Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Turbines à gaz – Refroidissement'
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Fénot, Matthieu. "Etude du refroidissement par impact de jets : application aux aubes de turbines." Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT2303.
Full textWe have tried to determine the convective heat transfer on a flat plate on which impinged either a single jet or several ones. To do so, the heat thin foil technique has been used jointly with infrared thermography. This technique permits to impose different heat fluxes. For each flux, a temperature distribution is recorded using a thermographic camera. Then, local heat transfer and adiabatic wall temperature are determined by means of a linear regression method. This technique has been validated using a single jet impinging on a flat plate with various injection temperatures. Then, it has been used to evaluate the influence of jets interactions, of confinement and of a concave impingement surface. Finally, a large scale model of a turbine blade has been studied
Duchêne, Christophe. "Étude numérique du refroidissement par film : phénomènes de base et application à la protection thermique des aubes de turbines." Nantes, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NANT2118.
Full textGuillou, Florian. "Modélisation et simulations numériques stationnaires de l'aérothermique des circuits internes d'aubes de turbines refroidies." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUES055.
Full textThe increase in gas turbine performance based on a turbine entry temperature rise requires the improvement of the blade cooling efficiency. Blades are cooled by internal convection thanks to the injection of high-pressure unburnt air into cooling channels. Therefore fast and reliable numerical tools are able to predict internal convective heat transfers are needed for the design of turbine blades. The goal of the present work was to develop methodologies for RANS simulations able to achieve such predictions. The software platform of Onera called CEDRE, which is designed for unstructured meshes, has been used. Focus was on the modeling of the Reynolds stress tensor and the enthalpy turbulent fluxes for both high-Reynolds and near-wall areas. Meshing strategy was also considered. Greater emphasis was placed on the approaches that could yield the best quality/cost ratio. For that reason one-equation turbulence models based on eddy viscosity, explicit algebraic Reynolds stress models and advanced wall laws have been evaluated on their ability to reproduce the effects of rotation and flow curvature on turbulence anisotropy, and on the consequences of these effects on convective heat transfers. Validations were carried out by comparison with the experimental data obtained both on the MERCI and BATHIRE test rigs of Onera and in the framework of the european project ERICKA. Promising results were obtained with an explicit algebraic Reynolds stress model for turbulent momentum fluxes and a model based on a generalized gradient-diffusion hypothesis for turbulent enthalpy fluxes. The obtained methodology was successfully applied to a real blade configuration from Snecma
Lopez-Velasco, Jean-Baptiste. "Etude aérothermique expérimentale et numérique d'un système de refroidissement de parois de chambres de combustion de turbines à gaz à faibles émissions polluantes." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2316.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is the conception and testing of a device which promotes the heat flux of a double-wall for low emissions combustion systems. The literature study prevailed the use of Offset Strip Fins (OSF) as heat flux promoter. Three double-wall with OSF have been tested in a combustion test cell equipped with: gas analysers, for calculating discharge coefficients, pressure sensors, thermocouples, and infrared thermometry. Velocity measurements on a 40 scale OSF also have been obtained by using Laser Doppler Anemometry. A simplified 1D model, capable of calculating temperatures profiles or analysing the experiments, is presented. The comparisons between the experimental results and the 1D / 3D RANS Fluent calculations permitted the evaluation of the Manglik & Bergles correlations concerning the pressure drop and the heat transfer coefficient of heat exchangers of the type OSF. After presenting the specific methodology of analysis a new correlation is derived
Subramanian, Arunprasath. "Contribution to Aerothermal Study of a Film Cooling Geometric Design using ZnO Phosphorescence Thermography and Numerical Simulations." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ESMA0006.
