Journal articles: 'Turbulent environments'

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Reddy, Gautam, Antonio Celani, Terrence J. Sejnowski, and Massimo Vergassola. "Learning to soar in turbulent environments." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 33 (August 1, 2016): E4877—E4884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1606075113.

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Birds and gliders exploit warm, rising atmospheric currents (thermals) to reach heights comparable to low-lying clouds with a reduced expenditure of energy. This strategy of flight (thermal soaring) is frequently used by migratory birds. Soaring provides a remarkable instance of complex decision making in biology and requires a long-term strategy to effectively use the ascending thermals. Furthermore, the problem is technologically relevant to extend the flying range of autonomous gliders. Thermal soaring is commonly observed in the atmospheric convective boundary layer on warm, sunny days. The formation of thermals unavoidably generates strong turbulent fluctuations, which constitute an essential element of soaring. Here, we approach soaring flight as a problem of learning to navigate complex, highly fluctuating turbulent environments. We simulate the atmospheric boundary layer by numerical models of turbulent convective flow and combine them with model-free, experience-based, reinforcement learning algorithms to train the gliders. For the learned policies in the regimes of moderate and strong turbulence levels, the glider adopts an increasingly conservative policy as turbulence levels increase, quantifying the degree of risk affordable in turbulent environments. Reinforcement learning uncovers those sensorimotor cues that permit effective control over soaring in turbulent environments.

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SCHWEITZER, FIONA M., OLIVER GASSMANN, and KURT GAUBINGER. "OPEN INNOVATION AND ITS EFFECTIVENESS TO EMBRACE TURBULENT ENVIRONMENTS." International Journal of Innovation Management 15, no. 06 (December 2011): 1191–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919611003702.

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The paper focuses on the challenges of integrating external sources in the innovation process and investigates the role of environmental turbulence in this context. Building on the resources-based view and the dynamic capabilities perspective the authors propose that open innovation strategies assist companies in navigating through turbulent times. Empirical testing of this assumption in a sample of 101 manufacturing firms indicates that open innovation activities are more important in turbulent than in non-turbulent markets and that supplier integration is vital when technological turbulence is high, whilst customer integration is critical in environments characterized by high market turbulence. From a practical point of view, these findings highlight the importance of stakeholder integration in the innovation process and provide details on the successful implementation of this strategy under different environmental settings.

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Vohra, Veena. "Organizational environments and adaptive response mechanisms in India." Journal of Indian Business Research 7, no. 1 (March 16, 2015): 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jibr-01-2014-0001.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the nature of the organizational environments of Indian business organizations and to identify the adaptive response mechanisms that organizations use to cope with their environments. This paper also examines in detail the causal texture of the organizational environments and attempts to build a conceptual model mapping adaptive responses of organizations to different types of organizational environments. Design/methodology/approach – A constructivist stance was adopted in this exploratory study to capture the perceptions of the organizational leaders through the multiple case study design to capture the features of the organizational environments and their causal texture. The multiple case study design used an embedded mixed-methods approach to collect data. Within-case analysis and cross-case analysis were conducted to draw out prominent themes across cases ordered for particular organizational environment types. The study was conducted by following construct validity, internal reliability and external validity guidelines. Findings – The study highlights and describes in detail the characteristics of the different organizational environment types in India. It is revealed that a majority of Indian organizations exist in turbulent environments. There are differences in the adaptive response mechanisms of organizations in the environment types studied. The study specially focuses on the strategies adopted by Indian organizations to adapt to turbulent environments. Practical implications – This study maps the causal texture of organizational environments in India and maps the organizational adaptive responses to the environment for greater effectiveness. This study offers various strategies to cope with turbulent organizational environments and adds to the research focus on causal texture and adaptive capacities of organizations across different types of environments. Originality/value – This study contributes to an ignored subject area of organizational environments. Managing organizations in uncertain and turbulent environments is complex, and this study provides an understanding about the various types of adaptive mechanism that are used to cope with environmental turbulence. This study also attempts to answer several questions that previous research works have raised about strategies that organizations use when they fail to cope with environmental turbulence.

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Tan, Justin. "Venturing in Turbulent Environments." Journal of Management Inquiry 10, no. 1 (March 2001): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056492601101011.

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Perrott, Bruce E. "Managing Strategy in Turbulent Environments." Journal of General Management 33, no. 3 (March 2008): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030630700803300302.

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PACHECO-DE-ALMEIDA, GONÇALO. "TIME COMPRESSION IN TURBULENT ENVIRONMENTS." Academy of Management Proceedings 2009, no. 1 (August 2009): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2009.44268777.

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Daniel, Elizabeth, and Hugh N. Wilson. "Action research in turbulent environments." European Journal of Marketing 38, no. 3/4 (March 2004): 355–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03090560410518594.

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Waterhouse, Michael F. "Managing effectively in turbulent environments." Strategic Change 1, no. 3 (May 1992): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsc.4240010303.

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de Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M., R. Santos-Lima, G. Kowal, and D. Falceta-Gonçalves. "Turbulence and dynamo interlinks." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S294 (August 2012): 337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392131300272x.

