Journal articles on the topic 'Turbocharger Turbine'
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1
Karamanis, N., and R. F. Martinez-Botas. "Mixed-flow turbines for automotive turbochargers: Steady and unsteady performance." International Journal of Engine Research 3, no. 3 (June 1, 2002): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/14680870260189253.
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Turbochargers are finding increasing application to automotive diesel engines as cost effective means for improving their power output and efficiency, and reducing exhaust emissions; these requirements have led to the need for highly loaded turbocharger turbines. A mixed-flow turbine is capable of achieving its peak isen-tropic efficiency at reduced velocity ratios compared to a typical radial inflow turbine; it is therefore possible to improve the turbocharger/engine matching. These turbines differ from the commonly used radial turbines in that the flow approaches the rotor in the non-radial direction; in the extreme a mixed-flow turbine would become an axial machine. The steady and unsteady performances of a mixed-flow turbocharger turbine with a constant blade inlet angle have been investigated. The steady flow results indicated that the mixed-flow turbine obtains a peak efficiency (total-to-static) of 75 per cent at a velocity ratio of 0.61, compared with that of a typical radial-inflow turbine which peaks at a velocity ratio of 0.7. The performance and flow characteristics were found to deviate significantly from the equivalent steady state values commonly used in turbocharger turbine design.
2
Shaaban, S., and J. Seume. "Impact of Turbocharger Non-Adiabatic Operation on Engine Volumetric Efficiency and Turbo Lag." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/625453.
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Turbocharger performance significantly affects the thermodynamic properties of the working fluid at engine boundaries and hence engine performance. Heat transfer takes place under all circumstances during turbocharger operation. This heat transfer affects the power produced by the turbine, the power consumed by the compressor, and the engine volumetric efficiency. Therefore, non-adiabatic turbocharger performance can restrict the engine charging process and hence engine performance. The present research work investigates the effect of turbocharger non-adiabatic performance on the engine charging process and turbo lag. Two passenger car turbochargers are experimentally and theoretically investigated. The effect of turbine casing insulation is also explored. The present investigation shows that thermal energy is transferred to the compressor under all circumstances. At high rotational speeds, thermal energy is first transferred to the compressor and latter from the compressor to the ambient. Therefore, the compressor appears to be “adiabatic” at high rotational speeds despite the complex heat transfer processes inside the compressor. A tangible effect of turbocharger non-adiabatic performance on the charging process is identified at turbocharger part load operation. The turbine power is the most affected operating parameter, followed by the engine volumetric efficiency. Insulating the turbine is recommended for reducing the turbine size and the turbo lag.
3
Lüddecke, Bernhardt, Dietmar Filsinger, and Jan Ehrhard. "On Mixed Flow Turbines for Automotive Turbocharger Applications." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 2012 (2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/589720.
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Due to increased demands for improved fuel economy of passenger cars, low-end and part-load performance is of key importance for the design of automotive turbocharger turbines. In an automotive drive cycle, a turbine which can extract more energy at high pressure ratios and lower rotational speeds is desirable. In the literature it is typically found that radial turbines provide peak efficiency at speed ratios of 0.7, but at high pressure ratios and low rotational speeds the blade speed ratio will be low and the rotor will experience high values of positive incidence at the inlet. Based on fundamental considerations, it is shown that mixed flow turbines offer substantial advantages for such applications. Moreover, to prove these considerations an experimental assessment of mixed flow turbine efficiency and optimal blade speed ratio is presented. This has been achieved using a new semi-unsteady measurement approach. Finally, evidence of the benefits of mixed flow turbine behaviour in engine operation is given. Regarding turbocharged engine simulation, the benefit of wide-ranging turbine map measurement data as well as the need for reasonable turbine map extrapolation is illustrated.
4
Deng, Qiyou, Andrew Pennycott, Qingning Zhang, Calogero Avola, Ludek Pohorelsky, and Richard Burke. "Dimensionless quantification of small radial turbine transient performance." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 235, no. 1 (August 8, 2020): 188–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407020942035.
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Turbochargers are inherently dynamic devices, comprising internal flow volumes, mechanical inertias and thermal masses. When operating under transient conditions within an engine system, these dynamics need to be better understood. In this paper, a new non-dimensional modelling approach to characterise the turbocharger is proposed. Two new dimensionless quantities are defined with respect to mechanical and thermal transient behaviour, which are used in conjunction with the Strouhal number for flow transients. The modelling approach is applied to a small wastegated turbocharger and validated against experimental results. The model is used to simulate the turbocharger mass flow rate, turbine housing temperature and shaft speed responses to different excitation frequencies for different sizes of turbine. The results highlight the influence of turbocharger size on the dynamic behaviour of the system, which is particularly marked for the turbine housing temperature. At certain frequency ranges, the system behaviour is quasi-steady, allowing modelling through static maps in these operating regions. Outside these ranges, however, transient elements play a more important role. The simulation study shows that the proposed dimensionless parameters can be used to normalise the influence of turbine size on the dynamic response characteristics of the system. The model and corresponding dimensionless parameters can be applied in future simulation studies as well as for turbocharger matching in industry.
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Liu, Xiang Ling, Meng Xiang Liu, and Jin Ke Gong. "The Finite Element Analysis of Gasoline Engine Turbocharger Key Parts." Applied Mechanics and Materials 433-435 (October 2013): 2151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.433-435.2151.
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A geometric model and finite element grid model of JQ40A gasoline engine turbocharger were set up based on the CFD software NUMECA. And the stress, deformation and vibration modal analysis on turbocharger’s compressor impeller, turbine and integrated turbine box was carried out by software ANSYS. The result shows that thin blade impeller design, weight reduction design of the turbine is beneficial to reducing the maximum structural stress, deformation and rotation frequency. The integrated design of the exhaust manifold and the turbine housing is helpful to reducing the flow resistance and the vibration frequency, so as to effectively avoid the resonance region, ensure turbocharger’s reliability and make for enhancing aerodynamic performance. Research methods and conclusions which are of important theoretical significance and practical value, provide basis for optimization design of turbocharger.
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Chiriac, Rareș-Lucian, Anghel Chiru, Răzvan Gabriel Boboc, and Ulf Kurella. "Advanced Engine Technologies for Turbochargers Solutions." Applied Sciences 11, no. 21 (October 27, 2021): 10075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112110075.
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Research in the process of internal combustion engines shows that their efficiency can be increased through several technical and functional solutions. One of these is turbocharging. For certain engine operating modes, the available energy of the turbine can also be used to drive an electricity generator. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the possibilities and limitations of this solution. For this purpose, several investigations were carried out in the virtual environment with the AMESim program, as well as experimental research on a diesel engine for automobiles and on a stand for testing turbochargers (Turbo Test Pro produced by CIMAT). The article also includes a comparative study between the power and torque of the naturally aspirated internal combustion engine and equipped with a hybrid turbocharger. The results showed that the turbocharger has a very high operating potential and can be coupled with a generator without decreasing the efficiency of the turbocharger or the internal combustion engine. The main result was the generation of electrical power of 115 W at a turbocharger shaft speed of 140,000–160,000 rpm with an electric generator shaft speed of 14,000–16,000 rpm. There are many constructive solutions for electrical turbochargers with the generator positioned between the compressor and the turbine wheel. This paper is presenting a solution of a hybrid turbocharger with the generator positioned and coupled with the compressor wheel on the exterior side.
7
Wang, Zhihui, Chaochen Ma, Zhi Huang, Liyong Huang, Xiang Liu, and Zhihong Wang. "A novel variable geometry turbine achieved by elastically restrained nozzle guide vanes." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 9 (April 8, 2020): 2312–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407020909662.
