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Academic literature on the topic 'Turbidity'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Turbidity"

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Cattaneo, A., N. Babonneau, G. Ratzov, G. Dan-Unterseh, K. Yelles, R. Bracène, B. Mercier de Lépinay, A. Boudiaf, and J. Déverchère. "Searching for the seafloor signature of the 21 May 2003 Boumerdès earthquake offshore central Algeria." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 12, no. 7 (July 10, 2012): 2159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-2159-2012.

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Abstract. Shaking by moderate to large earthquakes in the Mediterranean Sea has proved in the past to potentially trigger catastrophic sediment collapse and flow. On 21 May 2003, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake located near Boumerdès (central Algerian coast) triggered large turbidity currents responsible for 29 submarine cable breaks at the foot of the continental slope over ~150 km from west to east. Seafloor bathymetry and backscatter imagery show the potential imprints of the 2003 event and of previous events. Large slope scarps resulting from active deformation may locally enhance sediment instabilities, although faults are not directly visible at the seafloor. Erosion is evident at the foot of the margin and along the paths of the numerous canyons and valleys. Cable breaks are located at the outlets of submarine valleys and in areas of turbiditic levee overspilling and demonstrate the multi-source and multi-path character of the 2003 turbiditic event. Rough estimates of turbidity flow velocity are not straightforward because of the multiple breaks along the same cable, but seem compatible with those measured in other submarine cable break studies elsewhere. While the signature of the turbidity currents is mostly erosional on the continental slope, turbidite beds alternating with hemipelagites accumulate in the distal reaches of sediment dispersal systems. In perspective, more chronological work on distal turbidite successions offshore Algeria offers promising perspectives for paleoseismology reconstructions based on turbidite dating, if synchronous turbidites along independent sedimentary dispersal systems are found to support triggering by major earthquakes. Preliminary results on sediment core PSM-KS23 off Boumerdès typically show a 800-yr interval between turbidites during the Holocene, in accordance with the estimated mean seismic cycle on land, even if at this stage it is not yet possible to prove the earthquake origin of all the turbidites.
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Patton, J. R., C. Goldfinger, A. E. Morey, C. Romsos, B. Black, and Y. Djadjadihardja. "Seismoturbidite record as preserved at core sites at the Cascadia and Sumatra–Andaman subduction zones." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 4 (April 4, 2013): 833–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-833-2013.

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Abstract. Turbidite deposition along slope and trench settings is evaluated for the Cascadia and Sumatra–Andaman subduction zones. Source proximity, basin effects, turbidity current flow path, temporal and spatial earthquake rupture, hydrodynamics, and topography all likely play roles in the deposition of the turbidites as evidenced by the vertical structure of the final deposits. Channel systems tend to promote low-frequency components of the content of the current over longer distances, while more proximal slope basins and base-of-slope apron fan settings result in a turbidite structure that is likely influenced by local physiography and other factors. Cascadia's margin is dominated by glacial cycle constructed pathways which promote turbidity current flows for large distances. Sumatra margin pathways do not inherit these antecedent sedimentary systems, so turbidity currents are more localized.
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Naruse, Hajime, and Kento Nakao. "Inverse modeling of turbidity currents using an artificial neural network approach: verification for field application." Earth Surface Dynamics 9, no. 5 (September 3, 2021): 1091–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1091-2021.

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Abstract. Although in situ measurements in modern frequently occurring turbidity currents have been performed, the flow characteristics of turbidity currents that occur only once every 100 years and deposit turbidites over a large area have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we propose a method for estimating the paleo-hydraulic conditions of turbidity currents from ancient turbidites by using machine learning. In this method, we hypothesize that turbidity currents result from suspended sediment clouds that flow down a steep slope in a submarine canyon and into a gently sloping basin plain. Using inverse modeling, we reconstruct seven model input parameters including the initial flow depth, the sediment concentration, and the basin slope. A reasonable number (3500) of repetitions of numerical simulations using a one-dimensional layer-averaged model under various input parameters generates a dataset of the characteristic features of turbidites. This artificial dataset is then used for supervised training of a deep-learning neural network (NN) to produce an inverse model capable of estimating paleo-hydraulic conditions from data on the ancient turbidites. The performance of the inverse model is tested using independently generated datasets. Consequently, the NN successfully reconstructs the flow conditions of the test datasets. In addition, the proposed inverse model is quite robust to random errors in the input data. Judging from the results of subsampling tests, inversion of turbidity currents can be conducted if an individual turbidite can be correlated over 10 km at approximately 1 km intervals. These results suggest that the proposed method can sufficiently analyze field-scale turbidity currents.
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Ono, Kenya, Hajime Naruse, Qifeng Yao, Zhirong Cai, Sojiro Fukuda, and Miwa Yokokawa. "Multiple scours and upward fining caused by hydraulic jumps: implications for the recognition of cyclic steps in the deepwater stratigraphic record." Journal of Sedimentary Research 93, no. 4 (April 1, 2023): 243–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2021.142.

