Journal articles on the topic 'Tunisians – Europe'
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1
Shehata, Mostafa. "Supportive, transformative and reverse effects of media on Tunisian diaspora’s political identity." Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 85–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jammr_00012_1.
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The Tunisian diaspora in Europe has gained significant research interest due to the fundamental changes recently triggered by the Tunisian Revolution with which the diaspora strongly interacted. This article investigates the potential effects of media use on the political identity of Tunisian diasporic communities in Europe, from a sociopolitical communication perspective. Based on 45 interviews conducted with Tunisians living in Denmark, Sweden and France, a special focus has been set on the patterns of media use in relation to components of political identity (homeland orientation, religion and ideology), considering the combined influences of both country of origin and country of residence. The analysis shows that media exerted supportive effects on the diaspora’s homeland orientations – a process that likely depended on participants’ previous connection with Tunisia. The media also exerted short-term transformative effects on the political ideology and a reverse effect on religious orientations – a process that mainly depended on life in both country of origin and country of residence. This article proposes that this Tunisian diaspora is more likely to construct a hybrid identity, supported by media channels that facilitate the adoption of sociopolitical principles derived from both country of origin and country of residence.
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Ben-Yehoyada, Naor. "Transnational Political Cosmology: A Central Mediterranean Example." Comparative Studies in Society and History 56, no. 4 (October 2014): 870–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417514000437.
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AbstractThis paper examines the workings of kinship and marriage idioms in transnational political imaginary in the central Mediterranean to challenge current academic reliance on the notion of fraternity as the symbolic building block of both national and global political relations. Since the 1960s, the Sicilian town of Mazara del Vallo and its fishing fleet have become entwined in intensifying interactions with Tunisia and the wider Maghreb. These interactions—specifically the Tunisian-Italian “Fish War” and construction of a trans-Mediterranean natural gas pipeline between North Africa and Europe—rejuvenated the old geopolitical imagination of the Mediterranean and helped produce the central Mediterranean as a spatio-temporal field of political action. Italians and Tunisians perceived each other as related, and staged the trans-Mediterranean infrastructural project as a sort of European-African (cross-cousin) marriage. I begin by examining the tensions between two central kinship idioms—fraternity and cousinage—in current understandings of transnational relations. I then discuss the growing prevalence of a transnational political cosmology of affinity across difference over that of shared descent and sameness that characterize national alignments. I conclude by examining how Tunisians and Sicilians in Mazara today cast each other in roles deriving from segmentary schemes they share, but on the content of which they disagree. By applying concepts associated with kinship and marriage studies to recent Mediterranean history, I show how segmentation, a concept anthropologists abandoned when they crossed the Mediterranean on their way into Europe, can help us understand transnational politics.
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Weilandt, Ragnar. "Socio-economic challenges to Tunisia’s democratic transition." European View 17, no. 2 (October 2018): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1781685818805681.
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Among those countries that faced the so-called Arab Spring in 2011, Tunisia is the last one for which hope for a successful democratic transition remains justified. However, the country’s comparatively favourable institutional evolution has led to a dangerous complacency not only in Europe but across the West. While important reforms have been implemented, democracy has so far failed to fulfil the high expectations it has raised within the population. Tunisians’ discontent with their living conditions and the new system’s perceived inability to deliver are fundamental threats to the country’s transition. This article argues that the EU has a major interest in making Tunisia a democratic and socio-economic success story, as failure would not only constitute a lost opportunity to create a role model in the region but would also jeopardise European security interests. The EU should therefore provide more substantial support with the aim of realising socio-economic improvements in Tunisia.
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Toso, Giorgio. "«Il morbo continua a regnare». La peste in Tunisia tra il 1818 e il 1820 nelle relazioni del Console sabaudo Gaetano Palma di Borgofranco." STORIA URBANA, no. 168 (November 2021): 51–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/su2021-168003.
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La Reggenza di Tunisi fu colpita tra il 1818 e il 1820 da una grave epidemia di peste, che causò la morte di migliaia di persone. In questo contesto, i Consoli degli Stati europei presenti nel Paese nordafricano riportarono, nelle relazioni dirette ai loro governi, notizie relative alla diffusione e all'andamento del contagio, alla mortalità e alle misure adottate dalle autorità tunisine durante l'emergenza: per quanto viziate talvolta da pregiudizi o imprecisioni, queste relazioni rappresentano una testimonianza diretta sulla peste in Tunisia e sui suoi effetti. In questa sede si presentano i riferimenti all'epidemia nelle relazioni del Console sabaudo a Tunisi, Gaetano Palma di Borgofranco, con un'attenzione particolare per l'immagine, tendenzialmente negativa, del governo e della popolazione tunisini. Attraverso l'analisi di documenti conservati presso gli Archivi di Stato di Genova e Torino emergono quindi non solo i dati pratici relativi all'epidemia ma anche le idee e gli atteggiamenti di un diplomatico europeo ottocentesco nei confronti di una società musulmana nel corso di un'emergenza sanitaria.
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Khanche, Hanen, and Karim Ben Kahla. "Intercultural Management between Tunisia and Europe." Journal of Business Administration Research 7, no. 2 (October 23, 2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jbar.v7n2p40.
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The subject of this paper is to report on the problem of cultural differences in management between Tunisia and Europe in the context of the company.Thus, the paradox between values and the way of managers’ life in companies. Therefore, daily strategies also represent one's willingness to be accepted by society and not to be cut off.The present article has three parts. The first is to identify the cultural foundations of European society, the Anglo-Saxons and the francophone’s culture. The second is to show how Tunisian cultural values are unsuited to the European model. The third part is to propose some recommendations for adapting the strategies of Tunisian companies to their European partners. Based on the Tunisian cultural configuration and the information collected through the case studies, we recommend a code of conduct companies attempt to bring together all staff around common values and to foster a common culture where social responsibility can play an important role. These codes cannot be imposed but must correspond to the reality of the business under. It is difficult for a gap to be created between the speeches and the reality, leading to the de-involvement of managers.The subject of this paper is to report on the problem of cultural differences in management between Tunisia and Europe in the context of the company.Thus, the paradox between values and the way of managers’ life in companies. Therefore, daily strategies also represent one's willingness to be accepted by society and not to be cut off.The present article has three parts. The first is to identify the cultural foundations of European society, the Anglo-Saxons and the francophone’s culture. The second is to show how Tunisian cultural values are unsuited to the European model. The third part is to propose some recommendations for adapting the strategies of Tunisian companies to their European partners. Based on the Tunisian cultural configuration and the information collected through the case studies, we recommend a code of conduct companies attempt to bring together all staff around common values and to foster a common culture where social responsibility can play an important role. These codes cannot be imposed but must correspond to the reality of the business under. It is difficult for a gap to be created between the speeches and the reality, leading to the de-involvement of managers.
