Academic literature on the topic 'Turbina a vapore'
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Journal articles on the topic "Turbina a vapore"
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Rufato, David Cesar, Pablo Henrique Cipriano, Antônio Carlos Muniz Ventura Júnior, and Maria Aparecida Bovério. "LUBRIFICAÇÃO EM TURBINAS A VAPOR." SITEFA - Simpósio de Tecnologia da Fatec Sertãozinho 3, no. 1 (March 7, 2021): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.33635/sitefa.v3i1.127.
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Desde a revolução industrial, uma das maiores preocupações dentro de uma indústria é evitar paradas indesejadas de seus equipamentos. Por décadas, a manutenção vem se especializando em métodos e meios para que a produção seja plena, sem contratempos. Nesse sentido, essa pesquisa tem por finalidade apresentar a importância da lubrificação industrial em turbinas a vapor, o uso correto de lubrificantes e como é feito seu descarte. Um bom plano de lubrificação dará a plenitude da vida útil de peças e equipamentos. Esse artigo teve como objetivo analisar os métodos de lubrificação em uma destilaria, especificamente em uma turbina. O tema-problema da pesquisa foi saber quais são os processos de lubrificação em uma turbina a vapor. Por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e de um estudo de caso em uma destilaria da região de Ribeirão Preto/SP, buscou-se investigar a lubrificação em turbinas a vapor, os métodos corretos de se fazer a lubrificação, o descarte do óleo lubrificante, a filtragem e o que ocasiona o desgaste. Como resultados dessa pesquisa pôde-se verificar que o processo de lubrificação em uma turbina a vapor é um sistema simples, porém eficaz. Conclui-se que a lubrificação é um fator decisivo sendo uma fonte de ganhos, proporcionando melhor rendimento dos equipamentos e, principalmente, a redução dos custos efetivos da manutenção.
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Muhamad Rizky Septianto, Massus Subekti, and Daryanto. "RANCANG BANGUN TURBIN UAP PADA MAKET PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA UAP." Journal of Electrical Vocational Education and Technology 2, no. 2 (March 29, 2020): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jevet.0022.08.
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The purpose of this study was to produce a prototype steam turbine at maket power plant steam generator
torque that can play. The research method used in this research is descriptive analysis by type of engineering. Steam turbine is a Primemover that converts potential energy into mechanical energy in the form of rotation of the turbine shaft. Steam turbine constructed dimensions turbine type used single stage impulse turbine, turbine disc diameter of 33mm, the amount of movement of the blade 30 pieces, the distance between the blade
14,6mm, radious 2,63mm blade, the type of nozzle used convergent, area 3,2cm2 neck cross-section, the cross sectional area of 3,2cm2 side exit. Mockups of the steam turbine can generate 1490 rpm for turbine with a steam generator at a pressure of 4 kg/cm2 using a water volume of 19 liters. Maximum pressure that can be accepted by the steam turbine is 8 kg/cm2 with 11.000rpm, produced according to the process of heating boiler
which is the maximum vapor pressure of 8kg/cm2 at a temperature of 1700C. and and be able to turn a generator with a torque of 4.6 Nm with a pressure of 8 kg/cm2
The conclusion of this study is the turbine can be built through the calculations have been carried out and taking into account the performance of the boiler and steam generator.Turbin built to produce 1336.6 rpm to spin the turbine without the steam generator at a pressure of 2 kg / cm2. Steam turbines are built to produce
1408 rpm, and generates a voltage 140.8 volts, and be able to play generatoe torque of 0.6 Nm for turbine with the steam generator at a pressure of 4 kg / cm2. Maximum pressure received by the steam turbine is 8 kg / cm2 at 10 453 rpm for the turbine without a generator, and a voltage of 271.8 volts produces, as well as being able to roll generatoe torque of 0.9 Nm for turbine with a generator on the vapor pressure of the incoming sebesae
8 kg / cm2.
Abstrak
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan prototipe turbin uap yang mampu memutar torsi generator. Metode penelitian yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif dengan jenis rekayasa
teknik. Turbin uap (steam turbine) adalah penggerak mula yang merubah energi potensial menjadi energi mekanis dalam bentuk putaran poros turbin. Turbin uap yang dibangun memiliki dimensi jenis turbin yang
digunakan turbin impuls single stage, cakram turbin berdiameter 33 mm, jumlah sudu gerak 30 buah, jarak bagi antar sudu 14,6mm, jari–jari sudu 2,63mm, jenis nosel yang digunakan konvergen, luas penampang leher
3,2cm2, luas penampang sisi keluar 3,2cm2. Maket turbin uap tersebut dapat menghasilkan 1490 rpm untuk putaran turbin dengan generator pada tekanan uap 4 kg/cm2 menggunakan volume air 19 liter. Tekanan
maksimal yang mampun diterima oleh turbin uap ini adalah 8 kg/cm2 dengan 11.000rpm, sesuai yang dihasilkan pada proses memanasan boiler yaitu tekanan uap maksimalnya adalah 8kg/cm2 pada suhu 170oC. serta mampu memutar generator dengan torsi 4,6 N dengan tekanan 8 kg/cm2.
Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah turbin dapat dibangun melalui perhitungan yang telah dilakukan dan dengan mempertimbangkan unjuk kerja antara boiler dan generator.Turbin uap yang dibangun dapat
menghasilkan 1336,6 rpm untuk putaran turbin tanpa generator pada tekanan uap 2 kg/cm2. Turbin uap yang dibangun dapat menghasilkan 1408 rpm, dan menghasilkan tegangan 140,8 volt, serta mampu memutar torsi generatoe sebesar 0,6 Nm untuk putaran turbin dengan generator pada tekanan uap 4 kg/cm2. Tekanan maksimal yang diterima oleh turbin uap ini adalah 8 kg/cm2 dengan 10.453 rpm untuk putaran turbin tanpa generator, dan menghasilkan tegangan 271,8 volt, serta mampu memutar torsi generatoe sebesar 0,9 Nm untuk
putaran turbin dengan generator pada tekanan uap yang masuk sebesae 8 kg/cm2.
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Kicha, M. A., V. S. Mikhailenko, and D. S. Malovik. "Concentration of saturated turbine oil vapors in ship spaces as function of temperature." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre 1, no. 403 (February 15, 2023): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2023-1-403-107-115.
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Object and purpose of research. The archival results of the study of the dependence of the concentration of saturated turbine oil vapors in the air of the ship's room on temperature in the range from 15 °С to 110 °С are presented. Subject matter and methods. The method of measuring the mass loss of an equilibrium cell containing the test sample in an air stream with a known temperature and flow rate providing saturation of the air with turbine oil vapors is used. Main results. Experimental data are theoretically justified by a dependency that provides reliable interpolation and extrapolation. Conclusion. The data obtained can be used in calculating the concentration of turbine oil in shipboard and other rooms, as well as for planning similar studies of other turbine oils and other liquids with a low saturated vapor pressure. The data can also be useful in the development of test equipment to test the effectiveness of air filters.
