Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tumori colon retto'
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LILLINI, ROBERTO. "Il ruolo delle disuguaglianze socio-economiche nella sopravvivenza al cancro per i tumori della mammella e del colon-retto." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/111389.
Full textIapichino, Anastasia <1989>. "Caratterizzazione di cellule staminali cancerose dei tumori del colon-retto e loro risposta al trattamento con estratti di piante medicamentose." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8893/1/Tesi_IAPICHINO_%20XXXI%20CICLO.pdf.
Full textColorectal cancer is one of the most frequent cancer, with a high mortality rate, caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Parallel to the stochastic model, according to which all tumor cells (CT) have the same probability of regenerating a tumor, there is a new model that look in a very small subset of cancer stem cells (CST) the responsible of tumor growth. In the literature, CSTs shows important deregulations on genes implicated in: chemo-resistance, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), uncontrolled self-renewal, peculiar processes of this small subpopulation, which favor the onset of a tumor phenotype . The aim of my PhD project was to isolate and characterize CSTs both from tumor cell lines and from colorectal cancer biopsies, in order to identify tumor markers useful for delineating the phases of tumor progression and identifying potential therapeutic targets. In addition, I treated the CT and CST of a line of colorectal adenocarcinoma (HCA7) with the natural extract of T. cordifolia, a plant used in Ayurvedic medicine, and one of its active ingredients, berberine, in order to verify its antitumor efficacy. I observed important deregulations in treated cell populations, dependent on several genes involved mainly in EMT, in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis, but also in promoting a chemo-resistant phenotype. The expression levels of these genes were found to be significantly under-expressed, both in the treated CTs and in the treated CSTs. The results I have obtained are in favor of a potential active role of the investigated natural substance, in countering many of those fundamental processes for the development of a tumor phenotype. Furthermore, my data also support the hypothesis that CSTs are potential therapeutic targets for the purpose of achieving a targeted effect on this cell tumor population.
Mari, Gutarra Luis Angel. "Los factores pronósticos disminuyen la sobrevida tras resección de metástasis hepática de cáncer colorectal en el Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, en el periodo de enero 2002 a diciembre del 2009." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/11272.
Full textDetermina los factores intraoperatorios y postoperatorios, que están asociados en la mayor sobrevida, en 20 pacientes intervenidos de metástasis Hepática de cáncer colorrectal, en el hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins con especial énfasis en los factores postoperatorios, que podrían informar acerca de la agresividad del tumor y de la eficacia curativa de la cirugía realizada. Se realizaó un estudio retrospectivo en 20 pacientes intervenidos de MHCCR entre Enero del 2002 y Diciembre de 2009, en el que analizamos factores de supervivencia preoperatorios, intraoperatorios y postoperatorios. El seguimiento fue de 55 ± 3 (intervalo, 12-124) meses. La mortalidad postoperatoria fue del 5% y la morbilidad, del 10%. Entre los factores preoperatorios analizados, la edad > 65 años y el tamaño de la metástasis > 5 cm fueron factores de mal pronóstico independientes, mientras que dos factores significativos de mal pronóstico fueron obtenidos del análisis postoperatorio: microsatelitosis y cifras postoperatorias de CEA > 5 ng/ml (al 1 mes). Se ha encontrado que el sexo, la localización del tumor primario, el tipo de resección, y localización de las metástasis y el CEA pre operatorio son factores que no tienen importancia pronóstica. Se concluye que la cirugía de la Metástasis Hepática ha demostrado ser segura y eficaz. Sin embargo, en pacientes con MHCCR es necesario tener en cuenta los factores postoperatorios que pueden informarnos acerca de la agresividad del tumor y de la eficacia de la cirugía.
