Journal articles: 'Turbo spin echo (TSE)'

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Goo, Eun-Hoe, and Sung-Soo Kim. "Evaluating the Quality of Optimal MRCP Image Using RT-2D-Compressed SENSE(CS)Turbo Spin Echo: Comparing Respiratory Triggering(RT)-2D-SENSE Turbo Spin Echo and Breath Hold-2D-Single-Shot Turbo Spin Echo." Tomography 8, no. 3 (May 22, 2022): 1374–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tomography8030111.

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This study aimed to select the pulse sequence providing the optimal MRCP image quality by applying various reduction and denoising level parameters—which could improve image quality and shorten examination time—to BH-2D-SSh TSE, RT- 2D-SENSE TSE, and RT-2D-Compressed SENSE(CS) TSE and then comparing and analyzing the obtained images. This study was carried out using 30 subjects (15 men and 15 women with a mean age of 53 ± 8.76 years) who underwent an MRCP test using 3.0T MRI equipment. These 30 subjects were composed of 20 patients (CHDD: 7; LC: 6; and IPMN: 7) and 10 volunteers without a disease. When the CS technique was used, five reduction values (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, and 1.5) were used and four denoising levels (No, Weak, Medium, and Strong) were used. The existing SENSE method was based on a reduction value of 1, and other parameters were set the same. The image data of BH-2D-SSh TSE, RT-2D-SENSE TSE, and RT-CS-2D TSE used for the analysis were acquired in the coronal plane, and the acquired data underwent MIP post-processing for analysis. To compare these techniques, SNR and CNR were measured for six biliary duct images for the purpose of quantitative analysis, and qualitative analysis was performed on the sharpness of the duct, the overall quality of the image, and the motion artifact. The results of the quantitative and standard analyses showed that the RT-2D-CS TSE technique had the highest results for all IPMN, LC, and CHDD diseases (p < 0.05). Moreover, SNR and CNR were the highest when the reduction value was set to 1.3 and the denoising level was set to medium as the CS setting values (p < 0.05). Compared with the conventional RT-2D-SENSE TSE, the test time decreased by 20% and SNR and CNR increased by 14% on average. When conducting RT-2D-CS TSE, we found that it shortened the examination time and improved the image quality compared to the existing RT-2D-SENSE TSE. Unlike previous studies, this study using the RT technique shows that it is a useful MRI Pulse Sequence technique able to replace the BH-2D-SSh TSE and BH-3D-SENSE GRASE techniques, which require the patient to hold their breath during the test.

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Trattnig, S., M. Breitenseher, G. Kontaxis, T. Helbich, T. Rand, and H. Imhof. "Grase: Ultra-fast turbo gradient spin-echo sequence." Acta Radiologica 38, no. 5 (September 1997): 880–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841859709172429.

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Purpose: Ultra-fast gradient and spin-echo (GRASE) imaging is a hybrid of turbo spin-echo (TSE) and echo-planar imaging (EPI). One scan consists of several spinechoes (SEs) (turbo factor, TF), each of which consists of a number of gradient echoes (EPI factor, EF). The aim of our study was to evaluate different combinations of TF and EF in GRASE imaging and to test its usefulness in musculoskeletal imaging. Material and Methods: On a 1.0 T MR unit, 11 GRASE sequences with different combinations of TF and EF (TR/TE 2150/120 ms) were evaluated in phantom studies with respect to signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, nonuniformity of images, and geometrical distortion. From this study, the optimal GRASE-sequence was applied to 25 patients with different joint pathologies and compared to a T2-weighted TSE sequence (TR/TE 2855/130 ms). Lesion visualization, conspicuity, overall image quality, and artifacts were qualitatively analyzed by two observers independently of each other. Results: With respect to S/N ratio, signal nonuniformity, and geometrical distortion, the GRASE sequence with TF/EF 7/3 (S/N 47; signal nonuniformity 11.7%; distortion 1 pixel) proved to be superior to the other GRASE sequences within a scanning time of less than 120s. In a clinical study, the GRASE sequence proved superior to T2-weighted TSE (without fat suppression) in the visualization of bone-marrow and soft-tissue lesions ( p < 0.001) and ligamentous injuries, although the image quality was inferior.

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Ettorre, G. C., P. D'Aprile, N. Medicamento, P. Spagnolo, M. Stefanelli, and A. Carella. "Anatomia del labirinto cocleo-vestibolare Tecnica di studio RM con sequenze 3D Turbo Spin Echo." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 11, no. 4 (August 1998): 507–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140099801100410.

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La letteratura più recente ha dimostrato l'alta affidabilità diagnostica delle tecniche RM ad alta risoluzione nello studio dell'osso temporale. Lo sviluppo di sequenze 3D Turbo Spin Echo (TSE) con sezioni fino a 0,4 mm consente un elevato dettaglio anatomico anche tridimensionale del labirinto cocleo-vestibolare. L'utilizzo di idonee bobine di superficie centrate sulla regione dell'osso temporale e l'impiego di adeguati parametri di acquisizione permette di ottenere la migliore risoluzione spaziale e di contrasto, rendendo le sequenze TSE elettive soprattutto nello studio della patologia malformativa dell'orecchio interno. Tali sequenze sono preferibili alle Spin Echo tradizionali o alle sequenze Gradient Echo (CISS, GRASS etc.) per la minore incidenza di artefatti da suscettibilità magnetica dovuti alle innumerevoli interfaccie osso-aria dell'osso temporale e per la più elevata risoluzione spaziale e il più elevato rapporto segnale/rumore che esse offrono. Infine le sequenze TSE con TR e TF (Turbo Factor) molto alti consen-teno di ottenere un elevato contrasto liquor/nervi cranici che decorrono nel meato acustico interno.

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Yuniar, Adilfi Amalia, Dartini Dartini, Rasyid Rasyid, Bagus Dwi Handoko, and Nanang Sulaksono. "Perbandingan Informasi Citra Potongan Axial T2 Antara Turbo Spin Echo (TSE) Dengan Half-Fourier Aquisition Single-Shot Turbo Spin Echo (HASTE) Pada Pemeriksaan Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)." Jurnal Imejing Diagnostik (JImeD) 7, no. 2 (July 31, 2021): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31983/jimed.v7i2.7464.

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Backgroud: MRCP is a non-invasive imaging examination, which is used for the evaluation of biliary tract, pancreatic duct, and gallbladder. Pulse sequences which can be used to visualize organs in MRCP on T2 weighting is using a fast pulse sequences such as sequences TSE or Haste. The purpose of this research was to knowing the difference image information between T2 axial TSE with Haste and where better to use between the two sequences on axial T2 MRCP examination.Methods: This type of research is experimental observational approach, it has been carried out in the best MRI 1.5 Tesla at RSU Haji Surabaya. Sample used were 5 patients. Each patient performed two pieces of axial T2 sequences in which the TSE and Haste. Furthermore, the image submitted to the three doctors radiologist to fill out a questionnaire that has been provided to assess the image consisting of the liver, gallbladder, common bile duct (CBD), pancreas, intrahepatic duct and an assessment of the artifacts.Results: The results of analytical assessment Wilcoxon test, for the entire anatomy with ρ value of 0.002 which means that ρ 0.05, and the artifacts show the ρ value of 0.006, which means ρ 0.05. This proves that there are differences in image information between T2 axial TSE with T2 axial Haste the MRCP examination. At each of anatomy, liver has ρ value of 0,071 (ρ 0.05), gallbladder has ρ value of 0.317 (ρ 0.05), CBD has ρ value of 0.003 (ρ 0.05), pancreas has ρ value of 0.014 (ρ 0.05) and intrahepatic duct has ρ value of 0.004 (ρ 0.05). Based on the mean rank statistical test results show sequence Haste better in generating image information on the whole anatomy, but in each of anatomy based on the mean rank of gallbladder both sequences are equally good in showing gallbladder, whereas to display the liver, CBD, pancreas, and intrahepatic duct, the results showed T2 Haste mean rank better, it is because it has the characteristics of high Haste T2 signal intensity and better in reducing motion artifacts.Conclusion: Wilcoxon test analysis results expressed Ha accepted, meaning that there is a difference between the image information pieces axial T2 TSE with Haste the MRCP examination. The mean rank shows Haste superior to TSE, this is because the artifacts on TSE and therefore contributes to the respondent's assessment, other than that Haste has a high signal intensity so that it can show more clearly ducts.

