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Journal articles on the topic 'Turkish'
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1
Potulski, Jakub. "Rola panturkizmu w relacjach rosyjsko-tureckich." Studia Orientalne 9, no. 1 (2016): 28–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/so2016102.
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The term Pan-Turkism refers to an intellectual and political movement advocating the union of all Turkic people. Pan-Turkism emerged among Tatars intellectuals in Tsarist Russia. In Tsarist Russia Pan-Turkism was in a part response to the development Pan-Slavism. At the beginning of twenty-first century Pan-Turkism became popular among the members of Committee of Union and Progress in the Ottoman Empire. After the Young Turks Revolution Pan-Turkism become a main political idea in the Ottoman state. The rise of a PAN-TURKISM as political movement is a phenomenon of the 19th and the 20th century. In this article author argues that the Pan-Turkism ideology still can be used by contemporary Turkey authority against Russia. Calling for a political unity and solidarity among Turkic groups can be a serious threat for Russian authority. The collapse of Soviet Union and the emergence of new Turkish states gave fresh hope many Pan-Turkists in Turkey, Caucasus and Central Asia. The annexation of Crimea, war in Syria and shooting down Russian aircraft by the Turkish army made hostile the Turkish-Russian relations.
2
TAO, JINGHONG. "TURKISM IN THE BUILDING OF THE TURKISH NATION AND ITS INFLUENCE ON SINO-TURKISH RELATIONS." History and Modern Perspectives 4, no. 2 (June 28, 2022): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2658-4654-2022-4-2-141-147.
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The purpose of the research. The article discusses the process of nation building in Turkey. The influence of nation-building on the transition of the Ottoman Empire to a modern nation-state is analyzed. The purpose of the research is to identify the influence of Turkism in the construction of the Turkish nation, emerging in the second half of the 19th century, and its influence on Chinese-Turkish relations. As grounds, the influence of foreign Turkic intellectuals and Turkish intelligentsia on the construction of the Turkish nation is highlighted. Results. As a result of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that Turkism does not fundamentally differ from Western ideas about nation building. It should be noted that the genesis of Turkism became entirely possible thanks to the borrowing of the methods of Western social science and the adoption of the principle of language as the most important. In the conditions of development, Turkism tries to use the principles of Orientalism and linguistics. However, in modern Turkey, Turkism/Pan-Turkism has always shown a tendency towards extremism that transcends the boundaries of the nation-state. The author concludes that dissatisfaction with the nation-state and self-identification makes pan-Turkism the desire of many people in Turkey to go beyond the territorial nation-state. A number of examples from the history of foreign policy have emerged and Ankara's repeated gross interference in China's internal affairs for diplomatic purposes.
3
Avatkov, Vladimir A., and Alina I. Sbitneva. "New Nationalism of Turkish Republic." RUDN Journal of Political Science 24, no. 2 (May 30, 2022): 291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2022-24-2-291-302.
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Turkish foreign policy, largely characterized as political selfishness, reflects the set of ideological concepts known as the new Turkish nationalism, which makes the country a rather difficult partner to deal with. This article examines the problem of the new Turkish nationalism. It focuses particularly on the Turkish-centric integration under the “neo-Ottoman” foreign policy as a new form of Turkish nationalism, which is especially evident on the space of the so-called “Turkic world”. The authors analyze the main features of Turkish nationalism in the econom ic, political, cultural, and educational spheres. They note that in the humanitarian sphere Turkey continues to focus on the “common Turkic” institutions as well as the ideas of the pan-Turkism ideologists of the past amidst the urge for unification. Moreover, the article considers the concept of Turkey’s self-perception as a “hub”, which generally occurs in all the above-mentioned areas. At the same time, all cases under study are affected by the populist expressions of the Turkish political elite about the unity of the Turks of the world.
4
Yuyan, Zhang. "Cooperation Mechanisms of Turkish-Speaking Countries in the Period from 1991 to 2022." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 2 (May 2024): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.2.13.
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Introduction. Studying the cooperation strategies of Turkish-speaking countries has important practical significance. Establishing cooperation mechanisms is an important way to implement cooperation strategies. The purpose of this study is to attempt to comprehensively analyze the process of establishing cooperation mechanisms among Turkish-speaking countries over the past 33 years. Methods and materials. The research on the cooperation mechanisms of Turkish-speaking countries in the international academic community can be divided into two stages: before and after the establishment of the Organization of Turkic States. However, these studies have not systematically revealed the fundamental changes and development prospects of the cooperation mechanisms among Turkish-speaking countries. This article aims to address these issues through the methods of case studies and comparative analysis. Analysis. Turkish-speaking countries have experienced four stages of establishing cooperation mechanisms, marked by the convening of the Summits of heads of Turkish-speaking states (1991–2008), the establishment of the Turkic Council (2009–2018), expanding its membership (from 2018 to November 2021), and its renaming to the Organization of Turkic States (from November 2021). Results. This study draws the several conclusions. Firstly, in the post-Soviet era, Turkish-speaking countries have worked hard to form discussions on the nature and prospects of their relations, which has led to changes in the cooperative narrative logic, actors, and characteristics of activities in the “Turkic world.” Secondly, the main factor affecting the current and future cooperation of Turkish-speaking countries is their national interests, not pan-Turkism. Thirdly, one of the most important factors affecting the implementation of Türkiye’s cooperation strategy is the position of the Turkish-speaking countries in Central Asia. Fourthly, cooperation between Turkish-speaking countries is currently at its highest level. Based on the mechanisms they have established, these countries have the potential to become a pole in the multipolar world.
5
Stachowski, Marek. "Slavic languages in contact, 4: Turkic in Slovak – A short note." Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis 137, no. 3 (2020): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20834624sl.20.015.12720.
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Slovak has never had especially intense contacts with Turkish or any other Turkic language. This author tries to show that loanwords called “Turkisms in Slovak” nevertheless call for more attention and research than one might initially think as well as that, indeed, there possibly exist a few words borrowed directly from Turkish into Slovak. These words may, at least sometimes, reflect an old colloquial pronunciation variant in the speech of Turkish soldiers and are, thus, a Slovak contribution to investigation into Turkish linguistic history.
6
Gaynanova, M. R. "Magazine “Türk yurdu” about the ideas of Turkism of Isma‘il Gasprinsky." Minbar. Islamic Studies 15, no. 3 (October 6, 2022): 621–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31162/2618-9569-2022-15-3-621-634.
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This paper presents an analysis of the oldest Turkish publication “Türk Yurdu”, which described the ideas of Isma’il Gasprinsky, primarily the theory of Turkism. The chronological framework is 1911–1914, i.e. from the publication of the fi rst issue of the magazine in 1911 to the death of Gasprinsky.The analysis of the topic of Turkism coverage in “Türk Yurdu” still remains relevant and can make a positive contribution to the development of relations between the two countries in modern geopolitical conditions. On the pages of the magazine, there were the general Turkic problems together with the cultural and educational aspects. During the period under study, the purpose of the magazine was to unite the Turkic nations exclusively in a cultural sense.As a source for analysis, the author uses the articles about the nation and Turkism by the Russian Turkic-Muslim emigrant and Turkish intellectual elite of the early 20th century – Yusuf Akchura, Akhmet Agayev (Agaoglu), Ziya Gokalp, Sadri Maksudi.
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Öztürkmen, Arzu. "The Role of People'S Houses in the Making of National Culture in Turkey." New Perspectives on Turkey 11 (1994): 159–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896634600001023.
