Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Turbomachines Design and construction'
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Shrinivas, Gorur N. "Three-dimensional design methods for turbomachinery applications." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8ace58b5-e251-491e-9753-ae8b236d6c3b.
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This thesis studies the application of sensitivity analysis and optimization methods to the design of turbomachinery components. Basic design issues and a survey of current design trends are presented. The redesign of outlet guide vanes (OGV's) in an aircraft high bypass turbofan engine is attempted. The redesign is necessitated by the interaction of the pylon induced static pressure field with the OGV's and the fan, leading to reduced OGV efficiency and shortened fan life. The concept of cyclically varying camber is used to redesign the OGV row to achieve suppression of the downstream disturbance in the domain upstream of the OGV row. The redesign is performed using (a) a linear perturbation CFD analysis and (b) a minimisation of the pressure mismatch integral by using a Newton method. In method (a) the sensitivity of the upstream flow field to changes in blade geometry is acquired from the linear perturbation CFD analysis, while in method (b) it is calculated by perturbing the blade geometry and differencing the resulting flow fields. Method (a) leads to a reduction in the pylon induced pressure variation at the fan by more than 70% while method (b) achieves up to 86%. An OGV row with only 3 different blade shapes is designed using the above method and is found to suppress the pressure perturbation by more than 73%. Results from these calculations are presented and discussed. The quasi-Newton design method is also used to redesign a three dimensional OGV row and achieves considerable reduction of upstream pressure variation. A concluding discussion summarises the experiences and suggests possible avenues for further work.
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Klostermeier, Christian. "Investigation into the capability of large eddy simulation for turbomachinery design." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252106.
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Engin, Ertan. "Design, Construction And Performance Evaluation Of A Submersible Pump With Numerical Experimentation." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606532/index.pdf.
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Due to the increasing demand, nonclog type sewage pumps are designed and manufactured in large amounts all over the world. However, a methodology on the design of these special duty pumps is not encountered in the literature. Therefore, the manufacturers tend to develop their own empirical methodologies.
In this thesis, a nonclog pump is designed and constructed on the basis of suitable approaches of known centrifugal pump design methods. In this frame, a nonclog type submersible pump that is capable of handling solids, up to a diameter of 80 mm is aimed to be designed. The designed pump delivers 100 l/s flow rate against a head of 24 m. The rotational speed of the pump is 1000 rpm. Design procedure and the important points that differ nonclog pump design from standard centrifugal pump designs are given.
In addition, hydraulic characteristics of two nonclog pumps, one of which is the pump designed in this study, are investigated by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code.
The designed pump is manufactured and tested in Layne Bowler Pump Company Inc. The test result indicates that design point is reached with a deviation in the limits of the related standard. Wire to water total best efficiency obtained by the test is 60%.
Close agreement between results of actual test and numerical experimentation performed by CFD code shows that CFD analysis is a quite useful tool in predicting the hydraulic characteristics of nonclog pumps.
Moreover, the pump is tested at 750 rpm and the test results are found to be in good agreement with the similitude anaysis results.
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Suhr, Stephen Andrew. "Preliminary Turboshaft Engine Design Methodology for Rotorcraft Applications." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14128.
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In the development of modern rotorcraft vehicles, many unique challenges emerge due to the highly coupled nature of individual rotorcraft design disciplines therefore, the use of an integrated product and process development (IPPD) methodology is necessary to drive the design solution. Through the use of parallel design and analysis, this approach achieves the design synthesis of numerous product and process requirements that is essential in ultimately satisfying the customers demands. Over the past twenty years, Georgia Techs Center for Excellence in Rotorcraft Technology (CERT) has continuously focused on refining this IPPD approach within its rotorcraft design course by using the annual American Helicopter Society (AHS) Student Design Competition as the design requirement catalyst. Despite this extensive experience, however, the documentation of this preliminary rotorcraft design approach has become out of date or insufficient in addressing a modern IPPD methodology.
In no design discipline is this need for updated documentation more prevalent than in propulsion system design, specifically in the area of gas turbine technology. From an academic perspective, the vast majority of current propulsion system design resources are focused on fixed-wing applications with very limited reference to the use of turboshaft engines. Additionally, most rotorcraft design resources are centered on aerodynamic considerations and largely overlook propulsion system integration. This research effort is aimed at bridging this information gap by developing a preliminary turboshaft engine design methodology that is applicable to a wide range of potential rotorcraft propulsion system design problems. The preliminary engine design process begins by defining the design space through analysis of the initial performance and mission requirements dictated in a given request for proposal (RFP). Engine cycle selection is then completed using tools such as GasTurb and the NASA Engine Performance Program (NEPP) to conduct thorough parametric and engine performance analysis. Basic engine component design considerations are highlighted to facilitate configuration trade studies and to generate more detailed engine performance and geometric data. Throughout this approach, a comprehensive engine design case study is incorporated based on a two-place, turbine training helicopter known as the Georgia Tech Generic Helicopter (GTGH). This example serves as a consistent propulsion system design reference highlighting the level of integration and detail required for each step of the preliminary turboshaft engine design methodology.
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Fowler, Andrew. "A new advanced turbine-stage test facility : the concept, design, construction and commissioning." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386786.
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Yoo, Hanyung. "A computational package to aid the design and to evaluate centrifugal turbopumps /." Online version of thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/12289.
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Ragula, Vivian Vineeth Raj. "Streamline based Analysis and Design Technique for Turbomachines." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1304022216.
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DiPietro, Anthony Louis. "Design and experimental evaluation of a dynamic thermal distortion generator for turbomachinery research." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09292009-020206/.
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Wissinger, Gordon J. "Computational analysis of space transfer vehicle engine turbopump diffuser design for deep-throttling : by Gordon J. Wissinger /." Online version of thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11001.
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Jouini, Dhafer Ben Mahmoud Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Mechanical and Aerospace. "Experimental investigation of two transonic linear turbine cascades at off-design conditions." Ottawa, 2000.
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Benamara, Tariq. "Full-field multi-fidelity surrogate models for optimal design of turbomachines." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2368.