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Zhalehrajabi, Ehsan, and Nejat Rahmanian. "Nucleation and Condensation Modeling of Metal Vapor in Laval Nozzle." Advanced Materials Research 925 (April 2014): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.925.185.
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Nucleation and condensation of mercury vapor has been investigated in various divergent angle and operating condition. Divergent angle has a great effect on droplet size at the end of nozzle. Influence of operating condition such as pressure and temperature on the size of droplet has been investigated. A one-dimensional mathematical model based on classical nucleation and growth has been developed to calculate the nucleation and condensation of mercury vapor. A mercury vapour turbine has been used in conjunction with a steam turbine for generating electricity. The mercury cycle offers an efficiency increase compared to a steam-only cycle because energy can be injected into the Rankine Cycle at higher temperature. The target of modeling is predicting the droplet size of mercury nanoparticles during rapid expansion. The results are verified by accurate experimental data available in the literature. The governing equations were solved using Runge-Kutta third-order numerical method in MATLAB software.
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Wiśniewski, Sławomir, and Aleksandra Borsukiewicz-Gozdur. "The influence of vapor superheating on the level of heat regeneration in a subcritical ORC coupled with gas power plant." Archives of Thermodynamics 31, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10173-010-0022-9.
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The influence of vapor superheating on the level of heat regeneration in a subcritical ORC coupled with gas power plantThe authors presented problems related to utilization of exhaust gases of the gas turbine unit for production of electricity in an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power plant. The study shows that the thermal coupling of ORC cycle with a gas turbine unit improves the efficiency of the system. The undertaken analysis concerned four the so called "dry" organic fluids: benzene, cyclohexane, decane and toluene. The paper also presents the way how to improve thermal efficiency of Clausius-Rankine cycle in ORC power plant. This method depends on applying heat regeneration in ORC cycle, which involves pre-heating the organic fluid via vapour leaving the ORC turbine. As calculations showed this solution allows to considerably raise the thermal efficiency of Clausius-Rankine cycle.
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Nugroho, Ady Setya. "Perencanaan Pipa Dua Fasa pada Fasilitas Produksi Panas Bumi Dieng." Jurnal Offshore: Oil, Production Facilities and Renewable Energy 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30588/jo.v3i1.492.
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<p><span><span><span>Lapangan Panas Bumi Dieng beroperasi sejak tahun 2004 dengan kapasitas turbin 60 MW serta memiliki target produksi sebesar 55 MW selama tigapuluh tahun. Lapangan ini, masih layak untuk dilakukan pengembangan dengan total sebesar 110 MW. Dalam mengoptimalkan kualitas uap (<em>steam quality</em>) dari kepala sumur sampai dengan input turbin maka perlu adanya perencanan mengenai dimensi dari pipa yang mengalirkan uap. Parameter yang diperhatikan dalam perencanaan pipa dua fasa yaitu diameter pipa dan penurunan tekanan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan diameter pipa dua fasa dan penurunan tekanan pada salah satu sumur pengembangan lapangan Panas Bumi Dieng. Metodologi perhitungan dimensi pipa ini menggunakan standar ASME dalam penentuan diameter pipa dan menghitung besarnya penurunan tekanan sebelum input turbin menggunakan <em>software pipesim. </em>Hasil perhitungan salah satu sumur yang memiliki masa aliran sebesar 60 kg/s <span> </span>didapatkan jenis pipa Xtra Strong (XS) kualitas uap 0.176 dengan diameter pipa 8 inchi serta kecepatan aliran yang optimal sebesar 27.33 m/s <span> </span>serta penurunan tekanan dari <em>well head</em> menuju separator adalah 7, 476 bar dengan tekanan input turbin sebesar 22,985 bar.</span></span></span></p><p><em>Dieng Geothermal Field operates since 2004 with a 60 MW turbine capacity and has a production target of 55 MW for thirty years. This field is still feasible for development with a total of 110 MW. In optimizing the quality of steam (steam quality) from the wellhead to the turbine input, it is necessary to plan on the dimensions of the pipe that flows steam. Parameters that are considered in planning two-phase pipes are pipe diameter and pressure drop. The research objective was to determine the two-phase pipe diameter and pressure drop at one of the wells in the Dieng Geothermal field development. The methodology for calculating the pipe dimensions uses the ASME standard in determining pipe diameter and calculating the amount of pressure drop before the turbine input using pipesim software. The calculation results of one well that has a flow period of 60 kg / s obtained Xtra Strong (XS) pipe type vapor quality 0.176 with 8 inches pipe diameter and optimal flow velocity of 27.33 m / s and pressure drop from well head to separator is 7 , 476 bars with turbine input pressure of 22,985 bars.</em></p>
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Cuevas Arteaga, C. "CREVICES CORROSION IN CRACKS OF AISI-410 USED IN STEAM TURBINES BLADES." Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Química 18, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24275/uam/izt/dcbi/revmexingquim/2019v18n1/cuevas.
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Davydenkov, I. A., A. B. Davydov, and G. A. Perestoronin. "Vapor-liquid turbine expansion engines." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 31, no. 2 (February 1995): 114–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01147389.
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KUDINOV, Anatoliy Aleksandrovich, and Sergey Petrovich GORLANOV. "EFFICIENCY INCREASE OF GAS-TURBINE INSTALLATION BY INJECTION OF WATER VAPOR IN THE NK-37 ENGINE COMBUSTION CHAMBER." Urban construction and architecture 4, no. 1 (March 15, 2014): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2014.01.18.
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The analysis of work of the gas-turbine GTU-25 installation on the basis of the aviation NK-37 engine is made at injection of water vapor in the combustion chamber, advantages and restrictions of this way are described, graphic dependences of the main indicators of overall performance of gas-turbine installation on a consumption of injectable water vapor are given to the combustion chamber.
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Salazar-Pereyra, Martin, Agustín Mora-Ortega, Angélica E. Bonilla-Blancas, Raúl Lugo-Leyte, and Helen D. Lugo-Méndez. "Análisis paramétrico de las centrales geotermoeléctricas: Vapor seco, cámara flash y ciclos híbridos." DYNA 84, no. 203 (October 1, 2017): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v84n203.66126.
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En este trabajo se presenta el análisis termodinámico de las centrales geotérmicas con configuraciones de vapor seco, cámaras flash y ciclos híbridos en función de las condiciones del recurso geotérmico y la presión de la primera cámara flash, considerando la calidad del vapor de la última etapa de expansión como restricción límite de operación; se obtienen las curvas de trabajo de las turbinas de vapor y los perfiles de temperatura del ciclo binario. Para las configuraciones con vapor húmedo, el arreglo con tres cámaras flash presenta la mayor eficiencia térmica, exergética y de trabajo de las turbinas de vapor, por ejemplo para una temperatura de 200°C, el máximo trabajo generado es de 80.11 kJ/kg con una presión de la primera cámara flash de 6.0 bar, la eficiencia térmica y exergética de 10.7% y 44.0% respectivamente, esto se debe principalmente al aprovechamiento del aumento de la entalpía y exergía del vapor.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Turbina a vapore"
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Guarinelo, Júnior Flávio Fernando. "Análise termodinâmica de ciclo combinado operando fora das condições de projeto." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265044.