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Chelbi, Mohamed Ben. "Geodynamic evolution of the Tunisian margin during the Albian–Cenomanian: structural evidence of the Austrian orogenic phase and the early tectonic inversion of the Tunisian Atlas." Journal of the Geological Society 178, no. 3 (January 13, 2021): jgs2019–195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jgs2019-195.
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The Zebbag and Fahdene formations outcrop onshore Tunisia and provide an excellent opportunity to test models of the tectonosedimentary evolution of this region during the Albian–Cenomanian. A NW–SE compressive stress regime resulted in shortening of the Tunisian margin and this compressional tectonism defines the Austrian phase described in the surrounding margins. This event is not widely documented, but regionally extensive tectonism is suggested by NE–SW thrusting and folding, which produced an angular unconformity, active halokinetic diapirs and transpressional NW–SE pull-apart basins. The observed compressional deformation can be considered as a precursor to the Alpine Orogeny and led to the inversion of palaeoblocks inherited from Tethyan Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous rifting. A late Albian–Cenomanian onset of compressional deformation along the Tunisian margin may be intimately related to the drift of Africa with respect to Europe and to opening of the Atlantic Ocean.
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EL MOKNI, RIDHA, and LORENZO PERUZZI. "Rediscovery and conservation of Linaria cossonii Bonnet & Barratte (Plantaginaceae) in Tunisia." Phytotaxa 423, no. 5 (November 13, 2019): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.423.5.2.
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The genus Linaria Miller (1754: 272) (Plantaginaceae) is the largest of tribe Antirrhineae, including ca. 150 species native to temperate regions of Europe, northern Africa, and Asia (Sáez et al. 2004, Mabberley 2008). The diversity centre of this genus is in the Mediterranean region (Sutton 1988), where 90 species occur (see e.g., Marhold 2011+). The flora of Tunisia includes 21 Linaria species and 10 subspecies, among which 6 taxa are endemic to the country (Pottier-Alapetite 1981, Le Floc’h et al. 2010, Marhold 2011+, Dobignard & Chatelain 2013, APD 2019). Tunisian endemics are still poorly known in terms of frequency, ecology and population dynamics, making difficult to assess their conservation status. Recently, the IUCN Global Red List 2018 (Valderrábano et al. 2018) assessed about 30 Tunisian taxa as Threatened (CR, EN, VU), Near Threatened (NT), and Data Deficient (DD). Among those listed in the latter category, there is Linaria cossonii Bonnet & Barratte (1896: 317), a usually annual herb up to 150 cm tall, growing within coastal sandy pine forests in the NE of Tunisia (CB & NE sensu Pottier Alapetite 1981). This species is rare and was scarcely seen after 1883, i.e. its date of first collection as derived from the protologue.
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Abdedayem, Wided, Mehran Patpour, Marwa Laribi, Annemarie F. Justesen, Hajer Kouki, Moez Fakhfakh, Mogens S. Hovmøller, Amor H. Yahyaoui, Sonia Hamza, and Sarrah Ben M’Barek. "Wheat Stem Rust Detection and Race Characterization in Tunisia." Plants 12, no. 3 (January 25, 2023): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12030552.
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Climate changes over the past 25 years have led to conducive conditions for invasive and transboundary fungal disease occurrence, including the re-emergence of wheat stem rust disease, caused by Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici (Pgt) in East Africa, Europe, and the Mediterranean basin. Since 2018, sporadic infections have been observed in Tunisia. In this study, we investigated Pgt occurrence at major Tunisian wheat growing areas. Pgt monitoring, assessment, and sampling from planted trap nurseries at five different locations over two years (2021 and 2022) revealed the predominance of three races, namely TTRTF (Clade III-B), TKKTF (Clade IV-F), and TKTTF (Clade IV-B). Clade III-B was the most prevalent in 2021 as it was detected at all locations, while in 2022 Pgt was only reported at Beja and Jendouba, with the prevalence of Clade IV-B. The low levels of disease incidence during these two years and Pgt population diversity suggest that this fungus most likely originated from exotic incursions and that climate factors could have caused disease establishment in Tunisia. Further evaluation under the artificial disease pressure of Tunisian wheat varieties and weather-based modeling for early disease detection in the Mediterranean area could be helpful in monitoring and predicting wheat stem rust emergence and epidemics.
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Maaroufi, K., A. Achour, M. Hammami, M. El May, AM Betbeder, F. Ellouz, EE Creppy, and H. Bacha. "Ochratoxin A in human blood in relation to nephropathy in Tunisia." Human & Experimental Toxicology 14, no. 7 (July 1995): 609–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719501400710.
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The determination of ochratoxin A (OTA) in human blood in Tunisian populations is underway. The range of conta mination is between 0.7 to 7.8 ng ml-1 for the general popu lation and 12 to 55 ng ml-1 for people suffering from chron ic renal failure. It appears that 21 to 64% of people suffer ing from nephropathy are OTA positive with a detection limit of 1ng ml-1. This situation prompted us to search for possible association of OTA contamination and nephropa thy resembling Balkan endemic nephropathy. The classifi cation of the ill population into chronic interstitial nephropathy (CIN), chronic glomerular nephropathy (CGN), chronic vascular nephropathy (CVN) and others, indicated that the largest is the CIN group which is signifi cantly different from the other groups, and from the con trol (P < 0.005). Furthermore, it presented the highest OTA mean values (25 to 59 ng ml-1) compared with the control, CGN, CVN and other groups (6 to 18 ng ml-1) according to the designated region in Tunisia. The rural population seems to be more exposed to ochratoxins in Tunisia, as has been previously reported in the Balkans and Western Europe. Altogether, these results emphasise that in Tunisia an endemic ochratoxin-related nephropathy is probably occurring.
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M’charek, Amade. "Harraga: Burning borders, navigating colonialism." Sociological Review 68, no. 2 (March 2020): 418–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038026120905491.
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In this article I introduce the non-English word, harraga, to address the convoluted nature of migration, death, borders and colonial legacies. My empirical material comes from the south of Tunisia. I draw on practices of migration from Tunisia, the extraction of resources and its effect on the economy of the country, and the washing ashore of bodies on the southern Tunisian coast. I also reflect on the recent European border management in this area that is intended to stop migration from both Tunisia and Libya. Harraga (الحراقة) is an Arabic word used in Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco. It could be translated as those who burn. A pragmatic or accommodating translation would be ‘sans papiers’, or ‘undocumented migrants’. However, harraga is not a word for a group of people, but for an activity. The activity of moving out of the Magreb. Those who engage in harga, ‘burn’ borders in order to enter European territories, or overstay their visa. Yet enfolded in the word harraga is much more than the activity of leaving for Europe. I will slowly unpack this word and show that (1) harraga is not about identity (the migrant/the refugee), but an activity, the activity of burning borders and of expanding living space; (2) harraga is not about burning bridges or leaving histories behind, but about crafting connections as well as colonial extractions; (3) harraga problematizes Europe’s borders by siding with those who burn them, human beings.