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AbstractThe role of turbulence in astrophysical environments and its interplay with magnetic fields is still highly debated. In this lecture, we will discuss this issue in the framework of dynamo processes. We will first present a very brief summary of turbulent dynamo theories, then will focus on small scale turbulent dynamos and their particular relevance on the origin and maintenance of magnetic fields in the intra-cluster media (ICM) of galaxies. In these environments, the very low density of the flow requires a collisionless-MHD treatment. We will show the implications of this approach in the turbulent amplification of the magnetic fields in these environments. To finalize, we will also briefly address the connection between MHD turbulence and fast magnetic reconnection and its possible implications in the diffusion of magnetic flux in the dynamo process.

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Fornari, Walter, Francesco Picano, and Luca Brandt. "Sedimentation of finite-size spheres in quiescent and turbulent environments." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 788 (January 12, 2016): 640–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.698.

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Sedimentation of a dispersed solid phase is widely encountered in applications and environmental flows, yet little is known about the behaviour of finite-size particles in homogeneous isotropic turbulence. To fill this gap, we perform direct numerical simulations of sedimentation in quiescent and turbulent environments using an immersed boundary method to account for the dispersed rigid spherical particles. The solid volume fractions considered are ${\it\phi}=0.5{-}1\,\%$, while the solid to fluid density ratio ${\it\rho}_{p}/{\it\rho}_{f}=1.02$. The particle radius is chosen to be approximately six Kolmogorov length scales. The results show that the mean settling velocity is lower in an already turbulent flow than in a quiescent fluid. The reductions with respect to a single particle in quiescent fluid are approximately 12 % and 14 % for the two volume fractions investigated. The probability density function of the particle velocity is almost Gaussian in a turbulent flow, whereas it displays large positive tails in quiescent fluid. These tails are associated with the intermittent fast sedimentation of particle pairs in drafting–kissing–tumbling motions. The particle lateral dispersion is higher in a turbulent flow, whereas the vertical one is, surprisingly, of comparable magnitude as a consequence of the highly intermittent behaviour observed in the quiescent fluid. Using the concept of mean relative velocity we estimate the mean drag coefficient from empirical formulae and show that non-stationary effects, related to vortex shedding, explain the increased reduction in mean settling velocity in a turbulent environment.

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Hong, J., J. Kim, H. Ishikawa, and Y. Ma. "Surface layer similarity in the nocturnal boundary layer: the application of Hilbert-Huang transform." Biogeosciences 7, no. 4 (April 19, 2010): 1271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1271-2010.

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Abstract. Turbulence statistics such as flux-variance relationship are critical information in measuring and modeling ecosystem exchanges of carbon, water, energy, and momentum at the biosphere-atmosphere interface. Using a recently proposed mathematical technique, the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT), this study highlights its possibility to quantify impacts of non-turbulent flows on turbulence statistics in the stable surface layer. The HHT is suitable for the analysis of non-stationary and intermittent data and thus very useful for better understanding the interplay of the surface layer similarity with complex nocturnal environment. Our analysis showed that the HHT can successfully sift non-turbulent components and be used as a tool to estimate the relationships between turbulence statistics and atmospheric stability in complex environments such as nocturnal stable boundary layer.

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Lazarian, A., G. Eyink, E. Vishniac, and G. Kowal. "Turbulent reconnection and its implications." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 373, no. 2041 (May 13, 2015): 20140144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0144.

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Magnetic reconnection is a process of magnetic field topology change, which is one of the most fundamental processes happening in magnetized plasmas. In most astrophysical environments, the Reynolds numbers corresponding to plasma flows are large and therefore the transition to turbulence is inevitable. This turbulence, which can be pre-existing or driven by magnetic reconnection itself, must be taken into account for any theory of magnetic reconnection that attempts to describe the process in the aforementioned environments. This necessity is obvious as three-dimensional high-resolution numerical simulations show the transition to the turbulence state of initially laminar reconnecting magnetic fields. We discuss ideas of how turbulence can modify reconnection with the focus on the Lazarian & Vishniac (Lazarian & Vishniac 1999 Astrophys. J. 517, 700–718 ()) reconnection model. We present numerical evidence supporting the model and demonstrate that it is closely connected to the experimentally proven concept of Richardson dispersion/diffusion as well as to more recent advances in understanding of the Lagrangian dynamics of magnetized fluids. We point out that the generalized Ohm's law that accounts for turbulent motion predicts the subdominance of the microphysical plasma effects for reconnection for realistically turbulent media. We show that one of the most dramatic consequences of turbulence is the violation of the generally accepted notion of magnetic flux freezing. This notion is a cornerstone of most theories dealing with magnetized plasmas, and therefore its change induces fundamental shifts in accepted paradigms, for instance, turbulent reconnection entails reconnection diffusion process that is essential for understanding star formation. We argue that at sufficiently high Reynolds numbers the process of tearing reconnection should transfer to turbulent reconnection. We discuss flares that are predicted by turbulent reconnection and relate this process to solar flares and γ-ray bursts. With reference to experiments, we analyse solar observations in situ as measurements in the solar wind or heliospheric current sheet and show the correspondence of data with turbulent reconnection predictions. Finally, we discuss first-order Fermi acceleration of particles that is a natural consequence of the turbulent reconnection.

