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1
Boero, Sara. "Caratteristiche anatomiche del corpo genicolato mediale nel tursiope (Tursiops truncatus)." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6626/.
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La conoscenza del sistema nervoso centrale dei Cetacei si limita alla morfologia esterna, mentre la storia evolutiva, invece, è ben documentata. Il sistema nervoso centrale, che funziona da interfaccia tra il corpo dell’animale e l’ambiente circostante, integra le informazioni afferenti in una reazione adatta alla sopravvivenza dell’individuo. L’aumento o la diminuzione delle aree cerebrali dipende dall’implicazione funzionale che esse hanno per l’organismo e, nel tursiope, quelle particolarmente sviluppate sono connesse alla trasmissione ed elaborazione delle informazioni acustiche comprendendo le cortecce acustiche, il pulvinar, il nucleo genicolato mediale, il collicolo caudale ed alcuni nuclei pontini. Esse sono basilari per la sopravvivenza nell’ ambiente acquatico. Questo studio si è occupato di delineare le caratteristiche citoarchitettoniche (con riferimento alla morfologia ed alle dimensioni dei neuroni) e l'espressione della calbindina-D28k del corpo genicolato mediale, importante centro di integrazione delle informazioni acustiche. Le sue caratteristiche morfofunzionali sono state studiate soprattutto nei Roditori, nei Carnivori e nei Primati, ed è emersa la presenza di tre aree citoarchitettoniche: nucleo dorsale (MGd), nucleo ventrale (MGv) e nucleo mediale (MGm). Nel tursiope, in base alla densità di distribuzione dei neuroni, si possono evidenziare, invece, due nuclei principali: il ventro-laterale ed il dorso-mediale. Nel primo nucleo i neuroni presenti appaiono più densamente stipati che nel secondo. Nel corpo genicolato mediale di tursiope, come nei Chirotteri, le cellule calbindina-D28k-immunoreattive sono distribuite in maniera diffusa ed uniforme. Tali cellule ricevono informazioni modulatorie afferenti soprattutto dalla corteccia cerebrale; di conseguenza è possibile ipotizzare come le infomazioni modulatorie che dalla neocorteccia si portano al corpo genicolato mediale non terminino in aree specifiche, come accade in molti Mammiferi terrestri, ma si distribuiscano in maniera diffusa a tutto il corpo. Tale caratteristica anatomica potrebbe indicare la presenza di un maggior controllo modulatorio, eventualmente correlato al fenomeno dell’ecolocazione, operato dalla corteccia cerebrale sul corpo genicolato mediale.
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Panin, Mattia. "Concentrazione plasmatica e produzione extrapineale di melatonina nel tursiope (Tursiops truncatus)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422925.
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Melatonin is a ubiquitous hormone, produced both by vertebrates and invertebrates, including also bacteria and protozoans, besides superior plants. Its main role is to regulate biological rhythms, thanks to a secretion pattern reflecting the daily light-dark cycle, determining so-called circadian rhythms. Over the year, this daily rhythm changes slightly but constantly with changing daylength, generating a circannual or seasonal rhythm. Circulating melatonin in mammals is synthesized by the pineal gland (or epiphysis cerebri), a neuroendocrine structure situated on the roof of the third ventricle, belonging to the diencephalon. This gland in cetaceans is apparently absent, though there are controversial reports in the literature, some reporting its presence. In some species yet, some authors found it in some individuals, whereas other studies on conspecifics did not detect it. This is the case also for the common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), the subject of this study. The aim of the present research is to assess some aspects of melatonin production, which has never been investigated in this species, from different point of views, macroscopic, physiological and biomolecular. First, the presence of a pineal gland was evaluated in a series of bottlenose dolphin brains, all of which unfortunately lacked one. To verify if melatonin was produced all the same, blood samples were collected from two groups of captive bottlenose dolphins in two different locations, over a 7 month period. Hormone concentration was determined by a validated radioimmunoassay (RIA), revealing for the first time the actual presence of melatonin in the blood, with little seasonal and daily fluctuations. The significance of these variations was somewhat limited due to the impossibility to cope with the scheduled sampling design, obtaining a much lower sample size than expected.
Since the pineal is apparently absent in bottlenose dolphins, but its main product is actually found in the blood of this species, melatonin synthesis by alternative sources was investigated. In the literature, extrapineal melatonin production is well documented in some tissues, though their relative contribution to circulating levels has still to be elucidated. In mammals the three main extrapineal sites are the retina, the Harderian gland and the gastro-intestinal tract. The presence of the enzyme hydroxyindole-O-methyl-transferase (HIOMT), the last one of melatonin biosynthetic pathway, was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Bovine pineal glands were used as a positive control. All the three tissues were positively labeled, though with some differences with respect to most mammals. To confirm HIOMT presence in immunoreactive tissues, the presence of its mRNA was evaluated through PCR. Since there are currently no cetacean sequences of the enzyme, five different primer couples were designed, one on the known bovine sequence, the others on the bottlenose dolphin predicted sequence available on the ENSEMBL genome database. None of them unfortunately gave positive results, even in the immunoreactive tissues, prompting the need in future studies to characterize the HIOMT gene of the bottlenose dolphin, so to obtain the correct sequence and to design specific primers.
A further aspect concerning melatonin production in the bottlenose dolphin was the possible use of an in vivo model alternative to that of the whole animal, i.e. cell cultures. Since in the literature melatonin production was demonstrated in the skin of some mammalian species, and since skin samples are the easiest to obtain during a cetacean necropsy, primary cell cultures were established from bottlenose dolphin cutaneous specimens. After stabilizing them by an immortalization process, the cultures were characterized by karyotyping and by labeling specific cytoskeletal markers. The expression of HIOMT by skin cells was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and by PCR, both with negative results, suggesting that skin in the bottlenose dolphin might not be able to synthesize melatonin.La melatonina è un ormone ubiquitario, prodotto sia in vertebrati che in invertebrati, compresi batteri e protozoi, oltre che in piante superiori. Il suo ruolo principale nei vertebrati è quello di regolatore dei ritmi biologici, grazie a un pattern di secrezione che riflette l’alternanza del ciclo luce-buio durante il giorno, determinando ritmi circadiani. Nel corso dell’anno questo ritmo cambia continuamente in risposta alla variazione della lunghezza del giorno, determinando complessivamente un ritmo circannuale o stagionale. La melatonina circolante nei mammiferi è prodotta per la maggior parte dalla ghiandola pineale (o epifisi), struttura neuroendocrina posta sul tetto del terzo ventricolo e facente parte del diencefalo. Questa ghiandola nei cetacei è generalmente considerata assente, anche se i riscontri in letteratura sono contraddittori, dato che in alcune specie ne viene documentata la presenza. In altre specie ancora, alcuni autori la osservano in alcuni esemplari, mentre altri studi su individui conspecifici non la individuano. Quest’ultimo caso riguarda anche il comune tursiope (Tursiops truncatus), che è stato l’oggetto di questo studio. L’obiettivo di questa ricerca è stato quello di valutare alcuni aspetti della produzione di melatonina, non ancora studiata in questa specie, da diversi punti di vista, macroscopico, fisiologico e biomolecolare. Per prima cosa è stata valutata la presenza della pineale in una serie di encefali di tursiope, dei quali nessuno sfortunatamente presentava la ghiandola. Per verificare se la melatonina fosse comunque prodotta in questa specie è stata organizzata la raccolta periodica di campioni di sangue da esemplari tenuti in cattività, nell’arco di sette mesi, in due gruppi in località distinte. La concentrazione di melatonina è stata determinata attraverso un radioimmunosaggio (RIA), che ha rivelato per la prima volta l’effettiva presenza dell’ormone nel sangue, con alcune fluttuazioni stagionali e variazioni giornaliere. La significatività di tali variazioni è stata purtroppo limitata dall’impossibilità di rispettare a pieno il disegno di campionamento, ottenendo meno campioni del previsto. Poiché la pineale è apparentemente assente ma il suo principale secreto è presente nel sangue di tursiope, è stata valutata la sua produzione da parte di siti alternativi. In letteratura è ampiamente documentata la produzione extrapineale di melatonina in alcuni tessuti, anche se il loro effettivo contributo ai livelli circolanti dell’ormone non è ancora del tutto chiaro. Nei mammiferi i tre principali siti extrapineali sono la retina, la ghiandola di Harder e l’intestino. È stata quindi indagata la potenziale secrezione di melatonina da parte di questi tessuti nel tursiope, tramite immunoistochimica contro l’enzima idrossiindol-O-metil-trasferasi (HIOMT), l’ultimo della via biosintetica dell’ormone. Come controllo positivo è stato utilizzata la pineale di bovino. Tutti e tre i tessuti sono risultati immunoreattivi, anche se con qualche differenza rispetto alla maggior parte dei mammiferi. Per verificare in modo alternativo la presenza dell’enzima nei tessuti immunopositivi, è stata valutata tramite PCR l’espressione del suo mRNA. Non essendo disponibili sequenze dell’enzima di alcun cetaceo sono state eseguite alcune prove con primer disegnati sulla sequenza di bovino (filogeneticamente vicino al tursiope), oltre che su quella ipotetica del gene di tursiope presente nella banca dati ENSEMBL, per un totale di cinque diverse coppie di primer. Nessuna di esse ha purtroppo dato esito positivo, nemmeno nei tre tessuti immunoreattivi, il che suggerisce la necessità di caratterizzare il gene di HIOMT in studi futuri per risalire alla corretta sequenza e disegnare primer specifici. Un ulteriore aspetto della produzione di melatonina nel tursiope, indagato in questo studio, è stato quello dell’utilizzo di un modello in vivo alternativo a quello dell’animale in toto, ovvero di colture cellulari. Poiché in letteratura è stata dimostrata la produzione di melatonina da parte della cute di alcuni mammiferi, ed essendo la pelle il tessuto più facilmente recuperabile durante la necroscopia di un cetaceo, sono state ricavate delle colture cellulari da campioni cutanei di tursiope. Le coltura primarie inizialmente ottenute sono state stabilizzate tramite processo di immortalizzazione, per poi caratterizzarle attraverso la determinazione del cariotipo e l’identificazione immunoistochimica di specifici marker citoscheletrici. L’espressione di HIOMT da parte delle cellule di cute è stata valutata sia attraverso immunocitochimica, sia attraverso PCR, entrambe risultate negative, suggerendo che la cute nel tursiope non sia un sito di produzione di melatonina.
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Zenaro, Veronica. "Caratteristiche citoarchitettoniche e neurochimiche del nucleo centrale dell'amigdala di Tursiope (Tursiops truncatus)." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9496/.
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Lo studio della sfera emozionale è stato da sempre oggetto d’interesse da parte di molti ambiti della Scienza, nonostante la sua perfetta mappatura costituisca ancora oggi un’ambizione non del tutto raggiunta. Comprendere quale sia il meccanismo specifico di genesi ed elaborazione delle emozioni e quali aree encefaliche ne siano responsabili, costituisce per gli scienziati una sfida di grande interesse. L’importanza dell’Amigdala nello studio e nella comprensione delle emozioni è conseguente alla scoperta di come questa struttura sia responsabile della genesi di un'emozione: la paura. Antica e ben radicata nel percorso evolutivo di ogni specie, la reazione di paura davanti ad un pericolo ha una funzione positiva: protegge da stimoli potenzialmente dannosi e, di base, non si apprende: tutti sono in grado di provare paura.