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Variable geometry turbocharging is one of the most significant matching methods between turbocharger and engine, and has been proven to provide air boost for entire engine speed range as well as to reduce turbo-lag. An elastically constrained device designed for a novel variable geometry turbocharger was presented in this paper. The design of the device is based on the nozzle vane’s self-adaptation under interactions of the elastic force by elastically restrained guide vane and the aerodynamic force from flowing gas. The vane rotation mechanism of the novel variable geometry turbocharger is different from regular commercial variable geometry turbocharger systems, which is achieved by an active control system (e.g. actuator). To predict the aerodynamic performance of the novel variable geometry turbocharger, the flow field of the turbine was simulated using transient computational fluid dynamics software combined with a fluid–structure interaction method. The results show that the function of elastically constrained device has similar effectiveness as the traditional variable geometry turbocharger. In addition, the efficiency of the novel variable geometry turbocharger is improved at most operating conditions. Furthermore, a turbocharged diesel engine was created using the AVL BOOST software to evaluate the benefits of the new variable geometry turbocharger. The proposed novel variable geometry turbocharger can effectively improve the engine performance at mid-high speeds, such that the maximum decrease of brake-specific fuel consumption reaches 17.91% under 100% load and 3600 r/min engine condition. However, the engine power and brake-specific fuel consumption decrease significantly at low engine speed conditions, and the decrease is more than 26% under 1000 r/min.
8
Kreuz-Ihli, T., D. Filsinger, A. Schulz, and S. Wittig. "Numerical and Experimental Study of Unsteady Flow Field and Vibration in Radial Inflow Turbines." Journal of Turbomachinery 122, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.555441.
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The blades of turbocharger impellers are exposed to unsteady aerodynamic forces, which cause blade vibrations and may lead to failures. An indispensable requirement for a safe design of radial inflow turbines is a detailed knowledge of the exciting forces. Up to now, only a few investigations relating to unsteady aerodynamic forces in radial turbines have been presented. To give a detailed insight into the complex phenomena, a comprehensive research project was initiated at the Institut fu¨r Thermische Stro¨mungsmaschinen, at the University of Karlsruhe. A turbocharger test rig was installed in the high-pressure, high-temperature laboratory of the institute. The present paper gives a description of the test rig design and the measuring techniques. The flow field in a vaneless radial inflow turbine was analyzed using laser-Doppler anemometry. First results of unsteady flow field investigations in the turbine scroll and unsteady phase-resolved measurements of the flow field in the turbine rotor will be discussed. Moreover, results from finite element calculations analyzing frequencies and mode shapes are presented. As vibrations in turbines of turbochargers are assumed to be predominantly excited by unsteady aerodynamic forces, a method to predict the actual transient flow in a radial turbine utilizing the commercial Navier–Stokes solver TASCflow3d was developed. Results of the unsteady calculations are presented and comparisons with the measured unsteady flow field are made. As a major result, the excitation effect of the tongue region in a vaneless radial inflow turbine can be demonstrated. [S0889-504X(00)01402-1]
9
Ammad ud Din, Syed, Weilin Zhuge, Panpan Song, and Yangjun Zhang. "A method of turbocharger design optimization for a diesel engine with exhaust gas recirculation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 10 (October 11, 2018): 2572–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018802560.
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Downsizing a diesel engine using turbocharger and coupling it with exhaust gas recirculation is the recent trend to improve engine performance and emission control. For diesel engines, it is important to match a turbocharger that meets both the low-speed torque and high-speed power requirements. This article presents a method of turbocharger design optimization for a turbocharged diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation, on the basis of parametric study of turbocharger geometry. Turbocharger through-flow model along with one-dimensional engine model is used to study the effect of key geometric parameters of the compressor and turbine on engine brake torque, brake-specific fuel consumption, air flowrate and cylinder peak temperature. For compressor, the research emphasizes on impeller inlet relative diameter, inlet blade tip angle, impeller exit blade angle and exit blade height, while for turbine parameters such as volute throat area, inlet blade height, inlet diameter, outlet diameter and rotor exit blade angle are taken into account. Results show that in case of compressor, engine performance is sensitive to the inlet relative diameter, inlet blade angle and exit blade angle. In case of turbine, volute throat area, inlet blade height and inlet diameter have vital effect on engine performance. On the basis of results, an optimized turbocharger design is developed. Comparison shows prominent improvement in turbocharger maps and engine performance. Compressor maximum efficiency and pressure ratio are increased from 73% to 77% and 3.166 to 3.305, respectively. Most importantly, the area of compressor maximum efficiency zone is increased considerably. Also turbine efficiency is increased from 71.42% to 76.94%. As a result, engine torque and air flowrate are increased up to 5.26% and 8.31%, respectively, while brake-specific fuel consumption and cylinder peak temperature are decreased up to 5.00% and 4.31%, respectively.
10
Kazemi Bakhshmand, Sina, Ly Tai Luu, and Clemens Biet. "Experimental Energy and Exergy Analysis of an Automotive Turbocharger Using a Novel Power-Based Approach." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 13, 2021): 6572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206572.
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The performance of turbochargers is heavily influenced by heat transfer. Conventional investigations are commonly performed under adiabatic assumptions and are based on the first law of thermodynamics, which is insufficient for perceiving the aerothermodynamic performance of turbochargers. This study aims to experimentally investigate the non-adiabatic performance of an automotive turbocharger turbine through energy and exergy analysis, considering heat transfer impacts. It is achieved based on experimental measurements and by implementing a novel innovative power-based approach to extract the amount of heat transfer. The turbocharger is measured on a hot gas test bench in both diabatic and adiabatic conditions. Consequently, by carrying out energy and exergy balances, the amount of lost available work due to heat transfer and internal irreversibilities within the turbine is quantified. The study allows researchers to achieve a deep understanding of the impacts of heat transfer on the aerothermodynamic performance of turbochargers, considering both the first and second laws of thermodynamics.
11
Berchiolli, Guarda, Walsh, and Pesyridis. "Turbocharger Axial Turbines for High Transient Response, Part 2: Genetic Algorithm Development for Axial Turbine Optimisation." Applied Sciences 9, no. 13 (June 30, 2019): 2679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9132679.
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In a previous paper [1], a preliminary design methodology was proposed for the design of an axial turbine, replacing a conventional radial turbine used in automotive turbochargers, to achieve improved transient response, due to the intrinsically lower moment of inertia. In this second part of the work, the focus is on the optimisation of this preliminary design to improve on the axial turbine efficiency using a genetic algorithm in order to make the axial turbine a more viable proposition for turbocharger turbine application. The implementation of multidisciplinary design optimisation is essential to the aerodynamic shape optimisation of turbocharger turbines, as changes in blade geometry lead to variations in both structural and aerodynamics performance. Due to the necessity to have multiple design objectives and a significant number of variables, genetic algorithms seem to offer significant advantages. However, large generation sizes and simulation run times could result in extensively long periods of time for the optimisation to be completed. This paper proposes a dimensioning of a multi-objective genetic algorithm, to improve on a preliminary blade design in a reasonable amount of time. The results achieved a significant improvement on safety factor of both blades whilst increasing the overall efficiency by 2.55%. This was achieved by testing a total of 399 configurations in just over 4 h using a cluster network, which equated to 2.73 days using a single computer.
12
Passar, Andrey V., D. V. Tymoshenko, and E. V. Faleeva. "Application of a New Design and Calculation Technology for Improving the Blading Section of the Engine with Turbine Supercharger." Defect and Diffusion Forum 392 (April 2019): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.392.239.
