Journal articles on the topic 'Tunnel technology'
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1
Zhu, Jianguo, Yanyan Dong, Jiancheng Zhang, Feng Guo, Quanli Lu, Bin Lv, and Jianqing Wu. "Review on Tunnel Communication Technology." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 13, 2022): 11451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811451.
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Tunnels account for an increasing proportion of highways. Due to the semi-closed structure of tunnels, signal communication is difficult in tunnels. This review analyzes the signal data transmission requirements of intelligent network management systems, such as lighting systems, wind protection systems, fire protection systems, and vehicle and pedestrian positioning systems in tunnels. The selection of signal coverage and transmission methods are also discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of various networking methods are analyzed. This paper summarizes the wireless signal transmission, wired signal transmission and signal transmission modes of different tunnel types.
2
Qi, Su, Ye Zhang, Shu Hao Liu, and Nian Liu. "Construction Technology of Cangyuan Tunnel of LanYu Railway." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 1291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.1291.
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The phenomenon of railway and road tunnel passing through the debris flow gully is more and more prevalent, for the rapid development of the construction of railways and highways. At present, the construction experience of tunnels passing through the debris flow gully is not rich enough, so the study on this part is necessary. The engineering geological conditions of Cangyuan Tunnel are complex and the construction of which is difficult. The three-step seven-step method, tunnel surface grouting and tunnel root piles reinforcement basis are used to ensure the stability of the tunnel surrounding rock, based on the characteristics of Cangyuan Tunnel which passes through the debris flow gully. The deformation is controlled within the specification range, which indicates that the construction effect of Cangyuan Tunnel is good. These construction measures solve the construction problems of tunnels which pass through the debris flow gully and ensure project quality and duration, therefore, these construction measures can be used in similar projects.
3
Sun, Ya Ting, Zhi Rong Mei, and Jun Wei Zhang. "Continuous Belt Mucking Technology of China Railway Tunnel Construction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (December 2012): 664–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.664.
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The conventional mucking system of tunnel construction in China has a series of deficiencies and stubborn problems. Tunnel mucking technologies matched with different tunnel construction methods have been analyzed systematically and the continuous belt mucking methodology which is appropriated with drilling-blasting method was presented. The continuous belt mucking technology includes mucking scheme design and mucking equipment configuration. Compared with the conventional mucking methods, the comprehensive benefit can be fully demonstrated by the new continuous belt mucking system. On the other hand, the predominance on environmental protection of the continuous belt mucking technoloty matches up with the conservation policy. The technology would be widely applied in long tunnels and tunnels embedded in frozen ground and located in bitter cold plateau. The economic benifis and contribution to society of continuous belt mucking technology would be remarkable.
4
Wu, Sheng Lin, Hong Liang Deng, Kai Jiang Chen, Ming Yan Zhu, Dong Hui Huang, and Si Yuan Fu. "Visual Monitoring Technology of the Tunnel 3D Laser Scanning and Engineering Applications." Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (September 2013): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.463.
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Tunnel monitoring and measurement is a very important part of the tunnel construction safety andit is one of the important contents of tunnels on Railway Passenger Dedicated Lines segment acceptance, Its purpose is through the tunnel clearance convergence and settlement observation,to analysis data, optimize tunnel construction and design, and determine a reasonable safety step and support time, protect tunnel construction and operational safety, Although the domestic and foreign on tunnel monitoring measurement work are very seriously, but at present the requirements of monitoring level and information construction are far away. This article based on 3D laser scanning technology, proposed tunnel 3D laser scanning measurement and data visualization technology, through the engineering application and practice, the results show that the technique can be real-time, accurate and comprehensive to get the deformation data of tunnel space,and can analysis and counter-analysis the deformation of tunnel construction, it has greatapplication value of engineering for early warning forecast the risk and guidingtunnel construction.
5
Li, Xiao Juan, Fan He, Yu Bo Wang, Bin Zhang, and Xiao Bin Liang. "Tunnel Structure Safety Monitoring System Based on BOTDA Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 621 (August 2014): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.621.281.
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The structure of the power tunnel is unique as a special place. It is built under the surface of the earth crust,belongs to half-hidden project. In recent years, affected by operating life, geological conditions, design and construction, the number of the tunnels which has structural safety risks apears more and more, so the safety of the tunnel structure always has been a very important issue of construction, operation and maintenance. This paper presents a tunnel structure safety monitoring system based on BOTDA technology.This system has good adaptability to the scene, and can remotely monitor the structural safety of the tunnel in real time, and it also has advantages of distribution, long-distance, high-precision, etc.
6
Zhu, Huangda, Feng Liu, Jiawei Cui, and Wangbin Peng. "Research on tunnel damage process based on acoustic emission technology." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2196, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012001.
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Abstract For a long time, it is generally believed that the tunnel has excellent seismic performance and can resist earthquake damage, so it will not be damaged. However, according to the survey of tunnels after the Wenchuan earthquake in China, 110 tunnels were damaged to varying degrees. In this paper, a series of shaking table tests were carried out on the proportional tunnel model under seismic excitation. Acoustic emission technology is combined with seismic excitation to identify and describe the damage of tunnel lining. The tunnel lining strain and acoustic emission signals are collected in the test. In addition, this paper also introduces the use of acoustic emission technology to describe the damage of tunnel lining. Taking the crown as an example, through the correlation analysis of amplitude, counts and energy, it is preliminarily judged that the crown is damaged under working conditions 7 and 8; Then combined with strain analysis, it is proved that the correlation analysis is reasonable. Finally, the rationality of correlation analysis is further explained by the changes of counts, energy, and its cumulative parameters with time. At the same time, the damage process of tunnel lining under seismic excitation is described by defining damage variables, which can be divided into three stages: initial compression elastic stage, yield failure stage and residual stage.
7
Zhang, Heng, Shou Gen Chen, and Liang Chen. "A Study on Large Power Jet Ventilation Technology in Long Tunnel Construction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 94-96 (September 2011): 1800–1804. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.94-96.1800.
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One of difficulties in super long tunnels’ construction is the construction ventilation to meet the requirement of normal construction environment and assure the workers’ health. Using traditional tunnelling ventilation is very difficult to meet the need of super long tunnel construction. As the energy assumption is high and it is very expensive. This paper investigated the simulation of tunnel construction ventilation with large power jet fans during the construction of Jinping Auxiliary Tunnels by using the computational fluid code FLUENT, the layout of jet fans in the tunnels is optimized. It is found that the best layout of the jet fan is aroud the transverse channel under the direction of airflow and jet fan should not be too far away from the transverse channel. The CO mainly distributes in the upper part of the tunnel when the jet fan is installed at a higher position, this layout of the jet fan is beneficial to construction of tunnels.
8
Zhang, Yuling. "Application of Distributed Intelligent Power Supply Technology in Expressway Tunnels." Journal of World Architecture 6, no. 3 (May 17, 2022): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jwa.v6i3.3889.
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With the coordinated development of today’s social economy with science and technology, various advanced technologies are being used in highway engineering, especially the distributed intelligent power supply technology in expressway tunnels, which has a very significant advantage. In order to realize the effective application of this technology and promote the power supply effect in expressway tunnel, this study analyzes the advantages of this technology and its application in expressway tunnel, hoping to provide scientific reference for the application of distributed intelligent power supply technology and the engineering development of expressway tunnels.
