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1

Meinertzhagen., R. "Occurrence of Turdus philomelos clarkei in Algeria." Ibis 74, no. 2 (June 28, 2008): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1932.tb07634.x.

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2

Dubska, Lenka, Ivan Literak, Elena Kocianova, Veronika Taragelova, Veronika Sverakova, Oldrich Sychra, and Miloslav Hromadko. "Synanthropic Birds Influence the Distribution ofBorreliaSpecies: Analysis ofIxodes ricinusTicks Feeding on Passerine Birds." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 3 (December 10, 2010): 1115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02278-10.

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ABSTRACTIxodes ricinusticks collected from 835 birds and from vegetation in the Czech Republic were analyzed. Host-seeking ticks (n= 427) were infected predominantly byBorrelia afzelii(25%). Ticks (n= 1,012) from songbirds (Passeriformes) were infected commonly byBorrelia garinii(12.1%) andBorrelia valaisiana(13.4%). Juveniles of synanthropic birds, Eurasian blackbirds (Turdus merula) and song thrushes (Turdus philomelos), were major reservoir hosts ofB. garinii.
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Taragel'ová, Veronika, Juraj Koči, Klára Hanincová, Klaus Kurtenbach, Markéta Derdáková, Nick H. Ogden, Ivan Literák, Elena Kocianová, and Milan Labuda. "Blackbirds and Song Thrushes Constitute a Key Reservoir of Borrelia garinii, the Causative Agent of Borreliosis in Central Europe." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 4 (December 21, 2007): 1289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01060-07.

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ABSTRACT Blackbirds (Turdus merula) and song thrushes (Turdus philomelos) were found to carry 95% of all spirochete-infected tick larvae among 40 bird species captured in Central Europe. More than 90% of the infections were typed as Borrelia garinii and Borrelia valaisiana. We conclude that thrushes are key players in the maintenance of these spirochete species in this region of Central Europe.
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Storino, Pierpaolo, Giuseppe Martino, Manuela Policastrese, Eugenio Muscianese, Domenico Bevacqua, Sergio Tralongo, and Antonino Siclari. "Prima nidificazione accertata di Tordo bottaccio Turdus philomelos nel Parco Nazionale dell’Aspromonte." Rivista Italiana di Ornitologia 87, no. 2 (June 21, 2018): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/rio.2017.321.

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In Calabria, il Tordo bottaccio Turdus philomelos si riproduce solo nei settori settentrionali e centrali della Regione (i.e. Pollino, Orsomarso e Sila), mentre in provincia di Reggio Calabria la nidificazione non è mai stata accertata e le osservazioni risultano scarse e concentrate esclusivamente nei periodi migratori. Durante due successive stagioni riproduttive (2015-2016), abbiamo osservato N=16 individui di T. philomelos a differenti altitudini (min 630 m, max 1,838 m a.s.l.) prevalentemente nei boschi di latifoglie decidue mesofile. Sono stati utilizzati la modalità del “distance sampling” eseguendo un transetto a piedi ed altre 3 diverse tecniche di campionamento “point-count” per stimare la presenza della specie nel Parco Nazionale dell’Aspromonte. Con questo lavoro, abbiamo accertato per la prima volta la nidificazione del T. philomelos nel Parco Nazionale dell’Aspromonte e nella provincia di Reggio Calabria. In futuro, con l’incremento dell’area di investigazione, si potrà quantificare in modo più accurato il numero di coppie nidificanti e la loro distribuzione su scala regionale.
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Muscianese, Eugenio, Giuseppe Martino, Pasquale Sgro, Sergio Scebba, and Michele Sorrenti. "Timing of Pre-Nuptial Migration of the Song Thrush Turdus Philomelos in Calabria (Southern Italy)." Ring 40, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ring-2018-0002.

