (1) determine which species of Softshell Turtles occur in IDPA, (2) assess threats to these populations, (3) evaluate the protected area as a release site for captive-bred Softshell Turtles, and (4) make conservation recommendations. To this end, we interviewed 180 people (mostly males) in 30 villages and verified the occurrence of all three species of Softshell Turtles in IDPA. Softshell Turtle populations appear to have undergone precipitous declines during the last 10–15 years largely driven by commercial demand from the illegal trans-boundary wildlife trade with China. Turtle hunting is no longer considered economically worthwhile, but Softshell Turtles continue to be taken as fisheries by-catch. We recommend that existing regulations designed to protect dolphins be enforced, and most importantly electro-fishing be eliminated from IDPA. We also urge authorities to revisit earlier proposals to reduce or eliminate the use of monofilament gill netting in IDPA. Implementation of a community-based fisheries plan to address these issues is warranted. In lieu of effective action, Softshell Turtle populations in IDPA face almost certain extirpation in the near future. IDPA is currently considered unsuitable as a release site for captive-bred Softshell Turtles.
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Zhang, Ting, Liu Lin, Daniel Gaillard, Fang Chen, Huaiqing Chen, Meimei Li, Shannan Wu, Zhao Wang, and Haitao Shi. "Rapid authenticity testing of artificially bred green turtles (Chelonia mydas) using microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA markers." PeerJ 9 (October 28, 2021): e12410. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12410.
Full textAbstract:
Sea turtles are threatened by climate change and human activity, and their global populations continue to decline sharply. The Chinese government encourages artificial breeding of sea turtles to reduce the use of wild populations. However, artificial breeding of sea turtles is still fairly difficult, and some facilities may illegally purchase wild turtle eggs and then sell incubated turtles by marketing them as artificially bred turtles, which adds another threat to an already endangered species. Therefore, it is necessary to find a reliable method to distinguish the authenticity of artificially bred individuals. In this study, we investigated a turtle farm in southern China, that contained more than 400 green turtles, which were claimed to have been bred in captivity. Parentage testing of turtles from this farm was successfully conducted using two nuclear microsatellites combined with a mitochondrial D-loop DNA marker. Genetic matching of all 19 adults and randomly selected 16 juvenile turtles revealed that none of the juvenile turtles had a matching parent combination among the adult turtles. Therefore, we speculated that the green turtles in this farm were from the wild and that their origin of birth was mainly the Sulu Sea. The methods and molecular markers used in this study could be a reference for rapid authenticity testing of green turtles in future forensic enforcement and population management.
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Hernández-Fernández, Javier, and Katherin Otálora. "Complete mitochondrial genome of the nesting Colombian Caribbean loggerhead turtle: first approach of tRNAs and phylogenetic analysis." Universitas Scientiarum 23, no. 3 (November 9, 2018): 355–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.sc23-3.cccl.
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The loggerhead marine turtle, Caretta caretta, is a widely distributed and endangered species that is facing critical population decline, especially in Colombian Caribbean rookeries. Mitochondrial DNA sequence data are of great importance for the description, monitoring, and phylogenetic analyses of migratory turtle populations. In this study, the first full mitochondrial genome of a loggerhead turtle nesting in the Colombian Caribbean was sequenced and analyzed. This mitochondrial genome consists of 16 362 bp with a nucleotide composition of T: 25.7 %, C: 27 %, A: 35 % and G: 12 %. Sequence annotation of the assembled molecule revealed an organization and number of coding and functional units as reported for other vertebrate mitogenomes. This Colombian loggerhead turtle (Cc-AO-C) showed a novel D-Loop haplotype consisting of thirteen new variable sites, sharing 99.2 % sequence identity with the previously reported Caribbean loggerhead CC-A1 D-Loophaplotype. All 13 protein-coding genes in the Cc-AO-C mitogenome were compared and aligned with those from four other loggerhead turtles from different locations (Florida, Greece, Peru, and Hawaii). Eleven of these genes presented moderate genetic diversity levels, and genes COII and ND5 showed the highest diversity, with average numbers of pair-wise differences of 16.6 and 25, respectively. In addition, the first approach related to t-RNAs 2D and 3D structure analysis in this mitogenome was conducted, leading to observed unique features in two tRNAs (tRNATrp and tRNALeu). The marine turtle phylogeny was revisited with the newly generated data. The entire mitogenome provided phylogenetically informative data, as well as individual genes ND5, ND4, and 16S. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of complete mitogenome data in revealing gene flow processes in natural loggerhead turtle populations, as well as in understanding the evolutionary history of marine turtles.
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Rodriguez, AR, and KL Heck Jr. "Green turtle herbivory and its effects on the warm, temperate seagrass meadows of St. Joseph Bay, Florida (USA)." Marine Ecology Progress Series 639 (April 2, 2020): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13285.
