Journal articles on the topic 'Tumors'
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GROSU, Luminiţa-Bianca, and Camelia DIACONU. "Cardiac Tumors." Annals of the Academy of Romanian Scientists Series of Medicine 3, no. 1 (2022): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.56082/annalsarscimed.2022.1.7.
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Cardiac tumors represent a rare and challenging clinical situation. They can be primary (benign or malignant) or secondary (metastatic). Secondary tumors are more frequent than the primary tumors. Most of the primary cardiac tumors are benign and originate from the endocardium or myocardium, while the metastatic tumors develop from lung, breast, kidney carcinoma, melanoma and lymphoma. The diagnosis of cardiac tumors is often difficult because of their rarity, variety and nonspecific symptoms. The clinical manifestations depend on tumor’s size, location, infiltration and consist of four categories: systemic manifestations, cardiac manifestations, embolic events, and metastatic manifestations. Echocardiography represents the main imaging technique used to detect cardiac masses. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used to achieve more information about tumor’s composition, extension, vascularization, and possibility of surgical treatment. The histological evaluation is necessary for a positive diagnosis and staging of the cardiac tumor. The treatment of cardiac tumors depends on the type of tumor and symptomatology.
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Mathew, George, and Shwetha Jose. "PRIMARY TUMORS AND TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS OF BONE IN CHILDREN." International Journal of Integrative Medical Sciences 4, no. 6 (November 3, 2017): 507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijims.2017.112.
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Salam, Kazi Shameemus, Samia Quadir, Md Momin Uddin, Syed Farhan Ali Razib, Md Abdus Sattar, Md Mosleh Uddin, and Belayat Hossain Siddiquee. "Surgical Outcome of Parapharyngeal Tumour." Bangladesh Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 27, no. 1 (April 28, 2021): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v27i1.53209.
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Background: Parapharyngeal tumours are rare accounting for 0.5-1.5% of all head neck tumuors. The anatomy of the Parapharyngeal space (PPS) is responsible for a wide variety of tumours arising from PPS.
Objective: Evaluation of the strategy for parapharyngeal tumor surgery based on preoperative symptoms, clinical signs, imaging investigations and histopathology.
Methodology: This retrospective study was carried out in the Department of Otolaryngology and Head Neck surgery in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) included 32 patients were underwent surgery for primary parapharyngeal tumors between January 2018 and December 2019. Informed written consent was obtained from the patients prior to their inclusion in the study. In regard to histologic type there were 21 cases salivary gland origin tumors and 11 of neurogenic tumors. The following data were evaluated preoperative symptoms, histological type, surgical approach and complications patients were evaluated following a laboratory investigations.
Results: The most common symptoms of these tumors were a neck swelling. Total of 18 tumors were located in the prestyloid and poststyloid space cases were located 10(31.25%) and 4(12.50%) in the pre and poststyloid. Majority 12(37.50%) was found pleomorphic adenomaof deep lobe of parotid gland followed by 6(18.75%) were schwannoma,4(12.50%) were neurofibroma, 3(9.38%) were ectopic salivary gland tumor,2(6.25%) were mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 2(6.25%) were adenocarcinoma. First bite syndrome and lower lip palsy were common post operative complications. Transcervical approach was the most often performed approach in this study (56.25%).
Conclusion: Parapharyngeal tumours most often derived from parotid gland. Most of them are non-malignant. Pleomorphic adenoma is the more common. Surgical resection being the main stay of treatment. Tumours of this complex anatomy call for careful preoperative planning and great skill for selecting the right approach and for management with minimal morbidity and recurrence.
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2021; 27(1): 66-72
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Welsh, Cynthia. "Glial Tumors." AJSP: Reviews and Reports 25, no. 2 (March 2020): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pcr.0000000000000364.
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Abstract Glial tumors comprise the majority of primary intra-axial intracranial tumors. Since its introduction in 2016, the revised fourth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system tumors has changed the diagnostic and therapeutic approach in glial tumors (WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System [revised fourth edition]; Lyon, France: IARC; 2016). Diffuse gliomas (WHO grades II–IV) are now molecularly stratified based on isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 or 2 mutation status and classified according to 1p/19q codeletion status into astrocytic or oligodendroglial type. Updates now occur faster than new editions of the WHO classification can be prepared, so updates are being issued by way of journal articles from a Consortium to Inform Molecular and Practical Approaches to CNS Tumor Taxonomy (Brain Pathol 2019;29(4):469–472).
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Olaya, Joffre E., Ravi Raghavan, Laura Totaro, and Alexander Zouros. "Pineal anlage tumor in a 5-month-old boy." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 5, no. 6 (June 2010): 636–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2010.2.peds09294.
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Pineal tumors are rare neoplasms that are categorized into pineoblastomas, pineocytomas, and pineal parenchymal tumors of intermediate differentiation. Pineal anlage tumors are primary pineal tumors with neuroepithelial and ectomesenchymal differentiation and without endodermal differentiation. The authors review the literature and report the case of a 5-month-old boy with a pineal anlage tumor. This is only the sixth case of a pineal anlage tumor reported in the English-language literature adding to the understanding of this tumor's presentation, immunomorphological and molecular characteristics, embryological origin, radiological appearance, treatment outcome, and prognosis.
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Vladova, Paulina, and Sergey Iliev. "Appendiceal neuroendocrine tumors - recent insights." International Journal of Surgery and Medicine 4, no. 3 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ijsm.appendiceal-neuroendocrine-tumors.
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Sharma, Manupriya, Anjali Soni, and Rashmi Kaul. "Histopathological pattern of ovarian neoplasms in Sub-Himalayan belt of rural India: a four-year study from a tertiary care teaching hospital." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 12 (November 23, 2017): 5448. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20175258.
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Background: Ovarian tumors are one of the ubiquitous and common forms of neoplasms in women. The aim of the study was to understand the pattern of benign and malignant ovarian neoplasms and their distribution in different age groups in rural population of India.Methods: A retrospective study conducted in the Department of Pathology in close collaboration with Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra at Tanda (HP), India. All the patients irrespective of age group who were operated for ovarian neoplasms (benign or malignant) were included in this retrospective analysis over duration of four years (2013 to 2016). “WHO classification system” was used, for classification of all these ovarian tumors. The incidence of these tumors with respect to age group was also studied.Results: During the study period (2013-2016), there were a total of 242 surgeries for ovarian neoplasms. Of these, majority of the tumours were benign 184 (76%), but an alarming number of women had malignant ovarian tumours 51 (21%), remaining 7 (3%) cases were borderline. Age wise distribution was 7% (16/242) in less than 20 years age, 19% (46/242) in 20-30 years age, 29% (69/242) in 30-40 years age group, 24% (59/242) in 40-50 years and remaining 21% (52/242) in more than 50 years age group. Pre-dominantly benign tumors were surface epithelial tumors (serous/ mucinous cystadenoma), germ cell tumors (mature cystic teratoma) and endometrioma. Major malignant tumors were surface epithelial tumors (serous/mucinous cystadeno-carcinoma), and germ cell tumors (dysgerminoma, immature teratoma).Conclusions: In this sub-Himalayan belt of rural India, the incidence of benign ovarian tumors was 76%. Borderline ovarian tumors were seen in 3% cases and the remaining 21% cases were malignant ones. Even though benign tumors were the commonest for each age group, however as the age of women increased the proportion of malignant tumors in them increased. Surface epithelial tumors are the most common class of tumors in both benign and malignant tumors. Serous cystadenoma is the most common ovarian tumor overall as well as most common benign tumor whereas serous cystadeno-carcinoma is most common malignancy. Stromal ovarian tumor (one case) is a rarity. Only one woman had bilateral ovarian tumor.
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Pathania, Anup Singh. "Immune Microenvironment in Childhood Cancers: Characteristics and Therapeutic Challenges." Cancers 16, no. 12 (June 12, 2024): 2201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers16122201.