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Pitchford, JW, A. James, and J. Brindley. "Optimal foraging in patchy turbulent environments." Marine Ecology Progress Series 256 (2003): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps256099.

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Cunningham, Andrew J., Adam Frank, Jonathan Carroll, Eric G. Blackman, and Alice C. Quillen. "PROTOSTELLAR OUTFLOW EVOLUTION IN TURBULENT ENVIRONMENTS." Astrophysical Journal 692, no. 1 (February 10, 2009): 816–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/692/1/816.

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Serrao, E. A., G. Pearson, L. Kautsky, and S. H. Brawley. "Successful external fertilization in turbulent environments." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 93, no. 11 (May 28, 1996): 5286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.11.5286.

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TRAN, YEN. "AMBIDEXTROUS PROCESS DESIGN IN TURBULENT ENVIRONMENTS." Academy of Management Proceedings 2009, no. 1 (August 2009): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2009.44268386.

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Kristensen, Leif. "Cup Anemometer Behavior in Turbulent Environments." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 15, no. 1 (February 1998): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(1998)015<0005:cabite>2.0.co;2.

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Lapenta, G., and A. Lazarian. "Achieving fast reconnection in resistive MHD models via turbulent means." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 19, no. 2 (April 3, 2012): 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-19-251-2012.

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Abstract. Astrophysical fluids are generally turbulent and this preexisting turbulence must be taken into account for models of magnetic reconnection in astrophysical, solar or heliospheric environments. In addition, reconnection itself induces turbulence which provides an important feedback on the reconnection process. In this paper we discuss both the theoretical model and numerical evidence that magnetic reconnection becomes fast in the approximation of resistive MHD. We consider the relation between the Lazarian and Vishniac turbulent reconnection theory and Lapenta's numerical experiments testifying of the spontaneous onset of turbulent reconnection in systems which are initially laminar.

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Balduzzi, Francesco, Marco Zini, Andreu Carbó Molina, Gianni Bartoli, Tim De Troyer, Mark C. Runacres, Giovanni Ferrara, and Alessandro Bianchini. "Understanding the Aerodynamic Behavior and Energy Conversion Capability of Small Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbines in Turbulent Flows." Energies 13, no. 11 (June 8, 2020): 2936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112936.

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Small Darrieus vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) have recently been proposed as a possible solution for adoption in the built environment as their performance degrades less in complex and highly-turbulent flows. Some recent analyses have even shown an increase of the power coefficient for the large turbulence intensities and length scales typical of such environments. Starting from these insights, this study presents a combined numerical and experimental analysis aimed at assessing the physical phenomena that take place during the operation of a Darrieus VAWT in turbulent flows. Wind tunnel experiments provided a quantification of the performance variation of a two-blade VAWT rotor for different levels of turbulence intensity and length scale. Furthermore, detailed experiments on an individual airfoil provided an estimation of the aerodynamics at high turbulence levels and low Reynolds numbers. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were used to extend the experimental results and to quantify the variation in the energy content of turbulent wind. Finally, the numerical and experimental inputs were synthetized into an engineering simulation tool, which can nicely predict the performance of a VAWT rotor under turbulent conditions.

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Mason, Roger B. "Price Tactics For A Turbulent Environment: A Complexity Theory View." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 14, no. 1 (December 23, 2014): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v14i1.9036.

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This paper proposes that pricing tactics are influenced by the nature of the external environment. It illustrates the pricing tactics suggested for a turbulent, versus a stable, environment, when viewed through a complexity theory lens. A qualitative, case method, using depth interviews, investigated the pricing tactics in four firms to identify the tactics adopted in more successful, versus less successful, firms in turbulent versus stable environments. The results partially confirmed that the use of destabilizing pricing tactics can be helpful in a turbulent market, while stabilizing tactics can be helpful in a stable market. However, the effect of such tactics on business performance was not clear. These findings will benefit marketers by emphasizing a new way to consider future pricing activities. How this approach can assist marketers, and suggestions for further research, are provided. Since businesses and markets are complex adaptive systems, using complexity theory to understand how to cope in turbulent environments is necessary but has not been widely researched. Therefore, this paper can be seen as a foundation for research using complexity theory to better understand pricing tactics in turbulent environments.

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Glazer, Rashi, and Allen M. Weiss. "Marketing in Turbulent Environments: Decision Processes and the Time-Sensitivity of Information." Journal of Marketing Research 30, no. 4 (November 1993): 509–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224379303000409.

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The authors study the relationship among information processing, marketing decisions, and performance in turbulent markets—i.e., markets in which the time-sensitivity of information is a major factor in decision making. Drawing on both organizational contingency theory and individual behavioral decision research, the authors suggest that successful performance depends on the congruence between the level of marketplace turbulence and the information-processing style and associated decisions adopted. They focus by way of example on the decision processes embodied in formal planning procedures. Using the results from an experiment conducted with a strategic marketing simulation game, they show that “planning” leads both to an underweighting of the time-sensitivity of marketplace information and toward a bias in favor of certain marketing decisions over others—decisions that, in this case, result in inferior performance in turbulent markets when compared with that of decision makers not engaged in formal planning. They discuss the implications of the findings for managerial behavior in turbulent markets.

