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Journal articles on the topic 'Turning with sintered carbide'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Tsurimoto, Seji, Toshimichi Moriwaki, and Masafumi Nagata. "Machinability of CBN Tool in Turning of Tungsten Carbide." Key Engineering Materials 523-524 (November 2012): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.523-524.70.

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Tungsten Carbide have extremely high hardness and wear-resistivity compared with conventional steel materials, and it is expected that the Tungsten carbide can be applied widely to dies and molds in the near future. In order to develop an efficient machining method of Tungsten Carbide for the dies and molds, series of cutting experiments were carried out to turn the sintered Tungsten Carbide materials with CBN tool. The selected sintered Tungsten Carbide workpieces are those containing Tungsten Carbide grains with mean grain size of 5μm, and 15wt%, 20wt% and 22wt% of Cobalt binder. The sintered CBN tool selected contains super-fine grains of CBN with mean grain size of 1μm. The cutting speed was varied from 10m/min to 60m/min, and the tool wear and the surface roughness were measured. It is concluded that the tool wear is less when cutting the sintered Tungsten Carbide containing larger amount of Cobalt binder. The surface roughness of about 2μm in Rz is obtained.

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2

Brožek, Milan. "The turning of overlays using sintered carbide tools." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 40, no. 5-6 (January 11, 2008): 438–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-007-1353-9.

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3

Suwa, Haruhiko, Soushi Sakamoto, Masafumi Nagata, Kazuhiro Tezuka, and Tetsuo Samukawa. "Applicability of Diamond-Coated Tools for Ball End Milling of Sintered Tungsten Carbide." International Journal of Automation Technology 14, no. 1 (January 5, 2020): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2020.p0018.

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Sintered tungsten carbide which has high hardness and high heat resistance, has been widely used in molds and dies. Research on the development of a cutting technology for sintered tungsten carbide (sintered WC-Co alloy) has been pursued mainly with the use of a turning process. We focused on building an efficient milling method for sintered tungsten carbide by using diamond-coated ball end tools, and have investigated their basic properties under specific cutting conditions. This study extends our previous work by enhancing cutting distance in the milling of sintered tungsten carbide, especially that with a “fine” WC grain. The surface roughness of cut workpieces is evaluated from the point of view of the quality of surface roughness. A series of cutting experiments under different cutting conditions were carried out, and the possibility of deriving a suitable cutting condition for the ball end milling of sintered tungsten carbide is discussed.

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4

Obikawa, Toshiyuki, Tatsumi Ohno, Masashi Yamaguchi, Toshio Maetani, Shigeru Unami, and Yukiko Ozaki. "Wear Characteristics of Cutting Tools in Turning of Sintered Steel under Different Lubrication Conditions." Key Engineering Materials 523-524 (November 2012): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.523-524.13.

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Finish machining of sintered steel is increasingly important for near net shape technology. However, the life of a cutting tool for machining sintered steel is generally much shorter than for carbon steel and thus, finish machining increases the manufacturing cost of sintered products. For this reason, wear characteristics of several grades of cutting tools in turning sintered steel were investigated under different lubrication conditions. As a result, it is found that a P10 grade of cermet and an S01 grade of AlTiN coated carbide are recommended for dry machining. When cutting fluid is necessary for chip control and disposal, air jet assisted wet machining with a K10 uncoated cemented carbide and wet machining with a P10 cermet are recommended. It is also found that a small amount of cutting fluid remained in the workpiece during wet machining caused an intense thermal impact to a P10 uncoated cemented carbide leading to short tool life.

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5

Coppini, N. L., A. E. Diniz, M. Bonandi, E. M. De Souza, and E. A. Baptista. "Hard Turning of Sintered Cemented Carbide Parts: A Shop Floor Experience." Procedia CIRP 8 (2013): 368–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2013.06.118.

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6

Matras, Andrzej, and Robert Kowalczyk. "Comparison of Sintered Carbide Shafts Turning with PCD and CBN Tools." Key Engineering Materials 686 (February 2016): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.686.234.

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The paper presents the results of turning tests with PCD and CBN tools of super hard materials such as sintered carbides WC-Co with different Co content in the material structure. In studies, the attention has been focused on the main cutting force component Fc and the surface roughness parameter Ra values, depending on the cutting data (vc, f, ap).

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7

Zębala, Wojciech, and Robert Kowalczyk. "Cutting Data Influence on Cutting Forces and Surface Finish during Sintered Carbide Turning." Key Engineering Materials 581 (October 2013): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.581.148.