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The tumor immune microenvironment is pivotal in cancer initiation, advancement, and regulation. Its molecular and cellular composition is critical throughout the disease, as it can influence the balance between suppressive and cytotoxic immune responses within the tumor’s vicinity. Studies on the tumor immune microenvironment have enriched our understanding of the intricate interplay between tumors and their immunological surroundings in various human cancers. These studies illuminate the role of significant components of the immune microenvironment, which have not been extensively explored in pediatric tumors before and may influence the responsiveness or resistance to therapeutic agents. Our deepening understanding of the pediatric tumor immune microenvironment is helping to overcome challenges related to the effectiveness of existing therapeutic strategies, including immunotherapies. Although in the early stages, targeted therapies that modulate the tumor immune microenvironment of pediatric solid tumors hold promise for improved outcomes. Focusing on various aspects of tumor immune biology in pediatric patients presents a therapeutic opportunity that could improve treatment outcomes. This review offers a comprehensive examination of recent literature concerning profiling the immune microenvironment in various pediatric tumors. It seeks to condense research findings on characterizing the immune microenvironment in pediatric tumors and its impact on tumor development, metastasis, and response to therapeutic modalities. It covers the immune microenvironment’s role in tumor development, interactions with tumor cells, and its impact on the tumor’s response to immunotherapy. The review also discusses challenges targeting the immune microenvironment for pediatric cancer therapies.
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Joaquim, Andrei Fernandes, Enrico Ghizoni, Marcelo Gomes Cordeiro Valadares, Simone Appenzeller, Simone dos Santos Aguiar, and Helder Tedeschi. "Spinal tumors in children." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 63, no. 5 (May 2017): 459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.63.05.459.
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Summary Introduction: Spinal tumors are rare in the pediatric population, presenting many specific peculiarities when compared to adults. We have performed a broad narrative review to describe the most common spinal tumors in children, discussing their main characteristics and management options. Method: The authors have performed an extensive review of the peer-reviewed literature addressing the aforementioned objectives. Results: Multimodality radiological studies (plain films, 3D computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging) are necessary for proper evaluation and differential diagnosis of spinal tumors in children. In selected cases nuclear medicine imaging is used to improve the chances of a more accurate diagnosis. As a general rule, a fine needle biopsy is recommended after radiological evaluation to confirm the tumor's histology. Primary bone tumors can be divided into benign bone tumors, mostly represented by vertebral hemangiomas, osteoid osteomas, osteoblastomas, aneurismal bone cysts, and eosinophilic granulomas, and malign or aggressive tumors, such as Ewing's or osteogenic sarcomas. Secondary bone tumors (spinal metastases) comprise different tumor histologies, and treatment is mainly based on tumor's radiosensitivity. The characteristics and treatment options of the main spinal tumors are discussed in details. Conclusion: Spinal tumors in children are rare lesions that demand a thorough understanding of their main characteristics for their proper management. Understanding the nuances of spinal tumors in children is of paramount importance for improving outcomes and chances of cure.
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Graham, Donald V., Donatella Tampieri, and Jean-Guy Villemure. "Intramedullary Dermoid Tumor Diagnosed with the Assistance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Neurosurgery 23, no. 6 (December 1, 1988): 765–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198812000-00016.
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Abstract Intramedullary dermoid tumors are unusual. Traditional methods of diagnosing spinal tumors have included clinical suspicion, plain roentgenography, myelography, and computed tomography. A case of intramedullary tumor provisionally diagnosed preoperatively by traditional methods and specifically as dermoid tumore with the assistance of magnetic resonance imaging is presented. Diagnosis and treatment of spinal dermoid tumors with an emphasis on magnetic resonance imaging is discussed.
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Mathisen, Douglas J. "Tracheal tumors." Journal of the Japanese Association for Chest Surgery 19, no. 3 (2005): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2995/jacsurg.19.301.
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Cotter, Jennifer A., and Alexander R. Judkins. "Evaluation and Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumors (Non-Medulloblastoma)." Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 25, no. 1 (January 2022): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10935266211018554.
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Since the 1990s, the sheer number of defined central nervous system (CNS) embryonal tumor entities has continuously increased, with the trend accelerating in the most recent editions of the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumours of the CNS. The introduction of increasingly specific tumor groups is an effort to create more internally homogeneous categories, to allow more precise prognostication, and potentially to develop targeted therapies. However, these ever-smaller categories within an already rare group of tumors pose a challenge for pediatric pathologists. In this article we review the current categorization of non-medulloblastoma CNS embryonal tumors (including atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor, cribriform neuroepithelial tumor, embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes, CNS neuroblastoma, FOXR2-activated, and CNS tumor with BCOR internal tandem duplication) and provide an overview of available ancillary techniques to characterize these tumors. We provide a practical approach to workup and development of an integrated diagnosis for CNS embryonal tumors.
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Novikova, Inna Arnoldovna, Galina Nerodo, and Anna Iurievna Mordan. "Comparative analysis of DNA-cytometric indices of primary and relapsing ovarian cencer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): e16558-e16558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e16558.
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e16558 Background: A ploidy of an average grade of aneuploidy cells and of proliferation index in ovarian tumor was studied. Methods: 21 patients with ovarian cancer of III-IV grades and 12 patients with acknowledged relapse of the disease aged from 46 to 67 to part in the research. We used CycleTEST PLUS DNA Reagent Kit (Becton Dickinson) for the analysis of DNA in the tumor’s tissues. Preparation of the tumor’s tissues was made with the use of disaggregating device BD Medimachine; after painting with propidium iodide (PI) we analyzed at flow cytofluorimeter BD Facs CantooII. Received data was processed with the help of computer program ModFit LT, allowing to analyze the ploidy and distribution of tumor’s cells according to phases of cellular cycle. Results: There was revealed the 2.5 times predominance of aneuploidy tumors over diploid in case of the relapse of the disease. The DNA index, different from 1.0, was registered in 83.3%, whereas there was noticed 33.3% primary ovarian tumors with aneuploidy content of DNA with predominance of diploidy tumors. There was noticed a tendency to the increase of aneuploidy cells during the relapse of the disease, where they made up 42.7±1.8%, whereas in primary ovarian tumors the share of aneuploidy cells was 40.4±1.6%. The index of proliferation of relapsing tumors was 1.8 times higher than this index of primary tumors, and made up 35.5±2.9 and 26.7±2.1 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: During the relapse of a tumor there is a predominance of aneuploidy tumors over diploid, the index of proliferation is higher in comparison with primary tumors.
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Itoh, K., T. Shiozawa, S. Ohira, S. Shiohara, and I. Konishi. "Correlation between MRI and histopathologic findings in stage I cervical carcinomas: influence of stromal desmoplastic reaction." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 16, no. 2 (March 2006): 610–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200603000-00023.
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Although the effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in depicting cervical carcinoma has been reported, whether MRI can detect early-stage or stage IB “occult”-type cervical carcinoma remained undetermined. We examined the correlation between MRI and pathologic findings in 38 stage I (IB 28 cases, IA 10 cases) cervical carcinoma patients, with special reference to the influence of desmoplastic stromal reaction around the tumor. The results demonstrated that the tumor was detected by MRI in none of stage IA patients but in 21 (75%) stage IB patients. The image was clearly demonstrated in 15 of 18 (83%) tumors of more than 2 cm in diameter and in 6 of 10 (60%) tumors of 2 cm or less. The tumor image was evident in 21 of 22 (95%) tumors with prominent (>200 μ) stromal reaction but in none of 6 tumors with minimal (≤200 μ) stromal reaction. These findings suggest that MRI is not useful for the detection of stage IA tumors. In stage IB tumors, however, the stromal reaction rather than the size of the tumor may influence the tumor's image in MRI.
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Zeitlberger, A. M., M. C. Neidert, N. Velez-Char, and T. Hundsberger. "P14.82 Glioneuronal tumors - a rare tumor entity with diagnostic and therapeutic challenges: report of two cases and review of literature." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_2 (September 1, 2021): ii54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab180.186.