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Orientador: Jorge Isaías Llagostera BeltránTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
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Resumo: O atendimento da demanda crescente de eletricidade, associado à necessidade do cumprimento de metas de emissões de gases causadores do aquecimento global, será um grande desafio ao setor elétrico nas próximas décadas. A geração de eletricidade ainda necessitará de combustíveis fosseis por muitos anos e a busca por eficiência energética nos processos térmicos que envolvem as usinas termoelétricas será determinante ao cumprimento das metas de emissões. Neste contexto, o ciclo combinado tem sido apresentado como a tecnologia mais eficiente e com o menor impacto ambiental quando se considera o uso de combustíveis fósseis na geração de eletricidade. Possui curtos prazos de instalação e custos relativamente baixos em comparação às outras tecnologias, quer façam uso de fontes renováveis ou não, e tem passado por processos de evolução tecnológica que permitem eficiências de até 62%. Mesmo que apresente características tão favoráveis, o desempenho do ciclo combinado é uma tecnologia sensível quando passa a operar em condições ambiente diferentes daquelas especificadas em projeto. A análise do comportamento do desempenho nestas condições é de extrema importância para fins de avaliação da viabilidade técnica e econômica do ciclo no local a ser instalado e é o tema central deste trabalho. Portanto, a proposta deste trabalho é analisar termodinamicamente a operação do ciclo combinado operando em condições fora-de-projeto (off design) através do desenvolvimento de um sistema de equações não lineares que representam os balanços de massa e energia de cada componente e as relações entre si. O conjunto de equações do modelo analítico é resolvido através de uma ferramenta computacional comercialmente disponível, a qual permite a definição de variáveis independentes e das restrições necessárias a uma solução objetiva. A lógica empregada na solução do conjunto de equações define uma relação direta entre as mesmas através da redução do grau de liberdade de uma determinada variável. A modelagem analítica revelou ser uma ferramenta importante na investigação do comportamento do desempenho do ciclo como um todo e a dependência termodinâmica entre os seus componentes
Abstract: The worldwide growing demand for electricity associated with global warming issues is becoming a great challenge to the electric sector for the next decades. As the power generation still depends on the fossils fuels as main source, the combined cycle is further recognized for its better environmental performance in mitigating air pollution and by reducing the global warming effects. Based on this perspective, the combined cycle has been presented as the most efficient technology, by providing advantages due to its smaller environmental impact when considering the use of fossils fuels in power generation. It is characterized by its low capital cost and short construction lead time in comparison with other technologies, whatever type of renewable fuel is being used or not, it has been experiencing a technological evolution that boost its overall efficiencies to more than 62%. Even though it has been presented with such favorable characteristics, the overall efficiency of the combined cycle is very sensitive to environmental conditions as well as running from the base load. By analyzing all thermodynamic parameters in the combined cycle under off - design conditions it can provide a better understanding in order to develop a technical and economical feasibility and it is the core issue of this work. Therefore, the proposal of this work aims to develop a system of non linear equations that represent the mass and energy balances of all component and the thermodynamic relationships among them. The group of equations of the analytical model is solved through a computational tool, commercially available, which allows the definition of independent variables and all constraint needs to reach a target solution. The logic employed in solving the system of equations defines a direct relationship among each combined cycle's component through the reduction of the degree of freedom of a certain variable. The analytical modeling revealed to be an important tool in the investigation of the combined cycle operation behavior as a whole and the thermodynamic dependence among all components
Doutorado
Termica e Fluidos
Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica
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Batista, Julio Cesar [UNESP]. "Microgeração de energia eletrica (abaixo de 100kw) utilizando turbina tesla modificada." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106422.
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Este trabalho desenvolve um sistema para gerar energia elétrica com caldeira e turbina, para ocupar um nicho de mercado em que os sistemas a vapor existentes não são economicamente viáveis. O sistema utiliza a turbina Tesla que é compatível para essa faixa e não possui pás, podendo operar com vapor saturado fornecido por uma pequena caldeira consumindo lenha. A micro-geração proposta pode levar energia a milhões de brasileiros no campo, onde se dispõe de algum tipo de biomassa. Apesar do baixo custo da turbina Tesla, por ser de simples construção e compacta, e de suas incontáveis possibilidades de aplicação, se desconhece, até então, aplicações comerciais massivas devido ao baixo torque obtido nos protótipos feitos desde 1910 e por essa razão foi modificada. Este trabalho inova ao desenvolver um protótipo da turbina Tesla modificado para fornecer maior torque e ao comparar à turbina Tesla original. Devido à inexistência de equações que descrevem a turbina Tesla, um modelo matemático que permite projetar a turbina Tesla foi desenvolvido e validado por resultados experimentais e de simulação. Testes comparativos com duas turbinas com as mesmas dimensões mostraram que a turbina Tesla modificada apresentou eficiência superior à turbina Tesla original. Desenvolveu-se, também, um protótipo do sistema para micro-geração utilizando a turbina Tesla modificada, caldeira e gerador elétrico. Os custos do sistema e da energia gerada foram comparados com os de outros meios de geração mostrando serem competitivos economicamente para essa faixa de operação.
This work develops a system to generate electric power with boiler and turbine that aims to occupy the niche of the market for which steam systems are not economically viable. The system uses a Tesla turbine, which is compatible to the range of power. Also, it does not have blades, being able to operate with steam delivered by a small boiler fed with wood. The proposed micro-generation system can take energy to millions of Brazilians living in the country, where some type of biomass is available. In despite of the low cost of the Tesla turbine, because it is compact and simple to build, and despite of its uncountable possibilities of applications, massive commercial applications of the technology are not found due to the low torque of the prototypes built since 1910. For this reason, the Tesla turbine was modified. This work is original since it develops a modified Tesla turbine prototype to furnish a higher torque when compared to an original Tesla turbine. Due to the lack of equations that model a Tesla turbine, a mathematical model was developed to allow the design of the Tesla turbine; it was validated by means of experimental and simulating results. The comparative tests with two turbines, with same dimensions, showed that the modified Tesla turbine presents a higher efficiency than the original Tesla turbine. A micro-generation system, using the modified Tesla turbine, boiler and electric generator, was also developed. The costs of the system and of the generated energy were compared with other means of generation and showed to be commercially competitive for that range.
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Batista, Julio Cesar. "Microgeração de energia eletrica (abaixo de 100kw) utilizando turbina tesla modificada /." Guaratinguetá : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106422.