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Mclarney, Carolan. "Strategic Planning Processes in Chaotic Environments: How to Calm a Turbulent Sea?" Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 28, no. 1 (January 2003): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920030103.

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This study explored the linkages between environmental turbulence, strategic planning, and process effectiveness. Going beyond the traditional literature on the planning process, the present research included both an examination of the planning process itself and the external environment in which the organization of interest exists. The objective of this research was to examine the multi-dimensional treatments of environmental turbulence, strategic planning processes, and process effectiveness. It proposed to explore the planning-process effectiveness construct across two industries. By adding the aspect of environmental turbulence into the equation, the multi-dimensional treatments of planning and process effectiveness were broadened. This study examined the linkage between the external environment, the strategic planning process, and effectiveness of the process. It addressed two research questions: What components and contextual elements of the planning process are critical for that process to be effective? Are these components and contextual elements of the planning process different in various levels of environmental turbulence? The research model demonstrated that in different levels of environmental turbulence, the components and contextual elements of the strategic planning process would be stressed differently. Specifically, in more turbulent environments, the organization's strategic planning process would devote more resources to the planning function, be less resistant to planning, pay more attention to external and internal facets, employ more planning techniques, and encourage greater functional coverage and integration. All these were relative to another organization's planning process that was operating in a less turbulent environment. One of the aims of this research study was to develop concrete recommendations to the automotive and beverage industries. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that: The strategic planning managers in the beverage industry pay special attention to ensure that there is sufficient functional coverage in their strategic planning process. Sufficient resources be made available to the planning function. Also, the level of resistance to planning be monitored by which resistance should be an on-going process throughout the strategic planning process and in every functional area of the firm. The other aim of this research study was to explore the "black box" of strategic planning. The findings revealed that: Functional coverage was the key component in the process and that the adequate supply of resources to the planning function was the most critical contextual element for the effectiveness of the planning process. Organizations with highly turbulent environments tended to need more resources placed against the planning function and required extensive attention to the external facets of planning for their strategic planning process to be effective. At the same time, firms in lower turbulence industries such as paints and coatings, railroads, and forge casting could look to the beverage industry for a concrete action plan to improve the effectiveness of their planning processes.

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Vecchiato, Riccardo. "Strategic planning and organizational flexibility in turbulent environments." Foresight 17, no. 3 (June 8, 2015): 257–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/fs-05-2014-0032.

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Purpose – The main purpose of this paper is to address a key issue in literature on management and foresight: the author explores how firms might cope with the increased turbulence of the business environment. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is based on a multiple case study of major firms of the energy and the mobile communication industries. Findings – The focus is on strategic foresight and organizational flexibility: the author introduces the concept of “boundary uncertainty” and investigates its managerial implications. Originality/value – The main contribution of this paper is to expand our understanding of environmental uncertainty and to reinvigorate the study of strategic decision making in turbulent industries. The author provides descriptive data on the foresight approaches that some of the world’s largest and most influential companies used throughout the 2000s for remaining aligned with their fast-paced environments, and thus informs the debate between the “planning” and the “learning” schools of strategic management.

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Heilman, Warren E., Xindi Bian, Kenneth L. Clark, and Shiyuan Zhong. "Observations of Turbulent Heat and Momentum Fluxes during Wildland Fires in Forested Environments." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 58, no. 4 (April 2019): 813–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-18-0199.1.

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AbstractTurbulent fluxes of heat and momentum in the vicinity of wildland fires contribute to the redistribution of heat and momentum in the fire environment, which in turn can affect the heating of fuels, fire behavior, and smoke dispersion. As an extension of previous observational studies of turbulence regimes in the vicinity of wildland fires in forested environments, this study examines the effects of spreading surface fires and forest overstory vegetation on turbulent heat and momentum fluxes from near the surface to near the top of the overstory vegetation. Profiles of high-frequency (10 Hz) wind velocity and temperature measurements during two prescribed fire experiments are used to assess the relative contributions of horizontal and vertical turbulent fluxes of heat and momentum to the total heat and momentum flux fields. The frequency-dependent temporal variability of the turbulent heat and momentum fluxes before, during, and after fire-front passage is also examined using cospectral analyses. The study results highlight the effects that surface wildland fires and forest overstory vegetation collectively can have on the temporal and vertical variability of turbulent heat and momentum fluxes in the vicinity of the fires and the substantial departures of heat and momentum cospectra from typical atmospheric surface-layer cospectra that can occur before, during, and after fire-front passage.

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Izmailova, M. A. "Problems of organization’s adaptation under turbulent environments." Economy in the industry, no. 4 (January 1, 2015): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/2072-1633-2015-4-4-11.

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Mason, Roger B. "Complexity Theory and Leadership for Turbulent Environments." Journal of Social Sciences 36, no. 3 (September 2013): 295–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2013.11893196.

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Ching, C. Y., H. J. S. Fernando, and A. Robles. "Breakdown of line plumes in turbulent environments." Journal of Geophysical Research 100, no. C3 (1995): 4707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94jc02701.

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Jungbae Roh, James. "Building Network Capabilities in Turbulent Competitive Environments." Management Decision 51, no. 4 (April 26, 2013): 913–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251741311326644.