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Abstract BACKGROUND The 2007 WHO classification of brain tumors first encompassed two new entities of glioneuronal tumors, including papillary glioneuronal tumors (PGNT) and rosette-forming glioneuronal tumours. The reviewed version of the 2016 WHO classification additionally included diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumours. The histopathological, genetic, and clinical understanding of glioneuronal tumors is currently evolving, however there are no guidelines for diagnostic and clinical management yet. MATERIAL AND METHODS We report two male patients with glioneuronal tumors and performed a review of literature. RESULTS The first patient was diagnosed with a PGNT (MIB-1 proliferation index = 5%) located in the right parietal lobe at the age of 33 years and received surgical resection. Two years later, the tumor recurred in the same location. A second tumor resection was performed followed by concomitant radiochemotherapy with temozolomide (60/2 Gray). A next-generation sequencing gene panel (Oncomine) confirmed the initial diagnosis of a PGNT. The patient has remained in remission for the past 10 years. The second patient developed complex partial seizures which were first misdiagnosed as anxiety disorder at the age of 26 years. An MRI scan revealed a contrast-enhancing bifrontal cystic lesions 5 years later and he received a gross total tumor resection. The diagnosis of a glioneuronal tumor was made, however molecular pathology and methylation analysis were not able to classify the tumor entity further. There was no evidence of tumor recurrence one year after surgery and he remained seizure-free with antiepileptic treatment. CONCLUSION Glioneuronal tumors encompass rare and heterogenous tumor entities which primarily present in young patients and often show a favorable clinical course. Although the increasing number of reports in the literature have improved our understanding of these tumors, uncertainty remains in diagnostic challenging cases and patients with progressive disease after surgery. The value of next-generation sequencing and the choice of adjuvant treatment modalities have not been systematically evaluated in this patient group.
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He, Shaoqiu, Camille Alba, Savannah Kounelis-Wuillaume, Teri J. Franks, Martin L. Doughty, Robert F. Browning, Craig D. Shriver, Clifton L. Dalgard, and Matthew D. Wilkerson. "Abstract 1142: Spatial decomposition of lung adenocarcinoma expression subtypes reveals tumor microenvironment characteristics." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (March 22, 2024): 1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-1142.
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Abstract The expression subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) capture tumors with distinct pathway activity, mutations and histopathology and also differentiate clinical outcomes. The microenvironments of these subtypes, proximal-inflammatory (PI), proximal-proliferative (PP), and terminal respiratory unit (TRU), have been described generally as immune hot, immune moderate and immune cold, respectively, but otherwise have not been analyzed at high resolution. Here, we aimed to characterize and compare tumor microenvironments between LUAD subtypes. Using spatially barcoded arrays and cDNA libraries (10x Genomics), we sequenced the spatial transcriptomes of a 6.5mm2 plane of 14 LUAD tumors from the Applied Proteogenomics and Organizational Learning Outcomes (APOLLO) program. Spatial transcriptomes had a median of 3,560 spots and a median of 4,026 genes detected per spot. First, collapsing the spatial array to a bulk measurement per sample, we applied our published expression subtype predictor classifying 4 PI, 5 PP, and 5 TRU cases. We then decomposed each tumor’s spatial expression profile by unsupervised clustering, followed by signature scoring and collapsing into tumor, immune, and stroma tumor microenvironment (TME) components. Twelve of the fourteen tumors harbored multiple components while two tumors had one component. The region areas of TME components showed trends among the subtypes, with PI having the greatest immune area and PP having the greatest tumor area. Within each tumor, we calculated differentially-expressed genes between each TME component. Comparing TME genes to the subtype predictor genes, we found significant overlap (chi-square p << 0.001). This indicates that genes that are variable among bulk tumors also have variability within tumors. We then predicted expression subtype for decomposed compartments. Five tumors had the same expression subtype across their TME components, which we refer to as single subtype tumors. However, six tumors had more than one expression subtype prediction among the tumor’s TME components, which we call ‘multi-subtype tumors’. Multi-subtype tumors had lower bulk subtype prediction scores than single-subtype tumors (p < 0.01), indicating that the TME diversity among tumors affects the bulk expression subtype. Interestingly, the six multi-subtype tumors were in the PP and PI subtypes, suggesting greater TME component diversity than TRU. Calculating the spatial compactness of the tumors through continuity indices, we found that PI subtype trended with greater intermixing of TME components. In summary, the bulk LUAD expression subtypes capture differences between tumors and within tumors related to the tumor microenvironment. The views expressed in this abstract are solely of the authors and do not reflect the official policy of the Departments of Army/Navy/Air Force, Department of Defense, USUHS, HJF, or U.S. Government. Citation Format: Shaoqiu He, Camille Alba, Savannah Kounelis-Wuillaume, Teri J. Franks, Martin L. Doughty, Robert F. Browning, Craig D. Shriver, Clifton L. Dalgard, APOLLO Research Network, Matthew D. Wilkerson. Spatial decomposition of lung adenocarcinoma expression subtypes reveals tumor microenvironment characteristics [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 1142.
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Leelamma, Jayalakshmy Payippat, and Bhavya P. Mohan. "Spectrum of primary epithelial tumors of major salivary glands: a 5 year record based descriptive study from a tertiary care centre." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 4, no. 2 (March 23, 2017): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20171061.
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Background: Salivary gland tumors constitute a highly heterogeneous histopathologic group. There are few epidemiological studies of large series of benign and malignant epithelial tumors of major salivary glands in South India.Methods: This is a retrospective study in a tertiary care centre in Kerala, South India. A total of 180 epithelial neoplasms of major salivary gland were studied over a 5 year period. In each case age, sex, anatomical location and histopathological diagnosis were recorded.Results: Patients with benign and malignant tumors presented with a mean age of 52.3 and 55.9 years respectively. The frequency of benign tumors was 80.6% (n = 145) and of malignant tumors was 19.4% (n = 35). There was a higher prevalence of tumors in males 60.6% (n = 109) than in females 39.4% (n = 71). 91.9% (n = 164) of the tumors were localized in the parotid gland, 8.3% (n = 15) in the submandibular gland and 0.6% (n = 1) in the sublingual gland. The most common benign tumors were Pleomorphic adenoma (48.9%, n = 88) and Warthin’s tumor (28.9%, n = 52). Among malignant tumors, Mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common (9.5%, n = 17) followed by Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (2.8%, n = 5) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (2.2%, n = 4).Conclusions: Parotid gland was the most common site of both benign and malignant tumours. Plemorphic adenoma was the most common benign tumor and mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common malignant tumor.
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Pieczewska, Barbara, Kamila Glińska-Suchocka, Wojciech Niżański, and Michał Dzięcioł. "Decreased Size of Mammary Tumors Caused by Preoperative Treatment with Aglepristone in Female Domestic Dogs (Canis familiaris) Do Not Influence the Density of the Benign Neoplastic Tissue Measured Using Shear Wave Elastography Technique." Animals 11, no. 2 (February 18, 2021): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11020527.
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Shear wave elastography (SWE) can be useful to discriminate between malignant and benign mammary tumors. In dogs with elevated progesterone levels compared to the baseline and fast-growing tumors, treatment with the use of aglepristone allows for tumor size reduction, which facilitates surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the preoperative treatment of benign mammary tumors (BMTs), performed with the use of aglepristone, on the density of the tumor tissue measured by SWE. Twelve female dogs with diagnosed BMTs and increased levels of progesterone were treated with aglepristone (Alizine, Virbac, France) at 10 mg/kg s.c. (Subcutaneous injection). twice, with a 24 h interval. The density of the tumor was evaluated by SWE before and after the treatment. The type of tumor was evaluated by fine needle aspiration cytology before treatment, and a histopathological examination was made after surgical removal, performed after the aglepristone treatment. In all the cases, a significant reduction in the mammary tumor’s size was observed following treatment, with no influence on the density of the tumor’s tissue measured by SWE. Similar studies on malignant mammary tumors are warranted to verify if in these cases, density will also be a constant parameter that is not dependent on the tumor size.
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Kim, Dong-Ju, Lee-Chan Jang, Jae-Woon Choi, and Jin-Woo Park. "Retroperitoneal Tumors Mimicking Adrenal Tumor." Korean Journal of Endocrine Surgery 12, no. 1 (2012): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.16956/kjes.2012.12.1.31.