L’Amigdala, denominata anche complesso nucleare amigdaloideo, è una struttura eterogenea, costituita da circa 13 nuclei e localizzata nella parte mediale del lobo temporale. I nuclei amigdaloidei vengono divisi in 3 gruppi: nuclei profondi, nuclei superficiali ed altre aree amigdaloidee. Le caratteristiche citoarchitettoniche e neurochimiche del complesso nucleare amigdaloideo sono state largamente studiate nei Mammiferi terrestri quali: ratto, scimmia, gatto ed Uomo. In letteratura non sono presenti particolari riferimenti ai Mammiferi marini. Per questo motivo la presente ricerca si propone di mostrare le caratteristiche citoarchitettoniche e neurochimiche del nucleo centrale dell’amigdala di tursiope (Tursiops truncatus), con particolare riferimento alle caratteristiche morfometriche dei neuroni esprimenti parvalbumina, calbindina-D28k e calretinina.
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Cortini, Nadine. "Distribuzione dell'immunoreattività per la calbindina-D28k nell'amigdala palliale di tursiope (Tursiops truncatus)." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
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L’amigdala (o complesso amigdaloideo) è una struttura telencefalica che svolge un ruolo chiave nella genesi delle risposte emotive e nella modulazione della memoria esplicita. Le caratteristiche morfofunzionali del complesso nucleare amigdaloideo sono state studiate in modo dettagliato in ratto, gatto, scimmia e Uomo. Nonostante il notevole sviluppo neurologico, sono quasi assenti i dati relativi alle caratteristiche dell’amigdala palliale dei Cetacei. Di conseguenza, è stata condotta la presente ricerca che, utilizzando le amigdale di quattro tursiopi (Tursiops truncatus) maschi adulti, ha studiato le caratteristiche anatomiche dei nuclei profondi dell’amigdala palliale, considerandone la topografia, l’estensione, la citoarchitettura (morfologia e dimensioni dei neuroni) e l’espressione della calbindina-D28k (CB). Le sezioni del complesso amigdaloideo sono state in parte colorate mediante tecniche di istologia classica (colorazione con tionina) e in parte sottoposte a specifiche reazioni di immunoistochimica (immunoperossidasi e immunofluorescenza). L’analisi morfometrica dei neuroni colorati con tionina e di quelli CB-immunoreattivi ha riportato le aree dei pirenofori, espresse come media ± deviazione standard, misurate dopo averne tracciato manualmente il profilo. L’osservazione topografica ha rivelato che i nuclei profondi dell’amigdala comprendono il nucleo laterale, basale, basale accessorio e paralaminare (assente nei Roditori). I neuroni presenti nell’amigdala palliale profonda possono essere suddivisi in due categorie: piramidali e non-piramidali. Le tecniche di istologia classica hanno dimostrato che i neuroni piramidali rappresentano il 68.13% della popolazione neuronale e quelli non-piramidali il 31.87%: dato simile ai Primati. Infine, con i dati immunoistochimici ottenuti è possibile ritenere che, anche nel tursiope, parte dei circuiti inibitori presenti nei nuclei profondi dell’amigdala palliale siano costituiti da neuroni non-piramidali contenenti CB.
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Alpa, Riccardo. "Distribuzione dei neuroni immunoreattivi per la sostanza P nei nuclei profondi del complesso amigdaloideo di Tursiope (Tursiops truncatus)." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14711/.
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Il complesso amigdaloideo (o amigdala) è una struttura cerebrale pari, composta da sostanza grigia, di forma ovoidale e localizzata nella parte profonda della regione rostromediale del lobo temporale di ciascun emisfero cerebrale. L’amigdala è costituita da 14 nuclei, diversificati sulla base delle loro caratteristiche citoarchitettoniche, immunoistochimiche e di connessione. Tale struttura è molto importante nella regolazione del comportamento emotivo, intervenendo nella genesi di paura, ansia, aggressività e comportamento sessuale. L’amigdala, inoltre, interviene anche nella memoria implicita e, tramite le connessioni con la formazione ippocampale, nell’acquisizione e consolidamento della memoria esplicita.
I Cetacei mostrano un forte sviluppo cerebrale, ma i dati in letteratura riferiti al complesso amigdaloideo ed alle sue caratteristiche in questo ordine sono esigui e le ricerche in questo campo sono solo agli inizi. Il presente studio ha valutato topografia, estensione, citoarchitettura ed espressione della sostanza P (SP) nel tursiope (Tursiops truncatus). I neuroni immunoreattivi per la sostanza P sono stati osservati in tutti i nuclei profondi dell’amigdala di tursiope. Gli aspetti morfologici dei neuroni immunorettivi per la SP presenti nei nuclei amigdaloidei profondi di tursiope sono paragonabili a quelli dei neuroni immunoreattivi per la calbindina-D28k evidenziati nei medesimi nuclei da precedenti lavori condotti su Roditori e Primati. Tale aspetto, insieme al fatto che i neuroni SP-immunoreattivi nel ratto possono esprimere anche calbindina-D28k, somatostatina e NPY, indica come i neuroni SP immunoreattivi possano esercitare un controllo inibitorio agendo sia sull'albero dendritico (dendriti prossimali e distali) che sul soma dei neuroni piramidali. La bassa densità di neuroni contenenti SP presenti nei nuclei profondi di tursiope è in accordo con il ridottissimo numero di neuroni SP-immunoreattivi presenti negli stessi nuclei di Uomo e di ratto.
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Bendici, Rossella. "Monitoraggio di popolazioni di tursiopi in nord-Adriatico. Comparazione con il metodo della foto identificazione tra survey 2014 e 2018." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18031/.
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In questo elaborato si vuole valutare la presenza e la distribuzione di popolazioni di Tursiops truncatus nell’Alto Adriatico. Lo studio è stato condotto nell’ambito di progetti di ricerche correnti della Fondazione Cetacea Onlus di Riccione. Il monitoraggio delle popolazioni di tursiope è stato effettuato mediante la tecnica della foto identificazione, una pratica non invasiva che consente di riconoscere gli individui attraverso segni distintivi e permanenti che sono presenti sul corpo dell’animale. La raccolta dei dati è avvenuta nel periodo tra giugno e settembre 2018, le uscite in mare sono state complessivamente 15 coprendo un’area di 1000 km2 tra Ravenna e Goro. Le fotografie dei singoli individui sono state divise a seconda dei giorni ed inserite in un catalogo mediante l’utilizzo del programma informatico Adobe Lightroom 6. In seguito i dati ottenuti sono stati elaborati mediante l’utilizzo del programma Quantum Gis al fine di ottenere una mappatura degli avvistamenti. Gli individui così identificati sono stati confrontati con quelli presenti in un catalogo dell’anno 2014 elaborato nell’ambito di una campagna di monitoraggio effettuata dalla Fondazione Cetacea Onlus nella medesima area di studio all’interno del progetto europeo NetCet.
Dallo studio condotto è stata accertata in totale la presenza di 40 esemplari di T. truncatus di cui solo un esemplare sembra essere presente nel catalogo del 2014 ma non si può affermare con assoluta certezza a causa della sgranatura delle immagini e anche del lungo periodo trascorso tra un survey e l’altro.
Studi volti all’identificazione di unità locali e la definizione delle dimensioni della popolazione di
T. truncatus risultano di fondamentale importanza al fine di poter applicare efficaci misure di conservazione e di gestione della specie stessa e degli habitat.
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Febei, Davide Maria. "Analisi delle interazioni sociali tra un esemplare di Grampo (Grampus griseus) e una comunità di Tursiopi (Tursiops truncatus) residenti in ambiente controllato." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/1405/.
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Caserta, Valentina. "Distribuzione dei neuroni che esprimono il peptide correlato al gene della calcitonina (CGRP) nel midollo spinale di Tursiope (Tursiops truncatus, Montagu, 1821)." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7738/.
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Il peptide correlato al gene della calcitonina (CGRP) è una molecola presente nei neuroni del midollo spinale di diverse specie di Mammiferi, inclusi topi, ratti, conigli, cani, gatti, pecore, scimmie e uomo. Nonostante la distribuzione dei neuroni contenenti questo neuropeptide sia stata studiata in maniera dettagliata nel midollo spinale delle suddette specie, non sono disponibili, in letteratura, informazioni relative alla presenza di queste cellule nel midollo spinale dei Cetacei. Di conseguenza, è stata condotta la presente ricerca che ha avuto lo scopo di determinare, mediante metodiche di immunoistochimica, la distribuzione e la morfologia dei neuroni esprimenti il CGRP nel midollo spinale di tursiope (Tursiops truncatus).
In questa specie, la distribuzione laminare (secondo Rexed) dei neuroni CGRP-immunoreattivi è assai simile a quella che si osserva nei Roditori, nei Carnivori e nei Primati; infatti, i corpi cellulari immunopositivi sono localizzati soprattutto in corrispondenza dell’apice del corno dorsale (lamine I e II) e nel corno ventrale (lamine VIII e IX). La distribuzione e la morfologia dei neuroni esprimenti CGRP nel midollo spinale di tursiope suggeriscono come tale neuropeptide possa essere coinvolto nella trasmissione delle informazioni sia sensitive (somatiche e viscerali) che motorie. I neuroni CGRP-immunoreattivi localizzati nelle lamine I e II del midollo spinale di tursiope, come dimostrato in altre specie, potrebbero agire da interneuroni modulando le informazioni nocicettive che dai gangli spinali vengono trasmesse al midollo spinale. Nelle lamine I e II sono presenti anche numerosi processi immunopositivi che, oltre ad appartenere a neuroni locali, derivano, molto probabilmente, dai ai neuroni pseudounipolari dei gangli spinali. In accordo con quanto appena affermato, è opportuno sottolineare come le fibre afferenti primarie provenienti dai gangli spinali utilizzino il CGRP per la trasmissione delle informazioni dolorifiche. La presenza di CGRP nei neuroni della lamina VIII, invece, indica come questo neuropeptide possa essere implicato nella trasmissione di segnali di natura motoria, utilizzando meccanismi presinaptici. Infine, la presenza di numerosi motoneuroni immunoreattivi per il CGRP nella lamina IX indicherebbe un’azione diretta svolta da questo neuropeptide nell’interazione tra motoneurone inferiore e muscolo scheletrico.
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Wickert, Janaína Carrion. "Tursiops no Oceano Atlântico Sul Ocidental : redescrição e revalidação de TURSIOPS GEPHYREUS LAHILLE, 1908 (CETARTIODACTYLA: DELPHINIDAE)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/183391.
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Os golfinhos do gênero Tursiops distribuem-se em zonas tropicais e temperadas de todos os oceanos. No Oceano Atlântico Sul Ocidental (ASO) distribuem-se do estado do Pará (0,604⁰S; 47,540⁰W), Brasil até a Província de Chubut (43,330⁰S; 65,050⁰W), Argentina. Historicamente, o status taxonômico do gênero é bastante confuso e de difícil resolução. No passado, novas espécies eram comumente definidas com base em pequenas variações morfológicas ou até mesmo estruturas incompletas, sem considerar possíveis variações individuais e ontogenéticas. Assim, mais de 20 espécies nominais foram descritas até o inicio do século XX para Tursiops. Embora estudos recentes sugiram o reconhecimento de mais uma espécie no Sul/Sudeste da Austrália, T. australis, a comunidade científica vem tratado com resistência esta questão e atualmente somente duas são correntemente aceitas (T. truncatus e T. aduncus). Para o ASO foram propostas duas subespécies: T. truncatus truncatus e T. truncatus gephyreus, as quais foram posteriormente sugeridas como espécies plenas: T. cf. truncatus e T. gephyreus. Neste estudo, apresentamos a redescrição morfológica dos espécimes ocorrentes no Sul do Brasil, Uruguai e Argentina, sugerimos a revalidação de Tursiops gephyreus Lahille 1908, outrora sinonimizada a T. truncatus para esta região e confirmamos a ocorrência de duas espécies de Tursiops no ASO.