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Chagas-Neto, Francisco Abaeté, Marcello Henrique Nogueira-Barbosa, Mário Müller Lorenzato, Rodrigo Salim, Maurício Kfuri-Junior, and Michel Daoud Crema. "Diagnostic performance of 3D TSE MRI versus 2D TSE MRI of the knee at 1.5 T, with prompt arthroscopic correlation, in the detection of meniscal and cruciate ligament tears." Radiologia Brasileira 49, no. 2 (April 2016): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-3984.2015.0042.

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Abstract Objective: To compare the diagnostic performance of the three-dimensional turbo spin-echo (3D TSE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique with the performance of the standard two-dimensional turbo spin-echo (2D TSE) protocol at 1.5 T, in the detection of meniscal and ligament tears. Materials and Methods: Thirty-eight patients were imaged twice, first with a standard multiplanar 2D TSE MR technique, and then with a 3D TSE technique, both in the same 1.5 T MRI scanner. The patients underwent knee arthroscopy within the first three days after the MRI. Using arthroscopy as the reference standard, we determined the diagnostic performance and agreement. Results: For detecting anterior cruciate ligament tears, the 3D TSE and routine 2D TSE techniques showed similar values for sensitivity (93% and 93%, respectively) and specificity (80% and 85%, respectively). For detecting medial meniscal tears, the two techniques also had similar sensitivity (85% and 83%, respectively) and specificity (68% and 71%, respectively). In addition, for detecting lateral meniscal tears, the two techniques had similar sensitivity (58% and 54%, respectively) and specificity (82% and 92%, respectively). There was a substantial to almost perfect intraobserver and interobserver agreement when comparing the readings for both techniques. Conclusion: The 3D TSE technique has a diagnostic performance similar to that of the routine 2D TSE protocol for detecting meniscal and anterior cruciate ligament tears at 1.5 T, with the advantage of faster acquisition.

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Yoshizako, Takeshi, Rika Yoshida, Hiroya Asou, Megumi Nakamura, and Hajime Kitagaki. "Comparison between turbo spin-echo and echo planar diffusion-weighted imaging of the female pelvis with 3T MRI." Acta Radiologica Open 10, no. 2 (February 2021): 205846012199473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2058460121994737.

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Background Echo-planar imaging (EPI)-diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) may take unclear image affected by susceptibility, geometric distortions and chemical shift artifacts. Purpose To compare the image quality and usefulness of EPI-DWI and turbo spin echo (TSE)-DWI in female patients who required imaging of the pelvis. Material and Methods All 57 patients were examined with a 3.0-T MR scanner. Both TSE- and EPI-DWI were performed with b values of 0 and 1000 s/mm2. We compared geometric distortion, the contrast ratio (CR) of the myometrium to the muscle and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values for the myometrium and lesion. Two radiologists scored the TSE- and EPI-DWI of each patient for qualitative evaluation. Results The mean percent distortion was significantly smaller with TSE- than EPI-DWI ( p = 0.00). The CR was significantly higher with TSE- than EPI-DWI ( p = 0.003). There was a significant difference in the ADC value for the uterus and lesions between the EPI- and TSE-DWI ( p < 0.05). Finally, the ADC values of cancer were significantly different from those for the uterus and benign with both the two sequences ( p < 0.05). The scores for ghosting artifacts were higher with TSE- than EPI-DWI ( p = 0.019). But there were no significant differences between TSE- and EPI-DWI with regard to image contrast and overall image quality. Conclusion TSE-DWI on the female pelvis by 3T MRI produces less distortion and higher CR than EPI-DWI, but there is no difference in contrast and image quality.

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Hascalik, S., O. Celik, G. Erdem, C. Ara, and H. Kirimlioglu. "Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings of a sacrococcygeal schwannoma." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 16, Suppl 1 (January 2006): 344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200602001-00060.

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Schwannoma is tumor of peripheral nerves, originating from Schwann cells. It is a rare nerve sheath tumor, which frequently occurs in the intracranial acoustic nerve and spinal nerves. We report on a 28-year-old woman who suffered from a large pelvic mass that was diagnosed to be sacrococcygeal schwannoma. The features of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) study are discussed. The magnetic resonance imaging instrument was a 1.5T, Gyroscan Intera with a body coil as a radiofrequency transmitter and a signal receiver. T2-weighted images were obtained under the following conditions—turbo spin echo (TSE) T2: turbo spin echo repeat time (TR) = 4500 msec, echo time (TE) = 96 msec. Single voxel MRS was performed by the point-resolved spectroscopy technique with a long TE (136 msec). MRS measurement was performed on two different parts of the tumor. As well as strongly elevated choline and lipid signals, the tumor spectrum showed increased N-acetylaspartate resonances. MRS can be used effectively in the preoperative diagnosis of retroperitoneal and pelvic masses, which demonstrate unusual clinical features.

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Gao, Tianyang, Zhao Lu, Fengzhe Wang, Heng Zhao, Jiazheng Wang, and Shinong Pan. "Using the Compressed Sensing Technique for Lumbar Vertebrae Imaging: Comparison with Conventional Parallel Imaging." Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews 17, no. 8 (August 24, 2021): 1010–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573405617666210126155814.

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Objective: To compare conventional sensitivity encoding turbo spin-echo (SENSE-TSE) with compressed sensing plus SENSE turbo spin-echo (CS-TSE) in lumbar vertebrae magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: This retrospective study of lumbar vertebrae MRI included 600 patients; 300 patients received SENSE-TSE and 300 patients received CS-TSE. The SENSE acceleration factor was 1.4 for T1WI, 1.7 for T2WI, and 1.7 for PDWI. The CS total acceleration factor was 2.4, 3.6, 4.0, and 4.0 for T1WI, T2WI, PDWI sagittal, and T2WI transverse, respectively. The image quality of each MRI sequence was evaluated objectively by the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and subjectively on a five-point scale. Two radiologists independently reviewed the MRI sequences of the 300 patients receiving CS-TSE, and their diagnostic consistency was evaluated. The degree of intervertebral foraminal stenosis and nerve root compression was assessed using the T1WI sagittal and T2WI transverse images. Results: The scan time was reduced from 7 min 28 s to 4 min 26 s with CS-TSE. The median score of nerve root image quality was 5 (p > 0.05). The diagnostic consistency using CS-TSE images between the two radiologists was high for diagnosing lumbar diseases (κ > 0.75) and for evaluating the degree of lumbar foraminal stenosis and nerve root compression (κ = 0.882). No differences between SENSE-TSE and CS-TSE were observed for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, or negative predictive value. Conclusion: CS-TSE has the potential for diagnosing lumbar vertebrae and disc disorders.

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Polonara, G., and U. Salvolini. "Turbo-FLAIR Sequence in Brain MRI." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 11, no. 1 (February 1998): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140099801100103.