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The paper presents research of turning of super hard materials, like sintered carbides, with PCD (polycrystalline diamond) tools. Sintered carbides with cobalt, as metal binder, with good properties of abrasion resistant in high temperature environment are used as construction material. These materials, produced by a powder metallurgy process, are difficult-to-machine because of their high hardness and brittleness. In the work, a special attention was paid on the cutting force component Fc and surface finish, in the form of roughness parameter Ra, at variable cutting data (cutting speed vc, feed f and depth of cut ap). The test stand for research was consisted of the precise lathe, work piece (a tungsten carbides rod with 25% Co content), tool holder of DTGNR 2020K16 type, insert of TNGA type with PCD edges, Kistler force dynamometer and Taylor Hobson profilometer. Taguchi design and ANOVA analysis were applied.

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8

Słodki, Bogdan, Grzegorz Struzikiewicz, and Łukasz Ślusarczyk. "Influence of Cutting Fluid Conditions and Cutting Parameters on the Chip Form in Turning of Titanium and Steel Alloys." Key Engineering Materials 686 (February 2016): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.686.74.

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The paper presents the results of turning tests of Ti6Al4V alloy with a sintered carbide tool. For selected sets of cutting data, two kinds of coolant supply were compared. Conventional coolant supply with the pressure of 7 bar was compared with HPC (High - Pressure Coolant) system working with the pressure of 70 bar. The tests revealed the fact that HPC system is useful for small values of feed taking into account chip form. Photographs of chips and their form analysis are presented. The results of tests performed by Sandvik Coromant concerning turning stainless steel were compared and discussed.

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9

Mrkvica, Ivan, Ryszard Konderla, Jozef Jurko, Anton Panda, and Miroslav Neslušan. "Force Load of Cutting Tool by Turning of Nickel Alloy Inconel 718 with Sintered Carbide Insert." Applied Mechanics and Materials 372 (August 2013): 441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.372.441.

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This article presents achieved results by measuring of force load of tool by turning of nickel alloy Inconel 718 with sintered carbide inserts with the progressive chip breaker designed by Pramet Tools Ltd. Company. Authors deal with studying of force load which is exposed the cutting tool by condition, when are achieved the limit values in view of tool wear. In the end it is carried out a comparision of intensity of cutting force components for these limit conditions.

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10

Kieruj, Piotr, Damian Przestacki, and Tadeusz Chwalczuk. "Analysis of vibrations during turning laser cladded sintered carbides." Mechanik, no. 8-9 (September 2016): 1116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2016.8-9.275.

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11

Khantisitthiporn, Thawatchai, Monnapas Morakotjinda, Bhanu Vetayanugul, and Ruangdaj Tongsri. "Machined Surface Quality of Pre-Sintered Hardenable PM Steel." Key Engineering Materials 659 (August 2015): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.659.335.

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The benefit of pre-sintered machining is to avoid machining difficulty of sintered parts especially hardenable PM steels. Pre-sintering treatments of green PM part at temperatures lower than the normal sintering temperature of 1120 °C result in green strength improvement high enough for machining. In this study, the influences of various pre-sintering temperatures and several machining conditions on machined surface quality of pre-sintered PM samples were investigated. The pre-sintered samples were machined by a turning process using a carbide cutting insert with varied cutting speeds at a fixed feed rate and depth of cut without cutting lubricant. Chromium alloyed PM steel (Astaloy® CrM) powder samples with (0.5 wt. %C) and without graphite (0 wt. % C) additions mixed with 1 wt. % of zinc stearate were prepared as green parts by cold compaction in a cylindrical die with diameter of 30 mm. Green density was about 7.00 g/cm3 and height of each sample was controlled by hydraulic pressure and powder weight of 80 g/sample. The green samples were treated by pre-sintering treatment before machining testing. Surface quality of each machined sample was evaluated by average surface roughness and surface texture by SEM analysis and the appearance of outlet edge breakout. The experimental results revealed that the pre-sintered samples with graphite addition showed better surface quality in terms of surface roughness and surface texture and small outlet edge breakout appearance. Moreover, at high pre-sintering temperatures of 900 and 1,000°C, the samples showed similar average surface roughness under the same turning conditions. The obtained surface textures were better than those of the samples pre-sintered at 700 and 800°C. The outlet edge breakout could not be found in the graphite-added samples pre-sintering at 1,000°C.

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12

Zajac, Jozef, Jan Duplak, Darina Duplakova, Peter Cizmar, Igor Olexa, and Anton Bittner. "Prediction of Cutting Material Durability by T = f(vc) Dependence for Turning Processes." Processes 8, no. 7 (July 6, 2020): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8070789.