Trabajo de investigación
Losso, Graziele Moraes. "Identificação das vias carcinogenéticas clássica e mutadora e correlação com fenótipo neoplásico de carciomas colorretais esporádicos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/38978.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciencias Biológicas (Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia Básica). Defesa: Curitiba, 04/08/2009
Inclui referências : f. 102-111
Resumo: A capacidade de predizer a agressividade biológica pela identificação das vias carcinogenéticas através da análise tecidual é de valor inestimável para o tratamento dos pacientes com câncer. Se tumores não responsivos aos tratamentos usuais pudessem ser identificados, estes pacientes poderiam ser poupados da toxicidade terapêutica e, assim poderiam ser candidatos a novas modalidades terapêuticas não convencionais. Nesta pesquisa objetiva-se identificar as vias carcinogenética clássica (p53) e mutadora (MSI-H) e correlacionaá-las com o fenótipo neoplásico de 51 tumores colorretais esporádicos. Métodos: Blocos de tecidos fixados em formalina a 10% e incluídos em parafina foram submetidos a cortes histológicos de 4?, para avaliação histológica. A técnica de (TMAs) foi utilizada para uma melhor uniformidade e um menor custeio das reações imunoistoquímicas para detecção das proteínas de reparo hMLH1, hMSH2, hMSH6 e a proteína p53. Resultados: Nos 51 casos de CCR esporádico estudados, quanto à distribuição das características clínico-patológicas, observou-se que 57% eram do sexo masculino, 60% do tipo histológico tubular, 51% com grau de diferenciação moderado, 58,82% com profundidade de invasão da subserosa pT3 e estádio IIA com média de idade de 59,4 anos. Nesta pesquisa, 84,31% dos tumores apresentaram hiperexpressão da proteína p53 (p<0,05) e 27,50% apresentaram ausência das proteínas de reparo EPR - (p<0,05). Na análise imunoistoquímica das proteínas hMLH1, hMSH2 e hMSH6 observou-se ausência da imunoexpressão em 15,68%, 11,76% e 17,65% dos tumores respectivamente. Em 19,60% dos casos foram decorrentes da via carcinogenética mutadora (MSI-H) destes, 70% foram do gênero feminino, 90% do tipo não mucinoso e 80,% apresentavam localização preferencial no cólon distal com média de idade de 57,10 anos. Por outro lado 66,66% eram decorrentes da via carcinogenética clássica (p53+). Destes 61,76% foram do gênero masculino, 85,29% do tipo histológico não mucinoso e 88,24% apresentavam localização preferencial no cólon distal com média de idade de 60,55 anos. Conclusão: Nesta pesquisa as vias carcinogenéticas clássica e mutadora não ocorrem com a mesma freqüência, sendo que a via predominante na carcinogênese colorretal esporádica é a via clássica. Houve correlação significativa (p>0,05) entre as características patológicas e os marcadores imunoistoquímicos.
Abstract: The ability to predict the carcinogenetic biological aggressiveness by identifying the pathways through tissue analysis is invaluable for the treatment of patients with cancer. If tumors that are not responsive to usual treatments could be identified, patients could be spared the toxicity and therapy, thus could be candidates for new unconventional therapeutic modalities. This research aims to identify and correlate the phenotype of the neoplastic tumor carcinogenetic classic pathways (p53) and mutated (MSI-H) in 51 sporadic colorectal tumors. Methods: Blocks of tissues fixed in formalin at 10% and included in paraffin were subjected to histological sections of 4_ for histological evaluation. The technique of (TMAs) was used for better uniformity and Immunohistochemistry of the cost of repair proteins hMLH1, hMSH2, hMSH6 and p53. Results: Of the preliminary parameters, on the distribution of the 51 cases of sporadic CRC studied at the clinical and pathological characteristics, we observed that 57% were male, 60% of tubular histological type, 51% with moderate degree of differentiation, 58, 82% with depth of invasion of the sub-serousa PT3 and stage IIA with a mean age of 59.4 years. In this research, 84.31% of the tumors showed hyperexpression of P53 protein (p <0.05) and 27.50% showed absence of protein repair EPR - (p <0.05). In immunohistochemical analysis of the repair proteins hMLH1, hMSH2 and hMSH6 were observed absence of expression in 15.68%, 11.76% and 17.65% respectively. In 19.60% of cases were caused by the mutated carcinogenetic (MSI-H) they were 70 % female, 90% of non-mucinous type and 80% showed preferential localization in distal colon with average age of 57.10 years. While 66.66% were caused by the classic carcinogenetic (p53 +) they were 61.76% male, 85.29% of non-mucinous histological type and 88.24% had preferential location in the distal colon with a mean age of 60.55 years. Conclusion: In this study carcinogenetic as classical ways and mutated not occur with equal frequency and the predominant pathway in sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis is the classic way. There was significant correlation between pathological features and immunohistochemical markers.
DI, CRISTANZIANO VERONICA. "Caratterizzazione e valutazione del ruolo immunologico di un nuovo antigene associato all'adenocarcinoma del colon-retto: colorectal tumor-associated antigen 1 (COA-1)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/432.