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Resumo: Este trabalho desenvolve um sistema para gerar energia elétrica com caldeira e turbina, para ocupar um nicho de mercado em que os sistemas a vapor existentes não são economicamente viáveis. O sistema utiliza a turbina Tesla que é compatível para essa faixa e não possui pás, podendo operar com vapor saturado fornecido por uma pequena caldeira consumindo lenha. A micro-geração proposta pode levar energia a milhões de brasileiros no campo, onde se dispõe de algum tipo de biomassa. Apesar do baixo custo da turbina Tesla, por ser de simples construção e compacta, e de suas incontáveis possibilidades de aplicação, se desconhece, até então, aplicações comerciais massivas devido ao baixo torque obtido nos protótipos feitos desde 1910 e por essa razão foi modificada. Este trabalho inova ao desenvolver um protótipo da turbina Tesla modificado para fornecer maior torque e ao comparar à turbina Tesla original. Devido à inexistência de equações que descrevem a turbina Tesla, um modelo matemático que permite projetar a turbina Tesla foi desenvolvido e validado por resultados experimentais e de simulação. Testes comparativos com duas turbinas com as mesmas dimensões mostraram que a turbina Tesla modificada apresentou eficiência superior à turbina Tesla original. Desenvolveu-se, também, um protótipo do sistema para micro-geração utilizando a turbina Tesla modificada, caldeira e gerador elétrico. Os custos do sistema e da energia gerada foram comparados com os de outros meios de geração mostrando serem competitivos economicamente para essa faixa de operação.Abstract: This work develops a system to generate electric power with boiler and turbine that aims to occupy the niche of the market for which steam systems are not economically viable. The system uses a Tesla turbine, which is compatible to the range of power. Also, it does not have blades, being able to operate with steam delivered by a small boiler fed with wood. The proposed micro-generation system can take energy to millions of Brazilians living in the country, where some type of biomass is available. In despite of the low cost of the Tesla turbine, because it is compact and simple to build, and despite of its uncountable possibilities of applications, massive commercial applications of the technology are not found due to the low torque of the prototypes built since 1910. For this reason, the Tesla turbine was modified. This work is original since it develops a modified Tesla turbine prototype to furnish a higher torque when compared to an original Tesla turbine. Due to the lack of equations that model a Tesla turbine, a mathematical model was developed to allow the design of the Tesla turbine; it was validated by means of experimental and simulating results. The comparative tests with two turbines, with same dimensions, showed that the modified Tesla turbine presents a higher efficiency than the original Tesla turbine. A micro-generation system, using the modified Tesla turbine, boiler and electric generator, was also developed. The costs of the system and of the generated energy were compared with other means of generation and showed to be commercially competitive for that range.
Orientador: João Andrade de Carvalho Junior
Coorientador: Heraldo da Silva Couto
Banca: Luiz Roberto Carrocci
Banca: Teófilo Miguel de Souza
Banca: Paulo César Razuk
Banca: Rogério José da Silva
Doutor
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Tofoli, Fabio [UNESP]. "Análise do comportamento de grandezas e parâmetros que determinam o dimensionamento de turbomáquinas a vapor." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99311.
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Este trabalho tem como objetivo a análise da influência de parâmetros adimensionais e grandezas dimensionais no projeto de turbomáquinas operando em diferentes situações de pressão, temperatura e vazão mássica de vapor. O trabalho é divido em duas partes principais, sendo que inicialmente são analisados os parâmetros adimensionais e as grandezas dimensionais que influenciam diretamente o valor do rendimento interno das turbomáquinas térmicas que utilizam o vapor como fluido de trabalho. Na segunda parte do trabalho são abordadas as classes de pressão e rotação específica, e sua influência no comportamento de parâmetros adimensionais. A aplicação dos resultados está diretamente ligada a especificação de turbomáquinas em sistemas de cogeração para aproveitamento de fluxos térmicos provenientes de processos, queima de combustíveis ou gases de escape de uma máquina térmica, para os quais os projetistas necessitam estimar o rendimento de tais componentes por ocasião da análise de viabilidade econômica.
This work has as objective the analysis of the influence of dimensionless parameters and dimensional greatness in the project of turbomachinery operating in different pressure situations, temperature and flow steam. This work is shared in two main parts, which are initially analyzed the dimensionless parameters and the dimensional greatness that directly influence the internal efficiency of the thermal turbomachinery that using steam as the working fluid. In the second part of the work are accosted the classes of pressure and specific rotation, and its influence on the behavior of dimensionless parameters. The application of the results is directly linked to the specification of turbomachinery in cogeneration systems for use of heat flows from processes, burning of fuel or the exhaust gases of a thermal machine, for which the designers needs to estimate the efficiency of such components at analysis of economic feasibility.
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Mogawer, Tamer [UNESP]. "Analise técnica e econômica para seleção de sistemas de cogeração em ciclo combinado." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99343.
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mogawer_t_me_guara.pdf: 1050701 bytes, checksum: ac5394fa773726920ea684e1c38e8892 (MD5)Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O setor elétrico brasileiro vem continuamente passando por crises energéticas; os consumidores, indústrias que dependem de energia para exercerem as suas atividades passaram a valorizar e a buscar fontes alternativas, confiáveis e ecologicamente adequadas com o objetivo de garantir o fornecimento de eletricidade de forma econômica, possibilitando desta maneira uma certa independência energética. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem a finalidade de selecionar sistemas de cogeração utilizando ciclos combinados com conjuntos a gás associadas a caldeira de recuperação sem queima suplementar e turbina a vapor, assim como realizar o levantamento das curvas de produção de energia e eficiência para os ciclos obtidos. Foram utilizados os parâmetros técnicos e construtivos das turbinas a gás e a vapor de uma mesma empresa fabricante, e através das curvas obtidas é possível selecionar o ciclo combinado mais adequado para cada situação desejada, tanto do ponto de vista energético quanto do ponto de vista econômico.
The electric Brazilian sector is continually subject to energy crisis, the industrial consumers, that depends on energy to do its activities, is nowadays up to valorize and to look for alternative, trustful and environmental appropriate sources with the objective of guaranteeing the supply of electricity in an economic way and warranting a certain energy independence. In this context, this work has the purpose of selecting cogeneration systems based on using combined cycles with gas turbines associated to heat recovery steam generators without supplementary burners and steam turbines, as well as accomplishing the rising of the curves of production of energy and efficiency for the obtained cycles. The technical and constructive parameters of the gas and steam turbines were considered from the same manufacturing company, and through the obtained curves it is possible to select the more appropriate cycle for each process requirement, in the energy and economic point of view.
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Tofoli, Fabio. "Análise do comportamento de grandezas e parâmetros que determinam o dimensionamento de turbomáquinas a vapor /." Guaratinguetá : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99311.