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This article is focused on the prediction of cutting material durability by Taylor’s model. To create predictive models of the durability of cutting materials in the turning process, tools made of high-speed steel, sintered carbide without coating and with Titanium nitride (TiN) coating, cutting ceramics without coating and with TiN coating were applied. The experimental part was performed on reference material C45 using conventional lathe—type of machine SU50A and computer numerical control machine—CNC lathe Leadwell T-5 in accordance with International Organization for Standardization—ISO 3685. Implementation of the least-squares method and processing of regression analysis made predictions of cutting tool behaviour in the turning process. Using the method of regression analysis, a correlation index of 93.5% was obtained, indicating the functional dependence of the predicted relationship.

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13

Zębala, Wojciech, Robert Kowalczyk, and Andrzej Matras. "Analysis and Optimization of Sintered Carbides Turning with PCD Tools." Procedia Engineering 100 (2015): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.01.369.

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14

Panda, Anton, Ján Duplák, Tomáš Vorobeľ, Jozef Jurko, and Stanislav Fabian. "Study of the Surface Material AISI 304 Usable for Actuator after the Process of Turning." Applied Mechanics and Materials 460 (November 2013): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.460.107.

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Innovation of the technological processes is a very important part of continuous improvement of each manufacturing company. Every manufacturing company is trying to optimize the production processes to achieve the improvement of basic indicators, which include price, quality and speed of the production process. One of the means to achieve these indicators is to optimize the cutting parameters, which ensure the desired quality of the surface in a shorter manufacturing time. Innovation of the technological parameters of the manufacturing company means to repair, improve, and transform these parameters, which are used and show loss limitations. Application of updated parameters for manufacturing company may refer to significant reduction of engineering times, improving the material flow and the other factors, but it is mainly costs saving. This article is specialized on the study of the surface quality of the material AISI 304 by turning technology with selected cutting tool of sintered carbide. This material is usable for actuator (actuators and reduction gears) too.

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15

Hupalo, Marcio Ferreira, Selauco Vurobi Jr., Ricardo Sanson Namur, Isabela Rodrigues Diniz, and Osvaldo Mitsuyuki Cintho. "Sintering of AISI M2 Tool Steel Processed in High-Energy Planetary Mill." Materials Science Forum 899 (July 2017): 505–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.899.505.

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This work aimed to evaluate the effect of pre-sintering annealing heat treatments and sintering times in AISI M2 high-speed steel powders processed by high energy milling. Turning chips were obtained from an AISI M2 drill bit that was annealed during 2 hours at 900°C, under argon atmosphere, before machining. Subsequently, the chips were milled during 10 hours in a high energy planetary mill with a power ratio of 10:1, also under argon atmosphere. Half of the powder mass was annealed at 650oC during 30 minutes under argon atmosphere after milling. Three different samples were prepared, consisting of: non-annealed powder, annealed powder and a mixture 1:1 of annealed and non-annealed powders. All powders were compacted by uniaxial pressing before sintered. Compressibility curves were obtained for all samples. Sintering process was conducted at 1200°C during 1, 2 and 3 hours and samples were cooled inside the furnace. The annealed powder sample presented the best compactation behavior, due to its restored ductility, followed by the 1:1 mixture of annealed and non-annealed powders. The microstructure of sintered samples displayed a ferritic matrix surrounded by carbide networks at grain boundaries. Higher sintering times resulted in carbon impoverishing, leading to lower volume fractions of carbides and hence reducing its hardness. Non-annealed powders showed higher dependency of sintering time to reduce their porosity. The best results were obtained for the annealed powder with shorter sintering time, since it presented low volume fraction of porosities and smaller grain sizes.

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16

Tuấn, Nguyễn Quốc, and Ngô Minh Tuấn. "ANALYSIS OF INFLUENCE OF CUTTING PARAMETERS ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND TOOL WEAR IN HARD TURNING SINTERED TUNGSTEN CARBIDE USING CBN INSERTS." TNU Journal of Science and Technology 226, no. 06 (March 12, 2021): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.34238/tnu-jst.3814.

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Tiện cứng là một quá trình gia công có tiềm năng thay thế cho quá trình mài do có nhiều ưu điểm như năng suất cắt cao, bề mặt gia công tốt, thân thiện với môi trường. Cacbua vonfram thiêu kết được sử dụng rộng rãi để làm chày và khuôn cho các quá trình gia công biến dạng dẻo kim loại vì độ cứng cao và khả năng chống mài mòn so với thép hợp kim. CBN là vật liệu dụng cụ cắt siêu cứng được sử dụng để gia công các vật liệu khó gia công bằng cắt như cacbua vonfram. Trong nghiên cứu này, ảnh hưởng của các thông số cắt bao gồm vận tốc cắt, lượng chạy dao và chiều sâu cắt đến lượng mòn mặt sau và độ nhám bề mặt được phân tích bằng cách sử dụng mô hình thí nghiệm 2k với một số điểm thí nghiệm ở tâm. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy lượng chạy dao là thông số có ý nghĩa nhất ảnh hưởng đến độ nhám bề mặt trong quá trình gia công và vận tốc cắt ảnh hưởng mạnh đến lượng mòn mặt sau của dao trong quá trình tiện cứng cacbua vonfram thiêu kết sử dụng mảnh CBN. Kết quả phân tích ANOVA đối với độ nhám bề mặt và lượng mòn mặt sau cho thấy cần phải sử dụng mô hình đường cong để mô tả ảnh hưởng của các thông số cắt đến độ nhám bề mặt và lượng mòn mặt sau trong quá trình gia công này.

