Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tumor-inflammation'
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Huang, Hua. "Endothelial activation and inflammation in the tumor microenvironment." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för immunologi, genetik och patologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-247889.
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Tumors are composed not only of malignant cells, but also of various types of normal cells, including vascular cells and infiltrating immune cells, which drive tumor development and progression. The tumor vasculature is abnormal and dysfunctional due to sustained tumor angiogenesis driven by high levels of pro-angiogenic factors. Proteins differentially expressed in tumor vessels affect vascular function and the tumor microenvironment and may serve as targets for therapy. The tumor is also a site of sustained chronic inflammation. The recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells significantly influence tumor progression and regression. Targeting molecules regulating tumor angiogenesis and inflammation in the tumor microenvironment is therefore a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer. This thesis is aiming to understand and investigate the molecular regulation of these two processes in tumors. αB-crystallin is a heat shock protein previously proposed as a target for cancer therapy due to its role in increasing survival of tumor cells and enhancing tumor angiogenesis. In this thesis, we demonstrate a novel role of αB-crystallin in limiting expansion of CD11b+Gr1+ immature myeloid cells in pathological conditions, including tumor development. In addition, we show that αB-crystallin regulates leukocyte recruitment by promoting expression of adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin during TNF-α-induced endothelial activation. Therefore, targeting of αB-crystallin may influence tumor inflammation by regulating immature myeloid cell expansion and leukocyte recruitment. Abnormal, dysfunctional vessels are characteristic of glioblastomas, which are aggressive malignant brain tumors. We have identified the orphan G-protein coupled receptor ELTD1 as highly expressed in glioblastoma vessel and investigated its role in tumor angiogenesis. Interestingly, deficiency of ELTD1 was associated with increased growth of orthotopic GL261 glioma and T241 fibrosarcoma, but did not affect vessel density in any model. Further investigation is warranted to evaluate whether ELTD1 serves a suitable vascular target for glioblastoma treatment. Anti-angiogenic drugs targeting VEGF signaling is widely used in the clinic for various types of cancer. However, the influences of anti-angiogenic treatment on tumor inflammation have not been thoroughly investigated. We demonstrate that VEGF inhibits TNF-α-induced endothelial activation by repressing NF-κB activation and expression of chemokines involved in T-cell recruitment. Sunitinib, a small molecule kinase inhibitor targeting VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling increased expression of chemokines CXCL10, CXCL11, and enhanced T-lymphocyte infiltration into tumors. Our study suggests that anti-angiogenic therapy may improve immunotherapy by enhancing endothelial activation and facilitating immune cell infiltration into tumors.
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De, Cock Jasmine M. (Jasmine Morgan). "Inflammation triggers Zeb1-dependent escape from tumor dormancy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104098.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 2016.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 167-181).
Metastasis-related mortality for breast cancer patients often occurs many years after treatment of the primary tumor. Inflammation, through the orchestra of immune cells and released inflammatory cytokines, can predispose certain tissues to cancer development and can create a favorable environment for metastatic outgrowth. I evaluated whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could induce an inflammatory response, leading to the activation of the cell-biological epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program in dormant disseminated cancer cells in vivo, and subsequent metastatic outgrowth. To model metastatic cellular dormancy, I used a dormant subpopulation of cells (D2A1-d) that were enriched for in vivo from the highly metastatic carcinoma cell line D2A1, that was derived from spontaneous murine mammary tumor. The ability of the EMT program to awaken dormant disseminated D2A1-d cells was directly assessed in vivo, which resulted in the formation of macro-metastases following a transient induction of either the EMT-transcription factor Snail or Zeb1. Furthermore, the transient induction of Zeb1 led to the generation of CD29+ CD24- metastasis-initiating cells. In mice bearing dormant disseminated D2A1-d cells, my findings demonstrated that LPS-treatment resulted in the awakening of D2A1-d cells and metastatic outgrowth in the lungs and bone. The awakening of dormant disseminated D2A1-d cells was dependent, albeit through unknown mechanism, on the presence of neutrophils. The LPS-mediated awakening of dormant disseminated cancer cells was also dependent upon the activation of the EMT-inducing transcription factor Zeb1 in the D2A1-d cells. In conclusion, my thesis work demonstrated that inflammation can trigger the escape of metastatic dormancy in vivo.
by Jasmine M. De Cock.
Ph. D.
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Nygren, Emma. "The role of Sema3A in inflammation mediated tumor progressions." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för bioteknologi (BIO), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-172790.