Full textRecently, a new colorectal cancer (CRC)-associated antigen, denominated colorectal tumorassociated antigen-1 (COA-1), recognized by CD4+ T lymphocytes in a HLA class IIrestricted way and encoded by UBXD5 gene, was identified. In this study, we evaluated whether COA-1 can evoke a specific T cell-mediated response in CRC patients and whether this antigen can represent a tool to design new protocols of immunotherapy and a marker for the progression of the disease. Peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from CRC patients have been in vitro stimulated with the immunogenic epitope of COA-1441-460 (FSTFPPTLYQDDTLTLQAAG) and the antigen- and tumor immunological response was analyzed by IFN-g ELISPOT assay. We could isolate COA-1 specific and tumor reactive T lymphocytes from all (n= 7) HLADRb1* 0402+ or *1301+ CRC patients with progressive disease (Dukes’ C and D), but not in patients (n= 4) with early stage tumor (Dukes’ A and B). Furthermore, these T lymphocytes had a CD3+CD4+CD69+CD45RA+ phenotype, compatible with the activated effector-type T cell subset, and most of them exerted cytotoxic activity against tumor cells expressing COA-1 and the specific MHC restriction elements. In addition, we have verified whether COA-1 specific reactivity could be isolated from PBMCs of CRC patients by the usage of autologous dendritic cells loaded with tumor lysate. Tumor reactive and COA-1 specific CD4+ T cells colud be isolated by in vitro stimulation of PBMCs either with intact tumor cells and with DC pulsed with tumor lysate, suggesting that this antigen can generate a dominant immunological response against CRC. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that COA-1 can be a relevant antigen for the anti-tumor immune response in CRC patients, correlating with the progression of the disease, and suggest that this molecule is suitable for immunotherapeutic protocols of these patients.
Gómez, Consuelo Alexis Máximo. "Marcadores tumorales en el seguimiento post quirúrgico de los pacientes con cáncer colorectal, Hospital Militar Central 2003-2007." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/15015.
Full textTrabajo académico
Bertazza, Loris. "Analisi delle Cellule Tumorali Circolanti nel carcinoma gastrico e nelle metastasi epatiche da cancro del colon-retto: ruolo di Survivin e CD133 come fattori prognostici." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427460.
Full textPresupposti dello studio Attualmente l'unico sistema prognostico utilizzato in clinica per i pazienti con cancro gastrico è la stadiazione TNM, che crea classi di rischio con prognosi significativamente diversa, ma con un’alta variabilità del rischio all’interno delle singole classi, risultando così uno strumento prognostico non ottimale a livello di singolo paziente. Solo il 10-20% dei pazienti con metastasi epatiche da carcinoma del colon-retto (CRC) risulta resecabile con intento radicale e di questi il 60-70% svilupperà una recidiva nonostante l’intervento potenzialmente curativo. Entrambe queste classi di pazienti necessitano di trattamenti aggiuntivi alla chirurgia come la chemioterapia adiuvante. Sono quindi necessari fattori prognostici nuovi, che permettano di individuare i pazienti ad alto rischio da indirizzare alla terapia. Scopo dello studio Studiare le cellule tumorali circolanti, attraverso il profilo di espressione genica nel sangue periferico, per individuare fattori prognostici indipendenti, in modo da rendere migliore la stratificazione del rischio e di conseguenza la cura dei pazienti con adenocarcinoma gastrico e con metastasi epatiche da carcinoma del colon-retto, con particolare riguardo alla selezione dei pazienti da trattare con terapia adiuvante. Pazienti, materiali e metodi Nello studio sono stati inclusi 70 pazienti con adenocarcinoma gastrico in diverso stadio TNM sottoposti a gastrectomia con intento radicale e 50 pazienti con metastasi epatiche da CRC sottoposti a chirurgia. Prima dell’intervento chirurgico, a ogni paziente è stato eseguito un prelievo di sangue venoso periferico, se ne è estratto l’RNA totale ed il corrispondente cDNA è stato utilizzato per l’analisi di espressione genica mediante PCR quantitativa. Per i pazienti con carcinoma gastrico sono stati valutati i geni CK19, CEA, VEGF, Survivin; per i pazienti con metastasi epatiche da CRC sono stati valutati i geni