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Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo a análise da influência de parâmetros adimensionais e grandezas dimensionais no projeto de turbomáquinas operando em diferentes situações de pressão, temperatura e vazão mássica de vapor. O trabalho é divido em duas partes principais, sendo que inicialmente são analisados os parâmetros adimensionais e as grandezas dimensionais que influenciam diretamente o valor do rendimento interno das turbomáquinas térmicas que utilizam o vapor como fluido de trabalho. Na segunda parte do trabalho são abordadas as classes de pressão e rotação específica, e sua influência no comportamento de parâmetros adimensionais. A aplicação dos resultados está diretamente ligada a especificação de turbomáquinas em sistemas de cogeração para aproveitamento de fluxos térmicos provenientes de processos, queima de combustíveis ou gases de escape de uma máquina térmica, para os quais os projetistas necessitam estimar o rendimento de tais componentes por ocasião da análise de viabilidade econômica.Abstract: This work has as objective the analysis of the influence of dimensionless parameters and dimensional greatness in the project of turbomachinery operating in different pressure situations, temperature and flow steam. This work is shared in two main parts, which are initially analyzed the dimensionless parameters and the dimensional greatness that directly influence the internal efficiency of the thermal turbomachinery that using steam as the working fluid. In the second part of the work are accosted the classes of pressure and specific rotation, and its influence on the behavior of dimensionless parameters. The application of the results is directly linked to the specification of turbomachinery in cogeneration systems for use of heat flows from processes, burning of fuel or the exhaust gases of a thermal machine, for which the designers needs to estimate the efficiency of such components at analysis of economic feasibility.
Orientador: Paulo Magalhães Filho
Coorientador: José Nédilo Carrinho de Castro
Banca: Carlos Daniel Ebinuma
Banca: José Rui Camargo
Mestre
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Silva, Fellipe Sartori da. "Determinação do custo de energia gerada através da utilização de células a combustível de carbonato fundido e turbina a vapor em um ciclo combinado /." Guaratinguetá, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153118.
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Orientador: José Alexandre MatelliBanca: Eliana Vieira Canettieri
Banca: Carlos Manuael Romero Luna
Resumo: Os modelos energéticos atuais são baseados majoritariamente na utilização de combustíveis fósseis, os quais, além de serem fontes finitas, ainda geram gases poluentes que contribuem para o efeito estufa e, consequentemente, para o aquecimento global. As células a combustível, por possuírem alta eficiência de conversão, baixa emissão, simplicidade de operação e flexibilidade em sua utilização, vêm sendo estudadas como opção mais limpa de geração. A célula a combustível de carbonato fundido, em particular, além de ter vantagens estruturais por operar a alta temperatura, possui calor residual que pode ser aproveitado para cogeração. O presente trabalho propõe uma configuração de ciclo combinado de uma célula a combustível de carbonato fundido de 10 MW, que possui reforma interna de gás natural, com um ciclo a vapor que aproveita o calor residual da célula. A reforma a vapor do gás natural, simulada pelo software STANJAN Chemical Equilibrium Solver, apresentou valores satisfatórios de produção de H2 na temperatura de operação da célula. As análises energética e exergética, simuladas através do software Engineering Equation Solver (EES), apontaram aumentos nas respectivas eficiências globais de 4,8 e 4,6%, respectivamente. A análise exergoeconômica indicou custo de geração de 0,4679 USD/kWh, valor acima das tarifas nacionais. Entretanto, a análise de sensibilidade mostrou que plantas de grande porte com essa configuração podem ser economicamente competitivas em diferentes cenários... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Current researches point to a significant increase in energy demand over the next few years. Energy models are mostly based on fossil fuels, which generates greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. Thus, it becomes necessary to develop equipment and cycles that operate with greater efficiency, as well as new technologies of energy generation with both fossil and renewable sources. Fuel cells are being widely investigated due to their high conversion efficiency, low emissions, structural simplicity and flexibility. Among several fuel cell types, molten carbonate fuel cell has advantages such as fuel flexibility and high operating temperature, which leads to high thermal energy residue. This residue can be used for cogeneration and combined cycles, in order to enhance the global efficiency. This study aimed to introduce a 10 MW internal reforming molten carbonate fuel cell and steam turbine combined cycle. Steam reforming of natural gas was simulated by STANJAN Chemical Equilibrium Solver and presented satisfactory H2 production at MCFC operating temperature. Simulation in Engineering Equation Solver (EES) of energetic and exergetic analysis showed efficiency increases of 4,8 and 4,6%, respectively. Exergoeconomic analysis pointed to a 0,4679 USD/kWh power cost. However, sensitivity analysis showed that higher plants can achieve economic viability in different scenarios
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Huamán, Esteban Máximo Simón. "Diseño de una turbina de vapor múltiple para una central termoeléctrica." Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 1999. http://cybertesis.uni.edu.pe/uni/1999/huaman_em/html/index-frames.html.
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Nascimento, Fábio Santos. "Desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta computacional 1-D para uso em projeto de turbinas a vapor." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2012. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2083.
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O presente trabalho trata do projeto aerotermodinâmico de turbinas a vapor de múltiplos estágios baseado em uma abordagem de técnicas de modelamento unidimensional. Um programa computacional foi desenvolvido para projeto preliminar de turbinas a vapor de múltiplos estágios escritos em linguagem FORTRAN 90, visando à redução do tempo de projeto preliminar, a independência de programas comerciais e o acesso ao código fonte para modificar e implementar novos modelos para melhorar o potencial da ferramenta de projeto. Uma revisão dos principais tipos de turbinas a vapor, seus ciclos termodinâmicos, principais componentes, funcionamento básico e os mecanismos de perdas envolvidos são apresentados. A metodologia de cálculo empregado no projeto preliminar da turbina a vapor e a implementação do International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS) são apresentadas, para o cálculo das propriedades termodinâmicas, assim como do critério de vórtice livre e o modelo de perdas desenvolvido por Dunham e Came. Os resultados do programa computacional desenvolvido foram comparados com os resultados do programa comercial desenvolvido pela CONCEPTS NRECTM, AXIAL. A comparação foi realizada para uma turbina a vapor de um estágio e uma turbina a vapor de dois estágios. A análise comparativa foi feita na linha media e mostrou que os resultados do programa computacional desenvolvido estão próximo dos valores calculados pelo programa comercial com desvios e diferenças aceitáveis devido à diferente metodologia, procedimento numérico e calibração do modelo de perdas entre os mesmos.
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Vegas, Rafael Miguelangel Ascanio. "Multistage axial-flow turbines : design and performance analysis." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2012. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2099.
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Plans for developing turbines in Brazil were present on the conception of CTA six decades ago. In this manner highly specialized work teams is needed to carry out such activity. The Center for Reference on Gas Turbine group has been contributing to research activities at CTA taking account of the study of gas turbines both aeronautical and industrial. In order to complement the group capability and study more complex turbine applications, it is a topic of interest to study steam turbines. Taking advantage from the experience gathered at CRTG, design and performance analysis approaches for axial gas turbines were applied to steam turbines, adjusting the models for working with superheated steam using a loss model for axial turbomachinery to estimate the total pressure loss into the turbine cascade. Such models were implemented in a computer code written in FORTRAN, disposed for reading the design requirements or the conditions for the performance analysis, making the corresponding calculation and reporting the results. It was performed a verification on the results from the design routine, comparing them with data from a commercial program for axial turbine simulation and the used such results to assess its performance at off-design conditions. A case study was conducted regarding a multistage steam turbine working in a combined cycle with a gas turbine. From the energy of the gas turbine exhaust, a three stages steam turbine of 0.5 MW of power was designed. Later, with additional energy generated in the boiler in order to produce more steam, the power capacity of the steam turbine was increased. The results reported from both routines were qualitative consistent to what it was expected a turbine design and off-design performance analysis could be.