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ABSTRACT Hydraulic jumps control the bypass, erosion, and depositional processes of Froude-supercritical turbidity currents, so they represent a significant process for understanding the development of submarine geomorphology. Hydraulic jumps actively occur from submarine canyons to fans, where the seafloor slope is relatively steep. Turbidites in such areas comprise large-scale bedforms called cyclic steps, and they exhibit complex internal structures, including localized erosion and the accumulation of coarse-grained fining-upward sequences. However, it is unclear which turbidity-current properties are reflected in the heterogeneous depositional characteristics and grain-size sorting of these deposits. To this end, we conducted flume experiments to reproduce deposits associated with the hydraulic jumps of surge-type flows. Turbidity-current surges were repeatedly generated in an experimental flume with a knickpoint that transitioned from a steep to a gentle slope, resulting in cyclic steps. Overall, the upstream migration of the cyclic steps produced a downstream-upward-fining succession of turbidites. However, hydraulic jumps occurred at several places over the trough to the stoss side of the step in a single flow due to the non-uniform and unsteady flow state of the surge-type turbidite succession. As a result, the reproduced succession exhibited multiple local scours and coarse-grained fill in the lower parts of the turbidites. This suggests that multiple local scours and fining-upward trends are discriminant characteristics of cyclic-step deposits formed by surge-type supercritical turbidity currents.
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Van Daele, Maarten, Peter J. Haeussler, Robert C. Witter, Nore Praet, and Marc De Batist. "The Sedimentary Record of the 2018 Anchorage Earthquake in Eklutna Lake, Alaska: Calibrating the Lacustrine Seismograph." Seismological Research Letters 91, no. 1 (November 20, 2019): 126–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220190204.

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Abstract The 30 November 2018 Mw 7.1 Anchorage earthquake caused modified Mercalli intensities of V¼ to V½ at Eklutna Lake (south central Alaska). A few hours after the earthquake, a “dirt streak” was observed on the lake surface, followed by a peak in sediment turbidity values (∼80 times normal) at a drinking water facility, which receives water from the lake through a pipe. These observations hint toward turbidity currents triggered by the earthquake in Eklutna Lake. Here, we study 32 short sediment cores retrieved from across Eklutna Lake and observe a millimeter‐to‐centimeter scale turbidite that can be confidently attributed to the 2018 earthquake in all coring locations. X‐ray computed tomography, grain‐size, and color‐spectral analyses of the turbidite show that it shares physical characteristics with the turbidite generated by the 1964 Mw 9.2 Great Alaska earthquake, while it is considerably different from turbidites caused by historical floods. The 2018 turbidite reaches its largest thickness in the inflow‐proximal basin, but when compared to the 1964 turbidite and thereby canceling out local site effects, it is relatively thick in the inflow‐distal sub‐basin. The latter was exposed to stronger shaking during the 2018 earthquake, and this relative thickness trend may therefore be attributed to shaking intensity and gives an indication of the location of the earthquake epicenter relative to the basin axis. Furthermore, in contrast to the 1964 turbidite, which was sourced from both deltas and hemipelagic slopes, the 2018 turbidite was sourced from deltas only, as evidenced by its distribution. These results confirm that while it is generally accepted that shaking intensities of ≥VI are needed to trigger turbidity currents from hemipelagic slopes, intensities as low as V¼ can be sufficient to trigger turbidity currents from deltaic slopes. Our results show that proglacial lakes can sensitively record differences in shaking intensity and that investigating deposits from recent earthquakes is crucial to calibrate the lacustrine seismograph.
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Ho, Viet Luan, Robert M. Dorrell, Gareth M. Keevil, Robert E. Thomas, Alan D. Burns, Jaco H. Baas, and William D. McCaffrey. "Dynamics and deposition of sediment-bearing multi-pulsed flows and geological implication." Journal of Sedimentary Research 89, no. 11 (November 26, 2019): 1127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2019.62.

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ABSTRACT Previous studies on dilute, multi-pulsed, subaqueous saline flows have demonstrated that pulses will inevitably advect forwards to merge with the flow front. On the assumption that pulse merging occurs in natural-scale turbidity currents, it was suggested that multi-pulsed turbidites that display vertical cycles of coarsening and fining would transition laterally to single-pulsed, normally graded turbidites beyond the point of pulse merging. In this study, experiments of dilute, single- and multi-pulsed sediment-bearing flows (turbidity currents) are conducted to test the linkages between downstream flow evolution and associated deposit structure. Experimental data confirm that pulse merging occurs in laboratory-scale turbidity currents. However, only a weak correspondence was seen between longitudinal variations in the internal flow dynamics and the vertical structure of deposits; multi-pulsed deposits were documented, but transitioned to single-pulsed deposits before the pulse merging point. This early transition is attributed to rapid sedimentation-related depletion of the coarser-grained suspended fraction in the laboratory setting, whose absence may have prevented the distal development of multi-pulsed deposits; this factor complicates estimation of the transition point in natural-scale turbidite systems.
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Hidayat, Jafron Wasiq, Karyadi Baskoro, and Rini Sopiany. "Struktur Komunitas Mollusca Bentik Berbasis Kekeruhan Di Perairan Pelabuhan Tanjung Emas Semarang." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 10, no. 2 (April 25, 2012): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.10.2.65-73.

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The breakwater of Tanjung Emas Seaport is designed to absorb seawave as well as increase ships stability.Such water stability will trigger the light and small particles to deposite onto the bottom of the water body,eventhough these are easily re-suspended and initiate to create turbidity. Turbididty is one factor affecting Mollusccommunity. In facing the global climate changes, there will be a seriuos problem triggering the turbidity of theseawater and so do the organims. Researh were aimed to study the benthic Mollusc community in different turbiditylevels. Justified ramdom sampling was applied in 14 stations. Community structure of the molluscs were analizeddiscriptively as well as through Shannon-Wiener (H’) and evenness (e) indeces.Result showed that turbidity in PTES varies between 06,750 – 45,250 NTU. Such qualities were relativelyhigh range and can be tolerated by several given species, mainly Gafrarium tumidum, Nuculana acuta and Pyrenesp. These three above species could live within such high turbidity levels, since some of material are part of theirdiets without disturbing their respiration fuction. The highest diversity index H’ was 1,68 and found in Station 5,which is in accordance with its highest turbididyt level 45,250 NTU. The smalest turbidity level occured in Station 8and it was related to smaller diversity index (0,24). There was a tendency, the smaller the turbidity levels the smallerthe diversity indices. Such relatonship was consistence to the other three stations, namely 9,10 and 11. Exceptionwas found in Station 1, where different dominant species occured and diversity index was relatively high. It isbelieved these are related to the presence of warm outlet of Indonesia Power sewage reaching 32,5 centdegree.
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AKA, Natchia, Abou Traoré, Nadi Paul Dangui, and Yao Dakro Albert Gboko. "Suivi de la turbidité et des matières en suspension dans les rivières côtières en milieu tropical : cas de la Mé et de l’Agneby (sud-est de la Cote d’Ivoire)." Journal of Applied Biosciences 183 (March 31, 2023): 19103–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/jabs.183.1.