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Abstract Muscianese E., Martino G., Sgro P., Scebba S. and Sorrenti M. 2018. Timing of pre-nuptial migration of the Song Thrush Turdus philomelos in Calabria (southern Italy). Ring 40: 19-30. The European Commission has established that pre-nuptial migration of the Song Thrush Turdus philomelos in Italy begins in the second decade (10-day period) of January. This three-year study was carried out at two localities in the Calabria region of southern Italy from 2012 to 2014, with 3-4 ringing sessions every decade from mid-January to the end of March. In total, 447 birds were captured. Based on catching dynamics and changes in fat load and body mass, we documented that the species’ northward migration took place in mainly March, with early movements in February. As no migratory activity was detected before the second decade of February, the dates of the hunting season in this area can be re-considered.
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THEODORIDIS (Ι. ΘΕΟΔΩΡΙΔΗΣ), Y., A. ALEXAKIS (ΑΛΕΞΑΚΗΣ Α.), and Ch MATARA (ΜΑΤΑΡΑ Χ.). "The presence of Haemoproteus spp in wild birds in Greece." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 49, no. 4 (January 31, 2018): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15787.

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Blood smears from 541 birds of 11 different species, killed in 4 continuous hunting periods (1977-1980), at Macedonian region, were examined. One hundred and six were found to be infected with the protozoon Haemoproteus. A higher infection rate was observed in the orphean warblers (Sylvia hortensis 58,3%) and, in descending order, in the turtle-doves {Streptopelia turtur 33,3%), the partridges (Perdix per dix 33,3%), the goldfinches (Carduelis carduelis 30,4%), the greenfinche orioles (Carduelis chloriis 29,5%), the house sparrows (Passer domesticus 27,6%), the blackbirds (Turdus merula 15%), the quails (Coturnix coturnix 7,62%), and the CettPs warblers (Cettia cetti 7,1%). The parasite was not found in blood smears from song thrushes (Turdus philomelos) and reavings (Turdus iliacus).
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7

Kopij, Grzegorz. "The effect of urbanization on population densities of forest passerine species in a Central European city." Ornis Hungarica 27, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 207–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/orhu-2019-0011.

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Abstract Typical, but less common, passerine forest species were selected for this study, such as Lullula arborea, Anthus trivialis, Troglodytes troglodytes, Prunella modularis, Turdus philomelos, Turdus viscivorus, Phylloscopus sibilatrix, Regulus regulus, Regulus ignicapillus, Muscicapa striata, Ficedula albicollis, Ficedula hypoleuca, Parus cristatus, Parus palustris, Parus ater, Certhia familiaris, Certhia brachydactyla, Oriolus oriolus, Garrulus glandarius, and Corvus corax. M. striata and T. philomelos were the most numerous among the 20 investigated species, the former one nested in a density of 6.7 pairs per 100 ha of wooded area, while the later one at 5.1 pairs per 100 ha. Density of most other species was below 3 pairs per 100 ha of wooded area. A. trivialis, P. cristatus and P. modularis were unexpectedly rare (< 1 pair per 100 ha). Otherwise, relatively numerous were T. troglodytes (1.8 p./100 ha), R. regulus (1.8 p./100 ha) and P. palustris (1.4 p./100 ha). P. cristatus, L. arborea, and T. viscivorus were the rarest species investigated (below 0.1 p./100 ha). Several bird species nested in wooded areas only in the outer zone of the city. This group included A. trivialis, R. regulus, P. ater, and C. corax. Population density of T. troglodytes, T. philomelos and O. oriolus were significantly higher in outer than in inner zone, while the reverse was true in the case of M. striata and F. hypoleuca.
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8

Pisotska, V. "Features of nesting Turdus philomelos and Turdus merula in forest protection strips of Kharkiv region." Ecological Sciences 1, no. 2 (2020): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32846/2306-9716/2020.eco.2-29.1.13.

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9

Sitko, Jiljí, and Petr Heneberg. "Emerging helminthiases of song thrush (Turdus philomelos) in Central Europe." Parasitology Research 119, no. 12 (October 8, 2020): 4123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-06911-0.

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10

Sakhvon, V. V., and V. V. Gritchik. "Nest sites selection by sympatric Song Thrush (Turdus philomelos) and Blackbird (Turdus merula) in different forests." “Branta”: Transactions of the Azov-Black Sea Ornithological Station 2018, no. 21 (December 26, 2018): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/branta2018.21.040.