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To compare a turbo-FLAIR sequence with Proton Density (PD) and T2-weighted Turbo Spin-Echo (TSE) sequences in several different brain diseases, 276 MRI examinations were performed on a 1.0 Tesla system. The positive cases were assessed for lesion detection and lesion conspicuity. Four quantitative criteria were also used to compare the contrast of the two techniques: lesion to background contrast, lesion to background contrast to noise ratio (CNR), lesion to Cerobrospinal fluid (CSF) contrast, lesion to CSF contrast to noise ratio. The turbo FLAIR sequence was found to be superior to PD and T2-weighted TSE for lesion detection: this sequence detected more lesions in 74 patients than PD and in 42 patients than T2, but missed some subtentorial lesions. For lesion conspicuity turbo-FLAIR was judged equivalent to PD and T2-weighted TSE respectively in 27% and 45% of the cases and better in 71% and 53% of the cases. Lesion to background contrast and lesion to background CNR were found to be significantly greater for turbo-FLAIR than for PD (p<0.001). Compared with T2-weighted TSE, turbo-FLAIR showed a significantly higher lesion to background contrast (p<0.001) and inferior lesion to background CNR (p<0.001). Our study indicates that turbo-FLAIR can replace PD TSE scans in most cases and can be used as a first choice sequence for cerebrovascular diseases, multiple sclerosis and for the evaluation of gliosis.

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Zhalniarovich, Y., Z. Adamiak, A. Pomianowski, and M. Jaskólska. "Most commonly used sequences and clinical protocols for brain and spine magnetic resonance imaging allowing better identification of pathological changes in dogs." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 16, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjvs-2013-0024.

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Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging is the best imaging modality for the brain and spine. Quality of the received images depends on many technical factors. The most significant factors are: positioning the patient, proper coil selection, selection of appropriate sequences and image planes. The present contrast between different tissues provides an opportunity to diagnose various lesions. In many clinics magnetic resonance imaging has replaced myelography because of its noninvasive modality and because it provides excellent anatomic detail. There are many different combinations of sequences possible for spinal and brain MR imaging. Most frequently used are: T2-weighted fast spin echo (FSE), T1- and T2-weighted turbo spin echo, Fluid Attenuation Inversion Recovery (FLAIR), T1-weighted gradient echo (GE) and spin echo (SE), high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) sequences, fat-suppressing short tau inversion recovery (STIR) and half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin echo (HASTE). Magnetic resonance imaging reveals neurologic lesions which were previously hard to diagnose antemortem.

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Annesley-Williams, D. J., R. D. Laitt, J. P. R. Jenkins, R. T. Ramsden, and J. E. Gillespie. "Magnetic resonance imaging in the investigation of sensorineural hearing loss: is contrast enhancement still necessary?" Journal of Laryngology & Otology 115, no. 1 (January 2001): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0022215011906920.

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High resolution T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has been proposed as a rapid, inexpensive means of investigating patients with sensorineural deafness, particularly to exclude vestibular schwannomas. Whether the accepted ‘gold standard’ of contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images can be omitted, however, remains controversial. Over a 22-month period the use of axial turbo-spin echo T2-weighted images (T2W) were prospectively compared with contrast-enhanced T1-weighted spin echo scans in the evaluation of 513 patients presenting with audiovestibular symptoms. A 2-D T2W turbo spin echo (TSE) sequence with 3 mm slices was used in 340 patients while a 3-D sequence with overlapping 1 mm slices was used in 173 patients. The T2-weighted image findings were documented and subsequently compared with contrast-enhanced images. With the 2-D sequence 24 patients (25 lesions) had internal auditory meatus (IAM)/cerebello-pontine angle (CPA) masses identified by contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images, all of which were seen on the T2-weighted TSE sequence; there was one false positive ‘mass’ on the T2-weighted scans and one false negative case of IAM dural enhancement on T1-weighted imaging; six were considered normal initially on the T2-weighted images although three were subtly abnormal in retrospect. With the 3-D sequence three acoustic neuromas were all identified correctly with no false positive and only one false negative result (labyrinthitis). The 2-D and 3-D images were judged technically inadequate for clinical assessment in 15 and nine per cent respectively. We conclude that mass lesions of the IAM/CPA can be reliably identified on T2W TSE imaging but labyrinthine lesions may be missed without contrast enhancement. This is of particular importance in planning the management of neurofibromatosis type 2. Non-neoplastic disorders of the inner ear are also likely to be missed.

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Filippi, Massimo, Tarek A. Yousry, Maria A. Rocca, Clodoaldo Pereira, Hatem Alkadhi, and Giancarlo Comi. "The effect of cross-talk on MRI lesion numbers and volumes in multiple sclerosis using conventional and turbo spin-echo." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 4, no. 6 (December 1998): 471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135245859800400602.

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We measured and compared lesion numbers and volumes present on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) acquired with contiguous (scheme A) and interleaved (scheme B) slice acquisition, to evaluate whether there was a gain in sensitivity using the second pattern of acquisition and whether this counterbalanced the doubled acquisition time. Conventional spin-echo (CSE) sequences were performed for eight patient and turbo spin-echo (TSE) sequences for ten. Acquisition scheme B detected 3.8% more lesions than acquisition scheme A (the increase was 3. 1% for CSE and 4.5% for TSE). These differences were not statistically significant. No significant difference in lesion numbers was found when different lesion locations were also considered. Lesion volumes were significantly higher when scheme B was used (P= 0.024). This was due to higher lesion volumes on TSE images (P= 0.006), especially on even-numbered slices (P= 0.008). Inter-slice cross-talk has a negligible effect on lesion numbers and volume estimates in MS for CSE sequence, whilst it cannot be neglected when TSE sequences are used to measure MS lesion volume.

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Fisnandya Meita Astari, Rasyid, and Fatimah. "PERBEDAAN INFORMASI CITRA DIAGNOSTIK ANTARA SEKUEN T2 TSE STIR DAN T2 TSE DIXON PADA PEMERIKSAAN MRI LUMBAL POTONGAN SAGITAL DENGAN KASUS RADICULOPATHY." JRI (Jurnal Radiografer Indonesia) 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.55451/jri.v1i1.12.

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Backgroud: T2 Weighted Image Turbo Spin Echo Short Tau Inversion Recovery (T2 TSE STIR) is a sequence to get the image pathologic which can reveal of tissue along surrounding pathology with fat suppresion technique. T2 Weighted Image Turbo Spin Echo Dixon is a sequence to get the image pathologic whic can reveal of tissue along surrounding pathology with fat and water suppresion technique. Based on observations at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung Hospital, in the examination of MRI Lumbal using T2 TSE sequence with Dixon fat suppresion technique, while according to The American College of Radiology (2012), using STIR fat suppresion technique. The purpose of this research was to know the difference of information diagnostic image that is produced between T2 TSE STIR and T2 TSE Dixon sequences on the examination of MRI lumbal sagittal slice with Radiculopathy case. Methods: This research of type is experiment. The study was conducted with a 1,5 Tesla MRI at Installation Radiology of General Hospital Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. The research took from of the 22 images of MRI lumbal sagittal slice from T2 TSE STIR and T2 TSE Dixon sequences with Radiculopathy cases. Assesment of the image was done by two respondents and Kappa test was conducted. Furthermore, the results of respondents assessment was analyzed by Wilcoxon different test. Results: The results showed that the research result Ho rejected and Ha accepted which mean there is a differences of information diagnostic image between T2 TSE STIR and T2 TSE Dixon sequences on the examination of MRI lumbal sagittal slices with Radiculopathy case with p value = 0,001 (p <0,05). Conclusion: T2 Sequence TSE Dixon can produce MRI images with more specific and homogeneous fat suppresion, thus providing more informative diagnostic information than T2 TSE STIR sequences.

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Del Grande, Filippo, Natalie Hinterholzer, and Daniel Nanz. "3D MRI: Technical Considerations and Practical Integration." Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology 25, no. 03 (June 2021): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1731059.