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In the tumor microenvironment there are many different cell types present and among these, immune cells display a large proportion. Central players in the tumor immunity are macrophages that come in two different phenotypes, the M1 and M2 macrophages. M1 polarized macrophages are tumor suppressive while M2 polarized macrophages support tumor growth. The factors that contribute to the skewing of macrophages from one phenotype to another are under investigation. Interestingly, our lab has identified Immune Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) as a participating plaer in regulating the accumulation of anti-tumoral M1 macrophages leading to a suppression of tumor growth. In light of these data this thesis has focused on the role of endogenous Sema3A in the tumor microenvironment. A tumor cell line expressing shRNA against Sema3A mRNA was generated using lentiviral mediated gene therapy. This knockdoen cell line showed 72% lower mRNA expression compared to control and was evaluated in vivo by monitoring tumor progression in female BALB/c mice. The immune cell composition of the tumors was analysed using flow cytometry. The results from the in vivo experiment show that endogenous Sema3A has a limited effect on tumor progression. A slight shift to a more tumor supportive immune profile was observed in the knockdown tumors. Moreover, a virus for transducing cells to overecpress Sema3A under asuitable promoter for systemic delivery was generated.Många olika sorters celler är närvarande i tumörers mikromiljö och immunceller utgör en stor andel av dessa. Makrofager är centrala spelare o tumörimmunförsvaret och dessa kan indelas i olika aktiveringsgrader eller fenotyper, M1 eller M2 makrofager. M1 polariserade makrofager är tumörsuppressiva medan M2 makrofager bidrar till tumörtillväxt. De faktorer som reglerar skiftningen mellan M1 och M2 fenotyperna är under utredning. Vårt labb har identifierat att Immunsemaforinen 3A (Sema3A) spelar en roll i att reglera ackumuleringen av antitumorala M1 makrofager vilket leder till hämmad tumörtillväxt. Med denna information som bakgrund har detta examensarbete fokuserat på Sema3As roll i tumörmikromiljön. Med hjälp av lentivirusmedierad genterapi skapades en tumörcellinje som uttrycker shRNA mot Sema3AmRNA. Denna cellinjes visade 72% lägre Sema3A mRNA uttryck jämfört med kontorll och utvärderades sedan in vivo genom att följa tumörtillväxten i BALB/c mushonor. Immuncellsammansättningen i tumörerna analyserades sedan med hjälp av flödescytometri. Resultaten från in vivo experimentet visar att endogent Sema3A har en begränsad effekt på tumörutvecklingen. En något mer tumörgynnande immunprofil observerades i de tumörer där Sema3A uttryck var minskat. Utöver detta skapades också ett lentivirus för att transducera celler så att de överuttrycker Sema3A under en passande promotor för systemisk tillförsel.
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Ng, Bernice Yu Jing. "Chronic Inflammation-Driven Tumor Promotion Asociated with CD8+ T Cells." Yale University, 2008. http://ymtdl.med.yale.edu/theses/available/etd-08232007-122524/.
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Chronic inflammation is associated with carcinoma development in several clinical settings, and we sought to investigate the role of T cells in this phenomenon using the DMBA/TPA two-stage chemical carcinogenesis protocol. We demonstrate that, paradoxical to models of immunosurveillance, wild-type (WT) mice have a markedly higher rate of tumor formation relative to strains lacking CD8+ T cells. Adoptive transfers of antibody-coated magnetic bead-enriched peripheral CD8+ T cells into TCRáâ-/- mice confirmed that the increased mean tumor area and progression to carcinoma was attributable to the presence of CD8+ T cells. All analyzed strains of mice in which the CD8 compartment was intact (WT, CD4-/-) showed significant increases in tumor susceptibility. Putative tumor-promoting (T-pro) cells (TCRáâ+CD8+CD44+CD62L- tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, TILs) were directly compared to their phenotypic equivalents in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). In WT and CD4-deficient mice, CD8+ TILs consistently revealed a markedly higher relative expression, by RT-PCR, of IFNã, TNFá and COX-2, and a striking decrease in expression of perforin. Cytokine-bead analysis (CBA) comparison of CD8+ and CD4+ TIL in tumors from WT mice confirmed the increased expression by the CD8+ TIL of IFNã and TNFá. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of increased carcinogenesis attributable to CD8+ TILs, characterized by their high IFNã, TNFá, and COX-2 production and defective perforin production relative to phenotypically equivalent PBLs. These studies may have mechanistic implications for the role of T cells in inflammation-associated carcinogenesis.
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Dieterich, Lothar. "Molecular Regulation of Inflammation and Angiogenesis in the Tumor Microenvironment." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för immunologi, genetik och patologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-152257.