Full textAbstract:
Green turtles Chelonia mydas occur sporadically in tropical and subtropical latitudes, but effective conservation efforts are leading to increasing abundances at higher latitudes. One consequence of increased green turtle abundance in some locations has been the overgrazing of seagrasses, their preferred food item. Recent, large increases in juvenile green turtle abundance in the warm temperate northern Gulf of Mexico, especially in the clear waters of St Joseph Bay, FL, make this a prime location to study effects of their feeding activities on the extensive turtlegrass Thalassia testudinum-dominated meadows. Using caging and simulated grazing to quantify green turtle effects, we found that excluding green turtles led to increased Thalassia shoot density, and that simulating turtle grazing resulted in narrowed leaves and decreased turtlegrass productivity. Naturally grazed areas protected from further turtle grazing did not recover after 14 wk of protection. Two years following relaxation of simulated grazing, turtlegrass continued to show residual stress symptoms, with narrower and fewer leaves per shoot than control areas. The future success of sea turtle conservation efforts is critically linked, and dependent on, the protection and sustainability of globally decreasing sea turtle feeding grounds. Thus, continued study of how increasing green turtle populations affect warm temperate turtlegrass meadows will provide important information on how best to manage both turtle and seagrass resources.
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Whiting, AU, M. Chaloupka, N. Pilcher, P. Basintal, and CJ Limpus. "Sampling nesting sea turtles: optimizing survey design to minimize error." Marine Ecology Progress Series 674 (September 16, 2021): 257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13824.
Full textAbstract:
Many sea turtle studies globally use counts of nesting activities as a proxy for population abundance estimates and as an indicator of trends within the population. Often these populations are sampled temporally and spatially, but few previous studies have examined the impact of different sampling techniques on the accuracy of these estimates. We investigated temporal sampling errors using a multi-species approach, examining 10 populations comprising green, loggerhead and leatherback sea turtles. Sampling errors were investigated from random, regular and continuous sampling regimes spanning 5-80% coverage. A count approach was used rather than an individual-based capture-mark-recapture approach to broaden the scope and application of the research. Modelling showed that even low survey coverage of 5% gave reasonably accurate estimates of annual nesting activity, with estimated errors of ca. 20% (mean + 1 SD equalling 84.1% of surveys). Survey error is low relative to changes in abundance from the inter-annual variations in nesting activity that occur in sea turtle populations. Thus, annual studies are important to estimate sea turtle abundance, even if these studies have low survey coverage. An increase in survey effort may be more cost effective if spent combining estimates of total nesting activity with sampling turtles as part of a capture-mark-recapture study. This approach will provide a second estimate of annual abundance as well as an estimate of demographic parameters including clutch frequencies, remigration intervals, survivorship, immigration and emigration. This estimation of sampling errors may be useful in the design of monitoring programmes and can be used to guide management and policy decisions.
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Georges, Arthur, Erika Alacs, Matthew Pauza, Felix Kinginapi, Amos Ona, and Carla Eisemberg. "Freshwater turtles of the Kikori Drainage, Papua New Guinea, with special reference to the pig-nosed turtle, Carettochelys insculpta." Wildlife Research 35, no. 7 (2008): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07120.
Full textAbstract:
A survey of the Kikori River drainage of the Gulf Province of Papua New Guinea identified four species of freshwater turtle. The pig-nosed turtle Carettochelys insculpta and the southern New Guinea soft-shelled turtle Pelochelys bibroni are riverine species. The New Guinea spotted turtle Elseya novaeguineae lives primarily in the tidal freshwater creeks and streams, flooded sinkholes and swamps of the lowland rainforest. The New Guinea painted turtle Emydura subglobosa resides almost exclusively in forest sinkholes and swamps. Pelochelys bibroni was the least-common species, and is probably locally endangered. Greatest turtle diversity occurred in the Karst Plains of the Kikori sub-basin, where there is a greater diversity of habitat available to turtles. Lowest diversity occurred in the highlands, where turtles were present in very low density as introduced populations, brought in from the Kikori lowlands, Mount Bosavi and the Western Province by visiting relatives. Linguistic diversity concurred with turtle diversity of the regions in which the languages were spoken. C. insculpta nests both on riverine sand beaches and on coastal beaches, sand spits and isolated sand bars where the Kikori River discharges into the Gulf of Papua. Adult females and eggs of C. insculpta are harvested heavily by local people for local consumption.
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Greenblatt, Rebecca J., Sandra L. Quackenbush, Rufina N. Casey, Joel Rovnak, George H. Balazs, Thierry M. Work, James W. Casey, and Claudia A. Sutton. "Genomic Variation of the Fibropapilloma-Associated Marine Turtle Herpesvirus across Seven Geographic Areas and Three Host Species." Journal of Virology 79, no. 2 (January 15, 2005): 1125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.2.1125-1132.2005.