9
Yang, Song, Zubin Ai, Chao Zhang, Shun Dong, Xun Ouyang, Rong Liu, and Ping Zhang. "Study on Optimization of Tunnel Ventilation Flow Field in Long Tunnel Based on CFD Computer Simulation Technology." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 13, 2022): 11486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811486.
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With the rapid development of tunnel construction, more and more long tunnels are being designed and built. In contrast to ordinary tunnels, long tunnels are characterized by large construction distances and difficult ventilation. In this study, gallery ventilation systems in the construction of long tunnels were studied. Combined with the CFD software FLUENT, a three-dimensional model of tunnel ventilation of a double tunnel was established, and a numerical simulation analysis of the ventilation flow field was carried out and optimized the flow field of gallery ventilation. We found that the main circulation air flow of gallery ventilation was formed by the jet fan, which was installed near the air flow-in tunnel. We also determined the main factors that affect the ventilation effect in gallery ventilation, including the wind wall formed by the high-speed airflow at the cross-aisle and found that the draft fan in front of the cross-aisle could eliminate the wind wall and improve the ventilation effect. The influence of the location and type of the draft fan on the elimination of air flow structure was studied, and the best fan layout scheme suitable for the site was determined. The ventilation scheme of the tunnel was optimized.
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Pascu, Ileana, and Mircea Georgescu. "A Possible Tunnels Execution Technology on Subsection E2 of the Highway A1." Mining Revue 27, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2021-0025.
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Abstract The paper aims to establish the design elements of the tunnels to be executed on subsection E2 of the Lugoj-Deva highway section, an integral part of the A1 highway. From the multitude of problems related to the execution of a tunnel, the paper investigates the following aspects: geotechnical investigations of the areas to be crossed by tunnels, analysis of tunnel stability, static checks of the final support/lining and, finally, a possible technology for their execution.
11
Pan, Fei, and Sheng Guo Cheng. "Analysis of Deformation Mechanism and Control Technology of Soft Rock Tunnel with High Geostress." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 794–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.794.
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With the development of transportation construction, soft rock tunnel with high geostress construction has become a key problem to overcome of traffic engineering construction. In order to explore the deformation mechanism and control technology of soft rock tunnel with high geostress, Xiakou tunnel engineering as an example, the geological characteristics and deformation characteristics of the tunnel were analyzed, to obtain the deformation mechanism of soft rock tunnels with high geostress, and to develop deformation control technology, the results provide a basis and reference for the domestic and foreign the similar engineering construction.
12
Han, Feng, Jigang Li, Yuancheng Cai, Qiang Wang, and Junling Qiu. "Application of Energy-Concentrated Hydraulic Blasting Technology in Tunnel Construction in China." Shock and Vibration 2022 (May 2, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4724343.
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The construction of traffic network brings opportunities to the development of tunnel construction technology. At present, the construction of rock tunnels is still dominated by drilling and blasting. There are some problems in conventional blasting, such as over and underexcavation, damage of surrounding rock, large blasting vibration, and high content of tunnel dust. The energy-concentrated hydraulic blasting technology (ECHBT) combines the advantages of energy-concentrated blasting technology (ECBT) and hydraulic blasting technology (HBT) and makes up for the defects of conventional blasting. This paper summarizes the principle of ECHBT and its application effect in tunnel construction in China. In addition to solving the problems existing in conventional blasting technology, ECHBT can also improve tunneling efficiency, can be used in special stratum tunnels, and can save construction costs. However, there are also some factors affecting the blasting effect in practical applications, which need to be paid attention to. At present, there is little theoretical research on ECHBT; with the further improvement of optimization research, it can be expected to be more widely used in the field of tunnel construction.
13
Nakamura, Satoru, Atsushi Yamashita, Fumihiro Inoue, Daisuke Inoue, Yusuke Takahashi, Nobukazu Kamimura, and Takao Ueno. "Inspection Test of a Tunnel with an Inspection Vehicle for Tunnel Lining Concrete." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 31, no. 6 (December 20, 2019): 762–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2019.p0762.
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Users of bridges and tunnels are generally concerned about the aging of these structures. Periodic inspections are necessary to keep old bridges and tunnels healthy. Inspection engineers must approach the inspection points as close as possible by mobile elevating of the work platform for close visual inspection of lining concrete. The inspection of a road tunnel particularly requires traffic regulation. Furthermore, it takes much time to perform visual inspection and hammering test for the vast area. Moreover, the inspection results have variations by inspectors. We propose an “Inspection Vehicle” for inspection of tunnel lining concrete by a new technology for infrastructure maintenance. This study reports the finding on element technology of an inspection vehicle and applies a tunnel inspection test.
14
Liu, Xiling, Yuan Zeng, Ling Fan, Shuquan Peng, and Qinglin Liu. "Investigation on Rupture Initiation and Propagation of Traffic Tunnel under Seismic Excitation Based on Acoustic Emission Technology." Sensors 22, no. 12 (June 16, 2022): 4553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22124553.
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Traffic tunnels are important engineering structures in transportation, and their stability is critical to traffic safety. In particular, when these tunnels are in an earthquake-prone area, the rupture process under seismic excitation needs to be studied in depth for safer tunnel design. In this paper, based on a construction project on the Nairobi-Malaba railway in East Africa, a laboratory shaking table test with 24 working cases of seismic excitation on a mountain tunnel is designed, and the acoustic emission (AE) technique is employed to investigate the tunnel rupture process. The results show that the high frequency components between 20 and 30 kHz of AE signals are the tunnel rupturing signals under the seismic excitation under such conditions. The tunnel vault and the arch foot are prone to rupture during the seismic excitation, and the initial rupture in the arch foot and vault of the tunnel occur under the horizontal and vertical Kobe wave seismic excitation, respectively, with a maximum acceleration of 0.4 g. After the rupture initiation, the tunnel arch foot continues to rupture in the subsequent working cases regardless of whether the excitation direction is horizontal or vertical, while the tunnel vault does not rupture continuously with the implementation of the subsequent excitations. Moreover, the Kobe seismic wave has a higher degree of damage potential to underground structures than the El seismic wave.
15
Zhu, Fu-guang, Dong-sheng Xu, Rui-shan Tan, Bin Peng, He Huang, and Zhuo-wen Liu. "Health Monitoring System with Hybrid Laser Sensor Networks and Cloud Computing for Subway Tunnels." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (July 20, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7238637.
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The settlement and deformation monitoring for existing tunnels would encounter the difficulties in sensor installation and health evaluation in real time. Thus, it is necessary to develop effective methods for settlement and deformation measurements in the existing tunnels. This study proposed a more practical tunnel deformation monitoring theory and developed remote wireless tunnel deformation real-time monitoring and early warning system based on infrared laser ranging technology and cable sensing technology. The system could monitor the settlement and deformation of the tunnel in real time from a long distance and transmit the deformation data wirelessly in real time; then, three-dimensional space model of tunnel deformation was established, which intuitively and comprehensively reflected the actual deformation of the tunnel and intelligently identified the deformation. Finally, based on the practice of deformation control during tunnel excavation at Xiaohongshu Station of Wuhan Metro Line 8 of China, the measurement results of this new method were compared with the measurement results of particle image velocimetry technology (PIV), the reliability of the new tunnel deformation monitoring method was proved, the settlement error of each monitoring point was found to be less than 1 mm, and the deformation trend was consistent with the actual deformation. The results of this research could provide useful guidance for tunnel deformation monitoring.