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Au Sud de la Côte d’Ivoire, l’État fait recours aux rivières côtières Mé et Agnéby pour pallier le déficit en eau potable destinée aux populations. Cependant, la forte turbidité et les concentrations élevées des matières en suspension dans ces cours d’eaux sont des indicateurs de la dégradation de leur qualité. Objectif Cette étude vise à évaluer la dynamique de la turbidité et des Matières en Suspension (MES) au cours du temps. Méthodologie et Résultats Pour ce faire, des mesures journalières de turbidité et de MES ont été réalisées sur un total de 277 échantillons d’eau prélevés dans la Mé et de 261 dans l’Agnéby sur la période allant de juin 2019 à mai 2020. Les concentrations en MES et ses différentes composantes ont été déterminées par gravimétrie et la turbidité par néphélométrie. La représentation graphique en nuage de points des couples de données turbidité-MES a permis d’établir la nature de leur relation. Les résultats montrent que dans la Mé, les concentrations en MES varient de 20 à 1000 mg/L et la turbidité oscille entre 53,94 et 1845 NTU. Ces valeurs élevées perdurent toute la durée de l’étude et indiquent que les eaux sont de qualité médiocre. Par contre, dans l’Agnéby, les eaux sont de qualité bonne à moyenne. Elles sont moins chargées en MES, avec des valeurs comprises entre 2 et 300 mg/L et une turbidité comprise entre 3,89 et 242 NTU. Pour des teneurs élevées en MES, la fraction minérale l’emporte sur la fraction organique. La grande variabilité des MES et de la turbidité des eaux est liée aux activités agricoles et d’extraction de sable ainsi que de l’orpaillage illégal. Il existe une très bonne corrélation linéaire entre la turbidité et les MES dans la Mé contrairement à l’Agnéby. Conclusion et Application des résultats : Cette étude a mis en lumière les conséquences de l’orpaillage illégal sur la qualité de la rivière Mé. C’est un outil d’aide à la décision qui permettra la surveillance en continu de la qualité des cours d’eau par la mesure de la turbidité seulement et la prise de décisions par les États contre le fléau de l’orpaillage Mots-clés : Rivières côtières, Mé, Agnéby, turbidité, Matières en Suspension 19103 Aka et al., J. Appl. Biosci. Vol : 183, 2023 Suivi de la turbidité et des matières en suspension dans les rivières côtières en milieu tropical : cas de la Mé et de l’Agneby (sud-est de la Cote d’Ivoire) Monitoring turbidity and total solid suspended in coastal rivers in tropical environment: case of Mé and Agnéby (southeast of Côte d’Ivoire) ABSTRACT In the south of Côte d'Ivoire, the State uses the Mé and Agnéby coastal rivers to make up for the lack of drinking water to supply the populations. However, the high turbidity and high concentrations of Total suspended solids in these watercourses are indicators of the deterioration of their quality. Objective: To evaluate the dynamics of turbidity and Total suspended solids (TSS) over time. Methodology and results: To do this, daily turbidity and TSS measurements were taken on a total of 277 water samples taken from the Mé and 261 from the Agnéby over the period from June 2019 to May 2020. TSS concentrations and its various components were determined by gravimetry and turbidity by nephelometry. The graphical representation in point cloud of the turbidity-TSS data pairs made it possible to establish the nature of their relationship. The results show that in the Mé, the TSS concentrations vary from 20 to 1000 mg/L and the turbidity oscillates between 53.94 and 1845 NTU. These high values persist throughout the duration of the study and indicate that the water is of poor quality. On the other hand, in Agnéby, the waters are of good to average quality. They are less loaded with suspended solids, with values between 2 and 300 mg/L and the turbidity is between 3.89 and 242 NTU. For high SS contents, the mineral fraction prevails over the organic fraction. The great variability of suspended solids and water turbidity is linked to agricultural activities and sand extraction as well as illegal gold panning. There is a very good linear correlation between turbidity and suspended solids in the Mé unlike in the Agnéby. Conclusions and applications of results: This study shed light on the consequences of illegal gold panning on the quality of the Mé River. It is a decision support tool that will allow continuous monitoring of the quality of waterways by measuring turbidity and decision-making by States against the scourge of gold panning. Keywords: Coastal Rivers, Mé, Agnéby, turbidity, suspended solids
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Hill, Jenna C., Janet T. Watt, Daniel S. Brothers, and Jared W. Kluesner. "Submarine canyons, slope failures and mass transport processes in southern Cascadia." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 500, no. 1 (2020): 453–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp500-2019-169.