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Islam, Md Nazmul, Yılmaz Bingöl, Israel Nyaburi Nyadera, and Gershon Dagba. "Toward Islam Through Political Parties, Ideology, and Democracy: A Discourse Analysis on Turkey’s AK Party, Tunisian Ennahda, and Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami." Jadavpur Journal of International Relations 25, no. 1 (June 2021): 26–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09735984211019797.
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This article aims to examine the legacy and policy of AK Party in Turkey, Ennahda’s political movement in Tunisia, and Jamaat-e-Islami (BJI) in Bangladesh, which is ostensibly identified with Islamic political ideology and acquainted with the world as a ‘moderate-conservative political Islam party.’ The study interrogates the nature, processes, and the characteristic features of the three countries’ administrative system, comparatively from three regions of the world, particularly from the Middle East and Europe region, Africa and Arab region, and the South Asian region. This study also highlights these political parties’ history, political ideology differences, and their practices reflective of democratic principles from a theoretical perspective on politics, policy, and philosophy. It also acknowledges whether the political development of Turkey from 2002 onward is feasible for Bangladeshi and Tunisian Islamic political parties to accept as a role model in their political arena.
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Ben Chehida, Faten, Ana M. Lopes, João V. Côrte-Real, Soufien Sghaier, Rim Aouini, Lilia Messadi, and Joana Abrantes. "Multiple Introductions of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Lagovirus europaeus/GI.2 in Africa." Biology 10, no. 9 (September 8, 2021): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10090883.
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Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) causes high mortality and morbidity in European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). In Africa, the presence of the causative agent, the rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV), was first confirmed in 1992 (genotype Lagovirus europaeus/GI.1). In 2015, the new genotype Lagovirus europaeus/GI.2 (RHDV2/b) was detected in Tunisia. Currently, GI.2 strains are present in several North and Sub-Saharan African countries. Considerable economic losses have been observed in industrial and traditional African rabbitries due to RHDV. Like other RNA viruses, this virus presents high recombination rates, with the emergence of GI.2 being associated with a recombinant strain. Recombination events have been detected with both pathogenic (GI.1b and GII.1) and benign (GI.3 and GI.4) strains. We obtained complete genome sequences of Tunisian GI.2 strains collected between 2018 and 2020 and carried out phylogenetic analyses. The results revealed that Tunisian strains are GI.3P-GI.2 strains that were most likely introduced from Europe. In addition, the results support the occurrence of multiple introductions of GI.2 into Africa, stressing the need for characterizing complete genome sequences of the circulating lagoviruses to uncover their origin. Continued monitoring and control of rabbit trade will grant a better containment of the disease and reduce the disease-associated economic losses.
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Libois, R. M., J. R. Michaux, M. G. Ramalhinho, C. Maurois, and M. Sarà. "On the origin and systematics of the northern African wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) populations: a comparative study of mtDNA restriction patterns." Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, no. 8 (August 1, 2001): 1503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-106.
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Conflicting hypotheses have been formulated regarding the origin of wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) populations in northern Africa. In this study, the mtDNA restriction patterns of mice (n = 28) collected in Tunisia and Morocco are compared with those of representatives from southern Europe (n = 102). The neighbour-joining tree confirms the existence of the three lineages previously found in the Mediterranean area: western, TyrrhenianBalkan, and Sicilian. The western group is isolated from the two others, with bootstrap values of 89 and 95%. Northern African patterns are included in the western group. Their variability is low, the same pattern being shared by five Tunisian and all Moroccan animals (n = 18), caught either in the north of the country (Cap Spartel) or in the south (Marrakech). This implies that northern African wood mouse populations have a southwestern European origin and that their presence in the region is probably recent, which corresponds to both paleontological data and the hypothesis of anthropogenic introduction.
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Khabbach, Abdelmajid, Mohamed Libiad, Mohamed El Haissoufi, Soumaya Bourgou, Wided Megdiche-Ksouri, Fatima Lamchouri, Zeineb Ghrabi-Gammar, et al. "Electronic commerce of the endemic plants of northern Morocco (Mediterranean coast-Rif) and Tunisia over the internet." Botanical Sciences 100, no. 1 (October 5, 2021): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.2850.
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Background: Internet trade popularize the ornamental interest of plants but can also threaten species’ wild populations, if this activity is performed in uncontrolled and unauthorised ways.
Questions: What endemic plants of Morocco and Tunisia are traded over the Internet by whom and at what prices?
Studied species: 94 endemic plants of northern Morocco and 83 of Tunisia.
Study site and dates: Tunisia and northern Morocco (Mediterranean coast and Rif region); internet survey between September 2018 and December 2019.
Methods: To understand the extent of this new form of trade, We recorded the type of plant material sold over the Internet for the studied taxa, their prices and suppliers using online platforms.
Results: Four northern Moroccan taxa (4.25 % of the total local endemics) were found as marketed by 18 nurseries in Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand, while no marketing activity was detected for Tunisian endemic plants. The nurseries involved offer for sale and distribution living individuals of Abies marocana at €12.00-259.50, Rhodanthemum hosmariense at €0.35-19.5, Salvia interrupta subsp. paui at €6.23-8.90, and bulbs of Acis tangitana at €1.05-3.95. Although these taxa are classified as endangered, they are traded worldwide without permit of the Moroccan authorities. The source and origin of the plant material are not clearly indicated, and only some nurseries report that their marketed material comes from own cultivated stocks.
Conclusions: The implementation of protection laws/regulations and the monitoring of nurseries’ websites are recommended to control the illegal trade of wild plant material.
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Khabbach, Abdelmajid, Mohamed Libiad, Mohamed El Haissoufi, Soumaya Bourgou, Wided Megdiche-Ksouri, Fatima Lamchouri, Zeineb Ghrabi-Gammar, et al. "Electronic commerce of the endemic plants of northern Morocco (Mediterranean coast-Rif) and Tunisia over the internet." Botanical Sciences 100, no. 1 (October 5, 2021): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.2850.
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Background: Internet trade popularize the ornamental interest of plants but can also threaten species’ wild populations, if this activity is performed in uncontrolled and unauthorised ways.
Questions: What endemic plants of Morocco and Tunisia are traded over the Internet by whom and at what prices?
Studied species: 94 endemic plants of northern Morocco and 83 of Tunisia.
Study site and dates: Tunisia and northern Morocco (Mediterranean coast and Rif region); internet survey between September 2018 and December 2019.
Methods: To understand the extent of this new form of trade, We recorded the type of plant material sold over the Internet for the studied taxa, their prices and suppliers using online platforms.
Results: Four northern Moroccan taxa (4.25 % of the total local endemics) were found as marketed by 18 nurseries in Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand, while no marketing activity was detected for Tunisian endemic plants. The nurseries involved offer for sale and distribution living individuals of Abies marocana at €12.00-259.50, Rhodanthemum hosmariense at €0.35-19.5, Salvia interrupta subsp. paui at €6.23-8.90, and bulbs of Acis tangitana at €1.05-3.95. Although these taxa are classified as endangered, they are traded worldwide without permit of the Moroccan authorities. The source and origin of the plant material are not clearly indicated, and only some nurseries report that their marketed material comes from own cultivated stocks.