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Millichap, J. Gordon, and John J. Millichap. "Tumors and Tumor-Related Epilepsy." Pediatric Neurology Briefs 28, no. 2 (February 1, 2014): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15844/pedneurbriefs-28-2-1.
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Eriksson, Barbro, Kjell Öberg, and Mats Stridsberg. "Tumor Markers in Neuroendocrine Tumors." Digestion 62, no. 1 (2000): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000051853.
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Gandhi, Sapna, Anita Meena, Anita Harsh, Sunil Choudhary, Sunil Kumar Meena, and Sonu Dhayal. "A Cross Sectional Study of Clinical and Histopathological Spectrum of Pediatric Brain Tumours." Saudi Journal of Pathology and Microbiology 7, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjpm.2022.v07i04.006.
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Introduction: Brain tumors are the most common tumor of the childhood and the second most common malignancies after haematological malignancies. Childhood central nervous system (CNS) tumors differ significantly from adult brain tumors in reference to their sites of origin, clinical presentation, tendency to disseminate early, histological features and their biological behaviour. Aims and Objective: Analyse the Clinical and histopathological spectrum of brain tumors, in pediatric patients ≤18 year of age. Materials and Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted at the department of pathology, SMS medical college, Jaipur from January 2020 to October 2021. This is a laboratory based descriptive type of observational study and data of brain tumors in children equal or less than 18 year of age procured and their clinico-histopathological spectrum were analyszed. Result: In our study, Out of 116 patients 51.8 % were male and 48.2 % were female. Mean age for the male cases were 10.11 and for female cases were 9.78. we observed intracranial pediatric tumors 67 cases (57.7%) were located in infratentorial region and 49 cases (43.3%) were located in supratentorial region and incidence for intracranial tumor was 39(33.62%) cases of astrocytomas followed by 25 (21.55%)cases of medulloblastoma, 20 (17.24%)cases of ependymoma, 13 (11.20%) cases of craniopharyngioma, 5 (4.31%) cases of pituitary adenoma, 4 (3.44%) cases of meningioma, 3 (2.58%) cases of embryonal and choroid plexus tumor, 2 (1.72%) cases of ganglioglioma and 1 (0.86%) case of Schwannoma and PNET. In this article, Based on tumor location, the symptoms of CNS tumors on the supratentorial region were headache (22 cases, 44.8%), impaired vision (10 cases, 20.4%), seizures (6 cases, 12.2%), vomiting (4 cases, 8.1%). Symptoms of CNS tumors on the infratentorial region were headache (48 cases, 71.6%), vomiting (5 cases, 7.4%), impaired vision (4 cases, 5.9%), seizures (3 cases, 4.4%). Conclusion: Infratentorial cases, maximum number of cases were medulloblastomas and supratentorial cases, maximum number of cases were astrocytic tumours. Overall astrocytic tumours in all senses constituted the most common group of CNS tumours. Within astrocytoma, low grade astrocytoma (grade I & II) was most common CNS paediatric tumour.
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Zarev, Miloš, Pavle Pešić, and Zoran Pešić. "Incidence and distribution of different histopathological types of salivary gland tumors in Southeastern Serbia: A three-year unicentre retrospective study." Acta stomatologica Naissi 39, no. 88 (2023): 2653–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/asn2388653z.
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Introduction: Salivary gland tumors represent a group of heterogeneous lesions. In Serbia, data on salivary gland tumors, their incidence, and the distribution of certain histopathological types are scarce. Aim was to present data on salivary gland tumours in Southeast Serbia. Material and Methods: A clinical retrospective study was used to analyse data from the medical records of patients with salivary gland tumors treated at the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery of the Dental Clinic in Niš, from 2012 to 2014. Results: In the case of benign tumors, Warthin's tumor occurred more often in men, and pleomorphic adenoma in women. Considering the significantly lower number of malignant tumors, no statistically significant differences in their frequency of occurrence between men and women were found. In the small salivary glands, the incidence of tumors was significantly lower, and no statistically significant differences were found in the involvement of individual glands. Salivary gland tumors occurred with a similar frequency in men and women of all ages. Malignant tumors were more common in the elderly, while benign tumors occurred more often in the middle decades of life. The occurrence of benign and malignant tumors did not differ between the sexes. Conclusion: Benign tumors of the salivary glands are far more common than malignant ones, and that both occur more often in the large salivary glands. The most common benign tumors are Warthin's tumor and pleomorphic adenoma, and the most common malignant tumors are mucoepidermoid carcinoma and salivary duct carcinoma in the general population.
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Zhang, Zhiyu, Yingqi Hua, Guodong Li, Wei Sun, Shuo Hu, Jian Li, and Zhengdong Cai. "Preliminary proposal for surgical classification of sacral tumors." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 13, no. 5 (November 2010): 651–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2010.5.spine09443.
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ObjectThe authors propose a new surgical classification method for sacral tumors that improves the guidance for specific surgical decisions and approaches.MethodsThe authors retrospectively studied the clinical courses of 92 patients with sacral tumors treated at the Changhai Hospital; all patients underwent tumor resection between January 2000 and August 2005. The clinical characteristics, imaging features, and pathological classifications were carefully assessed in each case. The tumors were classified according to the imaging features and intraoperative findings. The surgical approach and the resection area were determined according to the tumor classification.ResultsThe proposed surgical classification system divided the sacral tumors into 2 major types according to the lesion's anatomical position in the sagittal plane. The tumors were further divided into 4 subtypes according to the length of the tumor's anterior protrusion into the pelvic cavity. Finally, each tumor subtype was classified into 16 areas according to the anatomical position in the cross-sectional plane. This classification method was used to categorize the sacral tumors, all of which were totally resected under the naked eye. Postoperatively symptoms were improved to varying degrees.ConclusionsThe appropriate classification of sacral tumors and the selection of a corresponding surgical approach can improve the rate of total resection and the surgical safety, as well as decrease the recurrence rate.
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Swarnkar, Neha, Srinivasan Venkataraman, and Prasanna Kumar Saravanam. "Salivary gland tumours: a retrospective study at a tertiary care centre in South India." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 7, no. 5 (April 23, 2021): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20211576.
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<p><strong>Background:</strong> Salivary gland tumors are morphologically and histologically diverse group of lesions and their frequency varies in several parts of the world. Better understanding of these tumours will help in assessing the behaviour and outcomes of lesions of this region. The aim of this study was to analyse the charactertistics of different tumours occurring in the salivary gland in a tertiary care centre in South India.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective study was conducted of salivary gland tumors diagnosed from the year 2015 to 2020. Patient age and gender, tumor site and frequency, histopathological diagnosis were evaluated and analysed.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 36 salivary gland tumor cases was identified, 30 (87.3%) of which were classified as benign and 6 (12.7%) as malignant. Most tumors occurred in the parotid gland (81.3%). Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common tumor in 23 patients (63.8%), followed by warthins tumour. The tumors occurred more often in women than men.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of the present study reinforce prevalence of salivary gland tumours. The parotid gland is the most common location and pleomorphic adenoma are the most frequent lesions. The malignant tumors also can occur in these glands and good clinical suspicion is necessary.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
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Sreekumar, Surabhi, K. J. Raghunath, S. Vijayalakshmi, and Sneha . "A case of successfully resected Shamblin type III carotid body tumour without vascular reconstruction." International Surgery Journal 10, no. 8 (July 28, 2023): 1425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20232347.
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Carotid body tumours (CBT) are rare vascular neoplasms arising from the bifurcation of the common carotid artery, and are benign tumors with low incidence, slow growth, and low rate for malignant transformation. A rare functional CBT may produce neuroendocrine secretions causing catecholamine-related symptoms, such as palpitations, headaches, hypertension, tachycardia, or flushing. These tumours have classic radiographic features. These lesions splay apart the internal (ICA) and external carotid arteries (ECA), and as it enlarges, it will encase, but not narrow the ICA and ECA-Lyre’s sign. If a diagnosis of CBT is suspected following a detailed physical examination, the diagnosis is almost always established by radiological imaging methods such as duplex ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT) angiography, magnetic resonance (MR) angiography, and digital subtraction angiography. These tumours were classified by Shamblin, according to the gross tumor vessel relationship and was based on the radiology, intraoperative findings and postoperative specimen examination. Group 1 tumors were minimally attached to the vessels and easily resectable. Group 2 tumors seemed to partially surround the vessel and were more adherent to vessel adventitia. These tumors were difficult to dissect but amenable to careful resection. Shamblin group 3 tumors had an intimate adherent relationship to the entire circumference of the carotid bifurcation and are usually inoperable. Surgical excision still remains the gold standard therapeutic modality for the treatment of CBTs. Radiotherapy is an alternative treatment modality which may decrease the tumor size or stop its growth. It is recommended for patients who cannot undergo surgery on account of extensive involvement, multiple tumors, and high operative and anesthetic risk.