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11

Csörgő, Tibor, Péter Fehérvári, Zsolt Karcza, and Andrea Harnos. "Exploratory analyses ofmigration timing andmorphometrics of the Song Thrush (Turdus philomelos)." Ornis Hungarica 25, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 120–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/orhu-2017-0009.

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Abstract Ornithological studies often rely on long-term bird ringing data sets as sources of information. However, basic descriptive statistics of raw data are rarely provided. In order to fill this gap, here we present the third item of a series of exploratory analyses of migration timing and body size measurements of the most frequent Passerine species at a ringing station located in Central Hungary (1984-2016). First, we give a concise description of foreign ring recoveries of the Song Thrush in relation to Hungary. We then shift focus to data of 4137 ringed individuals and 1051 recaptures derived from the ringing station, where birds have been trapped, handled and ringed with standardized methodology since 1984. Timing is described through annual and daily capture and recapture frequencies and their descriptive statistics. We show annual mean arrival dates within the study period and present the cumulative distributions of first captures with stopover durations. We present the distributions of wing, third primary, tail length and body mass, and the annual means of these variables. Furthermore, we show the distributions of individual fat and muscle scores, and the distributions of body mass within each fat score category. We distinguish the spring and autumn migratory periods, breeding and wintering seasons, and age groups (i.e. juveniles and adults). Our aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the analysed variables. However, we do not aim to interpret the obtained results, merely to draw attention to interesting patterns that may be worth exploring in detail. Data used here are available upon request for further analyses.
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12

AOKI, Noriyuki, Tohru MANO, and Naoko TAKEUCHI. "First Banding Record of Song Thrush Turdus philomelos in Japan." Bulletin of the Japanese Bird Banding Association 26, no. 1 (2014): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14491/jbba.00059.

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13

Mason, C. F. "Habitats of the song thrush Turdus philomelos in a largely arable landscape." Journal of Zoology 244, no. 1 (January 1998): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1998.tb00010.x.

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14

Chaplygina, A. B., O. Y. Pakhomov, and V. V. Brygadyrenko. "Trophic links of the song thrush (Turdus philomelos) in transformed forest ecosystems of North-Eastern Ukraine." Biosystems Diversity 27, no. 1 (March 9, 2019): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/011908.

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The diet spectrum of the song thrush (Turdus philomelos Brehm, 1831; Passeriformes, Turdidae) was studied with the aim of supporting the population of the species in transformed forests of North-Eastern Ukraine. Four forest ecosystems were surveyed: three model sites in oak woodlands with different stages of recreational digression, and the fourth model site in a pine-oak forest. A total of 45 invertebrate taxa with the dominance of Insecta (64.6%, n = 1321), Oligochaеta (16.7%), and Gastropoda (12.0%) were revealed in the diet of the song thrush. At the level of orders, Lepidoptera (66.2%) was dominant. In the qualitative structure of the song thrush nestling diet, the highest number of taxa (40.5–59.1%) was represented by phytophages. Phytophagous species also comprised the majority of the consumed prey items (44.7–80.3%). Environmental conditions are an important factor, affecting the diet composition of birds. The most favourable foraging conditions for the thrushes were revealed in natural protected areas. The analysis has shown a fairly even foraging efficiency of the thrushes in all the studied sites. The highest biodiversity indices were found in a protected area of the National Nature Park “Homilshanski Forests”. The results of the research indicate an important role of T. philomelos in the population management of potentially dangerous agricultural pests.
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15

Silva, Nuno, Gilberto Igrejas, Ana Felgar, Alexandre Gonçalves, Rui Pacheco, and Patrícia Poeta. "Molecular characterization of vanA-containing Enterococcus from migratory birds: song thrush (Turdus philomelos)." Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 43, no. 3 (September 2012): 1026–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-83822012000300026.

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16

Navarro, E., C. Roldán, J. Cervera, and J. L. Ferrero. "Radioactivity measurements on migrating birds (Turdus philomelos) captured in the Comunidad Valenciana (Spain)." Science of The Total Environment 209, no. 2-3 (January 1998): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(98)80105-8.