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L’optimisation des différents composants d’une turbomachine reste encore un sujet épineux, malgré les récentes avancées théoriques, expérimentales ou informatiques. Cette thèse propose et investigue des techniques d’optimisation assistées par méta-modèles vectoriels multi-fidélité basés sur la Décomposition aux Valeurs Propres (POD). Le couplage de la POD à des techniques de modélisation multifidélité permet de suivre l’évolution des structures dominantes de l’écoulement en réponse à des déformations géométriques. Deux méthodes d’optimisation multi-fidélité basées sur la POD sont ici proposées. La première consiste en une stratégie d’enrichissement adaptée aux modèles multi-fidelité par Gappy-POD (GPOD). Celle-ci vise surtout des problèmes associés à des simulations basse-fidélité à coût de restitution négligeable, ce qui la rend difficilement utilisable pour la conception aérodynamique de turbomachines. Elle est néanmoins validée sur une étude du domaine de vol d’une aile 2D issue de la littérature. La seconde méthodologie est basée sur une extension multi-fidèle des modèles par POD Non-Intrusive (NIPOD). Cette extension naît de la ré-interprétation du concept de POD Contrainte (CPOD) et permet l’enrichissement de l’espace réduit par ajout important d’information basse-fidélité approximative. En seconde partie de cette thèse, un cas de validation est introduit pour valider les méthodologies d’optimisation vectorielle multi-fidélité. Cet exemple présente des caractéristiques représentatives des problèmes d’optimisation de turbomachines. La capacité de généralisation des méta-modèles par NIPOD multifidélité proposés est comparée, aussi bien sur cas analytique qu’industriel, à des techniques de méta-modélisation issues de la littérature. Enfin, nous utilisons la méthode développée au cours de cette thèse pour l’optimisation d’un étage et demi d’un compresseur basse-pression et comparons les résultats obtenus à des approches à l’état de l’artOptimizing turbomachinery components stands as a real challenge despite recent advances in theoretical, experimental and High-Performance Computing (HPC) domains. This thesis introduces and validates optimization techniques assisted by full-field Multi-Fidelity Surrogate Models (MFSMs) based on Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD). The combination of POD and Multi-Fidelity Modeling (MFM) techniques allows to capture the evolution of dominant flow features with geometry modifications. Two POD based multi-fidelity optimization methods are proposed. Thefirst one consists in an enrichment strategy dedicated to Gappy-POD (GPOD)models. It is more suitable for instantaneous low-fidelity computations whichmakes it hardly tractable for aerodynamic design of turbomachines. This methodis demonstrated on the flight domain study of a 2D airfoil from the literature. The second methodology is based on a multi-fidelity extension to Non-IntrusivePOD (NIPOD) models. This extension starts with a re-interpretation of theConstrained POD (CPOD) concept and allows to enrich the reduced spacedefinition with abondant, albeit inaccurate, low-fidelity information. In the second part of the thesis, a benchmark test case is introduced to test fullfield multi-fidelity optimization methodologies on an example presenting featuresrepresentative of turbomachinery problems. The predictability of the proposedMulti-Fidelity NIPOD (MFNIPOD) surrogate models is compared to classical surrogates from the literature on both analytical and industrial-scale applications. Finally, we employ the proposed tool to the shape optimization of a 1.5-stage boosterand we compare the obtained results with standard state of the art approaches
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Powers, Laura M. "Computer-aided design of axial-flow fans." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91059.
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This thesis examines the application of computer-aided design techniques to the field of turbomachinery. Specifically, the process of designing low- to medium-speed, axial-flow fans and blowers is discussed, and a Fortran program called FANJD is introduced. The first purpose of F AN3D is to perform the aerodynamic and mechanical calculations needed to establish the basic geometry of an axial-flow fan blade. Next, geometric modeling techniques are used to model the curves and surfaces of the blade, thereby completing the geometric description of the blade. Finally, FAN3D uses the CADCD component of the CADAM (CADAM, Inc.) Geometry Interface to automatically enter the three-dimensional blade model in the CADAM database.M.S.
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Jones, James A. "A multidisciplinary algorithm for the 3-D design optimization of transonic axial compressor blades." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Jun%5FJones%5FJames.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D. in Aeronautics and Astronautics)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2002.Dissertation supervisor: Raymond P. Shreeve. Includes bibliographical references (p. 157-161). Also available online.
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Chadha, Raman. "Design of high efficiency blowers for future aerosol applications." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5002.
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High efficiency air blowers to meet future portable aerosol sampling applications were
designed, fabricated, and evaluated. A Centrifugal blower was designed to achieve a flow
rate of 100 L/min (1.67 x 10^-3 m^3/s) and a pressure rise of WC " 4 (1000 PA). Commercial
computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, FLUENT 6.1.22, was used extensively
throughout the entire design cycle. The machine, Reynolds number (Re) , was around 10^5
suggesting a turbulent flow field. Renormalization Group (RNG) úâÂÂõ turbulent model
was used for FLUENT simulations. An existing design was scaled down to meet the
design needs. Characteristic curves showing static pressure rise as a function of flow rate
through the impeller were generated using FLUENT and these were validated through
experiments.
Experimentally measured efficiency (÷EXP) for the base-design was around 10%. This
was attributed to the low efficiency of the D.C. motor used. CFD simulations, using the
úâÂÂõ turbulent model and standard wall function approach, over-predicted the pressure
rise values and the percentage error was large.
Enhanced wall function under-predicted the pressure rise but gave better agreement (less
than 6% error) with experimental results. CFD predicted a blower scaled 70% in planar
direction (XZ) and 28% in axial direction (Y) and running at 19200 rpm
(70xz_28y@19.2k) as the most appropriate choice. The pressure rise is 1021 Pa at the design flow rate of 100 L/min. FLUENT predicts an efficiency value based on static head
(÷FLU) as 53.3%. Efficiency value based on measured static pressure rise value and the
electrical energy input to the motor (÷EXP) is 27.4%. This is almost a 2X improvement
over the value that one gets with the hand held vacuum system blower.