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Hohl, Leandro dos Santos Lima. "Variações cranianas em Tursiops truncatus (Mammalia: Certartiodactyla) em diferentes localidades dos oceanos, com ênfase na costa sul-americana: uma abordagem pela técnica de morfometria geométrica." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8393.
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Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de JaneiroOs delfinídeos são os cetáceos mais ecologicamente diversos, ocorrendo numa ampla faixa de latitudes, em águas oceânicas e costeiras, incluindo regiões estuarinas e dulcícolas. O cenário taxonômico é especialmente confuso no gênero Tursiops, uma vez que grande parte das formas tem sido sinonimizadas na espécie Tursiopstruncatus. No entanto, estudos recentes sugerem que o gênero Tursiops seja polifilético. O golfinho-nariz-de-garrafa,T.truncatus, ocorre tanto em águas costeiras quanto oceânicas, em todas as regiões tropicais e temperadas. A espécie T. truncatus é tida como polimórfica e tal característica a torna alvo de acirradas discussões acerca do que são variações regionais ou diferentes entidades taxonômicas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a variabilidade morfológica de T. truncatus em distintas regiões oceânicas, buscando fornecer informações que permitam embasar os argumentos para futuras discussões taxonômicas que envolvem o gênero. Para isso, foi feita análise de Morfometria Geométrica em 2-D de crânios em vistas dorsal e lateral de espécimes que ocorrem nos oceanos Pacífico Norte Oriental, Atlântico Norte Ocidental, Atlântico Sul Ocidental, Atlântico Norte Oriental, Atlântico Sul Oriental e Índico. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas em todo o material analisado, incluindo diferenças entre exemplares reconhecidos como T. gephyreus e T. truncatus na costa Atlântica da América do Sul. As variações cranianas encontradas possuem relação com o tipo de ambiente em que os diferentes grupos ocorrem e podem estar relacionadas com a forma de forrageio, captura de presa e ao sistema de ecolocalização. Além disso, as variações na costa Atlântica da América do Sul podem ser explicadas pelo possível reconhecimento de duas espécies nessa região
Delphinids are the most ecologically diverse cetaceans, occurring in a wide range of latitudes in pelagic and coastal waters, including estuarine and freshwater regions. The taxonomy is especially confusing on genus Tursiops, since most forms has been synonymized in the specie Tursiopstruncatus. However, recent studies suggest that Tursiops is polyphyletic. The bottlenose dolphinT.truncatus habit coastal and pelagic waters in all tropical and temperate regions.Tursiopstruncatus is considered polymorphic and this characteristic makes the target of bitter taxonomic discussions about what are regional variations or different taxonomic entities. The objective was to analyze the cranial morphological variability of T. truncatus in different ocean regions to provide arguments for taxonomic discussions involving this genus. Two dimensional Geometric Morphometric analysiswas performed in skulls on dorsal and lateral views of specimens occurring in the Pacific North East, North West Atlantic, South West Atlantic, East North Atlantic, East South Atlantic and Indian oceans. There were significant differences between all groups, including differences between specimens recognizedasT. gephyreus and T. truncatus in the Atlantic coast of South America. The skull variationsare related to the type of environment in which different groups occur and may be relating to the foraging, prey capture and echolocation system. In addition, variations along the Atlantic coast of South America can be explained by the possible recognition of two species in this region
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Finn, Hugh C. "Conservation biology of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) in Perth metropolitan waters." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20051103.135358.
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Chiurazzi, Sara. "Valutazione dell'ormone TSH in Tursiops truncatus." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10029/.
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Questa tesi si focalizza sullo studio del funzionamento dell'asse HPT in esemplari di Tursiops truncatus, mantenuti in ambiente controllato. Sono state analizzate le concentrazioni sieriche di TSH, T3 e T4 su 8 individui, 4 maschi e 4 femmine, lungo un periodo di tempo tra febbraio 2015 e febbraio 2016, tramite prelievo di sangue in concomitanza con i controlli veterinari.
Essendo il TSH un ormone specie-specifico e vista l'attuale insesistenza di sistemi per la sua rilevazione in cetacei, si è voluto valutare anche se l'utilizzo di un sistema canino con anticorpi policlonali, fosse efficace per la sua analisi in cetacei. L'analisi è stata condotta tramite il kit "Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Canine ELISA" (DRG), da cui è stata ottenuta ottima riproducibilità ed affidabilità. L'analisi degli ormoni tiroidei T3 e T4 è stata condotta tramite i kit CLIA.
A seguito dell’analisi con sistema ELISA per TSH canino, tutti i campioni di tursiope hanno presentato concentrazioni superiori al limite di rilevabilità della metodica, pari a 0.01 ng/ml, e tutti rispecchiano e sottolineano la loro attività biologica. Il meccanismo di feeback positivo/negativo è evidenziato dall'analisi statistica: infatti, esiste una correlazione positiva tra T3 e TSH e tra T3 e T4. Per quanto riguarda i valori di T3 e T4 riscontrati, le medie ottenute indicano per il T3 valori di 1,117 ± 0,337 ng/ml e per il T4 10,806 ± 16,933 μg/dl, i quali rientrano nel range indicato dagli studi di Fair et al. (2011) e St. Aubin et al (1996). Le analisi statistiche hanno poi mostrato differenze nelle concentrazioni sieriche di tali ormoni tra maschi adulti, femmine adulte, maschio giovane e femmina giovane. Esse sono però significative solo nel caso del T3 (p= 0,006203), mentre per quanto riguarda TSH e T4, esse non risultano significative (rispettivamente p= 0,951254 e p= 0,131574).
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Fougères, Erin M. "Thermoregulation in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-1/r3/fougerese/erinfougeres.pdf.
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Rigon, Camila Thiesen. "O complexo tímpano-periótico do gênero Tursiops (CETARTIODACTYLA: DELPINIDAE) no Atlântico Sul Ocidental." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/142172.
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Os golfinhos do gênero Tursiops distribuem-se em zonas tropicais e temperadas de todos os oceanos. No Oceano Atlântico Sul Ocidental (ASO) distribuem-se do estado do Pará, Brasil até a Província de Chubut, Argentina. Historicamente, o status taxonômico do gênero é bastante confuso e de difícil resolução. Muitas espécies para o gênero Tursiops já foram descritas, porém, atualmente existem três espécies reconhecidas: Tursiops aduncus, Tursiops australis e Tursiops truncatus. Estudos recentes sugerem a existência da espécie Tursiops gephyreus Lahille 1908 para o Atlântico Sul. Neste estudo, apresentamos a caracterização morfológica dos complexos tímpano-periótico de espécimes do gênero Tursiops ocorrentes no Sul do Brasil, Uruguai e Argentina.
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Cole, Katharine Ruth. "Energetics in the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus Montagu." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1995. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU543518.
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Various aspects of energetics of the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus Montagu, were investigated, including the relationship between ventilation rate and behaviour, the structure of the breath, basal metabolic rate, and the cost of echolocation. An ethogram was defined through observation of a sub-group of seven dolphins, which proved to be representative for dolphins in captivity. Ventilation rates for the behaviours within the ethogram were measured using a stopwatch, and analysis of spoken and filmed commentaries, on the behaviour of 36 dolphins at five study sites. Ventilation rate was found to vary significantly with behaviour, and was used to estimate the relative costs for different behaviours. All the behaviours were assumed to be aerobic as there was no correlation between consecutive apnoeic periods, and there were no "carry-over" effects when dolphins changed behaviour. Swimming at approximately 1.5 m s-1 and 2 m -1s, incurred similar ventilation rates, and presumably costs, to stationary resting. Ventilation rate increased as speed increased, or when the dolphins swam at the surface. Dolphins spent the majority of time for which they were observed in the behaviours which incurred the lowest ventilation rates. Six ventilatory parameters were measured in 29 dolphins. These included expiration and inspiration duration, the time for which the blowhole was open, and the time spent at the surface. Mean breath duration (expiration + inspiration) was 0.860.16 s (n=2762). The duration of both expiration and inspiration could be varied, although inspiration was more flexible than expiration. Expiration time could be increased by reducing inspiration time or by extending the time the blowhole was open. Inspiration time had a significant influence on the time the blowhole was open and the time spent at the surface.
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Aeschlimann, Margaret (Peggy) Allie. "Mother-calf affiliations in captive bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2000. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16517.pdf.
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Estes, Melissa Kay. "A phylokaryotypic evaluation of the genus Tursiops (family Delphinidae)." PDXScholar, 1985. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3440.
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In an attempt to correlate genetic data with possible species delineation, this study investigates the presence of chromosomal variants between the North Atlantic bottle nose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, and the North Pacific bottle nose dolphin, T. gilli. Blood samples were obtained from oceanaria in the United States. Location of capture was correlated with karyotype to compare chromosome morphology with geographic range.
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Fripp, Deborah 1970. "Techniques for studying vocal learning in bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85610.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Biological Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 1999.Vita.
Includes bibliographical references.
by Deborah Redish Fripp.
Ph.D.
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Lopez, Marulanda Juliana. "Acoustic Communication and Social Behavior in Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS016/document.
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Les grands dauphins sont des cétacés sociaux qui se servent principalement du canal acoustique pour communiquer sur de longues distances ou dans des habitats dont la visibilité est limitée. Il y a un manque général d’information concernant l’utilisation de cettecommunication acoustique au sein de son groupe social. Cependant, la production vocale des grands dauphins comprend des sifflements, des clics et des sons pulsés en rafale, avec certains sifflements appelés « signatures sifflées » qui pourraient être utilisés pour s’adresser les uns aux autres. Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons développé un système facilement déployable qui identifie l'animal produisant le son et permet des observations comportementales sous-marines simultanées. Nous avons testé cette méthodologie avec des grands dauphins en liberté et en captivité. La présente thèse de doctorat vise à mieux comprendre la communication des grands dauphins au sein de leur groupe social. D'abord, j'ai développé deux études visant à décrire comment l'activité vocale des dauphins captifs varie en relation avec le comportement et l'interaction avec les humains. Deuxièmement, je présente la conception et la mise en oeuvre d'une méthodologie innovante (système BaBeL) qui permet la localisation du dauphin vocalisant dans un environnement tridimensionnel, et qui peut être utilisé en captivité et avec des dauphins en liberté. Enfin, je présente deux applications de cette méthodologie de localisation pour aborder des questions de recherche concernant le comportement exploratoire d'une jeune dauphin et l'utilisation de vocalisations pour des mouvements coordonnés chez les grands dauphinsBottlenose dolphins are highly social cetaceans that strongly rely on acoustic communication and signaling. The diversity of sounds emitted by the species has been structurally classified in whistles, clicks and burst-pulsed sounds, with some whistles called « signature whistles » that are used as cohesion calls. During this thesis, we developed an easily deployable system that identifies the animal producing sound and allows simultaneous underwater behavioral observations. We tested this methodology with bottlenose dolphins infreedom and in captivity. The present doctoral thesis aims to better understand the communication of bottlenose dolphins within their social group. First, I developed two studies to describe how the signature and non-signature whistle rate of captive dolphins varies in relation to behavior and interaction with humans. Secondly, I present the design and implementation of an innovative methodology (BaBeL system) that allows the localization of vocalizing dolphins in a three-dimensional environment, and which can be used in captivity and with free-range dolphins. Finally, I present two applications of this location methodology to address research questions regarding the exploratory behavior of a young dolphin and the use of vocalizations for coordinated movements in bottlenose dolphins
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Hoffmann, Lilian Sander. "Um estudo de longa duração de um grupo costeiro de golfinhos Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821) (Cetacea, Delphinidae) no sul do Brasil : aspectos de sua biologia e bioacústica." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/16473.