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17

Navarro, E. "Radioactivity measurements on migrating birds (Turdus philomelos) captured in the Comunidad Valenciana (Spain)." Science of The Total Environment 209, no. 2-3 (January 19, 1998): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(97)00311-2.

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18

TUCKER, G. M. "Apostatic selection by song thrushes (Turdus philomelos) feeding on the snail Cepaea hortensis." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 43, no. 2 (June 1991): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1991.tb00590.x.

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19

Cardells-Peris, Jesús, Moisés Gonzálvez, Joaquín Ortega-Porcel, María Rocío Ruiz de Ybáñez, María Carmen Martínez-Herrero, and María Magdalena Garijo-Toledo. "Parasitofauna survey of song thrushes (Turdus philomelos) from the eastern part of Spain." Parasitology International 79 (December 2020): 102176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2020.102176.

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20

Scebba, Sergio, and Maria Oliveri Del Castillo. "Timing of Song Thrush Turdus philomelos on pre-nuptial migration in southern Italy." Ornis Hungarica 25, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/orhu-2017-0008.

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Abstract We studied the presence and movements of Song Thrush along the southern Tyrrhenian coast line in the region of Campania, from 2013 to 2016, in order to establish the timing of northward migration. We captured and ringed 150 birds with standardised mist-netting. There was little evidence of migration from the second 10-day period of January, when the trapping began, until the first 10-day period of February. There were no peaks due to the arrival of migrant birds though an increase in captures was recorded during the second 10-day period of February with a very considerable peak during the second 10-day period of March. The mean body mass showed significant increases from the third 10-day period of February, with the highest values recorded in March, also reflected in the accumulation of subcutaneous fat; 91% of subjects with fat scores 3 and 4 were concentrated between the third 10-day period of February and the third 10-day period of March, while the first birds with fat appeared only in the first 10-day period of February. Analysis of several recoveries of thrushes ringed in Campania, in other Italian regions and in other countries, confirms the presence of these birds in Campania in the period between the third 10-day period of January and the third 10-day period of March. The data gathered during the four years of this investigation provide a fairly clear, though not conclusive, picture of the temporal trend of pre-nuptial migration of Song Thrush, which never began before the second 10-day period of February, although it is possible that some birds on migration may be present in the previous 10-day period.
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21

Hegelbach, Johann, and Reto Spaar. "Saisonaler Verlauf der Gesangsaktivität der Singdrossel(Turdus philomelos), mit Anmerkungen zum nachbrutzeitlichen Gesangsschub." Journal für Ornithologie 141, no. 4 (October 2000): 425–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01651572.

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22

G�tmark, Frank. "Blue eggs do not reduce nest predation in the song thrush, Turdus philomelos." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 30, no. 3-4 (April 1992): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00166709.

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23

Rodríguez-Turienzo, L., O. Díaz, B. Sanmartín, and A. Cobos. "Characterization of meat from two game birds: thrush (Turdus philomelos) and turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur) Caracterización de la carne de dos aves de caza: zorzal (Turdus philomelos) y tórtola (Streptopelia turtur)." CyTA - Journal of Food 8, no. 3 (November 2010): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19476330903420731.

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Dubska, Lenka, Ivan Literak, Elena Kocianova, Veronika Taragelova, and Oldrich Sychra. "Differential Role of Passerine Birds in Distribution of Borrelia Spirochetes, Based on Data from Ticks Collected from Birds during the Postbreeding Migration Period in Central Europe." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 3 (December 5, 2008): 596–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01674-08.