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Utomo, Endi Suryo, Happy Kurnia Broto Arianto, Ajid Risdianto, Dody Priambada, Erie Bambang Priyono Setyabudi Andar, Zainal Muttaqin, Muhamad Thohar Arifin, Krisna Tsaniadi Prihastomo, and Yuriz Bakhtiar. "Surgical epidemiology of spinal cord tumors at Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia." Bali Medical Journal 12, no. 2 (July 4, 2023): 2100–2105. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v12i2.4450.
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Link of Video Abstract: https://youtu.be/JhROjWPKuAc Background: Primary spinal cord tumors are rare central nervous system tumors that could develop at any age and have different management strategies based on the histopathological types. However, there is a lack of literature in Indonesia regarding the epidemiology and surgical treatment of patients with spinal cord tumors. This study aims to review and address the incidence of primary spinal cord tumors in Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using medical records of patients with spinal cord tumors at Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Central Java, from 2019 to 2022. The frequency of each tumor, classified by gender, age, histologic type, anatomical position, and location based on vertebral segment, was analyzed to provide a descriptive result. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 for Windows. Results: A total of 125 patients were identified with the mean age of patients being 43.95 ± 15.28 years old and a slight predominance of males (52.00%). Schwannoma (26.40%) and meningioma (24.80%) were the two most common histological types of tumors. Most of the tumor was intradural extramedullary (47.20%) and at the level of thoracic vertebrae (46.80%). The histologic type of the tumors was found to be associated with the patient’s age and the tumor’s anatomical position. Conclusion: The incidence of spinal cord tumors in Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, is dominated by meningioma and schwannoma, mostly located at the thoracal level with an intradural extramedullary position. There is a significant association between the histological type of tumor and the patient's age and the location of the tumor
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Khanam, Shafeya, Maliha Rashid, Zebunnessa Parvin, Shahnaz Akter Jahan, Mirza Md Asaduzzaman, Samar Chandra Saha, and Nahid Reaz. "Histological Variants of Ovarian Tumour in Bangladeshi Women." Ibrahim Cardiac Medical Journal 5, no. 1-2 (April 12, 2017): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icmj.v5i1-2.53698.
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Objective: Types of ovarian tumour are widely divergent and no age group is immune from ovarian tumour; but certain ages are more vulnerable to develop certain types of tumours. By far, very few studies describing the histological types and subtypes of ovarian tumour in the context of Bangladeshi population have been conducted. The present study was intended to find the histological variants of ovarian tumours in our women.
Methods: The present study was carried out in Dhaka Medical College Hospital between July 2001 to June 2002. The total number of patients admitted with a clinical diagnosis of ovarian tumour during the study period was 238, while the total number of gynaecological admissions was 3189. In the present study every alternate patients of ovarian tumour who consented to participate in the study were included as long as 110 cases were met. After admission, history and clinical presentation were recorded and every case was followed till discharge. Provisional diagnosis was made clinically and by ultrasound when 14 cases were excluded for they did not have ovarian tumour at all. The remaining 96 cases were operated and were confirmed by operative and histopathological findings.
Results: In the present study proportion of ovarian tumours was 6.52% of all gynecological admissions. The mean age of the patients was found to be 39.5 ± 6.3 years. The peak age incidence of benign ovarian tumors was found to lie between 21-50 years. Malignant ovarian tumors, however was found more commonly after the age of 50 years. After histopathological confirmation of the precise nature of the 96 ovarian tumors, it was found that benign tumour comprised 77% of the cases with malignant tumors occurring in the rest 23%. Among them tumours of epithelial origin formed 70.8% of all ovarian tumors, germ cell tumors 25% and sex-cord stromal tumours made up 4.2%. Among the epithelial tumors, serous tumors were most frequently seen (61.7%), followed by mucinous tumors (35.3%). The percentage of benign serous cystadenomas was 35.5%. The ratio between serous and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma was almost 2:1. Germ cell tumour found in this study was of moderate frequency (25%). Among them 15.6% were mature teratoma (dermoid cyst) followed by 5.2% dysgerminoma. Endodermal sinus tumors were relatively low (3.1%) and there was a case of immature or malignant teratoma. Sex-cord-stromal tumours were of lowest frequency (4.2%) and classified as ovarian fibroma, granulosa-cell tumor and Krukenberg tumour.
Conclusion: The study concluded that benign tumour comprised three-quarters of all ovarian tumours with the rest being malignant. Tumours of epithelial origin forms the main bulk, germ cell tumors about one-quarter and sex-cord stromal and metastatic tumors the least. Among the epithelial tumors, serous tumors were most frequently seen, followed by mucinous tumors.
Ibrahim Card Med J 2015; 5 (1&2): 40-44
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Abdel-Wanis, Mohamed El-Sayed, Hiroyuki Tsuchiya, Norio Kawahara, and Katsuro Tomita. "GROWTH AFTER RUBBING BY TUMOR CUT SURFACE: COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN THREADWIRE SAW-CUT AND BLUNTLY-CUT TUMORS." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 07, no. 01 (March 2003): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957703000958.
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Spondylectomy for extripation of spinal tumors would be performed through piecemeal excision or by total en bloc spondylectomy with cutting at the neural arch by the threadwire saw (T-saw) that is sometimes inevitably intralesional. The purpose of this study was to compare the potential for tumor growth after rubbing of the cut surface of tumors cut by either T-saw or blunt instrument against the subcutaneous tissues of nude mice. Tumors were prepared by subcutaneous injection of human HT 1080 fibrosarcoma cells in nude mice. The animals were sacrificed, and tumors were harvested en bloc and cut with either a T-saw or artery forceps. A 3-cm wound was created on the backs of other (plain) nude mice. The tumor's cut surface was rubbed for 10 seconds against the subcutaneous tissue of one of these nude mice. The wounds were then sutured. Tumor blocks were inoculated into other nude mice. Nude mice were followed for occurrence of tumor growth. Tumor growth occurred in all nude mice after block inoculation. The incidence of tumor growth after rubbing with the tumor surfaces cut with T-saw and artery forceps were 16.7% and 58.3% respectively (P = 0.035). Onset of tumor growth after tumor rubbing and inoculation of tumor blocks were 30.1 ± 25 and 12.2 ± 5 days respectively (P = 0.015). Rubbing of T-saw-cut tumor surface has less possibility of causing tumor growth than rubbing of surface of bluntly-cut tumors.
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Vohra, Nikita V., Cyrus Dara Jokhi, and Sujata R. Kanetkar. "Clinicopathological study of benign ovarian tumuors." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 8 (July 25, 2018): 2750. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20183263.