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The existing methods of design and calculating the gas-dynamic characteristics of turbo-machines do not allow an accurate computation of parameters of a turbo compressor unit as part of a compound internal-combustion engine. The evaluation of a new design and estimation method for the blading section of the turbine of the turbocharged engine was carried out in this paper. The developed technology was used to design impellers for radial-axial turbines of a turbocharged engine operating in various modes. The features of these turbines are presented in the steady and unsteady stream. As a result of the application of the new design and calculating technology, the following data was obtained: the parameters of the turbine design mode as part of a turbocharged engine; the blading section of the turbine TKR-14 of the turbocharger. As a part of a turbocharged engine, this blading section will allow the unsteady action from the piston part to operate more efficiently than the standard turbine of the 6 CHN 18/22 (Russian Marine Diesel) engine. The computation of turbine performance characteristics in a steady stream showed that a decrease in the geometric dimensions at the inlet and outlet of the impeller leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the turbine and an increase in its effective power. The computation of performance characteristics of a turbine as part of the turbocharged engine showed that reducing the height of the impeller blades causes scavenging duration reduction, an increase in a pressure drop on scavenging, an increase in pressure in the exhaust pipeline, an increase in the efficiency of the turbine and its effective power. Comparison of these characteristics with experimental data proves the adequacy of the applied technology.
13
Özgür, Tayfun, and Kadir Aydın. "Analysis of Engine Performance Parameters of Electrically Assisted Turbocharged Diesel Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (October 2015): 861–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.861.
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Charging system is used to increase the charge density. Supercharging system suffers from fuel consumption penalty because of compressor powered by engine output. Turbocharging system uses wasted exhaust energy that means compressor powered by exhaust turbine but has a turbo lag problem. The electrically assisted turbocharger which can eliminate turbo lag problem and fuel consumption penalty is the topic of this paper. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of electrically assisted turbocharger on diesel engine performance parameters. The AVL Boost software program was used to simulate the electrically assisted turbocharged diesel engine. Simulations results showed that electrically assisted turbocharger increases low end torque and improves fuel economy.
14
Tang, Huayin, Colin Copeland, Sam Akehurst, Chris Brace, Peter Davies, Ludek Pohorelsky, Les Smith, and Geoff Capon. "A novel predictive semi-physical feed-forward turbocharging system transient control strategy based on mean-value turbocharger model." International Journal of Engine Research 18, no. 8 (October 7, 2016): 765–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087416670052.
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Variable geometry turbine is a technology that has been proven on diesel engines. However, despite the potential to further improve gasoline engines’ fuel economy and transient response using variable geometry turbine, controlling the variable geometry turbine during transients is challenging due to its highly non-linear behaviours especially on gasoline applications. After comparing three potential turbocharger transient control strategies, the one that predicts the turbine performances for a range of possible variable geometry turbine settings in advance was developed and validated using a high-fidelity engine model. The proposed control strategy is able to capture the complex transient behaviours and achieve the optimum variable geometry turbine trajectories. This improved the turbocharger response time by more than 14% compared with a conventional proportional–integral–derivative controller, which cannot achieve target turbocharge speed in all cases. Furthermore, the calibration effort required can be significantly reduced, offering significant benefits for powertrain developers. It is expected that the structure of this transient control strategy can also be applied to complex air-path systems.
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Zhuge, W., Y. Zhang, X. Zheng, M. Yang, and Y. He. "Development of an advanced turbocharger simulation method for cycle simulation of turbocharged internal combustion engines." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 223, no. 5 (May 1, 2009): 661–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto975.
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An advanced turbocharger simulation method for engine cycle simulation was developed on the basis of the compressor two-zone flow model and the turbine mean-line flow model. The method can be used for turbocharger and engine integrated design without turbocharger test maps. The sensitivities of the simulation model parameters on turbocharger simulation were analysed to determine the key modelling parameters. The simulation method was validated against turbocharger test data. Results show that the methods can predict the turbocharger performance with a good accuracy, less than 5 per cent error in general for both the compressor and the turbine. In comparison with the map-based extrapolation methods commonly used in engine cycle simulation tools such as GT-POWER®, the turbocharger simulation method showed significant improvement in predictive accuracy to simulate the turbocharger performance, especially in low-flow and low-operating-speed conditions.
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M. Zuhal Fachri A, Wira Gauthama, and Zulham Hidayat. "Rancang Bangun Ignition System Untuk Turbocharger Gas Turbine Engine dengan Inducer Diameter 1,75 Inch." Langit Biru: Jurnal Ilmiah Aviasi 14, no. 02 (June 30, 2021): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.54147/langitbiru.v14i02.405.
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Turbocharger adalah sebuah kompresor sentrifugal yang mendapat daya dari turbin yang sumber tenaganya berasal dari gas buang mesin. Pada perancangan ini turbocharger digunakan sebagai pengganti dari fungsi compressor dan turbine. Target dalam perancangan ignition system ini adalah dapat menghasilkan percikan api yang kuat sehingga mampu membakar bahan bakar yang masuk kedalam ruang bakar. Dari hasil pehitungan, didapatkan bahwa energi yang diperlukan untuk membakar 0,013 kg/s gas LPG sebesar 0,164 kW dan energi yang dihasilkan dari rancang bangun ignition system sebesar 326,286 kW. Dari hasil perhitungan maka rancang bangun ignition system yang penulis rancang dapat memenuhi energi untuk membakar 0,0013 kg/s gas LPG. Pada proses uji coba turbocharger gas turbine engine didapatkan bahwa engine dapat menyala secara continuous.
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Pesiridis, Apostolos, and Ricardo F. Martinez-Botas. "Experimental Evaluation of Active Flow Control Mixed-Flow Turbine for Automotive Turbocharger Application." Journal of Turbomachinery 129, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2372778.
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In the current paper we introduce an innovative new concept in turbochargers—that of using active control at the turbine inlet with the aim of harnessing the highly dynamic exhaust gas pulse energy emanating at high frequency from an internal combustion engine, in order to increase the engine power output and reduce its exhaust emissions. Driven by the need to comply to increasingly strict emissions regulations as well as continually striving for better overall performance, the active control turbocharger is intended to provide a significant improvement over the current state of the art in turbocharging: the Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT). The technology consists of a system and method of operation, which regulate the inlet area to a turbocharger inlet, according to each period of engine exhaust gas pulse pressure fluctuation, thereby actively adapting to the characteristics of the high frequency, highly dynamic flow, thus taking advantage of the highly dynamic energy levels existent through each pulse, which the current systems do not take advantage of. In the Active (Flow) Control Turbocharger (ACT) the nozzle is able to adjust the inlet area at the throat of the turbine inlet casing through optimum amplitudes, at variable out-of-phase conditions and at the same frequency as that of the incoming exhaust stream pulses. Thus, the ACT makes better use of the exhaust gas energy of the engine than a conventional VGT. The technology addresses, therefore, for the first time the fundamental problem of the poor generic engine-turbocharger match, since all current state of the art systems in turbocharging are still passive receivers of this highly dynamic flow without being able to provide optimum turbine inlet geometry through each exhaust gas pulse period. The numerical simulation and experimental work presented in this paper concentrates on the potential gain in turbine expansion ratio and eventual power output as well as the corresponding effects on efficiency as a result of operating the turbocharger in its active control mode compared to its operation as a standard VGT.
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DANILECKI, Krzysztof. "Theoretical analysis of cooperation of a turbocharger with a sequentially turbocharged engine." Combustion Engines 136, no. 1 (February 1, 2009): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117225.
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The paper presents fundamentals characterising the operation of turbochargers and the dependencies essential for the calculation (the use of balance equations of a turbocharger this purpose) of the total efficiency of a compressor set with respect to the power balance of the respective devices of a turbine. For the assumed conditions of the engine operation – an optimum power distribution has been carried out on the basis of a theoretical analysis as far as the total efficiency is concerned in the compressor set and in the turbine set of a supercharging device. The required pressure drops in the turbine, essential to ensure the power in the compressor have been carried out with respect to the efficiency of each device.