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AbstractOne of the main advantages of three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the possibility of isotropic voxels and reconstructed planar cuts through the volumetric data set in any orientation with multiplanar reformation software through real-time evaluation. For example, reformats by the radiologist during reporting allows exploitation of the full potential of isotropic 3D volumetric acquisition or through standardized retrospective reformats of thicker predefined slices of an isotropic volumetric data set by technologists. The main challenges for integrating 3D fast spin echo (FSE) and turbo spin-echo (TSE) MRI in clinical practice are a long acquisition time and some artifacts, whereas for integrating 3D gradient-recalled echo protocols, the main challenges are lower signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and the inability to produce intermediate, and T2-weighted contrast. The implementation of bidirectional parallel imaging acquisition and random undersampling acceleration strategies of 3D TSE pulse sequences substantially shortens the examination time with only minor SNR reductions. This article provides an overview of general technical considerations of 3D FSE and TSE sequences in musculoskeletal MRI. It also describes how these sequences achieve efficient data acquisition and reviews the main advantages and challenges for their introduction to clinical practice.

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Fritz, Benjamin, Jan Fritz, and Reto Sutter. "3D MRI of the Ankle: A Concise State-of-the-Art Review." Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology 25, no. 03 (June 2021): 514–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1731332.

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AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful imaging modality for visualizing a wide range of ankle disorders that affect ligaments, tendons, and articular cartilage. Standard two-dimensional (2D) fast spin-echo (FSE) and turbo spin-echo (TSE) pulse sequences offer high signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios, but slice thickness limitations create partial volume effects. Modern three-dimensional (3D) FSE/TSE pulse sequences with isotropic voxel dimensions can achieve higher spatial resolution and similar contrast resolutions in ≤ 5 minutes of acquisition time. Advanced acceleration schemes have reduced the blurring effects of 3D FSE/TSE pulse sequences by affording shorter echo train lengths. The ability for thin-slice partitions and multiplanar reformation capabilities eliminate relevant partial volume effects and render modern 3D FSE/TSE pulse sequences excellently suited for MRI visualization of several oblique and curved structures around the ankle. Clinical efficiency gains can be achieved by replacing two or three 2D FSE/TSE sequences within an ankle protocol with a single isotropic 3D FSE/TSE pulse sequence. In this article, we review technical pulse sequence properties for 3D MRI of the ankle, discuss practical considerations for clinical implementation and achieving the highest image quality, compare diagnostic performance metrics of 2D and 3D MRI for major ankle structures, and illustrate a broad spectrum of ankle abnormalities.

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Sollmann, Nico, Dominik Weidlich, Elisabeth Klupp, Barbara Cervantes, Carl Ganter, Claus Zimmer, Ernst J. Rummeny, Thomas Baum, Jan S. Kirschke, and Dimitrios C. Karampinos. "T2 mapping of the distal sciatic nerve in healthy subjects and patients suffering from lumbar disc herniation with nerve compression." Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine 33, no. 5 (February 11, 2020): 713–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10334-020-00832-w.

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Abstract Objective To measure T2 values for magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) of the healthy distal sciatic nerve and compare those to T2 changes in patients with nerve compression. Materials and methods Twenty-one healthy subjects and five patients with sciatica due to disc herniation underwent MRN using a T2-prepared turbo spin echo (TSE) sequence of the distal sciatic nerve bilaterally. Six and one of those healthy subjects further underwent a commonly used multi-echo spin-echo (MESE) sequence and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), respectively. Results T2 values derived from the T2-prepared TSE sequence were 44.6 ± 3.0 ms (left) and 44.5 ± 2.6 ms (right) in healthy subjects and showed good inter-reader reliability. In patients, T2 values of 61.5 ± 6.2 ms (affected side) versus 43.3 ± 2.4 ms (unaffected side) were obtained. T2 values of MRS were in good agreement with measurements from the T2-prepared TSE, but not with those of the MESE sequence. Discussion A T2-prepared TSE sequence enables precise determination of T2 values of the distal sciatic nerve in agreement with MRS. A MESE sequence tends to overestimate nerve T2 compared to T2 from MRS due to the influence of residual fat on T2 quantification. Our approach may enable to quantitatively assess direct nerve affection related to nerve compression.

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Choi, Sung Wook, Ghi Jai Lee, Jae Chan Shim, Young Ju Lee, Se Hyung Jeong, and Ho Kyun Kim. "Contrast-Enhanced Turbo Spin-Echo(TSE) T1-weighted Imaging: Improved Contrast of Enhancing Lesions." Journal of the Korean Radiological Society 37, no. 3 (1997): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3348/jkrs.1997.37.3.379.

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Held, Paul, Johannes Seitz, Rüdiger Fründ, Wolfgang Nitz, Markus Lenhart, and Angela Geissler. "Comparison of two-dimensional gradient echo, turbo spin echo and two-dimensional turbo gradient spin echo sequences in MRI of the cervical spinal cord anatomy." European Journal of Radiology 38, no. 1 (April 2001): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0720-048x(00)00253-9.

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Haddad, John L., Neil M. Rofsky, Michael M. Ambrosino, David P. Naidich, and Jeffrey C. Weinreb. "T2-weighted MR imaging of the chest: Comparison of electrocardiograph-triggered conventional and turbo spin-echo and nontriggered turbo spin-echo sequences." Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 5, no. 3 (May 1995): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.1880050317.

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Pokorney, Amber L., Jonathan M. Chia, Cory M. Pfeifer, Jeffrey H. Miller, and Houchun H. Hu. "Improved fat-suppression homogeneity with mDIXON turbo spin echo (TSE) in pediatric spine imaging at 3.0 T." Acta Radiologica 58, no. 11 (February 6, 2017): 1386–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185117690424.

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Background Robust fat suppression remains essential in clinical MRI to improve tissue signal contrast, minimize fat-related artifacts, and enhance image quality. Purpose To compare fat suppression between mDIXON turbo spin echo (TSE) and conventional frequency-selective and inversion-recovery methods in pediatric spine MRI. Material and Methods Images from T1-weighted (T1W) and T2-weighted (T2W) TSE sequences coupled with conventional methods and the mDIXON technique were compared in 36 patients (5.8 ± 5.4 years) at 3.0 T. Images from 42 pairs of T1W (n = 16) and T2W (n = 26) scans were acquired. Two radiologists reviewed the data and rated images using a three-point scale in two categories, including the uniformity of fat suppression and overall diagnostic image quality. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare the scores. Results The Cohen’s kappa coefficient for inter-rater agreement was 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56–0.83). Images from mDIXON TSE were considered superior in fat suppression ( P < 0.01) in 22 (rater 1) and 25 (rater 2) cases, respectively. In 13 (rater 1) and 11 (rater 2) cases, mDIXON TSE demonstrated improved diagnostic image quality ( P < 0.01). In three cases, fat suppression was superior using inversion-recovery and likewise in one case mDIXON had poorer image diagnostic quality. Lastly, mDIXON and conventional fat-suppression methods performed similarly in 17 (rater 1) and 14 (rater 2) cases, and yielded equal diagnostic image quality in 28 (rater 1) and 30 (rater 2) cases. Conclusion Robust fat suppression can be achieved with mDixon TSE pediatric spine imaging at 3.0 T and should be considered as a permanent replacement of traditional methods, in particular frequency-selective techniques.

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Sonin, A. H., A. J. Peduto, S. W. Fitzgerald, C. M. Callahan, and M. E. Bresler. "MR imaging of the rotator cuff mechanism: comparison of spin-echo and turbo spin-echo sequences." American Journal of Roentgenology 167, no. 2 (August 1996): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.167.2.8686597.

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Saifuddin, Asif, Ramanan Rajakulasingam, Rodney Santiago, Mateen Siddiqui, Michael Khoo, and Ian Pressney. "Comparison of lumbar degenerative disc disease using conventional fast spin echo T2W MRI and T2 fast spin echo dixon sequences." British Journal of Radiology 94, no. 1121 (May 1, 2021): 20201438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20201438.