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Scholars engaged in the study of nationalism have often stressed an analytical distinction between the rise of nationalism and the growth of nations since nationalism, by its very nature, has always preceded the nation (Anderson, 1983; Gellner, 1983; Smith, 1983; Hobsbawm, 1990). In the case of Turkey, the rise of nationalist movements rooted in Ottoman Turkism has been well-documented by studies focussing on their pioneering leaders, publications and institutions. Efforts aimed at the making of a Turkish nation, however, coincided with the period following the establishment of the Turkish nation-state. This new phase of Turkish nationalism differed from the preceding nationalist movements of the late Ottoman era, in its concern with the consolidation of a form of its own. It borrowed elements from, but also deviated from, the expansionist, pan-Turkist tendencies of the earlier era.
8
Egamberdiyev, M. Sh, and I. Ye Turgunbayev. "Modernization of humanities and political sciences in Turkiye in the works of Zeki Velidi Togan." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University.Political Science. Regional Studies. Oriental Studies. Turkology Series. 143, no. 2 (2023): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6887/2023-143-2-223-231.
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This article examines Z.V. Togan’s intellectual development and thoughts about Turkic unity as a scientist who made significant contributions to the development of Turkish historical science. He is recognized as one of the most well-known historians of Turkiye and the Turkic peoples in general. He was a pioneer in the development of historical science in the Republic of Turkiye. The articles of Türk Yurdu journal need special attention because they explain his research methodologies in detail. He underlined the need of working with multinational experts and understanding several languages. Z.V. Togan traveled to Europe for political reasons and found great success. After achieving international renown, he returned to Turkiye to teach at Istanbul University. This accelerated the evolution of Turkish historiography. Z.V. Togan urged that Turkish historians’ works to be translated into Western languages and be objective in their coverage of historical events. He is a scientist who was well-versed in Turkic history and worked for their cultural unity. His ideas and concepts are well tracked in his essays in such journals as Türk Yurdu, Yurt Bilgisi, Orhun. His work titled Tarihte Usul is now a reference book for many scientists, highlighting theories and approaches for examining genuine historical problems.
9
Rocchi, Luciano. "Ottoman-Turkish loanwords in Egyptian and Syro-Lebanese-Palestinian Arabic – Part 3." Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis 139, no. 3 (March 23, 2022): 239–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20834624sl.22.012.16122.
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Although the earliest Turkisms that entered Arabic go back to the 9th century – when the Arabs began establishing regular contact with speakers of Turkic languages – a significant number of Turkish loans in both written and spoken Arabic only dates from the time of the Ottoman Empire, which in the course of its expansion conquered and for centuries ruled a large part of the Arab world. This paper aims to examine the words of Turkish origin found in the dialects spoken in Egypt and part of the Middle East (Syria, Lebanon, Palestine), i.e. the Arabophone regions that have been most exposed to Turkish influence for historical and cultural reasons. Attempts have also been made to provide information about the etymology of the Ottoman-Turkish words (interestingly, as some of these come from Arabic, the Egyptian, Syrian, etc. words borrowed actually prove to be backborrowings).
10
Rocchi, Luciano. "Ottoman-Turkish loanwords in Egyptian and Syro-Lebanese-Palestinian Arabic – Part 2." Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis 139, no. 2 (May 30, 2022): 109–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20834624sl.22.007.15631.
Full textAbstract:
Although the earliest Turkisms that entered Arabic go back to the 9th century – when the Arabs began establishing regular contact with speakers of Turkic languages – a significant number of Turkish loans in both written and spoken Arabic only dates from the time of the Ottoman Empire, which in the course of its expansion conquered and for centuries ruled a large part of the Arab world. This paper aims to examine the words of Turkish origin found in the dialects spoken in Egypt and part of the Middle East (Syria, Lebanon, Palestine), i.e. the Arabophone regions that have been most exposed to Turkish influence for historical and cultural reasons. Attempts have also been made to provide information about the etymology of the Ottoman-Turkish words (interestingly, as some of these come from Arabic, the Egyptian, Syrian, etc., words borrowed actually prove to be backborrowings).
11
Rocchi, Luciano. "Ottoman-Turkish loanwords in Egyptian and Syro-Lebanese-Palestinian Arabic – Part 1." Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis 139, no. 1 (March 29, 2022): 19–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20834624sl.22.002.15477.
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Although the earliest Turkisms that entered Arabic go back to the 9th century – when the Arabs began establishing regular contact with speakers of Turkic languages – a significant number of Turkish loans in both written and spoken Arabic only date from the time of the Ottoman Empire, which in the course of its expansion conquered and for centuries ruled a large part of the Arab world. This paper aims to examine the words of Turkish origin found in the dialects spoken in Egypt and parts of the Middle East (Syria, Lebanon, Palestine), i.e. the Arabophone regions that have been most exposed to Turkish influence for historical and cultural reasons. It has also been endeavoured to provide information about the etymology of the Ottoman-Turkish words (interestingly, as some of these come from Arabic, the Egyptian, Syrian, etc. words borrowed actually prove to be backborrowings).
12
Rocchi, Luciano. "Ottoman-Turkish Loanwords in Egyptian and Syro-Lebanese-Palestinian Arabic – Part 4." Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis 139, no. 4 (November 29, 2022): 333–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20834624sl.22.016.16686.
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Although the earliest Turkisms that entered Arabic go back to the 9th century – when the Arabs began establishing regular contact with speakers of Turkic languages – a significant number of Turkish loans in both written and spoken Arabic only date from the time of the Ottoman Empire, which in the course of its expansion conquered and for centuries ruled a large part of the Arab world. This paper aims to examine the words of Turkish origin found in the dialects spoken in Egypt and parts of the Middle East (Syria, Lebanon, Palestine), i.e. the Arabophone regions that have been most exposed to Turkish influence for historical and cultural reasons. It has also been endeavoured to provide information about the etymology of the Ottoman-Turkish words (interestingly, as some of these come from Arabic, the Egyptian, Syrian, etc. words borrowed actually prove to be backborrowings).
13
Mayorova, Mariya A., and Alina I. Sbitneva. "Turkish Ideological Influence in Russian Regions: The Turkic Factor." RUDN Journal of Political Science 25, no. 1 (December 15, 2023): 134–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2023-25-1-134-149.
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The article underlines the importance of effective implementation of the state national policy for the stability and sustainability of the state. This issue is particularly relevant in the context of such large ethno-linguistic communities as the Turkic peoples, which are vulnerable to external influence objects. The authors consider the issue of foreign influence on the territorial units of the Russian Federation through economic and humanitarian spheres on the example of the activities of the Republic of Turkey. Within the framework of the ideology of pan-Turkism, the Turkic-speaking peoples, especially those living on the territory of the Russian Federation, are of particular importance to Turkey. Ankara justifies interference in the internal affairs of sovereign states with the idea of building a “Turkic world” under the auspices of Turkey. The article reflects the activities of Turkish organizations, as well as the specifics of economic and humanitarian cooperation in the Republics of Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Chuvashia, Crimea, Altai, Sakha (Yakutia), Tyva, Khakassia. The analysis of open sources and official data revealed the degree of intensity of the Turkish presence in the Turkic-speaking regions. In the Volga Federal District, the level of Turkish influence as well as cooperation in various fields is quite high, especially in Tatarstan and Bashkortostan. The Republic of Chuvashia remains the least susceptible to Turkish destructive activity. The informational impact through the pro-Turkish media is mainly observed in the Republic of Crimea. In Altai, Tuva and Khakassia, after 2015, the activity of interaction with Turkey in the humanitarian and economic spheres has decreased to some extent. However, the designation of the factor of external influence and the development of effective measures to counteract it should become one of the most important topics of the new Strategy of the state national policy after 2025.