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Alaviyoun, Seyed Shahabeddin, and Masoud Ziabasharhagh. "Experimental thermal survey of automotive turbocharger." International Journal of Engine Research 21, no. 5 (June 13, 2018): 766–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087418778987.
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Turbochargers are commonly used in the automotive industry due to their ability to increase the specific power output of internal combustion engines. Heat transfer from the turbine to the compressor can strongly influence the turbocharger performance. Therefore, it is essential to consider heat transfer properties of the turbochargers. Existing heat transfer models are generally limited to the specific situations on the turbocharger test rig or the engine test bench, which are different to the real conditions of engine operation in a vehicle. Accurate modeling and calculation of the heat transfer require a more precise measurement study. In this research, we evaluate the temperature distribution of the turbocharger walls using an engine test bench and also a vehicle that are both equipped with the same instrumented turbocharger. Thermocouple measurements and thermography pictures were used to determine the temperature distributions of the turbocharger. Different heat transfer phenomena of turbocharger have been measured and analyzed. In addition, the effect of heat transfer on compressor efficiency is investigated. Several tests have been conducted, including a vehicle on a flat surface and also during an uphill climb with a trailer load hitched. The results of vehicle warm-up test show that the compressor housing has a higher temperature gradient in comparison with the engine test bench. The velocity of the air around the turbocharger is a factor that contributed toward the differences between an engine test bench and typical vehicle conditions.
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Yin, Sheng, Jimin Ni, Houchuan Fan, Xiuyong Shi, and Rong Huang. "Study on Correction Method of Internal Joint Operation Curve Based on Unsteady Flow." Applied Sciences 12, no. 23 (November 23, 2022): 11943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122311943.
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The turbocharger, a key component in a vehicle’s powertrain, results in insufficient accuracy if it does not fully consider the unsteady flow effects of the intake and exhaust systems. Based on the difference between the turbocharger’s actual operating performance with unsteady flow and the corresponding steady flow performance, unsteady flow correction concepts and correction methods for the compressor and turbine were put forward, and the correction of the internal joint operation curve was investigated. The results show that when unsteady correction coefficients were added to both ends of the turbocharger and the optimized structure was used at both ends, the original turbocharger’s surge margin was reduced by 4.6% to 11.8%, and that of the optimized turbocharger was reduced by 15.2% to 21.9% in the medium–low-speed range. Meanwhile, the unsteady flow energy utilization coefficient of the optimized turbocharger was more than 14.5% higher than that of the original turbocharger in the medium–low speed range, and the energy utilization advantage was obvious. It indicated that the optimized turbocharger was working earlier, and the engine’s medium–low-speed admission performance has been obviously improved. Therefore, compared with the steady curve, the corrected unsteady curve was closer to the actual engine performance.
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Zhang, Han, Hua Chen, Chao Ma, and Feng Guo. "INVESTIGATION OF CONJUGATED HEAT TRANSFER FOR A RADIAL TURBINE WITH IMPINGEMENT COOLING." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2087, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2087/1/012037.
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Abstract Radial turbine is widely used in micro-turbines, turbochargers, small jet engines and expanders, and the pursue of high system efficiency has resulted in elevated turbine inlet temperatures for some of its applications, threatening its reliability. There are, however, few cooling studies on radial turbines. This paper studies the jet impingement cooling of a turbocharger radial turbine. A small amount of air (coolant), which could come from compressor discharge cooled by an intercooler, is injected through a few jet holes on the heat shield of the turbine onto the upper part of turbine backdisc, to cool the rotor blades and the backdisc. Parameters that may affect the cooling were studied by a Conjugated Heat Transfer (CHT) numerical simulation using steady flow calculations. The influences to the cooling effects by different coolant-to-turbine mass flow ratios, Coolant-to-turbine inlet temperature ratio, number of the jets etc. were analysed by a steady flow simulation. The simulation results show that, when four jet holes are placed at blade leading edge radius, using 1.0% ~ 3.0% of the main gas mass flow of coolant, the average temperature on leading edge, inducer hub and backdisc surface is reduced by 2K ~ 17K,27K ~ 65K and 51K ~ 70K respectively. Turbine efficiency is mostly reduced little over 1% point.
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Mohammad, Mahadhir, Meng Soon Chiong, Feng Xian Tan, Srithar Rajoo, and Muhammad Hanafi Md Sah. "Effect of adding ceramic thermal barrier coating on the turbocharger efficiency, external and internal heat transfer." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2217, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2217/1/012077.
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Abstract Turbocharger is a device installed on an internal combustion engine to boost its thermal efficiency. A turbocharger consists of three main components, namely the turbine, central housing, and compressor. The common material for commercial turbine housing is cast iron, for its lower cost yet resilience at elevated temperature. Given the high exhaust temperature a turbocharger is exposed to, energy loss in the form of heat transfer is inevitable. It is known to H turbine efficiency by up to 30%. This research aims to determine the turbocharger efficiency in the presence of thermal barrier coating (TBC) on the inner surface of turbine volute. Particularly, this work will focus on the internal and external heat transfer of the turbine and its impact on efficiency. The subject turbocharger is a commercial single-scroll vaneless unit commonly used in gasoline passenger vehicle. Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) is chosen as the TBC material, due to high melting point (around 2700°C), good thermal insulation property and very low thermal expansion compared to other ceramic materials. The YSZ was applied to the inner surface of turbine volute via plasma coating technique. However, due to the large disparity in thermal expansion between YSZ and cast iron, the TBC is prone to cracking at elevated exhaust temperature. Thus, an Inconel 718 turbine housing, with closer thermal expansion to YSZ, was refabricated for the use of this study The turbocharger performance was experimentally measured on the LoCARtic turbocharger gas stand. The turbine inlet temperature (TIT) was varied at 150, 350, 550, 650 and 750°C, while the compressor operating condition was maintained throughout the testing for equivalent comparison. From the result, the turbocharger efficiency drops when TIT is increased, and the turbine pressure ratio becomes lower. Overall, the external heat transfer loss is found to reduce 7% to 40% and no significant difference noticed on the internal heat transfer.
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Guarda, Gregory, Apostolos Pesyridis, and Ashish Alex Sam. "Preliminary Investigation of the Performance of an Engine Equipped with an Advanced Axial Turbocharger Turbine." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (October 23, 2020): 7452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217452.
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Stringent emission regulations and increased demand for improved fuel economy have called for advanced turbo technologies in automotive engines. The use of turbochargers on smaller engines is one such concept, but they are limited by a time delay in reaching the required boost during transient operation. The amount of turbocharger lag plays a key role in the driver’s perceived quality of a passenger vehicle’s engine response. This paper investigates an alternative method to the conventional design of a turbocharger turbine to improve the transient response of a passenger vehicle. The investigation utilises the Ford Eco-Boost 1.6 L petrol engine, an established production engine, equipped with a turbocharger of similar performance to the GT1548 produced by Honeywell. The commercially available Ricardo WAVE was used to model the engine. Comparing the steady-state performance showed that the axial turbine provides higher efficiencies at all operating conditions of an engine. The transient case demonstrated an improved transient response at all operating conditions of the engine. The study concluded that, by designing a similar sized axial turbine, the mass moment of inertia can be reduced by 12.64% and transient response can be improved on average by 11.76%, with a maximum of 21.05% improvement. This study provides encouragement for the wider application of this turbine type to vehicles operating on dynamic driving cycles such as passenger vehicles, light commercial vehicles, and certain off-road applications.
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Chung, Jaewoo, Siwon Lee, Namho Kim, Beumho Lee, Deokjin Kim, Seunghyun Choi, and Giyong Kim. "Study on the Effect of Turbine Inlet Temperature and Backpressure Conditions on Reduced Turbine Flow Rate Performance Characteristics and Correction Method for Automotive Turbocharger." Energies 12, no. 20 (October 17, 2019): 3934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203934.