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Objectives: To compare the grading of lumbar degenerative disc disease (DDD), Modic end-plate changes (MEPC) and identification of high intensity zones (HIZ) on a combination of sagittal T1weighted turbo spin echo (T1W TSE), T2weighted fast spin echo (T2W FSE) and short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences (routine protocol) with a single sagittal T2W FSE Dixon MRI sequence which provides in-phase, opposed-phase, water only and fat only images in a single acquisition (Dixon protocol). Methods: 50 patients underwent lumbar spine MRI using the routine protocol with the addition of a T2W FSE Dixon sequence. DDD grade, MEPC and HIZ for each disc level were assessed on the routine and Dixon protocols. Each protocol was reviewed independently by three readers (consultant musculoskeletal radiologists with 26-, 8- and 4 years’ experience), allowing assessment of inter-reader agreement and inter protocol agreement for each assessed variable. Results: The study included 17 males and 33 females (mean age 51 years; range 8–82 years). Inter-reader agreement for DDD grade on the routine protocol was 0.57 and for the Dixon protocol was 0.63 (p = 0.08). Inter-reader agreement for MEPC on the routine protocol was 0.45 and for the Dixon protocol was 0.53 (p = 0.02), and inter-reader agreement for identification of the HIZ on the routine protocol was 0.52 and for the Dixon protocol was 0.46 (p = 0.27). Intersequence agreement for DDD grade ranged from 0.61 to 0.97, for MEPC 0.46–0.62 and for HIZ 0.39–0.5. Conclusion: A single sagittal T2W FSE Dixon MRI sequence could potentially replace the routine three sagittal sequence protocol for assessment of lumbar DDD, MEPC and HIZ resulting in ~60% time saving. Advances in knowledge: Grading of lumbar DDD, presence of Modic changes and high intensity zones were compared on sagittal T1W TSE, T2W FSE and STIR sequences with a T2W FSE Dixon sequence, with fair-to-good correlation suggesting that three conventional sequences could be replaced by a single Dixon sequence.

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Wibowo, Ardi Soesilo, Ary Kurniawati, and Hernastiti Sedya Utami. "Analisis Informasi Citra MRI Vertebra Servikal Potongan Axial dengan Penggunaan Flow Compensation antara Pembobotan T2 Sekuens Turbo Spin Echo (TSE) dan gradient echo (GRE)." Jurnal Imejing Diagnostik (JImeD) 2, no. 2 (July 11, 2016): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31983/jimed.v2i2.3173.

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Background: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) examination of the cervical spine axial slices with T2 weighted flow is often contained artifacts that interfere image result, so it uses flow compensation technique. Axial slices of T2 weighted may use TSE or GRE sequences. This research aims to determine differences in MRI image information of cervical spine axial slices using flow compensation between T2 weighted turbo spin echo (TSE) and gradient echo (GRE) sequences and to get better image information between that both sequences.Methods: This research was a quantitative study with an experimental approach. Data were collected from May to June 2016 in Radiology Installation of Haji Surabaya Hospital using a questionnaire to three respondents. Data were analyzed by statistical tests with SPSS 16 software using Wilcoxon test to determine differences level in image information between T2 weighted TSE and GRE sequences, mean rank value from Wilcoxon test and crosstabulation test to get better image information.Results: There were differences in MRI image information of cervical spine axial slices with using flow compensation between T2 weighted TSE and GRE sequences with p-value was 0.005 (p 0.05). This difference was due to the differences of parameter characteristics between both sequences and T2* GRE was more sensitive to flow to the organ than the TSE. Better MRI image information of cervical spine axial slices using flow compensation was T2* GRE sequence shown by the mean rank 5.50.T2*. GRE was better than T2 TSE because it could show the anatomy of the cervical clearly and informatively, the anatomy of the spinal cord, CSF, neural foramen, intraforaminal structure, corpus vertebrae, disc and the minimum artifacts. While on the anatomy of the facet joint was no significant difference between the TSE and GRE sequences.Conclusion: There were differences in the MRI image information of cervical spine axial slices using flow compensation between T2 weighted TSE and GRE sequences. Better image information was T2* GRE sequence.

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Bruegel, Melanie, Jochen Gaa, Klaus Woertler, Carl Ganter, Simone Waldt, Claudia Hillerer, and Ernst J. Rummeny. "MRI of the lung: Value of different turbo spin-echo, single-shot turbo spin-echo, and 3D gradient-echo pulse sequences for the detection of pulmonary metastases." Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 25, no. 1 (January 2007): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.20824.

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Armbruster, Marco, Markus Guba, Joachim Andrassy, Markus Rentsch, Vincent Schwarze, Johannes Rübenthaler, Thomas Knösel, Jens Ricke, and Harald Kramer. "Measuring HCC Tumor Size in MRI—The Sequence Matters!" Diagnostics 11, no. 11 (October 28, 2021): 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11112002.

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Background: The aim of this paper was to assess and compare the accuracy of common magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pulse sequences in measuring the lesion sizes of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) with respect to the Milan criteria and histopathology as a standard of reference. Methods: We included 45 patients with known HCC who underwent contrast-enhanced MRI of the liver prior to liver transplantation or tumor resection. Tumor size was assessed pathologically for all patients. The MRI protocol contained axial T2-weighted images as well as T1-weighted imaging sequences before and after application of Gd-EOB-DTPA. Tumor diameters, the sharpness of lesions, and the presence of artifacts were evaluated visually on all available MRI sequences. MRI measurements and pathologically assessed tumor dimensions were correlated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman plots. The rate of misclassifications following Milan criteria was assessed. Results: The mean absolute error (in cm) of MRI size measurements in comparison to pathology was the smallest for the hepatobiliary phase T1-weighted acquisition (0.71 ± 0.70 cm, r = 0.96) and largest for the T2w turbo-spin-echo (TSE) sequence (0.85 ± 0.78 cm, r = 0.94). The misclassification rate regarding tumor size under the Milan criteria was lowest for the T2w half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo sequence and the hepatobiliary phase T1w acquisition (each 8.6%). The highest rate of misclassification occurred in the portal venous phase T1w acquisition and T2w TSE sequence (each 14.3%). Conclusions: The hepatobiliary phase T1-weighted acquisition seems to be most accurate among commonly used MRI sequences for measuring HCC tumor size, resulting in low rates of misclassification with respect to the Milan criteria.

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Schäfer, F. K. W., P. J. Schäfer, J. Brossmann, C. Frahm, R. E. Hilgert, M. Heller, and T. Jahnke. "Value of fat-suppressed proton-density-weighted turbo spin-echo sequences in detecting meniscal lesions: comparison with arthroscopy." Acta Radiologica 47, no. 4 (May 2006): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841850600570482.

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Purpose: To evaluate fat-suppressed (FS) proton-density-weighted (PDw) turbo spin-echo (TSE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared to arthroscopy in the detection of meniscal lesions. Material and Methods: In a prospective study, 31 knee joints were imaged on a 1.5T MR scanner before arthroscopy using the following sequences: (a) coronal and sagittal FS-PDw TSE (TR/TE: 4009/15 ms); (b) coronal T1w SE (TR/TE: 722/20 ms), and sagittal PDw TSE (TR/TE: 3800/15 ms). Other imaging parameters were: slice thickness 3 mm, FOV 160 mm, matrix 256×256. A total of 186 meniscal regions (62 menisci; anterior horn, body, posterior horn) were evaluated. Standard of reference was arthroscopy. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (npv), positive predictive value (ppv), and accuracy were calculated. Results: Arthroscopically, meniscal lesions were detected in 55/186 segments (35 medial and 20 lateral meniscal lesions). Sensitivity, specificity, npv, ppv, and accuracy for combination of coronal and sagittal FS PDw TSE were 91.4%, 98.3%, 95%, 97%, and 93.5% for the medial meniscus, and 90%, 98.6%, 97.3%, 94.7%, and 96.8% for the lateral. The results were comparable to the combination of coronal T1w SE and sagittal PDw TSE for the medial (88.6%, 98.3%, 93.4%, 96.9%, 91.4%) and the lateral (90%, 95.9%, 97.2%, 85.7%, 92.5%) meniscus. Conclusion: FS PDw TSE-MR sequences are an excellent alternative for the detection of meniscal lesions in comparison with diagnostic arthroscopy.