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17

Panda, Anton, Ján Duplák, Miroslav Kormoš, and Slavko Jurko. "Bearing Rings Turning and the Impact of this Process for Resulting Durability of Selected Cutting Materials Durability." Key Engineering Materials 669 (October 2015): 278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.669.278.

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Essential factors of each new discovery or piece of knowledge in science are predetermined, prepared and realized experiment. Every successfully realized experiment with obtained outputs and measurements indicates the gauge of asset that has been achieved by its execution. After analyzing of outputs final dependencies can be described that generalize whole experiment and allow entire process to be analytically identified. The production of bearings is very difficult process. Especially production of bearing rings is very complicated. Optimization of this process means significant savings for the company. Bearing rings are produced by turning. One of the most important parts of the turning process is cutting tool. On the base of cutting tools are determined many factors for example: quality, price, cutting speed, etc. All these factors of cutting tools are the only consequence of these cutting tools durability. Cutting tool durability determines its cutting properties and machinable ability. Specification of tool wear by means of calculation is very difficult. Durability of cutting tools is defined in standard ISO 3685. In standard ISO 3685 is definedT-vcdependence for different cutting materials and standard included process evaluation of tool durability for cutting materials made of high speed steel, sintered carbide and cutting ceramic. The article describes evaluation ofT-vcdependence on the selected type of cutting materials and theirs comparison with measured values T-vc dependence that are defined in standard ISO 3685.

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18

Duplák, Ján, Peter Michalik, Miroslav Kormoš, Slavko Jurko, Pavel Kokuľa, and Ľubomir Olexa. "Impact of Cutting Speed on the Resultant Cutting Tools Durability in Turning Process of Steel 100CrMn6." Applied Mechanics and Materials 616 (August 2014): 292–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.616.292.

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Durability of cutting tools represent to a large spectral index on the basis of which is characterized by functional work. Every manufacturer of cutting tools before the actual production of these tools during the development make a tests and prescribing them characteristics on which is possible then to predict their behavior in the actual production process. It might be argued, that these information are optimized and ideal and therefore the information which producers sells by these cutting tools, do not correspond completely with their real behavior. It is necessary that information by using experiments to verify and then review their informative value and correctness. Durability of cutting tools is often indicated for one tested material of marketing aspect, which is machined and effort of user is to achieve this variable for other machined materials, then is happened problem in the production. The problem is very short lifetime of cutting tool in machining process, where the effect is impossibility to optimize the machining process. The results of this action are excesses time caused by exchanged of cutting plate and then it is make a low production of machining industry by setting of machines, and then the factory has an economical loses. This article is focused on tested of cutting tools made by sintered carbide, where the machine material is steel 100CrMn6. This type of steel is used by manufacturer of bearings, therefore the experimental part of this article should be a helper for machining manufactures, which make effectively manage with tools by optimization of cutting parameters of cutting tools and thus increase their productivity and to achieve a higher profits.

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19

Kowalczyk, Robert, and Wojciech Zębala. "Analysis of cutting forces components and surface roughness during sintered carbides turning by tools with diamond edges." Mechanik, no. 2 (February 2015): 125/57–125/68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2015.2.77.

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20

Struzikiewicz, Grzegorz, and Andrzej Sioma. "Evaluation of Surface Roughness and Defect Formation after The Machining of Sintered Aluminum Alloy AlSi10Mg." Materials 13, no. 7 (April 3, 2020): 1662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13071662.

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This article presents selected issues related to the workpiece surface quality after machining by the laser sintering of AlSi10MG alloy powder. The surfaces of the workpiece were prepared and machined by longitudinal turning with tools made of sintered carbides. The occurrence of breaches on the machined material surface was found, which negatively influence the values of 3D surface roughness parameters. The occurring phenomena were analyzed and proposals for their explanation were made. Guidelines for the machining of workpieces achieved by the laser sintering of powders were developed. The lowest value of the 3D roughness parameters was obtained for f = 0.06 mm/rev, ap = 0.5–1.0 mm, and for the nose radius of cutting insert rε = 0.8 mm. The results of research on the effect of cutting parameters on the values of parameters describing the surface quality are presented. Topography measurements and 3D surface roughness parameters are presented, as well as the results of a microscopic 3D surface analysis. Taguchi’s method was used in the research methodology.