Full textAbstract:
In actual vehicle operation, the turbocharger turbine operates at various temperatures, inlet, and backpressure conditions, unlike compressors. The flow rate characteristics of the turbine are generally evaluated under certain conditions using an assembled turbocharger with a compressor and a turbine and a hot gas bench from the turbocharger manufacturer. Flow rate characteristics are also presented as the reduced mass flow rate to correct the flow rate characteristics according to the turbine inlet temperature and pressure. Therefore, the turbine mass flow rate seen in many engine development cases and studies—including the analysis of the turbine performance and characteristics, engine model configuration, and matching of the engine and turbocharger—is calculated according to the reduced turbine mass flow rate performance and turbine inlet temperature and pressure obtained through hot gas bench experiments under certain conditions. However, the performance of the reduced turbine mass flow rate is influenced by the compressor power conditions, and additional correction of the reduced turbine mass flow rate is required when the turbine inlet temperature and turbine backpressure differ from the reference test conditions, such as the hot gas bench test conditions. In this study, the effect of the turbine inlet temperature and turbine backpressure on the performance of the reduced turbine mass flow rate were examined based on the power balance relationship between the compressor and turbine of an automotive turbocharger. The principle of its correction is also presented.
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Thombre, Mayuresh Subhash, and Prajyot Prakashrao Borkar. "Enhanced Response Turbocharger Using Motor/Generator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 467 (December 2013): 456–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.467.456.
Full textAbstract:
A turbocharger system which is used in an internal combustion engine and particularly suitable for use in an on-road vehicle is provided with a turbocharger including a turbine, a compressor and a turboshaft coupling the turbine and the compressor together. A turbo lag is produced in a turbocharger. A solution to this is mechanically coupling it to a motor/generator (motor which acts as a generator when required); storing the power in battery when boost available exceeds the required boost; and rotating the turbocharger shaft using motor during insufficient turbocharger boost. The turbocharger provides a compact and efficient method of storing energy in the battery during excess period of turbocharger boost, and retrieving energy from the battery (using motor) during periods of insufficient turbocharger boost.
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Becze, Sigismund, and Gheorghe Ioan Vuscan. "Comparison study between two types of nozzles for a turbocharger balancing machine using ANSYS software." MATEC Web of Conferences 299 (2019): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929904007.
Full textAbstract:
Turbocharger balancing machines require a specific tooling for spinning the center housing rotating assembly, in order to balance it dynamically. The tooling requires a nozzle to guide the air to the blades of the turbine wheel in order to spin it. Depending on the type of nozzle chosen, the maximum rotational speed achieved and the acceleration curve can be different. In today?s market there is anincreasing demand for a higher turbocharger speed, generally driven by the demand for engine downsizing and for a higher performance. Due to that, turbochargers need to be better balanced, thus requiring a wider measurement range of the unbalanced in order to see how the part performs in all its working range. Consequently, the nozzles used by turbocharger balancing machines need to be verified at a higher speed limit.
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Kitamura, T., T. Hoshi, and M. Ebisu. "Analytical study on a turbine housing with inner insulation structure for rapid catalyst light-off." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2217, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2217/1/012079.
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Abstract The analytical study on a turbine housing with inner insulation structure has been conducted for rapid light-off of a catalyst unit, which is located at the downstream side of turbochargers. CHT (Conjugate Heat Transfer) calculations, working for simulating heat transfer with mutual dependence between solid structures and fluid, are applied to the turbocharger including the turbine section, the bearing housing and the catalyst unit to evaluate the time reduction for activation of the catalyst unit. Feasible inner-insulation structures to be installed in the turbine housing have been also designed. Eventually, the inner-insulated turbine housing has been proven highly effective for rapid catalyst light-off.
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Boretti, Albert. "Super Turbocharging the Direct Injection Diesel engine." Nonlinear Engineering 7, no. 1 (March 26, 2018): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nleng-2017-0067.
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Abstract The steady operation of a turbocharged diesel direct injection (TDI) engine featuring a variable speed ratio mechanism linking the turbocharger shaft to the crankshaft is modelled in the present study. Key parameters of the variable speed ratio mechanism are range of speed ratios, efficiency and inertia, in addition to the ability to control relative speed and flow of power. The device receives energy from, or delivers energy to, the crankshaft or the turbocharger. In addition to the pistons of the internal combustion engine (ICE), also the turbocharger thus contributes to the total mechanical power output of the engine. The energy supply from the crankshaft is mostly needed during sharp accelerations to avoid turbo-lag, and to boost torque at low speeds. At low speeds, the maximum torque is drastically improved, radically expanding the load range. Additionally, moving closer to the points of operation of a balanced turbocharger, it is also possible to improve both the efficiency η, defined as the ratio of the piston crankshaft power to the fuel flow power, and the total efficiency η*, defined as the ratio of piston crankshaft power augmented of the power from the turbocharger shaft to the fuel flow power, even if of a minimal extent. The energy supply to the crankshaft is possible mostly at high speeds and high loads, where otherwise the turbine could have been waste gated, and during decelerations. The use of the energy at the turbine otherwise waste gated translates in improvements of the total fuel conversion efficiency η* more than the efficiency η. Much smaller improvements are obtained for the maximum torque, yet again moving closer to the points of operation of a balanced turbocharger. Adopting a much larger turbocharger (target displacement x speed 30% larger than a conventional turbocharger), better torque outputs and fuel conversion efficiencies η* and η are possible at every speed vs. the engine with a smaller, balanced turbocharger. This result motivates further studies of the mechanism that may considerably benefit traditional powertrains based on diesel engines.
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Lei, Lin, Ming-ze Ding, Hong-wei Hu, Yun-xiao Gao, Hai-lin Xiong, and Wei Wang. "Structural Strength and Reliability Analysis of Important Parts of Marine Diesel Engine Turbocharger." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (April 19, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5547762.
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Supercharging is the main method to improve the output power of marine diesel engines. Nowadays, most marine diesel engines use turbocharging technology, which increases the air pressure and density into the cylinder and the amount of fuel injected correspondingly so as to achieve the purpose of improving the power. In a marine diesel engine, the turbocharger has become an indispensable part. The performance of turbochargers in a harsh working environment of high temperature and high pressure for a long time will directly affect the performance of diesel engine. Based on the market feedback data from manufacturers, the failure modes of compressor impeller, turbine blade, and turbine disk of marine diesel turbocharger are analyzed, and the statistical model of random factors is established. Using DOE design, the structural strength simulation data of 46 compressors and 62 turbines are obtained, and the response surface model is constructed. On this basis, Monte Carlo sampling is carried out to analyze the reliability of the compressor and turbine. The reliability of the compressor is good, while that of the turbine disk is 0.943 and that of the turbine blade is 0.96, which still has the potential of reliability optimization space. Therefore, a multiobjective optimization method based on the NSGA-II genetic algorithm is proposed to obtain the multiobjective optimization scheme data with the reliability and processing cost of turbine disk and blade as the objective function. After optimization, the reliability of turbine disk and blade is 1, the stress value of turbine blade is optimized by 4.7941%, the stress value of turbine disk is optimized by 3.0136%, the machining cost of the turbine blade is reduced by 15.5087%, and the machining cost of turbine disk is reduced by 3.9907%. At the same time, it is verified by simulation, the data based on NSGA-II multiobjective genetic algorithm are more accurate and have practical engineering reference value. The optimized data based on NSGA-II multiobjective genetic algorithm are used to manufacture new turbine samples, and the accelerated test of simulation samples is carried out. The cycle life of the optimized turbine can reach 101,697 cycles and 118,687 cycles, which is 51.75% and 77.11% longer than that of the unoptimized turbine. It can be seen that the optimized turbine can meet the requirements of the reliability index while reducing the manufacturing cost.