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Westerhoff, Kevin M. (Kevin Matthew) 1978. "Construction based design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84827.
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Xie, Xiaoling. "Communications in construction design." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2002. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7571.
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Construction design has become an increasingly complex synthesis activity for which effective solutions depend upon co-operative participation by a number of people. Thus communication, including the integration of specialised knowledge and negotiation of differences between team members, is a vital process for collaborative design. A questionnaire survey was initially conducted to investigate communication issues and problems, which had been highlighted from a review of the literature, in current construction design. The results confirmed that communication among the different construction team members is often difficult although of paramount important to design outcomes. Based on these results, case studies have been carried out to gain further insights into communication issues and problems, and explore why and how they are caused. Through the application of multiple approaches, a model has been developed, which suggests strategies that may help participants communicate more effectively and ultimately improve the quality of construction design outcomes.
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Soto, Leticia S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Construction design as a process for flow : applying lean principles to construction design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42995.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-111).
Delays and cost overruns are the rule rather than the exception in the construction industry. Design changes due to lack of constructability late in the construction phase generating costly ripple effect which create delay and disruption throughout the entire organization, are the largest contributors to the stated rule. In the building construction industry, of increased competitiveness, demand from many companies continued effort to develop new methods and tools, in which the design for quality, cost, construability and reliability play an important role. The planning and management of building design has historically focused upon traditional methods of planning such as Critical Path Method (CPM). Little effort is made to understand the complexities of the design process; instead design managers focus on allocating work packages where the planned output is a set of deliverables. This current design method forces design teams to manage their work on a discipline basis, each working on achieving their deliverable as dictated by the design program with little regard of the relationship with other disciplines and organizations. In addition, because Architect and Engineering firms view design and construction as two separate independent phases of work in project it makes it difficult to verify constructability in a design and create flow in the overall process. The goal of this study is to look at how aligning interests, objectives and practices based on lean fundamentals, during the earliest stages of a project, as a method of improving construction performance.
by Leticia Soto.
S.M.
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Sebille, Michel. "Design :construction, automorphisms and colourings." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211428.
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Chew, En Phin. "Superconducting Transformer Design and Construction." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4977.
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This thesis first outlines the testing undertaken on a partial core superconducting
transformer under open circuit, short circuit, full load and endurance test conditions.
During the endurance test, a failure occurred after 1 minute and 35 seconds. During the
failure, voltage dipping and rapid liquid nitrogen boil off was observed. This prompted
a failure investigation which concluded that the lack of cooling in the windings was the
most probable cause to the failure.
Full core transformer and superconductor theories are then introduced. A copper
winding transformer model, based on a Steinmetz equivalent circuit and a reverse
design method, is described. A superconductor loss model which outlines the different
types of losses experienced under AC conditions is used to determine the resistance
of the windings in the Steinmetz equivalent circuit. This resistance changes with the
magnitude of current and the strength of the magnetic field that is present in the gaps
between each layer of the windings. An alternative leakage flux model is then presented,
where the flux is modelled based on the combination of the reluctance of the core and
the air surrounding the windings. Based on these theories, an iterative algorithm to
calculate the resistance of the superconductor is developed.
A new design of a 15kVA single phase full core superconducting transformer, operating
in liquid nitrogen, is presented. The issues with building the superconducting
transformer are outlined. First, a copper mockup of the superconducting transformer
was designed where the mockup would have the same tape and winding dimensions
as the superconducting transformer, which means the same core can be used for two
different sets of windings. This led to designing a core that could be easily taken apart
as well as reassembled. Construction of the core, the copper windings and the superconductor
windings ensued. The process of cutting the core laminations, insulating the
copper and superconductor tapes, and making the steel fasteners and terminations are
described.
The copper mockup and superconducting transformers was then tested under open
circuit, short circuit, different load and endurance conditions at both liquid nitrogen
and room temperatures. These test results were then compared with the those from
two models. The comparison showed a significant inaccuracy in the reactances in
the models. This introduced a correction factor into the superconductor model which
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made it more accurate. However, further work is required to explain and quantify the
correction factors for the copper transformer model under different load conditions.
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Leung, Chi-ming. "Design consultancy vs design and build consultancy : present trends in the construction industry /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14038869.
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Ferguson, A. J. L. "Dilution refrigerator : Design, construction and performance." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378638.
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Batzer, Rachel E. (Rachel Elizabeth). "Design and construction of a dynamometer." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68827.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2011."June 2011." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 20).
Access to a dynamometer is a useful tool for any electrical system where the motors must be selected from various suppliers and fully characterized. Motor suppliers usually provide a torque, speed, efficiency curve, but it frequently lacks complete motor characterization and includes motor controller losses in the total system loss. The dynamometer presented in this thesis is primarily designed for testing of high efficiency motors and motor controllers in the power and speed range requires for competition in the World Solar Challenge, a transcontinental race for solar electric vehicles. The testing specifications of a solar electric vehicles are uncommon among motor testing needs because it requires high torque, low power, high efficiency, and the only a small operating range. This thesis covers the design and construction of the dynamometer.
by Rachel E. Batzer.
S.B.
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Bibby, Lee. "Improving design management techniques in construction." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2003. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/793.
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Recent years has seen a significant drive away from traditional procurement routes with contractors finding themselves with an increasing responsibility for control of design - a process they have had little experience in managing. They now have to adapt accordingly. The learning curve is steep, not least because many projects must now be delivered fast track while co-ordinating increasingly complex fabric and content of buildings without a platform of accepted good practice to manage the design process. This is a major factor preventing the UK construction industry from delivering projects on time, to budget and to the specified quality. There is a need to educate an increasing number of people in design management techniques to equip them to manage today's fast moving and demanding projects. However, many current design management tools are insufficiently developed for industry application. Therefore, to improve design management in the industry, current techniques must be modified to align them with the needs of the modern design manager. This research has developed and tested a training initiative aimed at improving design management practice within a major UK Design and Construct Contractor. It comprises a Design Management Handbook, Design Management Training, Team Support and Project Monitoring. The Design Management Handbook is the core of the training initiative. It addresses critical aspects of design management practice and provides design management tools. Training provides guidance to project teams on the tools and practices. In Team Support project teams are supported in the implementation of the new practices and tools to help embed new ways of working in company practice. Project Monitoring establishes the impact of the new practices on project performance to demonstrate that they are working and thus reinforce change. To establish the training initiative's effectiveness and key findings, the impact of the initiative on design management performance has been explored. The research has established which practices and tools were used, which were not, as well as an understanding the applicability and performance of each Handbook practice and tool. From this, barriers to implementing new design management tools in industry were identified and strategies developed in order to overcome such barriers.