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Liu, Yang. "Sustainable competitive advantage in turbulent business environments." International Journal of Production Research 51, no. 10 (May 2013): 2821–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2012.720392.

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Ungureanu, Paula, Fabiola Bertolotti, and Diego Macri. "Brokers or platforms? A longitudinal study of how hybrid interorganizational partnerships for regional innovation deal with VUCA environments." European Journal of Innovation Management 21, no. 4 (October 8, 2018): 636–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejim-01-2018-0015.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role played by turbulent environments in the evolution of hybrid (i.e. multi-party, cross-sector) partnerships for regional innovation. Although extant research suggests that organizations decide to participate in such partnerships to cope with their turbulent environments, little is known about how actual perceptions of turbulent environments influence the setup and evolution of a partnership. Design/methodology/approach The qualitative study adopts a longitudinal design to investigate the evolution of a cross-sector regional innovation partnership between ten very different organizations. With the help of the VUCA (volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity) model proposed by Bennett and Lemoine (2014a), the authors study the relation between partners’ initial perceptions of environmental turbulence and the models adopted for the partnership throughout its lifecycle (emergent, brokering and platform). Findings The authors show that partners’ intentions to solve perceived environmental turbulence through collaboration can have the unexpected consequence of triggering perceived turbulence inside the collaboration itself. Specifically, the authors show that perceived partnership VUCA at each stage is a result of partners’ attempts to cope with the perceived VUCA in the previous stage. Practical implications The study highlights a set of common traps that both public and private organizations engaged in hybrid partnerships might fall into precisely as they try to lower VUCA threats in their environments. Originality/value The work accounts for the relationship between external and internal perceptions of VUCA in hybrid partnerships for regional innovation, and, in particular, provides a better understanding of what happens when organizations choose to enter hybrid partnerships in order to deal with perceived threats in their environments.

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Pécseli, Hans L., Jan K. Trulsen, Jan Erik Stiansen, and Svein Sundby. "Feeding of Plankton in a Turbulent Environment: A Comparison of Analytical and Observational Results Covering Also Strong Turbulence." Fluids 5, no. 1 (March 19, 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids5010037.

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The present studies address feeding of plankton in turbulent environments, discussed by a comparison of analytical results and field data. Various models for predator-prey encounters and capture probabilities are reviewed. Generalized forms for encounter rates and capture probabilities in turbulent environments are proposed. The analysis emphasizes ambush predators, exemplified by cod larvae Gadus morhua L. in the start-feeding phase (stage 7 larvae) collected in shallow waters near Lofoten, Norway. During this campaign, data were obtained at four sites with strongly turbulent conditions induced by tidal currents and long-wave swells, and one site where the turbulence had a lower level in comparison. The guts of the selected cod larvae were examined in order to determine the number of nauplii ingested. Analytically obtained probability densities for the gut content were compared with observations and the results used for estimating the rate of capture of the nauplii. This capture rate was then compared with analytical results using also data for the surroundings, such as measured prey densities and turbulence conditions, as quantified by the specific energy dissipation rate. Different from earlier studies, the presented data include conditions where the turbulence exceeds the level for optimal larval encounter-capture rates.

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Wolf, Martin, Roman Beck, and Immanuel Pahlke. "Mindfully Resisting the Bandwagon: Reconceptualising IT Innovation Assimilation in Highly Turbulent Environments." Journal of Information Technology 27, no. 3 (September 2012): 213–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jit.2012.13.

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Environmental turbulence (ET), as exemplified by the recent financial crisis between 2007 and 2009, leads to a high degree of uncertainty, and fosters mimicry and resulting bandwagon phenomena in information technology (IT) innovation assimilation processes. In these highly turbulent environments, ‘mindless’ IT innovation assimilation by participating organizations plays a major role in the manifestation and facilitation of mimetic influences. Even in less turbulent economic cycles, highly turbulent industries such as the financial services industry have to deal with demanding IT innovation assimilation processes, and are exposed to varying levels of ET and mimicry. Drawing upon the theory of dynamic capabilities, organizational mindfulness (OM) is one viable means to mitigate the potentially negative consequences of mimetic behaviour. Here, mindful organizations are more successful in overcoming situations of high dynamism, and sometimes are even able to exploit them. So far, little empirical research has been conducted to quantify the influence of OM in scenarios of high dynamism and mimicry. On the basis of 302 complete responses from senior IT managers in the financial services industry from the Anglo-Saxon countries (the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom), this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the interaction of OM with institutional pressures against the background of ET.

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Rivera-Rodríguez, Hugo-Alberto, Teresa Garcia-Merino, and Valle Santos-Alvarez. "How to Thrive in Turbulent Business Environments: Case Colombia’s Mobile Telephony Industry." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 8, no. 3 (May 24, 2017): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2017.v8n3p133.