16
Liu, Tong, Yujian Zhong, Zhihua Feng, Wei Xu, Feiting Song, and Chenghan Li. "New Construction Technology of a Shallow Tunnel in Boulder-Cobble Mixed Grounds." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (March 21, 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5686042.
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As a typical granular bulk medium, problems are common in boulder-cobble mixed grounds, such as easy collapse and instability and difficult effective support for large-section tunnel excavation. Tunnels constructed in BCM grounds are rare still, and there is a big gap between the design and construction of tunnels. Based on the Nianggaicun highway tunnel crossing the BCM grounds, the construction technology of tunnel in BCM grounds is studied by means of literature investigation and field survey. Here are the main conclusions: the overall deformation of surrounding rock is quite small; the pressure distribution of surrounding rock is small and loose pressure is dominant, and the safety reserve of secondary lining is large. The deformation process of surrounding rock concentrates on the construction stage. During the construction process, there are many problems, such as serious overexcavation, difficulty of bolt penetration, and continuous rock fall. In this paper, a three-bench complementary cyclic excavation method is proposed, which replaces the original CD and CRD methods. Meanwhile, the supporting system is optimized. The results show that the disturbance of surrounding rock is reduced, while the safety of construction process and the reliability of structure are increased. The new excavation method and optimized supporting system are expected to fill the gap between design and construction of tunnel in BCM grounds and provide reference for construction of such tunnels in the future.
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Shi, Youzhi, and Xiufang Li. "Numerical Analysis on Influence of Subway Double-Hole Parallel Tunnel Deployment on Surrounding Soil Distortion." Open Civil Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501509010044.
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construction of near double-hole parallel tunnels frequently occurs in city subway evacuation. Studying the dynamical behaviors of the parallel tunnel construction, performing systematic numerical analysis and grasping mutual influences of different factors on the tunnel evacuation and different effects of surface sedimentation has important theoretical meaning and application value for the building technology of the parallel double-hole tunnel. This paper establishes a three-dimensional numeral model, analyzes influences of three main influence factors (tunnel distribution form, tunnel burying depth and tunnel gap) on the surrounding soil and surface sedimentation in double-hole tunnel synchronous evacuation. The conclusions indicate that the vertical distribution has the biggest influences on tunneling in horizontal distribution, vertical distribution and tilted distribution of two tunnels, followed by tilted distribution. The horizontal distribution has the minimal influence. With growth of the tunnel gap, the mutual influence between two tunnels will become smaller. With growth of the tunnel burying depth, the influences on tunneling will become bigger.
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Gaido, A. N., V. V. Verstov, and S. A. Evtuikov. "Effective technology for the construction of underpass pedestrian tunnels under existing highways." Вестник гражданских инженеров 19, no. 1 (2022): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2022-19-1-55-65.
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The article discusses modern technologies for the construction of shallow underpass pedestrian tunnels (UPTs) built under existing transport highways. A technology for building such tunnels is proposed, in which, at the first stage, a tongue-and-groove fence is indented across the carriageway along the grapples, which will serve as the enclosing structure of the tunnel. Then, support beams and a monolithic cladding are arranged along its ends, along which, after gaining strength, traffic can be allowed to resume its motion. The effective modes of steel sheet piling immersion and its fastening systems are substantiated, which allows ensuring the stability of tunnel structures and reducing technological impacts on the roadway surface. The works on the soil development, the installation of the tunnel foundation, waterproofing and drainage system, as well as finishing works will be carried out under the tunnel floor without traffic having to be stopped. Based on the performed technical and economic calculations, it was found out that the proposed technology, compared with the traditional one implemented in an open pit, allows reducing the duration of traffic stops by 2 times, and, when using prefabricated tunnel elements, it will be by 1.18 times. The total duration of work is reduced by 1.38 times. The article presents the technological schemes of work production, lists of machines and equipment necessary for the practical implementation of the method.
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Jiang, Feng, Yong Fang, Chao Yue Zhou, and Xue Jin Zhang. "Intelligent Control of Ventilation System for Tunnel Group of Highway Section." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 1792–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.1792.
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With the development of tunnel technology, the number of tunnels becomes huge in some area, and adjoining tunnels turn into tunnel group in some highway sections. So, to ensure the traffic safety, the linkage ventilation control system for the tunnels of the whole highway section is necessary and essential. In this research, obtaining the live traffic information of each tunnel is the key point. This article attempts to build up an intelligent ventilation system which makes traffic flow data of every tunnel available and predictable. The system achieves information sharing and build up weight-based traffic forecasting model. In addition, the composition of fuzzy-logic ventilation control model is introduced. The research might expand the application of intelligent tunnel ventilation control system and could provide references to other linkage ventilation control system of tunnel groups.
20
Lai, Jinxing, Junling Qiu, Haobo Fan, Jianxun Chen, Zhinan Hu, Qian Zhang, and Junbao Wang. "Structural Safety Assessment of Existing Multiarch Tunnel: A Case Study." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1697041.
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Structural health assessment is one of the key activities in maintaining the performance of a tunnel during its service life. Due to the development of modern detection technology, comprehensive structural health assessment system is being established for operating tunnels. To evaluate the actual operational state of Shitigou tunnel, overall detection of the liner crack, tunnel seepage, and liner void was conducted by employing the modern detection technology, such as crack width monitoring technology, concrete strength monitoring technology, and electromagnetic wave nondestructive monitoring technology. Through the statistical analysis of the detection results, the distribution characteristic, development law, and damage grade of structural defects were obtained. Tunnel liner cracks are mainly located on the middle wall; serious water leakage is encountered on the side wall, middle wall, and vault; the strength of foundation and liner structure of left tunnel does not meet the design requirement; the liner voids are mostly located at the tunnel entrance section, especially, on the tunnel vault; and the proportion of influence factors of structural defects should be considered. The research results presented for this study can serve as references for effective design and health assessment of existing multiarch tunnel projects.
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Yanli, Qi, Wen Shaoquan, Bai Mingzhou, Shi Hai, Li Pengxiang, Zhou Hao, and He Bohu. "Evaluation and Deformation Control Study on the Bias Pressure of Layered Rock Tunnels." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (August 5, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9937678.
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In the process of tunnel construction, the bias of layered rock mass tunnels has always been a prominent problem that troubles the construction and safe operation of tunnels. In this paper, a comprehensive method that combines monitoring technology and discrete element (3DEC) numerical simulation is proposed to analyze the deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock in the layered rock tunnel and the deformation law of the bias tunnel. The results indicate that the tunnel surrounding rock deformation in the study area showed the characteristics of bias. Based on the bias mechanism, the surrounding rock deformation law, the construction deformation control, and the optimization measures of layered rock mass in the bias tunnel were studied by means of combining monitoring technology with discrete element (3DEC) numerical simulation. Based on the research results, appropriate methods for controlling the deformation of the surrounding rock of the tunnel with comprehensive consideration of the anchor rod length, anchor rod angle, and anchor rod layout spacing were proposed. The method proposed in this paper could visually reveal the deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock of layered rock tunnels and the deformation law of bias tunnels. It could also better solve the problem of deformation control in the tunnel construction process. This approach provides a novel idea for special layered rock mass tunnel bias evaluation and deformation control parameter optimization and serves as a valuable reference for analogous engineering cases through engineering case analysis.