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Jeffries, James R. "Construction implications of photolithography equipment design /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Tisaj, David. "Design and construction of a tachometer." Thesis, Tisaj, David (2014) Design and construction of a tachometer. Other thesis, Murdoch University, 2014. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/25564/.
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The purpose of this report is to provide a guided tour of how everything was achieved by choosing the right parts, implementation and building, testing, results and of course to inspire future projects and students into making student level tachometers because they all come in different shapes and sizes. A microcontroller programmed using the Arduino software on Microsoft Windows in a combination of C and C++ was used to control various circuitry and brought the device to life with the Arduino software and a few external libraries. Various alterations and upgrades could be made to this device as this thesis only explores a fraction of the endless possibility of technologies, methods, programs, and electrical components.
This thesis paper contains extensive research and will explore where tachometers came from and the current sensor technology used today such as the Hall Effect, generator, light reflected from a laser or an optical encoder that can determine position of a rotating device. The different technologies’ advantages and disadvantages will be looked into because in differing circumstances one might be better than the other. The specifications for this thesis are to measure and display the movement of a rotating machine in revolutions per minute or radians per second. The idea of the project was to make all the parts fit into a box and make it portable so getting the right battery was a cost versus function compromise.
Tachometers are essentially used for measuring speed and can be in turn, control manually or automatically some aspect of the measured machine. Tachometers can be used for scheduling maintenance after certain mileage and therefore reducing costs over a machine’s lifetime.
The basis for measurement is by using the Arduino’s interrupt function which will take quick and accurate time based measurements. The internal pull up resistor built into the Arduino’s board will ensure no false positives are recorded when a falling edge is present on the interrupt pin. Specifications from data sheets are examined in great detail to prevent damage to any of the components and part of the method is testing along the way and looking for problems and solutions.
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Ajayi, Saheed O. "Design, procurement and construction strategies for minimizing waste in construction projects." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2017. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/30123/.
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The construction industry contributes the largest portion of waste to landfill, and it consumes a significant proportion of mineral resources excavated from nature. Due to adverse environmental impacts of waste generation, as well as financial gains associated with its minimization, waste intensiveness of the industry has remained a major concern across nations. This study investigates the design, procurement and construction strategies for waste minimization, using a dynamic approach. Apart from an investigation of the key and underlying measures for construction waste mitigation, the study considers the interrelationship between stages of projects' lifecycle. This is as activities carried out at an earlier stage are capable of engendering occurrences at later stages of the dynamic project delivery processes. Following the tenets of critical realism philosophy and exploratory sequential mixed method, the study combined qualitative and quantitative approaches at intensive and extensive stages respectively. At the early stage of the study, data were collected through literature review and focus group discussions with industry experts. Results of the qualitative study were used to develop a questionnaire, which was analysed using statistical approach and structural equation modelling. As a means of investigating the key drivers of waste minimization at a holistic level, a system dynamic model was developed to simulate the interplay and effects of different strategies that were confirmed through the previous process. The study suggests that design stage has the most decisive impacts on construction waste minimization. At this stage, the key dimensions for designing out waste include design for modern methods of construction, collaborative design process, design for standardisation and waste-efficient design documentation. Error-free design and involvement of contractors at early design stage are part of the critical success factors for designing out waste. With design being much important for waste minimization, competencies of design in terms of waste behavioural competency, design task proficiency, construction-related knowledge and inter-professional collaborative competency are essential for designing out waste. Materials procurement process could enhance waste minimization by considering its key dimensions for driving waste-efficient projects, which includes waste-efficient materials purchase management, suppliers' alliance and waste-efficient bill of quantity. Efficient materials take-off and take back scheme are confirmed as critical success factors for driving waste minimization through materials procurement processes. During construction activities, waste could be reduced through prefabrication and offsite technology, contractual requirements, maximisation of materials reuse and improved collaboration, among others. Prefabrication, supply chain alliance and collaborative procurement routes are confirmed as the critical success factors for reducing waste during construction process. Dynamic interplay among these sets of strategies suggests that notwithstanding the significance of the different measures during design, procurement and construction processes, prefabrication technology and collaborative procurement route are the holistic drivers of construction waste minimisation. The study implies that designers could effectively drive waste minimization through dimensional coordination and standardisation of design in line with standard materials supplies. In addition to the need for prefabrication and offsite technologies, increasing collaboration among project team is requisite to reducing waste generated by construction activities. By implementing the strategies suggested in the study, substantial proportion of construction waste would be diverted from landfill.
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Petras, James P. "Prefabrication and the Construction Industry: An Examination of Design, Construction, and Efficiency." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1277120331.
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Nucara, Pascal. "Design of gas turbine axial compressors for fuel flexibility." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/48905/.