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AbstractMarine turbidite records have been used to infer palaeoseismicity and estimate recurrence intervals for large (>Mw7) earthquakes along the Cascadia Subduction Zone. Conventional models propose that upper slope failures are funneled into submarine canyons and develop into turbidity flows that are routed down-canyon to deep-water channel and fan systems. However, the sources and pathways of these turbidity flows are poorly constrained, leading to uncertainties in the connections between ground shaking, slope failure and deep-water turbidites. We examine the spatial distribution of submarine landslides along the southern Cascadia margin to identify source regions for slope failures that may have developed into turbidity flows. Using multibeam bathymetry, sparker multichannel seismic and chirp sub-bottom data, we observe relatively few canyon head slope failures and limited evidence of large landslides on the upper and middle slope. Most of the submarine canyons are draped with sediment infill in the upper reaches and do not appear to be active sediment conduits during the recent sea-level highstand. In contrast, there is evidence of extensive mass wasting of the lower slope and non-channelized downslope flows. Contrary to previous studies, we propose that failures along the lower slope are the primary sources for deep-sea seismoturbidites in southern Cascadia.
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Normandeau, Alexandre, and D. Calvin Campbell. "Recurrence of turbidity currents on glaciated continental margins: A conceptual model from eastern Canada." Journal of Sedimentary Research 90, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 1305–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.66.

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ABSTRACT Turbidity currents in submarine canyons transport large volumes of sediment and carbon to the deep sea and are known to present a major risk to submarine infrastructure. Understanding the origin, the triggers, the recurrence, and the timing of these events is important for predicting future events and mitigating their impact. Depending on the morphological and latitudinal setting of submarine canyons, different external controls will govern the recurrence of turbidity currents. Here, we assess the recurrence of turbidity currents in shelf-incising submarine canyons off eastern Canada in order to examine the effects of external forcings such as glacier retreat and sea level on the deep-water sedimentary record. We used multibeam bathymetry, sub-bottom profiles, and the analysis of turbidites in sediment cores to infer the triggers of turbidity currents over time and propose a conceptual model for the activity of turbidity currents during glacial retreat. The chronostratigraphy of turbidites shows that turbidity current activity in the glaciated The Gully submarine canyon (eastern Canada) was highest between 24 ka cal BP (LGM) and 17 ka cal BP, with > 100 turbidites per 1,000 yr, when the ice sheet was directly delivering sediment to submarine canyons. As the ice margin retreated, the dominant sediment supply switched to glaciofluvial and then to longshore drift, while RSL remained low. The recurrence of turbidity currents nonetheless decreased drastically to < 10 per 1000 yr during that time, pre-dating the rise in RSL. This timing suggests that the reduction of turbidity-current activity is closely linked to retreating glaciers rather than to sea-level rise, which occurred later. Following the retreat of the ice sheet, sea level rose progressively to drown the shallow banks on the continental shelf, and turbidity currents ceased being active after 13 ka cal BP. In the late Holocene, landslide and concomitant turbidity-current recurrence increased to 1 per 1,000 yrs, with at least four new events recorded in deep water. This study shows that glacial sediment supply and sea level controlled the type of sediment supply to the continental slope, which in turn controlled the triggers of turbidity currents over time and the flushing of sediment to the deep water. By comparing with other glaciated margins, we propose a conceptual model explaining the recurrence of turbidity currents, taking into account RSL change and the position of the ice margin relative to the shelf edge. This conceptual model can help predict turbidity-current activity and offshore geohazards on other ancient and modern glaciated continental margins.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Turbidity"

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Fay, Gemma Louise. "Mathematical modelling of turbidity currents." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:62bb9382-1c50-47f3-8f59-66924cc31760.

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Turbidity currents are one of the primary means of transport of sediment in the ocean. They are fast-moving, destructive fluid flows which are able to entrain sediment from the seabed and accelerate downslope in a process known as `ignition'. In this thesis, we investigate one particular model for turbidity currents; the `Parker model' of Parker, Pantin and Fukushima (1986), which models the current as a continuous sediment stream and consists of four equations for the depth, velocity, sediment concentration and turbulent kinetic energy of the flow. We propose two reduced forms of the model; a one-equation velocity model and a two-equation shallow-water model. Both these models give an insight into the dynamics of a turbidity current propagating downstream and we find the slope profile to be particularly influential. Regions of supercritical and subcritical flow are identified and the model is solved through a combination of asymptotic approximations and numerical solutions. We next consider the dynamics of the four-equation model, which provides a particular focus on Parker's turbulent kinetic energy equation. This equation is found to fail catastrophically and predict complex-valued solutions when the sediment-induced stratification of the current becomes large. We propose a new `transition' model for turbulent kinetic energy which features a switch from an erosional, turbulent regime to a depositional, stably stratified regime. Finally, the transition model is solved for a series of case studies and a numerical parameter study is conducted in an attempt to answer the question `when does a turbidity current become extinct?'.
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Rajapakse, Jayasiri Pemathilake. "Pre-filtration of high turbidity waters." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497127.

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Edwards, Deborah Anne. "Turbidity currents : dynamics, deposits and reversals." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293760.