Conclusions: The implementation of protection laws/regulations and the monitoring of nurseries’ websites are recommended to control the illegal trade of wild plant material.
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Abdelmoula, N. "Toxic accumulation of copper and neuropsychiatric symptoms due to a familial tunisian compound heterozygous ATP7B missense mutation." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S717—S718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1901.
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IntroductionWilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the P-type copper ATPase, ATP7B (ATPase copper-transporting beta), which transports copper out of cells. It is characterized by toxic accumulation of copper primarily in the liver and brain, leading to liver disorders and/or neuropsychiatric symptoms.ObjectivesHere, we report a Tunisian pedigree associated to familial ATP7B gene mutation.MethodsMedical genetic investigations, and molecular screening of ATP7B gene mutations were performed to a Tunisian three-generation pedigree with eight members having neuropsychiatric symptoms. Molecular genetic testing of the ATP7B 21 exons was carried out by direct sequencing.ResultsA compound heterozygote mutational status of ATP7B with 2 substitutions: p.H1069Q and p.D642H was found. The family originated from the city of Sfax (Tunisia) showed a pronounced amount of consanguinity and eight members affected by WD. All cases derived from consanguineous couples and harbored psychiatric disorders associated or not to neurologic symptoms. Diagnosis of WD was piloted first through the cases harbouring intention tremor in the upper limbs and ataxia associated with psychiatric symptoms.ConclusionsThe first missense mutation p.H1069Q - c.3207C>A (CAC-CAA) (exon 14) is the most commonest mutation in WD associated with late onset neurological conditions in Europe (Natural variantiVAR_000758 dbSNP:rs76151636). The second missense mutation in exon 6 : p.D642H - c.1924G>C (GAC-CAC) (Natural variantiVAR_000713 dbSNP:rs72552285) affects the domain affinity to copper or the folding structure in the cytoplasmic region and decreases the stability, leading to abnormal localization of the protein within cytoplasm and an impairment of protein function.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
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Owen, John M. "Springs and their offspring: the international consequences of domestic uprisings." European Journal of International Security 1, no. 1 (January 27, 2016): 49–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eis.2015.3.
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AbstractA politicalspringis an abrupt, broad, sustained increase in public dissent in a state that has prohibited it, as in Czechoslovakia in 1968 or Tunisia in early 2011. Some springs produce offspring – clusters of events within neighbouring states (civic unrest, increased state repression, co-option of dissent, revolution) and among those states (intensification of international rivalries, foreign interventions). An English Spring in 1558–9 produced such a cluster in Northwestern Europe. This article addresses the underlying causal mechanism connecting springs and their offspring, rather than the related correlational question (viz. under what conditions a spring is followed by offspring). That mechanism istransnational group polarisation, or the progressive separation of preferences across a population into pro- and anti-government groups. Transnational polarisation along a pro-versus-anti-government axis is an endogenous process triggered by exogenous events, such as violence or public demonstrations that raise the status of, or threat to, one of the groups. It presents powerful actors across states with new threats and opportunities and can help explain how the Tunisian Spring of early 2011 produced throughout the Arab Middle East infectious unrest, serial repressions and reforms, heightened international tensions, and foreign interventions.
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Florea, Daniel, Joël Toujas-Bernate, and Reinout De Bock. "Spillovers From Europe Into Morocco and Tunisia." IMF Working Papers 10, no. 238 (2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781455209385.001.
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Angermeyer, Matthias C., Mauro G. Carta, Herbert Matschinger, Aurélie Millier, Tarek Refaï, Georg Schomerus, and Mondher Toumi. "Cultural differences in stigma surrounding schizophrenia: Comparison between Central Europe and North Africa." British Journal of Psychiatry 208, no. 4 (April 2016): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.114.154260.
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BackgroundExploring cultural differences may improve understanding about the social processes underlying the stigmatisation of people with mental illness.AimsTo compare public beliefs and attitudes about schizophrenia in Central Europe and North Africa.MethodRepresentative national population surveys conducted in Germany (2011) and in Tunisia (2012), using the same interview mode (face to face) and the same fully structured interview.ResultsIn Tunisia, respondents showed a stronger tendency to hold the person with schizophrenia responsible for the condition. At the same time they expressed more prosocial reactions and less fear than their German counterparts. In Germany, the desire for social distance was greater for more distant relationships, whereas in Tunisia this was the case for close, family-related relationships.ConclusionsStigma differs between Tunisia and Germany more in form than in magnitude. It manifests particularly in those social roles which ‘matter most’ to people within a given culture.
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Mokni, Ridha El. "Echinophora spinosa L. (Apiaceae), a new species in the flora of Tunisia and second report from North Africa." Hacquetia 19, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hacq-2019-0016.
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AbstractEchinophora spinosa L., a perennial member of the Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) family is known to be native to southern Europe and Algeria. More recently this taxon was collected from Tabarka (Jendouba-Kroumiria, North-Western of Tunisia) and is reported as a new species for the terrestrial flora of Tunisia. It is described and illustrated and notes on its ecology and phytosociological remarks are provided.
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Anderson, Lisa. "Political Pacts, Liberalism, and Democracy: The Tunisian National Pact of 1988." Government and Opposition 26, no. 2 (April 1, 1991): 244–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1991.tb01136.x.
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MOST OF WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT THE ROLE OF POLITICAL pacts and pact-making in developing democracy is based on transitions from exclusionary authoritarian regimes in Europe and Latin American. This is not surprising; most political pacts have been concluded in Europe and Latin America, as political and economic elites have attempted to extricate themselves from the ruins of war or the reigns of tyrants. Increasingly, however, pacts have been used elsewhere as devices to mark political transitions of other kinds. In the Arab world, for example, the ultimately unhappy fate of Lebanon's 1943 National Pact, which provided the framework of a transition to independence, did not deter pact-makers in Tunisia in 1988 from using the device in what they hoped would be a transition from a single-party regime to a more pluralist democracy.
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Fideli, Roberto. "Elezioni nel mondo - Luglio-Dicembre 1999." Quaderni dell'Osservatorio elettorale QOE - IJES 44, no. 1 (September 30, 2001): 149–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/qoe-12796.
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Europe: Austria, Georgia, Macedonia, Portugal, Russia, Switzerland, Ukraine;
Africa: Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, Tunisia;
Americas: Argentina, Guatemala, Uruguay;
Asia: India, Malaysia;
Oceania: New Zealand.
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Rivera-Escartin, Adrià, and Elisabeth Johansson-Nogués. "Harraga and Europe: The emotional geographies of undocumented migrants in Tunisian filmmaking." Political Geography 94 (April 2022): 102580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2021.102580.
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Mokni, Ridha El. "Muscari baeticum (Scilloideae, Asparagaceae), a new addition to the native flora of Tunisia and third report to Mediterranean Africa." Hacquetia 21, no. 2 (July 9, 2022): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hacq-2022-0002.