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Current gas turbine technology for power generation is generally optimised for natural gas. On the basis of current instabilities in natural gas price and supply, the use of alternative fuels, such as syngas, has recently gained high interest. Due to the different thermodynamic properties of syngas compared to natural gas the behaviour of existing gas turbine components may significantly change. From practical and economic points of view, it is generally considered that in order to meet the new fuel properties, the main effort should be put on the adaptation of conventional gas turbines in integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plants rather than producing a new generation of gas turbine designs from scratch. In addition to the requirement of new combustion technologies, main critical issues are represented by the reduction of compressor surge margin and turbine blade overheating. Solutions might include thermodynamic cycle as well as turbine geometry modifications. The latter would be preferred in terms of power plant performance. The main aim of this thesis is to explore suitable solutions to be applied to gas turbine compressors in order to accommodate syngas combustion. Among others, the use of variable stator vanes (VSVs) and blade radial stacking line modifications are considered. These are investigated on reference geometries available in the public domain. A baseline compressor geometry representative of a conventional heavy-duty gas turbine fueled with natural gas is generated and modified according to the understating gained during this study. The re-designed machine is a result of the application of stator vanes re-staggering in the front stages and blade sweep in the rear stages in order to cope with compressor air supply control and critical flow separation regions respectively. The obtained results show that efficient and stable operation during power modulation can be achieved, while reducing the need of other modifications to the combined cycle plant. It was therefore concluded that the proposed option can be considered a viable option to satisfy some important technical and economic constraints imposed by the integration of an existing gas turbine within an IGCC plant.
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Roth, Fabian. "Explicit design, and adaptation in self-construction /." Zürich : ETH, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17005.
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Rehnberg, Adam. "Suspension design for off-road construction machines." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Fordonsdynamik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-33883.
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Construction machines, also referred to as engineering vehicles or earth movers, are used in a variety of tasks related to infrastructure development and material handling. While modern construction machines represent a high level of sophistication in several areas, their suspension systems are generally rudimentary or even nonexistent. This leads to unacceptably high vibration levels for the operator, particularly when considering front loaders and dump trucks, which regularly traverse longer distances at reasonably high velocities. To meet future demands on operator comfort and high speed capacity, more refined wheel suspensions will have to be developed. The aim of this thesis is therefore to investigate which factors need to be considered in the fundamental design of suspension systems for wheeled construction machines. The ride dynamics of wheeled construction machines are affected by a number of particular properties specific to this type of vehicle. The pitch inertia is typically high in relation to the mass and wheelbase, which leads to pronounced pitching. The axle loads differ considerably between the loaded and the unloaded condition, necessitating ride height control, and hence the suspension properties may be altered as the vehicle is loaded. Furthermore, the low vertical stiffness of off-road tyres means that changes in the tyre properties will have a large impact on the dynamics of the suspended mass. The impact of these factors has been investigated using analytical models and parameters for a typical wheel loader. Multibody dynamic simulations have also been used to study the effects of suspended axles on the vehicle ride vibrations in more detail. The simulation model has also been compared to measurements performed on a prototype wheel loader with suspended axles. For reasons of manoeuvrability and robustness, many construction machines use articulated frame steering. The dynamic behaviour of articulated vehicles has therefore been examined here, focusing on lateral instabilities in the form of “snaking” and “folding”. A multibody dynamics model has been used to investigate how suspended axles influence the snaking stability of an articulated wheel loader. A remote-controlled, articulated test vehicle in model-scale has also been developed to enable safe and inexpensive practical experiments. The test vehicle is used to study the influence of several vehicle parameters on snaking stability, including suspension, drive configuration and mass distribution. Comparisons are also made with predictions using a simplified linear model. Off-road tyres represent a further complication of construction machine dynamics, since the tyres’ behaviour is typically highly nonlinear and difficult to evaluate in testing due to the size of the tyres. A rolling test rig for large tyres has here been evaluated, showing that the test rig is capable of producing useful data for validating tyre simulation models of varying complexity. The theoretical and experimental studies presented in this thesis contribute to the deeper understanding of a number of aspects of the dynamic behaviour of construction machines. This work therefore provides a basis for the continued development of wheel suspensions for such vehicles.QC 20110531
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Law, Gordon Ki-Wai. "Decision support system for construction cycle design." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26715.
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The objective of this thesis is to develop a conceptual design of a computerized environment for detailed design of construction activities associated with projects characterized by significant repetition.
High-rise building construction is used as the example of repetitive construction projects. The construction cycle design of a typical floor structure is studied to gain an understanding of the difficulty and complexity involved in the activity design process. Modeling techniques currently used in construction planning, modeling techniques developed in the field of operations research, and assembly line balancing techniques used in industrial engineering are reviewed to determine their applicability for detailed construction cycle design.
Using the concept of decision support systems developed in the fields of management science and knowledge engineering for solving ill-structured and ill-defined problems, a conceptual design of a decision support system for construction cycle design is developed.Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Morris, Jonathan. "Improving construction design : the lean thinking paradigm." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1999. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/3840.
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A study has been conducted into improving construction design through the application of the lean thinking paradigm. Its objective was to identify the issues relating to design efficiency and how a lean thinking approach might address these issues. The investigation consisted of examining work already undertaken in the field by other researchers"to identify the state of the art. The change order request system was examined to gain first insights into waste in construction design, and to gauge the size of the opportunity for the application of lean thinking. An Electronic Data Gathering Tool (EDGT) was then developed to allow further exploration of the design decision making process at the system / sub-system level. The EDGT was used on three live construction projects. From the data recorded a design planning tool, Design Decision Planner (DDP), was created to help improve control of the design process and lead to a more standardised approach to construction design. Standardising the approach to product development is an important component of lean thinking. The main recommendations for making construction design lean are: Use DDP to plan and improve control of the design decision making process, assign design responsibility and to make the process more transparent. 2. Measuring progress against planned design is a useful process metric. 3. Improve the designer's cost and programme visibility when choosing between design options. 4. Redefine the role of the quantity surveyor from cost controller to value for money assessor. The role needs to be better integrated into the design process to reach its full potential. 5. Need to develop more rigorous methods of assessing the buildability of design options. This problem could be eased in the short-term by incorporating construction professionals into the early design phases. 6. Designers need to use more process reason drivers when choosing between design options, not just functional criteria. 7. The change order request system could be redesigned to identify the root causes of contract issue design changes and, hence, improve the design decision making process.
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Brouqueyre, Laurent. "Hydro-acoustic therapy : design, construction and testing." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/18215.
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Bogdanov, Anton. "Design and construction of widebeam riometer system." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.588505.