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Gerwing, Martin, Klaus Failing, Christine Peppler, Andreas Kása, Martin Kramer, Kerstin von Pückler, and Christian Feichtenschlager. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Intra-Articular Structures in the Canine Stifle Joint after Implantation of a Titanium Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy Plate." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 31, no. 04 (June 2, 2018): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1647248.

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Objectives To determine the effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of anatomical stifle structures with respect to implant positioning after tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) using a titanium plate. Methods Selected sagittal and dorsal sequences of pre- and postoperative MRI (1.0 T scanner) of 13 paired (n = 26) sound cadaveric stifle joints were evaluated. The effect of susceptibility artifact on adjacent anatomical stifle structures was graded from 0 to 5. The impact of implant positioning regarding assessment score was calculated using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results Sagittal turbo spin echo (TSE)-acquired images enabled interpretation of most soft tissue, osseous and cartilage structures without detrimental effect of susceptibility artifact distortions. In T2-weighted TSE images, the cranial cruciate ligament and caudal horn of the medial meniscus could be evaluated, independent of implant position, without any susceptibility artifact in all specimens. T2-weighted fast field echo, water selective, balanced fast field echo and short tau inversion recovery were most markedly affected by susceptibility artifact. Clinical Significance In selected TSE sequences, MRI allows evaluation of critical intra-articular structures after titanium TPLO plate implantation. Further investigations with confirmed stifle pathologies in dogs are required, to evaluate the accuracy of MRI after TPLO in clinical cases in this context.

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Elefante, A., M. Cavaliere, C. Russo, G. Caliendo, M. Marseglia, D. Cicala, D. Piccolo, et al. "Diffusion Weighted MR Imaging of Primary and Recurrent Middle Ear Cholesteatoma: An Assessment by Readers with Different Expertise." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/597896.

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Introduction and Purpose. Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) has been proven to be valuable in the diagnosis of middle ear cholesteatoma. The aims of our study were to evaluate the advantage of multi-shot turbo spin echo (MSh TSE) DWI compared to single-shot echo-planar (SSh EPI) DWI for the diagnosis of cholesteatoma.Material and Methods. Thirty-two patients with clinical suspicion of unilateral cholesteatoma underwent preoperative MRI (1.5T) with SSh EPI and MSh TSE. Images were separately analyzed by 4 readers with different expertise to confirm the presence of cholesteatoma. Sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, and positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) were assessed for each observer and interrater agreement was assessed using kappa statistics. Diagnosis was obtained at surgery.Results. Overall MSh TSE showed higher diagnostic accuracy and lower negative predictive value (NPV) compared to conventional SSh EPI. Interreader agreement between the observers revealed the superiority of MSh TSE compared to SSh EPI. Interrater agreement among all the four observers was higher by using MSh TSE compared to SSh EPI.Conclusion. Our findings suggest that MSh TSE DWI has higher sensitivity for detection of cholesteatoma and lower probability of misdiagnosis. MSh TSE DWI is useful in guiding less experienced observers to the diagnosis.

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Ogawa, Masaki, Misugi Urano, Taku Takaishi, Hirohito Kan, Nobuyuki Arai, Hiroki Takahashi, Masayasu Hara, Miki Saito, and Yuta Shibamoto. "T-staging of rectal cancer: Utility of single-shot turbo spin-echo diffusion-weighted imaging with T2-weighted images and fusion images." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 21, 2021): e0249433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249433.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of turbo spin-echo (TSE) DWI with fusion images in the T-staging compared with T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) alone and conventional echo-planner imaging (EPI) DWI. Methods In this prospective study, 4-mm-thick axial EPI-DWI, TSE-DWI, and T2WI were performed with the same slice locations for 20 patients with rectal cancer. Fusion images of DWI and T2WI were created for both EPI-DWI and TSE-DWI. Ten readers independently diagnosed the T-stages and scored the degree of confidence referring to T2WI alone and then to DWI, T2WI, and fusion images (DWI+T2WI) for each EPI-DWI and TSE-DWI. Visual score assessments of image quality were performed for each DWI. Results Inter-observer agreement of T-staging for 10 readers was slight on T2WI alone but fair on EPI-DWI+T2WI and excellent on TSE-DWI+T2WI images. No readers gave higher confidence scores for T2WI compared to EPI/TSE-DWI+T2WI and for EPI-DWI+T2WI compared to TSE-DWI+T2WI. In seven pathologically-proven cases, poor, poor to slight, and fair to perfect agreements with the pathological T-stage were observed with T2WI alone, EPI-DWI+T2WI, and TSE-DWI+T2WI, respectively. All readers gave higher scores regarding image distortion and lower scores regarding image noise for TSE-DWI compared to EPI-DWI. For DWI utility, higher scores were assigned for TSE-DWI compared to EPI-DWI in 7 readers and there were no significant differences in the other 3 readers. Conclusion TSE-DWI images might be more appropriate for image fusion with T2WI and rectal cancer T-staging compared with EPI-DWI and T2WI alone.

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Yamashita, Yasuyuki, Yi Tang, Yasuko Abe, Katsuhiko Mitsuzaki, and Matsumasa Takahashi. "Comparison of ultrafast half-Fourier single-shot turbo spin-echo sequence with turbo spin-echo sequences for T2-weighted imaging of the female pelvis." Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 8, no. 6 (November 1998): 1207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.1880080605.

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van der Pol, Christian B., Wael M. Shabana, Matthew D. McInnes, and Nicola Schieda. "High-resolution T2-weighted (T2W) oblique plane turbo spin-echo (TSE) MRI for rectal adenocarcinoma staging." Clinical Imaging 39, no. 4 (July 2015): 627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinimag.2015.01.014.

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Lei, Qiang, Qi Wan, Lishan Liu, Jianfeng Hu, Wei Zuo, Jianneng Li, Guihua Jiang, and Xinchun Li. "Values of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient and Lesion-to-Spinal Cord Signal Intensity in Diagnosing Solitary Pulmonary Lesions: Turbo Spin-Echo versus Echo-Planar Imaging Diffusion-Weighted Imaging." BioMed Research International 2021 (August 10, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3345953.

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Objective. This study is aimed at comparing the image quality and diagnostic performance of mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and lesion-to-spinal cord signal intensity ratio (LSR) derived from turbo spin-echo diffusion-weighted imaging (TSE-DWI) and echo-planar imaging- (EPI-) DWI in patients with a solitary pulmonary lesion (SPL). Methods. 33 patients with SPL underwent chest imaging using EPI-DWI and TSE-DWI with b = 600 s/mm2 in free breathing. A comparison of the distortion ratio (DR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was drawn between the two techniques using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The interprotocol reproducibility between quantitative parameters of EPI-DWI and TSE-DWI was evaluated using a Bland-Altman plot. ADCs and LSRs derived from EPI-DWI and TSE-DWI were calculated and compared between malignant and benign groups using the Mann–Whitney test. Results. TSE-DWI had similar SNR and CNR compared with EPI-DWI. DR was significantly lower on TSE-DWI than EPI-DWI. ADC and LSR showed slightly higher values with TSE-DWI, while the Bland-Altman analysis showed unacceptable limits of agreement between the two sequences. ADC and LSR of both DWI techniques differed significantly between lung cancer and benign lesions ( P < 0.05 ). The LSR(EPI-DWI) showed the highest area under the curve ( AUC = 0.818 ), followed by ADC(EPI-DWI) ( AUC = 0.789 ), ADC(TSE-DWI) ( AUC = 0.781 ), and LSR(TSE-DWI) ( AUC = 0.748 ), respectively. Among these parameters, the difference in diagnostic accuracy was not statistically significant. Conclusions. TSE-DWI provides significantly improved image quality in patients with SPL as compared with EPI-DWI. However, there was no difference in diagnostic efficacy between these two techniques, according to ADC and LSR.