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Abstract Muscari baeticum, originating from western Europe, is here recorded as new from the central eastern part of Tunisia. So far, it was known only from Algeria and Morocco within the southern part of the Mediterranean basin. Description of the species as well as first data about its ecology in Tunisia together with geographical distribution and diagnostic features of closely related species are given. Photographic illustrations of the new reported taxon and an updated key to the Muscari species in North Africa are also provided.
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Kennedy, William J., and Andrew S. Gale. "Trans-Tethyan correlation of the Lower–Middle Cenomanian boundary interval; southern England (Southerham, near Lewes, Sussex) and Douar el Khiana, northeastern Algeria." Acta Geologica Polonica 67, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 75–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agp-2017-0005.
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Abstract A 480 m section of marls with widely separated levels of nodular limestone in the Fahdene Formation north of Bou Khadra in Tebessa Province, northeastern Algeria, spans the Lower/Middle Cenomanian boundary. A total of 30 ammonite species are present, of which two: Forbesiceras reversum and Calycoceras (Newboldiceras) algeriense are new. The fauna allows recognition of the Northwest European upper Lower Cenomanian Mantelliceras dixoni Zone, the succeeding lower Middle Cenomanian Cunningtoniceras inerme Zone, the Acanthoceras rhotomagense Zone and its subzones of Turrilites costatus and Turrilites acutus. The sequence of index species occurs in the same order in both north-eastern Tunisia and the Southerham Grey Pit in Sussex (and indeed elsewhere in Northwest Europe), indicating these to be robust assemblage zones and subzones that can be recognised on both the north and south sides of the Tethys. Other occurrences of taxa that are common in both sections and regions are markedly different, and include the co-occurrence of Cunningtoniceras inerme (Pervinquière, 1907) with Acanthoceras rhotomagense (Brongniart, 1822) in the costatus Subzone in north-eastern Algeria and central Tunisia, the extension of Acompsoceras renevieri (Sharpe, 1857) into the lower Middle Cenomanian in north-eastern Tunisia, whilst the acme of Turrilites scheuchzerianus Bosc, 1801, is in the dixoni Zone in Northwest Europe, and in the inerme Zone in northeasten Algeria and adjacent parts of Central Tunisia. These differences are not a result of collection failure or non-preservation, but must rather reflect environmental controls on occurrence and abundance.
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Poirier, Robert A., and Stephen Wright. "The Political Economy of Tourism in Tunisia." Journal of Modern African Studies 31, no. 1 (March 1993): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x0001185x.
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The African continent currently faces severe political and economic crises. Massive debts, unpopular structural adjustment programmes (S.A.P.s), spiralling population growth, democratisation, and régime transformation are all testing national cohesion. Externally, the rapidly changing global environment, marked by the demise of the cold war and the continuing difficulties being experienced in Europe and the Middle East, also provides immense challenges to African policy-makers.
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AKKARI, NESRINE, HENRIK ENGHOFF, PAVEL STOEV, and JEAN-PAUL MAURIÈS. "On the identity of Basigona lucasii Silvestri, 1896, a poorly known millipede from Tunisia, with notes on the North African Chordeumatida (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida: Chamaesomatidae)." Zootaxa 2427, no. 1 (April 15, 2010): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2427.1.7.
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Considering the very high diversity of Chordeumatida in Europe, namely almost 500 described species in 140 genera (Enghoff & Kime 2009), the paucity of records of this order in North Africa is striking. The order has hitherto been reported only from Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia.
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Janick, Jules. "Horticulture in Morocco: North Africa’s California." HortScience 24, no. 1 (February 1989): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.24.1.18.
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Abstract Morocco is an ancient kingdom and an emerging nation occupying a strategic bridge between northwest Africa and Europe. The most westerly nation of the Maghrib (the western Islamic world of North Africa that includes present-day Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, and western Libya), Morocco borders both the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, separated from Europe’s Iberian peninsula by the narrow straits of Gibraltar (Fig. 1). Geographically, Morocco is African, but there are close links to the Middle East and the Islamic world as well as to Europe via France and Spain.
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Blythe, Stephen. "Computer Law of Tunisia: Promoting Secure E-Commerce Transactions with Electronic Signatures." Arab Law Quarterly 20, no. 3 (2006): 240–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/026805506778388854.
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AbstractTunisia's Electronic Exchanges and Electronic Commerce Law ("ECL") was enacted for the purpose of achieving more security in E-commerce transactions. The ECL provides that: (1) electronic documents may be used to satisfy a statutory requirement for paper documents to be stored for a given period of time; and (2) an electronic signature affixed to an electronic document may be used to satisfy a statutory requirement for an ink signature to be executed on a paper document. The National Agency for Electronic Certification ("NAEC") licenses Certification Authorities ("CA") and regulates their business operations. The purpose of a CA is to verify the authenticity and integrity of an electronic signature that was created by its client—the "subscriber"—and the electronic document it is attached to. The CA issues a certificate to a subscriber containing evidence that her electronic signature was created with a private key that was issued to her by the CA. Tunisia recognizes certificates issued by a foreign CA that has met licensing requirements which are comparable to that of Tunisia. The CA carries potential liability for: the veracity of the information stated in the certificate; ensuring the cryptographic relationship between the private key and the public key (which is used by relying third parties to ascertain the electronic signature's authenticity); and for maintenance of security of the subscriber's private information. The subscriber has potential liability based on her duty to maintain security over the private key and to promptly inform the CA if the private key's security has been compromised. The ECL contains rules governing E-commerce contracts. Furthermore, it has some of the best consumer protections to be found anywhere. For example, Tunisian consumers have a 10-day window of opportunity to back out of the deal after an E-contract has been consummated. This is progressive and commendable; many consumers in Western Europe and North America do not enjoy such a protection. The ECL also contains a list of computer crimes and punishments:fines (up to 10,000 dinars) may be assessed for these infractions, and imprisonment may be imposed against a cyber-seller who uses coercion or trickery against a consumer.
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Zagaria, Valentina. "The Morally Fraught Harga." Cambridge Journal of Anthropology 37, no. 2 (September 1, 2019): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/cja.2019.370205.
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The Tunisian coastal town of Zarzis is known for its generations of male emigrants to France and for initiating post-revolutionary harga – the ‘burning’ of the border via undocumented sea crossings to ‘Europe’. Despite migration being central to life in Zarzis, the harga is fraught with anxieties and moral accusations. While older generations accuse younger ones of chasing after easy money and causing jealousies, thereby fuelling the harga, young men reckon that risking the crossing is a matter of escaping social death. Men of all ages also agree that the harga is often women’s fault. This article explores how the desire of making a living in Europe is evaluated in a departure town, and what the accusations and negative emotions it conjures up might reveal about people’s understandings of their economic and moral lives in times of political and social change.