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Wu, Yimin, Zhuangzhuang Zhou, Shuai Shao, Zhizhong Zhao, Kaixun Hu, and Sijie Wang. "Monitoring and Analysis of Deformation Refinement Characteristics of a Loess Tunnel Based on 3D Laser Scanning Technology." Applied Sciences 12, no. 10 (May 19, 2022): 5136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12105136.
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Loess tunnels often undergo large-scale deformation with complex spatial and temporal distribution. Mastering the characteristics of spatial and temporal deformation is conducive to precise policy implementation and the control of large deformation of the tunnel. In this study, relying on the Yulinzi Tunnel in Gansu Province, China, based on 3D laser scanning technology, the tunnel was monitored for a short period of 24 h and a long period of 36 days. The refined characteristics of the temporal and spatial deformation of the representative points of the interrupted surface, the tunnel face, and the excavation mileage during the excavation process of the three-bench and seven-step method of the tunnel were analyzed. The results show that the tunnel’s arch has large deformation, and there is twisting deformation. The distribution of the overall deformation of the tunnel is related to the excavation sequence, showing a stepped deformation law. With the construction of the following excavation process, the deformation rate of the tunnel always indicates the characteristics of significant in the early stage and small in the later stage, and the overall deformation changes with time in accordance with the distribution law of the exponential function. The research results provide a reference for predicting the deformation development trend of loess tunnels and providing reasonable deformation control methods.
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Qian, Wangping, Honghui Li, Jun Yu, and Zhenyuan Gu. "Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Vehicle-Mounted Transient Electromagnetic Method Detection for Internal Defects of Operational Tunnels." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (July 27, 2021): 6906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11156906.
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With the durable operation of high-speed railway tunnels in China, many tunnel defects successively appeared in the tunnel lining structure and gradually threatened the safe operation of the tunnels. In the limited maintenance time of high-speed railways, it is urgent to find out and maintain tunnel defects, especially internal defects. We propose an applied detection technology called the vehicle-mounted transient electromagnetic method (TEM). The detection technology aims to rapidly detect and locate the internal defects of the lining structure throughout the entire tunnel. Firstly, we investigate tunnel defects in detail and introduce the rapid detection method. Secondly, we analyze the principle and process of vehicle-mounted TEM. Thirdly, the rationality and applicability of vehicle-mounted TEM are verified by three different methods, including theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and laboratory experiment. Finally, we compare the inversion results of experimental data under the two conditions. The results illustrate that tunnel surface defects are the external manifestations and characteristics of tunnel defects, while the forms of surface defects are directly related to internal defects. This detection method is suitable for the significant resistivity difference between tunnel defects and surrounding rocks, and its rationality is effectively validated. Furthermore, the apparent resistivity results reveal that there is a low resistivity region in front of the transmitter coil, and that the relative position can be preliminarily judged. The research results can provide a potential and significant application technology for the rapid detection of tunnel defects.
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Fu, Hongxian, Xiaoming Guan, Chun Chen, Jianchun Wu, Qiqiang Nie, Ning Yang, Yanchun Liu, and Junwei Liu. "Formation Mechanism and Control Technology of an Excavation Damage Zone in Tunnel-Surrounding Rock." Applied Sciences 13, no. 2 (January 11, 2023): 1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13021006.
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Loosened rock circle is formed around the tunnel when the tunnel is constructed by the drilling and blasting method. The size of the loosened rock circle around the tunnel and the degree of internal rock fragmentation has an important influence on the support parameters, durability, and safety of the tunnel. Firstly, referencing an existing tunnel project, blasting tests using nonelectronic and electronic detonators were carried out to determine the influence of blasting construction on the scope of the rock loose circle and the degree of rock fragmentation. Then, a numerical simulation was used to study the contribution of the blasting impact and surrounding rock stress redistribution on the loosened rock circle around the tunnel. The results showed that the range of the loosened rock circle around the tunnel generated by the normal blasting of nonelectronic detonators was 1.5~2.3 m, and the wave velocity of the rock mass in the loosened rock circle around the tunnel decreased to 23~36%. The size of the loosened rock circle around the tunnel generated by the blasting impact was 0.66 m, accounting for 33% of the range of the loosened rock circle around the tunnel. The range of the loosened rock circle around the tunnel produced by electronic detonator blasting was 0~1.4 m. The wave velocity of the rock mass in the loosened rock circle around the tunnel decreased to 12~17%. The range of the loosened rock circle around the tunnel was approximately 60~76% of that of detonator blasting, and the broken degree of the surrounding rock in the loosened rock circle around the tunnel was small. The research results can provide a reference for the optimization design of preliminary support parameters of tunnels, such as anchors and steel arches in blasting construction.
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Weng, Xiaolin, Haohao Ma, and Jun Wang. "Stress Monitoring for Anchor Rods System in Subway Tunnel Using FBG Technology." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/480184.
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This paper presents a model test, used on the tunnels on Xi’an Metro Line 2, as the prototype for evaluating the reinforcing effect of the anchor rod in tunnel construction in loess areas. An independently designed fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor was used to monitor the seven strain conditions of the rock bolts during the construction. The result shows that the axial stress of the rock bolt changes after the excavation and increases steadily with the growing pressure in the wall rock. Results additionally show that the anchor rods at the tunnel vault are subjected to a compressive stress that remains relatively constant after the primary and the secondary lining, while those at the spandrel and the corner of the tunnel are subjected to increased tensile stress. This paper demonstrates the feasibility and the superiority of FBG technology for tunnel model tests.
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Jin, Liguo, Xujin Liu, Hongyang Sun, and Zhenghua Zhou. "An Analytical Solution for 2D Dynamic Structure-Soil-Structure Interaction for Twin Flexible Tunnels Embedded in a Homogeneous Half-Space." Applied Sciences 11, no. 21 (November 3, 2021): 10343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112110343.
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The interaction between subway tunnels is investigated by using a 2D analytic model of a twin tunnels system embedded in a homogenous half-space. The closed-form analytical solution for tunnel displacement response is derived through the wave function expansion method and the mirror method, and the correctness of the solution is verified through residuals convergence and comparison with the published results. The analysis focuses on the effects of tunnel relative stiffness on tunnel–soil–tunnel interaction. Tunnel relative stiffness has a great influence on tunnel displacement response. For small tunnel relative stiffness, tunnel displacement amplitude can be enlarged by 3.3 times that of single rigid tunnel model. The response of the tunnel–soil–tunnel interaction system depends not only on the distances between tunnels but also on the frequency of the incident wave and the incident angle. The strength of the interaction between the tunnels is highly related to the tunnel spacing distance. The smaller the distance between tunnels, the stronger the interaction between them. When the distance between tunnels reaches s/a = 20, the interaction between tunnels can be ignored. It is worth pointing out that the seismic design of underground tunnels should consider the interaction between tunnels when the tunnel distance is small.