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Nirmala, Fella Ustia. "The Effect Of Number Of Excitation (Nex) Variation And Blade Technique On T2 Image Quality TSE Sagital Knee MRI." Jurnal Biosains Pascasarjana 21, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jbp.v21i1.2019.32-47.

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ABSTRACT The research has been conducted entitled Influence of Variation Number of Excitation (NEX) and BLADE Technique on Image Quality T2 TSE Sagital Knee MRI. This research was conducted at Haji General Hospital Surabaya by using MRI 1.5 Tesla modalities. The usage of BLADE technique combined with the NEX 1 and NEX 2 variations performed on sagittal tissue of the knee and using a Turbo Spin Echo (TSE) sequence with T2 weighting. Data analysis was done quantitatively by using Region of Interest (ROI) method on MRI computer then analyzed Sinyal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR). From the research, good image quality result obtained by using BLADE technique on NEX 2 variation with SNR of tissues was 130,71 for Fluid, 5,54 for Meniscus, 12,88 for Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) and 5,95 for Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL), whereas the CNR value of tissues was 125.16 for fluid-meniscus, 117.82 for ACL-fluid and 124.76 for fluid-PCL. Keywords : NEX , TSE, T2 weighting, MRI Knee.

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Heinrich, Andreas, Felix V. Güttler, Florian Schlesies, René Aschenbach, Niklas Eckardt, and Ulf K.-M. Teichgräber. "In vitro stent assessment by MRI: visibility of lumen and artifacts for 27 modern stents." Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik 62, no. 6 (November 27, 2017): 565–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2016-0008.

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AbstractPurpose:The purpose of this study was to measure artifacts and visibility of lumen for modern and most commonly used stents in vascular interventions according to a standardized test method of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).Materials and methods:Twenty-four peripheral self-expanding nitinol stents and three stainless steel stents with diameters between 5 and 8 mm and lengths between 30 and 250 mm from seven different manufacturers were compared on a 1.5T and a 3T magnetic resonance (MR) scanner. The visualization of lumen and artifacts was measured according to ASTM F2119 for a turbo spin echo (TSE) [repetition time(TR)/echo time (TE) 500/26 ms] and a gradient echo (GRE) (TR/TE 100/15 ms) sequence. The stents were placed parallel and perpendicular to the radio frequency field (BResults:There were large differences in visibility of the lumen for the stent models. The visualization of the lumen varies between 0% and 93% (perpendicular to BConclusion:Reliable stent lumen visualization is possible for Misago, Supera, Tigris, and Viabahn stents, if their axis is perpendicular to B

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Zhang, Jialu, and Xiaotong Zhang. "Diffusion-Weighted Imaging of the Macaque Brain Using Diffusion-Prepared Turbo Spin Echo in MRI." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (December 18, 2021): 12077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112412077.

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) integrates a static magnetic field, a time-varying gradient magnetic field at kHz and a radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field for non-invasive and real-time imaging; meanwhile, diffusion MRI (dMRI) pushes a further and closer dimension to the scale of neural fibers through sensitizing the gradient field to recognize water molecular displacement over distances of 1~20 μm along fibers. Contemporary dMRI approaches face challenges of magnetic field inhomogeneity as well as sequence-associated distortion and signal loss, the common remedies of which are repeated scans and post-reconstruction algorithms. In this study, over an anesthetized macaque with a customized head coil on 3 T MRI, we have proposed and implemented a monopolar diffusion-prepared module for turbo spin echo sequence (DP-TSE) as an alternative to achieve distortion-free, high-resolution diffusion imaging with improved SNR. The results showed high image quality and SNR efficiency as compared with conventional dMRI methods at millimeter level, allowing us to pursue submillimeter-scale dMRI over non-human primates (NHPs) in a relatively short scan time and without repetitions or post-processing, which could merit and advance our understanding of the structure and organizations of the primate’s brain.

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Kammen, Bamidele F., Eric M. Padua, S. Pinar Karakas, R. Ward Hagar, Dave M. Hitt, Nirav K. Pandya, and Taylor Chung. "Clinical experience with two-point mDixon turbo spin echo as an alternative to conventional turbo spin echo for magnetic resonance imaging of the pediatric knee." Pediatric Radiology 49, no. 6 (February 6, 2019): 791–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00247-019-04349-w.

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Horinouchi, T., K. Kassai, T. Katuda, H. Maeda, and T. Kimura. "72. The Evaluation of Frequency Fat Saturation Turbo Spin Echo Method." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 50, no. 8 (1994): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.kj00003325875.

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Keegan, Jennifer, Peter D. Gatehouse, Sanjay K. Prasad, and David N. Firmin. "Improved turbo spin-echo imaging of the heart with motion-tracking." Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 24, no. 3 (2006): 563–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.20655.

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Berkowitz, Seth J., Robson Macedo, Ashkan A. Malayeri, Steven M. Shea, Christine H. Lorenz, Hugh Calkins, Jens Vogel-Claussen, Harikrishna Tandri, and David A. Bluemke. "Axial black blood turbo spin echo imaging of the right ventricle." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 61, no. 2 (February 2009): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.21864.

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Prabawati, Novelsa Chintya, Siti Masrochah, and Sri Mulyati. "Analisis TSE Factor Terhadap Signal to Noise Ratio dan Contrast to Noise Ratio pada Pembobotan T2 Turbo Spin Echo Potongan Axial MRI Brain." Jurnal Imejing Diagnostik (JImeD) 3, no. 2 (July 10, 2015): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31983/jimed.v3i2.3198.

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Background: TSE factor is parameters that affect Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR). TSE factor for brain MRI examination is a long TSE factor. There are differences when using TSE factor. At the theory, the brain MRI examination is using TSE factor ≥16 while at Siloam Surabaya Hospital was using TSE factor 14. The writer ever seen some noises at brain MRI image therefore the radiographer doing modification of TSE factor. The purpose of this research are to determine the influence of modification in the TSE factor value against SNR and CNR and to define the SNR and CNR optimum from that.Methods: This research is a quantitative study with an experimental approach. This research was done by MRI Philips Achieva 1,5 T with 10 modification TSE factor (8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 and 26). SNR and CNR obtained by measurement of ROI in the grey matter, white matter and CSF with the result an average signal and compared with the average standard deviation of the background image. Data was analyzed by linear regression test to know the influence of TSE factor against SNR and CNR and data was analyzed by descriptive test mean rank to obtain the optimum TSE factor value.Result: The result showed that there was the inluence of TSE factor to SNR and CNR at T2W TSE axial brain. There was a significant correlation between TSE factor with all of area SNR and CNR with coefficient correlation of SNR grey matter r=0,591, with coefficient correlation of SNR white matter r=0,604, with coefficient correlation of SNR CSF r=0,687, with coefficient correlation of CNR CSF–grey matter r=0,690, with coefficient correlation of CNR CSF-white matter r=0,658. The significant value of linear regression test is (0,000*) p value (0,05). TSE factor optimum value at T2W TSE axial brain was TSE factor value 10 for SNR with mean rank SNR 45,05 and TSE factor value 8 for CNR with mean rank CNR 35,43.Conclusion: There was the influence of TSE factor to SNR and CNR at T2W TSE axial brain. TSE factor optimum value in brain MRI T2W TSE axial is 10 to SNR and TSE factor 8 to CNR.