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ABSTRACT Borrelia spirochetes in bird-feeding ticks were studied in the Czech Republic. During the postbreeding period (July to September 2005), 1,080 passerine birds infested by 2,240 Ixodes ricinus subadult ticks were examined. Borrelia garinii was detected in 22.2% of the ticks, Borrelia valaisiana was detected in 12.8% of the ticks, Borrelia afzelii was detected in 1.6% of the ticks, and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto was detected in 0.3% of the ticks. After analysis of infections in which the blood meal volume and the stage of the ticks were considered, we concluded that Eurasian blackbirds (Turdus merula), song thrushes (Turdus philomelos), and great tits (Parus major) are capable of transmitting B. garinii; that juvenile blackbirds and song thrushes are prominent reservoirs for B. garinii spirochetes; that some other passerine birds investigated play minor roles in transmitting B. garinii; and that the presence B. afzelii in ticks results from infection in a former stage. Thus, while B. garinii transmission is associated with only a few passerine bird species, these birds have the potential to distribute millions of Lyme disease spirochetes between urban areas.
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25

Ruiz, Xavier, Lluis Jover, Gustavo A. Llorente, Alberto F. Sanchez-Reyes, and Maria I. Febrian. "Song Thrushes Turdus philomelos Wintering in Spain as Biological Indicators of the Chernobyl Accident." Ornis Scandinavica 19, no. 1 (March 1988): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3676529.

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Scebba, Sergio, Michele Soprano, and Michele Sorrenti. "Timing of the Spring Migration of the Song Thrush Turdus Philomelos through Southern Italy." Ring 36, no. 1 (January 29, 2015): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ring-2014-0002.

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Abstract We studied the population trend and movements of the Song Thrush during the winter near the Tyrrhenian coast in the region of Latium, from 2012 to 2014, in order to establish the timing of spring migration. During standardized mist-netting we captured and ringed 431 birds. The data collected indicate that the study area is mainly visited by wintering thrushes with significant year-toyear fluctuations in the number of birds. Based on the information gathered during this study, confirmed by the results of other studies carried out in southern Italy and France, we assume that spring migration starts in Latium between the second and third decade of February.
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WATABE, Yoshiki, Chidori ENOMOTO, and Hiroyuki IIJIMA. "A record of Song Thrush Turdus philomelos in Sagamihara, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan." Japanese Journal of Ornithology 68, no. 1 (April 23, 2019): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3838/jjo.68.85.

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28

Robinson, Robert A., Rhys E. Green, Stephen R. Baillie, Will J. Peach, and David L. Thomson. "Demographic mechanisms of the population decline of the song thrush Turdus philomelos in Britain." Journal of Animal Ecology 73, no. 4 (July 2004): 670–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-8790.2004.00841.x.

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Congdon, Nicola M., and James V. Briskie. "Changes in the life history traits of Song Thrushes Turdus philomelos introduced to New Zealand." Bird Study 61, no. 2 (April 3, 2014): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2014.908820.

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Baeza, A., M. del Río, C. Miró, A. Moreno, E. Navarro, J. M. Paniagua, and M. A. Peris. "Radiocesium and radiostrontium levels in song-thrushes (Turdus philomelos) captured in two regions of Spain." Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 13, no. 1 (January 1991): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0265-931x(91)90036-f.

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31

Cassey, Phillip, Marcel Honza, Tomas Grim, and Mark E. Hauber. "The modelling of avian visual perception predicts behavioural rejection responses to foreign egg colours." Biology Letters 4, no. 5 (July 2008): 515–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0279.

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How do birds tell the colours of their own and foreign eggs apart? We demonstrate that perceptual modelling of avian visual discrimination can predict behavioural rejection responses to foreign eggs in the nest of wild birds. We use a photoreceptor noise-limited colour opponent model of visual perception to evaluate its accuracy as a predictor of behavioural rates of experimental egg discrimination in the song thrush Turdus philomelos . The visual modelling of experimental and natural eggshell colours suggests that photon capture from the ultraviolet and short wavelength-sensitive cones elicits egg rejection decisions in song thrushes, while inter-clutch variation of egg coloration provides sufficient contrasts for detecting conspecific parasitism in this species. Biologically realistic sensory models provide an important tool for relating variability of behavioural responses to perceived phenotypic variation.
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32

Peskov, V. N., M. V. Franchuk, and N. S. Atamas’. "Growth Processes in the Postembryonic Development in Altricial Birds on the Example of Song Thrush, Turdus Philomelos (Passeriformers, Turdidae): A Multivariate Approach." Vestnik Zoologii 49, no. 5 (October 1, 2015): 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/vzoo-2015-0054.