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Straub, Kyle M. "Quantifying turbidity current interactions with topography." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40864.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2007.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 196-205).
This thesis advances our understanding of how transport properties of turbidity currents are mediated by interactions with seafloor topography, specifically channelized surfaces. Turbidity currents are responsible for crafting the morphology of continental margins. Unfortunately, very few direct observations exists defining turbidity current interactions with submarine channels and canyons because infrequent occurrence, great water depths, and high current velocities make measurements difficult to obtain. To overcome this problem, I utilize reduced scale laboratory experiments, remote sensing of the seafloor and subsurface deposits, and numerical analysis of transport processes. I focus on resolving the topography and composition of the evolving water-sediment interface with additional measurements that characterize the sediment transport and flow fields. I begin by quantifying interactions between turbidity currents and channel-bounding levees. Levees are the primary elements of self-formed channels and act to confine flows within channels, thereby increasing transport efficiency. I quantify the morphology and growth of levees in a submarine channel network offshore Borneo. Levee deposit trends are interpreted using laboratory observations and a morphodynamic model describing levee growth. Channel and levee deposits resulting from interactions between turbidity currents and sinuous submarine channels are then studied using reduced-scale laboratory experiments. Measurements of current superelevation in channel bends are used to illustrate the importance of current runup onto the outer banks of channel bends. This runup resulted in focused overbank flow and production of thick, coarse, steep levees at these sites.
(cont.) Additional laboratory experiments illustrate the importance of current-channel bend interactions to the runout length of turbidity currents. I observed enhanced mixing in channel bends that reduced proximal deposition rates in sinuous channels compared to straight channels. I hypothesize that a wholesale vertical mixing of suspended sediment within turbidity currents at channel bends is a necessary condition for the construction of submarine channels greater than 100 km in length. Finally, I document the deepening of submarine canyons under net depositional conditions using an industry-grade seismic volume from the continental slope offshore Borneo. Interpretation of seismic horizons suggests deposition resulted from sheet-like turbidity currents, highlighting the importance of unconfined currents to the evolution of seascapes.
by Kyle M. Straub.
Ph.D.
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Altinakar, Mustafa Siddik. "Weakly depositing turbidity currents on small slopes." Online version, 1993. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/26138.

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Goater, Alexander James Nicholas. "Shallow-layer modelling of submarine turbidity currents." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.566708.

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Turbidity currents are large-scale natural phenomena that consist of suspended sed- iment travelling over an impermeable underlying boundary. We employ a shallow- layer approach to model their dynamics, taking advantage of the fact that their streamwise length is much larger than their vertical height. We frequently consider flows initiated by the instantaneous release of a finite volume of stationary material, known as a 'dam break' configuration. New complete analytical solutions of dam-break flows into a layer of quiescent fluid, or 'tailwater', are found. The tailwater's presence introduces new phenomena: after sufficient time the front of the flow decelerates and an internal bore develops. A model of polydisperse turbidity current motion is developed in which we con- serve interstitial fluid, momentum and particulate. To integrate our model we con- struct a new numerical scheme that is second-order accurate, simple to apply, shock- capturing and non-oscillatory. The scheme is validated by comparison with existing analytical results and employed in three ways. First, the effect that entrainment of ambient fluid and the gradient of the un- derlying boundary have on particle-driven gravity currents is derived through new scaling relationships. These highlight the role that these processes may have in large- scale geophysical flows and indicate why laboratory investigations at much smaller scales may not have needed to include these effects. The turbidity current formed by a lava dome collapse on the Soufriere Hills volcano, Montserrat in July 2003 is modelled next using no fitting parameters. We employ field data to inform our model and validate the output. Agreement is found for the predicted deposit thickness and aspects of the grain size distribution, thus our model effectively captures the key dynamical processes. Finally, new analytical self-similar solutions to entraining gravity currents on inclined planes are presented. We demonstrate that these are attractive solutions of the governing equations after sufficient time.
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Lucchese, Luisa Vieira. "Estudo numérico da sedimentação em correntes de turbidez com evolução do relevo de fundo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/175016.