Full textFilm cooling of aircraft gas turbine blades has been in use since a few decades now to improve the Turbine Inlet Temperature (TIT) and to extend the lifetime of the turbine blade. Additionally, stringent emission norms stipulate the improvement of overall efficiency of the gas turbine engine and hence the need to improve film cooling process. Film cooling is a technique where a cold jet is injected through discrete holes on the surface of the turbine blade, so as to form a layer of cool air over the surface of the blade, effectively protecting the blade from high temperature crossflows arising from the combustion chamber. This problem can be viewed as a Jet In Cross-Flow (JICF) phenomena where the interaction of the crossflow with a jet injected perpendicular or at an angle creates a system of vortices. One of the most important vortex systems in this arrangement is the Counter Rotating Vortex Pair arising from the shear forces at the sides of the ejecting jet with the crossflow primarily. The bending of the jet along the direction of the crossflow promotes the CRVP to ingest hot crossflow into the jet stream which reduces the effectiveness of the film cooling system. Hence, in this study, an auxiliary hole system is studied experimentally and numerically to reduce the intensity and the height of the CRVP which eventually helps in an augmented adiabatic film cooling effectiveness. The auxiliary holes placed upstream of the main film cooling hole reduces the intensity of the main hole CRVP due to the reduction in the shear forces experienced by the jet emanating from the main hole. In this thesis numerical analysis through RANS study using k-ω SST turbulence model to have a preliminary understanding of the auxiliary hole system and a detailed understanding of the flow structure using Large Eddy Simulation are performed. The highlight of this work is the development of single camera phosphor thermometry using the spectral intensity ratio method. This technique allows the measurement of the instantaneous and mean flow temperature non-intrusively. A detailed analysis of the emission properties of ZnO phosphor upon excitation by a 266nm laser is described. A calibration procedure for the intensity ratio method is defined and it is tested using a Rayleigh-Bénard natural convection process. This phosphor thermometry procedure with the validated code is implemented on the new BATH test Rig to study film cooling arrangements. Three different configurations are tested for their aero-thermal characteristics at penetration blowing ratio regime. Analysis of the experimental and numerical results help in identifying key vortex structures, leading to the better understanding of reasons for the augmentation of film cooling effectiveness in the auxiliary hole system compared to a classical simple cylindrical hole
Florenciano, Merino Juan Luis. "Étude de la réponse d'un écoulement avec transfert pariétal de masse à un forçage acoustique : application au refroidissement des chambres de combustion aéronautiques." Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU3013/document.
Full textThis experimental and numerical study in the field of fluid mechanics deals with jets-in cross flow configurations that are relevant for the cooling of aero engine combustion chambers. Indeed, in presence of instabilities it is important to determine to which extent the film cooling is able to do its job of preserving the combustion chamber walls from the thermal load. The test facility MAVERIC has been upgraded in order to acoustically force the crossflow in which the jets are discharging. The strong sensitivity of the overall flow unsteady properties to the presence of the acoustic forcing has been clearly evidenced. The agreement between the experimental results and large-eddy simulations proved to be quite encouraging for a stationary acoustic wave whereas the case of a propagating acoustic wave investigated only numerically reveals also quite a significant change of the flow topology. In this context, the effect of the acoustic forcing on the wall thermal behavior has been analyzed thanks to the use of the fluid-solid coupled AVBP-AVTP solver
Benoit, Laurent. "Prédiction des instabilités thermoacoustiques dans les turbines à gaz." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20044.
Full textSalome, Philippe. "Le gaz moleculaire dans les galaxies abritant un courant de refroidissement." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00338287.
Full textBayet, Estelle. "L'émission submillimétrique du gaz dans les galaxies : taux de refroidissement et formation." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066618.
Full textLebel, Larry. "Electronic temperature sensor arrays for gas turbine components." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2004. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1255.
Full textEmidio, Jean Manuel. "Refroidissement pariétal par multiperforations : Détermination de lois d'efficacité de refroidissement dans les conditions réelles de fonctionnement de chambres de combustion de turbines aéronautiques." Pau, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PAUU3030.
Full textThe increase of turbomachines performances goes through the augmentation of pressures and working temperatures, therefore by high thermal stresses on hot parts, particularly on combustion chambers. Thermomechanical behaviour of these parts require the improvement of parietal cooling methods efficiency. The multiperforation cooling method, seems to present an important potential of optimisation as well on a conception way than on a realisation way. In order to predict the local temperature evolutions among a new cooled combustion chamber walls, it is necessary to know the wall heat transfer limit conditions in the film cooling. A new method for the calculation of local convective heat transfer coefficient and adiabatic wall temperature operating in real cases, and a modelisation of heat transfer on a multihole plate, including an optimal research by a Nelder Mead simplex method and a neural network has been developed in the "Laboratoire Aquitain de Recherche en Aérothermique"
Grosnickel, Thomas. "Simulations des grandes échelles pour la prédiction des écoulements de refroidissement des pales de turbines." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0008/document.