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Avakova, R. A., and A. K. Koksegenov. "Source Analysis of Turkism in the Balkan Languages." Iasaýı ýnıversıtetіnіń habarshysy 131, no. 1 (March 30, 2024): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47526/2024-1/2664-0686.03.
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The connection of Turkic tribes with the peoples of the Balkan Peninsula has a long history. With the conquest of the Ottoman Empire, the influence of the Turks on the countries living in the Balkan region increased, and this situation led to significant changes for the Balkan peoples. Words of Turkic origin in the Balkan languages became the basis for the study of Turkic influence in the Balkans. Researchers should first of all determine from which language Turkic vocabulary was introduced. The term “Orientalism” is widely used by linguists to define words and phrases from any Eastern language (Turkish, Arabic, Persian). First, since orientalism entered the Balkan languages through the Ottoman Turkish language, which was spoken by the majority of the inhabitants of the Ottoman Empire and its territories, many researchers used the term “Turkism” to denote the characteristics of the way of life of the eastern countries. When linguists of the XVIIIXIX centuries defined the term “Turkism”, they relied on a small number and insufficient information about the origin of Eastern words. The purpose of this study is to make a detailed description and detailed analysis of the words that have entered the Turkic language in the Balkan languages. The research focuses on Romanian, Serbian, and Albanian languages, where the most Turkic words can be found.
15
Suleymanov, R. R. "RELIGIOUS EXPANSION OF TURKEY IN TATARSTAN IN THE POST-SOVIET PERIOD." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 2(47) (April 28, 2016): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2016-2-47-40-48.
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Turkey considers Tatarstan a sphere of its geopolitical interests in the framework of pan-Turkism concepts. With the collapse of the USSR Ankara began to pursue an active policy in the Volga region, strengthening its influence there. One of the Turkish policies towards Tatarstan became religious expansion. Islamic Jamaat of Turkey sent its missionaries to Tatarstan. This led to the fact that some Muslims of Tatarstan began to focus on Turkey and the spiritually obey Turkish sheikhs. Authorities in Tatarstan treated religious intervention of Turkey in the region favorably. The ideological rapprochement with Turkey was a part of the foreign policy strategy of Tatarstan elite that after gaining independence in the early 1990s saw in Ankara a natural ally. Turkey acted as a "big brother" for Tatarstan. The religious sphere of cooperation was seen as one of the factors bringing the two Turkic republics togather. A huge variety of Turkish islamic jamaats in Tatarstan is due to the fact that Ankara has actively supported the religious expansion in those regions that are a zone of its interests. And often those religious groups that were in opposition to the Turkish authorities inside Turkey, are supported by Ankara outside the country in their missionary work.
16
Sodiqov, Qosimjon. "STYLISTICS OF ANCIENT TURKISH NOTES." Golden scripts 1, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 42–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.52773/tsuull.gold.2019.2/rzgt6013.
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In the beginning of the last century, Russian and Western European scientists discovered many historical ruins and manuscripts as a result of scientific expeditions to the historical lands of present-day Xinjiang. Among the manuscripts were the official documents created by the ancient Turkic Buddhist monarchy. Most of these historical documents are in the Old Uighur script with extensive information on the socio-economic system of the ancient Turkic states, the relationships between people, trade and legal systems.These official documents contain wealthy land owners’ business forms, farmers’ and ordinary peoples’ papers on saling and buying, slaves’ complaints about their owners’, rental papers’, the notes on freedom, statements of the wealthy slave owners and many others. All of the mentioned manuscripts have proof of an established state’s political system, a formal etiquette of the landowners, the conceptualization of the rule of law, a high-developed social rights’ system, and a strong established court system.This article presents ancient Turkich official documents found in Turf which are studied stylistically. These documents are important in historical monuments in Turkic written literary language. They serve as a reliable material in the study of historical formation and development of the Turkish official style.
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Huseynova, H. "Words of Turkic origin in ancient Greek." Turkic Studies Journal 2, no. 3 (2020): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2664-5157-2020-2-3-35.
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The article notes the functioning of turkisms in many languages of the world, including Greek, English, French, Russian and other languages. It is known that the Turks established socio-political and cultural ties with many ancient peoples, and sometimes settled on the territories of these peoples or in areas close to them. Such areal contacts caused language and lexical borrowings. N.A. Baskakov in the book “Russian surnames of Turkish origin”, wrote that the origins of 300 noble Russian families go back to Turkic roots, including genealogy and the scientist A.Kh. Khalikov notes numerous Turkic words in the Russian language. In the book “500 generations of Turkish-Bulgarian-Tatar origin, known as Russian”, he explores 500 surnames of Turkic origin. In the book “Turks in the ancestral roots of the Russians” also gives information about the origin of the Turks and the Turkic generations, known as the Russian generation. According to Chingiz Aitmatov, one third of Russian words are Turkic. Similar language Turkish loanwords are observed in ancient Greek and modern Greek, which is the subject of this article. According to some researchers, the Indo-European languages on the territory of the Balkan Peninsula appeared thanks to the Greeks. Even in ancient times, researchers noted that in the territory of modern Greece once lived people who did not speak the Indo-European language, which is approximately 2500 BC. The era of 2500-1600 BC is associated with the Hittites, later the Greeks settled on the territory of Hellas. According to some researchers, the most ancient inhabitants of the territory of Ancient Greece were the traki, whose language was later assimilated with the language of the hittites, and then the Greeks. In ancient scandinavian sources, there are relics of the language of tracts belonging to the Western branch of the proturks, which is confirmed by the praturkian vocabulary and onomastics. The Greek-Turkic language substrata and units imprinted in ancient Greek confirm the presence of Turkic loanwords, which have not lost their relevance in modern language contacts between Turkish and Greek.
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Gürbüz, M. Vedat. "Genesis of Turkish Nationalism." Belleten 67, no. 249 (August 1, 2003): 495–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2003.495.
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In this research, conditions for the emergence of the Turkish nationalism and chief intellectuals who formulated the Turkish nationalism are comprehensively scrutinized. Turkish nationalist thought developed as a part of modernization and Westernization ideologies, then, it became an independent political ideology. Turkish nationalism was the last link of the Ottoman Empire's reconstruction and Westernization movement chains. Namık Kemal was the chief intellectual, who affected almost the entire variety of intellectuals in the Empire. He was the Hegel of the Turks. Ziya Gökalp, who was deeply influenced by Namık Kemal, was the first intellectual to see Turkist ideology as a political thought. He tried to organize and formulate the pillars of the Turkish nationalism. Although, cultural nationalism began earlier, political nationalism, among the Turks, gained popularity, especially during and after the Balkans Wars.
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Kaliyeva, N. Sh, and A. M. Zhalalova. "THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE OF THE CONCEPT IN MODERN TURKIC LANGUAGES (on the materials of the Kazakh, Turkish and Uzbek languages)." Tiltanym, no. 3 (October 30, 2023): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.55491/2411-6076-2023-3-63-71.