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Abstract Coevolution originated as a biological concept has traditionally been associated with the biological sciences to describe those cases of mutual evolutionary influence involving two (or more) species. This concept is fairly new in the study of organizations as it was introduced only two decades ago, specifically refers to a process involving successive changes between businesses and the environment. More recentrly, researchers began to employ the coevolution as an alternative to overcome the business turbulence with great success that would otherwise put its existence at risk. This article delimits the organizational coevolution concept making a direct association with business turbulence. It is being presented in the form of a multiple-case study of the mobile telephony industry in Colombia with a qualitative methodology. As part of the information-gathering process, approximately 300 public and private documents were consulted and 50 interviews with key stakeholders of the industry were conducted. Content analysis is the main data analysis technique, and the ATLAS/ti is used for processing. Thus, the final results show that when a sector faces turbulence, businesses can efficiently manage this phenomenon if they undertake a structural coupling process between the turbulent environment and strategic behaviour.

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Michalec, François-Gaël, Sami Souissi, and Markus Holzner. "Turbulence triggers vigorous swimming but hinders motion strategy in planktonic copepods." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, no. 106 (May 2015): 20150158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2015.0158.

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Calanoid copepods represent a major component of the plankton community. These small animals reside in constantly flowing environments. Given the fundamental role of behaviour in their ecology, it is especially relevant to know how copepods perform in turbulent flows. By means of three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry, we reconstructed the trajectories of hundreds of adult Eurytemora affinis swimming freely under realistic intensities of homogeneous turbulence. We demonstrate that swimming contributes substantially to the dynamics of copepods even when turbulence is significant. We show that the contribution of behaviour to the overall dynamics gradually reduces with turbulence intensity but regains significance at moderate intensity, allowing copepods to maintain a certain velocity relative to the flow. These results suggest that E. affinis has evolved an adaptive behavioural mechanism to retain swimming efficiency in turbulent flows. They suggest the ability of some copepods to respond to the hydrodynamic features of the surrounding flow. Such ability may improve survival and mating performance in complex and dynamic environments. However, moderate levels of turbulence cancelled gender-specific differences in the degree of space occupation and innate movement strategies. Our results suggest that the broadly accepted mate-searching strategies based on trajectory complexity and movement patterns are inefficient in energetic environments.

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WITHAM, FRED, and JEREMY C. PHILLIPS. "The dynamics and mixing of turbulent plumes in a turbulently convecting environment." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 602 (April 25, 2008): 39–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112008000682.

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The turbulent motion of buoyant plumes released into turbulently convecting environments is studied. By assuming that the turbulent environment removes fluid from the plume at a rate proportional to a characteristic environmental velocity scale, we derive a model describing the fluid behaviour. For the example of pure buoyancy plumes, entrainment dominates near the source and the plume radius increases with distance, while further from the source removal, or extrainment, of plume material dominates, and the plume radius decreases to zero. Theoretical predictions are consistent with laboratory experiments, a major feature of which is the natural variability of the convection. We extend the study to include the evolution of a finite confined environment, the end-member regimes of which are a well-mixed environment at all times (high convective velocities), and a ‘filling-box’ model similar to that of Baines & Turner (1969) (low convective velocities). These regimes, and the motion of the interface in a ‘filling-box’ experiment, match experimental observations. We find that the convecting filling box is not stable indefinitely, but that the density stratification will eventually be overcome by thermal convection. The model presented here has important applications in volcanology, ventilation studies and environmental science.

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HWANG, CHANGHA, and DUG HUN HONG. "ANALYZING THE NONLINEAR TIME SERIES OF TURBULENT FLOWS WITH KERNEL INTERVAL REGRESSION MACHINE." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 13, no. 04 (August 2005): 365–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488505003527.

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The turbulent flow consists of coherent time- and space-organized vortical structures with a particular formation and instability cycle. Research has already shown that some dynamic systems and experimental models still cannot provide a good nonlinear analysis of turbulent time series because in the real turbulent flow there exist very complicated nonlinear behaviors affected by many vague factors. An approach of fuzzy piecewise regression analysis has been proposed to predict the nonlinear time series of turbulent flows. In this paper, we propose kernel interval regression machine for nonlinear time series analysis of turbulent flows. The proposed method applies the kernel trick to interval regression analysis in terms of the inner products of input vectors. In order to indicate the performance of this method, we present an example of predicting the near-wall turbulence time series as a verifiable model. Furthermore, we compare this method with fuzzy piecewise regression model. Experimental results show that the proposed method is very attractive for the turbulence time series in nonlinear analysis and in fuzzy environments.

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Kohli, Atul, and David G. Bogard. "Turbulent Transport in Film Cooling Flows." Journal of Heat Transfer 127, no. 5 (May 1, 2005): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1865221.

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This experimental study was performed on a single row of round holes with a 35° surface angle, representing film cooling geometry commonly used in turbine engines. Simultaneous velocity and temperature measurements were made using a cold-wire in conjunction with a LDV. The experimentally determined cross correlations provide a direct indication of the extent of turbulent transport of heat and momentum in the flow, which in turn governs dispersion of the film cooling jet. Actual engine environments have elevated mainstream turbulence levels that can severely reduce the cooling capability of film cooling jets. Clearly, the turbulent transport for very high mainstream turbulence is expected to be markedly different than that with low mainstream turbulence, and would improve our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the dispersion of film cooling jets. Experimental cross-correlation data was obtained for two vastly different freestream turbulence levels (0.6% and 20%) in this study. For this purpose, eddy diffusivities for momentum and heat transport were estimated from the measured data. These results will help develop new turbulence models and also explain why gradient diffusion based models do not give good predictions relative to experimental results.