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Wang, Zhihui, Chaochen Ma, Hang Zhang, and Fei Zhu. "A novel pulse-adaption flow control method for a turbocharger turbine: Elastically restrained guide vane." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 234, no. 13 (March 2, 2020): 2581–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406220908623.
Full textAbstract:
A turbocharger is a key enabler for energy conservation in an internal combustion engine. The turbine in a turbocharger is fed by highly pulsating gas flow due to the reciprocating engine, resulting in significant deterioration of the turbocharger performance. To solve this problem, a novel pulse-optimized regulation mechanism named ‘elastically restrained guide vane’ for a novel variable geometry turbocharger is proposed in this paper. The new mechanism regulates the instantaneous flow angle at turbine inlet due to guide vane's self-adaptive rotation under interactions of the elastic force by elastically restrained guide vane and the aerodynamic force from flowing gas, which is different from the traditional variable geometry turbocharger that is achieved by an active control system (e.g. actuator). To investigate the effectiveness of the novel method, a double-passage computational fluid dynamics model is built in ANSYS CFX software combined with a fluid-structure interaction method. The results demonstrate that the pulse-adaptive regulation method can effectively adjust the nozzle opening according to the different pulsating pressures at turbine inlet. Subsequently, based on the calibrated models, the numerical simulation concentrates on the potential gain in turbine eventual power output and the exhaust energy recover as well as the corresponding effects on efficiency as a result of operating the turbocharger in its elastically restrained guide vane mode compared to its operation as a conventional variable geometry turbocharger.
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Tetsui, Toshimitsu. "Development of a Second Generation TiAl Turbocharger." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.379.
Full textAbstract:
In order to expand a market share of TiAl turbocharger a second generation TiAl turbocharger was newly developed. The characteristic of this turbocharger is its improved turbine wheel material with excellent creep strength and its low cost manufacturing processes. The usable temperature of this turbocharger is higher than Inconel713C turbocharger, and the cost is much reduced compared with current TiAl turbocharger.
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Yang, Mingyang, Ricardo F. Martinez-Botas, Srithar Rajoo, Seiichi Ibaraki, Takao Yokoyama, and Kangyao Deng. "Unsteady behaviours of a volute in turbocharger turbine under pulsating conditions." Journal of the Global Power and Propulsion Society 1 (November 3, 2017): 3IOUWM. http://dx.doi.org/10.22261/3iouwm.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Turbochargers are currently in their prime utilization period, which pushes for performance enhancement from conventional turbochargers and more often than not revisiting its design methodology. A turbocharger turbine is subjected to pulsating flow, and how this feeds a steady flow design volute is a topic of interest for performance enhancement. This article investigates unsteady effects on flow characteristics in the volute of a turbine under pulsating flow conditions by numerical method validated by experimental measurement. A single pulse with sinusoidal shape is imposed at the turbine inlet for the investigation on unsteady behaviours. First, pulse propagation of different flow parameters along the volute passage, including pressure, temperature and mass flow rate, is studied by the validated numerical method. Next, the unsteady effect of the pulsating flow on the flow angle upstream the rotor inlet is confirmed by simulation results. The mechanism of this unsteady effect is then studied by an analytical model, and two factors for flow angle distributions are clearly demonstrated: the configuration of the volute A/Rc and the unsteady effect that resulted from mass imbalance. This article demonstrates unsteady behaviours of the turbine volute under pulsating conditions, and the mechanism is discussed in details, which can lead to the improvement of volute design methodology tailoring for pulsating flow conditions.
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Zeng, Tao, and Guoming G. Zhu. "Control-oriented turbine power model for a variable-geometry turbocharger." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, no. 4 (May 14, 2017): 466–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017702996.
Full textAbstract:
A control-oriented model for the variable-geometry turbocharger is critical for model-based variable-geometry turbocharger control design. Typically, the variable-geometry turbocharger turbine power is modeled with a fixed mechanical efficiency of the turbocharger on the assumption of an isentropic process. The fixed-efficiency approach is an oversimplification and may lead to modeling errors because of an overpredicted or underpredicted compressor power. This leads to the use of lookup-table-based approaches for defining the mechanical efficiency of the turbocharger. Unfortunately, since the vane position of a variable-geometry turbocharger introduces a third dimension into these maps, real-time implementation requires three-dimensional interpolations with increased complexity. Map-based approaches offer greater fidelity in comparison with the fixed-efficiency approach but may introduce additional errors due to interpolation between the maps and extrapolation to extend the operational range outside the map. Interpolation errors can be managed by using dense maps with extensive flow bench testing; smooth extrapolation is necessary when the turbine is operated outside the mapped region, e.g. in low-flow and low-speed conditions. Extending the map to this region requires very precise flow control and measurement using a motor-driven compressor, which currently is not a standard test procedure. In this paper, a physics-based control-oriented model of the turbine power and the associated power loss is proposed and developed, where the turbine efficiency is modeled as a function of both the vane position of the variable-geometry turbocharger and the speed of the turbine shaft. As a result, the proposed model eliminates the interpolation errors with smooth extension to operational conditions outside typically mapped regions.
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Trenc, F., F. Bizjan, and A. Hribernik. "Influence of the Exhaust System on Performance of a 4-Cylinder Supercharged Engine." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 120, no. 4 (October 1, 1998): 855–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2818478.
Full textAbstract:
Twin entry radial turbines are mostly used to drive compressors of small and medium size 6-cylinder diesel engines where the available energy of the undisturbed exhaust pulses can be efficiently used to drive the turbine of a turbocharger. Three selected cylinders feed two separated manifold branches and two turbine inlets and prevent negative interaction of pressure waves and its influence on the scavenging process of the individual cylinders. In the case of a four-stroke, 4-cylinder engine, two selected cylinders, directed by the firing order, can be connected to one (of the two) separated manifold branches that feeds one turbine entry. Good utilization of the pressure pulse energy, together with typically longer periods of reduced exhaust flow can lead to good overall efficiency of the “two-pulse” system. Sometimes this system can be superior to the single manifold system with four cylinders connected to one singleentry turbine. The paper describes advantages and disadvantages of the above described exhaust systems applied to a turbocharged and aftercooled 4-cylinder Diesel engine. Comparisons supported by the analyses of the numerical and experimental results are also given in the presented paper.
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Usai, Vittorio, Carla Cordalonga, and Silvia Marelli. "Experimental evaluation of isentropic efficiency in turbocharger twin-entry turbines." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2385, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2385/1/012135.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Turbocharging plays a fundamental role not only in improving the performance of automotive engines, but also in reducing the fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of spark-ignited biofuel, diesel, liquid, and gaseous engines. Dedicated experimental investigations on turbochargers are therefore needed to evaluate a better understanding of its performance. The availability of experimental information on the steady flow performance of the turbocharger is an essential requirement to optimize the matching calculation. It is interesting to know the isentropic efficiency of the turbine in order to improve the coupling with the engine, in particular it is difficult to identify the definition of the turbine efficiency through a direct evaluation. In a radial turbine, the isentropic efficiency, evaluated directly starting from the measurement of the thermodynamic quantities at the inlet and outlet sections, can be affected by significant errors. This inaccuracy is mainly related to the incorrect evaluation of the turbine outlet temperature, due to the non-uniform distribution of the flow field in the measurement section. For this purpose, a flow conditioner was installed downstream the turbine. Tests were performed at different values of the rotational speed, and in quasi-adiabatic conditions. The flow field downstream the de-coupler was analysed through a hand-made three-hole probe with an exposed junction thermocouple inserted in the pipe with different protrusions. Thanks to this experimental campaign, it was possible to measure pressure, velocity, mass flow and temperature profiles necessary to examine the homogeneity of the flow field. As the turbocharger is fitted with a twin entry turbine, the thermodynamic quantities have been properly taken into account referring to each sector.