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One of the priority tasks of modern linguistics and the humanities is the study of language in the framework of the anthropocentric paradigm. The purpose of this article is to determine the degree of study of the concept, which is the main unit of cognitive linguistics and cultural linguistics in modern Turkic languages (Kazakh, Turkish, Uzbek). The article also touches upon such a complex phenomenon as the concept sphere, which has a national character. The importance of the need for in-depth conceptual research in the comparative aspect of the Turkic languages (Kazakh, Turkish, Uzbek) is determined. Nowadays, fundamental research is carried out in the study of the concept in Kazakh and Uzbek linguistics, but Turkish linguistics cannot yet be included into this list. However, the issue of the theoretical study of the concept in the Turkic languages (Kazakh, Turkish and Uzbek) in general, diachronic and synchronic analysis of the structure of the concept, identification of the concepts of the ancient Turkic worldview found in the written heritage and the problem of the need of their comprehensive analysis were considered. The importance of supplementing the linguistic reservoir of Turkic languages (Kazakh, Turkish, Uzbek) with comparative research was identified. During the research, the works of domestic and foreign scientists were analyzed, works on the study of the concept and the concept sphere in modern Turkic languages (Kazakh, Turkish, Uzbek) were selected and the obtained scientific information was synthesized. Research on this direction in the Kazakh, Turkish and Uzbek linguistics has been classified. The results of the study are used in comparative research in the field of cognitive linguistics in the Turkic languages, giving lectures on the discipline of «Cognitive linguistics» for students and applicants of the specialty of philology and Turkic studies.
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Langmoen, Sindre. "THE IDEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE TURKISH MHP AND THE GREY WOLVES." Politika nacionalne bezbednosti, Special issue 2022 (November 25, 2022): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22182/pnb.specijal2022.6.
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The Turkish Idealist movement, encompassing the militant Grey Wolves as well as the current Turkish coalition partner, the Nationalist Action Party, represent the most influential elements of the Turkish (or Turkic) far right, with activities reaching from Western Europe all the way to Xinjiang, China. This paper seeks to map the ideological framework and evolution of the Idealist movement. It argues that, while strongly influenced by fascism, it is not in essence a totalitarian movement. Furthermore, while it evolved out of secular pan-Turkic aspirations with explicit racist components, it has largely abandoned explicit racism, dreams of a pan-Turkic empire, and embraced Islam as an integral component of Idealist ideology and Turkish identity.
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Petek, E. K., and М. Е. Adilov. "Historical Development of the /j-/ Sound at the beginning of the words in Kazakh Language." Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Political Science. Regional Studies. Oriental Studies. Turkology Series. 134, no. 1 (2021): 130–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6887/2021-134-1-130-143.
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One of the most emphasized issues of the Turkish language, which also causes differences of opinion among Turcologists,is the state of the sound / y- / at the beginning of the words.This sound varies in terms of both historical Turkish dialects and contemporary Turkish dialects and is met with a different sound. For those who accept the Altaic hypothesis, it is known that the Proto-Turkic language, which developed as an independent language after the era of the Proto- Altaic language, was divided into two branches as Oghur languages (West Old Turkish) and Common Turkic (East Old Turkish). In Turcology, the terms Lir Turkic for Oghur languages and Shaz Turkic for Common Turkic are also used. In order to classify the Turkic languages, the sounds /l, /ş/ and /r/, /z/ sounds, and also the / y- / sound at the beginning ofthe words were used as criteria. This article will focus on thedevelopment of the / y- / sound at the beginning of the words in Turkic languages, which corresponds to the / j- / sound at the beginning of the words in the Modern Kazakh language through diachronic and synchronic comparisons. It will be mentioned that whether the /y-/ sound can be seen since the Orkhon Turkic, which is one of the historic periods of the East Old Turkic, or the /j-/ sound in the Kazakh language is more archaic.
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KURMANBAIULY, SHERUBAY, and MARLEN ADILOV. "LINGUISTIC FEATURES BETWEEN TURKIC LANGUAGES IN THE WORKS OF ABAY, YŪNUS EMRE AND AḤMAD AL-YASAWĪ." Türk Kültürü ve HACI BEKTAŞ VELİ Araştırma Dergisi 105 (March 29, 2023): 313–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.34189/hbv.105.015.
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Abay Qunanbayuli, is one of the important literary man that has left his mark in the nineteenth century Kazakh cultural life. He is known as the greatest poet of Kazakh Turks. Abay wrote his works in Kazakh Turkish, but since he continues the tradition of Chaghatay Turkish, those who speak Karluk and Oghuz group dialects can easily understand his works. In the work, elements that are rarely used in contemporary Kipchak dialects, but whose origin is Oghuz Turkish, are also found in his poems. Although Aḥmad al-Yasawī's Dīvān-ı Hikmet, who lived long before than Abay, was written during the Karakhanid period, its copies written in Chaghatay Turkish have survived. Despite this situation, we can say that we have come across a few Oghuz Turkish elements from the new copy. In this article, the poets of different periods and regions of the Turkish world, Aḥmad al-Yasawī, Yūnus Emre and Abay Qunanbayuli, were examined by comparing the words specific to Kipchak or Oghuz Turkish. In the study, Yūnus Emre was chosen as the representative of the Oghuz group and Aḥmad al-Yasawī as the representative of Eastern Turkish close to the time of Yūnus. Abay has also been shown as the representative of the Kipchak group more recently. Thus, it was revealed that common elements were preserved in three large groups. Accordingly, it has been concluded that the influence of the linguistic and cultural tradition of the Göktürk, Old Uyghur, Karakhanid, Khwārazm, Chaghatay and Kipchak Turkish periods continues to a significant extent in terms of vocabulary in the written language of both geographies. Keywords: Abay, Aḥmad al-Yasawī, Yūnus Emre, Oghuz Turkic, Kipchak Turkic, Chaghatay Turkic.
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Galustyan, Regina. "A Step towards Identity Construction or Genocide? Ideological Transformations and Propaganda in the Ottoman Empire in 1911-1913." International Journal of Armenian Genocide Studies 8, no. 1 (May 30, 2023): 51–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.51442/ijags.0039.
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This study explores two features of the Turkish nation-building process on the ideological level in the late Ottoman Empire in 1911-1913. The territory losses and population declines following the Italo-Turkish and Balkan Wars and the ensuing influx of Muslim refugees from the Balkans created a favorable environment for the Turkish government to coordinate and produce the propaganda of Turkism en-masse within the multi-ethnic Ottoman Empire. The period of 1911-1913 stands as a crucial phase in the top-down nationalization of the Ottoman masses, which later would have a great impact on the developments in the country before, during, and after World War I. This period was severely detrimental for the indigenous Christian communities of the Ottoman Empire. Thus, two particular aspects of the construction of a “Turkish” identity through the usage of state propaganda are stressed in the article: the construction of an “other” and the glorification of a common Turkish past. Both largely determined Turkish self-perception during the era and defined the code of action against non-Turkish elements of the Empire.
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Avatkov, Vladimir A., and Pavel A. Gudev. "Geopolitics of Russian-Turkish Relations in the Black Sea Region." RUDN Journal of Political Science 23, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 348–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2021-23-3-348-363.
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The Black Sea region has a special geopolitical significance for at least two states - Russia and Turkey. In order to identify the key factors that complicate regional cooperation between the two countries, the article considers the main problems of Russian-Turkish cooperation in the Black Sea area under the conditions of post-crisis resumption of bilateral relations after the 2015 incident. Regional contradictions between Moscow and Ankara are largely caused by different positions on such issues as Crimeas joining to Russia, the regime of the Black Sea Straits as well as the policy of pan-Turkism pursued by Turkey towards the Turkic-speaking peoples of the region in the strive to form a Turkic world. In conclusion the authors explain the need to further strengthen versatile bilateral cooperation with Turkey and to pay special attention to security and humanitarian fields.
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Yskakuly, Dandai. "PROBLEMS OF TURKISH COMMON LANGUAGE." KAZAKHSTAN ORIENTAL STUDIES 6, no. 2 (June 11, 2024): 84–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.63051/kos.2023.2.84.