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Correntes de densidade são fluxos gravitacionais gerados pela diferença de densidade entre dois fluidos. Correntes de turbidez fazem parte de uma sub-classificação das correntes de densidade, na qual o fluido mais denso tem, na sua composição, partículas em suspensão. Muitos trabalhos numéricos já estudaram a dinâmica das correntes de turbidez, mas, nenhum dos encontrados aplicou mudanças de relevo concomitantes com a simulação, causadas pela sedimentação das próprias partículas da corrente e nem alterou o relevo após a passagem de cada evento em um domínio tridimensional. O presente trabalho pretende analisar a alteração no relevo de fundo causada por uma corrente de turbidez. No código Incompact3d, as equações de Navier-Stokes, Continuidade e Transporte e Difusão são resolvidas em uma malha cartesiana tridimensional. A condição inicial adotada é a de Lock-Exchange. As simulações realizadas utilizaram Simulação Numérica Direta (DNS). O código utiliza um esquema compacto centrado de sexta ordem, em diferenças finitas, para o esquema espacial, e Adams-Bashfort de terceira ordem para o esquema temporal. A validação do código foi realizada comparando-se com trabalhos experimental e numéricos. A análise das diferentes proporções granulométricas mostrou que quanto maior é a quantidade de material grosso na condição inicial, maior será seu depósito para um dado tempo. Em consequência, mais relevante se torna a consideração da alteração do relevo de fundo. Além disso, quanto maior o fator de compactação do sedimento, maior será o erro de não considerar a atualização de fundo. Os resultados também apontaram que os erros médios ao não considerar a atualização do fundo são da ordem de 4% da massa de depósito em 20 tempos adimensionais, para os parâmetros utilizados. Ao se propagar uma corrente de turbidez sobre o depósito de outra, os erros se mostram menores.
Gravity currents are gravitational fluxes triggered by density di erence between two fluids. A sub-classification of those are turbidity currents, in which the denser fluid is composed by the lighter fluid plus suspended particles. Many papers had shown turbidity currents dynamics, although none of the papers found had applied changes in the simulated topography due to deposit during the own simulation, neither they had altered a 3D domain topography after each flux, applying the changes caused by the previous current. The present dissertation aims to analyse the turbidity current dynamics alteration caused by the influence of its own deposit, altering the topography during the very simulation. The analysis is conducted in a polidispersed turbidity current. The Incompact3d code solves Navier-Stokes, continuity and transport-di usion equation, in a tridimensional cartesian mesh. Lock-exchange was chosen to be the initial condition. Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) are performed. Sixth order compact finite-di erence schemes are used on the spatial domain, while third order Adams-Bashfort is applied for the temporal evaluation. Comparisons with numerical and experimental papers were performed for code verification. Results showed the coarser the particles on the starting lock-exchange, the higher its deposit is, and the more the terrain will be altered. Nevertheless, the bigger the compacting factor, the bigger the error of not considering bathymetry alteration. Results also point that the average errors of not considering the update are in order of 4% on the mass deposit, after 20 dimensionless times, for the used parameters. When a current propagates over the deposit of a previous one, these errors are smaller.
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BITTON, LUIZ FERNANDO ROCHA. "VALIDATION OF SIMPLIFIED MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR TURBIDITY CURRENTS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=12078@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
A combinação de modelos numéricos com modelos computacionais tem contribuido muito para o melhor entendimento matemático de fluxos gravitacionais, porém esses modelos não podem substituir a análise através de trabalhos experimentais. O uso de modelos físicos em escala provou ser essencial na validação de equações para modelagem de correntes de turbidez. Com o objetivo de diminuir o nível de dificuldade em modelar numericamente essas correntes e de gerar modelos computacionais de alto desempenho, algumas simplificações foram feitas durante o desenvolvimento das equações de velocidade. Dessa forma, para provar que tais simplificações não iriam alterar os resultados numéricos do modelo, foram realizados inúmeros experimentos, coletando informações sobre a evolução espaço- temporal de velocidades das correntes de turbidez não- confinadas com e sem partículas. Comparando os resultados do modelo numérico com os do modelo físico, foi concluído que, infelizmente, as aproximações influenciaram os resultados. Contudo, os dados e a comparação visual entre as simulações também revelaram alguns resultados encorajadores, os quais estimularão pesquisas futuras para se melhorar a precisão da equação de velocidade utilizada no modelo numérico.
The combination between numerical and computer models has improved dramatically the mathematical understanding of gravity currents; however, these models can not replace the analysis by experimental work. The use of scaled analogue models, or physical models, proved to be essential in validating velocity equations for turbidity currents. In order to reduce the level of difficulty to model mathematically these currents, some approximations were applied during the development of the velocity equation. Therefore, willing to prove that these approximations would not compromise the numerical results, innumerous experiments were performed to acquire a spatio-temporal velocity evolution database for both unconfined particle free and particulate turbidity flows. Comparing the results from the numerical and physical simulations, it was concluded that, unfortunately, the approximations have influenced the numerical results. Nevertheless, the data and visual comparisons between the simulations also revealed some encouraging results, which will stimulate some future research to improve the accuracy of the depth-averaging velocity equation.
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Ho, Viet Luan. "Multi-pulsed turbidity current dynamics and geological implications." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20794/.

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Deposits of turbidity currents - turbidites - commonly exhibit upward-fining grainsize profiles, reflecting deposition from flows with simple rapidly-waxing then progressively-waning velocity structures. However, turbidites with patterns of multiple cycles of inverse-to-normal grading are not uncommon. Such deposits are interpreted as being deposited under the influence of repeated waxing-waning velocity cycles within multi-pulsed turbidity currents and are termed "multi-pulsed turbidites". Multi-pulsed flow can be initiated by sequences of retrogressive submarine failures in which each slumping episode can form a pulse in the velocity structure, or may arise due to the combination of multiple flows at downstream confluences; separate flows may even run into each other over long distances. In the first case, it has been inferred that multi-pulsed deposits might carry signals of flow initiation, with each slump linked to a seismic impulse, and further, that such signals can be recognised in the vertical grading structures of distal turbidites. The focus of this research has been to establish i) how multi-pulsed flow dynamics and associated deposits vary along flow pathways and ii) the degree to which grading structures in turbidites deposited by multi-pulsed flows permit inference of flow initiation mechanisms. Initial experiment modelling of single- and multi-pulsed solute-driven gravity flows shows that internal pulses are necessarily advected forward, eventually merging with the flow head such that multi-pulsed flows transition from being cyclically waxing-waning to waxing on arrival then monotonically waning. This finding implies that initiation signals should be distorted then lost in any deposits along the flow pathway. Accordingly, an interpretational template for the spatial variation in turbidite character along flow pathways was developed, accounting for both pulse merging and flow combination at confluences. Further experiments were conducted to support a scaling analysis to estimate merging lengths; these lengths are shorter than those documented from prototype settings, and may reflect a limitation in the scope of application, arising from experimental constraints. Experiment modelling of single- and multi-pulsed sediment-driven gravity flows confirms the occurrence of the pulse merging phenomenon in turbidity currents. Analysis of associated deposits confirms the downstream spatial transition from multi- to uni-pulsed turbidites, albeit with the point of transition being more proximal in the laboratory deposit than the point of pulse merging. However, the spatial persistence of the complex velocity structure up to the point of merging need not be reflected in the associated deposit. Beyond the merging point, single-pulsed turbidites must always be deposited. Such deposits cannot be used to infer flow initiation mechanisms.
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Hu, Peng. "Coupled modelling of turbidity currents over erodible beds." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2563.