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Al-Hamidhi, Salama, Asia Parveen, Furhan Iqbal, Muhammad Asif, Naheed Akhtar, Elshafie I. Elshafie, Albano Beja-Pereira, and Hamza A. Babiker. "Diversity and Genetic Structure of Theileria annulata in Pakistan and Other Endemic Sites." Pathogens 11, no. 3 (March 10, 2022): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11030334.
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Background: Theileria annulata is a tick-borne protozoan parasite responsible for bovine theileriosis, a disease that impacts cattle population in many developing countries. Development and deployment of effective control strategies, based on vaccine or therapy, should consider the extent of diversity of the parasite and its population structure in different endemic areas. In this study, we examined T. annulata in Pakistan and carried out a comparative analysis with similar data garneted in other areas, to provide further information on the level of parasite diversity and parasite genetic structure in different endemic areas. Methods: The present study examined a set of 10 microsatellites/minisatellites and analyzed the genetic structure of T. annulata in cattle breeds from Pakistan (Indian sub-continent) and compared these with those in Oman (Middle East), Tunisia (Africa), and Turkey (Europe). Result: A high level of genetic diversity was observed among T. annulata detected in cattle from Pakistan, comparable to that in Oman, Tunisia, and Turkey. The genotypes of T. annulata in these four countries form genetically distinct groups that are geographically sub-structured. The T. annulata population in Oman overlapped with that in the Indian Subcontinent (Pakistan) and that in Africa (Tunisia). Conclusions: The T. annulata parasite in Pakistan is highly diverse, and genetically differentiated. This pattern accords well and complements that seen among T. annulata representing the global endemic site. The parasite population in the Arabian Peninsula overlapped with that in the Indian-Subcontinent (India) and that in Africa (Tunisia), which shared some genotypes with that in the Near East and Europe (Turkey). This suggests some level of parasite gene flow, indicative of limited movement between neighboring countries.
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Fakhry, Majid. "Celebrating Ibn Rushd’s Eight-Hundredth Anniversary." American Journal of Islam and Society 15, no. 2 (July 1, 1998): 167–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v15i2.2193.
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In the context of the world-wide celebrations of the eight-hundrthanniversary of Abu al-Walid Ibn Rushd, known to Western scholars asAverroes (1126-1198), the Tunisian Cultural Foundation (Bayt al-Hikmah) held an International Averroes Symposium, sponsored jointlywith UNESCO, in Carthage, Tunis, on February 16 to February 22,1998. The symposium was hosted by Abd al-Wahab Buhdiba, Directorof Bayt al-Hikmah, and was inaugurated by the President of Tunisia,Zayn al-Abidin Ali, who declared 1998 Ibn Rushd’s year. This symposiumwas attended by a large number of scholars from France, England,Spain, the United States, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, Morocco, Libya, andTunisia.It was my good fortune to open the symposium with a lecture titled“Averroes, Aquinas and the Rise of Latin Scholasticism in WesternEurope,” in which I tried to highlight the decisive role Ibn Rushd‘sCommentaries on Aristotle played in the rediscovery of Aristotle inWestern Europe, the resurgence of interest in Greek-Arabic philosophy,and the consequent rise of Latin Scholasticism. Through translations bysuch eminent scholars as Michael the Scot and Heman the German duringthe first decades of the thirteenth century, Ibn Rushd’s work triggereda genuine intellectual revolution in leamed circles. Before long, Latinphilosophers and theologians had split into two rival groups, the pro-Averroists, with Siger of Bradbant (d. 1281) at their head, and the anti-Averroists, with St. Thomas Aquinas (d. 1274) at their head. ”he principalissues around which the controversy tumed were the unity of theintellect, the eternity of the world, the immortality of the soul and thedenial of divine providence. The confrontaton between the two rivalgroups became so acute that in 1270, the Bishop of Paris, Etienne ...
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Ben Halima, M., K. Sammoud, S. Boudiche, J. Ben Amar, H. Aouina, S. Ouali, and M. S. Mourali. "P371Epworth sleepness scale and Berlin questionnaire: A comparison in a Tunisian population with non valvular atrial fibrillation." EP Europace 20, suppl_1 (March 1, 2018): i65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/europace/euy015.182.
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Ben Halima, M., K. Sammoud, S. Boudiche, N. Khedher, J. Ben Amar, H. Aouina, S. Ouali, and M. S. Mourali. "P372Hypertension and atrial fibrillation: an association that increases the risk of developing obstructive sleep apnea in a Tunisian population." EP Europace 20, suppl_1 (March 1, 2018): i65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/europace/euy015.183.
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Zlaoui, Meriem, Mohamed Zied Dhraief, Boubaker Dhehibi, and Mourad Rekik. "Tunisian Consumer Quality Perception and Preferences for Dairy Products: Do Health and Sustainability Matter?" Sustainability 13, no. 19 (September 30, 2021): 10892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910892.
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Consumer awareness about dairy quality increased in the last years, specifically after recent food incidents worldwide (aflatoxin contamination in Europe, 2013, E. coli outbreak in the USA, 2015). In Tunisia, food security and sustainability are at the center of agricultural and food strategies. Therefore, data collected from a face-to-face survey of 214 participants in three cities of Tunisia were analyzed with the aim to identify the general trends of dairy consumption in Tunisia. A factor analysis was conducted to define the way consumers perceive the concept of dairy quality with regards to health and sustainability perceptions. Then, by means of cluster analysis we explore the existence of specific consumer types in relation to dairy quality perceptions, with clear-cut and statistically solid socio-demographic and behavioral profile. Three consumer types were highlighted to evaluate dairy quality, based on different quality dimensions, such as health and sustainability, experience, visible quality, brand name, price and innovation. The results show the emergence of a specific segment of young and older consumers, more educated, and with health and sustainability concerns toward dairy quality.
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WITKOWSKI, RADOSŁAW, and ANDRZEJ MAZUR. "First record of fig bark beetle Hypoborus ficus Erichson (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from Poland." Zootaxa 4571, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.11.
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Hypoborus ficus Erichson, 1836, is a widespread bark beetle in the Mediterranean region (Talhouk 1969). The species was recorded in Europe: Austria, Azerbaijan, Azores, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, France (including Corsica), Greece, Hungary, Italy (including Sardinia and Sicily), Macedonia, Malta, Portugal, Southern Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine (Crimea); Africa: Algeria, Canary Islands, Egypt, Madeira Islands, Morocco, Tunisia; and Asia: Cyprus, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Syria, Tajikistan, and Turkey (Fontana 1925; Knížek 2011).
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Tamás, Gertrúd, Margherita Fabbri, Cristian Falup-Pecurariu, Tiago Teodoro, Mónica M. Kurtis, Rahim Aliyev, Michael Bonello, et al. "Lack of Accredited Clinical Training in Movement Disorders in Europe, Egypt, and Tunisia." Journal of Parkinson's Disease 10, no. 4 (October 27, 2020): 1833–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jpd-202000.