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The article presents historical examples, various opinions of linguists from different times. A comparative analysis of the state of various languages of the world leads to the conclusion that without gaining independence on its territory, there will be no dominance of the language. In the case of the state language of Kazakhstan, regulation of the spiritual state of every resident of the country is necessary. In the era of globalization, the ideological struggle for the consciousness of people prevails and in order to preserve the uniqueness of their language, the unity of the Turkic-speaking peoples is necessary. Although the idea of Turkism, born on the basis of kinship, became widespread since the beginning of the 20th century, it was not realized for various reasons. At present, when the global unification of the peoples of the world has intensified, this issue is once again being put on the agenda as urgently as possible. The purpose of our work is to consider the possibilities of implementing this difficult task. It is now believed that interethnic communication of Turkic peoples should be carried out through the common Turkic (Middle Turkic) language. According to this model, it does not represent Turkish, which is spoken by about half of the Turkic population, or other languages. The scientist takes Turkic root words into the core of this language and proposes to use them in accordance with the requirements of today. And the problem of finding which word is in which language is scientifically solved using a special technique. This method, which is carried out using a specially developed computer program with the participation of qualified scientists, will remain as language neutral as possible.
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Zengin, Hüseyin, and Abdurrahman Korkmaz. "Determinants of Turkey’s foreign aid behavior." New Perspectives on Turkey 60 (May 2019): 109–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/npt.2019.1.
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AbstractThis paper analyzes a hundred Turkish aid recipient countries in order to explore the determinants of Turkey’s foreign aid behavior during the period 2005–2016. By estimating the model with the system-GMM estimator, it is demonstrated that Turkey is a regular donor whose amount of foreign aid is positively influenced by the export-based embeddedness of Turkish firms in the recipient countries. Recipients with low levels of per-capita income attract more Turkish aid. However, this income’s effect diminishes in states that were formerly part of Ottoman territory. Recipient countries in an aid relationship with OECD-DAC members also receive more foreign aid from Turkey. In addition, Turkey disburses more foreign aid to recipient countries that can be classified as Turkic republics. Turkish foreign aid behavior is also motivated by Ottomanism, especially in the Balkans and Eastern Europe. Finally, and interestingly, although Islam has a considerable impact on attracting Turkish aid overall, this impact disappears in former Ottoman states and Turkic republics.
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DEVELİ, Hayati. "Classifying Of Old Turkiye Turkish Dialects." Journal of Turkish Studies Volume 3 Issue 3, no. 3 (2008): 212–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/turkishstudies.339.
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Aykut, A. Sait. "Gibran Khalil Gibran in Turkish Language (A Review of Translations of His Books and Researches on Him in Turkey) Literature." Al-Dad Journal 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 102–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/aldad.vol7no2.6.
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This research contains a short sketch of Gibran’s life, his intellectual background, and a review of the translations of his works and studies on him in Turkiye. It indicates that the first translation of Gibran into Turkish was done in 1946 by Ömer Rıza Doğrul. Almost all of Gibran’s works have been translated into Turkish. As the researcher mentions, the most famous translator of Gibran is Cahit Koytak, a well-known poet in Turkiye. The researcher argues that Gibran was perceived in Turkiye, as a Sufi – sage, and, had never been considered an “eccentric”, or “alien”. Furthermore, he argues that The New Age Movement of the ‘70s might have increased translations of Gibran in Turkiye. After reviewing remarkable academic activities, the researcher determined that most of the Gibran studies in Turkish academia focus on this unique author's philosophical and religious aspects. Keywords: خليل جبران, Kahlil Gibran, Gibran Translations, Gibran Studies in Turkiye
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Romanova, Anna P., and Dmitriy A. Chernichkin. "Turkey and Pan-Turkism Influence on the Development of New National Identities in the Caspian Region: The Evidence from Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan." RUDN Journal of Political Science 26, no. 1 (March 15, 2024): 181–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2024-26-1-181-206.
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The article focuses on how Turkey and Pan-Turkish ideology influenced the development of new national identities in Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan and the results of this influence. The theoretical basis of this study lies in the concept of transnational political spaces (ethno-worlds), which form new identities due to the spread of cultural patterns. The practical basis of this study entails a synthesis of several sociological methods: content analysis of data published from January 2, 2022, to July 31, 2023, collected according to specified criteria; surveys in the form of an electronic questionnaire; and a set of focused group and expert interviews attended by citizens of Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan. The results showed that “soft power” in both countries influences the field of those policies that are crucial for the development of new identities: education, language, memory, symbology, etc. The mechanisms for promoting identity politics in Turkic countries are the main strength of the formation process in this ethno-world. The results of the study demonstrate educational programs to be the most effective tool, whose status allows the returned youth to become a part of a new elite in their countries, as well as emissaries of Pan-Turkist ideas. Based on the content analysis data, it can be noted that though TurkishKazakh and Turkish-Turkmen relations are actively and positively developing, primarily in the economic sphere, they still have certain contradictions. Though Pan-Turkish ideas and Turkish cultural patterns are presented in the information agendas of the analyzed countries, they are not their trends.
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Arlyapova, E., and E. Ponomareva. "Turkiye in the Western Balkans Today: Numbers and Estimates." World Economy and International Relations 67, no. 8 (2023): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2023-67-8-110-120.
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The article examines the outcomes of Turkish foreign policy towards the Western Balkans from the moment of its intensification, designated as the “Erdogan era”, up to date. As a period of development of Turkish-Balkan relations, it is characterized with the priority of economy over diplomacy and personal ties over institutional interaction. The article evaluates historiographical drift in the perception of Turkiye as an influencer in dependence on transformation of its general foreign policy and regional strategy. Negative assessments and connotations have prevailed in recent years: Turkiye has been analytically “separated” from the Western influential powers and referred to as a so-called Eastern power (along with Russia, China, and the Persian Gulf countries), recognized by western tradition as a nondemocratic force with malign influence in the region. The authors argue that this analytical construction does not correlate with the current Turkiye’s state of affairs in the region and its self-positioning in the changing world order. They point out that the Turkish authorities see and interpret Turkiye’s alleged challenge to the current international order as an intra-alliance opposition. Although often being called a “spoiler” of EU policy in the Western Balkans, indeed, Turkiye mostly remains in line with NATO, the EU and the US, still favoring Atlanticism and Europeanism in practical politics, despite severe criticism in public rhetoric used mainly for Turkish domestic consumption. The research pays special attention to Turkiye’s vulnerabilities. It evaluates achievements in the region with a focus on: low entry points in economy and politics of Turkish-Balkan relations; lack of interest and motivation of Turkish private business to explore the markets of the Western Balkans; inability to compete with the EU dominance in the foreign trade sector; incomparable capabilities of Turkiye with those of the leading “quintet” of external actors (China, EU, Russia, UK, and US) in the Western Balkans.
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Satıcıoğlu, H. "SOME KYRGYZ LEGENDS THAT AROSE THROUGH THE INFLUENCE OF ISLAMIC PARABLES." Herald of KSUCTA n a N Isanov, no. 2-2-2022 (April 30, 2022): 1011–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35803/1694-5298.2022.2.1011-1017.
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There is a reciprocal relationship between religion and culture. Religion is a social institution that creates societies with elements such as faith, morals and rituals along with their cultures. In the historical process, beliefs such as Buddhism, Manichaeism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity have been adopted by various Turkish tribes for various social and political reasons. However, the influence of the belief of Sky God, which is the basis of Turkish mythology and culture, on the Turkish tribes living in Turkestan has always continued. One of the results of the Talas War, which took place in 751, was that the Turkish tribes living in Turkestan began to accept Islam en masse. In the process of almost thirteen centuries that have passed since the arrival of the Turks under the influence of Islam, Mesopotamian mythology, along with Islamic teachings, influenced Turkic culture and folklore. Desiring to know, interpret and comprehend the nature and environment in which they live, the Turks created various toponymic legends based on their beliefs and cultures. While supernatural powers were gods, goddesses, creatures and spirits in Turkiс mythology, with the evolution of this tradition in post-Islamic Kyrgyz society, the concept of God, religious-mystical personalities such as prophet saints, jinns and angels came to the fore. Our study is about legends compiled on the territory of Kyrgyzstan and presumably formed under the influence of the Islamic faith.