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Ionospheric absorption is a controlling factor in accurate prediction of medium to high frequency signal levels that are passing through ionosphere. Particularly at high latitudes ionospheric storms are the main problem, causing unreliable communication. Sometimes these storms can lead HF radio signals to "polar blackouts" (reducing the signal in-time by 20 % or more) or they can even be completely absorbed by ionosphere. [Ware and Owren, 1958] This project report presents the design, construction and testing of a device that is used to measure ionospheric cosmic noise absorption, which is called riometer. During the project development different methods of filter design (all-pole and coupled capacitor resonator filters), impedance matching (L, pi and capacitor tapped matching) and signal attenuation calculation (impedance mismatch, pi attenuator and potential divider) are showed and described. The need for new riometer design had arisen, because some discrete components used in previous riometer designs are obsolete [LIS Riometers] and therefore the new riometers cannot be made based on the old designs, so the new design had to be invented. This new riometer design also includes the new feature of controlling the switching between antenna and calibration using the computer control inputs and mechanical override switch, thus providing higher system flexibility.
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Yung, Keung-Shing, and 翁強盛. "Piling design and construction in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4257609X.
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Robinson, Adrian C. "ISBU modular construction and building design prototypes." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27480.
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With the use of industrialised construction increasing, Buro Happold (BH) commissioned this research as part of on-going initiatives to address the lack of efficiency in design and construction. The research considers two major case studies where modularisation has been used to minimise complexity and increase standardisation. Referred to in this thesis as construction product prototypes and building design prototypes , the two studies examine firstly the product development of an Intermodal Steel Building Unit (ISBU) used in multi-storey construction and secondly a modular station pre-design used and repeated on four station buildings. The ISBU is based on a standard ISO dry-freight container and its use in modular construction maximises the use of factory based off-site methods (OSM); this should improve consistency of product outcome with minimised impact on site. Very little academic work has been published on ISBU modular construction. The research therefore looks in detail at the process of ISBU modular product development and its engineering performance. It also compares production and procurement of the units on supplier-driven accommodation buildings in comparison to similar but non-modular client-led projects. Using multiple stages of project team interviews and project document analysis, the research data is coded, measured and analysed to describe the processes of product and design prototyping. The research demonstrates that the ISBU product was developed and refined through several major building projects and has reasonable engineering performance characteristics but may be more suited to temporary buildings. The principle of modular pre-designs as found in stations has benefits for rationalising the design process and simplifying and internalising complexities of construction. The research considers solutions for problems that are ill defined and a design process that is difficult to assimilate. This part of the research uses models for framing and problem/solution co-evolution to solve problems of ill definition and linear/non-linear design processes by building on Gero s (1990) design prototyping theory model. Modularisation of the station designs was successful in reducing design effort and allowed a repeatable pre-design to be refined, but the design team struggled with the bespoke nature of the project designs. The comparison of case study data to models for manufacturing, procurement and design prototype development has led to a better understanding as to how these designs were achieved and how these same approaches could be applied in future.
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Dias, Jay D. "Design, Construction, and Optimization of Microprobe Beamlines." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10812789.
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A new external microprobe beamline for irradiation experiments has been commissioned and constructed at the Louisiana Accelerator Center. This microprobe was designed to use the Oxford Triplet lens con?guration with no scanning system. The beamline was designed to allow for the post focus expansion of the ion beam to create an even ?led of current distribution at a sample. The samples are irradiated in air in a glove box so that a Biosaftey-Level 2 (BSL-2) environment is created, reducing risk of contamination for biological sample irradiation. The nature of a microprobe allows the ?ux, and therefore the dose, to be su?ciently low for space radiation studies. The beamline was designed using WinTRAX [18] and constriction has been completed. This thesis is an overview of what a microprobe is, how the new microprobe was designed, and how the beamline was constricted.
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Wu, Berlin. "Geotechnical design and construction automation in Taiwan." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41353.
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Jackowski, Zachary John. "Design and construction of an autonomous ornithopter." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/52809.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2009.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Page no. "2" in pagination repeated twice. Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 56-57 [i.e. 57-58]).
In recent years the subject of flying vehicles propelled by flapping wings, also known as ornithopters, has been an area of interest because of its application to micro aerial vehicles (MAVs). These miniature vehicles seek to mimic small birds and insects to achieve never before seen agility in flight. This renewed interest has raised a host of new problems in vehicle dynamics and control to explore. In order to better study the control of flapping wing flight we have developed a large scale ornithopter called the Phoenix. It is capable of carrying a heavy (400 gram) computer and sensor package and is designed specially for the application of controls research. The design takes special care to optimize payload capacity, crash survivability, and field repair abilities. This thesis covers the design process of both the mechanical and electrical systems of the ornithopter and initial control experiments. We also show that it is possible to stabilize the machine in pitch with a simple PD controller through experimental testing..
by Zachary John Jackowski.
S.B.
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Fang, Rosemarie. "The design and construction of fabric structures." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/51577.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 46-47).
In its short history, fabric structures have fascinated architects and engineers alike. Architects appreciate their unusual shapes and forms while engineers delight in their "pure" structural expression. Capable of spanning large distances while incurring very little weight on supporting structure, developments in the design of fabric structure can dramatically change the ways in which permanent building construction is conceptualized. This thesis reviews the most current methods for design and construction of fabric structures and focuses on how they can be improved for common application as permanent structures. In doing so, it begins with a brief history and explanation of the various types of fabric structure that have previously been built. Subsequent chapters address different limiting factors, including the development of fabric materials, computational analysis methods, and innovative construction techniques. Finally, a case study of the new Landside Airport Terminal project in Denver, Colorado is presented to illustrate a direct application of design and construction methods. Though fabric structures have come a long way since the first modern cable-net was built fifty years ago, there are still several challenges to be overcome before fabric can be considered a viable option for the majority of new building projects.
by Rosemarie Fang.
M.Eng.
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Hopper, Amanda Jane. "Landfill design, construction and non-invasive monitoring." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1989.