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ABSTRACT Fibropapillomatosis (FP) of marine turtles is an emerging neoplastic disease associated with infection by a novel turtle herpesvirus, fibropapilloma-associated turtle herpesvirus (FPTHV). This report presents 23 kb of the genome of an FPTHV infecting a Hawaiian green turtle (Chelonia mydas). By sequence homology, the open reading frames in this contig correspond to herpes simplex virus genes UL23 through UL36. The order, orientation, and homology of these putative genes indicate that FPTHV is a member of the Alphaherpesvirinae. The UL27-, UL30-, and UL34-homologous open reading frames from FPTHVs infecting nine FP-affected marine turtles from seven geographic areas and three turtle species (C. mydas, Caretta caretta, and Lepidochelys olivacea) were compared. A high degree of nucleotide sequence conservation was found among these virus variants. However, geographic variations were also found: the FPTHVs examined here form four groups, corresponding to the Atlantic Ocean, West pacific, mid-Pacific, and east Pacific. Our results indicate that FPTHV was established in marine turtle populations prior to the emergence of FP as it is currently known.
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Brown, LJ, and CM Davy. "Evaluation of spot patterns and carapace abnormalities of an Endangered freshwater turtle, Clemmys guttata, as a potential tool for population assignment." Endangered Species Research 45 (June 17, 2021): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr01120.
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Many of the world’s contemporary species of turtle are extinct or threatened with extinction due to habitat loss, increases in anthropogenic sources of mortality, and poaching (illegal collection). The slow life-history strategy of most turtle species magnifies the effects of poaching because the loss of even a few mature individuals can impact population growth. Returning poached turtles to their population of origin, where possible, can mitigate these effects, but identifying the origin of these individuals can be challenging. We hypothesized that spot patterns might allow assignment of Endangered spotted turtles Clemmys guttata to their population of origin. We characterized and compared spot patterns from carapace photographs of 126 individuals from 10 sites. To explore other types of information these photographs might provide, we also documented carapacial scute abnormalities and quantified their association with genetic diversity and latitude. Spot pattern similarity was not higher within populations than among populations and did not accurately differentiate populations. Carapacial scute abnormalities occurred in 82% of turtles and were not correlated with estimates of neutral genetic diversity. Abnormalities were positively correlated with latitude, implicating thermal stress during the early stages of development in the generation of some scute deformities. However, this relationship became non-significant when line (scute seam) abnormalities were excluded from the data, suggesting a different primary cause for the more severe scute deformities. Further research should continue to investigate the drivers of these deformities, as monitoring shifts in the frequency of scute deformities may provide relevant information for conservation and recovery of endangered turtles.
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Báez, José C., Raimundo Real, and Juan A. Camiñas. "Differential distribution within longline transects of loggerhead turtles and swordfish captured by the Spanish Mediterranean surface longline fishery." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 87, no. 3 (May 16, 2007): 801–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315407054744.
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Surface longline targeting mainly swordfish is considered a major threat for loggerhead turtle populations in the western Mediterranean Sea. For this reason, it is necessary to analyse the relationship between the characteristics of longline sets and loggerhead turtle by-catch. The objective of this study is to look for differential spatial distribution of loggerhead turtle and swordfish captures along the longline to gain insights that might be useful to diminish unintended, incidental catch of turtles without affecting the captures of the target species.Longlines are divided into transects separated by two consecutives buoys. During the 1999 fishing period of the traditional (without roller) Spanish surface drifting longline fleet (August to November), 59 technically homogeneous fishing operations, composed of 23 sections each, were observed. Chi-square test was used to compare loggerhead turtle and swordfish distributions among transects with those expected at random. Significant differences were obtained only for loggerhead turtles, with 93% of the specimens caught in the second half of the longline transects, which were retrieved from the sea during daytime. Significant differences were not found for the swordfish along the whole longline or for loggerhead turtle captures retrieved during daytime. We conclude that swordfish captures are independent of retrieval time whereas the incidental catch of loggerhead turtles occurs mainly during daytime, probably because loggerhead turtles use vision to locate baits.
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Habibullah, Lubis, Amirudin Suwaib, and Prafitri Nikki. "Implementasi Kebijakan Pengelolaan Kawasan Konservasi di Kecamatan Ciracap Kabupaten Sukabumi Jawa Barat." Epistemik: Indonesian Journal of Social and Political Science 4, no. 1 (April 29, 2023): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.57266/epistemik.v4i1.127.
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The turtle conservation area management policy is the basis for efforts to protect turtle populations that are threatened with extinction. Turtle as a protected animal, its population is important to be protected from extinction. The turtle conservation program has an important role in the management of turtle conservation as a means of achieving turtle sustainability and supporting community life. Through this policy on the management of the turtle conservation area, the Provincial Government and its working staff carry out conservation activities at Pangumbahan Beach, which is the locus of the research. The purpose of this study was to determine how the management of the conservation area in Pangumbahan Beach. Researchers used qualitative methods. The selection of research informants used purposive sampling and snowball techniques. This study uses the theory proposed by Van Metter and Van Horn consisting of 6 aspects, namely: Policy Objectives and Measures, Resources, Characteristics of Implementing Agents, Attitudes and Tendencies (dispositions) of implementing implementors, Communication between implementers, Economic, Social and Political Environment. The results of this study indicate that the Management of the Turtle Conservation Area on Pangumbahan Beach still has problems with the activities of the surrounding community such as fishermen who reflect light at night because it affects the landing of turtles who want to land on the coast to lay their eggs.