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Um pequeno grupo de golfinhos Tursiops truncatus, presente na barra da laguna de Tramandaí, RS, vem sendo acompanhado desde 1996 quanto a seus padrões de ocorrência e associação. A partir de 2002, tal acompanhamento passou a incluir dados de bioacústica. Através da fotoidentificação, os indivíduos foram observados na área em todos os anos, o que permite caracterizá-los como residentes, embora predominem os momentos em que estão ausentes. O tamanho do grupo é mantido constante, com oito indivíduos adultos, mas o nascimento de filhotes pode aumentar temporariamente este número, com até 11 golfinhos tendo sido observados num mesmo ano. Os nascimentos registrados para as duas fêmeas do grupo ocorreram em pelo menos duas épocas do ano (outono e primavera), num intervalo de aproximadamente 2,7 anos. Apesar da menor freqüência de observação durante o período de inverno, em todas as épocas dos anos de estudo foram observados animais na área, embora tenham variado em número e grau de associação, assim como também em diferentes graus de fidelidade, onde alguns animais foram vistos mais freqüentemente que outros. Animais solitários predominaram nas observações em qualquer período. Maiores agrupamentos foram mais freqüentes no outono, e secundariamente na primavera, coincidindo com a presença dos filhotes. Nas associações predominaram as duplas, embora grupos de até sete golfinhos tenham sido registrados. Ao contrário do esperado para grupos pequenos, os índices de associação de superfície foram baixos ao longo do período analisado. Índices fortes (>0,40) ocorreram somente entre fêmeas e filhotes, mas também temporariamente (em um dia) entre outros indivíduos, caracterizando sua organização social num continuum entre diferentes extremos de associação, provavelmente adaptada às condições ambientais e sociais. Na análise do repertório sonoro do grupo, foram registrados vários tipos de sons, desde assobios até cliques de ecolocalização e sons pulsantes, estes últimos bastante vinculados à atividade de alimentação. Foram analisados 1.768 assobios, dos quais identificou-se pelo menos cinco padrões gerais de modulação da freqüência fundamental: ascendente, descendente, côncavo, múltiplo e em forma de parábola (não sendo registrados assobios com modulação constante). Estes, por sua vez, permitiram o reconhecimento de pelo menos 34 subcategorias de assobios. Os assobios ascendentes predominaram nos registros, mas os outros dois padrões mais freqüentes (parábola e múltiplo) também foram representativos. O número e tipo de assobio variaram de acordo com o contexto, onde mais de 80% dos assobios foram registrados em momentos de associação. Assobios múltiplos foram mais freqüentemente registrados em associações, principalmente na presença de fêmeas e filhotes. Durante estas interações com filhotes, houve também a predominância de assobios ascendentes, mas as emissões apresentaram um padrão bastante distinto, com longas seqüências sendo registradas e a ocorrência de vários tipos de assobios diferentes, muitas vezes sobrepostos, sugerindo combinações que podem estar relacionadas a um aumento na troca de informações entre os animais, por sua vez vinculadas à importância da comunicação entre mães e filhotes neste período. Animais solitários emitiram predominantemente um tipo específico de assobio, com contorno da freqüência fundamental semelhante a uma parábola. Esta classe apresentou os tipos mais variados, e devido a estas variações na modulação da fundamental e sua freqüência de ocorrência em animais solitários, sugere-se que nesta categoria poderiam ser encontrados os assobios assinatura dos indivíduos deste grupo. O grande número de tipos de assobios encontrados, assim como a diferença nos contextos de emissão, sugere que os animais possuem um repertório variado, onde vários sinais parecem ser ainda compartilhados entre eles. Por fim, a comparação entre métodos de extração manuais e automáticos dos parâmetros acústicos não revelou diferenças significativas, viabilizando os resultados de ambas as técnicas.The occurrence and association patterns of a small group of dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, inhabiting the Tramandaí lagoon, RS, have been studied since 1996. The study includes bioacoustics data since 2002. The individuals were observed in that area every year through photo-identification, which characterizes them as resident, although their absence is very frequent. The size of the group is quite constant, with eight adults, but the birth of calves increases this number temporarily, being 11 the largest group size observed in one year. The births recorded for the two females of this group occurred at least twice a year (autumn and spring), with an interval of approximately 2.7 years. Although less observed in the winter, animals were present in the area, with varying degrees of association and fidelity, some animals being observed more frequently than others. Solitary animals were frequent in any period. Larger groups were most frequent in autumn and secondarily in spring, due to the presence of calves. Regarding associations, pairs of dolphins were the most frequent form, although groups of up to seven dolphins were recorded. Different from the expected for small groups, surface association indexes were low in the whole period of the study. Strong association (>0.40) occurred only between females and calves; strong associations were temporary (one day) among other individuals, characterizing their social organization as a continuum from different extremes of association, probably adapted to social and environmental conditions. In the analysis of the sound repertory of the group, various kinds of vocalizations were observed, from whistles to clicks of echolocation and burst sounds, the latter ones associated to feeding activities. A total of 1768 whistles were observed, from which five general patterns of the fundamental frequency modulation were distinguished: Ascending, descending, concave, multiple and in parabolic form. Constant modulation whistles were not recorded. The five patterns allowed distinguishing at least 34 subcategories of whistles. Ascending whistles predominate in the records, but the other two frequent patterns (parabola and multiple) were also representative. The number and kind of whistles varied according to the context, where more than 80% of them were recorded in association periods. Multiple whistles were most frequently recorded in associations, mainly between females and calves. During this interaction, ascending whistles predominated, but vocalizations presented a very distinct pattern, with long sequences and several different kinds of whistles, sometimes superimposed, suggesting combinations which might be related to the importance of the communication between female and calf in this period. Solitary animals produced a specific kind of whistle, with a parabolic form around the fundamental frequency. This class presented the most varied kinds. Due to the frequency of occurrence as well as their variations in the modulation of the fundamental frequency, it is suggested that in this category one could find the individual signatures of this group. The large number of whistle kinds and the different contexts in which they were recorded suggest that the animals have a varied repertory, where several signals are shared among them. Finally, the comparison of manual and automatic extraction methods of acoustic parameters did not show meaningful differences, thus allowing the results of both techniques.
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Bloodworth, Brian Edward. "Comparative feeding biomechanics and behavioral performance of feeding in the family kogiidae and tursiops truncatus (odontoceti, cetacea)." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5868.
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Hyolingual biomechanics and kinematics in three species of two odontocete genera were investigated to compare adaptations and performance of divergent feeding strategies. Ram and suction feeding are two ends of a continuous spectrum that is poorly-studied in odontocetes. Comparative anatomy identified characters associated with feeding patterns of morphologically dissimilar and evolutionary distant genera. Hyolingual investigations included measurements of hyolingual muscle vectors and hyoid surface area/robustness. ANOVA's revealed Kogia basihyal and thyrohyal surface areas were significantly greater than T. truncatus. However, most predicted muscle tension values were not significantly different between genera. The presence of lateral gape occlusions, broad basihyal and thyrohyals near the caudal oral cavity, and a broad, short tongue were likely responsible for Kogia's effective suction mechanism. These features were absent, or reduced, in T. truncatus. The feeding kinematics of dwarf and pygmy sperm whales (Kogia sima and K. breviceps), and bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) were characterized and compared incorporating the Ram-Suction Index (RSI). Mean RSI data support a suction feeding strategy for the phylogenetically basal Kogia (-0.67; S.D.ñ0.29) and a ram feeding strategy for the more-derived Tursiops (0.94; S.D.ñ0.11). Tursiops displayed two ram-based feeding behaviors, closed gape approach, where gape increased near food items, and open gape approach, where gape was at least 50% of maximum in the first video field. Four feeding phases were identified in both odontocetes: preparatory, jaw opening, gular depression, and jaw closing. The mean Kogia feeding cycle duration (470 ms; S.D.ñ139) was significantly shorter (P<0.003) than all Tursiops groups (pooled: 863 ms; S.D.ñ337, closed gape approach: 662 ms; S.D.ñ207, open gape approach: 1211 ms; S.D.ñ207). Kogia mean maximum gape angle (39.8ð; S.D.ñ18.9), mean maximum opening, and closing gape angle velocities (293ð/s; S.D.ñ261 and 223ð/s; S.D.ñ121, respectively) were significantly greater (P<0.005) than pooled Tursiops mean maximum gape angle (24.8ð; S.D.ñ6.6), mean maximum opening and closing gape angle velocities (84ð/s; S.D.ñ56 and 120ð/s; S.D.ñ54, respectively). Negative Kogia RSI values were correlated with increasing maximum hyoid depression and retraction, wide gape angle, and rapid opening gape velocity. Kinematic data support functional hypotheses that odontocetes generate suction by rapid depression of the hyoid and tongue.
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Hübner, Sebastian Valentin. "Wissensbasierte Modellierung von Audio-Signal-Klassifikatoren zur Bioakustik von Tursiops truncatus." Potsdam Univ.-Verl, 2006. http://d-nb.info/1000230988/34.
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Esch, H. Carter. "Whistles as potential indicators of stress in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) /." Electronic version (PDF), 2006. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2006/eschh/hcarteresch.pdf.
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Birgersson, Sabina. "Personality assessment and interactions in eight captive bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-70136.
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In recent years there has been an increased interest in measuring animal personality. It is argued that personality in animals is expressed through the behaviours they display. In this study personality has been investigated in a group of eight captive bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Data from focal samplings were analysed by using behavioural codings and the Five-factor model consisting of Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism. The results revealed that the dolphins display both distinct personality differences as well as similarities in these factors. By calculating coefficients of association it was found that the dolphins also prefer the company of certain individuals over others. Knowledge of individual personality differences and its implications can be helpful in aspects such as management and reintroduction programs, evolution and genetics and in providing a complementary perspective to explain other behavioural and cognitive studies.
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Hudak, Christine A. "Habitat Utilization by Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Biscayne Bay, Florida." NSUWorks, 2003. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/116.
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Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) exhibit variable distribution patterns, depending upon their geographic location. Habitat utilization patterns in Biscayne Bay, Florida, were examined using the Biscayne Bay Bottlenose Dolphin Photo-ID database obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Southeast Fisheries Science Center (SEFSC) Miami Laboratory. Habitat coverages in Biscayne Bay were obtained from the Atlas of Marine Resources Version 1.3B CD and the Biscayne Bay National Park CD. Dolphin sightings were overlaid on the habitat coverages using GIS Arcview software.