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Background: The incidence of ovarian tumor amongst gynecological admissions have been reported to vary from 1-3 %. About 75% of these tumors have been found to be benign. Ovarian malignancies represent the greatest clinical challenge of all the gynecological malignancies. During the reproductive years most of the ovarian tumors encountered are benign. About 2/3 of the ovarian tumors are encountered in this group only. The chance that an ovarian tumor is malignant in a patient younger than 45 years is 1 in 15. The differentiation of the benign from malignant tumors can go wrong even with imaging modalities.CA125 along with ultrasound are useful in differentiating benign from malignant tumors. Histopathological examination is gold standard for diagnosis of ovarian neoplasm.Methods: The present study includes consecutive cases of histopathologically proven ovarian tumors of 3 years from June 2010 to May 2013 reported by the Department of Pathology of our tertiary care center. It includes total 150 cases. After careful study of gross findings, appropriate bits were taken from received ovarian specimen, followed by routine paraffin processing to make H and E stained slides. Special stains were used wherever needed.Results: Majority of the cases 91 (60.67%) were benign, 53 (35.33%) were malignant and 6 (4.0%) were borderline. Surface epithelial tumours were the most common type (68.13%) of ovarian neoplasm in this study. Most of tumours in our study occurred in the age group of 21-40 years. Mucinous cystadenomas were most common benign surface epithelial tumour and most common benign tumors overall. There were 22 cases of benign germ cell tumor, all were mature teratoma. All the sex-cord stromal tumours were diagnosed in women older than 40 years. Most common benign lesion in our study is surface epithelial tumour and in age group of 21-40 years. 84% patients studied had symptoms at presentation, out of which 26% of patient presented with dull/dragging pain. Pan hysterectomy was the most common procedure for surgical management.Conclusions: Most of ovarian neoplasm are benign with mucinous cystadenoma being commonest entity. Commonest age group is 21-40 years. Commonest benign germ cell tumor is Mature cystic teratoma. Commonest clinical symptom is dull/dragging pain. Pan hysterectomy was the most common procedure for surgical management.
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Sarmiento, Beatriz E., Santiago Callegari, Kemel A. Ghotme, and Veronica Akle. "Patient-Derived Xenotransplant of CNS Neoplasms in Zebrafish: A Systematic Review." Cells 11, no. 7 (April 2, 2022): 1204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11071204.
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Glioblastoma and neuroblastoma are the most common central nervous system malignant tumors in adult and pediatric populations. Both are associated with poor survival. These tumors are highly heterogeneous, having complex interactions among different cells within the tumor and with the tumor microenvironment. One of the main challenges in the neuro-oncology field is achieving optimal conditions to evaluate a tumor’s molecular genotype and phenotype. In this respect, the zebrafish biological model is becoming an excellent alternative for studying carcinogenic processes and discovering new treatments. This review aimed to describe the results of xenotransplantation of patient-derived CNS tumors in zebrafish models. The reviewed studies show that it is possible to maintain glioblastoma and neuroblastoma primary cell cultures and transplant the cells into zebrafish embryos. The zebrafish is a suitable biological model for understanding tumor progression and the effects of different treatments. This model offers new perspectives in providing personalized care and improving outcomes for patients living with central nervous system tumors.
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Castellanos, Luz, Catherine Gutierrez, Timothy Smith, and Bryan Iorgulescu. "EPID-14. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ADULT PITUITARY TUMORS IN THE U.S. ACCORDING TO THE 2017 WHO CLASSIFICATION OF ENDOCRINOLOGY TUMOURS." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_6 (November 2, 2021): vi88—vi89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab196.347.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION Among adult intracranial tumors, the pituitary represents a frequent site of origin. We examine their contemporary epidemiology with a particular focus on uncommon pituitary tumor types. METHODS Adult patients presenting with pituitary or sellar tumors between 2004-2017 were identified from the U.S. National Cancer Database (comprising >70% of newly-diagnosed cancers). Their epidemiology was assessed in the context of the 2017 WHO Classification of Endocrine Tumours. RESULTS 12.5% of adult intracranial tumors arose in the pituitary region. 113,352 adults with pituitary tumors were identified. Histopathological diagnosis was obtained in only 59% of cases, in which 93% were pituitary adenomas and 6% were craniopharyngiomas. Among craniopharyngiomas, 71% were adamantinomatous and 29% were papillary, between which there were no differences in age, sex, or tumor size—however, papillary craniopharyngiomas were less common among Black nonHispanic patients (p< 0.001). Among the remaining 1% (n=680) of pituitary tumors, posterior pituitary tumors comprised 21%, chordomas 16%, meningiomas 15%, pituitary carcinomas 11%, GCTs 10%, hematolymphoid 8%, other mesenchymal and stromal 7%, neuronal/paraneuronal 6%, and schwannoma 4%. Meningiomas (84%), mesenchymal/stromal (64%), and neuronal/paraneuronal (64%) tumors displayed a female predominance, whereas GCTs (75%) and pituitary carcinomas (62%) exhibited a male predominance. Age at diagnosis, tumor size, and race/ethnicity varied widely across uncommon tumor types. We further examined the subtypes of uncommon pituitary tumors: for sellar chordomas, 19% were chordoid and none were dedifferentiated; for sellar meningiomas, 94% were grade I; for pituitary GCTs, 79% were pure germinomas; for hematolymphoid, 52% were DLBCL, 11% were plasmacytomas, and 9% were Langerhans cell histiocytosis; for neuronal/paraneuronal, 64% were gangliocytomas; and for mesenchymal tumors, 53% were vascular and 16% were SFTs/HPCs. CONCLUSIONS Using national registry data, we provide a detailed dissection of the epidemiology of adult pituitary tumors, with a particular focus on examining uncommon pituitary tumor types in the context of WHO2017.
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Kakulapati, V. "ANALYSIS OF TUMOR DETECTION USING UNETS AND VGG16 WEIGHTS." Journal of Medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences 10, no. 4 (September 15, 2021): 3191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jmpas.v10i4.1108.
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Tumor detection from Brain MRI images Abstract: Detecting tumors in the human brain has become the most challenging medical science issue. Recognition of tumors in MRIs is vital as it offers the aberrant relevant data for therapeutic interventions. MRI includes details on malignant tissue. An abnormal tissue growing and multiplying in the brain is a brain tumor. Physical examination is the standard approach for brain tumor identification, which takes much time and is not accurate every time. So, automated brain tumor identification methods are establishing to save time. Image segmentation utilizes to detect the brain's abnormal portion, which gives the tumor's location. This work uses the UNETS with VGG16 weights model to see and segment tumors from the rest of the brain tissue. The accurate detection of the tumors helps reduce the delay between diagnostic testing and therapy. Therefore, there is a significant demand for computer algorithms to be precise, speedy, time-efficient, and dependable. The technology described relates to detecting and analyzing brain cancers automatically via U-Net and the VGG16 CNN.
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Dhumal, Miss Sonali Bharat, and Prof M. S. Tamboli. "Fuzzy Clustering Approach for Brain Tumor Detection." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43545.
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Abstract: This paper focuses on using a simple algorithm to detect the range and shape of tumors in brain MR images and to determine the stage of the tumor from the given tumor region. Tumors are uncontrolled tissue growth that can occur in any section of the body. Tumors come in a number of varieties, each tumor type has its own set of characteristics and treatment options. Because of its nature in confined space ofthe cerebral cavity, brain tumors are inherently dangerous and life-threatening (space formed inside the skull).According to the studies carried out in developed countries, an increasing number of people with brain tumors have perished as a result of faulty detection. In most cases, a CT scan or MRI focusing on the cerebral cavity yields a comprehensive view of the brain. Some general risk factors and symptoms was established after extensiveresearch and statistical analysis based on those people who are affected by brain tumors. The growth of technology in science day and night aims to provide new therapeutic approaches. The clinician examines this imaging method for the purpose of detecting and diagnosing a brain tumor. However, this method helps to accurately predict the size of the tumor, as well as the stage of the tumor from the tumor’s location is detected during the process. The k-means and fuzzy c-means are the algorithms that are used in this study to segment brain tumors from the given brain tumor image. This method enables the accurate and repeatable segmentation of tumor tissue, comparable to manual segmentation. Furthermore, it cuts down on analysis time and detects tumor stage from a particular tumor region. Finally, create a system that uses Java to identify the tumor stage thatis easier to use, less expensive, and saves time. Index Terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI),Fuzzy Ap- proach, Interval Type-II Fuzzy Logic System (IT2FLS); Tumor identification. Pre-processing, K-means
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Abdullazade, Samir, Kemal Kosemehmetoglu, Ilknur Adanir, Lale Kutluay, and Alp Usubutun. "Uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors: synchronous uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors and ovarian sex cord tumor." Annals of Diagnostic Pathology 14, no. 6 (December 2010): 432–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2010.07.001.