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YOKOJIMA, Satoshi, Shohei YASUDA, and Takashi MIYAHARA. "MODELING OF PLANKTONIC CAPTURE RATES IN TURBULENT ENVIRONMENTS." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. A2 (Applied Mechanics (AM)) 71, no. 2 (2015): I_713—I_718. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejam.71.i_713.

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Jones, Nory B., and John F. Mahon. "Nimble knowledge transfer in high velocity/turbulent environments." Journal of Knowledge Management 16, no. 5 (September 7, 2012): 774–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13673271211262808.

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Dornenburg, Noreen. "Is Ethics a Liability in Turbulent Competitive Environments?" Business Ethics Quarterly 6, no. 2 (April 1996): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857626.

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Shinkle, George A., Mirjam Goudsmit, Aldas Pranas Kriauciunas, and Greg S. Hundley. "Strategy in Turbulent Environments: Investigating Transition Economy Contexts." Academy of Management Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (January 2014): 11453. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2014.11453abstract.

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Mason, Roger B., and Gavin Staude. "An exploration of marketing tactics for turbulent environments." Industrial Management & Data Systems 109, no. 2 (March 13, 2009): 173–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02635570910930082.

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Magnotti, Gaetano, Andrew D. Cutler, and Paul M. Danehy. "Beam shaping for CARS measurements in turbulent environments." Applied Optics 51, no. 20 (July 9, 2012): 4730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.51.004730.

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Coltman, Tim R., Timothy M. Devinney, and David F. Midgley. "The value of managerial beliefs in turbulent environments." Journal of Strategy and Management 1, no. 2 (November 21, 2008): 181–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17554250810926366.

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MASON, ROGER B. "COPING WITH COMPLEXITY AND TURBULENCE - AN ENTREPRENEURIAL SOLUTION." Journal of Enterprising Culture 14, no. 04 (December 2006): 241–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495806000155.

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This paper considers the adoption of an entrepreneurial orientation as a paradigm for companies operating in a complex and turbulent environment, viewing the environment as a complex and turbulent system in terms of chaos theory. Approaches suggested by chaos theory are compared with the entrepreneurial orientation to identify if such an orientation matches these suggested approaches. Literature on chaos theory and entrepreneurship is compared, and a short case is presented, providing an illustration of how a company operating successfully in a complex and turbulent environment has used the principles of an entrepreneurial orientation. The paper identifies considerable similarity between the management approaches suggested by chaos theory and the principles of the entrepreneurial orientation, indicating that chaos theory may provide the theoretical underpinning of the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and turbulent environments. The case also shows how an entrepreneurial orientation has been successfully used in a complex and turbulent environment. The conclusion is that companies operating in a complex and turbulent environment could benefit from adopting an entrepreneurial orientation.

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Rincón-Díaz, Carlos A., and José Albors-Garrigós. "Sustaining strategies in RTOs. A contingent model for understanding RTOs’ perfomance." Dirección y Organización, no. 50 (July 1, 2013): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37610/dyo.v0i50.433.

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The objectives of this paper are to propose a contingent model linking context, organizational and performance variables, and to identify barriers that Research and Technology Organisations have to overcome to work with companies. Fur thermore, there is discussion of the best practices that Research and Technology Organisations carry out in order to develop competitive advantages and adjust to turbulent environments. This research was based on a field study of 14 Research and Technology Organisations in the Valencian Community and 13 Research and Technology Organisations in the Basque Country. The study identifies certain factors which could improve their performance to address properly changes in their environment and become more competitive.Keywords: research and technology organisations (RTOs), innovation strategies, turbulent environment, RTO challenges.Estrategias de sostenimiento de los Centros Tecnológicos. Un modelo contingente para entender su desempeñoResumen: Los objetivos de este trabajo son proponer un modelo contingente que relaciona variables de contexto, organizacionales y de resultado, e identificar las barreras que los Centros Tecnológicos encuentran para trabajar con empresas y las buenas prácticas llevan a cabo para desarrollar ventajas competitivas y adaptarse en entornos turbulentos. Esta investigación se baso en un estudio de catorce Centros tecnológicos de la Comunidad Valenciana y trece Centros Tecnológicos del País Vasco. El estudio propone algunos factores a mejorar para que los Centros Tecnológicos afronten adecuadamente los cambios en su entorno y sean más competitivos.Palabras clave: centros tecnológicos (CT), estrategias de innovación, entorno turbulento, retos de los centros tecnológicos.

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Domingos, Mariana G., and Silvana S. S. Cardoso. "Turbulent thermals with chemical reaction." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 784 (October 28, 2015): 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.583.