Books on the topic "Turbina a vapore"
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Combined power plants: Including combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) plants. Oxford [England]: Pergamon Press, 1992.
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Moore, Edwin A. Prospects for gas-fueled combined-cycle power generation in the developing countries. Washington, D.C. (1818 H St. N.W., Washington 20433): World Bank Industry and Energy Dept., PRE, 1991.
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Wadzek contra la turbina de vapor. Madrid: Impedimenta, 2011.
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Steam turbines (vapour cycles). Milton Keynes: Open University Educational Enterprises, 1993.
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Horlock, J. H. Combined Power Plants: Including Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (Ccgt) Plants. Krieger Publishing Company, 2001.
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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Steam Turbines and Other Vapor Turbines. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.
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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Steam Turbines and Other Vapor Turbines. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.
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Belluzzo, Giuseppe. Turbine a Vapore Ed a Gas: 22 Tavole e 300 Figure Nel Testo. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2022.
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Parker, Philip M. The World Market for Steam Turbines and Other Vapor Turbines: A 2007 Global Trade Perspective. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.
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The World Market for Steam Turbines and Other Vapor Turbines: A 2004 Global Trade Perspective. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Turbina a vapore"
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Yoon, J. H., I. S. Kim, H. S. Kim, I. C. Hur, K. S. Son, Je Hyun Lee, and H. S. Kim. "Water Vapor Oxidation Behavior under High-Temperature and Pressure Conditions of the Nitrided Alloys for Steam Turbine Valve System Parts." In Materials Science Forum, 4129–32. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-960-1.4129.
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Talukdar, Kamaljyoti. "Use of Gas Turbine Operated by Municipal Solid Waste to Obtain Power and Cooling Assisted by Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System." In Integrated Approaches Towards Solid Waste Management, 79–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70463-6_8.
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Domingues, Rafael, and Francisco Brójo. "Conversion of Gas Turbine Combustors to Operate with a Hydrogen-Air Mixture: Modifications and Pollutant Emission Analysis." In Hydrogen Energy - New Insights [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106224.
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In this work, an overview of the use of hydrogen in aviation, the modifications needed to adapt an existent gas turbine to use hydrogen, and a CFD simulation of an existent gas turbine burning hydrogen are performed. The CFD simulation was done in a CFM56-3 combustor burning hydrogen and Jet A. It was intended to evaluate the viability of conversion of existent gas turbines to hydrogen, in a combustion point of view, by analyzing the emissions while burning it through ICAO’s LTO cycle. The pollutant emissions (only NOx, since hydrogen combustion produce only water vapor and NOx) were evaluated through a detailed mechanism and the Ansys Fluent NOx model to get a better agreement with the ICAO’s values. For this assessment, several sensibility studies were made for hydrogen burn, for example, the analysis of the air flow with/without swirl in the primary zone and different inlet temperature and pressure for fuel. In the end, it was concluded that theoretically the CFM56-3 combustor can be converted to operate with hydrogen fuel with minor changes (related to injection system). The quantity of NOx produced for each power setting when burning hydrogen is expected to be almost twice the values for Jet A.
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Avery, William H., and Chih Wu. "Closed-Cycle OTEC Systems." In Renewable Energy from the Ocean. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195071993.003.0011.
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The Rankine closed cycle is a process in which beat is used to evaporate a fluid at constant pressure in a “boiler” or evaporator, from which the vapor enters a piston engine or turbine and expands doing work. The vapor exhaust then enters a vessel where heat is transferred from the vapor to a cooling fluid, causing the vapor to condense to a liquid, which is pumped back to the evaporator to complete the cycle. A layout of the plantship shown in Fig. 1-2. The basic cycle comprises four steps, as shown in the pressure-volume (p—V) diagram of Fig. 4-1. 1. Starting at point a, heat is added to the working fluid in the boiler until the temperature reaches the boiling point at the design pressure, represented by point b. 2. With further heat addition, the liquid vaporizes at constant temperature and pressure, increasing in volume to point c. 3. The high-pressure vapor enters the piston or turbine and expands adiabatically to point d. 4. The low-pressure vapor enters the condenser and, with heat removal at constant pressure, is cooled and liquefied, returning to its original volume at point a. The work done by the cycle is the area enclosed by the points a,b,c,d,a. This is equal to Hc–Hd, where H is the enthalpy of the fluid at the indicated point. The heat transferred in the process is Hc–Ha Thus the efficiency, defined as the ratio of work to heat used, is: . . . efficiency(η)=Hc–Hd/Hc–Ha (4.1.1) . . . Carnot showed that if the heat-engine cycle was conducted so that equilibrium conditions were maintained in the process, that the efficiency was determined solely by the ratio of the temperatures of the working fluid in the evaporator and the condenser. . . . η=TE–Tc/TE (4.1.2) . . . The maximum Carnot efficiency can be attained only for a cycle in which thermal equilibrium exists in each phase of the process; however, for power to be generated a temperature difference must exist between the working fluid in the evaporator and the warm-water heat source, and between the working fluid in the condenser and the cold-water heat sink.
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Subiantoro, Alison, and Kim Tiow Ooi. "Expansion Power Recovery in Refrigeration Systems." In Handbook of Research on Advances and Applications in Refrigeration Systems and Technologies, 720–51. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8398-3.ch019.
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Vapor-compression systems are the most popular method of refrigeration. However, the throttling loss at the expansion valve is one of the “energy parasites” of such systems. This is especially acute in systems with large operating pressure differences like the transcritical CO2 refrigeration systems. In this chapter, a method to solve this issue by using an expander to recover the expansion energy of refrigeration systems is explained. Relevant research works are then discussed to provide a general overview about the state of the art technology. Various types of expander mechanisms, including reciprocating, rolling piston, rotary vane, scroll, screw, turbine, swing piston and revolving vane, are discussed. Works on the various aspects of expanders are also discussed. These include heat transfer, exergy analysis, expansion process, internal leakage, lubrication, integration with refrigeration systems and the economic aspects.
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Bararzadeh Ledari, Masoumeh, and Reza Bararzadeh Ledari. "Nature as a Teacher for Abiota Self-Organization in Terms of Entropy Analysis." In Exergy - New Technologies and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109817.
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In this chapter, the various terms of entropy generation in terrestrial systems and the atmosphere are estimated by imitating the entropy analysis of a steam power generation (STPG). The highest entropy generation is associated with the outgoing longwave radiation flux (more than 20–200 times the downward solar radiation). The results indicate that the most significant terms of entropy generation (heat dissipation) in different processes are related to latent and sensible heat fluxes (similar to steam generation and flue gas of the STPG). The vegetation cover (boiler system) destroys a part of solar energy absorption in the form of entropy generated by the formation of water vapor and transpiration (steam turbine). Given that life is formed by the optimal balance between the system, the ecosystem, and the living and nonliving organisms, it is important to study the various entropy fluxes in ecosystems that can lead to ecosystem balance.