Full textAeronautical engine designers are constantly subject to increasing power demands from aircraft manufacturers. To satisfy this requirement, combustor outlet temperature can be increased to improve efficiency and output energy of the engine. This rise in temperature however can surpass the material melting point and to avoid engine failure, turbine blades rely on internal cooling systems. Turbine blade cooling often uses internal channels, taking cold air from the compressor flow. Design of these systems therefore resumes to maximizing heat transfer enhancement while minimizing airflow rate to avoid engine power penalties. However, such flows are still largely uncontrolled and miss-understood. In an attempt to better understand such spatially developing rotating flows, the present study deals with a computational investigation on a straight, rotating rib roughened cooling channel. The configuration consists in a squared channel equipped with 8 ribs turbulators placed with an angle of 90 degrees with respect to the flow direction. For the studied cases, time resolved two-dimensional Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements have been performed at the Van Karman Institute (VKI). Adiabatic as well as isothermal conditions have been investigated to evaluate the impact of the wall temperature on the flow, especially in the rotating configurations. Static as well as both positive and negative rotating channels are compared with, in each case, either an adiabatic or an isothermal flow prediction. In this work, Large Eddy Simulation (LES) results show that the high fidelity CFD model is able to reproduce the differences induced by buoyancy on the flow topology in the near rib region and resulting from an adiabatic or an isothermal flow in rotation. The model manages also to predict the turbulence increase (decrease) around the rib in destabilizing (stabilizing) rotation of the ribbed channels. Finally and thanks to the full spatial and temporal description produced by LES, the spatial development and the unsteadiness of secondary flows are analyzed to better understand their origin and potential differences in all a cases. This study shows that the wall heat flux topology is driven by the secondary flows structure and the wall heat flux intensity is driven by the level of flow fluctuations in the ribbed region
Thiriet, Romain. "Amélioration de la prévision des performances transitoires des turbines à gaz." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2349.
Full textFor a gas turbine preliminary design, the performances program has to simply integrate complex physical phenomena during transient conditions. This thesis addresses this issue and deals particularly with heat soakage, a transient effect which diminishes the gas turbine acceleration rate. The heat soakage modelling has been performed with the nodal method. This system approach enabled us to build simple heat transfer models for each engine component. After a detailed analysis of the air flow and the wall geometries characteristics usually found in a gas turbine, some laws, taken from experimental studies, have been used to model the convective and radiative heat transfers. A geometrical perimeter and a refining mesh study allowed us to reduce the models size without cartooning the described physical phenomena. A validation of the heat transfers model has been done by comparing the wall temperatures computed with those measured in a test bench. The update of the gas turbine performances program with the heat transfers models has diminished dramatically the prediction errors of the engine acceleration capabilities. This result is still valid within the whole flight envelope and for others turboshafts arrangements and several sizes. Eventually, in order to grasp the residual errors of prediction, the engine performances sensitivity to thermomechanical effects and combustion efficiency has been also studied
Robart, Nicolas. "Contrôle actif des instabilités de combustion dans les turbines à gaz." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT026H.
Full textGODIN, THIERRY. "Activite chimique des gaz de combustion au cours de la detente dans les futures turbines a gaz." Paris, ENMP, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENMP0693.
Full textBayet, Estelle. "L'émission submillimétrique du gaz dans les galaxies taux de refroidissement et formation d'étoiles." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00346731.
Full textDumont, Richard. "Conception d'un banc d'essais pour la caractérisation d'injecteurs de turbines à gaz." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0022/MQ38072.pdf.
Full textJérémie, Sandrine. "Refroidissement par injection d'eau d'un gaz chaud circulant le long d'une ligne de détente." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ECAP0700.
Full textLaugel, Guillaume. "Combustion catalytique de gaz inflammables à l’aide d’oxydes métalliques : application à la détection de fuites dans des turbines à gaz." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6097.
Full textTo avoid risks of explosion and pollution in industrial combustion installation, such as gas turbines, the detection of residual explosive gases is required. Therefore, in collaboration with General Electric, the work of this thesis was focused on the development and the study of catalytic systems which can be integrated in a future fabrication of a gas sensor. The principle of these sensors is based on the measurement of the gas concentration as a function of the increase in temperature produced by the heat of combustion reaction on the catalytic surface. The combustion of different hydrocarbons (methane, n-butane, isooctane, n-decane) and oxygenated compounds (carbon monoxide, ethanol, methyl octanoate) that are commonly used in gas turbine units was studied. In this type of installation, recent regulations have implemented a sensor response to detect a concentration as low as 5% of the LEL (Lower Explosive Limit) for the above studied fuels. To fulfill this demanding application constraint, the fuels must be introduced at very low concentration (500 – 6250 ppm) during the catalytic tests. Simple and mixed metal oxides based on manganese, iron and cobalt were chosen as catalysts. Perovskites LaBO3 (B = Mn, Fe, Co) and substituted perovskites La0,8A’0,2BO3 (A’ = Ba or Sr and B = Mn or Co) and LaB0,8B’0,2O3 (B = Mn or Co and B’ = Fe or Cu) were prepared using a sol-gel process. Simple oxides and perovskites LaBO3 were supported on a mesoporous silica SBA-15 and on ceria according to the “two-solvents” method. A complete set of physico-chemical characterisations of the different catalysts was realized using several techniques (XRD, TPR, TPD-O2, EPR, NMR, XPS spectroscopy, etc. ) to correlate the structure of the materials with their catalytic activities
Guéry-Odelin, David. "REFROIDISSEMENT PAR EVAPORATION D'UN JET D'ATOMES FROIDS GUIDE MAGNETIQUEMENT. DYNAMIQUE DES GAZ D'ATOMES FROIDS PIEGES." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00112221.