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21

Toboła, Daniel, Janusz Kalisz, Kazimierz Czechowski, Iwona Wronska, and Zbigniew Machynia. "Surface Treatment for Improving Selected Physical and Functional Properties of Tools and Machine Parts—A Review." Journal of Applied Materials Engineering 60, no. 1 (May 31, 2020): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35995/jame60010003.

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Wear resistance, which is one of the main technological quality features of machine parts and tools, is determined by the properties of their surface layer. The demand for high-quality products forces manufacturers to use modern structural and tooling materials as well as efficient and cost-effective methods of their treatment. The paper presents the results of research on selected properties of tools made of tool steels and sintered carbides, as well as parts made of aluminum alloy subjected to selected surface treatment processes, such as mechanical (grinding, turning, milling, burnishing) and thermo-chemical (nitriding, sulfonitriding) processes, and physical vapor deposition (PVD) of coatings. The presented results, including analyses of the surface geometric structure, microstructure, and microhardness, as well as tribological and machining properties of selected materials, indicate the possibility of improving the functional quality of tools and machine parts.

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22

Santosh, S., K. Rajkumar, and A. Gnanavelbabu. "Effect of hBN Solid Lubricant Concentration on Machinability of Titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) Alloy." Materials Science Forum 830-831 (September 2015): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.830-831.87.

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The prime rationale for designers to choose titanium in their designs for aerospace applications is its relative low weight for a given strength level and its relative resistance to high temperature. Excellent biocompatibility makes titanium as ideal material for many biomedical applications. Even though the titanium products are either sintered or cast into required shape, there is a need for machining in order to produce intricate shapes. However machining of titanium alloys poses many serious problems owing to the reactivity of titanium at high cutting temperatures and rapid tool wear. An alternative method to overcome this is by reducing the cutting zone temperature. This can be achieved by the addition of solid lubricants to regular cutting liquids and using it as minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) strategy. In this study, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) powder with different concentrations (5, 10, 15 wt %) was mixed with water and used as a lubricant. Turning experiments were performed with TiAlN coated Tungsten carbide insert for a constant speed and variable feed rates. For comparison purpose, machining was carried out under dry conditions. Results indicate that the cutting zone temperature reduced drastically on addition of solid lubricant hBN with water. MQL conditions showed that cutting zone temperature decreased by several folds when compared to dry machining. However there was no significant decrease in temperature between 10 and 15 wt% hBN additions which indicates that 10% hBN addition proves to be optimal. This type of machining thereby paves way for sustainable manufacturing.

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23

Wang, Zhenhua, Bin Yu, Kui Liu, Zengbin Yin, Juntang Yuan, and Yunpu Zhu. "Performance and wear mechanism of spark plasma sintered WC-Based ultrafine cemented carbides tools in dry turning of Ti–6Al–4V." Ceramics International 46, no. 12 (August 2020): 20207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.05.101.

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24

Lipiec, Piotr, Dominik Wyszynski, and Sebastian Skoczypiec. "Primary Research on Jet ECM Processing of Difficult to Cut Materials." Key Engineering Materials 554-557 (June 2013): 1793–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.1793.

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Unconventional production techniques became interesting and promising part of manufacturing methods. They provide complementary, to traditional loss methods, solutions enabling use of high - performance engineering materials for construction of machinery and industrial equipment. By using properly selected methods or their hybrids difficult to cut materials as steel, alloys, sintered materials and composites can be processed. Among the wide variety of unconventional methods of materials forming, particular attention should be given to electrochemical machining, which has been successfully used in various industries. This fact proves attractiveness and versatility of ECM. The method could be used on large scale and many variations was developed as each application requires an individual approach and has own requirements. One of the least known and described type of electrochemical machining is jet ECM where the electrolyte jet stream acts as a tool. In this kind of machining, the part is shaped only in the area where the electrolyte jet strikes the surface. This is due to the fact that the current density distribution is located just below the stream. In the area around the jet hitting the work piece thin electrolyte layer is formed. Thickness of that layer is growing rapidly. Since the electrolyte jet machining is an electrochemical process, the machined surface has all the benefits of ECM. There is no burrs and low temperature of the process prevents appearance of cracks and there is no heat-affected zone. Electrolyte jet machining can be used as well as in macro and micro drilling, turning, texturing, and electroplating. The process can be controlled by proper selection of such parameters as time, the current density and the diameter of the jet. Jet ECM can be used not only for material removal, but also for coloration (passivation) by means of anodic dissolution. 3D shaping of elements is also possible by controlling the current and the velocity of the electrolyte stream. In addition, by changing the polarity of the applied voltage it is possible to use this method in broadly considered electroplating. The paper presents results of the initial research on jet electrochemical machining (jet ECM) of acid proof steel and tungsten carbide. The material processing was carried in two ways – drilling holes and shaping grooves. Shaping was realized in milling and face turning regime. The influence of the two basic process parameters voltage and pressure was examined. In order to get rough information about the jet ECM process experiment planning method was applied. Obtained results enable planning of the further extended research.