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Engelke, Hanna. "Physics of the Extracellular Matrix and Biology of Tumors — A Close Relationship." Biophysical Reviews and Letters 15, no. 03 (July 23, 2020): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793048020300030.
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The physical properties of the extracellular matrix strongly influence tumor progression and malignancy. This impact can be direct by physically impeding or promoting tumor progression. Furthermore, the ECM properties can also indirectly modulate tumors via interaction with cellular signaling pathways, such as integrin or YAP/TAZ signaling. Conversely, tumors remodel and rebuild the extracellular matrix. This leads to a strong mutual influence of tumor and extracellular matrix including feedback loops and cascades of mutual interaction. Combinations of therapies that treat tumor signaling directly and indirectly via modulation of the tumor’s interaction with the extracellular matrix may thus leverage the success of cancer therapy.
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Markam, Miss Surbhi. "Tumors of Kidney." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-2 (February 28, 2019): 663–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd21438.
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Anghelescu, D., E. Popescu, A. Cursaru, A. Dimitriu, R. Ene, and C. Cîrstoiu. "Transarterial Embolization Treatment of Sacral Tumors." Romanian Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology 1, Supplement (June 1, 2018): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rojost-2018-0046.
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Abstract Objectives. Sacral tumors represent about 1-4,3% of all bone tumors. They typically present with an abundance of blood vessels. Due to their anatomical localization, they are hard to approach surgically. Thus, a presurgical neoadjuvant therapy is indicated. The preoperative angiography with the embolization of the nutritive arteries decreases the perioperative blood loss and the symptomatology, and even decreases the volume of the tumors that cannot be surgically approached. Materials and methods. The principle of embolization consists in the targeting of the nutritive tumoral artery and in obturating it with embolic agents (polyvinyl alcohol, embospheres, etc.) through selective catheterization under angiographic control. The biopsy of the tumor is essential for certain diagnosis. The histological type of the tumor and the degree of differentiation influence the tumor’s physiopathology and often influence the therapeutic decision regarding its degree or recurrence. In some cases in which the tumor’s degree of extension increases the surgical risk, serial embolization can be used as a primary method of treatment. Because of the late onset symptomatology, when they are discovered they are extended and the degree of invasion in adjacent tissues is so high that it requires en bloc resection with nerve root sacrifice to assert complete excision and low recurrence rates. Results. The patients who undergo surgical treatment usually bleed, and the perioperative blood loss and the need for blood transfusion volumes were halved in the cases in which presurgical transarterial embolization was performed. Conclusions. Transarterial embolization of sacral tumors is a procedure indicated as a neoadjuvant presurgical therapy to decrease the blood loss risks and for the tumors that cannot be surgically removed it is used in the palliative treatment to reduce symptomatology.
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Choudhury, Madhusmita, Monoj K. Deka, and Shah A. Sheikh. "Histopathological evaluation of ovarian tumours in southern part of Assam." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 9, no. 4 (March 26, 2021): 1090. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20211356.
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Background: Ovarian malignancy is the second most common cancer of the female reproductive system and the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancy. With increase in longevity, the incidence of epithelial ovarian cancer is increasing and its etiopathology remains unknown. A female’s risk at birth of having ovarian tumour sometime in her life is 6-7%. Two third of ovarian tumours occur in women of reproductive age group. The aim was to study the distribution of morphological pattern of benign, malignant, and nonneoplastic lesions of the ovary in different age groups and to determine the likelihood of bilateral involvement in different morphologic subtypes.Methods: A retrospective study from January 2018 to December 2020 was undertaken. A total of 210 surgical specimens were obtained. Detailed clinical information and radiological findings were recorded from the case sheets. Grossing of the surgical specimens was done in the pathology department, followed by histological examination.Results: Of 210 cases, benign cases were 140 (66.7%), malignant cases were 70 (33.3%). Surface epithelial tumors were most common (116/55.2%) followed by germ cell tumors (76, 36.1%) followed by others. Serous cystadenoma was commonest benign tumor (58, 41.4%). Serous adenocarinoma was commonest malignant tumor (19, 27.1%). Benign tumours were more common in the younger age group i.e. <40 years of age whereas malignant tumours were supervenes with increase in age. Most benign ovarian tumors (54, 38.6%) were seen between 31-40 years whereas most malignant tumors (24, 34.3%) were seen above 40 years. In 1st two decades, germ cell tumors were more common than other tumours.Conclusions: The prognosis and varying therapeutic strategies of ovarian tumours necessitate an accurate pathological evaluation. Histopathological study is still the gold standard in diagnosing most of these tumours.
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Ralte, Hmingthanzuali, Chawngthu Vanlalhlua, Zothansangi a, and Babie Zirnunsangi. "A CASE SERIESOF NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOURS IN APPENDIX: INCIDENTAL FINDINGS." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 799–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15732.
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Neuroendocrine tumors are aggressive and rare tumors which can occur almost everywhere in the body. The annual incidence of neuroendocrine tumors is 2.5-5 per 100000. We report 4 cases of appendiceal neuroendocrine tumors which were diagnosed incidentally on routine histopathological examination from the time period of December 2020 to November, 2022.The appendix is one of the most common single site for carcinoid tumor.Histopathologically, appendiceal neuroendocrine tumors (aNETs) is mostly comprised of enterochromaffin (EC) cell type and derives from a subepithelial cell population, which is different from neuroendocrine tumor in other sites. Although rare, and usually detected incidentally in appendectomy, it is considered the most common type of appendiceal primary malignant lesion, and is found in 0.3%-0.9% of patients undergoing appendicectomy.Thesetumors rarely present with metastases. In surgical practice most surgeons may encounter only one or two such tumours during their career. Therefore, it is important to define correct management of such a rare tumor. We report a series of 4 aNETs found incidentally in appendicectomy specimens and discuss about management strategies.
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Radoi, Mugurel, Leon Danaila, Florin Stefanescu, Daniel Petrescu, and Ram Vakilnejad. "Surgery in tumors of the lateral ventricles – last 8 years experience." Romanian Neurosurgery 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/romneu-2014-0006.
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Abstract Introduction: Tumors of the lateral ventricle are rare lesions including a large variety of benign or malignant tumors. These tumors could originate in the ventricular wall or arising and expanding within the lateral ventricle from the surrounding neural structures. The purpose of this study is to discuss postoperative results and factors that affected the preference for transcallosal or transcortical approach. Material and methods : We performed a retrospective study, lasted between 2005- 2013, that comprised 26 consecutive patients who underwent operation for lateral ventricle tumors. The main clinical symptoms and signs were associated with the localization and size of the tumors. Cerebral computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were used to determine the location and expansion of each tumor. The transcortical approach was used in 17 patients and the transcallosal approach was used in 9 patients. Results : Total tumor resection was achieved in 73% of cases (19 patients). Most frequent histological tumor’s type was glioblastoma, choroid plexus papilloma, ependymoma and meningioma. Signs of increased intracranial pressure were most dominant. One patient died because of postoperative intraventricular hemorrhage. Additional neurological deficits were seen in 3 patients and postoperative seizure occurred in three patients. One patient with preoperative hydrocephalus required ventriculoperitoneal shunting after tumor’s resection. Two patients developed postoperative epidural hematoma and one required reoperation. 15 of 26 patients received postoperative radiotherapy and 6 of them received adjuvant chemotherapy. The mean duration of postoperative evaluation was 24,32 (range 5-92). Excepting the cases with subtotal resection, two patients were reoperated for recurrences. Conclusions : The nature, size, location and vascularization of intraventricular tumors are the most important elements influencing the choice of surgical approach. Surgeons must evaluate all these factors and prefer the short and safe way to remove the tumor.
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Sanika S Kuntan, Venkatsai A Sidgiddi, and Shreya S Jaganur. "Brain Tumour Detection and Classification Using Deep Learning." International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering Hub (IRJAEH) 2, no. 06 (June 20, 2024): 1762–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0242.