Full textscientifiques depuis ma soutenance de thèse. Au cours de cette
période, mon activité de recherche a été double : (i) j'ai pris en
charge une nouvelle expérience visant à produire une source
continue d'ondes de matière cohérentes, et (ii) j'ai développé des
outils analytiques pour cerner la dynamique des gaz d'atomes
froids piégés.
Dans notre projet expérimental, un jet d'atomes froids et lents
mais non dégénéré est couplé à un guide magnétique le long duquel
un refroidissement par évaporation est mis en oeuvre. En d'autres
termes, nous essayons de transposer les aspects temporels du
protocole d'obtention des condensats de Bose Einstein dans le
domaine spatial : dans notre montage les atomes sont
progressivement refroidis grâce à des zones de refroidissement
séparées spatialement. Une telle démarche doit permettre d'obtenir
un flux continu d'atomes condensés. Une source de ce type, dont
les propriétés sont radicalement différentes de celles d'une
source thermique, pourrait constituer un outil de choix pour de
nombreuses expériences. Les horlosges atomiques, les
interféromètres à ondes de matière, l'holographie atomique ou
encore la nanolithographie sont autant de domaines qui peuvent
potentiellement bénéficier d'amélioration par l'usage d'une source
continue et cohérente d'atomes froids.
Dans le premier chapitre, je décris les différentes parties du
dispositif expérimental et les premiers résultats que nous avons
obtenus. Deux sources d'atomes ont été étudiées pour alimenter
efficacement un piège magnéto-optique anisotrope qui sert
d'injecteur d'atomes froids dans le guide magnétique : (i) un
piège magnéto-optique purement bi-dimensionnel avec des faisceaux
de refroidissement d'intensité relativement élevée , et (ii) un
ralentisseur à effet Zeeman placé en sortie d'un four effusif à
recirculation. Cette dernière source a permis de mesurer un taux
de chargement de l'injecteur de $4\times 10^{10}$ atomes par
seconde. Le confinement magnétique dans l'injecteur est assuré par
un gradient de champ magnétique, alors que le lancement exploite
la technique de la mélasse en mouvement. Le guide magnétique, dont
l'entrée est placée à quelques centimètres seulement de
l'injecteur, procure un gradient de confinement élevé sans altérer
aucunement les performances de l'injecteur. Nous avons démontré,
et pour la première fois, l'alimentation en continu d'un guide
magnétique. Pour optimiser le transfert d'atomes, nous avons
étudié différents protocoles de couplage en mode continu comme en
mode pulsé. Les caractéristiques de notre jet atomique guidé sont
désormais les suivantes : un flux de $7\times 10^9$ atomes par
seconde, une température de 400 micro K pour un confinement
transverse de 600 Gauss/cm, et une vitesse moyenne de 1 m/s.
Le deuxième chapitre est dédié à la physique des collisions au
sein du jet d'atomes guidé magnétiquement. Nous présentons tout
d'abord une nouvelle technique spectroscopique de mesure de la
température du jet. Grâce à deux antennes radio-fréquences
disposées le long du guide, nous avons pu mettre le jet dans un
état hors d'équilibre, puis suivre le retour à l'équilibre grâce à
l'antenne placée en aval. Cette expérience montre le phénomène de
thermalisation dans un régime collisionnel dominé par les ondes d.
Dans une deuxième série d'expériences, le jet a été ralenti à une
vitesse de 60 cm/s grâce à une pente appliquée sur la première
partie du guide magnétique. Le taux de collisions relativement
élevé a permis d'amorcer le refroidissement par évaporation forcé.
Une réduction de la température par un facteur 4 a ainsi été
obtenue, correspondant à un gain en densité dans l'espace des
phases d'un ordre de grandeur.
Le dernier chapitre est consacré au développement de méthodes
analytiques pour caractériser la dynamique des gaz piégés. Nous
mis au point essentiellement deux outils. Le premier est la
méthode dite des moyennes. Il a permis d'étudier les oscillations
collectives d'un gaz classique, la mise en rotation d'un gaz par
le biais d'une anisotropie tournante, et la dynamique de
rethermalisation d'un mélange de gaz d'atomes froids. Cet outil a
pu être étendu au cas d'un condensat de Bose Einstein dans le
régime de Thomas-Fermi. Il a ainsi été possible d'étudier le mode
ciseau. Ce mode d'oscillation pendulaire révèle les propriétés de
superfluidité d'un condensat de Bose Einstein. Le deuxième outil
que nous avons développé repose sur des solutions approchées par
changement d'échelle de l'équation de Boltzmann. Nous avons montré
ainsi que les temps de relaxation pertinents pour décrire
l'amortissement des oscillations collectives d'un gaz classique
piégé, et les expériences de temps de vol sont intimement reliés.