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Fang, N. "An auxiliary approach to the experimental study on chip control: A kinematically simulated test." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 212, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954405981515572.

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Traditionally, cutting tools made of sintered carbides or high-speed steels are used to cut a variety of metal materials in the experimental study on chip control. One of the existing problems is that, in most cases, it is difficult to make, in a laboratory, cutting tools with a three-dimensionally shaped chip breaking groove for use in the follow-up experiments. Turning to tool manufacturers, who use the powder metallurgy techniques of tool making for help, usually leads to a long experimental period and high cost. An auxiliary approach to the experimental study on chip control, called a kinematically simulated test (KST), is proposed in this present work to overcome the above shortcoming of the traditional method employed in the experimental study on chip control. A plexiglass-made cutting tool is employed to cut a commercially available paraffin wax to simulate some kinematic phenomena (such as chip flow and chip curl) which take place during practical machining processes. After the applied range of KST has been illustrated, two examples of applying KST are given. One is the application of KST to chip flow research. The other is optimizing the geometry of the chip breaking groove of a tool insert by means of KST. Both examples involve the making of the chip breaking grooves with the three-dimensional shape and geometry.

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26

Sortino, M., G. Totis, and F. Prosperi. "Dry turning of sintered molybdenum." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 213, no. 7 (July 2013): 1179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2013.01.017.

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27

Markholiya, T. P., I. I. Kozelkova, T. M. Bragina, and L. M. Aksel'rod. "Reaction-sintered carbide-nitride systems." Refractories 31, no. 9-10 (September 1990): 550–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01282790.

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28

Goto, Akihiro, Atsushi Nakata, Sicong Wang, and Nagao Saito. "Prevention of Material Deterioration in ECM of Sintered Carbide with Iron Ions." International Journal of Automation Technology 11, no. 1 (January 5, 2017): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2017.p0067.

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This study focuses on electrochemical machining as a method of processing sintered carbide at high speeds. Previous studies have suggested the possibility of using electrochemical machining to achieve high-speed machining of sintered carbide. However, there has been strong resistance in industry against bringing sintered carbide into contact with a conductive liquid. This is because the material quality of sintered carbide is degraded by the elution of Co when it is brought into contact with a conductive liquid.In previous reports, the authors have shown that it is possible to control two modes of Co elution occurring during electrochemical machining: the elution from sintered carbide when it comes into contact with an electrolyte, and the selective elution of Co due to difference in the speeds of WC dissolution and elution of Co when sintered carbide is connected to an electrical source for processing. It was shown that it is possible to control the elution Co in sintered carbide when it comes into contact with an electrolyte by adding Co ions to the electrolyte to increase the concentration of Co ion, and that it is possible to prevent the excessive elution of Co by using a bipolar electrical source for machining. Although we showed that it is possible to carry out electrochemical machining of sintered carbide without degrading its quality, adding of large amounts of Co ions to the electrolyte entails a high cost. In this report, therefore, we describe the addition of Fe ions instead of Co ions to perform electrochemical machining of sintered carbide without quality degradation.

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29

Li, Jing Kun, Xue Ping Ren, Qiang Yan, Yan Ling Zhang, and Hong Liang Hou. "High Pressure Sintering of Silicon Carbide with Mg-Cr₃C₂ Composite Additive." Materials Science Forum 1035 (June 22, 2021): 768–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1035.768.

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Porous silicon carbide was sintered at 1300 °C/30 MPa for 2 h with 4 wt.% magnesium alloy and 4 wt.% chromium carbide composite additives. The sintered ceramic presented density of around 92% of the theoretical density. No new phase was observed after sintering. Mg segregates around chromium carbide particles in sintered ceramic. The silicon carbide particles were mainly bonded by melt magnesium alloy and chromium carbide diffused in solid state. The voids existed in the sintered ceramic, but much more fracture occurred in silicon carbide particles during bending due to high bonding strength of sintering necks. Some voids existed in the ceramic, which act as crack sources during fracture.