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The paper explores the possibility of implementing the methods of multivariate statistics into studying the growth processes on the example of song thrushes, Turdus philomelos, Brehm, 1831, during their postnatal development as nestlings. The developmental trends in 12 morphometric traits in T. philomelos in the course of postembryogenesis is shown to be explained for 99.3 % by the first two principal components (PC). The major developmental trend (PC1 - 95.1 %) is defined by a highly correlative though irregular growth of linear forms of nestlings’ body parts, the two other trends relate to the body proportion formation (PC2 - 4.2 %). Th ere have been discovered the two growth stages: (1) of fast growth: from birth up to the 8th day with relative increment in growth of traits equal in average to 91.9 %, and (2) of slow growth: from the 8th to the 14th day, characterized by a reduction of an average growth increment being five times lower, and by intense feather cover development. There have been demonstrated that all the variables can be structured into the four groups or growth correlation pleiads (groups comprising similarly growing traits). The growth is shown to be most specific for the song thrush’s body, head and bill, being a part of a single pleiad. While still forming the three different growth pleiads the properties of the bird’s wing, leg, the 3rd and the 4th toes differ significantly less in respect to their growth characteristics.
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33

MURGUI, ENRIQUE. "When governments support poaching: a review of the illegal trapping of thrushes Turdus spp. in the parany of Comunidad Valenciana, Spain." Bird Conservation International 24, no. 2 (February 21, 2014): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095927091300052x.

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SummaryThe parany is a device used in Comunidad Valenciana (Spain) for trapping birds by the use of limed sticks. Between 1988 and 2001 successive Comunidad Valenciana governments authorised the legal trapping of thrushes Turdus spp. in 5,000 parany each year. Approximately 1.5 million thrushes (mostly Song Thrush Turdus philomelos and Redwing T. iliacus) along with half a million birds of many protected species (including raptors) were trapped annually. Authorisation ceased in 2001 but illegal trapping still occurs, using at least 2,000 parany. Comunidad Valenciana governments have explicitly supported bird trapping on both legal and technical grounds claiming that only small numbers of thrushes are caught and that other species are unaffected, thus complying with the EU Birds Directive. Such assertions have never been proven, and regional, national and international courts have declared that the parany contravenes nature protection laws. Comunidad Valenciana governments have deliberately overlooked such judgements. It is concluded that eradication of parany through law enforcement and educational schemes would be the best option. Nevertheless, according to the EU Birds Directive, controlled bird trapping would be feasible, and the requisites for such a strategy are discussed. The main obstacle to both eradication and strictly controlled use of parany is the lack of political will by Comunidad Valenciana governments.
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34

Li, Liang, and Tomáš Scholz. "Redescription of Porrocaecum semiteres (Zeder, 1800) (Nematoda: Ascaridida) from the Song Thrush Turdus philomelos (Passeriformes: Turdidae)." Acta Parasitologica 64, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11686-018-00001-z.

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35

Velarde, Roser, M. Concepción Porrero, Emmanuel Serrano, Ignasi Marco, María García, Sonia Téllez, Lucas Domínguez, Raül Aymí, and Santiago Lavín. "SEPTICEMIC SALMONELLOSIS CAUSED BY SALMONELLA HESSAREK IN WINTERING AND MIGRATING SONG THRUSHES (TURDUS PHILOMELOS) IN SPAIN." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 48, no. 1 (January 2012): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-48.1.113.

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36

Gruar, Derek, Will Peach, and Roy Taylor. "Summer diet and body condition of Song Thrushes Turdus philomelos in stable and declining farmland populations." Ibis 145, no. 4 (October 1, 2003): 637–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1474-919x.2003.00202.x.

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37

Silva, N., A. Felgar, A. Goncalves, S. Correia, R. Pacheco, C. Araujo, G. Igrejas, and P. Poeta. "Absence of extended-spectrum- -lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates in migratory birds: song thrush (Turdus philomelos)." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 65, no. 6 (April 13, 2010): 1306–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkq125.