The effects of habitat, season, behavior, zone (sectioned area of Biscayne Bay), and depth on patterns of bottlenose dolphin distribution were examined by analysis of variance to determine the significance of the factors. The total number of dolphins observed during the sightings analyzed was 1,538. The number of dolphins per sighting varied from 1 to 28 dolphins, with a mean of 5.14. The average number of dolphins per survey effort was 10.32. Several significant changes in habitat have occurred between 1991-1992 to 1997. The changes in habitat had some influence on the dolphins’ behavior distribution. The highest proportion of all behavior types was found in moderately dense seagrass beds and dredge bottom areas. Habitat quality (habitat types) of Biscayne Bay influenced dolphin sightings, while habitat quantity (habitat area) influenced dolphin numbers. Analysis of variance statistics supported the strong significant effect of habitat on the variation of sightings and dolphin numbers (P < 0.001).
No significant difference in sightings was found between seasons or zones throughout the study period. The fall season had the lowest number of dolphins and sightings. The low number of surveys during the fall season does not account for all the influence on the dolphin numbers. Strong significant differences were observed between behaviors (P < 0.001). The majority of initial behaviors included traveling, feeding, and socializing. Changes in behaviors were apparent as observations continued. It was determined that the proximity of the research vessel and the duration of observation influenced dolphin behavior. Tail slap and chuffing behavior and boat interaction doubled and quadrupled, respectively during sightings. A strong variation in the number of sightings and number of dolphins occurred between different depths (P < 0.001). The majority of dolphins were observed in depths of 2.1 - 3 meters. This coincides with the fact that the majority of Biscayne Bay depths are within that range. A time series analysis was performed to determine if there was a cycle present in the pattern of dolphin distribution, and no significant cycle was found. Future analysis of dolphin composition (resident, migratory, nomadic) may yield cyclic patterns.
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com, hugh finn@bigpond, and Hugh Colin Finn. "Conservation Biology of Bottlenose Dolphins(Tursiops Sp.) in Perth Metropolitan Waters." Murdoch University, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20051103.135358.
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This thesis examines two potential conservation problems for a residential sub-population of ~75 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) in Cockburn Sound, a small embayment within the southern metropolitan waters of Perth, Western Australia: (1) human-induced habitat change and (2) illegal feeding (i.e. unregulated provisioning) of dolphins. The work is important because Cockburn Sound is the most intensively utilised marine environment in Western Australia and industrial, commercial, and recreational uses of the area will intensify in coming decades. These considerations, coupled with the demographic and ecological vulnerability of residential
populations of small cetaceans, suggested a risk of population decline without a more informed scientific basis for management. This study (2000 2003) complemented an earlier study of the Cockburn Sound dolphins (1993 1997) to provide a decade-long longitudinal study of the population. The original contributions of this study relate to: (a) the foraging ecology of dolphins;(b) the effects and mechanisms of human-dolphin interaction, particularly interactions based on unregulated provisioning; and (c) an integration of previous research and other information.
Studies of the foraging ecology of dolphins within Cockburn Sound were undertaken between 2000-2 to determine the areas used by dolphins and their feeding behaviours so that the implications of human-induced habitat change could be assessed. These studies used belt transect
sampling and event-specific sampling of foraging aggregations of dolphins to quantify the foraging habitat use of dolphins within the Sound and to characterise spatial and temporal patterns in aggregations of foraging dolphins. The results showed that the density of foraging
dolphins varied significantly across habitats and that foraging aggregations consistently occur in an area known as the Kwinana Shelf during the austral autumn-spring period. The studies also suggested that the foraging ecology of dolphins in Cockburn Sound reflects the consistent utilisation of both: (a) low-density prey species (i.e. individual or weakly-schooling prey) and (b)
high-density prey species (i.e. schooling species such as forage fish). These findings indicate that
ecosystem-based conservations of the population should consider the conservation requirements of dolphin prey species and the ecological integrity of key foraging habitats like the Kwinana Shelf.
Human-dolphin interactions based on the illegal feeding of dolphins in Cockburn Sound escalated between 1993 and 2003. By 2003, a total of 14 individuals exhibited behaviours indicative of conditioning to human interaction by food reinforcement, including some individuals that
engaged in provisioning interactions on a chronic (i.e. long-term) basis. Observations of the effects of unregulated provisioning indicated that: (a) provisioned dolphins sustained increased higher rates of human-induced injury than non-provisioned dolphins and (b) provisioning was associated with substantial and enduring behavioural changes including changes in ranging and association patterns. Other observations of human-induced injury in Cockburn Sound included seven instances of calf entanglement. These findings indicate that the effects of illegal feeding and other forms of direct human-dolphin interaction (e.g. entanglement) could achieve biological
significance for the population.
The possible contribution of (a) human influences, (b) social learning, and (c) behavioural
propensities (e.g. age and sex) on the acquisition of an attraction response to human provisioning was examined through logistic regression analysis using age, sex, use of high-boat density areas, and the number of close associates that were previously provisioned as predictor variables and the acquisition of an attraction response as the dependent variable. This analysis was supplemented
by behavioural observations of interactions between provisioned and naïve individuals during provisioning interactions. The results supported three findings: (1) a relatively high level of exposure to human provisioners was a significant predictor for the acquisition of an attraction response by dolphins; (2) social learning contributed to the acquisition of an attraction response in
those individuals that more frequently utilised high-boat density areas; and (3) the potential contribution of behavioural propensities relating to age and sex was uncertain. These conclusions suggest that the acquisition of an attraction response to human provisioning can best be
understood as the outcome of a complex of interacting factors.
The findings also indicate: (a) the management value of individual-specific and longitudinal data for the management of harmful human-wildlife interactions and (b) the potential for social learning to contribute to the development and persistence of these interactions.
The findings of this study indicate that population decline in Cockburn Sound could be induced by: (1) a reduction in the Sounds environmental carrying capacity or (2) mortality, injury, and behavioural changes resulting from interactions with humans. The potential for such a decline and evidence demonstrating the harmful effects of human activities on dolphins supports the
application of preventative approach to the management of illegal feeding and entanglement and a precautionary approach to environmental impact assessments of proposed developments. Mitigation of direct human-dolphins like illegal feeding requires an enforcement and education program to encourage more responsible human attitudes towards interactions with dolphins.
Research on the ecology and composition of finfish assemblages and the trophic structure of the Kwinana shelf would assist efforts to mitigate the impact of human-induced habitat change.
27
Holobinko, Anastasia. "Conflict and reconciliation behavior trends of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) /." Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1203561731&sid=18&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full text
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Kleiva, Žilvinas. "Delfinariume laikomų Juodosios jūros delfinų (Tursiops truncatus ponticus) sveikatos tyrimų analizė." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20131104_101530-39609.
Full textAbstract:
Delfinai yra jautrūs aplinkos sąlygoms gyvūnai. Norint išlaikyti delfinus, reikia sudaryti kuo geresnes laikymo sąlygas delfinariume, laiku nutatyti susirgimus, išsiaiškinti gaišimo priežastis. Tam reikia nustatyti individualius delfinų kraujo morfologinius ir biocheminius rodiklius bei jų kitimus susirgimų atvejais. Literatūroje daugiausia randami Atlanto (Tursiops truncatus) ir kitų rūšių delfinų įvairūs kraujo tyrimų duomenys. Tačiau nerasta duomenų apie skirtingų lyčių ir skirtingo amžiaus Juodosios jūros delfinų (Tursiops truncatus ponticus) kraujo rodiklius.
Darbo tikslas – nustatyti delfinariume laikomų Juodosios jūros delfinų (Tursiops truncatus ponticus) įvairių veiksnių įtaką kraujo rodikliams ir kvėpavimo funkcijai bei atlikti susirgimų ir gaišimų priežasčių analizę.
Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti delfinariume laikomų sveikų delfinų kraujo fiziologinius morfologinius ir biocheminius parametrus, atsižvelgiant į amžių ir lytį. 2. Nustatyti baseinų dydžių (mažesnis – didesnis) įtaką delfinų patelių ir jų jauniklių kvėpavimo dažniui ir elgsenai postnataliniu periodu. 3. Išanalizuoti delfinų susirgimus ir jų dažnumą. 4. Nustatyti delfinų kraujo morfologinių ir biocheminių parametrų kitimą, atsižvelgiant į susirgimus. 5. Atlikti delfinų patologinius-anatominius, histopatologinius bei mikrobiologinius tyrimus, nustatyti gaišimo priežastis.
Šis darbas praplėtė mokslines žinias apie delfinariume laikomų Juodosios jūros delfinų (Tursiops truncatus ponticus) fiziologines... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The aim of the thesis is to identify the influence of various factors on blood indices and breathing function of the Black sea dolphins (Tursiops truncatus ponticus) that are kept in dolphinariums and also to do analysis of the reasons of dolphins’ diseases and death. The goals of the thesis: 1. Determine the physiological morphological and biochemical parameters of the dolphins’ blood with regard to their age and sex. 2. Determine the influence of the size of the pools on the respiratory rate of dolphin females and calves during the postnatal period. 3. Analyze the diseases affecting dolphins and the frequency of their occurance. 4. Study morphological and biochemical changes in dolphins blood parameters with regard to the diseases. 5. Identify the causes of death through pathological, anatomical, histopathological and microbiological examinations. The research has broadened the scientific knowledge about the Black sea dolphins’ (Tursiops truncatus ponticus) physiological characteristics and pathological conditions. It has been found out that the size of a pool has influence over the Black sea dolphin females and calves' respiratory rate as well as behaviour. Bearing in mind that there are genetic differences among other Tursiops truncatus dolphins, in the current research healthy Black sea afalins’ blood physiological morphological and biochemical parameters have been identified with regard to their age and sex. It is the first time in Lithuania when the frequencies of... [to full text]
29
Natoli, Ada. "Molecular ecology of bottlenose (Tursiops sp.) and common (Delphinus sp.) dolphins." Thesis, Durham University, 2004. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2983/.
Full textAbstract:
Bottlenose (Tursiops sp.) and common dolphins (Delphinus sp.) are amongst the most common small cetaceans. They both have a world-wide distribution from warm temperate to tropical waters inhabiting pelagic and coastal waters, and they both show high morphological variability throughout their range, leaving the taxonomic issues in both species unresolved. This thesis provides a comparative assessment of these two species, by molecular analysis, especially in the context of comparing coastal and pelagic populations of each species. The aim is to better understand the evolutionary processes and the factors involved in shaping the population structure in small delphinids. The strategy 1 followed was: 1) Analyse the population structure of the bottlenose and common dolphins on a worldwide scale and compare large scale patterns in the context of known similarities and differences with respect to life history. 2) Analyse populations on a smaller geographic scale (Mediterranean Sea and South Africa) to further understand the relationship between habitat and population generic structure. On a worldwide scale, bottlenose dolphins showed high genetic diversity and strong population structure, both between different and similar morphotypes, suggesting limited gene flow. Two populations, of the same morphotype, have diverged considerably to the extent that they should be considered different species. Common dolphins showed lower genetic diversity and weak population structure even over a large geographic range, suggesting higher level of gene flow. However, this species also has similar morphotypes that were genetically differentiated from one another. On a smaller geographic scale, we found a similar pattern of population structure, with the bottlenose dolphin showing higher population divergence than common dolphins. However, both species provided evidence supporting the role of habitat in defining population structure in these species. These findings should facilitate the development of effective conservation and management strategies for these species, especially for the specific case studies for populations in the Mediterranean Sea and off the Natal coast of South Africa.