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Ramesh, K., BVSSS Prasad, and K. Sridhara. "A comparative study of the performance of the mixed flow and radial flow variable geometry turbines for an automotive turbocharger." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 8 (September 10, 2018): 2696–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406218796043.
Full textAbstract:
A new design of a mixed flow variable geometry turbine is developed for the turbocharger used in diesel engines having the cylinder capacity from 1.0 to 1.5 L. An equivalent size radial flow variable geometry turbine is considered as the reference for the purpose of bench-marking. For both the radial and mixed flow turbines, turbocharger components are manufactured and a test rig is developed with them to carry out performance analysis. Steady-state turbine experiments are conducted with various openings of the nozzle vanes, turbine speeds, and expansion ratios. Typical performance parameters like turbine mass flow parameter, combined turbine efficiency, velocity ratio, and specific speed are compared for both mixed flow variable geometry turbine and radial flow variable geometry turbine. The typical value of combined turbine efficiency (defined as the product of isentropic efficiency and the mechanical efficiency) of the mixed flow variable geometry turbine is found to be about 25% higher than the radial flow variable geometry turbine at the same mass flow parameter of 1425 kg/s √K/bar m2 at an expansion ratio of 1.5. The velocity ratios at which the maximum combined turbine efficiency occurs are 0.78 and 0.825 for the mixed flow variable geometry turbine and radial flow variable geometry turbine, respectively. The values of turbine specific speed for the mixed flow variable geometry turbine and radial flow variable geometry turbine respectively are 0.88 and 0.73.
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Tiseira Izaguirre, Andrés Omar, Roberto Navarro García, Lukas Benjamin Inhestern, and Natalia Hervás Gómez. "Design and Numerical Analysis of Flow Characteristics in a Scaled Volute and Vaned Nozzle of Radial Turbocharger Turbines." Energies 13, no. 11 (June 7, 2020): 2930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112930.
Full textAbstract:
Over the past few decades, the aerodynamic improvements of turbocharger turbines contributed significantly to the overall efficiency augmentation and the advancements in downsizing of internal combustion engines. Due to the compact size of automotive turbochargers, the experimental measurement of the complex internal aerodynamics has been insufficiently studied. Hence, turbine designs mostly rely on the results of numerical simulations and the validation of zero-dimensional parameters as efficiency and reduced mass flow. To push the aerodynamic development even further, a precise validation of three-dimensional flow patterns predicted by applied computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods is in need. This paper presents the design of an up-scaled volute-stator model, which allows optical experimental measurement techniques. In a preliminary step, numerical results indicate that the enlarged geometry will be representative of the flow patterns and characteristic non-dimensional numbers at defined flow sections of the real size turbine. Limitations due to rotor-stator interactions are highlighted. Measurement sections of interest for available measurement techniques are predefined.
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Kannan, Ramesh, BVSSS Prasad, and Sridhara Koppa. "Transient performance of the mixed flow and radial flow variable geometry turbines for an automotive turbocharger." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 234, no. 19 (April 15, 2020): 3762–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406220916493.
Full textAbstract:
In our previous paper, the steady-state test results of a mixed flow turbine with variable nozzle vanes for a turbocharger are reported. In this paper, the transient response of the same mixed flow turbine along with that of a similarly sized radial flow turbine is presented. The turbine size is suitable for handling the flow capacity of the diesel engines with swept volume up to 1.5 L. The previous experimental test set up is modified by adding a quick-release valve – actuation system before the turbine inlet to obtain a transient response. The radial and mixed flow turbines are tested for different turbine inlet pressures and for various opening positions of the nozzle vanes while matching the turbine mass flow parameters between radial and mixed flow turbines. Typically at nozzle vane openings corresponding to 50% mass flow parameter and 1.5 bar (abs) pressure at the inlet to the turbine, the transient response time for the turbine with mixed flow variable nozzle vanes configuration is about 0.770 s, as compared to 0.858 s for the turbine with radial flow variable nozzle vanes configuration.
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Wang, Zheng, A. Na Wang, Kai Guo, Li Zhuang, and Lin Hua. "Method for Determining the Reliable Life Parameter of Turbine Wheel of Turbocharger with Over-Speed Failure Mode." Advanced Materials Research 544 (June 2012): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.544.251.
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For the over-speed failure mode, the method for determining the reliable life parameter of turbine wheel of turbocharger is proposed in this paper. The shortage of design criteria based on conventional safety factor for turbine wheel with over-speed failure mode is analyzed. In order to embody the characteristics of structure and over-speed failure mode, the turbine wheel is taken as a series system consisting of several blade symmetrical components in the reliability modeling process. The time-reliability models of turbine wheel are derived and the relationship between the reliability and failure rate of turbine wheel and life parameter is studied. Then, the method for determining the reliable life parameter of turbine wheel of turbocharger with over-speed failure mode is proposed based on the reliability model and reliability curve. As long as the design parameters including the number of blades, speed, stress, and strength are given, the reliable life of turbine wheel of turbocharger with over-speed failure mode can be determined with the method proposed.
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Serrano, José R., Pablo Olmeda, Francisco J. Arnau, and Vishnu Samala. "A holistic methodology to correct heat transfer and bearing friction losses from hot turbocharger maps in order to obtain adiabatic efficiency of the turbomachinery." International Journal of Engine Research 21, no. 8 (March 14, 2019): 1314–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087419834194.
Full textAbstract:
Turbocharger performance maps provided by manufacturers are usually far from the assumption of reproducing the isentropic performance. The reason being, those maps are usually measured using a hot gas stand. The definition of the effective turbocharger efficiency maps include the mechanical losses and heat transfer that has occurred during the gas stand test for the turbine maps and only the heat transfer for the compressor maps. Thus, a turbocharger engine model that uses these maps provides accurate results only when simulating turbocharger operative conditions similar to those at which the maps are recorded. However, for some critical situations such as Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Cycles (WLTC) driving cycle or off-design conditions, it is difficult to ensure this assumption. In this article, an internal and external heat transfer model combined with mechanical losses model, both previously developed and calibrated, has been used as an original tool to ascertain a calculation procedure to obtain adiabatic maps from diabatic standard turbocharger maps. The turbocharger working operative conditions at the time of map measurements and geometrical information of the turbocharger are necessary to discount both effects precisely. However, the maps from turbocharger manufacturers do not include all required information. These create additional challenges to develop the procedure to obtain approximated adiabatic maps making some assumptions based on SAE standards for non-available data. A sensitivity study has been included in this article to check the validity of the hypothesis proposed by changing the values of parameters which are not included in the map data. The proposed procedure becomes a valuable tool either for Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) to parameterize turbocharger performance accurately for benchmarking and turbocharged engine design or to turbocharger manufacturers to provide much-appreciated information of their performance maps.
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Capata, Roberto, and Enrico Sciubba. "Study, Development and Prototyping of a Novel Mild Hybrid Power Train for a City Car: Design of the Turbocharger." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010234.
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Within a large, state-funded, Italian National Project aimed to test the feasibility of an on-the-road prototype of a mild hybrid city vehicle, one of the tasks was to conceive, design and implement an innovative turbocharger that would allow for some energy recovery. The selected vehicle is propelled by a 3-cylinder, 998 cc turbocharged engine (the 66 kW Mitsubishi-Smart W451). The idea is to implement two types of energy recovery: one via the new turbocharger and one through a standard braking energy recovery (also known as KERS). The study of the former is the object of this paper. The proposed turbocharger configuration consists of mechanically separated, electrically coupled compressor and turbine, possibly mounting only slightly modified commercial equipment to reduce construction costs. This paper reports the results of the calculation of the behavior of the new turbocharging group across the entire engine operating range and describes the preliminary design of the unit. An accurate simulation of a mixed (urban and extra-urban) driving mission demonstrates that a net saving of about 5.6% can be attained by the installation of the novel turbocharger unit.