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Now a day’s tumor is second leading cause of cancer. Currently Doctors locate the positions and area of a brain tumor by looking at the MRI of the brain manually. This project helps to reduce the inaccuracy and time consumption in detection, and it also provides information about brain. This study presents Convolution neural network architecture for brain tumour detection and classification using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as datsets. The performance of the model is to predict whether the given image is tumours or non tumours and classify the tumour image and using use classification to classify brain tumors into three categories: glioma, meningioma, and pituitary tumors and implemented in an Android application.
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Villalobos, Alexander, Jean Lee, Sarah A. Westergaard, and Nima Kokabi. "Impact of Hypoxia on Radiation-Based Therapies for Liver Cancer." Cancers 16, no. 5 (February 22, 2024): 876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers16050876.
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Background: Hypoxia, a state of low oxygen level within a tissue, is often present in primary and secondary liver tumors. At the molecular level, the tumor cells’ response to hypoxic stress induces proteomic and genomic changes which are largely regulated by proteins called hypoxia-induced factors (HIF). These proteins have been found to drive tumor progression and cause resistance to drug- and radiation-based therapies, ultimately contributing to a tumor’s poor prognosis. Several imaging modalities have been developed to visualize tissue hypoxia, providing insight into a tumor’s microbiology. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Google Scholar for all reports related to hypoxia on liver tumors. All relevant studies were summarized. Results: This review will focus on the impact of hypoxia on liver tumors and review PET-, MRI-, and SPECT-based imaging modalities that have been developed to predict and assess a tumor’s response to radiation therapy, with a focus on liver cancers. Conclusion: While there are numerous studies that have evaluated the impact of hypoxia on tumor outcomes, there remains a relative paucity of data evaluating and quantifying hypoxia within the liver. Novel and developing non-invasive imaging techniques able to provide functional and physiological information on tumor hypoxia within the liver may be able to assist in the treatment planning of primary and metastatic liver lesions.
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Paraskevaidis, Ioannis A., Christos A. Michalakeas, Constantinos H. Papadopoulos, and Maria Anastasiou-Nana. "Cardiac Tumors." ISRN Oncology 2011 (June 9, 2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/208929.
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Cardiac tumors represent a relatively rare, yet challenging diagnosis. Secondary tumors are far more frequent than primary tumors of the heart. The majority of primary cardiac tumors is benign in origin, with primary malignant tumors accounting for 25% of cases. Metastatic tumors usually arise from lung, breast, renal cancer, melanomas, and lymphomas. Clinical manifestations of cardiac tumors depend on the size and location of the mass and the infiltration of adjacent tissues rather than the type of the tumor itself. Echocardiography is the main diagnostic tool for the detection of a cardiac mass. Other imaging modalities (C-MRI, C-CT, 3D Echo) may offer further diagnostic information and the establishment of the diagnosis is made with histological examination. Management depends on the type of the tumor and the symptomatology of the patient.
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Beaumont, Hubert, Antoine Iannessi, Emmanuel Chamorey, Nathalie Faye, Catherine Klifa, and Chih-Yi Hsieh. "Targeted therapies: How can CT imaging improve evaluations and help understand mechanism of drug action?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e13012-e13012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e13012.
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e13012 Background: We compared the therapeutic response between Varlitinib plus Capecitabine (VC) and Lapatinib plus Capecitabine (LC) by stratifying changes in tumor’s longest diameter (LD) and volume (VOL) per tumor location in patients with HER2+ metastatic breast cancer after trastuzumab therapy. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the ASLAN001-003 double-arm trial (NCT02338245). We first tested the intra and inter-arm equivalence in number and size of tumors at each location of the disease.Second, we compared the inter-arm average changes in 1) tumor burden according to RECIST; 2) stratified tumor burden in summing, for each patient, the target lesions from the same organ locations; 3) tumors considered independent but grouped per organ location of the disease.Third, we tested the intra-arm differential responses of pairwise groups of tumor locations: breast-lung, breast-liver, breast-lymph nodes, lung-liver, lung-lymph nodes and liver-lymph nodes. A sensitivity analysis tested the robustness of our results. Results: We followed 74 tumors in 35 patients (14 VC; 21 LC) after 12 weeks of treatment. Primary breast tumors had a larger size than metastasis (p < 0.002). Tumor proportions at each organ location of the disease were not significantly different. The inter-arm difference in changes of tumor burden yielded: p = 0.086 (LD) and p = 0.13 (VOL); in stratifying patients per breast tumors: p = 0.002 (LD) and p < 0.001 (VOL); and for independent breast tumors: p = 0.001 (LD) and p < 0.001 (VOL). We found differential responses in the LC arm for breast-liver (p = 0.007 (VOL)) and Liver-Lymph node (p = 0.06 (VOL)). After outlier’s removal, the inter-arm difference was confirmed for breast tumors (p = 0.004 (LD); p < 0.001 (VOL)) and when considering all tumors as independent (p < 0.01(LD); p = 0.04 (VOL)). The differential Breast-Liver response in the VC arm was confirmed p < 0.05 (LD or VOL). Conclusions: Differential imaging responses were found across treatment arms and tumor locations. The stratification of changes provides new insights into responses of targeted therapies and more accurate drug comparisons. The stratification is a promising approach to better understand therapy mechanisms of action behind tumor heterogeneity.
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Morrone, Fernanda Bueno, Pedro Vargas, Liliana Rockenbach, and Thamiris Becker Scheffel. "P2Y12 Purinergic Receptor and Brain Tumors: Implications on Glioma Microenvironment." Molecules 26, no. 20 (October 12, 2021): 6146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26206146.
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Gliomas are the most common malignant brain tumors in adults, characterized by a high proliferation and invasion. The tumor microenvironment is rich in growth-promoting signals and immunomodulatory pathways, which increase the tumor’s aggressiveness. In response to hypoxia and glioma therapy, the amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) strongly increase in the extracellular space, and the purinergic signaling is triggered by nucleotides’ interaction in P2 receptors. Several cell types are present in the tumor microenvironment and can facilitate tumor growth. In fact, tumor cells can activate platelets by the ADP-P2Y12 engagement, which plays an essential role in the cancer context, protecting tumors from the immune attack and providing molecules that contribute to the growth and maintenance of a rich environment to sustain the protumor cycle. Besides platelets, the P2Y12 receptor is expressed by some tumors, such as renal carcinoma, colon carcinoma, and gliomas, being related to tumor progression. In this context, this review aims to depict the glioma microenvironment, focusing on the relationship between platelets and tumor malignancy.
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Mott, Frank E., Alex Esana, Carl Chakmakjian, and Jon D. Herrington. "Tumor Lysis Syndrome in Solid Tumors." Supportive Cancer Therapy 2, no. 3 (April 2005): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3816/sct.2005.n.012.
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Rustin, Gordon J. S. "Circulating tumor markers in gynecological tumors." Current Opinion in Oncology 8, no. 5 (September 1996): 426–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001622-199609000-00015.
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MÖBUS, VOLKER, SIGRID HORN, MICHAEL STÖCK, and VOLKER SCHIRRMACHER. "Tumor Cell Vaccination for Gynecological Tumors." Hybridoma 12, no. 5 (October 1993): 543–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/hyb.1993.12.543.
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Massari, Francesco, Vincenzo Di Nunno, Francesca Comito, Marta Cubelli, Chiara Ciccarese, Roberto Iacovelli, Michelangelo Fiorentino, Rodolfo Montironi, and Andrea Ardizzoni. "Circulating tumor cells in genitourinary tumors." Therapeutic Advances in Urology 10, no. 2 (November 22, 2017): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756287217742564.
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Management of advanced urogenital malignancies has profoundly changed in recent years due to the development of novel targeted drugs that have significantly improved patient’s clinical outcomes. This process has been made possible mainly thanks to better knowledge of tumor genetic alterations and molecular altered pathways. Despite these remarkable results, several issues such as early detection of the disease as well as the research into early markers of recurrence or disease progression still remain an open challenge for clinical research. The detection of circulating tumor cells and circulating DNA appears an attractive option since it is a minimally invasive approach potentially able to allow clinicians an accurate diagnosis and maybe lead to more customized treatment strategies. This review focuses on the current techniques adopted for the detection and isolation of circulating tumor cells in genitourinary tumors highlighting their present and possible future application in clinical practice.