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PEACH, WILL J., ROB A. ROBINSON, and KATHRYN A. MURRAY. "Demographic and environmental causes of the decline of rural Song Thrushes Turdus philomelos in lowland Britain." Ibis 146 (November 16, 2004): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.2004.00362.x.

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39

Cassey, Phillip, and John G. Ewen. "Relationships between nestling condition and variability in coccidian prevalence among three species of wild-nesting birds in New Zealand." Australian Journal of Zoology 56, no. 2 (2008): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo08001.

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Coccidian protozoa are widespread intestinal parasites of vertebrate species. Currently, our understanding of the dynamics of host–coccidia relationships among birds remains poor beyond domestic poultry and species held in captivity. The various threats that parasites can impose have resulted in demands to monitor and quantify different parasites and incorporate their impacts on hosts into ecological models of risk assessment. Here, we estimate prevalence of coccidian infections from nestlings of three species of exotic, free-living European passerines in New Zealand (Turdus merula, T. philomelos, Sturnus vulgaris). We find that despite high prevalence of infection among clutches (~40%) these infections appear asymptomatic and are not related to indices of nestling condition or fledging success. We encourage additional studies to provide results on variation in parasite prevalence and pathogenicity in order to build our understanding of host dynamics.
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Gryczyńska, Alicja, and Maciej Kowalec. "Different Competence as a Lyme Borreliosis Causative Agent Reservoir Found in Two Thrush Species: The Blackbird (Turdus merula) and the Song Thrush (Turdus philomelos)." Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 19, no. 6 (June 2019): 450–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2018.2351.

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41

Tomiałojć, Ludwik, and Grzegorz Neubauer. "Song Thrush Turdus philomelos and Hawfinch Coccothraustes coccothraustes Exhibit Non-Random Nest Orientation in Dense Temperate Forest." Acta Ornithologica 52, no. 2 (December 2017): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3161/00016454ao2017.52.2.008.

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42

Konarzewski, M., J. Kowalczyk, T. Swierubska, and B. Lewonczuk. "Effect of Short-Term Feed Restriction, Realimentation and Overfeeding on Growth of Song Thrush (Turdus philomelos) Nestlings." Functional Ecology 10, no. 1 (February 1996): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2390267.

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43

Redlisiak, Michał, Aleksandra Mazur, and Magdalena Remisiewicz. "Size Dimorphism and Sex Determination in the Song Thrush (Turdus philomelos) Migrating through the Southern Baltic Coast." Annales Zoologici Fennici 57, no. 1-6 (May 14, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5735/086.057.0104.

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HONZA, MARCEL, LENKA POLAČIKOVÁ, and PETR PROCHÁZKA. "Ultraviolet and green parts of the colour spectrum affect egg rejection in the song thrush (Turdus philomelos)." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 92, no. 2 (September 17, 2007): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00848.x.

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Moksnes, Arne, Lenka Polačiková, Eivin Røskaft, Bård Stokke, Marcel Honza, and Petr Procházka. "The role of blunt egg pole characteristics for recognition of eggs in the song thrush (Turdus philomelos)." Behaviour 147, no. 4 (2010): 465–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000579509x12584427339575.

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46

Rojas, María, Isabel González, Violeta Fajardo, Irene Martín, Pablo E. Hernández, Teresa garcía, and Rosario Martín. "Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Authentication of Raw Meats from Game Birds." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 91, no. 6 (November 1, 2008): 1416–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/91.6.1416.

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Abstract Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis has been applied to the identification of meats from quail (Coturnix coturnix), pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa), guinea fowl (Numida meleagris), capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus), Eurasian woodcock (Scolopax rusticola), woodpigeon (Columba palumbus), and song thrush (Turdus philomelos). PCR amplification was performed using a set of primers flanking a conserved region of approximately 720 base pairs (bp) from the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. Restriction site analysis based on sequence data from this DNA fragment permitted the selection of Alul and BfaI endonucleases for species identification. The restriction profiles obtained when amplicons were digested with the chosen enzymes allowed the unequivocal identification of all game bird species analyzed. However, the use of the PCR-RFLP technique described is limited to raw meat authentication. It is not suitable for cooked products because thermal treatment strongly accelerates DNA degradation leading to difficulties in amplifying the 720 bp fragment.
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Pesotskaya, V. V., A. B. Chaplygina, T. V. Shupova, and R. I. Kratenko. "Fruit and berry plants of forest belts as a factor of species diversity of ornithofauna during the breeding season and autumn migration period." Biosystems Diversity 28, no. 3 (September 3, 2020): 290–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/012038.