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Smith, Denis Blomfield, Andrew Finkel, and Nukhet Sirman. "Turkish State, Turkish Society." Geographical Journal 157, no. 1 (March 1991): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/635153.
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Sokolov, Alexander I., and Irina A. Malysheva. "Turkisms in one of the early Russian translations of the 18th century." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature 18, no. 1 (2021): 187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2021.110.
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The article considers Turkic borrowings in the Russian language at the beginning of the 18th century. The material of the study was a translation of the 17th century treatise “The History of the Present State of the Ottoman Empire” written by the English diplomat Paul Ricaut and translated into a number of European languages. The Russian translation was done by P.A.Tolstoy from the Italian version in 1702–1714 and published as “The Turkish Monarchy” in 1741. The study presents the methods of phonetic (orthographic) and morphological adaptation of Turkisms by comparing a typographical manuscript for typesetting with edits (made in 1725) and the printed text. The article aims at comparing the usage of borrowings with their forms in the Italian version of the treatise and in the Polish translation since the latter, apparently, was used in the process of typographical editing of the Russian text. A number ofdistorted forms of Turkisms that appeared in the Russian “Monarchy” as a result of the mechanical transfer of typos from the Italian translation were revealed. It has been established that the translation of compound nouns identified in the Turkic languages as izafet constructions was mainly a copying of their forms from the Italian translation. Most of the Turkisms in “The Turkish Monarchy” are exoticisms, but likely relevant for the Russian reader of the 18th century. Hence, the principles of including exoticisms in the “Dictionary of the Russian Language of the 18th Century” require clarification because a number of Turkisms denoting confessional concepts in modern Russian are part of active vocabulary.
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ISKENDERZADE, ARZU. "LEXICON OF TURKIC ORIGIN IN “JAMSHID AND KHURSHID” MASNAVI’S LANGUAGE." Sharqshunoslik. Востоковедение. Oriental Studies 02, no. 02 (October 1, 2022): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ot/vol-01issue-02-07.
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From the point of view of studying the centuries-old history of the Turkish language, these language monuments created by Turkish poets and writers in the Middle Ages are important sources. The study of these monuments written in the Turkish language, and the study of their phonetic, lexical, and grammatical features also create conditions for determining the literary norms of the Turkic languages. From this point of view, the analysis of the vocabulary of “Jamshid and Khurshid”, a Turkish language written monument of the 14th-15th centuries, is both important and interesting from the point of view of studying the existence of Turkic words.In this article, the lexicon of Turkic origin has been studied in the language of Ahmadi’s masnavi “Jamshid and Khurshid”, the words of Turkic origin involved in the research have been compared with their usage forms in modern Turkic languages. As a result of the research, it has been found out that there are enough words of Turkic origin among the nouns, verbs, and numeral words used in the language of the monument. However, in the lexicon of “Jamshid and Khurshid” verbs occupy a greater place among the words of Turkic origin. In the lexicon of the 14th-15th century written monument “Jamshid and Khurshid”, carrying the linguistic features of Anatolian Oghuz Turkic, some of the words of Turkic origin have been preserved with minor phonetic changes, and some have been preserved their functionality as they are in modern Turkic languages.
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Vasiliev, A. D., and D. Z. Shariafetdinova. "The Role of Yusuf Akçura in the Formation of Turkish National Historiography." Orientalistica 6, no. 3-4 (November 18, 2023): 418–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2023-6-3-418-433.
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This article discusses the formation of Yusuf Akçura as a professional historian and one of the founders of the Turkish national historiography in the Republican period. Researchers of his works used to focus on his socio-political activities, educational and public work. His role as one of the first Turkish historiographers, who took seriously the idea of the Turkic origin of the Turkish nation, remains still understudied basically. It is noteworthy that he stood at the foundations of the official concept of national history after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Akçura succeeded to include (pre-)modern history of the Turkic peoples of Eurasia in the Thesis on Turkish History (see: [Türk Tarihinin Ana Hatları, 1930]), which became the basis of the official historiography in Republican Turkey. As is known, M. K. Ataturk noticed him and introduced him into the group of the new Turkish political elite charged to formulate the official republican historical and educational discourse in the early 1930s. It was because of Akçura’s works, that history of the Turks began to be studied and taught in Republican Turkey.
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İSKENDİROV, Anar. "THE INFLUENCE OF THE MUSTAFA KEMAL ATATURK REFORMS ON THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ART AND CULTURE IN TURKEY IN THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY." NEW ERA JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY SOCIAL STUDIES 7, no. 12 (March 25, 2022): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/newera.155.
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The name of the famous Ataturk, the founder of the Turkish Republic and the genius of the entire Turkic world, is very dear and native to all Turkic-speaking peoples in our time. With his unsurpassed genius, outstanding talents displayed on the battlefields and political war, passionate love for the Motherland and the entire Turkish world, Atatürk not only prevented the destruction and disintegration of the Turkish state and people, but also, by implementing such important reforms in society as education, the acquisition of scientific and cultural innovations, created the basis for the Turkish flag to rise to heaven with renewed vigor and fly in eternity. The Turkish people, with their ancient roots and extremely rich cultural heritage, have made a very valuable spiritual contribution to the fine arts of the world. With the formation of the Republic in Turkey, such areas of art as sculpture, graphics, advertising and poster began to develop. The creation of the first monuments of monumental sculpture in the history of Turkey and the appearance of many famous Turkish sculptors is connected with the establishment of the Republic. As a result of the application of education, science, and literacy in all spheres of Turkish society, many famous women-artists, artists, athletes, and civil servants-appeared during the Republic. The fact that the state does not bind artists within the framework of any ideology, gives them freedom of creativity, leads to the appearance of different styles and interesting creative searches in the Turkish art of the Republic period. This article is devoted to the study of the reflection in the Turkish art of the twentieth century of the unique reforms that the great Ataturk preached and applied.
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Skvirskaja, Vera. "The many faces of Turkish Odessa." Focaal 2014, no. 70 (December 1, 2014): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2014.700105.
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The article discusses regional territoriality by looking at the heterogeneous community of Turkish male migrants and the multiple alliances they establish in post-Soviet Odessa, Ukraine. In its public image, the city plays down ideas of urban continuities with the Ottoman past, but new relations between Turkish newcomers and various Turkic-speaking groups in the area both create different and overlapping “ecumenical communities” and actualize long-forgotten connections or marginal historical visions. These migrants also generate important links to the area through marriage and intimate relations with Slav women. I argue that alliances between Turkish migrants and Turkic-speaking minorities and local women not only allow them to make the city their own, but also create a distance from wider Odessan society.
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Moutsis, Ioannis. "Turkish Cypriot identity after 1974: Turkish Cypriots, Turks of Cyprus or Cypriots?" Synthesis: an Anglophone Journal of Comparative Literary Studies, no. 10 (May 1, 2017): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/syn.16247.