CK19, CK20, CEA, VEGF, EGFR, CD133 e Survivin. Per valutare il ruolo prognostico di ogni marcatore sono state effettuate le analisi di sopravvivenza uni- e multivariata. Risultati All’analisi multivariata secondo Cox della sopravvivenza globale, dopo selezione stepwise, sono risultati fattori prognostici indipendenti per i pazienti con cancro gastrico la stadiazione TNM e l’espressione del gene codificante per Survivin, mentre per i pazienti con CRC metastatico sono risultati fattori prognostici indipendenti la radicalità dell’intervento e l’espressione di CD133 nel sangue periferico. Inoltre Survivin era maggiormente espressa nei pazienti con carcinoma gastrico rispetto al calibratore (ottenuto dal sangue di donatori sani) nel 98.6% dei casi; analogamente CK19 era maggiormente espressa nel 97.1% dei casi. Questi dati supportano la possibilità dell’utilizzo dell’espressione genica nel sangue periferico anche come marcatore diagnostico del carcinoma gastrico. Conclusioni I risultati positivi di queste analisi costituiscono la base per la conduzione di più ampi studi prospettici nelle due patologie considerate, al fine di poter validare il valore prognostico dell’espressione di Survivin e CD133 nel sangue periferico dei pazienti rispettivamente con carcinoma gastrico e con CRC metastatico. Sarebbe inoltre di sicuro interesse confermare il significato diagnostico del profilo genico del sangue periferico nel cancro gastrico.
Cappellesso, Rocco. "The value of histology, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, and mismatch repair status as risk factors of nodal metastasis in screening detected and endoscopically removed pT1 colorectal cancers." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425398.
Full textINTRODUZIONE Il numero di pazienti con cancro colo-rettale (CCR) infiltrante la sottomucosa (pT1) rimosso durante colonscopia è in aumento per via dello screening. Tale tumore potenzialmente è già metastatico, ma solo un 15% di pazienti ha coinvolgimento linfonodale. I criteri istologi attualmente utilizzati per selezionare i pazienti che necessitino di una resezione di completamento sono imprecisi e la maggior parte dei pazienti subisce un trattamento eccessivo. I linfociti intra-tumorali (TILs) e lo stato del mismatch repair (MMR) condizionano la prognosi del CRC e potrebbero essere fattori di rischio di metastasi linfonodale. OBIETTIVO Per identificare i pazienti che necessitano di chirurgia di completamento, è stato valutato nei CRC pT1 identificati dallo screening e rimossi endoscopicamente il valore delle variabili istologiche, dei TILS e dello stato del MMR come fattori di rischio di metastasi linfonodale. MATERIALI E METODI Le variabili istologiche, i TILS CD3+ e CD8+ e lo stato del MMR sono stati valutati in 102 CRC pT1 rimossi endoscopicamente. Analisi univariate e multivariate sono state utilizzate per valutare la correlazione con la metastasi lindonodale. RISULTATI Il margine di resezione positive, la presenza di invasione vascolare e di budding tumorale, l'ampia area di invasione e l'elevato numero di TILs CD3+ erano associata alla metastasi linfonodale nelle analisi univariate. L'invasione vascolare era l'unica variabili indipendente all'analisi multivariata. La presenza di cellule neoplastiche intravascolari e/o a livello del margine di resezione caratterizzavano tutti e 5 i tumori metastatici e solo 13 tumori non metastatici su 97. CONCUSIONI La chirurgia di completamento dovrebbe essere indicata solo per i pazienti con un CRC pT1 con invasione vascolare o con cellule neoplastiche che raggiungono il margine di resezione. In tutti gli altri casi, la scelta del trattamento dovrebbe essere affidata alla valutazione del rapporto rischi-benefici di ciascun paziente tenendo in considerazione la rarità del coinvolgimento linfonodale.
FARAONI, PAOLA. "Attività proliferativa e apoptosi nel carcinoma sporadico del colon-retto." Doctoral thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/676957.
Full textMARASCIO, LAVINIA. "Valutazione comparativa fra la chirurgia laparoscopica e quella tradizionale per patologie del tratto gastroenterico." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/858311.
Full textVINCI, SERENA. "RUOLO DI FATTORI GENETICI E EPIGENETICI NELLA REGOLAZIONE DEI MICRORNA NEL TUMORE DEL POLMONE E DEL COLON-RETTO." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/599070.