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Sepfitrah. "Analisis Efisiensi Sistem Turbocharger pada Engine PLTMG 20 MW Berdasarkan Konsumsi Udara." Jurnal Surya Teknika 9, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37859/jst.v9i2.4397.
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Turbocharging system efficiency is a comparison between turbocharging efficiency and turbocharger efficiency. This study analyzes the performance of the ABB 140 and TCR 18 turbochargers on two JGS 620 series F111 gas engines for 3000 hours of operation. The analysis will be carried out based on the specific airflow consumption of the JGS 620 series F111 gas engine. The specific air flow consumption is obtained based on calculations, the ABB A140 turbocharger consumes an average of 0.2% more air than the TCR 18 turbocharger. This condition results in a higher output power on engine 2 on average of 2516.84 kW, compared to the output power engine 1 on average of 2402.72 kW. Based on the calculation of the conduction ratio, the average air consumption on engine 2 is less than engine 1 by 0.41%. The turbocharging efficiency value on the turbine engine 2 side is disrupted at 1700 and 2500 hours of operation. This is due to the disturbance on the turbocharger compressor side of the incoming airflow. The efficiency of the turbocharging system on engine 1 has a value of 79.77%, while on engine 2 it is 77.99%.
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Piscaglia, Federico, Angelo Onorati, Silvia Marelli, and Massimo Capobianco. "A detailed one-dimensional model to predict the unsteady behavior of turbocharger turbines for internal combustion engine applications." International Journal of Engine Research 20, no. 3 (January 19, 2018): 327–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087417752525.
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This article describes an investigation of the unsteady behavior of turbocharger turbines by one-dimensional modeling and experimental analysis. A one-dimensional model has been developed to predict the performance of a vaneless radial-inflow turbine submitted to unsteady flow conditions. Different from other approaches proposed in the literature, the turbine has been simulated by separating the effects of casing and rotor on the unsteady flow and by modeling the multiple rotor entries from the volute. This is a simple and effective way to represent the turbine volute by a network of one-dimensional pipes, in order to capture the mass storage effect due to the system volume, as well as the circumferential variation of fluid dynamic conditions along the volute, responsible for variable admittance of mass into the rotor through blade passages. The method developed is described, and the accuracy of the one-dimensional model is shown by comparing predicted results with measured data, achieved on a test rig dedicated to the investigation of automotive turbochargers. The validation of the code is presented and an analysis of the flow unsteadiness, based on a variety of parameters, is proposed.
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Schorn, Norbert A. "The Radial Turbine for Small Turbocharger Applications: Evolution and Analytical Methods for Twin-Entry Turbine Turbochargers." SAE International Journal of Engines 7, no. 3 (April 1, 2014): 1422–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-1647.
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Zimmermann, R., R. Baar, and C. Biet. "Determination of the isentropic turbine efficiency due to adiabatic measurements and the validation of the conditions via a new criterion." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 232, no. 24 (September 21, 2016): 4485–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406216670683.
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The determination of the isentropic turbine efficiency under adiabatic and SAE boundary conditions is studied in this paper. The study is structured into two parts. The first part describes the possibility of measuring the isentropic turbine efficiency directly. Normally this is not possible in measurements conducted following the SAE J922 guidelines. Therefore, the experiments have been carried out under adiabatic conditions, and combined with improved measuring equipment. The results were compared with adiabatic computational fluid dynamics simulations of this turbocharger. In the second part, a new criterion is defined in order to evaluate the quality of the adiabatic measurements and compare them with standard measurements. The investigation has been carried out with multiple turbochargers ranging from very small to medium passenger car size turbochargers. In the end, a possible application for the criterion is given.
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Danov, Stan N., and Ashwanti K. Gupta. "Modeling the Performance Characteristics of Diesel Engine Based Combined-Cycle Power Plants—Part I: Mathematical Model." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 126, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1635396.
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In this two-part series publication, a mathematical model of the energy conversion process in a diesel engine based combined-cycle power plant has been developed. The examined configuration consists of a turbocharged diesel engine (the topping cycle), a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) and a steam turbine plant (the bottoming cycle). The mathematical model describes the processes that occur simultaneously in the diesel engine cylinders, turbocharger, air filter, air inlet pipes, exhaust pipes, HRSG, steam turbine, and the associated auxiliary equipment. The model includes nonlinear differential equations for modeling the energy conversion in the diesel engine cylinders, fuel combustion, gas exchange process, energy balance in the turbocharger, inlet pipes and exhaust system, heat balance in the HRSG, and steam turbine cycle. The fifth-order Kuta-Merson method has been applied for numerical solution of these simultaneous equations via an iterative computing procedure. The model is then used to provide an analysis of performance characteristics of the combined-cycle power plant for steady-state operation. The effect of change in the major operating variables (mutual operation of diesel engine, HRSG, and steam turbine) has been analyzed over a range of operating conditions, including the engine load and speed. The model validation and the applications of the model are presented in Part II (Results and Applications) of this two-part series publication.
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McDougall, J., R. Knuteson, M. Stevenson, and F. Schmidt. "Evaluation of a Turbocharger Turbine Wheel." Microscopy and Microanalysis 17, S2 (July 2011): 1746–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927611009603.
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Al-Hasan, Nisar, Ralf Böning, Daniel Kraus, and Ivo Sandor. "Gasoline Turbocharger with Variable Turbine Technology." MTZ worldwide 79, no. 1 (December 8, 2017): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38313-017-0143-5.
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Pacoň, Lukáš, Oldřich Vítek, Vít Doleček, Jan Macek, and Jindřich Hořenín. "Prediction of Pulsating Turbine Operation Using 1-D - 3-D Co-Simulation." Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering 72, no. 3 (November 1, 2022): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2022-0043.
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Abstract This paper describes a possible approach of designing an unconventional turbocharger using co-simulation method. Our goal is to design turbochargers running optimally during pulsating and transient modes. It means to develop a tool capable of co-simulation between 3-D and 1-D CFD. This tool must be fast and precise enough and provide a reliable result. Influence of a coarse mesh versus fine mesh was examined. Different time step size was applied to determine calculation sensitivity. Different types of turbines were tested.
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Danlos, A., P. Podevin, M. Deligant, A. Clenci, P. Punov, and S. Guilain. "Turbocharger surge behavior for sudden valve closing downstream the compressor and effect of actuating variable nozzle turbine." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 960, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/960/1/012013.
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Abstract Surge is an unstable phenomenon appearing when a valve closing reduces the compressor flow rate. This phenomenon is avoided for automotive turbochargers by defining a surge margin during powertrain system design. This surge margin established with measurements in steady state testing regime limits the maximal engine torque at low levels of output. An active control of the compressor could reduce the surge margin and facilitate a transient compressor operation for a short time in surge zone. In this paper, an experimental study of the transient operation of a turbocharger compressor entering the surge zone is performed. Control of the turbocharger speed is sought to avoid unsteady operation using the variable geometry turbine (VGT) nozzle actuator. From a given stable operating point, surge is induced by reducing the opening of a valve located downstream of the compressor air circuit. The effect of reducing the speed of rotation by controlling the VGT valve is investigated, as this should lead to more stable compressor operation. The rotation speed of the turbocharger is controlled to avoid an unstable operating point using servo-actuator of variable geometry turbine. From a stable operating point, the surge appearance is caused by closing a butterfly valve downstream the air circuit of the compressor. The effect on the compressor rotation speed when the opening of variable geometry turbocharger valve is modified is studied. Measurements have been conducted for different control profiles of the VGT valve placed downstream the compressor. This article presents the means used to carry out these tests as well as the results of the measurements of the instantaneous signals of pressure, temperature, flow rate and rotation speed, allowing the analysis of the surge phenomenon.