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Three techniques are investigated in order to assess their applicability for use in landfill design, construction and monitoring. Firstly, an assessment is made of QA procedures during liner construction through the detailed evaluation of two case studies. Construction QA procedures on-site are compared to available guidelines. The research illustrates the requirement for standardised, regulated QA procedures on landfill sites in order to provide a recognised framework for construction control. The Moisture Condition Value Test (MCV) is evaluated for use as a method of monitoring the placement of compacted clay landfill liners. London Clay and Mercia Mudstone, collected from the QA case study sites, are tested in terms of their suitability as engineered clay liners. Although, London Clay is the most acceptable it is this material which exhibits the poorest results in the MCV testing. This is due to seepage from the apparatus at high moisture contents. The research highlights the problems with the interpretation of the protocol for the testing and the differences between the Scottish and English Road Research Laboratory guidelines (Green & Hawkins, 1987). Thirdly, two airborne remote sensing techniques (ATM and CASI) are appraised as methods of monitoring landfill gas, or possibly leachate migration, from two case study landfill sites in South West England. Vegetation stress can be linked to landfill gas migration (Flower et al., 1981) and this stress can be detected as a deviation from normal spectral reflectances in vegetation (Honer et a!., 1983a). Anomalies are identified on-site through remote sensing but they cannot be directly attributed to the landfills. This research emphasises the effects of contamination from other sources. It also requires the use of a simultaneous ground survey to collate data from boreholes with measurements of soil and vegetation types. Essentially, the QA case studies and the remote sensing show potential for future use and suggestions are made in this thesis for further research. The MCV technique provides a method for assessing the controlling parameters of compaction. With further development of aspects outlined in this investigation there is the potential for specified use of these techniques In landfill engineering and monitoring.
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Bostanci, Sevket Can. "Low carbon sustainable concrete design and construction." Thesis, Kingston University, 2015. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/34545/.
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Hansson, Johan, and Christian Bothén. "Design and construction of electronic control unit." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353124.
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The main objective of this project was to create a new, future-proofed, electroniccontrol unit for a test station at GE Healthcare in Uppsala. The control unit was tobe created in cooperation with the technical consultant firm Rejlers. The project consisted of two parts, one investigation part and one design part. The investigation part consisted of examining the previous control unit and its connection between the quality control station and the host computer. This examination resulted in a specification of requirements which was used as a basis in the design of the new control unit. The design part consisted of finding durable and reliable components that met the specification of requirements. During the design process the work was documented and compiled in a technical documentation for the control unit. The project resulted in a new control unit that was improved by using a programmable logic controller that was directly compatible with LabVIEW, moving external power supplies inside the control unit to limit the number of cables and adding cartridge fuses for safety. It also resulted in a full technical documentationof the unit, facilitating future maintenance. The new control unit was considered to be future-proofed, but in order to consider the entire test station future-proofed the quality control station would have needed to be replaced as well. At the time this report was written, the new electronic control unit had been designed and was under construction.
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Ahlbäck, Moa. "Integrerade arbetsmetoder med Virtual Design and Construction." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231601.
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Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) introducerades tidigt på 2000-talet för att främja ett arbete med datorbaserade modeller samt involvering av produktionsplanering i designfasen. VDC är ett koncept som idag har anammats inom många bygg- och konsultföretag för att utveckla arbetet med Building Information Model (BIM), innovationer och samverkan inom byggprojekt. Konceptet VDC förändras ständigt och omdefinieras av enskilda individer och företag. Det här resulterar i att det råder en begreppsförvirring hur VDC ska definieras och hur arbete med VDC ska genomföras. Vidare tenderar många byggprojekt att vara fragmenterade med projektmedlemmar som främst fokuserar på sitt eget teknikområde. För att minska fragmentering mellan projektmedlemmar kan integrerade arbetsmetoder tillämpas. Syftet med examensarbetet är därför dels att undersöka innebörden av VDC som koncept och även hur VDC kan stimulera integrerade arbetsmetoder. Ämnet utforskas kvalitativt med vetenskaplig litteratur och intervjustudie. Den vetenskapliga litteraturen definierar konceptuellt VDC och två integrerade arbetsmetoder Integrated Concurrent Engineering (ICE) och Integrated Project Delivery (IPD). Varvid intervjustudien inkluderar respondenter från byggsektorn vars reflektioner om det studerade ämnet presenteras. Studien är geografiskt avgränsad till Sverige. I resultatet påvisas den rådande tvetydigheten huruvida VDC definieras. För att undvika begreppsförvirring kan det vara behövligt med en gemensam definition av VDC i byggbranschen och även nationella riktlinjer vilka beskriver hur arbete med VDC ska utföras. Vidare kan VDC stimulera ett integrerat arbetssätt genom en ökad samhörighet inom byggprojekt med bland annat gemensamma formuleringar av projektmål och gemensam problemlösning mellan projektmedlemmar.Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) was introduced early in the 21st century in order to encourage work with computer based models and construction planning in the design phase. VDC is a concept that has been embraced by several construction and consulting companies in order to develop their work with Building Information Model (BIM), innovations and cooperation within construction projects. VDC is a concept that keeps evolving and is being redefined by individuals and companies. This has contributed to a conceptual confusion within the construction sector about the definition of VDC. Furthermore, construction projects tend to be fragmented with project members that are working in silos and primarily focusing on their own discipline. In order to decrease the fragmentation within construction projects integrated working methods can be applied. Therefor the purpose of this master thesis is to explore the concept VDC and how it can stimulate integrated working methods. The study is examined using qualitative methods based on scientific literature and an interview study. The scientific literature is defining VDC conceptually and two integrated working methods Integrated Concurrent Engineering (ICE) and Integrated Project Delivery (IPD). Furthermore, the interview study includes respondents from the construction industry whose reflections and thoughts about the subject are being presented. The study is geographically limited to Sweden. The result shows the current ambiguity of how VDC is defined. In order to avoid a conceptual confusion a common definition should be formulated with national guidelines that describe how work with VDC should be conducted. Furthermore, VDC can stimulate an integrated approach through increased cohesion within construction projects, including common objectives within the project and joint problem solving between project members.