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During migration, the availability of food that affects the success of bird movements, the nature and timing of their movements, is critical for many bird species. The relationship between migration routes and the ripening of fruit and berry plants along the route is important. Four types of forest belts were studied: wind-blown maple-ash, latticed maple-linden, dense oak-maple-linden, wind-blown oak-maple-poplar. During the study 43 bird species were identified consuming 9 major fruit and berry plant species: Sambucus nigra, Prunus spinosa, Crataegus laevigata, Rosa canina, Prunus padus, Sorbus aucuparia, Rhamnus cathartica, Morus nigra, Prunus cerasus. The highest average number of birds feeding in forest belts (4.14 ind./km) was registered in oak-maple-linden dense forest belts, while the lowest number (1.48 ind./km) was recorded in wind-blown maple-ash ones. Maple-linden latticed forest belts characterize the best index data of α-diversity of birds. In the summer-autumn diet, succulent fruit are the most important: Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) – 11.8% of the total number of birds observed to feed on this food resource, Greenfinch (Chloris chloris) – 11.3%, Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) – 9.3%, Song thrush (Turdus philomelos) – 7.3%, Hawfinch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes) – 7.1%, Blackbird (Turdus merula) – 5.4%. 42 species of birds were observed to feed on black elderberry. More than half (51.2%) of the species composition of birds feeding on fruit and berry plants were migratory birds. Consequently, juicy berries are an important food during bird migrations.
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Snell, Katherine R. S., and Kasper Thorup. "Experience and survival in migratory European Robins Erithacus rubecula and Song Thrushes Turdus philomelos negotiating the Baltic Sea." Bird Study 66, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2019.1617233.

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49

Huttunen, Markku. "Orientation and migratory activity of Song Thrushes (Turdus philomelos) in northern Italy: cage and release experiments under overcast conditions." Ring 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10050-008-056-4.

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Orientation and migratory activity of Song Thrushes (Turdus philomelos) in northern Italy: cage and release experiments under overcast conditions The autumn orientation and migratory activity of Song Thrushes at different periods around sunset were recorded in northern Italy using orientation cages and release experiments, mostly under overcast skies. The aim of the experiments was to examine the importance of timing and energetic condition for the orientation and relative migratory activity of Song Thrushes located close to the wintering area. The data demonstrate that the birds tested during sunset showed a mean orientation that coincided with the average sunset azimuth. The birds that were tested after sunset chose headings towards the south, significantly different from tests at sunset, showing oriented Zugunruhe in visually cueless situations. Lean migrants in funnel cages displayed relatively more activity than migrants with larger fat stores, but they also showed more scattered directional choices. A bird's energetic state did seem to affect the likelihood of undertaking night migration. Test birds with relatively small fat reserves at release were more likely to perform landing flights than birds with larger fat deposits. Although nocturnal passerine migrants generally show well-oriented responses only shortly after sunset, both cage and release experiments 1-2 h after sunset indicate that timing may not be critical for the initial orientation of Song Thrushes. However, cage tests performed before sunset resulted in more unclear responses by the test birds than tests performed after sunset.
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50

Peskov, V. N., M. V. Franchuk, and N. S. Atamas. "Morphological Differentiation in Nestlings Turdus philomelos (Passeriformes, Turdidae) and Staging in their Development during the Nesting Period of Postembryogenesis." Vestnik Zoologii 52, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vzoo-2018-0044.

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Abstract The work demonstrates the clear presence of ageing aspects in the postembryonic development of the song thrush in regard to its linear dimensions and body proportions. It is proposed to distinguish the stages of early nesting, mid-nesting and late nesting. At each stage, the mostly developed body parts and organs are those which are needed for the growing organism to provide its best functionality at the current period of its postembryonic development.
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