Les deux méthodes que nous avons élaborées permettent de décrire
également tous les régimes collisionnels, et en particulier la
transition d'un régime sans collision à un régime hydrodynamique.
L'essentiel de nos prédictions théoriques a été utilisé soit pour
analyser, expliquer ou extraire des informations de données
expérimentales. Les outils que nous avons développés ont par
ailleurs été largement utilisés et adaptés pour traiter des
problèmes connexes de notre communauté.
Guéry-Odelin, David. "Dynamique collisionnelle des gaz d'alcalins lourds : du refroidissement évaporatif à la condensation de Bose-Einstein." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001134.
Full textété rendue possible grâce à l'utilisation du refroidissement évaporatif dans les
pièges magnétiques. Cette technique repose sur les collisions élastiques entre atomes
froids. Pour étendre cette méthode au cas des atomes de césium 133, nous avons
étudié la section efficace de collision élastique de ces atomes. Nous avons mis
en évidence une forte variation de cette dernière avec la température, traduisant
l'existence d'une résonance à énergie nulle. Nous avons ensuite montré la limitation
du gain dans l'espace des phases, due aux collisions inélastiques qui prennent place
au sein du gaz. Pour les deux états a priori bien adaptés à une expérience de
condensation, l'état foublement polarisé F=m=4 et l'état hyperfin inférieur F=-m=3, nous
avons mesuré des taux de collisions inélastiques exceptionnellement élevés en comparaison
de ceux des autres alcalins. Dans les deux cas, la dépendance en température de ces taux
a été systématiquement étudiée. Pour l'état hyperfin inférieur, un emballement du refroidissement évaporatif a néanmoins permis de gagner plus de cinq ordres de grandeur dans l'espace des
phases, mais les collisions inélastiques ne nous ont pas permis d'atteindre le seuil de
condensation de Bose-Einstein. Pour cet état, une forte dépendance en champ magnétique du taux
inélastique a de plus été observé. L'expérience a ensuite été adaptée aux atomes de rubidium 87,
et a conduit à l'observation de la condensation de Bose-Einstein. La caractérisation du condensat
et sa durée de vie sont détaillées dans la thèse.
Guéry-Odelin, David. "Dynamique collisionnelle des gaz d'alcalins lourds : du refroidissement evaporatif a la condensation de bose-einstein." Paris 6, 1998. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001134.
Full textArtizzu, Paola. "Combustion catalytique du méthane à haute température : application dans les turbines à gaz." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10261.
Full textBernier, Daniel. "Contrôle actif des instabilités de combustion dans les turbines à gaz bas-NOx." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ECAP0718.
Full textMohamad, Abdul Hamid Jacquet-Richardet Georges. "Réponse forcée des ensembles tournants de turbomachines application au cas d'une turbine à gaz /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://csidoc.insa-lyon.fr/these/2002/mohamad/index.html.
Full textZollinger, Julien Combeau Hervé Daloz Dominique. "Influence de l'oxygène sur le comportement à la solidification d'aluminiures de titane binaires et alliés au niobium basés sur le composé intermétallique [gamma]-TiAI." S. l. : INPL, 2008. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2008_ZOLLINGER_J.pdf.
Full textRehayem, Elias. "Modélisation des turbomachines : Dérivation d’un modèle phénoménologique de combustion pour la simulation de transitoires sur hélicoptères." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC056/document.
Full textThis work investigates a unique 0D/1D physical approach for gas turbine combustor modelling. It accounts for fuel evaporation, turbulence, combustion, and allows to represent dilution stages. Detailed pollutants formation models can also be added. The chosen formalism, based on the Bond Graph theory approach, allows to describe systems organised in a series of submodel components such as a series of open volumes forming a flame tube, or a combustor coupled to a compressor and turbine but they can also be combined with control and regulation devices in order to represent a complete rotorcraft. The essence of the PhD strategy is the application of a 0D combustion paradigm, obtained at IFP Energies nouvelles by formal reduction of 3D approaches for gas turbines. More in details, a new combustion model was developed integrating the Coherent Flame Model (CFM) formalism which allows to distinguish between fresh gases and burned gases separating them with a turbulent flame. The flame tube submodel features a physical description of the flame thanks to thorough understanding given by 3D CFD simulation results validated against experimental measurements. More specifically, LES results corresponding to a single phase test rig were analysed in order to characterise premixed turbulent combustion in a swirl burner. Finally, a real turboshaft combustor sector case was studied by means of CFD simulations to investigate the relevance of the 0D/1D flame tube model and to determine modelling strategies for the completion of the new gas turbine system simulation approach
Carbonneau, Xavier. "Contribution à l'optimisation des étages de turbines centripètes de faibles dimensions." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT051H.