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Čeheľová, Dagmara, Michal Franek, and Boris Bielek. "Atmospheric Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel of Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava." Applied Mechanics and Materials 887 (January 2019): 419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.887.419.
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Aerodynamics is a relatively young scientific discipline, which started developing in the 50´s of last century. There are known several methods for calculating and measuring of the aerodynamic variables – in-situ measurements, wind tunnel measurements, CFD simulations and calculations according to national standards. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages. Nowadays a large focus is on experimental verifying the findings achieved with calculations help and CFD simulations. One of the verification possibilities are measurements in wind tunnels. The submitted paper deals with construction and using of the wind tunnel by the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava. This device was put into operation after experimental verification in 2012, so this wind tunnel is one of the newest of its kind in Europe. The concept of the construction of individual structural elements and the wind tunnel parts has been designed in collaboration with the Aeronautical Research and Test Institute (Czech Republic) and was based on previous made analysis of aerodynamic tunnels. Its structure was designed and realized by Konštrukta Industry (Slovak Republic). We could it characterized as atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel with open test section. It is unique with two test sections – front and back measuring space, where the front measuring space is used for uniform flow and the back measuring space is used for turbulent flow. That is why it is not only usable in the civil engineering sector (buildings, bridges, chimneys etc.), but also in city urbanism (pedestrian wind comfort and wind safety, dispersion of air pollutants), aircraft and automotive industries.
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Liu, XiangfaLiu. "Application of GIS Technology and Sensor Technology in Tunnel Deformation Mapping." International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE) 13, no. 05 (May 14, 2017): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v13i05.7059.
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<p class="0abstract">The purpose of this study is to enhance the role of sensor technology in tunnel deformation mapping. The method is to combine RTK (real-time dynamic difference) algorithm with GIS (Geographic Information Systems) technology. After coordinating transformation of the deformed data that was collected from the test tunnel, the HGMonitor was then employed to solve the problems. The results show that the horizontal accuracy of tunnel deformation monitoring is about 5mm, and the elevation accuracy is about 15mm, which can meet the actual requirements. We also verified that the test data meets the requirements for tunnel deformation mapping accuracy, which can help to improve the safety and reliability of the tunnel structure.</p>
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Dai, Wentao, Jixun Jiang, Guofeng Ding, and Zhigang Liu. "Development and Application of Fire Video Image Detection Technology in China’s Road Tunnels." Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 1 (January 27, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091221.
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A large number of highway tunnels, urban road tunnels and underwater tunnels have been constructed throughout China over the last two decades. With the rapid increase in vehicle traffic, the number of fire incidents in road tunnels have also substantially increased. This paper aims to review the development and application of fire video image detection (VID) technology and their impact on fire safety in China’s road tunnels. The challenges of fire safety in China’s road tunnels are analyzed. The capabilities and limitations of fire detection technologies currently used in China’s road tunnels are discussed. The research and development of fire VID technology in road tunnels, including various detection algorithms, evolution of VID systems and evaluation of their performances in various tunnel tests are reviewed. Some cases involving VID applications in China’s road tunnels are reported. The studies show that the fire VID systems have unique features in providing fire protection and their detection capability and reliability have been enhanced over the decades with the advance in detection algorithms, hardware and integration with other tunnel systems. They have become an important safety system in China’s road tunnels.
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Shahrour, Isam, Hanbing Bian, Xiongyao Xie, and Zixin Zhang. "Use of Smart Technology to Improve Management of Utility Tunnels." Applied Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 20, 2020): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10020711.
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This paper presents a smart solution for the utility tunnel, which allows hosting a wide range of water and energy utilities in an accessible underground space. It is well known that utility tunnels offer major advantages such as the possibility to inspect, maintain, and easily extend urban utilities without excavation, thereby eliminating disturbances related to urban excavation such as traffic jams, noise, pollution, and pavement degradation. However, despite these advantages, the effective development of this facility remains below expectations, because of serious challenges related to the security and governance of this “shared space”. The solution presented in this paper is based on discussions with experts and companies involved in the design, construction, and management of utility tunnels, as well as on the authors’ experiences in the design and implementation of smart solutions for urban utilities. The paper firstly presents the major challenges of utility tunnels and then discusses how theb smart technology could help in coping with these challenges. The paper presents the architecture of this solution, as well as the main layers of monitoring, information system data analysis, and system control. It also presents the methodology to be followed for the implementation of this smart solution. Finally, the paper discusses two major issues for utility tunnels: fire risk and risk assessment. The paper shows that the use of smart technology allows developing a comprehensive digital solution, which uses advanced monitoring system to collect real-time data about the tunnel environment and functioning. These data can be easily shared by authorized staffs. Analysis of these data allows improving the utility tunnel security and performances.
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Danišovič, Peter, Juraj Šrámek, and Michal Hodoň. "Simulation of emergency events with fire in virtual road tunnels." MATEC Web of Conferences 251 (2018): 02033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825102033.
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Road emergency events are very dangerous, especially if they happen in tunnels. If such an event occurs with the presence of fire, self-evacuation is the most important. From experience from catastrophic events in Alpine tunnels, people can only have a few minutes to rescue. It was also reason that a lot of changes in technology and safety tunnel equipment have been legislatively adopted. Then if we want to help rescue people, we need experienced tunnel operators, who know the principles of tunnel ventilation control with fire and smoke. This paper is about simulation of emergency events in virtual tunnel of Tunnel Traffic & Operation Simulator (Simulator) and about simulations of smoke stratification on the basis of Computer Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models.
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Shi, Youzhi, and Xiufang Li. "Numerical Analysis on Mutual Influences in Urban Subway Double-Hole Parallel Tunneling." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 8, no. 1 (December 31, 2014): 455–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801408010455.
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mutual influence of the double-hole tunnel evacuation of urban subways is one of key issues involving the subway construction safety. The asynchronous one-direction evacuation, synchronous one-direction evacuation and opposite evacuation methods are frequently used in double-hole tunnel evacuation. This paper establishes three-dimensional numerical model by using the finite element analysis software MIDAS/GTS v2.01 and mainly studies the mutual influences of tunnels in the asynchronous one-direction evacuation and synchronous one-direction evacuation. The following conclusions are concluded based on computing. The preliminary conclusion is that the influential distance between the evacuation section of two tunnels is 3D (D is the tunnel diameter) in the parallel tunnel asynchronous evacuation, namely when the lagging distance is more than 3D, the lagging evacuation tunnel will not affect the advance evacuation tunnel section. The asynchronous evacuation of the vertical distribution tunnel is divided into the up tunnel first evacuation and down tunnel first evacuation. For up tunnel first evacuation, the influence range of the lagging distance is 5D. For down tunnel first evacuation, the influence range of the lagging distance is 1D. For up tunnel first evacuation on the slope, the influence range of the lagging distance is 5D. On the whole, the influence of two tunnels in up tunnel first evacuation is bigger than it in down tunnel first evacuation. The numerical analysis results will have important theoretical meaning and application value for building technology of the parallel double-hole tunnel.