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The hopes created by the unexpected triumph of Mustafa Akıncı in the Turkish Cypriot parliamentary elections in 2015 opened once again the debate about Turkish Cypriot identity. Despite the various works on the issue since the opening of the borders in 2003, the issue of identity in the Turkish Cypriot community still remains under-researched. The hope of the Turkish Cypriots for reunification and an end to political isolation was replaced by skepticism after the rejection of the 2004 Annan Plan by the Greek Cypriots in a national referendum. Nevertheless the election of Mustafa Akιncı with an overwhelming sixty percent proves that the Turkish Cypriots should not be considered as loyal to the AKP-controlled Turkish political order as perhaps they were once thought to be. This article will attempt to examine the various aspects of Turkish Cypriot identity, as this has been formed by the Cyprus issue, their fifty-year-long isolation and the hope for an end of the present status quo that will open a window to the outside world forty-one years after the 1974 war and eleven years after the Annan Plan referenda.
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Egamberdiyev, Mirzahan Sh, and Azmukhanova Aiman Makhsotоvna. "Some aspects of cooperation of the Turkic peoples in Turkish sources and historiography (the end of 19th – first quarter of the 20 centuries)." Turkic Studies Journal 5, no. 3 (2023): 72–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2664-5157-2023-3-72-91.
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The end of the 19th - the first quarter of the 20th centuries is characterized by a heavy burden in the history of the Turkic peoples: the policy of spiritual colonization of Tsarist Russia was in full swing, the Jadid and Turkic movements were gaining strength, the Turkic peoples strengthened their solidarity within the framework of these ideas, as a result of two revolutions, the entire structure 90М.Ш. Эгамбердиев, А.М. Азмұханова Turkic Studies Journal 3 (2023) 72-91of Russia’s imperialist policy changed, the Bolshevik policy of atheism, famine and repression was implemented. This period has been comprehensively studied in domestic historiography and its «blank pages» continue to be revealed today. However, this historical period has not yet been studied in the sources and historiography of Turkey, which is a fraternal country. The main sources of the chronological period we have chosen are preserved in the archives of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Turkey, the Ottoman state libraries and the rare collections of the National Library in Ankara. Studies and historiographical bases connected with the problems of the Turkic peoples’ cooperation were considered from two perspectives. The main purpose of the article is a comprehensive analysis of the Turkic peoples’ cooperation since the end of the 19th – first quarter of the 20th centuries in Turkish sources and historiography. To achieve this goal, Turkish sources and materials stored in the archives were classified by comparative analysis, and on this basis the problems of Jadid movement, Turkism and Islam, Muslim issues, national identity, and political-cultural struggle based on the principle of historicism were analyzed.
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Papadopoulou, Foiniki. "Was nationalism to blame for the Smyrna fire?" Groundings Undergraduate 10 (November 1, 2017): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36399/groundingsug.10.191.
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This essay examines the role of Turkish and Greek nationalist ideologies in igniting the flames of ethnic tensions that culminated in the Smyrna fire of 1922. The Greco-Turkish war was propelled forward by the nationalist rhetoric of the ‘Great Idea’ that expressed the fantasy of stretching the Greek state to encompass key areas of ancient and Byzantine Hellenism in Anatolia. This militant ideology was broadly interpreted as a threat to the very presence of Turkish nationals in Anatolia and was thus detrimental to the development of a Turkish counterpart in the form of Kemalist pan-Turkism. As the last event in a cause-and-effect sequence of nationalist conflicts, the Smyrna fire exemplifies the destructive nature of Kemalist nationalism, which was directed against both the human and the material character of Ottoman Smyrna with the aim of purging the city of its non- Turkish elements and creating a tabula rasa on which the history of the newly formed national identity could be rewritten and projected onto the urban fabric.
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Suvari, Çakır Ceyhan. "A Brief Review of Ethnicity Studies in Turkey." Iran and the Caucasus 14, no. 2 (2010): 407–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338410x12743419190467.
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AbstractAs is known, the racist worldview rising in Europe, particularly in Germany of the 1930s, affected also the socio-political realities in Turkey, and became in effect a part of the official policy of the country. Many theories of obvious Turkist nature, such as Güneş Dil Teorisi (Sun Language Theory), were even shaped by the government and introduced into the university programmes. In this framework, the ancient Near Eastern states were declared Turkish, and the idea about the primordial presence of the Turks in Anatolia and Mesopotamia became a sort of axiom or absolute truth. From anthropological perspective, thousands of Armenian and Greek graves were opened and examined for the purpose of determining the real Turkish type; the skulls taken from these graves were compared with those of the contemporary Turks. The racist ideology defeated in Europe as a result of World War II, was correspondingly overthrown in Turkey too; even some sanctions were imposed to its defenders. However, since the 1980s, the similar ideas have been brought to the agenda again via the project of “the re-discovery of the proto-Turks in Anatolia”. Moreover, some Turkish academics have argued that the non-Muslim and non-Turk peoples, such as the Pontus Greeks, the Armenians, and the Assyrians are, indeed, of Turkic origin. This paper examines the recent publications by several Turkish authors who vehemently advocate the above summarised views, which, at the same time, are shared and embraced by a clear majority of the academics studying identity and ethnicity issues in Turkey. The introductory part of the paper discusses the theoretical aspects of ethnicity—again with a focus on the relevant literature published in Turkey.
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Abdullayeva, Ulviyya. "TURKISHNESS AND TURANISM IN THE CREATIVITY OF MUHAMMAD HADI." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 59, no. 4 (November 16, 2023): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/5919.
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The article examines the problem of Turkism and Turanism in the poetry of one of the Azerbaijani romantics, Muhammad Hadi. It is shown that his work in the magazine "Füyuzat" and being a representative of the "Füyuzat" literary school increased the opinion of Turks from the beginning of his work. The idea of homeland, nation, and people described in his articles, his attitude to the issue of literary language, and his poems were also related to Turkism. Like A. Huseynzadeh, I. Gaspıralı, H.S. Ayvazov, M. Hadi not only defended the all-Turkish literary language, but even considered it necessary to adopt the Ottoman dialect of this language. The processes that took place around Turkey during the First World War, his presence in the war, strengthened the position of Turkism and Turanism in his work, and the ideology of Turkism, which appeared in the language of his poems and articles at the beginning of his work, deepened and gained new content. In his poems written during the republic, he calls for Turkish unity. In many of his poems written during this period, the poet calls to protect the independence won by the Turkish nation and to protect the motherland from the enemy. Although the idea of Turan and Turanism are not clearly emphasized in M. Hadi's poems, the spiritual map and ideology of the image of Turan are drawn in the poetic understanding of the ideology of Turkism.
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Cakir, Mustafa. "TURKISH TEACHERS' PERCEPTIONS ON TURKISH AND TURKISH CULTURE COURSES." International Journal of Languages' Education 1, Volume 4 Issue 3 (January 1, 2016): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.18298/ijlet.627.
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Aktürk, Sener. "Incompatible Visions of Supra-Nationalism: National Identity in Turkey and the European Union." European Journal of Sociology 48, no. 2 (August 2007): 347–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975607000409.
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This essay looks at Turkish-EU relations with a specific focus on identity narratives from the Turkish point of view. It outlines Turkey's official national narrative in its Ottoman, Turkic, and Islamic supra-national contexts and compares it with the supranational framework of EU member states' national narratives. According to the official Turkish historiography, Turkey is not part of a European family of nations. Turkey's non-European post-imperial identity is found to be comparable to that of Britain.
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UYSAL, Sinem. "Yabancı Dil Olarak Türkçenin Öğretiminde Zamanların Kullanımında Yapılan Yazım Yanlışları ve Çözüm Önerileri : Kazakistan Örneği." Journal of Social Research and Behavioral Sciences 9, no. 19 (July 25, 2023): 296–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.52096/jsrbs.9.19.22.