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Choi, Kyu Sung, Young Hun Choi, Jung-Eun Cheon, Woo Sun Kim, and In One Kim. "Application of T1-weighted BLADE sequence to abdominal magnetic resonance imaging of young children: a comparison with turbo spin echo sequence." Acta Radiologica 61, no. 10 (January 24, 2020): 1406–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185120901512.

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Background The image quality of abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children who cannot hold their breath has been severely impaired by motion artifacts. Purpose To evaluate the usefulness of T1-weighted (T1W) BLADE MRI for axial abdominal imaging in children who cannot hold their breath. Material and Methods Two different BLADE sequences, with and without an inversion recovery (IR-BLADE), were compared to conventional turbo-spin echo (TSE) with a high number of excitations in 18 consecutive patients who cannot hold their breath. Overall image quality, motion artifact, radial artifact, hepatic vessel sharpness, renal corticomedullary differentiation, and lesion conspicuity were retrospectively assessed by two radiologists, using 4- or 5-point scoring systems. Signal variations of each sequence were measured for a quantitative comparison. The acquisition times of the three sequences were compared. Results IR-BLADE and BLADE showed significantly improved overall image quality and reduced motion artifact compared with TSE. IR-BLADE showed significantly better hepatic vessel sharpness and corticomedullary differentiation compared to both BLADE and TSE. Radial artifacts were only observed on IR-BLADE and BLADE. In nine patients with lesions, there were no significant differences in lesion conspicuity among three sequences. Compared to TSE, both IR-BLADE and BLADE showed decreased signal variations in the liver and muscle, and an increased signal variation through air. The mean acquisition times for IR-BLADE, BLADE, and TSE were comparable. Conclusion Compared to the TSE sequence, T1W IR-BLADE for pediatric abdominal MRI resulted in improved image quality, tissue contrast with a diminished respiratory motion artifact, and a comparable acquisition time.

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Nakayama, Yoshiharu, Yasuyuki Yamashita, Yasuharu Matsuno, Yi Tang, Tomohiro Namimoto, Masataka Kadota, Katsuhiko Mitsuzaki, et al. "Fast Breath-Hold T2-Weighted MRI of the Kidney by Means of Half-Fourier Single-Shot Turbo Spin Echo: Comparison with High Resolution Turbo Spin Echo Sequence." Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 25, no. 1 (January 2001): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004728-200101000-00010.

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Escobedo, E. M., J. C. Hunter, G. C. Zink-Brody, A. J. Wilson, S. D. Harrison, and D. J. Fisher. "Usefulness of turbo spin-echo MR imaging in the evaluation of meniscal tears: comparison with a conventional spin-echo sequence." American Journal of Roentgenology 167, no. 5 (November 1996): 1223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.167.5.8911185.

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Meindl, T., S. Wirth, S. Weckbach, O. Dietrich, M. Reiser, and S. O. Schoenberg. "Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine: comparison of 2D T2-weighted turbo spin echo, 2D T2*weighted gradient-recalled echo and 3D T2-weighted variable flip-angle turbo spin echo sequences." European Radiology 19, no. 3 (September 24, 2008): 713–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00330-008-1175-7.

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Lee, DongKyu, Sohyun Han, and HyungJoon Cho. "Optimization of sparse phase encodings for variable repetition-delay turbo-spin echo (TSE) T1 measurements for preclinical applications." Journal of Magnetic Resonance 274 (January 2017): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2016.11.004.

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Chan, Cheuk F., Peter D. Gatehouse, Ray Hughes, Michael Roughton, Dudley J. Pennell, and David N. Firmin. "Novel technique used to detect swallowing in volume-selective turbo spin-echo (TSE) for carotid artery wall imaging." Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 29, no. 1 (January 2009): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.21607.

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Hossein, Jomleh, Faeghi Fariborz, Rasteh Mehrnaz, and Rafiei Babak. "Evaluation of diagnostic value and T2-weighted three-dimensional isotropic turbo spin-echo (3D-SPACE) image quality in comparison with T2-weighted two-dimensional turbo spin-echo (2D-TSE) sequences in lumbar spine MR imaging." European Journal of Radiology Open 6 (2019): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejro.2018.12.003.

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Li, Guobin, Maxim Zaitsev, Martin Büchert, Esther Raithel, Dominik Paul, Jan G. Korvink, and Jürgen Hennig. "Improving the robustness of 3D turbo spin echo imaging to involuntary motion." Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine 28, no. 4 (November 20, 2014): 329–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10334-014-0471-2.

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Demaerel, P., P. Van Hover, A. Broeders, B. Kiefer, and A. L. Baert. "Rapid Lumbar Spine MR Myelography: Imaging Findings Using a Single-Shot Technique." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 10, no. 2 (April 1997): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140099701000206.

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Abstract:

MR myelography has been performed by several authors. Most authors have used techniques based on three-dimensional gradient-echo pulse sequences or fast spin-echo pulse sequences. The examination time varied between 5 and 13 minutes and postprocessing with a maximum-intensity projection algorithm was necessary for three-dimensional visualization. The rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) was initially described by Hennig et Al. In this technical note we present our experience with a single-shot turbo spin-echo sequence, derived from RARE, of approximately 2 seconds to obtain one view. MR myelography can replace conventional myelography in all different types of pathology. In addition MR myelography provides additional information compared to MR imaging in a minority of the cases. Taking into account the ultra-rapid acquisition and the absence of postprocessing procedures, we recommended this technique in the appropriate clinical setting. The MR myelogram increases the level of conficence of the neuroradiologist.

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Kaufmann, Timothy J., Marion Smits, Jerrold Boxerman, Raymond Huang, Daniel P. Barboriak, Michael Weller, Caroline Chung, et al. "Consensus recommendations for a standardized brain tumor imaging protocol for clinical trials in brain metastases." Neuro-Oncology 22, no. 6 (February 12, 2020): 757–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa030.

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Abstract A recent meeting was held on March 22, 2019, among the FDA, clinical scientists, pharmaceutical and biotech companies, clinical trials cooperative groups, and patient advocacy groups to discuss challenges and potential solutions for increasing development of therapeutics for central nervous system metastases. A key issue identified at this meeting was the need for consistent tumor measurement for reliable tumor response assessment, including the first step of standardized image acquisition with an MRI protocol that could be implemented in multicenter studies aimed at testing new therapeutics. This document builds upon previous consensus recommendations for a standardized brain tumor imaging protocol (BTIP) in high-grade gliomas and defines a protocol for brain metastases (BTIP-BM) that addresses unique challenges associated with assessment of CNS metastases. The “minimum standard” recommended pulse sequences include: (i) parameter matched pre- and post-contrast inversion recovery (IR)–prepared, isotropic 3D T1-weighted gradient echo (IR-GRE); (ii) axial 2D T2-weighted turbo spin echo acquired after injection of gadolinium-based contrast agent and before post-contrast 3D T1-weighted images; (iii) axial 2D or 3D T2-weighted fluid attenuated inversion recovery; (iv) axial 2D, 3-directional diffusion-weighted images; and (v) post-contrast 2D T1-weighted spin echo images for increased lesion conspicuity. Recommended sequence parameters are provided for both 1.5T and 3T MR systems. An “ideal” protocol is also provided, which replaces IR-GRE with 3D TSE T1-weighted imaging pre- and post-gadolinium, and is best performed at 3T, for which dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion is included. Recommended perfusion parameters are given.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Turbo spin echo (TSE)'

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