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Background: Little information is available on the official postgraduate and subspecialty training programs in movement disorders (MD) in Europe and North Africa. Objective: To survey the accessible MD clinical training in these regions. Methods: We designed a survey on clinical training in MD in different medical fields, at postgraduate and specialized levels. We assessed the characteristics of the participants and the facilities for MD care in their respective countries. We examined whether there are structured, or even accredited postgraduate, or subspecialty MD training programs in neurology, neurosurgery, internal medicine, geriatrics, neuroradiology, neuropediatrics, and general practice. Participants also shared their suggestions and needs. Results: The survey was completed in 31/49 countries. Structured postgraduate MD programs in neurology exist in 20 countries; structured neurology subspecialty training exists in 14 countries and is being developed in two additional countries. Certified neurology subspecialty training was reported to exist in 7 countries. Recommended reading lists, printed books, and other materials are the most popular educational tools, while courses, lectures, webinars, and case presentations are the most popular learning formats. Mandatory activities and skills to be certified were not defined in 15/31 countries. Most participants expressed their need for a mandatory postgraduate MD program and for certified MD sub-specialization programs in neurology. Conclusion: Certified postgraduate and subspecialty training exists only in a minority of European countries and was not found in the surveyed Egypt and Tunisia. MD training should be improved in many countries.
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"Workshop: Capacity building in public health in Northern Africa. A common effort to develop training programmes." European Journal of Public Health 29, Supplement_4 (November 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz185.493.
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Abstract Background In the years that have followed the overthrow of the former autocratic regime and the democratization of the country, the CONFIDE partner country, Tunisia, has experienced positive political and economic changes. These changes have driven important reforms in the field of public health, yet this country is facing important challenges in building a modern health system and finding an integrate approach to the main national public health problems. In terms of health research system, in Tunisia there is little coordination between stakeholders and the institutions in charge of public health. Moreover, there is no specific mechanism for informing the Ministry of Health about the progress of research in Tunisia and overall there is no structure responsible for the dissemination of research results to the public. To this end, the European and Tunisian members of this consortium have designed together the present capacity building project which aims to inform public health policies in Tunisia based on evidence and contribute to the development of public health research. The CONFIDE project is contributing to the development of the public health field in Tunisia and provides knowhow and tools to the Tunisian public health professions to better collaborate with the local stakeholders. Aim of the workshop The aim of this workshop is to share the experience of the capacity building process in the public health field in Northern Africa. The workshop will discuss and analyse the structure of opportunities for change and reform and the local needs of the public health domain in Tunisia and will identify the main challenges. We will present the processes used and challenges faced, but also the ways to overcome these challenges. This workshop will contribute to the European Public Health field by increasing the visibility at European level of the efforts directed to capacity building interventions and at transferring knowhow outside Europe, specifically Northern Africa. Program The introduction to the workshop will be made by Prof. Razvan Chereches MD, PhD, Professor of Public Health and coordinator of the CONFIDE project. He will describe the methodology used for the capacity building in public health trainings programme in Tunisia. The development of the Centre for Evidence Based Public Health in Tunisia and their impact on the Tunisian local and regional levels will be presented by Prof. Fatma Cheikhrouhou. The link between the knowledge transferred to the young professionals and the policy decision makers will be described by the Tunisian coordinator of the dissemination activities, Prof. Kalthoum Kallel. MScPH Maria Palianopoulou will follow with presenting the evaluation results of the capacity building process and lessons learnt. Last but not least, the sustainability of the trainings and the local effort to integrate the knowledge into the Medical University curricula will be presented by Assistant Prof. Mohamed ben Rejeb. Key messages Discussing lessons learnt can contribute to better tools for the development of public health. Partners` perspective and culturally adapted tools are important for high quality learning process.
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Labidi, L. "Brain drain of Tunisian competencies: The case of health professionals." European Journal of Public Health 30, Supplement_5 (September 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.493.
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Abstract The world is witnessing mobility of human resources facilitated by globalization and by international agreements on trade in services GATS. The advanced demographic transition in developed economies and increase in aging population have put pressures on demand of professionals from countries of the south to sustain economic growth. Health systems in countries of the south are facing increasing rate of migration of health workforce including physicians and allied personnel. Such situation led WHO to promote the code of ethical recruitment of international health professionals. The optional nature of the code did not allow its wider implementation. The brain drain of scare resources represents a real challenge for health systems in several countries including Tunisia. Since 2011, the pace of migration of Tunisian health professionals and particularly physicians have increased because of worsening working conditions, limited career path and uncertainty about the future. Europe and particularly France, Canada, Germany and Gulf states constitute the main destination of Tunisian migrants partly explained by cultural aspects including Arabic and French languages and similarity of Francophone model of medical education. The present qualitative study including focus group discussions with main stake holders aims at: Measuring the brain drain of Tunisian health professionalsAssessing the impact of brain drain on the Tunisian health systemSharing initiatives aimed at retaining health professionals in public sector and inside the country.Learning lessons from other countries on working models for well organized and mutually beneficial migration of health professionals.
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"Spilocaea oleaginea. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 4) (August 1, 1987). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20046500183.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Spilocaea oleaginea (Cast.) Hughes. Hosts: Olive (Olea europea). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Libya, Morocco, North Africa, Somalia, South Africa, Tunisia, Asia, China, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Turkey, USSR, Georgia, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, New South Wales, Europe, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Crete, Sicily, Malta, Portugal, Spain, Yugoslavia, North America, USA, California, South America, Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Peru.
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"Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 4) (August 1, 1987). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20046500135.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi (E.F. Smith) Young, Dye & Wilkie. Hosts: Olive (Olea europea) and oleander (Nerium oleander). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Algeria, Libya, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania, Tunisia, Asia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Turkey, USSR, Georgia, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, Europe, Austria, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Greece, Crete, Italy, Sicily, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, England, Scotland, Yugoslavia, North America, Mexico, USA, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Texas, South America, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Uruguay.
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Grami, Raoudha, Wejdene Mansour, Wahib Mehri, Olfa Bouallègue, Noureddine Boujaâfar, Jean-Yves Madec, and Marisa Haenni. "Impact of food animal trade on the spread of mcr-1-mediated colistin resistance, Tunisia, July 2015." Eurosurveillance 21, no. 8 (February 25, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.es.2016.21.8.30144.
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We report a high prevalence of MCR-1 and CTX-M-1-producing Escherichia coli in three Tunisian chicken farms. Chickens were imported from France or derived from French imported chicks. The same IncHI2-type plasmid reported to carry those genes in cattle in France and in a food sample in Portugal was found in Tunisian chickens of French origin. This suggests a significant impact of food animal trade on the spread of mcr-1-mediated colistin resistance in Europe.
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Wang, Xingeng, Vaughn M. Walton, Kim A. Hoelmer, Charles H. Pickett, Arnaud Blanchet, Robert K. Straser, Alan A. Kirk, and Kent M. Daane. "Exploration for olive fruit fly parasitoids across Africa reveals regional distributions and dominance of closely associated parasitoids." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (March 17, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85253-y.