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Turbidity currents are significant due to their role in dictating reservoir sedimentation, the safety of deep sea facilities and the formation of submarine morphological features and turbidites. Interactions exist between turbidity current, sediment transport, bed topography and deformation. However, existing mathematical models have ignored these interactions either partly or completely. Therefore these models can be referred to as decoupled or partially coupled models. Uncertainties arising from these simplifications remain unclear. To help address this, the present study advances modelling capability and understanding of turbidity currents in three areas. First, the significance of the interactions is analysed theoretically. Second, a fully coupled mathematical model, which incorporates explicitly the interactions between turbidity current, sediment transport, bed topography and deformation, is developed and tested. Third, the model is applied to submarine turbidity currents and reservoir turbidity currents. It is demonstrated that the model is a viable tool for effective reservoir sediment management and facilitates an improved understanding of the formation of submarine morphological features. Three issues need to be carefully dealt with in turbidity current modelling: 1) the internal hydraulic jumps, 2) the moving current front, -and 3) the irregular topographies in the field. These necessitate a mathematical model being well-balanced and capable of automatically capturing shock waves and tracking the wet/dry front. But to the writer’s knowledge, these aspects have so far not been simultaneously implemented in existing models of turbidity currents. In this study, the finite volume method is used to solve the governing equations and the slope limited centred scheme (SLIC) is employed to estimate the numerical fluxes, rendering the model capable of automatically capturing shock waves. The weighted surface depth gradient method (WSDGM) is implemented in the SLIC scheme, making the model well-balanced and thus applicable to both regular and irregular topographies. The wellbalanced property is demonstrated by successful reproduction of an initially subaqueous static turbidity volume over an irregular hump, as well as the successful application of the model to a real reservoir. The experimentally observed internal hydraulic jump is satisfactorily reproduced by the model, suggesting the ability of the model to accurately capture shock-waves. The accuracy of the model in reproducing key current variables is also demonstrated as against experimental data. The significance of fully coupled modelling is investigated theoretically using the multipletime- scale theory. This is complemented by numerical simulations of self-accelerating turbidity currents. Fully coupled modelling is shown to be critical for refined quality of turbidity current modelling, especially for those cases featuring rapid bed deformation. Decoupled and partially coupled models may be approximately applicable only to turbidity currents with mild bed deformation. Existing understanding of the formation of submarine morphological features is based mainly on indirect back-estimations, which cannot resolve the physical process. Applying the fully coupled model, the formation processes of canyons, channel-levees and lobes are numerically resolved. It is demonstrated that appropriate bed slope and sediment particle size may favour the formation of channel-levee morphology over submarine fans, as larger Richardson number does. Turbidity currents have been generated in a series of water-sediment regulation experiments in the Yellow River, China, aiming to get as much sediment as possible transported to the downstream and therefore reduce reservoir sedimentation. However, post-experiment analyses are mainly in the form of observed data comparisons. Two events of turbidity currents in the Xiaolangdi reservoir are investigated numerically. The advance of the current front and the sediment transport rate are reproduced by the model fairly well. These suggest the present model as a viable tool for determining the timing for operating the bottom outlets, which is critical for effective reservoir sediment management.
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Books on the topic "Turbidity"

1

V, Stow D. A., ed. Deep-water turbidite systems. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1992.

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Slatt, Roger M., and Carlos Zavala. Sediment transfer from shelf to deep water: Revisiting the delivery system. Tulsa, OK: Co-published by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists and SEPM, 2011.

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Moyer, Douglas L. Continuous turbidity monitoring in the Indian Creek Watershed, Tazewell County, Virginia, 2006-08. Reston, Va: U.S. Geological Survey, 2009.

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Moyer, Douglas L. Continuous turbidity monitoring in the Indian Creek Watershed, Tazewell County, Virginia, 2006-08. Reston, Va: U.S. Geological Survey, 2009.

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Edwards, Deborah Anne, ed. Turbidity Currents: Dynamics, Deposits and Reversals. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0019704.

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Herbich, John B. Turbidity generated by a model cutterhead dredge. College Station, Tex: Sea Grant College Program, Texas A & M University, 1985.

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Li, Qilin. Assessing the effectiveness and environmental impacts of using natural flocculants to manage turbidity: Final report. Salem, OR: Oregon Dept. of Transportation, Research Unit, 2005.

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Gippel, Christopher James. The effect of water colour, particle size, and particle composition on stream water turbidity measurements. Campbell, ACT, Australia: Dept. of Geography and Oceanography, University College, University of NSW, Australian Defence Force Academy, 1988.

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Vohs, Paul A. A critical review of the effects of turbidity on aquatic organisms in large rivers. Onalaska, Wis: The Center, 1993.

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E, Olson Leif, Geological Survey (U.S.), Chester County Water Resources Authority, and Chester County (Pa.). Health Department, eds. Estimated suspended-sediment loads and yields in the French and Brandywine Creek Basins, Chester County, Pennsylvania, water years 2008-09. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Turbidity"

1

Czyż, Ewa A., and Anthony R. Dexter. "Turbidity." In Encyclopedia of Agrophysics, 938–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3585-1_178.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Turbidity." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 774. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_12216.

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Gorokhovich, Yuri. "Turbidity." In Encyclopedia of Estuaries, 720–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8801-4_253.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Turbidity." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 930. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_15034.

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Downing, John. "Turbidity Monitoring." In Environmental Instrumentation and Analysis Handbook, 511–46. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471473332.ch24.

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Wu, Weiming. "Turbidity Currents." In Sediment Transport Dynamics, 496–533. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003343165-14.

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Mbonu, C. C., O. Kilanko, M. B. Kilanko, and P. O. Babalola. "Turbidity and Urine Turbidity: A Mini Review." In Bioenergy and Biochemical Processing Technologies, 253–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96721-5_22.

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Cartigny, Matthieu J. B., and George Postma. "Turbidity Current Bedforms." In Atlas of Bedforms in the Western Mediterranean, 29–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33940-5_6.