30
Silva, Inês de Melo. "Análise dos assobios emitidos por golfinhos-roazes (Tursiops truncatus) em cativeiro." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/932.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado em EtologiaO estudo foi realizado com um grupo de oito golfinhos-roazes no Zoomarine (Algarve). Os sons foram recolhidos utilizando-se um hidrofone Bruel &Kjaer 8103, um amplificador e um gravador DAT Sony TCD 10-PRO. Os sons foram recolhidos nos primeiros 15 minutos de cada hora, desde as 9h às 19h. Simultaneamente, procedia-se à descrição dos comportamentos exibidos pelos golfinhos. Recolheram-se também os sons e os comportamentos de três espectáculos, nos quais se registaram os primeiros 15 minutos, os 30 minutos de duração e os 15 minutos posteriores. Os assobios foram os sons mais abundantes (47% da amostra total) e a sua emissão foi concordante ao longo dos dias de amostragem, em cada hora do dia. A todas as horas do dia, a natação foi o comportamento mais abundante, seguindo-se o repouso, mas a uma frequência bastante mais baixa. A interacção com os treinadores apresenta dois picos de actividade (às l0h e 18h), em simultâneo com a alimentação. Os assobios são mais abundantes em situações em que há interacção entre os golfinhos e os treinadores e situações de alimentação, durante a qual, por vezes, existiam sessões de treino. Na amostra de assobios categorizados (1755), a sua duração média é inferior a 1 segundo, sendo a maior parte dos assobios (n=768) inferiores a 300ms. Quanto à frequência, os valores médios encontram-se entre os '5 e os 15 kHz, típicos destes sinais acústicos. Os pares de "frequência inicial" e "frequência mínima", "frequência final" e "frequência máxima” e "frequência inicial" e "frequência final" estão correlacionados. Foram encontrados 15 categorias de perfis de modulação de frequência, entre os quais a categoria n° 9 (em forma de U, 22.67%) foi a mais abundante. Somente 4 categorias possuíam loops, cujo número médio foi de 3 loops por assobio. As várias categorias de perfis de modulação foram emitidas mais abundantemente durante situações de interacção, quer entre os golfinhos quer com os treinadores, bem como em contextos de jogo não social. Todos os golfinhos participaram na emissão dos diversos perfis de modulação de frequência. Tanto o Happy como o King parecem emitir em maior abundância os perfis n° 2, 3, 5 e 10. A Missy emite mais o perfil n° 6, enquanto a Colby produz mais assobios com os perfis 7, 8 e 10. Para o perfil n° 11, a Cher emite-o em maior abundância, bem como o perfil n° 8. Já o Sam e o Lucky parecem produzir, mais que o esperado, o perfil n° 9.
31
Finn, Hugh. "Conservation biology of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) in Perth metropolitan waters." Thesis, Finn, Hugh (2005) Conservation biology of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) in Perth metropolitan waters. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/49/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines two potential conservation problems for a residential sub-population of ~75 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) in Cockburn Sound, a small embayment within the southern metropolitan waters of Perth, Western Australia: (1) human-induced habitat change and (2) illegal feeding (i.e. unregulated provisioning) of dolphins. The work is important because Cockburn Sound is the most intensively utilised marine environment in Western Australia and industrial, commercial, and recreational uses of the area will intensify in coming decades. These considerations, coupled with the demographic and ecological vulnerability of residential populations of small cetaceans, suggested a risk of population decline without a more informed scientific basis for management. This study (2000 - 2003) complemented an earlier study of the Cockburn Sound dolphins (1993 - 1997) to provide a decade-long longitudinal study of the population. The original contributions of this study relate to: (a) the foraging ecology of dolphins;(b) the effects and mechanisms of human-dolphin interaction, particularly interactions based on unregulated provisioning; and (c) an integration of previous research and other information.
Studies of the foraging ecology of dolphins within Cockburn Sound were undertaken between 2000-2 to determine the areas used by dolphins and their feeding behaviours so that the implications of human-induced habitat change could be assessed. These studies used belt transect sampling and event-specific sampling of foraging aggregations of dolphins to quantify the foraging habitat use of dolphins within the Sound and to characterise spatial and temporal patterns in aggregations of foraging dolphins. The results showed that the density of foraging dolphins varied significantly across habitats and that foraging aggregations consistently occur in an area known as the Kwinana Shelf during the austral autumn-spring period. The studies also suggested that the foraging ecology of dolphins in Cockburn Sound reflects the consistent utilisation of both: (a) low-density prey species (i.e. individual or weakly-schooling prey) and (b) high-density prey species (i.e. schooling species such as forage fish). These findings indicate that ecosystem-based conservations of the population should consider the conservation requirements of dolphin prey species and the ecological integrity of key foraging habitats like the Kwinana Shelf.
Human-dolphin interactions based on the illegal feeding of dolphins in Cockburn Sound escalated between 1993 and 2003. By 2003, a total of 14 individuals exhibited behaviours indicative of conditioning to human interaction by food reinforcement, including some individuals that engaged in provisioning interactions on a chronic (i.e. long-term) basis. Observations of the effects of unregulated provisioning indicated that: (a) provisioned dolphins sustained increased higher rates of human-induced injury than non-provisioned dolphins and (b) provisioning was associated with substantial and enduring behavioural changes including changes in ranging and association patterns. Other observations of human-induced injury in Cockburn Sound included seven instances of calf entanglement. These findings indicate that the effects of illegal feeding and other forms of direct human-dolphin interaction (e.g. entanglement) could achieve biological significance for the population.
The possible contribution of (a) human influences, (b) social learning, and (c) behavioural propensities (e.g. age and sex) on the acquisition of an attraction response to human provisioning was examined through logistic regression analysis using age, sex, use of high-boat density areas, and the number of close associates that were previously provisioned as predictor variables and the acquisition of an attraction response as the dependent variable. This analysis was supplemented by behavioural observations of interactions between provisioned and naive individuals during provisioning interactions. The results supported three findings: (1) a relatively high level of exposure to human provisioners was a significant predictor for the acquisition of an attraction response by dolphins; (2) social learning contributed to the acquisition of an attraction response in those individuals that more frequently utilised high-boat density areas; and (3) the potential contribution of behavioural propensities relating to age and sex was uncertain. These conclusions suggest that the acquisition of an attraction response to human provisioning can best be understood as the outcome of a complex of interacting factors.
The findings also indicate: (a) the management value of individual-specific and longitudinal data for the management of harmful human-wildlife interactions and (b) the potential for social learning to contribute to the development and persistence of these interactions. The findings of this study indicate that population decline in Cockburn Sound could be induced by: (1) a reduction in the Sound?s environmental carrying capacity or (2) mortality, injury, and behavioural changes resulting from interactions with humans. The potential for such a decline and evidence demonstrating the harmful effects of human activities on dolphins supports the application of preventative approach to the management of illegal feeding and entanglement and a precautionary approach to environmental impact assessments of proposed developments. Mitigation of direct human-dolphins like illegal feeding requires an enforcement and education program to encourage more responsible human attitudes towards interactions with dolphins. Research on the ecology and composition of finfish assemblages and the trophic structure of the Kwinana shelf would assist efforts to mitigate the impact of human-induced habitat change.
32
Finn, Hugh. "Conservation biology of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) in Perth metropolitan waters." Finn, Hugh (2005) Conservation biology of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) in Perth metropolitan waters. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/49/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines two potential conservation problems for a residential sub-population of ~75 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) in Cockburn Sound, a small embayment within the southern metropolitan waters of Perth, Western Australia: (1) human-induced habitat change and (2) illegal feeding (i.e. unregulated provisioning) of dolphins. The work is important because Cockburn Sound is the most intensively utilised marine environment in Western Australia and industrial, commercial, and recreational uses of the area will intensify in coming decades. These considerations, coupled with the demographic and ecological vulnerability of residential populations of small cetaceans, suggested a risk of population decline without a more informed scientific basis for management. This study (2000 - 2003) complemented an earlier study of the Cockburn Sound dolphins (1993 - 1997) to provide a decade-long longitudinal study of the population. The original contributions of this study relate to: (a) the foraging ecology of dolphins;(b) the effects and mechanisms of human-dolphin interaction, particularly interactions based on unregulated provisioning; and (c) an integration of previous research and other information.
Studies of the foraging ecology of dolphins within Cockburn Sound were undertaken between 2000-2 to determine the areas used by dolphins and their feeding behaviours so that the implications of human-induced habitat change could be assessed. These studies used belt transect sampling and event-specific sampling of foraging aggregations of dolphins to quantify the foraging habitat use of dolphins within the Sound and to characterise spatial and temporal patterns in aggregations of foraging dolphins. The results showed that the density of foraging dolphins varied significantly across habitats and that foraging aggregations consistently occur in an area known as the Kwinana Shelf during the austral autumn-spring period. The studies also suggested that the foraging ecology of dolphins in Cockburn Sound reflects the consistent utilisation of both: (a) low-density prey species (i.e. individual or weakly-schooling prey) and (b) high-density prey species (i.e. schooling species such as forage fish). These findings indicate that ecosystem-based conservations of the population should consider the conservation requirements of dolphin prey species and the ecological integrity of key foraging habitats like the Kwinana Shelf.
Human-dolphin interactions based on the illegal feeding of dolphins in Cockburn Sound escalated between 1993 and 2003. By 2003, a total of 14 individuals exhibited behaviours indicative of conditioning to human interaction by food reinforcement, including some individuals that engaged in provisioning interactions on a chronic (i.e. long-term) basis. Observations of the effects of unregulated provisioning indicated that: (a) provisioned dolphins sustained increased higher rates of human-induced injury than non-provisioned dolphins and (b) provisioning was associated with substantial and enduring behavioural changes including changes in ranging and association patterns. Other observations of human-induced injury in Cockburn Sound included seven instances of calf entanglement. These findings indicate that the effects of illegal feeding and other forms of direct human-dolphin interaction (e.g. entanglement) could achieve biological significance for the population.
The possible contribution of (a) human influences, (b) social learning, and (c) behavioural propensities (e.g. age and sex) on the acquisition of an attraction response to human provisioning was examined through logistic regression analysis using age, sex, use of high-boat density areas, and the number of close associates that were previously provisioned as predictor variables and the acquisition of an attraction response as the dependent variable. This analysis was supplemented by behavioural observations of interactions between provisioned and naive individuals during provisioning interactions. The results supported three findings: (1) a relatively high level of exposure to human provisioners was a significant predictor for the acquisition of an attraction response by dolphins; (2) social learning contributed to the acquisition of an attraction response in those individuals that more frequently utilised high-boat density areas; and (3) the potential contribution of behavioural propensities relating to age and sex was uncertain. These conclusions suggest that the acquisition of an attraction response to human provisioning can best be understood as the outcome of a complex of interacting factors.
The findings also indicate: (a) the management value of individual-specific and longitudinal data for the management of harmful human-wildlife interactions and (b) the potential for social learning to contribute to the development and persistence of these interactions. The findings of this study indicate that population decline in Cockburn Sound could be induced by: (1) a reduction in the Sound?s environmental carrying capacity or (2) mortality, injury, and behavioural changes resulting from interactions with humans. The potential for such a decline and evidence demonstrating the harmful effects of human activities on dolphins supports the application of preventative approach to the management of illegal feeding and entanglement and a precautionary approach to environmental impact assessments of proposed developments. Mitigation of direct human-dolphins like illegal feeding requires an enforcement and education program to encourage more responsible human attitudes towards interactions with dolphins. Research on the ecology and composition of finfish assemblages and the trophic structure of the Kwinana shelf would assist efforts to mitigate the impact of human-induced habitat change.