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AbstractThe olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae, has been a key pest of olives in Europe and North America. We conducted the largest exploration for parasitoids associated with the fly across Sub-Saharan Africa (Kenya, Namibia, and South Africa) including some of the fly’s adjoining regions (Canary Islands, Morocco, Réunion Island and Tunisia). From Sub-Saharan regions, four braconids were collected: Bracon celer, Psytallia humilis, P. lounsburyi, and Utetes africanus. Results showed that their regional dominance was related to climate niches, with P. humilis dominant in hot semi-arid areas of Namibia, P. lounsburyi dominant in more tropical areas of Kenya, and U. africanus prevalent in Mediterranean climates of South Africa. Psytallia concolor was found in the Canary Islands, Morocco and Tunisian, and the Afrotropical braconid Diachasmimorpha sp. near fullawayi on Réunion Island. Furthermore, we monitored the seasonal dynamics of the fly and parasitoids in Cape Province of South Africa. Results showed that fruit maturity, seasonal variations in climates and interspecific interactions shape the local parasitoid diversity that contribute to the low fly populations. The results are discussed with regard to ecological adaptations of closely associated parasitoids, and how their adaptations impact biocontrol.
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KHALLOUFI, Noureddine, Mustapha BÉJAOUI, and Diana DELICADO. "A new genus and species of uncertain phylogenetic position within the family Hydrobiidae (Caenogastropoda: Truncatelloidea) discovered in Tunisian springs." European Journal of Taxonomy, no. 328 (June 9, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.328.
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The species richness of the aquatic (non-marine) gastropod family Hydrobiidae Stimpson, 1865 reaches its peak in the European region partly because other areas, such as North Africa, remain to be extensively surveyed. Most of the hydrobiid species described in North Africa have been ascribed to the subfamilies Pseudamnicolinae, Hydrobiinae and the genus Mercuria. Little is known about the presence of other hydrobiid subfamilies. This study examines several specimens of gastropods collected from two springs in Tunisia. Based on a comprehensive literature review and rigorous anatomical and molecular comparisons with known species from North Africa, Europe and Asia Minor of similar morphology, we here describe a new genus, Bullaregia gen. nov., and new species Bullaregia tunisiensis gen. et sp. nov. Although the shell shape of this Tunisian species resembles that of European hydrobiid genera such as Belgrandiella, it differs in other anatomical structures (i.e., penis with a glandular strap-like lobe, and two seminal receptacles, SR1 pedunculate, SR2 sessile and less developed). Using maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches, phylogenetic relationships inferred from mtCOI sequences point to an independent evolutionary lineage for this new taxon outside Belgrandiella and other known hydrobiid subfamilies.
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De Bock, Reinout, Daniel Florea, and Joël Toujas-Bernate. "Spillovers from Europe into Morocco and Tunisia." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1750727.
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Zhioua, Elyes. "TBE in Tunisia." Tick-borne encephalitis - The Book, June 4, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33442/26613980_12b36-5.
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Ixodes ricinus is principally located in oak forests, in humid to semi-humid microclimatic zones in Northwestern Tunisia. While I. ricinus is considered the main vector of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in Europe, no reports concerning this arbovirus have been reported from North African countries. To date no human cases of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) have been reported in Tunisia.
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"9.M. Workshop: Migration and health." European Journal of Public Health 30, Supplement_5 (September 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.492.
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Abstract Migration has witnessed important development worldwide and in the Mediterranean region because of globalization, political and economic transformations and climate changes. Global agreements on trade in service in addition to deteriorating working conditions have facilitated movement of health professionals from countries of the south to countries of the north with dramatic implications on health systems. The middle east and North Africa region are presently hosting the highest numbers of refugees and migrants fleeing wars and civil strives in South East Asia, Sub Saharan Africa and Middle East. They live in difficult conditions and do not access quality health care services. The geostrategic position of Maghreb and North African countries and their historic ties with Europe imposes to build collaboration and solidarity to deal with the issue of migration and health. Refugees and migrants in Northern and Southern banks of the Mediterranean lack appropriate health and social services, often provided by generous civil society organizations with limited commitment from national governments. Also, their vulnerable status makes them easy targets for international and national human trafficking gangs. Professional associations and scientific societies and schools of public health have an important advocacy role through research and generation of evidence. Health professionals from countries of the southern Mediterranean countries are migrating at increasing pace for several reasons including worsening working conditions to countries of the north and mainly to Europe. Such uncoordinated migration is negatively impacting on health service delivery in countries and it is representing a serious challenge to health systems. Unfortunately, countries of the North, apart from Germany in relation to nurses migrating from Vietnam, are not applying the WHO code of ethics in international recruitment of health professionals. The objectives of the workshop are to: Document gaps in health and social services provided to refugees and migrants as well as issues related to human trafficking among refugees and migrants.Share experiences among countries of the region in provision of health and social services to migrantsAdvocate human right approach in access to decent health and social services to refugees and migrants in Europe and southern Mediterranean countries.Plea for the implementation of the WHO code of ethics in international recruitment of health professionals. Presentations during the workshop: Human trafficking among refugees and migrants in Tunisia: By Dr. Belgacem Sabri.Health promotion for migrants in Morocco: Progress, challenges et prospects, By Pr. Abderrahmane Maaroufi.Brain drain of Tunisian competencies: The case of health professionals: By Pr. Lassaad Laabidi, and Dr Belgacem SabriMapping of access of refugees and migrants in Tunisia in access to social and health care services by Pr. Chokri Arfa. Key messages Advocate human right approach in access to decent health and social services to refugees and migrants in Europe and southern Mediterranean countries. Plea for the implementation of the WHO code of ethics in international recruitment of health professionals.
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"African Emigration to Europe." International Conference on Safe and Secure Society X, no. 2022 (January 13, 2023): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36682/sss_2022_6.
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From the 1960s onwards , the main source countries for migration from Africa to Europe were Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, which led to the emergence of large diasporas originating in these countries at the end of the 20th century. In the aftermath of the 1973 oil crisis, immigration controls in Europe were tightened. The result was not a reduction in migration from North Africa, but rather support for the permanent settlement of previously temporary migrants and related family migration. Much of this migration was from the Maghreb to France, the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany. Since the second half of the 1980s, destination countries for Maghreb migrants have expanded to include Spain and Italy due to increased demand for low-skilled labor in these countries. Spain and Italy imposed a visa requirement on migrants from the Maghreb in the early 1990s, resulting in an increase in illegal migration across the Mediterranean.
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"Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, April (August 1, 2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20063115682.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus. Geminiviridae: Begomovirus. Host: Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Italy, Spain), Asia (Jordan), and Africa (Tunisia).
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"Tomato apical stunt viroid. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 1) (July 1, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20083091297.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Tomato apical stunt viroid. Viroid: Pospiviroidae: Pospiviroid. Hosts: tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), Cestrum spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Germany, Netherlands), Asia (Indonesia, Israel), Africa (Cote d'Ivoire, Senegal, Tunisia).