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30

Hamminger, Rainer. "Carbon Inclusions in Sintered Silicon Carbide." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 72, no. 9 (September 1989): 1741–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1989.tb06317.x.

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31

CARTER, W. DOUG, PAUL H. HOLLOWAY, CALVIN WHITE, and ROBERT CLAUSING. "Boron Distribution in Sintered Silicon Carbide." Advanced Ceramic Materials 3, no. 1 (January 1988): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.1988.tb00171.x.

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32

TANAKA, Hidehiko. "Silicon carbide powder and sintered materials." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 119, no. 1387 (2011): 218–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj2.119.218.

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33

TANAKA, Hidehiko, and Yoshizo INOMATA. "Diffusional Creep in Sintered Silicon Carbide." Journal of the Ceramic Association, Japan 93, no. 1073 (1985): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj1950.93.55.

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34

Sengupta, A. K., K. B. Arora, S. Majumdar, C. Ganguly, and P. R. Roy. "Thermal conductivity of sintered plutonium carbide." Journal of Nuclear Materials 139, no. 3 (July 1986): 282–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(86)90182-0.

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35

Wang, Sicong, Akihiro Goto, and Atsushi Nakata. "Prevention of Material Deterioration in ECM of Sintered Carbide with Iron Ions (2ndReport)." International Journal of Automation Technology 11, no. 5 (August 30, 2017): 829–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2017.p0829.

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Abstract:

This study focuses on electrochemical machining as a method of processing sintered carbide at high speed. Previous studies have suggested the possibility of using electrochemical machining to achieve the high-speed machining of sintered carbide. However, there has been strong resistance from industry against bringing sintered carbide into contact with a conductive liquid. This is because the material quality of sintered carbide is degraded by the elution of Co when in contact with a conductive liquid. In previous reports, the authors have shown that it is possible to control the two modes of Co elution occurring during electrochemical machining: the elution from sintered carbide in contact with an electrolyte and the selective elution of Co arising from differences in the speeds of the dissolution of tungsten carbide and the elution of Co when sintered carbide is connected to an electrical source for processing. It is possible to control the elution of Co from sintered carbide in contact with an electrolyte by adding Co ions to the electrolyte, which increases the Co ion concentration. In addition, the excessive elution of Co can be prevented by using a bipolar electrical source for machining. Although we have shown that it is possible to carry out the electrochemical machining of sintered carbide without degrading its quality, the addition of large amounts of Co ions to the electrolyte is expensive. Therefore, we attempted to prevent the degradation in the quality of sintered carbide by adding iron ions instead of Co ions, and we confirmed that the addition of Fe ions has the desired effect. However, the Fe2+ions in the solution are easily oxidized to Fe3+ions with time, and the Fe3+ions yield no protective effect for sintered carbide. In our previous report, we discussed a method to bring the electrolyte into contact with Fe to prevent the oxidation of Fe2+ions to Fe3+ions and proposed the use of an iron filter. In the present report, we verify the effect of the iron filter.

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36

Pinchuk, N. O., and M. Ph Gadzyra. "Structurization of Reaction-Sintered Silicon Carbide Modified by Chromium Carbide." Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 58, no. 11-12 (March 2020): 667–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11106-020-00123-y.

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37

Moriwaki, Toshimichi, Seiji Tsurimoto, Kozo Osakada, and Masafumi Nagata. "Machining of Sintered Tungsten Carbide for Die and Mold." Advanced Materials Research 1017 (September 2014): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1017.319.

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In order to pursue possibility to machine sintered Tungsten Carbide by milling, series of ball end milling experiments are carried out with use of ball end mills made of sintered PCD and sintered CBN to machine flat inclined surface of sintered Tungsten Carbide. The experimental results show that the sintered Tungsten Carbide can well be machined by end milling. The ball end milling is also applied to finish rounding of the edges of the gear teeth. The maximum surface roughness of the finished gear teeth obtained is 1.1μm.

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38

Suyama, Shoko, and Yoshiyasu Itoh. "High-Strength Reaction-Sintered Silicon Carbide for Large-Scale Mirrors - Effect of Surface Oxide Layer on Bending Strength." Advances in Science and Technology 63 (October 2010): 374–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.63.374.

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Reaction-sintered silicon carbide of 800 MPa class bending strength had been newly developed. The developed silicon carbide showed good rigidity, high thermal conductivity, and high density, like a conventional sintered silicon carbide. The developed silicon carbide is one of the most attractive materials for large-scale ceramic structures because of its low processing temperature, good shape capability, low-cost processing and high purity. We had fabricated some lightweight space mirrors, such as a high-strength reaction-sintered silicon carbide mirror of 650 mm in diameter. In this study, experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of annealing on the bending strength of high-strength reaction-sintered silicon carbide. The annealing heat treatments were carried out at 1073 K, 1273 K, and 1473 K in an air atmosphere. The maximum bending strength of 1091 MPa at room temperature was achieved by the annealing heat-treatment at 1273 K for 10 h in air. We confirmed that annealing heat treatment was effective to improve the bending strength of reaction-sintered silicon carbide by inducing compressive residual stress at the surface oxide layer.