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Jones, Andrew M. "Design and construction for traditional house building." Thesis, Aston University, 1990. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14272/.
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This study is concerned with quality and productivity aspects of traditional house building. The research focuses on these issues by concentrating on the services and finishing stages of the building process. These are work stages which have not been fully investigated in previous productivity related studies. The primary objective of the research is to promote an integrated design and construction led approach to traditional house building based on an original concept of 'development cycles'. This process involves the following: site monitoring; the analysis of work operations; implementing design and construction changes founded on unique information collected during site monitoring; and subsequent re-monitoring to measure and assess Ihe effect of change. A volume house building firm has been involved in this applied research and has allowed access to its sites for production monitoring purposes. The firm also assisted in design detailing for a small group of 'experimental' production houses where various design and construction changes were implemented. Results from the collaborative research have shown certain quality and productivity improvements to be possible using this approach, albeit on a limited scale at this early experimental stage. The improvements have been possible because an improved activity sampling technique, developed for, and employed by the study, has been able to describe why many quality and productivity related problems occur during site building work. Experience derived from the research has shown the following attributes to be important: positive attitudes towards innovation; effective communication; careful planning and organisation; and good coordination and control at site level. These are all essential aspects of quality led management and determine to a large extent the overall success of this approach. Future work recommendations must include a more widespread use of innovative practices so that further design and construction modifications can be made. By doing this, productivity can be improved, cost savings made and better quality afforded.
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Lenski, Philipp. "Design, Construction and Operation of a Pentacopter." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-64370.
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Yung, Keung-Shing. "Piling design and construction in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4257609X.
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Ghalandar, Zehi Jalalabad Toomaj. "Design Quality in Architecture and Construction Research." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254838.
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The issue of design quality in construction projects has long been a major concern for designprofessionals (Gann et al. 2003). The emphasis on improvement of processes in constructionin order to manage or reduce “cost, time and waste” in projects, at times has led to concernsthat the design of a building could become a matter of less importance due to such processimproving measures (Gann et al. 2003, p.319) “Design Quality” in architecture andconstruction is an ambiguous and “dynamic concept” in relation to its context, continuouslygoing through changes (Rönn 2010, p.48; Slaughter 2004).Quality itself is related to value and multiple definitions of it (Rönn 2010). It is often possiblefor both people and professionals to feel and experience design quality in buildings ratherintuitively, but to frame it in a recognizable manner has always proved challenging (Rönn2010). Essentially, human behavior apart from being influenced by the physical environmentis also influenced by the social context existing within the physical environment (Vischer2008).These challenges further extend to judgement, assessment and measurement of design quality,and setting out the relevant criteria for them (Rönn 2010, Slaughter 2004). Therefore, it’sdifficult for building designers, to structure design solutions that could guarantee theachievement of such ambiguous concept (Rönn 2010).Frågan om designkvalitet i byggprojekt har länge varit ett stort bekymmer för designers (Gannet al. 2003). Betoningen på förbättring av processer inom konstruktion för att hantera ellerminska ”kostnad, tid och slöseri” i projekt har ibland lett till en oro för att utformning ochdesign av en byggnad kan bli av mindre betydelse på grund av sådana processförbättrandeåtgärder (Gann et al. 2003, p.319) ”Designkvalité” i arkitektur och konstruktion är ett tvetydigtoch ”dynamiskt koncept” i förhållande till sitt sammanhang, som ständigt genomgårförändringar (Rönn 2010, s.48; Slaughter 2004).Kvalité i sig är relaterad till värde och flera definitioner av det (Rönn 2010). Det är ofta möjligtför både människor och yrkesverksamma att känna och uppleva designkvalité i byggnaderganska intuitivt, men att rama in den på ett igenkännbart sätt har visat sig utmanande (Rönn2010). I huvudsak påverkas det mänskliga beteendet utöver den fysiska miljön även av densociala kontexten som finns inom den fysiska miljön (Vischer 2008).Dessa utmaningar sträcker sig vidare till bedömning, värdering och mätning av designkvalitéeroch fastställande av relevanta kriterier för dem (Rönn 2010, Slaughter 2004). Därför är detsvårt för byggnadsdesigners att konstruera designlösningar som garanterat kan uppnå ett sådanttvetydigt koncept (Rönn 2010).
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Bacher, Denise. "Design patterns in level design common practices in simulated environment construction /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
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Fox, Stephen John. "Application of design for manufacture principles to building design and construction." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2001. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19207/.
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The aim of this thesis is to answer the two research questions: how can design for manufacture be applied during building component design and building design?; and how can the application of design for manufacture be successful in improving the productivity and quality of building component production and building construction? These two questions emerged during exploratory research focused on the use of design to improve construction industry productivity and quality. Subsequent review of manufacturing literature revealed that the two key principles of design for manufacture are standard production design improvement rules and standard production design evaluation metrics. Review of construction literature, and a survey involving over one hundred and fifty industry practitioners, revealed that, whilst rules and metrics for building components and buildings do not currently exist, there are no fundamental reasons why they could not be developed and applied successfully. These findings led to the generation of the research hypothesis: design for manufacture principles can be applied successfully to building components and buildings. The research hypothesis was tested by two interventions, action research within a private business which manufactures and installs building components, and a case study with a multi-national company which designs and constructs buildings. These interventions resulted in significant business benefits. Further, they confirmed that it is both technically feasible and economically viable to apply rules and metrics to building component design and building design, and that doing so can improve the productivity and quality of building component production and building construction. Following analysis of research findings, strategic plans were developed for the successful application of rules and metrics. These were validated through interviews with senior construction industry practitioners. Contributions to knowledge include the strategic plans for successful application of rules and metrics. These cover the full range of organisations working in the construction industry and, together with the detailed descriptions of the interventions, offer practical guidance for industry practitioners seeking to improve productivity and quality. The research also makes a contribution in the area of research methodology. It has shown that threats to research validity in the construction industry can be counteracted by applying a quasi-experimental perspective to action research interventions and case studies.