33
Clegg, Isabella louisa. "Developing welfare parameters for bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) under human care." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD055/document.
Full textAbstract:
La science du bien-être animal est une discipline bien établie qui permet de faire des mesures objectives. Les grands dauphins (Tursiops truncatus) sont une espèce de cétacés communément présente en captivité, et bien que des questions se posent sur la qualité de leur vie dans cet environnement, très peu d'études ont porté sur la mesure objective de leur bien-être. Cette thèse répond à ce manque de données en développant des indicateurs de bien-être basé sur l’animal, ici le grand dauphin. Une revue bibliographique initiale a identifié des mesures potentielles de bien-être, avant que des indicateurs comportementaux choisis aient été mesurés par rapport aux sessions d’entrainement. Un test de biais de jugement a alors été adapté aux dauphins, où des biais optimistes ont été significativement liés aux fréquences les plus hautes de nage synchronisée durant leur 'temps libre' et aux fréquences les plus basses de comportement anticipatoire avant les sessions d’entrainement. Une avant dernière étude a montré que le comportement anticipatoire prédisait la participation à l'événement à venir, et que des Interactions Humaines-Animales positives étaient anticipées plus que l’introduction de jouets. Une dernière expérience en cours a développé un protocole standardisé pour mesurer la motivation des dauphins pendant des sessions d’entrainement par rapport aux problèmes de bien-être sociaux et de santé. Bien que le bien-être global soit toujours difficile à mesurer, cette thèse propose des premières mesures d'émotions et d’états affectifs chez le dauphin. La nage synchronisée est un indicateur probable d'émotions positives, bien que plus de recherches doivent examiner la variabilité entre divers contextes. Le comportement anticipatoire semble témoigner de la motivation pour des événements à venir et nous suggérons qu'il reflète une sensibilité à la récompense comme chez d'autres animaux : des travaux ultérieurs portant sur des seuils de fréquence le transformerait en indicateur de bien-être pertinent. Un objectif majeur de la thèse est de stimuler plus de recherches sur des mesures de bien-être chez des grands dauphins et d'autres espèces de cétacés en captivitéWelfare science is now an established discipline which enables objective measurements of animal welfare to be made. Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) are a common cetacean species kept in captivity, and although questions are arising over their quality of life in this environment, very few studies have focussed on objectively measuring their welfare. This thesis aimed to address this lack of data by developing animal-based indicators of bottlenose dolphin welfare. An initial review identified potential dolphin welfare measures, before selected behavioural indicators were measured in relation to training sessions. A judgement bias test was then adapted to dolphins, where optimistic biases were significantly linked to higher frequencies of synchronous swimming in their ‘free-time’ and lower frequencies of anticipatory behaviour before training sessions, (concurring with there ward-sensitivity theory). A penultimate study showed that anticipatory behaviour predicted participation in the upcoming event, and positive Human-Animal Interactions were anticipated more than access to toys. A final, on-going experiment has developed and applied a standardised protocol for measuring dolphins’motivation during training sessions in relation to social and health-related welfare problems. Although overall welfare is still difficult to measure, this thesis has proposed some first measures of dolphin emotions and affective states. Synchronous swimming is a likely indicator of positive emotions and social support, although more research should investigate variability between contexts. Anticipatory behaviour seemed to indicate motivation for events, and we suggest it reflects reward sensitivity as in other animals : further work into frequency thresholds would render it a valuable welfare indicator. A major objective of the thesis is to stimulate more research on welfare measures for bottlenose dolphins and other cetacean species in captivity
34
Elsberry, Wesley Royce. "Interrelationships between intranarial pressure and biosonar clicks in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/554.
Full textAbstract:
Recent advances in technology permitted the first simultaneous digital recording
of intranarial pressure and on-axis acoustic data from bottlenose dolphins during a
biosonar target recognition task. Analysis of pressurization events in the intranarial
space quantifies and supports earlier work, confirming that intranarial pressure
is increased when whistle vocalizations are emitted. The results show complex relationships
between various properties of the biosonar click to the intranarial pressure
difference at the time it was generated. The intranarial pressure that drives the production
of clicks is not the primary determinant of many of the acoustic properties
of those clicks. A simple piston-cylinder physical model coupled with a sound production
model of clicks produced at the monkey-lips/dorsal bursae complex yields an
estimate of mechanical work for individual pressurization events. Individual pressurization
events are typically associated with a single click train. Mechanical work for
an average pressurization event is estimated at 10 Joules.
35
Quintana-Rizzo, Ester. "Group fission-fusion dynamics and communication in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001841.
Full text
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Gridley, Teresa. "Geographic and species variation in bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops spp.) signature whistle types." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1910.
Full textAbstract:
Geographic variation in the whistle vocalisations of dolphins has previously been reported. However, most studies have focused on the whole whistle repertoire, with little attempt to classify sounds into biologically relevant categories. Common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) use individually distinctive signature whistles which are thought to help maintain contact between conspecifics at sea. These whistles may show a different kind of variation between populations than non-signature whistles. Here I investigate signature whistle use and variation in the two recognised species of bottlenose dolphins (T. truncatus and T. aduncus) from populations inhabiting the coastal waters of the North America, Scotland, South Africa, Tanzania, Japan, Australia and New Zealand, and one captive colony. I identified likely signature whistles (signature whistles types, SWTs) from acoustic recordings by combining two novel techniques: automated contour categorisation in ARTwarp (Deecke and Janik, 2006) and a specific bout analysis based on the timing of signature whistle production in T. truncatus termed SIGID (Janik et al. in press). Three ways of categorising the contours were tested and between 87 and 111 SWTs were identified in total. Repeated emissions of stereotyped contours were apparent in the repertoire of all T. aduncus populations using both automated and human observer categorisation, providing good evidence for signature whistle use in this species. There was significant inter-specific variation in the frequency parameters, looping patterns and duration of SWTs. Inflection points, duration and measures of SWT complexity showed high variation within populations, suggesting inter- and intra-individual modification of these parameters, perhaps to enhance identity encoding or convey motivational information. Using 328 bases of the mtDNA control region, I found high levels of population differentiation (FST and φST) within the genus Tursiops. These data do not support a link between mtDNA population differentiation and variability in call type. Instead, morphological variations at the species level, and learned differences at the population level, better explain the variation found.
37
Nowacek, Douglas Paul. "Sound use, sequential behavior and ecology of foraging bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85611.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Biological Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 1999.Includes bibliographical references.
Odontocetes are assumed to use echolocation for navigation and foraging, but neither of these uses of biosonar has been conclusively demonstrated in free-ranging animals. Many bats are known to use echolocation throughout foraging sequences, changing the structure and timing of clicks as they progress towards prey capture. For odontocetes, however, we do not know enough about their foraging behavior to describe such sequences. To conduct detailed behavioral observations of any subject animal, the observer must be able to maintain continuous visual contact with the subject for a period commensurate with the duration of the behavior(s) of interest. Behavioral studies of cetaceans, which spend approximately 95% of their time below the water's surface, have been limited to sampling surface behavior except in special circumstances, e.g. clear-water environments, or with the use of technological tools. I addressed this limitation through development of an observation platform consisting of a remote controlled video camera suspended from a tethered airship with boat-based monitoring, adjustment, and recording of video. The system was used successfully to conduct continuous behavioral observations of bottlenose dolphins in the Sarasota Bay, FL area. This system allowed me to describe previously unreported foraging behaviors and elucidate functions for behaviors already defined but poorly understood. Dolphin foraging was modeled as a stage-structured sequence of behaviors, with the goal-directed feeding event occurring at the end of a series of search, encounter, and pursuit behaviors. The behaviors preceding a feeding event do not occur in a deterministic sequence, but are adaptive and plastic. A single-step transition analysis beginning with prey capture and receding in time has identified significant links between observed behaviors and demonstrated the stage-structured nature of dolphin foraging. Factors affecting the occurrence of specific behaviors and behavioral transitions include mesoscale habitat variation and individual preferences. The role of sound in foraging, especially echolocation, is less well understood than the behavioral component. Recent studies have explored the use of echolocation in captive odontocete foraging and presumed feeding in wild animals, but simultaneous, detailed behavioral and acoustic observations have eluded researchers. The current study used two methods to obtain acoustic data. The overhead video system includes two towed hydrophones used to record 'ambient' sounds of dolphin foraging. The recordings are of the 'ambient' sounds because the source of the sounds, i.e. animal, could not be localized. Many focal follows, however, were conducted with single animals, and from these records the timing of echolocation and other sounds relative to the foraging sequence could be examined. The 'ambient' recordings revealed that single animals are much more vocal than animals in groups, both overall and during foraging. When not foraging, single animals vocalized at a rate similar to the per animal rate in groups of>=2 animals. For single foraging animals, the use of different sound types varies significantly by the habitat in which the animal is foraging. These patterns of use coupled with the characteristics of the different sound types suggest specific functions for each. The presence of multiple animals in a foraging group apparently reduces the need to vocalize, and potential reasons for this pattern are discussed. In addition, the increased vocal activity of single foraging animals lends support to specific hypotheses of sound use in bottlenose dolphins and odontocetes in general. The second acoustic data collection method records sounds known to be from a specific animal. An acoustic recording tag was developed that records all sounds produced by an animal including every echolocation click. The tag also includes an acoustic sampling interval controller and a sensor suite that measures pitch, roll, heading, and surfacing events. While no foraging events occurred while an animal was wearing an acoustic data logger, the rates of echolocation and whistling during different activities, e.g. traveling, were measured.
by Douglas Paul Nowacek.
Ph.D.
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Thomas, Rebecca Elizabeth. "Relating behavioral context to acoustic parameters of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) vocalizations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29049.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2001.Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis presents methods to analyze the function of vocalizations of the bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus. The thesis uses the social interaction as the basic unit of analysis, and maintains a deliberate focus on quantitative and replicable analyses throughout. A method for determining identity of the vocalizing animal in a lagoon was developed. This method combined passive acoustic localization with video sampling to determine which animal vocalized. It fills an urgent need for unbiased identification of vocalizations of undisturbed dolphins where details of social interactions can be followed without affecting the behavior of the subjects. This method was implemented in a captive lagoon with 6 dolphins: two adult females, their two male calves, and a juvenile male and a juvenile female. This thesis also reviews the current state of analysis of the bottlenose dolphin acoustic repertoire, highlighting the need for a detailed, quantitative, and consistent study of the entire vocal repertoire. It does not attempt to do a comprehensive repertoire study, but uses several new quantitative methods to parameterize vocalizations and relate these to behavior from dolphins. Vocalizations within the lagoon tended to occur around the time of onset of behaviors produced by the focal dolphin. A comparison of vocalizations during affiliative and agonistic interactions revealed that the association of group vocalizations with the behavior of a focal animal was related to agonistic but not affiliative interactions.
Using the localization/video method, vocalizations in a time window around submissive behaviors were localized and classified as having come from either dolphins engaged in the interaction or dolphins not engaged in the interaction. Vocalizations were emitted by interactants more often than expected, and by non-interactants less often than expected. Use of different vocalization types was found to vary depending on the context of the agonistic interaction. In addition, the sequence of vocalizations with respect to behaviors within the interaction mattered, with more vocalizations occurring after than before submissive behaviors. These results demonstrated that group-based analyses of vocalizations are insufficient and one must use techniques designed to focus on the level of the interaction in order to study communication and social behavior in dolphins.
by Rebecca Elizabeth Thomas.
Ph.D.