Full textBufi, Elio Antonio. "Optimisation robuste de turbines pour les cycles organiques de Rankine (ORC)." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENAM0070/document.
Full textIn recent years, the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) technology has received great interest from the scientific and technical community because of its capability to recover energy from low-grade heat sources. In some applications, as the Waste Heat Recovery (WHR), ORC plants need to be as compact as possible because of geometrical and weight constraints. Recently, these issues have been studied in order to promote the ORC technology for Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) applications. The idea to recover this residual energy is not new and the 1970s energy crisis encouraged the development of feasible ORC small-scale plants (1-10 kWe). Due to the molecular complexity of the working fluids, strong real gas effects have to be taken into account because of the high pressures and densities, if compared to an ideal gas. In these conditions the fluid is known as dense gas. Dense gases are defined as single phase vapors, characterized by complex molecules and moderate to large molecular weights. The role of dense gas dynamics in transonic internal flows has been widely studied for its importance in turbomachinery applications involved in low-grade energy exploitation, such as the ORC. Recently, the attention has been focused on axial turbines, which minimize the system size, if compared with radial solutions at the same pressure ratios and enthalpy drops. In this work, a novel design methodology for supersonic ORC axial impulse turbine stages is proposed. It consists in a fast, accurate two-dimensional design which is carried out for the mean-line stator and rotor blade rows of a turbine stage by means of a method of characteristic (MOC) extended to a generic equation of state. The viscous effects are taken into account by introducing a proper turbulent compressible boundary layer correction to the inviscid design obtained with MOC. Since proposed heat sources for ORC turbines typically include variable energy sources such as WHR from industrial processes or automotive applications, as a result, to improve the feasibility of this technology, the resistance to variable input conditions is taken into account. The numerical optimization under uncertainties is called Robust Optimization (RO) and it overcomes the limitation of deterministic optimization that neglects the effect of uncertainties in design variables and/or design parameters. To measure the robustness of a new design, statistics such as mean and variance (or standard deviation) of a response are calculated in the RO process. In this work, the MOC design of supersonic ORC nozzle blade vanes is used to create a baseline injector shape. Subsequently, this is optimized through a RO loop. The stochastic optimizer is based on a Bayesian Kriging model of the system response to the uncertain parameters, used to approximate statistics of the uncertain system output, coupled to a multi-objective non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA). An optimal shape that maximizes the mean and minimizes the variance of the expander isentropic efficiency is searched. The isentropic efficiency is evaluated by means of RANS (Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes) simulations of the injector. The fluid thermodynamic behavior is modelled by means of the well-known Peng-Robinson-Stryjek-Vera equation of state. The blade shape is parametrized by means of a Free Form Deformation approach. In order to speed-up the RO process, an additional Kriging model is built to approximate the multi-objective fitness function and an adaptive infill strategy based on the Multi Objective Expected Improvement for the individuals is proposed in order to improve the surrogate accuracy at each generation of the NSGA. The robustly optimized ORC expander shape is compared to the results provided by the MOC baseline shape and the injector designed by means of a standard deterministic optimizer
Paquet, Bernard. "Développement d'un nouveau type d'injecteur hybride à pression et électrostatique pour turbines à gaz." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0011/MQ41978.pdf.
Full textStaffelbach, Gabriel Poinsot Thierry. "Simulation aux grandes échelles et analyse acoustique de turbines à gaz industrielles multi-brûleurs." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2006. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000245.
Full textCrabos, Fabrice. "Caractérisation, évaluation et optimisation de systèmes barrière thermique industriels. Applications aux turbines à gaz." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT018G.
Full textStaffelbach, Gabriel. "Simulation aux grandes échelles et analyse acoustique de turbines à gaz industrielles multi-brûleurs." Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000245/.
Full textPollutant emissions restrictions have driven gas turbine manufacturers to employ new technologies and to operate these systems in extreme operating conditions where combustion instabilities may develop. Extended experimental and numerical studies are required to assess the danger to the turbine. For annular combustors, most tests are performed in reduced single-burner configurations. This thesis proposes to study using Large Eddy Simulation two phenomena that are neglected: burner/burner interaction and the impact of acoustic azimuthal modes on the burners. An additional issue considered is the effect of the pilot fuel injection on the flame stability
Mohamad, Abdul Hamid. "Réponse forcée des ensembles tournants de turbomachines : application au cas d'une turbine à gaz." Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2002ISAL0035/these.pdf.