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This study investigates the behaviour of a turbulent thermal undergoing a second-order chemical reaction with the fluid entrained from the environment. Environments with uniform and stratified density are considered. We show that the dynamics of such a reactive thermal is fully determined by three dimensionless groups, $N/E$, $G/R$ and $R/E$, where $N$ is the buoyancy frequency of the environment, $G$ measures the ability of the reaction to change buoyancy, $R$ reflects the rate of consumption of the chemical species and $E$ is the rate of entrainment of reactive species from the environment. Exact analytical solutions are found for the limiting cases of slow and instantaneous chemical reaction. The effect of each governing group on the time for neutral buoyancy and depletion of the source chemical is assessed numerically. Our theoretical predictions compare well with new experimental results for the limits of a moderately slow chemical reaction and an instantaneous reaction. It is shown that fast reactions, with $R/E\gg 1$, occur only in a fraction of the total volume of the thermal due to incomplete mixing. Finally, our model is applied to study the dynamics of a radioactive cloud formed after a nuclear accident.

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Slavec Gomezel, Alenka, and Darija Aleksić. "THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TECHNOLOGICAL TURBULENCE, FLOW EXPERIENCE, INNOVATION PERFORMANCE AND SMALL FIRM GROWTH." Journal of Business Economics and Management 21, no. 3 (April 24, 2020): 760–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2020.12280.

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The main objective of the paper is to address the question of how to foster innovation and small firm growth under different levels of technological turbulence. Specifically, the paper examines the relationship among risk-taking, arising from different levels of technological turbulence, flow experience, innovation and small firm growth (i.e. market share and ROI growth). The underlying premise of our research is that there are substantial differences in low and high technological environments in terms of the relationships of risk taking, flow at work, innovation and small firm growth. Based on a survey among 188 entrepreneurs, the paper tests the proposed relationships in technological diverse environments with structural equation modelling. The results show that, when the level of technological turbulence is high, flow experience is significantly related to innovation and small firm growth, while in low-technological turbulence environment such relationships are not present. The study contributes to the entrepreneurial literature by demonstrating that in highly turbulent environments, flow experience may promote entrepreneurs’ innovation and the efficiency of small firm performance. The study also provides new empirical insights about the relationship between entrepreneurs’ behaviour, which is influenced by environmental conditions, on the one hand and innovation and small firm growth on the other hand.

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Tempelmayr, David, Doris Ehrlinger, Christian Stadlmann, Margarethe Überwimmer, Stefan Mang, and Anna Biedersberger. "The Performance Effect of Dynamic Capabilities in Servitizing Companies." JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS RESEARCH AND MARKETING 4, no. 6 (2019): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.46.3005.

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As an increasing number of companies operates in international markets characterized by global competition, many traditional manufacturers augment their product offerings with services to gain competitive advantage. As servitization needs change throughout the company, many companies struggle on the transition from a product – to a service centric business model. The dynamic capabilities view analyses capabilities in changing environments and could therefore be an interesting theoretical lens for servitization research. Building on existing case research of dynamic capabilities in a servitization context, we analyze the impact of dynamic capabilities and especially of sensing, seizing and reconfiguration capabilities on firm performance in a servitization context. Additionally, we analyze the moderating role of environmental turbulence. The results, which are based on 206 manufacturing companies, show that dynamic capabilities are an essential factor for the performance of a firm in the context of servitization. We find a significant impact of sensing and reconfiguration on firm performance, whereas seizing has no significant impact. We fail to confirm a significant moderating impact of environmental turbulence, which indicates that dynamic capabilities are important in a servitization context indifferent of environmental turbulence. However, we find indication that reconfiguration is more important in relatively stable contexts, whereas sensing is more important in turbulent environments. We contribute to the literature on servitization and dynamic capabilities by creating evidence that dynamic capabilities have an impact on firm performance in a servitization context. This has practical implications as well: Managers in servitizing companies should assess their dynamic capabilities and should especially focus on reconfiguration in relatively stable environments and on sensing on turbulent environments.

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Taheri, Babak, Umit Bititci, Martin Joseph Gannon, and Renzo Cordina. "Investigating the influence of performance measurement on learning, entrepreneurial orientation and performance in turbulent markets." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 31, no. 3 (March 18, 2019): 1224–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-11-2017-0744.

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PurposeThis study aims to examine how comprehensive performance measurement systems (CPMS) influence entrepreneurial orientation, market-focussed learning (MFL) and employees’ perceptions of firm performance within a service-provision context. It also considers the moderating effect of low and high levels of perceived market-turbulence (low-turbulence environments [LMT] vs highly turbulent environments [HMT]) on the relationships between these concepts.Design/methodology/approachPLS-SEM was used to test the hypothesised relationships using survey responses from 198 employees of a leading multi-branch travel agency in Iran.FindingsThe findings demonstrate that CPMS positively influence MFL and, in doing so, have a positive effect on perceptions of firm performance. However, the findings also suggest that CPMS negatively influence entrepreneurial orientation, and therefore can also negatively influence perceptions of firm performance. Further, the relationships between CPMS, entrepreneurial orientation, MFL and firm performance are stronger for HMT when compared to LMT for all relationships.Practical implicationsIndustry managers should adapt their CPMS to include measures specific to intra-organisational entrepreneurship and innovation and should pursue greater understanding of changing customer preferences.Originality/valueThis study highlights the importance of MFL as a means of avoiding the negative impact of underdeveloped market research on performance in the turbulent Iranian context. Contrary to previous literature, it provides an example of how CPMS can negatively influence entrepreneurial orientation in such environments.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Turbulent environments'

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