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Martins, Ana Paz Gonçalves. "Análise de duas experiências de competência numérica em golfinhos-roazes (tursiops truncatus)." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/653.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em EtologiaNos últimos anos, a capacidade de discriminar estímulos diferindo na numerosidade começou a ser escudada em espécies filogeneticamente distantes. Com o objectivo de determinar a capacidade de competência numérica em Tursiops truncatos, quatro destes animais foram treinados a associar um determinado sinal ao número de argolas que deveriam recolher da piscina. Numa Fase I dois golfinhos foram treinados diariamente a discriminar dois estímulos visuais, constituídos por figuras geométricas bidimensionais representadas numa placa, correspondentes aos números 2 e 4. De modo a testar a sua capacidade de distinguir os dois sinais foram efectuados treinos de Delayed matching-to sample (DMTS) entre as placas, aliados aos treinos com argolas. Estes consistiram numa sequência de trials durante as quais, após a apresentação do estímulo, o animal deveria trazer o número de argolas correspondente. A análise aos resultados das sessões de teste mostra que não ocorreu uma discriminação entre as placas, nem uma associação entre o sinal visual e o número de argolas. Posteriormente, na Fase II, aos restantes golfinhos-roazes foram apresentados estímulos acústicos, representando os números 1 e 2. A utilização de sons como estímulos é geralmente caracterizada por uma aprendizagem rápida e, aparentemente, com pouco esforço por parte do animal. Tal como na Fase anterior o animal deveria trazer o número de argolas dependendo do som emitido e apenas as respostas positivas eram recompensadas. Os resultados obtidos nas sessões de teste, mostraram que, de um modo geral, o número de argolas recolhido foi independente do som emitido. Pode-se concluir que os animais tiveram uma grande dificuldade em interpretar os estímulos apresentados, não tendo efectuado uma associação entre o sinal emitido e o número de argolas a recolher. São apresentadas e discutidas as variáveis que deverão ser controladas em trabalhos futuros, assim como os aspectos metodológicos que poderão ter enviesado os resultados.
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Barbieri, Michelle Marie. "Physiological and behavioral thermoregulation in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Sarasota, Florida /." Electronic version (PDF), 2005. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2005/barbierim/michellebarbieri.pdf.
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Rhind, Susan. "A quantitative study of the behaviour of captive Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)." Thesis, Rhind, Susan (1991) A quantitative study of the behaviour of captive Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 1991. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/41507/.
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Focal animal sampling (Altmann 1974) was used to gather quantitative data, over a period of 6 months, on associations and interactive behaviours of captive bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus ). The focal animals consisted of three adult females and three, two year old calves who belonged to a group of nine dolphins. Associations between the animals were assessed using proximity measures and the behaviour of synchronous surfacing between animals. Resulting data showed strong associations between mothers and calves and between one adult female and male. Group instability was revealed by the progressive development of two subgroups within the captive colony. The division between these subgroups became more pronounced with time and ended with the establishment of an alliance between two previously unassociated males. These males attacked the female who had been associating with the male, and she died some days later. Following this event, group stability returned and animals from both subgroups were recorded as interacting more frequently. This was most evident among the calves who previously had not socialised with each other to any degree. At this same time, there was an abrupt change in the swimming position that the calves had previously adopted with their mothers. Interactive and social behaviours between the animals were recorded to identify the nature of relationships between animals. Most of these behaviours were relatively infrequent. However, several trends were apparent. Firstly, the males and females (excluding the male-female pair) rarely interacted socially. Likewise, there were almost no social interactions between the adult females. Of those interactive behaviours documented between the males and females/calves, the males were shown to consistently initiate most interactions. Unlike the adults, the calves were highly sociable and interacted frequently with each other and with their mothers. Over time, the calves associated less with their mothers and socialised more with each other. Assessment of responsibility in maintaining proximity was carried out by recording approaches and leaves between dyads. The results from this data showed that the calves associated with each other in a reciprocal manner. Between the mother-calf pairs, the mothers were initially shown to be responsible for maintaining close proximity with their calves. However the level of such maintenance decreased with time. A variety of general behaviours was documented in order to assess activity budget, and it was shown that adult females rested more than the calves and, in turn, the calves socialised and solicited attention more than the adults. Most of the observed changes in the behaviour of the calves during the course of the study were probably a consequence of the shifting group dynamics, rather than developmental changes due to maturation. The cause of the group instability was unknown, however, it is possible that the increasing sexual maturity of the males was a significant factor.
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Kilian, Annette. "Funktionelle cerebrale Asymmetrien visueller Prozesse und numerische Fähigkeiten beim Grossen Tümmler (Tursiops truncatus)." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972544941.
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Wang, John Yu-Chao. "The classification of sympatric forms of bottlenose dolphins (genus Tursiops) in Chinese waters." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0020/NQ51021.pdf.
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Dible, S. A. "Sonar properties of the lower jaw of the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12929.
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The primary function of this research project has been to investigate the physical properties of the lower jaw of the Atlantic Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truneatus). This has been achieved through numerical modelling techniques, established physical measurements and modem Laser Doppler Velocity Measurements. During the course of this work some interesting characteristics of the dolphin jaw structure have been discovered. Sound speeds and attenuation levels of the jawbone have been determined and the implications assessed. The geometric array formed by the dolphin teeth of the lower jaw can be used to form an end-fire array which produces a beam pattern similar to those of the dolphin. The geometric array has also been analysed for its passive acoustical properties, in particular its ability to form acoustic stop bands within the audible range of the dolphin. The results of this research show that the directivity of the dolphin can be reproduced using the morphological features of the lower jaw.
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Sayigh, Laela Suad. "Development and functions of signature whistles of free-ranging bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12900.
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Arso, Civil Mònica. "Population ecology of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) off the east coast of Scotland." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6543.
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The population of bottlenose dolphins off the east coast of Scotland has been studied since the late 1980s, initially focused on the inner Moray Firth, where a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) was designated under the EU Habitats Directive. The population has since expanded its distributional range and currently ranges from the Moray Firth to the Firth of Forth. The main aims of this thesis were: (1) to estimate population parameters for this population using a 25 year individual recognition dataset, and (2) to increase knowledge of the distribution and abundance of dolphins in areas outside the SAC, especially to investigate areas of high use in St Andrews Bay. Apparent survival rate for adults and sub–adult dolphins was estimated at 0.946 (SE=0.005) accounting for temporary emigration caused by the population's range expansion. Sex-specific survival was estimated for males (0.951, SE=0.013) and females (0.956, SE=0.011) using multistate models to minimize bias caused by individuals of unknown sex. Using a newly developed approach, fecundity rate was estimated at 0.222 (95% CI=0.218-0.253) from an expected mean inter-birth interval of 4.49 yrs (95% CI=3.94-4.93). Total population size was estimated as ~200 individuals, after accounting for temporary emigration and for heterogeneity in capture probabilities. In St Andrews Bay, an area used regularly in summer by approximately half the estimated population, habitat use modelling identified the entrance to the Firth of Tay and waters around Montrose as high use areas for dolphins, whose presence was influenced by tidal current speed and direction. The results suggest that the conservation and management plan for this small and isolated population of bottlenose dolphins should be reviewed to adapt it to current knowledge, especially regarding the uncertainty around the potential impacts of offshore renewable energy developments off the east coast of Scotland.
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Hastie, Gordon Drummond. "Fine-scale aspects of habitat use and behaviour by bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU145531.
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This study explored habitat use and behaviour in a population of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) within the Moray Firth, Scotland between 1997 and 1999. The spatial patterns of use and the surface and diving behaviour of dolphins were studied with respect to key habitat variables in an intensively used region within the populations range. This is a relatively small, coastal channel that is topographically variable in relation to surrounding waters. The study describes the development and application of a land-based technique to study the fine-scale spatial distribution of dolphins and showed that their distribution was significantly related to water depth and the gradient of the seabed; dolphins were sighted most frequently in the deepest regions with the steepest seabed slopes. There was a clear monthly pattern in the use of the area between May and September with sighting frequency peaking during July. The presence of dolphins was not, however, significantly related to tidal or diurnal cycles. Using passive acoustic localisation techniques, the diving behaviour of dolphins was studied and showed that, within the deepest regions of the study area, dolphins used the full water column and consistently dived to depths of around 50 metres, close to the seabed. However the majority of their time appeared to be spent within the surface layers of the water column. In addition, by localising calls that have been associated with feeding (Janik, 2000), it appeared that certain forms of feeding behaviour occurred primarily at depths of between 30 and 40 metres.
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Powell, Jessica R. "Depredation and angler interactions involving bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Sarasota Bay, Florida." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002920.
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Smith, Holly. "Population dynamics and habitat use of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus), Bunbury, Western Australia." Thesis, Smith, Holly (2012) Population dynamics and habitat use of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus), Bunbury, Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2012. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/9441/.
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Coastal dolphins are increasingly exposed to a variety of human activities through the proliferation of coastal development. Threats to dolphins in near-shore environments include the loss of suitable habitat, increasing vessel traffic and tourism, entanglement in fishing gear or other marine debris, noise pollution, environmental contaminants and disease. Baseline data and long-term monitoring are needed to inform effective management initiatives to conserve dolphin populations. This study focused on the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) population that inhabits the waters around the rapidly developing city of Bunbury, Western Australia. This study investigated the spatial and temporal variability in population abundance, social dynamics, calving seasonality, home range size and habitat use of dolphins in Bunbury waters over a three-year study period. From 2007-2010, year-round boat-based, photo-identification surveys followed pre-determined transect lines within a 120 km2 study area (212 transect lines total; N=578 dolphin group encounters) to achieve intensive and consistent sampling effort. Abundance and demographic parameters were estimated using the capture-recapture Robust Design model. The model with Markovian temporary emigration was favoured over other varying parameters (survival, capture probability and emigration time). Abundance estimates varied from 65 individuals (± SE 8.53; 95% CI: 54- 90) in winter 2007 to 139 individuals (±SE 3.41; 95% CI: 134-148) in autumn 2009. The apparent adult survival estimate was 0.985 (±SE 0.006; 95% CI: 0.964- 0.994). Calving peaked in late February to early March. Associations between adult females showed an annual seasonal cyclic pattern that peaked during the breeding and calving season. Home range estimates were important in identifying critical habitat areas. Home range areas for individual dolphins were estimated using the Minimum Convex Polygon method and adult females occupied statistically different sized areas (ANOVA: P ≤0.0001). Females in sheltered inner waters (Leschenault Estuary and Koombana Bay) had smaller home ranges (7.4-24.6km2; N=9) than those in exposed coastal areas (home ranges: 32.1-125.2km2; N=9). Seasonal differences in ranging patterns were analysed using the kernel density hotspot method. During the summer and autumn calving season, there was a hotspot for adult females on the lee-side of an artificial groyne, adjacent to the Estuary and Bay. Habitat use was explored further through maximum entropy modelling. Reef habitat had the strongest influence over dolphin presence whilst distance from coast was a weak predictor. Managers can now focus on protecting this critical habitat. This project has demonstrated the benefits of intensive multi-year research on a population by detecting the seasonal differences in abundance, behaviour and habitat use – information critical to managing human impacts on this species. Future research should combine our spatial understanding of this dolphin population and human use of the area to conduct a risk assessment and rank the threats to these dolphins.
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Brensing, Karsten. "Approaches to the behavior of dolphins Tursiops truncatus during unstructured swim with dolphin programs." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2004/164/index.html.
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