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39

Wu, Xue Feng, Hong Zhi Zhang, and Yang Wang. "Laser Assisted Turning of Sintered Silicon Nitride." Key Engineering Materials 458 (December 2010): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.458.113.

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Laser assisted turning is an effective method machining difficult-to-machine materials such as ceramics, which uses a high power laser to focally heat a workpiece prior to material removal with a traditional cutting tool. A transient, three-dimensional heat transfer model was developed for laser assisted turning of silicon nitride using Finite Element Method to understand the thermal process of laser heating and to optimize the operating parameters. A laser assisted turning experiment system was set up to investigate the thermal conditions and cutting process of laser assisted turning of sintered silicon nitride and the experiments were conducted on the system using selected parameters. Effects of cutting parameters on cutting forces and specific cutting energy were investigated. Forces on the chip and SEM micrographs of chip morphology were studied to discuss the material removal mechanism of laser assisted turning of silicon nitride. Tool wear, surface roughness of the machined surface and the quality of subsurface were investigated. The results showed that the heat transfer model could be used to optimize the cutting parameters and laser assisted turning method could increase the machining efficiency while maintaining machining quality and reasonable levels of tool wear. A method of optimizing LAM based on the thermal model was presented.

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40

Nesmelov, D. D., and S. N. Perevislov. "Reaction Sintered Materials Based on Boron Carbide and Silicon Carbide (Review)." Glass and Ceramics 71, no. 9-10 (January 2015): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10717-015-9677-7.

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41

Taylor, R. N. J. "Novel Powder Processing of Sintered Boron Carbide." Key Engineering Materials 264-268 (May 2004): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.264-268.45.

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42

GOTO, Akihiro, Takayuki MOROI, Masato UEMATSU, Nagao SAITO, Naotake MOHRI, and Takashi YUZAWA. "Electrochemical Machining of Sintered Carbide (1st Report)." Journal of The Japan Society of Electrical Machining Engineers 49, no. 121 (2015): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2526/jseme.49.117.

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43

Ovsienko, A. I., V. I. Rumyantsev, and S. S. Ordanian. "Ceramics based on reactively sintered boron carbide." NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES), no. 10 (December 29, 2018): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2018-10-9-15.

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The investigating results are given on the process parameters' inﬂuence on the phase and structure formation in the course of the B4C based materials' reactive sintering under the Si molten presence. The interaction of the B4C particles and carbon with the molten silicon was regarded during the reactive sintering. The negative eﬀect of the B4C particles' dissolution in the molten silicon within the reactive sintering was noticed. The methods to raise the boron carbide particles' content in the ceramics based on the reactively sintered boron carbide were discussed.Ill. 10. Ref. 24. Tab. 1.

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44

Homma, Katsuhiko, Tsuneo Tatsuno, and Hiroshi Okada. "HIP treatment of sintered silicon carbide compacts." Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy 34, no. 2 (1987): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2497/jjspm.34.66.

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45

Goto, Akihiro, Atsushi Nakata, and Nagao Saito. "Study on Electrochemical Machining of Sintered Carbide." Procedia CIRP 42 (2016): 402–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.02.221.

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46

Levy, G. N., and R. Wertheim. "EDM-Machining of Sintered Carbide Compacting Dies." CIRP Annals 37, no. 1 (1988): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-8506(07)61612-6.

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47

Mandal, S., A. Seal, S. K. Dalui, A. K. Dey, S. Ghatak, and A. K. Mukhopadhyay. "Mechanical characteristics of microwave sintered silicon carbide." Bulletin of Materials Science 24, no. 2 (April 2001): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02710087.

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48

Chakrabarti, O. P., and J. Mukerji. "Oxidation kinetics of reaction-sintered silicon carbide." Bulletin of Materials Science 16, no. 4 (August 1993): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02746043.

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49

Can, A., M. Herrmann, D. S. McLachlan, I. Sigalas, and J. Adler. "Densification of liquid phase sintered silicon carbide." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 26, no. 9 (January 2006): 1707–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2005.03.253.

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50

Ovsienko, A. I., V. I. Rumyantsev, and S. S. Ordan’yan. "Ceramics Based on Reactively Sintered Boron Carbide." Refractories and Industrial Ceramics 59, no. 5 (January 2019): 507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11148-019-00263-8.

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