Full textTurbomachines is the pieces in strategic fields such as transport (aircraft motor, turbo-compressor of motor vehicle…) and the energy production (vapor turbine of power station…). Taking into account the complexity of their dynamic behavior, the richness of possible excitations and for advancing towards a better control of their problems, the design of the machines cannot only be based on the forecast of the characteristics of type frequencies and modes. It thus becomes essential to be able to stimulate the real behavior of the structure under operation, simulation of type forced response under excitations induced by the environment. This objective is a major aspect in the turbomachines field and mobilizes significant research efforts. However, at the moment it is for only very partially achieved. One of the main excitation mechanisms of the blades is related to the rotation of the structure in a distributed stationary fluid field. These perturbations are the inevitable consequence of the obstacles crossed by the fluid. Combined with the rotation they operate on the blades as a distributed force variable throughout time and are thus able, under certain conditions, to excite its natural frequencies. The objective of work presented is to lead a series of basic studies in order to be able to control the mechanisms better which are brought into play as well as the numeric techniques adapted to their modeling. The first chapter enumerates the models usually met and establishes an analytical model used as a reference for the continuation of work. The second chapter makes it possible to establish the techniques of taken into account of the excitations distributed in the finite elements models, for the cyclic structures. The third chapter clarifies the field of validity of the mechanisms of the highlighted response. Finally, the final chapter presents an application on a real turbine blade
Abasian, Fatemeh. "Conception et analyse thermodynamique d'une microturbine pour la production d'électricité." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35277.
Full textBelgacem, Mayouf. "Étude de réacteurs équipés de turbines autoaspirantes : modélisation et simulation pour le cas d'une turbine Rushton." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL131N.
Full textCenusa, Victor-Eduard Feidt Michel Benelmir Riad Badea Adrian. "Contribution à l'amélioration du couplage thermodynamique entre l'installation de la turbine à gaz et l'installation de la turbine à vapeur dans les centrales électriques à cycles combinés gaz/vapeur." (S.l.) : (s.n.), 2004. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2004_0228_CENUSA.pdf.
Full textThèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre.
Bisson, Jérémie. "Modélisation 0D/1D des émissions de particules de suie dans les turbines à gaz aéronautiques." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2014. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1328/1/BISSON_J%C3%A9r%C3%A9mie.pdf.
Full textTruffin, Karine Cuenot Bénédicte. "Simulation aux grandes échelles et identification acoustique des turbines à gaz en régime partiellement prémélangé." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000663.
Full textTruffin, Karine. "Simulation aux grandes échelles et identification acoustique des turbines à gaz en régime partiellement prémélangé." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7719/1/truffin1.pdf.
Full textCenusa, Victor-Eduard. "Contribution à l'amélioration du couplage thermodynamique entre l'installation de la turbine à gaz et l'installation de la turbine à vapeur dans les centrales électriques à cycles combinés gaz/vapeur." Nancy 1, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2004_0228_CENUSA.pdf.
Full textIn 1st chapter is made: a) a presentation the state of the art in gas turbines (GT) and combined cycles (CC); b) an analyze of CC which use "H" technologies. The 2nd chapter shows the original mathematical model and the computing program of GT, based on sheet data (manufacturer's data). The 3rd and 4th chapters show the mathematical models and computing programs for the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) exergetic optimization with one and two pressure level of steam production, by imposing the total heat transfer area. Into the 5th chapter is made a sensibility analysis of HRSG optimization. The 6th chapter shows the CC optimization with HRSG which have one or two pressure level of steam production without reheating. The final section contents the closing conclusions
Jean, Joël, and Joël Jean. "Characterisation of different biofuel blends for cold start and altitude relight in aeroengines." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35414.
Full textL'objectif du projet de recherche est d'identifier les biocarburants les plus prometteurs pour une utilisation dans les turbines à gaz actuelles réduisant ainsi les émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Cette étude examinera le fonctionnement d’une chambre de combustion tubulaire lors de tests d’opérabilités (démarrage à froid et rallumage en haute altitude) en déterminant les ratios carburant-air minimum et maximum. Pour évaluer leur rendement de combustion par rapport à ces conditions d’opérabilités, les enveloppes d’allumages sont obtenues pour sept nouveaux mélanges de biocarburants obtenus à partir de la caméline ou du jatropha mélangé avec du Jet A-1 et diverses teneurs en aromatiques comparées au carburant de référence soit le Jet A-1. Ces nouveaux mélanges de biocarburants ont été sélectionnés en fonction de la durabilité de l’approvisionnement et du potentiel de réduction des émissions. En général, le projet a démontré que les mélanges de biocarburants de deuxième génération sont des carburants alternatifs viables au pétrole actuel apportant également des avantages environnementaux et pouvant être produits en grandes quantités sans impact majeur sur la chaîne d'approvisionnement alimentaire.