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Chen, Yifan, Hang Lin, and Baohua Liu. "Review of Research Progresses and Application of Geothermal Disaster Prevention on Large-Buried Tunnels." Applied Sciences 12, no. 21 (October 28, 2022): 10950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122110950.
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Geothermal disaster caused by high geotemperature is a commonly encountered geological problem in tunnel engineering, especially in large-buried tunnels, which is directly related to the safety, technology, and economy of tunnel construction. It seriously affects the personnel security and the performances of construction equipment and building materials, greatly increasing the construction difficulty, and extending the total construction period, which has become a major issue to be urgently solved in the tunnel construction. This paper first briefly introduces the formation mechanism of the high-geotemperature environment of a large-buried tunnel and analyzes the significant influences of high-temperature on personnel, equipment, and materials in the construction process of tunnel engineering. Then, the worldwide research progress of rock mechanics in high-temperature large-buried tunnels is systematically described, including the thermo-mechanical properties of rock mass, the thermo-mechanical properties of shotcrete, and the rheological mechanism and control technology of surrounding rock. Subsequently, the previous geothermal disaster classification of large-buried tunnels is summarized and evaluated. Finally, the research findings of the key technologies of geothermal disaster prevention and control are presented in detail from three aspects of temperature reduction, thermal insulation, and personal protection, which are of great theoretical and practical significance for ensuring the safety design and construction of tunnels in similar geological environment.
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Omar, Priyanka, MVN Siva Kumar, and Subbarao Yarramsetty. "Management of Various Safety Parameters in Tunnel Construction: A Critical Review." E3S Web of Conferences 170 (2020): 06003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017006003.
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Population is growing rapidly and so are vehicles on roads. This leads to enormous need of tunnels and subways for easy locomotion and mobilization. From conventional tunnels, for sewage and water facilities to modern electrified tunnels, for mass transit and underwater highways, method of construction of a tunnel to its safety inspection and maintenance has taken a wide leap. Tunnel construction requires wide range of resources like human, technology, machinery, materials, energy, and finance. To handle all these resources simultaneously becomes complex and requires good management. Even with good management, accidents and hazards might occur. A critical review of various safety parameters while constructing a tunnel and its management is presented in this paper. This review paper discusses the history of safety of tunnels till present safety measures and techniques adopted around the world for different tunnels; various critical factors which affect the safety in tunnels; the extent of damage occurring due to these factors; numerous preventive measures which are adopted around the world to prevent loss of property and lives in tunnels; and advanced technology and software, which are being used in modern era to enhance safety in tunnel construction. The study from manual horse drawn-tramway to autonomous robotic system has been done. This paper also considers various tunnels around the world and gives a summary of factors for safety focused on for making these tunnels, with its adopted remedy.
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Wang, Meiqian, Wei Xu, Hongyuan Mu, Jian Mi, Yonghong Wu, and Yangxing Wang. "Study on Construction and Reinforcement Technology of Dolomite Sanding Tunnel." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (July 27, 2022): 9217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159217.
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The No. 2 conduit of the Xiaopu Tunnel in the Yuxi section of central Yunnan’s water diversion project is taken as the research object, starting from the geological conditions along with the characteristics, formation mechanism and evolutionary model of dolomite sanding. This paper discusses the engineering problems of the project’s tunnels with dolomite sanding in the water-rich section, and its corresponding engineering reinforcement plan. It was found that in the tunnel section with normal level of dolomite sanding, there was no water seepage, where measures such as advanced small conduit, mechanical excavation, short grubbing and strong support could all be adopted for safe passage. Even in the water seepage section of the weak dolomite sanding tunnel, the surrounding rock was found in close interlock with strong self-stability. The excavation and support were implemented according to the category of normal surrounding rock. In the water-rich sections with strong and intense dolomite sanding, gushing of water and sand were quite frequent, with developed fissures, broken rock masses and rich waters. During the engineering operation, phosphoric acid and sodium silicate slurry in addition to urea formaldehyde resin and oxalic acid slurry plus Malisan and liquid catalyst slurry were first prepared for water plugging. Then, pure water slurry was used for surrounding rock reinforcement, which exerted an excellent effect. This method can provide reference for reinforcing tunnels of sandy dolomite in other areas of projects.
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Zhou, Yue, Chuang Wang, Bingxiang Yuan, Minjie Chen, and Jianbing Lv. "Research on Visual Management Technology of Tunnel Construction Process Based on BIM Technology." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (December 17, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9738820.
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In order to achieve more efficient management of BIM technology in the field of tunnel construction, this paper took Zhuhai Dahengqinshan No. 1 Tunnel as the project background and studied the visualization management technology of tunnel construction process based on BIM technology. Firstly, we created the 3D geological model and tunnel BIM model by using Revit, 3dsmax, and other software. Secondly, the detailed design was carried out, and there was no gap in the model after the detailed design was checked by ABAQUS software. Then, we checked the problems between disciplines and conducted collision inspection in the model. Finally, we carried out the 4D construction progress simulation to solve the conflict between time and space in the whole life cycle of tunnel construction. The results revealed that the deepening design could optimize the design scheme of tunnel construction engineering. Collision inspection directly exposed problems such as unscientific site layout. 4D construction schedule management could not only realize the visualization of field construction process but also improve the quality of project management compared with traditional means. The research results provide technical experience for the visualization management of tunnel construction.
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Huang, Changfu, Kun Zhou, Bi Deng, Dong Li, Qilong Song, and Dong Su. "Influence of Construction of the Following Tunnel on the Preceding Tunnel in the Reinforced Soil Layer." Applied Sciences 12, no. 20 (October 13, 2022): 10335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122010335.
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In coastal cities, some paralleled twin tunnels must be constructed in soft soil layers, and stratum reinforcement is necessary to enhance the stability of the tunnel. However, the influence of construction of the following tunnel on the preceding tunnel in reinforced strata is not clear. This study focuses on four kinds of reinforcement strategies: ring reinforcement of the right tunnel (RR), ring reinforcement of the left tunnel (LR), ring reinforcement of twin tunnels (TR), and cement wall reinforcement between left and right tunnels (CR). The interaction mechanism of the twin tunnels during construction, in terms of surface settlement, tunnel deformation, convergence deformation of the tunnel lining, and internal force of the tunnel lining, is revealed by a series of three-dimensional numerical analyses. It was found that the LR offers an appropriate strategy in terms of both engineering safety and cost savings, and it can significantly reduce the disturbance of the following tunnel excavation on the preceding tunnel.
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Ou, Xun, Yuanming Liu, Chao Li, Xiaohan Zhou, Qingzhi Chen, Yuhang Zhou, and Quan Zhang. "Analysis of the Interaction Effects of Shield Structure Oblique Passing under an Existing Tunnel." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (May 30, 2022): 5569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115569.