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Avery, William H., and Chih Wu. "Open-Cycle OTEC." In Renewable Energy from the Ocean. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195071993.003.0012.
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The historical development leading to the proposal by Claude to generate power by producing steam in flash evaporation of warm seawater has been discussed in Chapter 2. In this chapter, the thermodynamic fundamentals of the open-cycle concepts are discussed, leading to a detailed review of state of the art and commercial prospects of the process. There are several variations on the standard OTEC open-cycle (OC) system. The three major variations are “hybrid cycle” (Bartone, 1978), “mist lift cycle” (Ridgway, 1977), and “foam lift cycle” (Beck, 1975; Zener et al., 1975). These are advanced concepts that offer certain attractive features and are being investigated. The three cycles will be discussed in Sections 5.3, 5.4, and 5.5, respectively. The standard OTEC open cycle is discussed in the following. The modest but nearly steady temperature difference that exists between the warm surface water and the much colder water at great depth in some tropical regions of the world has attracted the attention of many thermodynamicists from the time that these temperature differences were first observed. From the thermodynamicist’s view, any significant temperature difference can be used to produce power. The open or Claude cycle is the forerunner of various OTEC cycles. The open cycle refers to the use of seawater as the working fluid. A schematic diagram of the system, which comprises a flash evaporator, vapor expansion turbine and generator, steam condenser, noncondensables-removing equipment, and deaerator, is shown in Fig. 5-1 (Chen, 1979). The cycle is a basic Rankine cycle for converting thermal energy of the warm surface water into electrical energy. In the cycle, the warm seawater is deaerated and then passed into a flash evaporation chamber, where a fraction of the seawater is converted into low-pressure steam. The steam is passed through a turbine, which extracts energy from it, and then exits into a condenser. This cycle derives the name “open” from the fact that the condensate is not returned to the evaporator as in the “closed” cycle. Instead, the condensate can be used as desalinated water if a surface condenser is used, or the condensate is mixed with the cooling water and the mixture is discharged back into the ocean.
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Costa, Nancy Lima, Maria de Sousa Leite Filha, Arthur Gilzeph Farias Almeida, Jaciara Dantas Costa, Antônio Daniel Buriti de Macêdo, José Nunes de Oliveira Neto, Jordany Ramalho Silveira Farias, and José Jefferson da Silva Nascimento. "UMA APLICAÇÃO DA EFICIÊNCIA ENERGÉTICA E EFICIÊNCIA EXERGÉTICA DAS TURBINAS A VAPOR NAS INDÚSTRIAS SUCROALCOOLEIRAS." In Estudos (Inter) Multidisciplinares nas Engenharias, 234–41. Atena Editora, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.97319091020.
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Morales Hernández, Jorge, Araceli Mandujano Ruíz, and Julieta Torres González. "Velocidad de corrosión de recubrimientos obtenidos por rociado térmico para su aplicación en turbinas de vapor geotérmico." In Corrosión y preservación de la infraestructura industrial, 225–97. OmniaScience, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/oms.67.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Turbina a vapore"
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Lee, Sheldon H. D., Richard F. Henry, and Kevin M. Myles. "Removal of Alkali Vapors by a Fixed Granular-Bed Sorber Using Activated Bauxite as a Sorbent." In ASME 1985 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibit. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/85-gt-167.
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Studies have been conducted to develop a fixed granular-bed sorber for the removal of alkali vapors in a pressurized fluidized-bed combustion (PFBC) combined-cycle system. A laboratory-scale pressurized alkali-vapor sorption test unit was used to characterize activated bauxite, the most effective sorbent identified earlier, for its alkali vapor sorption capability in a gas stream with temperature (≤900°C), pressure (10 atm absolute), and composition closely simulating the actual PFBC flue gas. A scale-up of laboratory tests is being conducted in a 15.2-cm-dia (6-in.-dia) PFBC system to demonstrate the granular-bed sorber concept. The NaCl-vapor sorption chemistry of activated bauxite is described. The extent of alkali-vapor evolution from the activated bauxite bed itself is discussed, along with an evaluation of the significance of its alkali vapor contribution to a downstream gas turbine. Details of the design of a high-temperature/high-pressure alkali sorber system for the demonstration of the sorber are presented.
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Webster, William Phil, and Savash Yavuzkurt. "Effects of Injection on Condensation on a Film-Cooled Surface." In ASME 1987 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/87-gt-136.
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Gas turbine blades have previously been shown to corrode due to condensation of sulfide vapor on a cooled blade surface. In the present investigation, water vapor was condensed on a film cooled surface, simulating the condensation of sulfide vapor on a turbine blade. The injection section consisted of one row of holes (inner diameter of 1.0 cm) inclined 30 degrees with the surface and inline with the main turbulent boundary layer flow. Experiments were carried out in a subsonic, zero pressure gradient, turbulent boundary layer with free stream velocities of 10.5, 15.75, and 21.0 m/sec. A cooling fluid (water at near 0°C) was circulated through the plate, cooling the test surface and causing free stream water vapor to condense. Measurements were made at three Reynolds numbers (based on hole diameter and free stream velocity): 7,000, 10,500, and 14,000; and at three blowing ratios: 0.4, 0.8, 1.2. The results show the existence of a “dryout” region downstream of each cooling hole. This region was dry while regions between the jets had water on the surface. This dryout region was triangularly shaped, with the apex as much as 30 jet diameters from the downstream edge of the jet. For each Reynolds number the lowest blowing ratio (M = 0.4) had the largest dryout region. These results indicate that injection can be used to prevent condensation of corrosive vapors on a film-cooled gas turbine blade.
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Anderson, J. Hilbert, and F. M. Laucks. "The Refrigerated Gas and Vapor Turbine Cycle." In ASME 1987 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/87-gt-152.
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As electrical energy consumption has continued to rise in the United States, and producers of electricity search for power plants requiring less installation time, the gas turbine has emerged as a significant contributor to our nation’s energy needs. Despite a thermal efficiency disadvantage as compared to a conventional steam power plant, it has nevertheless played an increasingly larger role in the production of electrical power. A scheme is here presented whereby the output of a given gas turbine can be increased by more than 60% and its efficiency increased by 30%, thus making it more competitive efficiency-wise with the conventional steam power plant.
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Chennaoui, Leila, Giovanni Cerri, and Sayyedbenyamin Alavi. "Turbomachinery-Based Vapor Pressure Amplifier for Refrigeration Energy Saving." In ASME 2017 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2017-4540.
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Vapor compression refrigeration plant power consumption can be heavily reduced for a definite cooling power by the adoption of a power regeneration process internal to the simple cycle. Such a process takes benefit from the adoption of turbomachinery based vapor pressure amplifier. The selection of the wheel sizes, their machining to be adapted to the process and the addition of stator blades in the expander and a diffuser in the compressor path is discussed and tests results are presented. Improvements of the power consumption and of the COP of about 23–24% for a specified cooling power have been demonstrated.