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Teaching Turkish as a foreign language is a rapidly developing field in recent years. The expansion of this field has also created some nuances. Fields such as teaching Turkish for foreign nationals and teaching Turkish for related languages, although not far from each other, contain differences. Having a cognate language makes learning Turkish faster and easier. Because the learning speed of Russian and Kazakh students who learn Turkish as a foreign language and the proximity of the grammatical structure of the language they learn to their mother tongue are important factors affecting the learning process. In this case, the methods and tools used, the intensity of the subject should be different. In the teaching of Turkish as a foreign language, various materials and textbooks have been prepared for Turkic speakers to learn Turkish, but it cannot be said that this perception is given sufficient importance in the preparation of special textbooks and materials for the aforementioned Turkish nobles. Although teaching Turkish to foreigners is developing as a new field, it is known that the works and studies to be done in this field are still not at a sufficient level. Things to consider in teaching Turkish as a foreign language; Each grammatical element of the language should be emphasized separately, the frequency of errors should be determined, and frequent and repetitive errors should be eliminated with comprehensive exercises. In the study, the written works of Kazakh students who learn Turkish as a foreign language were examined with document analysis, which is one of the qualitative research methods, and the most common spelling mistakes they made with the times and the reasons for these mistakes were investigated, and then some solutions were presented. Key words: Teaching Turkish as a foreign language, Soydas Turks, Turkey Turkish, Kazakh students learning Turkish, spelling mistakes
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MİKAYILOV, İlkin. "TÜRKİ YE’Nİ N YENİ BÖLGELERE YÖNELİ K “İ DDİ ALI” DIŞ POLİ Tİ KASI: HERKESİ N DOSTLARA İ HTİ YACI VAR." “Küresel siyaset: Türkiye’den bakış”, Spring,2021 (April 30, 2021): 230–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30546/2616-4418.bitd.2021.230.
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This article’s main argument is that after failure of ‘zero problems with neighbours’ oriented foreign policy Turkey is experiencing the transformation of foreign policy and more focusing towards the regions which were ignored before. After Arab Spring, especially after the Syrian Crisis, it has been observed that ‘zero problem with neighbours’ oriented foreign policy became ineffective and lost its effect in the Middle East. However, this does not mean that Turkey’s foreign policy loses its assertiveness. After assertive policies towards Middle East and Mediterranean areas, Turkey’s assertive foreign policy shifted towards new regions, which are historically, have less confrontation with Turkey and has positive trends against Turkey such as Caucasus and Central Asia. In this context, while the relations with the Turkic Council were deepened, the policy towards this region became clear with the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War. During the Second Nagorno- Karabakh War Turkey gave strong support to Azerbaıjan both in term of rhetoric and military support as well based on Turkish drones and other Turkish made military equipment which shows the assertiveness of Turkey. The development of the Turkic Council’s member countries both politically and economically made organization an important regional actor. Thus, Turkic Council become an important tool for Turkish foreign policy in terms of assertiveness. Turkey’s assertive foreign policy will increase which is the in compliance with the Turkey’s national security. Also for region countries, it is important that Turkey put weight on region, which is crucial for Turkish foreign policy. Keywords: Assertiveness, Caucasus, Turkish Foreign Policy, Turkic Council.
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Helvaci, Ayhan. "Contemporary Turkish Composers - Turkish Five." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 46 (2012): 2630–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.05.537.
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Bismildina, Dinara, Maya Myrzabekova, and Asiya Nurzhanova. "Nature of common words in Kazakh and Turkish languages." InterConf, no. 45(201) (May 20, 2024): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.51582/interconf.19-20.05.2024.027.
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In this article, the history of the formation and development of the languages of peoples of Turkic descent develops in close connection with the history of the people who speak that language, and about the work «Diwani Lugat-at-Turk», which is a dictionary and encyclopedic heritage of the scholar M. Kashkari, who was the first to study Turkic languages, compiled from the common words of Turkic peoples. , as well as an overview of the studies of Turkic-scientists comparing and grouping Turkic languages and determining their genetic connection. In addition, this article describes the common linguistic elements in the vocabulary of the Kazakh language, which belongs to the Kypchak-Nogai group of the Kypchak group, and the Turkish language, which belongs to the Oguz-Seljuk group of the Oguz group; similar words in the Kazakh and Turkish languages are grouped by word class and meaning, and their sound differences are proved by examples; It is said about words introduced into the Kazakh-Turkish languages from the Arabic-Persian languages.
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Abdushukurov, Baxtiyor, and Lufulla Sindarov. "The Zoonyms Used in Written Turkic Sources During the Period Between XI — XIV Centuries." Golden scripts 1, no. 1 (March 10, 2019): 67–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.52773/tsuull.gold.2019.1/pdbc5390.
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The article considers zoononyms used in written monuments created in the XI — XIV centuries in Movarounnahr, Dashti-Kipchak and Egypt. In the process of writing the article, the following sources were used such as “Kutadgu Bilig” by Yusuf Khojib, “Hibatul-Hakoyik” by Ahmed Yugnakiy, “Devon Tussles Turk” by Mahmoud Koshgari, “Tafsir”, “Oguzname”, “Guliston bit Turkish” by Sayfi Saroiy, “Khusrav va Shirin” by Kutb, “Nazhul farodis” by Mahmud bin Ali al-Saraiy, “Muhabbatnome” by Khorasmiy, as well as “Kisasi Rabguzi” by Nosiruddin Rabguzi.All materials used in the above mentioned works related to zoonony are compared and identified in diachronic historical aspect with the ancient Turkic written monuments representing a collection of texts as kuktürk, as well as considered sources representing Uyghur legal documents of XII and XIV centuries and Oguz-Kypchak inscriptions in XIV century sources such as, “Kitab al-Savr Lilison ul-Atrok” by Abu Hayen, author is unknown, “At-tuffatuz zakiyatu fil luatit turkiy”, “Kitob bulgat al-mushtok fi lugatit-turk kifchok” and “Tarzhumon turkish wa azamiy wa mugaliy” by Jamoliddin Turki, as well as with the works of Alisher Navoi and the dictionary of V. Radlov.In the article, the term system, which was the object of study, is compared using synchronous methods with materials of modern Turkic languages, in particular, modern Uzbek and Turkish literary languages, and in some cases they are compared with Uzbek dialects. At the end of the article, relevant conclusions on the use of these terms and their phonetic and semantic changes have been provided.
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Berezovskaya, Polina, Sigrid Beck, and Robin Hörnig. "Turkish correlatives in monolingual Turkish and bilingual Turkish-German grammar." Proceedings of the Workshop on Turkic and Languages in Contact with Turkic 8 (December 7, 2023): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/j92h0b81.
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Our paper presents an experimental study on multiple correlatives in Turkish. The research questions that guided our study are twofold: (a) What are the presuppositions of multiple correlatives in Turkish? (b) Is there a difference between monolingual Turkish speakers and bilingual Turkish-German speakers with respect to multiple correlatives? Question (a) targets the presuppositions of interrogative-based correlatives. Since the presuppositions of multiple questions are crosslinguistically variable, are the presuppositions of correlatives based on them variable in a parallel way? Question (b) targets crosslinguistic variability in the acceptability of multiple correlatives. While Turkish permits them, German does not. Does this variability affect bilingual speakers’ grammars? Our results indicate that (a) multiple correlatives share the presuppositions of the questions they contain and (b) bilingual speakers’ grammar of correlatives is different from that of monolingual speakers. The paper sheds a new light on crosslinguistic variation in the domain of questions and correlatives and on bilingual grammar.