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The interaction mechanism between a two-lane shield tunnel and an existing tunnel during oblique underpass is a matter of widespread concern in the engineering community, and knowledge in this area remains crude. In the construction of subway tunnels in mountainous cities with huge topographical fluctuations, internal forces and deformations are inevitable in existing tunnels. To verify the applicability of existing shield construction technology and empirical parameters to the Guiyang area, a systematic and refined numerical analysis was conducted on the shield passing under the existing tunnel section of the Tao-Hua interval of Guiyang Metro Line 3. In this paper, the accuracy of the numerical simulation is verified by comparing the calculated results with the data measured in the field; the settlement pattern that appeared above the existing tunnel during the construction of the shield with slurry hardening is analyzed; the internal forces, lateral deformation, and torsional deformation of the existing tunnel caused during the excavation of the new tunnel are obtained based on the numerical simulation results; finally, the effect of the old and new tunnels on the torsional deformation and settlement of the existing tunnel under different spatial intersection angles is studied. The results show that the internal forces, lateral deformation, and surface settlement of the existing tunnel due to the diagonal underpass show obvious asymmetric characteristics. Additionally, the existing tunnel experiences local irrecoverable torsional deformation, with the maximum torsional deformation occurring at the intersection of the old and new tunnels, and the spatial intersection angle of the old and new tunnels has a great influence on the maximum settlement of the tunnel vault and arch bottom, which shows a negative correlation.
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Wang, Jingfeng, Guang Liu, Zhaodong Ding, Hanbing Bian, and Huayan Yao. "Progresses on the intelligent construction and operation maintenance of urban under-lake tunnels." MATEC Web of Conferences 295 (2019): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929501006.
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China is currently at an important stage of urbanization. In recent years, the number and scale of under-lake tunnels in southern cities of China are growing consistently, which brings opportunities and challenges in intelligent construction and operation maintenance. Due to the long length of the under-lake tunnel, the large volume of concrete to be cast, the complex environment of the buried section and the underground environment of the lake bottom, the hydration heat and stress crack have been the main challenges of the under-lake tunnel engineering in crack control and waterproofing aspect. Simultaneously, with the development of big data, intelligent construction, information technology, and other techniques, these techniques are gradually applied to the whole life cycle of tunnel engineering including survey, design, construction, operation, and maintenance. The construction of the lake tunnel project is setting off a new round of technological innovation. This paper systematically summarizes the technical breakthroughs and application of technologies such as intelligent construction and information technology in the construction of under-lake tunnels in China, and puts forward reasonable suggestions on the key technologies of intelligent construction and operation maintenance for urban under-lake tunnel engineering.
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Novaković, Gregor, Aleš Lazar, Simon Kovačič, and Milivoj Vulić. "The Usability of Terrestrial 3D Laser Scanning Technology for Tunnel Clearance Analysis Application." Applied Mechanics and Materials 683 (October 2014): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.683.219.
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After building underground constructions, spatial parameters monitoring is essential due to safety and statuary reasons. Therefore after completion of work in tunnels often supervision projects follow which include cross sections measurements, as well as ground and secondary wall layer deformations monitoring during consolidation era. Conventional approaches to achieve this type of documentations are different, however their downside is often that they are time consuming and even with combination of independent contractors, collected data is often deficient and corrupted with rough interpolations. Terrestrial 3D laser scanning (TLS) represents alternative approach to conventional monitoring methods [1]. With engineer planning approach, field work and data interpretation, TLS technology allows systematical and fast acquisition of shape and spatial orientation of complex objects and all their components. In case of shorter railway tunnels (up to 360 m) data for clearance analysis in correlation of standard cargo and tunnel surface, was captured with terrestrial 3D laser scanning method. Control of tunnel clearance is usually performed analogously and on conventional low equidistant cross section survey method. Considering that in this article we deal with relative old tunnels, in which there is no constant transversal profile but huge amount of geometric anomalies, simulation verification could be performed only with hi-grid definition survey method. With TLS larger amount of tunnels were measured and clearance analysis simulations for real case of standard cargo profile was made, based on radius and railway inclination of the tunnel. Standard or non-standard cargo transport planning with computer simulation now can be done in relatively short time. In this article is presented integration of TLS in case study of short railway tunnels with focus on clearance analysis applications with interactive and user friendly visualization for data interpretation. Other methods for different spatial parameters interpretations in underground constructions are presented as well.
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Lai, Jin Xing, Jia Sun, and Chi Liu. "Quality Monitoring for Waterproof and Drainage of Loess Road Tunnel." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 1217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.1217.
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Based on practice road tunnel engineering in Gansu province and near areas in west china, the main construction technology and emphasis of quality monitoring of waterproof and drainage of loess road tunnel are analyzed. Requirements of waterproof and drainage construction and methods of quality monitoring are obtained. Principle of design for waterproof and drainage in highway tunnels construction is provided. The analysis results provide technical guidance for the waterproof construction optimization of loess tunnels.
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Liu, jian-Jun, Xue-Ying Liu, Zhong-Jing Fan, and Bao-Feng Yang. "Research on Safety Measures of Shallow-buried and Undercut Tunnel." E3S Web of Conferences 237 (2021): 03016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123703016.
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The application of mine method shallow burying and undercutting method in subway and tunnel engineering is becoming more and more significant, but shallow burying and undercutting method also has its own limitations: the shallow burying and undercutting method can easily cause the subsidence of nearby surface, there is a security threat to surrounding buildings, the instability of the tunnel inside, easy to cause the collapse of construction tunnels, endangering construction safety, so ensuring construction safety becomes the key to the project. By combining the examples of the Heyi River Tunnel in Quzhou, the project focuses on the safety measures of tunnel surrounding rock, and simulates tunnel excavation with BIM technology.
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Wang, Chengjian, Wenli Ji, Guoxin Zheng, and Asad Saleem. "Analysis of Propagation Characteristics for Various Subway Tunnel Scenarios at 28 GHz." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2021 (September 27, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7666624.
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In order to meet the higher data transmission rate requirements of subway communication services, the millimeter wave (mmWave) broadband communication is considered as a potential solution in 5G technology. Based on the channel measurement data in subway tunnels, this paper uses ray-tracing (RT) simulation to predict the propagation characteristics of the 28 GHz millimeter wave frequency band in different tunnel scenarios. A large number of simulations based on ray-tracing software have been carried out for tunnel models with different bending radiuses and different slopes, and we further compared the simulation results with the real time measurement data of various subway tunnels. The large-scale and small-scale propagation characteristics of the channel, such as path loss (PL), root mean square delay spread (RMS-DS), and angle spread (AS), for different tunnel scenarios are analyzed, and it was found that the tunnel with a greater slope causes larger path loss and root mean square delay spread. Furthermore, in the curved tunnel, the angle spread of the azimuth angle is larger than that in a straight tunnel. The proposed results can provide a reference for the design of future 5G communication systems in subway tunnels.
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Song, Jin Bo. "Stady on the 3G Wireless Network Tunnel Safety Monitoring System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 2846–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.2846.
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This paper mainly discusses one kind based on the 3G network technology cluster type tunnel safety monitoring system. Tunnel safety monitoring center of the system can be displayed at the same time, analysis of bridge and tunnel safety monitoring status, is convenient for decision makers to different budgets, optimize the overall regional tunnel cluster maintenance; through the cluster type tunnel safety monitoring, can be realized on the spread over a larger area of bridge and tunnel security state data of horizontal comparison, unified management, completely changed the previous single tunnel safety monitoring system to realize the information sharing between the" information island" situation, more convenient to the regional environment, similar or different environment, different structure tunnel similar structure tunnel safety status of the longitudinal, transverse analysis comparison and research, which is beneficial to promote the optimization of tunnel structure design and implementation of a number of tunnels, the maintenance and reinforcement.