The objective of the proposed research is to identify the most promising drop-in biofuels for use in aircraft gas turbines and their potential to reduce greenhouse gases. This investigation reviews proper engine operability (cold start and altitude relight) and allows determining the minimum and maximum fuel-air ratios for these conditions. To evaluate their relative combustion performance, cold start and altitude relight maps are obtained for seven new biofuel blends obtained from camelina or jatropha mixed with Jet A-1 fuel with various aromatic contents and compared to Jet A-1 as the baseline fuel. These new biofuel blends were selected based on sustainability of supply and potential for reduction of emissions. In general, the project demonstrated that at least second generation biofuel blends are viable alternative fuels to the current petroleum based that can also bring environmental benefits and can be producible in large quantities without impacting the food supply chain.
The objective of the proposed research is to identify the most promising drop-in biofuels for use in aircraft gas turbines and their potential to reduce greenhouse gases. This investigation reviews proper engine operability (cold start and altitude relight) and allows determining the minimum and maximum fuel-air ratios for these conditions. To evaluate their relative combustion performance, cold start and altitude relight maps are obtained for seven new biofuel blends obtained from camelina or jatropha mixed with Jet A-1 fuel with various aromatic contents and compared to Jet A-1 as the baseline fuel. These new biofuel blends were selected based on sustainability of supply and potential for reduction of emissions. In general, the project demonstrated that at least second generation biofuel blends are viable alternative fuels to the current petroleum based that can also bring environmental benefits and can be producible in large quantities without impacting the food supply chain.
Bouchoule, Isabelle. "Refroidissement par bandes latérales d'atomes de Césium et quelques applications." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011771.
Full textMartin, Charles-Etienne Cuenot Bénédicte. "Étude énergétique des instabilités thermo-acoustiques et optimisation génétique des cinétiques réduites." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2006. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000177.
Full textLartigue, Ghislain Poinsot Thierry. "Simulation des grandes échelles et instabilités de combustion." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000128.
Full textBoileau, Matthieu Cuenot Bénédicte. "Simulation aux grandes échelles de l'allumage diphasique des foyers aéronautiques." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000558.
Full textDioc, Nathalie. "Etude expérimentale des mécanismes d'instabilité dans un brûleur à injection étagée : application aux turbines à gaz." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ECAP0994.
Full textThis experimental study aims to analyse instability mechanisms in an injection-staged burner, as in gas turbines. Therefore, an academic burner has been designed to be representative of industrial configurations. The complete characterization of this burner has been performed with different diagnostics: laser induced fluorescence, particle imaging velocimetry, laser tomography, etc. Spectral analysis of the burner has revealed non-stationary regimes, necessary in the development of unstable modes. In parallel, pollutant emissions are minimized for high levels of pulsation, as mixing is locally improved. This antagonist behaviour is associated to the influence of staging on flame structure and more particularly on the position of flame stabilization. A study of non-reactive flow aerodynamics enables to identify a “vortex breakdown” stabilization, typical of high-swirl burners. Precisely, the swirl movement implies a structure of “Precessing Vortex Core”, with an important internal recirculation zone. The stagnation point of this PVC is located in the injection system. The rotation frequency of the structure has been estimated near frequencies observed for unstable regimes. But, the similarity between non-reactive and reactive flows needs to be demonstrated. A detailed study of flame structure points out the link between staging and global shape and position of the reaction zone. With knowledge acquired on academic burners concerning instability mechanism, an industrial configuration has been implemented. The establishment of transfer functions enables to analyse the response of the burner to external pulsations
Matteï, Jérémie Hugo. "Modélisation analytique et numérique de la cavité interne d'un injecteur rotatif fronde pour turbines à gaz." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27485/27485.pdf.
Full textMATHIS, GAEL. "Outils de détection de rupture et de diagnostic : application à la surveillance de turbines à gaz." Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN10121.
Full textBazin, Antoine. "Modélisation numérique du retour de chaleur post-arrêt dans une turbine à gaz." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25410.
Full textHeat soak-back is a phenomenon observed in many thermal applications including internal combustion engines. Post shutdown studies of these systems, particularly gas turbines, have shown that a massive heat wave could diffuse in the engine causing potential damage. As moving parts in the engine immobilize, heat diffuses freely from hotter to colder sections, including cavities such as the combustor. Primarily composed of free convection, the heat front in the combustor may cause premature coking in the top dead center injectors as the buoyant hot air tends to reach the upper section of the combustor. The following investigation implies computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation in order to predict the thermal behaviour and magnitude of this soak-back phenomenon inside a modified can combustor test rig and its potential consequences on the fuel delivery system. The numerical model will eventually be validated using experimentations with this combustor equipped with complementary thermal accumulation masses.