Full textNICOLAZZO, CHIARA. "Razionale per la biopsia liquida nel carcinoma del colon-retto: focus sulle cellule tumorali circolanti." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/916609.
Full textCASTIGLIONE, FRANCESCA. "Valutazione della presenza delle cellule tumorali circolanti in pazienti con carcinoma del colon retto e loro possibili implicazioni prognostiche e terapeutiche." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/795250.
Full textNurdin, Aliya Nurala Madatali. "Estudo do valor prognóstico do Bcl-2 em adenocarcinoma do colon e reto e sua correlação com os graus de diferenciação e localização do respetivo tumor." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/5413.
Full textObjective: To analyze the immunoexpression of the protein bcl-2 in colorectal adenocarcinomas, the degree of cell differentiation and localization of the tumor and correlate with the clinical-pathological prognostic factors. Method: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of bcl-2 in 30 cases of colorectal carcinoma who had undergone surgery at Cova da Beira Academic Hospital Centre between 2001 and 2003. The study variables were analyzed using the chi-square and Cramer to investigate associations between the degree of cell differentiation and localization of the tumor and the prognosis, and Mann-Whitney U Test to evaluate the expression of the protein bcl-2 and the prognosis. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 22.0®, and p-value less than or equal to 0,05 was regarded as significant for all statistical tests. Results: The immunohistochemical expression of bcl-2 was positive in 16 tumors (53%) and negative in 14 (47%). There was statistically significant correlation between the expression of bcl-2 and prognosis (p=0,002). However there is no significant association between the degree of cell differentiation and localization of the tumor and the clinical- pathological prognostic factors (p=0,292 e p=0,563 respectively). Conclusion: The immunohistochemical expression of bcl-2 may be valuable in predicting the prognosis of the patient. Higher expression of bcl-2 were related to patients with better prognosis. No significant correlation was found between the degree of cell differentiation and localization of the tumor and patients prognosis clinical – pathological factors.
Alves, Ana Rita Vergílio. "Estudo do valor prognóstico do Ki-67 em adenocarcinomas do colon e reto e sua correlação com o grau de diferenciação histológica, localização e prognóstico de pacientes com o respetivo tumor." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/5313.
Full textIntroduction: In a world where cancer is increasingly a cause of loss of quality of life or death it is essential to study its behavior, either by an interest in early diagnosis as well as in establishing a prognosis. The Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer in Europe. The tumour stage, histological type, the presence/absence of lymphadenopathy and/or distant metastases have been recognized as prognostic factors. However these characteristics, in itself, didn’t allow us to fully predict the clinical outcome. For this reason efforts have been made to try and identify new molecular markers that aid, as individual prognosis factors or in combination with clinicalhistopathological data, to improve prediction of the outcome and to determine the most appropriate therapeutic approach. One of them is the Ki-67 antigen, a protein expressed in the nucleus of cells throughout the cell cycle, except G0. Its presence strictly related to cell cycle suggesting its important role in the regulation thereof. From studies completed so far, its use as a marker of cellular proliferation has shown its recognition as an independent prognostic factor for prostate cancer, breast cancer and other cancers. However, regarding the Colorectal Adenocarcinoma available literature reveals conflicting results concerning its prognostic value. Goals: 1. Analyze the immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67 protein and clinicalhistopathological parameters: “gender”, “age”, “prognosis of patients”, “histological type of the tumour”, “location of the tumour” and “TMN classification” of patients with colorectal adenocarcinomas. 2. Study the prognostic value of Ki-67 protein in colorectal adenocarcinomas correlated with some clinicalhistopathological parameters. Methods: 35 patients with Colorectal Adenocarcinoma were studied who underwent surgical resection of the tumour with curative intent, between January 2001 and January 2003, at Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira. None received neoadjuvant therapy, having been subjected to a post-operative follow-up of 10 years. Samples were histologically processed according to the protocol defined by the aforementioned institution for the immunohistochemical staining of the Ki-67 protein. They were then classified according to histological type of the tumour and considering both the intensity and the percentage of stained cells by the Ki-67 protein. The data were analyzed considering a p value <0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Statistically significant correlation (p<0,05) was found between “immunohistochemical expression of cells stained by the Ki-67 protein” and the “prognosis of patients”. However, there were no statistically significant results within the “immunohistochemical expression of stained cells by the Ki-67 protein” with respect to the “location of the tumour” and “histological type of the tumour”. After 10 years, the mortality rate was 37.1%.