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Danišovič, Peter, František Schlosser, Juraj Šrámek, and Martin Rázga. "Simulator of Road Tunnel." Civil and Environmental Engineering 11, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cee-2015-0006.
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Abstract A Tunnel Traffic & Operation Simulator is a device of the Centre of Transport Research at the University of Žilina. The Simulator allows managing technological equipment of virtual two-tube highway tunnel, which is interconnected with simulation of vehicle traffic in tunnel. Changes of the traffic-operation states and other equipment are reflecting at the simulated traffic, as well as simulations of various emergency events in traffic initiate changes in tunnel detecting and measuring devices. It is thus possible to simulate emergency states, which can be affected by various faults of technology as well as by climatic conditions. The solutions can be found in irreplaceable experiences of Slovak road tunnel operators, changes of trafficoperation states, visualizations of operator technological display screens, technological devices labelling in order to increase operational safety of road tunnels.
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Daneshmand, Saeed, Cyrus Aghanajafi, and Hossein Shahverdi. "Investigation of rapid manufacturing technology with ABS material for wind tunnel models fabrication." Journal of Polymer Engineering 32, no. 8-9 (December 1, 2012): 575–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2012-0089.
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Abstract Nowadays, several procedures are used for manufacturing wind tunnel models. These methods include machining, casting, molding and rapid prototyping. Raw materials such as metals, ceramics, composites and plastics are used in making these models. Dimension accuracy, surface roughness and material strength are significant parameters which are effective in wind tunnel manufacturing and testing. Wind tunnel testing may need several models. Traditional methods for constructing these models are both costly and time consuming. In this research, a study has been undertaken to determine the suitability of models constructed using rapid manufacturing (RM) methods for use in wind tunnel testing. The aim of this research is to improve the surface roughness, dimensional accuracy and material strength of rapid manufacturing models for testing in wind tunnels. Consequently, the aerodynamic characteristics of three models were investigated and compared. The first model is made of steel, the second model from FDM-M30, and the third model is a hybrid model. Results show that metal models can be replaced by hybrid models in order to measure aerodynamic characteristics, reduce model fabrication time, save fabrication cost and also to verify the accuracy of aerodynamic data obtained in aerospace industry.
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Li, Jianye, Qian Fang, Xiang Liu, Jianming Du, Gan Wang, and Jun Wang. "Mechanical Behaviors of Existing Large-Diameter Tunnel Induced by Horseshoe-Shaped Undercrossing Twin Tunnels in Gravel." Applied Sciences 12, no. 14 (July 21, 2022): 7344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12147344.
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This article investigates and presents a case study on the Beijing Subway Line 12 excavation beneath the existing Qinghuayuan Tunnel. The composite pre-reinforcement technique was used in conjunction with the shallow tunneling method to control the distortion of the existing large-diameter tunnel. When building twin tunnels underneath, this strategy considerably decreased the impact on the existing large-diameter tunnel. To systematically study the mechanical response of the existing large-diameter tunnel, a variety of sensors was embedded in the prefabricated segments just above the new twin tunnels. During the undercrossing twin tunnels procedure, the earth pressure, tunnel crown settlement, opening width of the segment joint, and the circumferential strain of the large-diameter existing tunnel were all measured. The settlement development of the existing large-diameter tunnel was categorized under six stages: (1) sedimentation, (2) heave, (3) second sedimentation, (4) second heave, (5) third sedimentation, and (6) steady state. The joint opening of the existing large-diameter tunnel changed sharply during the new undercrossing twin tunnels. The earth pressure and concrete stress of the linings rapidly increased during the new undercrossing twin tunnels. The majority of the reinforcement and concrete stresses were compressive and far lower than the yield strength, indicating that the tunnel was in a safe working condition.
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Cheng, Xiaodong, Tianqiu Hong, Zhitang Lu, and Xiaochun Cheng. "Characterization of Underlying Twin Shield Tunnels Due to Foundation-Excavation Unloading in Soft Soils: An Experimental and Numerical Study." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (November 19, 2021): 10938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210938.
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Excavation near or above existing shield tunnels often results in adverse impacts on tunnel stability. To ensure the serviceability of existing tunnels, this paper presents experimental and numerical studies with reference to a foundation pit case history excavated above twin-tube shield tunnels in soft soils. The experimental tests were firstly applied to study the deformation characteristics and structural response of the shield tunnels. Thereafter, an extensive numerical investigation was performed to determine the influence of some factors such as cover-to-excavation depth ratio, length-to-depth ratio, and unloading ratio on tunnel displacement behaviors. It was demonstrated that the tunnel heaves as the excavation proceeds, and heaves and horizontal displacements reach their maximum values when the excavation is finished. The earth pressure around the tunnels is symmetrically distributed in a gourd shape, with a larger reduction at the tunnel crown and invert and a smaller reduction at tunnel side walls. Additionally, the earth pressure at the tunnel crown and invert changes more significantly than that at other parts. The tunnel moment increment is significantly affected by the tunnel excavation depth. The axial force at or near the side walls of the tunnel is the most sensitive to the unloading effect induced by the excavation activity.
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Li, Shui Yu. "The Construction Technology Development of Immersed Tunnel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 1385–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.1385.
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This paper summarizes the advantages of the immersed tunnel, reviews the application profiles of the immersed tunnel at home and abroad. Immersed tunnel design and construction process in the selection of structural, foundation treatment, joints waterproof, pipe sections of floating and sinking and other key technologies are analyzed and discussed. Finally, the analysis of the application prospects of the immersed tunnel, and pointed out that with the underground space development and utilization of the immersed tunnel because of its unique advantages and will certainly more and more popular.
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Geisler, Thomas, Klaus Voit, Ulrich Burger, Tobias Cordes, Florian Lehner, Gregor Götzl, Magdalena Wolf, and Thomas Marcher. "Geothermal Potential of the Brenner Base Tunnel—Initial Evaluations." Processes 10, no. 5 (May 12, 2022): 972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10050972.
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Increasing demands on mobility and transport, but limited space above ground, lead to new traffic routes being built, even more underground in the form of tunnels. In addition to improving the traffic situation, tunnels offer the possibility of contributing to climate-friendly heating by indirectly serving as geothermal power plants. In this study, the geothermal potential of the future longest railway tunnel in the world, the Brenner Base Tunnel, was evaluated. At the Brenner Base Tunnel, warm water naturally flows from the apex of the tunnel towards the city of Innsbruck, Austria. In order to estimate its geothermal potential, hydrological data of discharge rates and temperatures were investigated and analyzed. The investigations indicated the highest geothermal potential in the summertime, while the lowest occurs during winter. It could be shown that these variations were a result of cooling during discharge through areas of low overburden (mid mountain range), where the tunnel atmosphere is increasingly influenced by the air temperatures outside the tunnel. Nevertheless, the calculations showed that there will be a usable potential after completion of the tunnel.