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Bronicki, L. "Practical Experience With Closed Cycle Vapor Turbogenerators." In ASME 1985 Beijing International Gas Turbine Symposium and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/85-igt-107.
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Originally developed mainly for solar energy utilization, the Ormat Closed Cycle Vapor Turbines were first applied to fossil-fuel on-site power generation in remote locations because of their inherent high reliability and low maintenance characteristics. Latterly, conditions changed and the technology has been reapplied to its original use: e.g. solar ponds, waste heat recovery and moderate temperature geothermal sources. This paper presents the results of actual field experience of operating some 3,500 turbogenerators in various applications.
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Wagner, Matthew J., Nelson H. Forster, Kenneth W. Van Treuren, and David T. Gerardi. "Vapor Phase Lubrication for Expendable Gas Turbine Engines." In ASME 1999 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/99-gt-028.
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Vapor Phase Lubrication (VPL) is an emerging technology that is currently targeted for application in limited life, expendable engines. It has the potential to cut 90% of the cost and weight of the lubrication system, when compared to a conventional liquid lubricated system. VPL is effective at much higher temperatures than conventional liquid lubrication (600°C vs. 200°C), so considerably less cooling for the bearing is required, to the extent that the bearing materials often dictate the maximum upper temperature for its use. The hot #8 bearing and the cold #1 bearing of the T63 engine were used to evaluate the applicability of this technology to the expendable engine environment. The #8 bearing was a custom made hybrid with T15 steel races, silicon nitride balls, and a carbon-carbon composite cage; it was run for 10.7 hours at a race temperature of 450°C at full power, without incident. Prior to engine tests, a bearing rig test of the #8 bearing demonstrated an 18.6-hour life at a race temperature of 500°C at engine full power speed of 50,000 rpm. Cold bearing performance was tested with the standard #1 bearing, which consisted of 52100 steel races and bails, and a bronze cage; it was run for 7.5 hours at a race temperature of 34°C at flight idle power, without incident. A self-contained lubricant misting system, running off compressor bleed air, provided lubricant at flow rates of 7–25 ml/hr, depending on engine operating conditions. These tests have demonstrated for the first time, that a single self-contained VPL system can provide adequate lubrication to both the hot and cold bearings for the required life of an expendable cruise missile engine.
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Panyam, Varuneswara Reddy, Devendra Dandotiya, and Nitin Banker. "Gas Turbine Inlet Air Cooling Using Vapor-Adsorption Refrigeration Driven by Power Plant Exhaust." In ASME 2017 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2017-4525.
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Turbine inlet air cooling (TIAC) has long been the most commonly used method to improve the performance of gas turbine based power plants. It is particularly effective in regions with high ambient temperatures. With growing energy demands and higher ambient temperatures around the globe, it is important to look beyond cooling cycles like vapor-absorption and vapor-compression which have certain limitations. It is prudent to use a vapor-adsorption cycle for TIAC since the waste exhaust heat can be utilized as the power source for adsorption compressor, resulting increase in thermal efficiency of the power plant. Also, the scalability of adsorption cooling from mere Watts to hundreds of kW and its ability to function using lower temperature heat sources (as low as 60 °C) render it highly suitable for TIAC. In this paper, a gas turbine power plant and a TIAC system running on vapor-adsorption cycle are mathematically modelled and thermal analysis involving comparison of performance of the power plant with and without inlet air cooling at various ambient and desorption temperatures is presented. Performance parameters analyzed include net power output and thermal efficiency of the power plant and the COP of the chiller. The results show that vapor-adsorption system has huge potential to be integrated with gas turbine power plant for inlet air cooling.
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Ahluwalia, R. K., K. H. Im, C. F. Chuang, and J. C. Hajduk. "Particle and Vapor Deposition in Coal-Fired Gas Turbines." In ASME 1986 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibit. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/86-gt-239.
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Mechanistic models have been developed for particle and vapor deposition on the blades of coal-fired gas turbines. The particle deposition models include the simultaneous contribution of Brownian and turbulent diffusion, thermophoresis, eddy impaction, and inertial impingement. The diffusive mechanisms have been validated against experimental data for low-speed cascade flow and particle-laden flow through pipes. The inertial deposition treatment is shown to collapse to the well-known expression for particle capture in a flow turning around a bend. A method is presented for calculating Na2SO4 and K2SO4 vapor deposition on cooled blades. Scaling laws are formulated for estimating the contribution of boundary layer homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation mechanisms for highly cooled turbine blades.
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Marston, Charles H. "Parametric Analysis of the Kalina Cycle." In ASME 1989 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/89-gt-218.
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The Kalina Cycle utilizes a mixture of ammonia and water as the working fluid in a vapor power cycle. When the liquid mixture is heated the more volatile ammonia tends to vaporize first and at a lower temperature than does pure water. This property of ammonia-water mixtures makes possible a better match to the enthalpy-temperature curve of a hot gas heat source such as a gas turbine exhaust and also permits circulation of fluids of different composition in different parts of the cycle. Taking advantage of the latter feature, condensation (absorption) can be done at slightly above atmospheric pressure with a low concentration of ammonia, while heat input is at a higher concentration for optimum cycle performance. Computer models have been used to optimize a simplified form of the cycle and to compare results for a more complex version proposed by El-Sayed and Tribus. A method of balancing the cycle was developed and key parameters for optimizing the cycle identified.
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Stoffel, B., and L. Reh. "Conversion of Liquid to Gaseous Fuels for Lean Premixed Combustion." In ASME 1995 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/95-gt-412.
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The lean premixed combustion of gaseous fuels is an attractive technology to attain very low NOx emission levels in gas turbine engines. If liquid fuels are converted to gaseous fuels by vaporization, they also can be used in premix gas burners and similar low NOx emissions are achievable. Experiments were carried out in a test rig in which the three main process steps of liquid fuel combustion (vaporization of fuel, mixing of air and fuel vapor and combustion reaction) can be performed successively in three separate devices and examined independently. A wide range of liquid fuels (methanol, ethanol, heptane, gasoline, rape oil methyl ester and two diesel oil qualities) was vaporized in an externally heated tube in the presence of superheated steam. These fuel vapors were led to a Pyrocore® radiant burner operating in fully premixed mode at atmosperic pressure. For all fuels without bound nitrogen, NOx levels below 15 mg/m3 at 3% O2 in the dry exhaust gas (2.5 ppm at 15% O2) were measured at lean combustion conditions. However, the nitrogen particularly bound in higher boiling fuels like diesel oil was converted completely to NOx under these conditions. The fuel bound nitrogen (FBN) proved to be the major source of NOx when burning vaporized diesel oil.
Reports on the topic "Turbina a vapore"
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Bons, Jeffrey, Ali Ameri, and Thomas Fletcher. Designing Turbine Endwalls for Deposition Resistance with 1400C Combustor Exit Temperatures and Syngas Water Vapor Levels. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1080354.
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Development of standardized air-blown coal gasifier/gas turbine concepts for future electric power systems. Volume 3, Appendix B: NO{sub x} and alkali vapor control strategies: Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10118048.
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