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Jain, Aakanchha, Richa Jain, and Sourabh Jain. "Digital Turbidity Meter." In Basic Techniques in Biochemistry, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 21–22. New York, NY: Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9861-6_10.

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Allen, J. R. L. "A matter of turbidity." In Principles of Physical Sedimentology, 123–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9683-6_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Turbidity"

1

A. Waltham, D. "Turbidity Current Modelling." In EAGE Research Workshop - From Seismic Interpretation to Stratigraphic and Basin Modelling, Present and Future. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201403027.

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Luo, Yonggang, Yijun Cao, Guanjun Liu, Yingqi Sun, Jun Zou, and Wenke Qi. "Miniaturized Optical Fiber Turbidity Sensor for Turbidity Monitoring in Constricted Space." In 2023 IEEE 16th International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments (ICEMI). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icemi59194.2023.10270802.

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Perlicki, Krzysztof T., Maria Beblowska, and Jerzy Kruszewski. "Fiber optics turbidity sensor." In Optoelectronic and Electronic Sensors, edited by Ryszard Jachowicz and Zdzislaw Jankiewicz. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.213158.

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Chiang, Cheng-Ta, and Shih-Ming Huang. "A CMOS turbidity to frequency converter with calibration circuits for detecting turbidity applications." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icma.2015.7237515.

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Nair, Devika S., and Sanju Sreedharan. "Reduction of Turbidity by Electrocoagulation." In Proceedings of the Advances in Technology, Engineering and Computing A Multinational Colloquium - 2017. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-11-0744-3_c17-11.

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Karnawat, Vaibhav, and S. L. Patil. "Turbidity detection using image processing." In 2016 International Conference on Computing, Communication and Automation (ICCCA). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccaa.2016.7813877.

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Young, Xiaolin. "Low-range process turbidity sensor." In International Conference on Sensors and Control Techniques (ICSC2000), edited by Desheng Jiang and Anbo Wang. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.385594.

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Talhami, Mohammed, Wardan Al-Khatib, Obadah Dahdal, Mohammad K. Hassan, and Alaa H. AlHawari. "Efficient Turbidity Removal Using a New Gel Filtration Process." In The 2nd International Conference on Civil Infrastructure and Construction. Qatar University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/cic.2023.0158.

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The removal of turbidity is a prime objective in the treatment of seawater, especially in the production of potable water. The water turbidity exists because of the colloidal particles or large-weight molecules that remain in suspension in the untreated solution. This study investigated the performance of a new gel layer for the treatment of highly turbid seawater. Based on the periodic turbidity values in the Arabian Gulf over the year, the chosen seawater samples had the turbidity values of 4.8 NTU, 76.1 NTU, and 99.7 NTU. The gel filtration layer showed promising adsorption capabilities and its physical appearance achieved a cohesive matrix form, which resulted in good mechanical strength. The proposed gel filter was effective enough for the removal of turbidity from the selected seawater samples with more than 98.5% efficiency.
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Barrera, Rubén G., Edahí Gutiérrez-Reyes, and Augusto García-Valenzuela. "Colloidal Optics: From Transparency to Turbidity." In Latin America Optics and Photonics Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laop.2014.ltu3c.1.

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Ostryk, Oleksandr, and Svitlana Oliynyk. "APPEARANCE OF TURBIDITY IN ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES." In Relevant Issues of the Development of Science in Central and Eastern European Countries. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-588-11-2_12.

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Reports on the topic "Turbidity"

1

Longtin, F. B. Aluminum Corrosion and Turbidity. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/810370.

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Garcia, Marcelo H. Turbidity Currents and Seabed Morphology. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada613084.

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Garcia, Marcelo H. Turbidity Currents, Bedforms, and Gullies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada625966.

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Garcia, Marcelo H. Turbidity Current Hydrodynamics and Seabed Morphology. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada572665.

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TRIMBLE, D. J. Effect of Canister Movement on Water Turbidity. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/804495.

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Garcia, Marcelo H. Bedforms Generated by Turbidity Currents in Continental Margins. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada609705.

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Garcia, Marcelo H. Sediment Waves and Gullies Generated by Turbidity Currents. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada627788.

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Fall, Kelsey, David Perkey, Zachary Tyler, and Timothy Welp. Field measurement and monitoring of hydrodynamic and suspended sediment within the Seven Mile Island Innovation Laboratory, New Jersey. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40980.

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The Seven Mile Island Innovation Laboratory (SMIIL) was launched in 2019 to evaluate beneficial use of dredge material management practices in coastal New Jersey. As part of that effort, the Philadelphia District requested that the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, collect data to characterize the hydrodynamics and turbidity within the central portions of the SMIIL prior to and during dredge material placement. Pre-dredge monitoring found that apart from punctuated wind events, the study area waters were generally calm and clear with small waves, <0.25 m, slow current speeds (~0.1 m/s), low turbidity (~10 ntus), and low suspended sediment concentrations (~10–20 mg/L). In March 2020, 2,475 m³ of dredged sediment was placed on the northern portion of Sturgeon Island within the SMIIL. Turbidity in the waters surrounding the island was monitored to quantify extent of the sediment plume resulting from the placement. Observations found little to no turbidity plume associated with the dredging operations beyond 20 m from the island and that the plume was largely limited to areas near a tidal creek draining the placement area. Additionally, turbidity levels quickly returned to background conditions at times when the dredge was not in operation.
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Lewis, Jack, and Rand Eads. Implementation guide for turbidity threshold sampling: principles, procedures, and analysis. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/psw-gtr-212.

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Wilmarth, W. R. Silicon Analysis of Tank 8F and Tank 40H Turbidity Samples. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/779685.

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