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Tumor growth and progression not only depend on properties of the malignant cells but are strongly influenced by the tumor microenvironment. The tumor stroma consists of various cell types such as inflammatory cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts, which can either inhibit or promote tumor growth. Consequently, therapeutic targeting of the tumor stroma is increasingly recognized as an important tool to fight cancer. Two particularly important processes that contribute to the pathology of most types of tumors are angiogenesis and inflammation. In order to target these processes specifically and efficiently, it is fundamental to identify and understand the factors and signaling pathways involved. This thesis initially describes the multiple functions of the small heat shock protein αB-crystallin in the tumor microenvironment. αB-crystallin was first identified in a screen of proteins specifically up-regulated in endothelial cells forming vessel-like structures. We found that αB-crystallin is expressed in a subset of tumor vessels and promotes angiogenesis by inhibiting endothelial apoptosis, suggesting that targeting of αB-crystallin might inhibit angiogenesis and thereby decrease tumor growth. However, we also discovered an important role of αB-crystallin in regulation of inflammatory processes. We show that αB-crystallin increases the surface levels of E-selectin, an important leukocyte-endothelial adhesion molecule. Thereby, αB-crystallin may alter leukocyte recruitment to inflamed tissues such as the tumor stroma. In addition, we found that αB-crystallin is expressed in immature myeloid cells that accumulate in the periphery and at the tumor site during tumor development. Importantly, lack of αB-crystallin resulted in increased accumulation of immature myeloid cells, which might increase tumor associated inflammation. Finally, through combining laser microdissection of vessels from human tissue and microarray analysis, we identified a gene expression signature specifically associated with vessels in high grade glioma. Blood vessels in malignant glioma are highly abnormal and contribute to the pathology of the disease. Thus, knowledge about the molecular set-up of these vessels might contribute to the development of future vascular normalizing treatments.
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Ma, Xiaojun. "Definition of prostaglandin E2-EP2 signals in the colon tumor microenvironment that amplify inflammation and tumor growth." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215461.
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Final publication is available at http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=26018088Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(医科学)
甲第19635号
医科博第73号
32671
京都大学大学院医学研究科医科学専攻
(主査)教授 妹尾 浩, 教授 渡邊 直樹, 教授 椛島 健治
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Atkinson, Yvelle Hope. "Regulation of neutrophil functions by tumor necrosis factor-alpha /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha878.pdf.
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Kumari, Vandana. "Mechanisms underlying the regulatory function of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in skin inflammation." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17389.
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Die Haut ist das größte Organ des Menschen und bildet die Barriere gegenüber Einwirkungen aus der Umwelt. Die Störung der Hautbarriere durch exogene und endogene Reize führt zu einer Entzündungsreaktion in der Haut. In der Folge können Hauterkrankungen wie die irritative oder Atopische Dermatitis entstehen. Der Tumor Nekrose Faktor-α (TNF-α) ist ein pleiotrop wirksames Zytokin, das eine zentrale Rolle bei entzündlichen Prozessen spielt. Ziel der vorgelegten Promotionsarbeit war zu untersuchen, ob und wie TNF-α zu Entzündungsgeschehen, ausgelöst durch exogene und endogene Faktoren, beiträgt. Die Bedeutung von TNF-α wurde in TNF-ko Mäusen in verschiedenen Hautmodellen untersucht. Für das Irritationsmodell wurden chemische und physikalische Reize verwendet. TSLP (Thymic stromal lymphopoietin) wurde durch die verschiedenen Stimuli signifikant induziert. Diese Induktion war unabhängig von der endogenen TNF-α Produktion, gezeigt durch den Einsatz von TNF- ko Mäusen . Da endogenes TNF-α für die Hautirritation keine notwendige Bedingung darstellte, wurde die Bedeutung von TNF-α bei der atopischen Dermatitis (AD) untersucht. TNF-α defiziente Mäuse zeigen verstärkt Ekzeme im Vergleich zu Wildtyp Mäusen. Die Behandlung von TNF-ko Mäusen mit einem TSLP Antikörper führte zu einer Verminderung des Ekzems. Mastzellen wurden vermehrt in läsionaler Haut gefunden und korrelierten mit dem Schweregrad des atopischen Ekzems sowie der TSLP-Expression.The skin is the largest organ of an individuum and builds the barrier for a host against the environment. Skin barrier disruption by exogenous or endogenous stimuli can lead to skin inflammation. As a consequence, irritant or atopic eczema, frequent skin diseases, may evolve. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a pleiotropic cytokine which plays a central role in inflammatory processes. The main aim of this thesis was to clarify whether and how endogenous TNF-α is contributing to skin inflammation driven by exogenous and endogenous triggers. The role of endogenous TNF-α was studied using TNF knockout (-/-) mice. In an irritation model, chemical and physical stimuli were applied on to mouse skin. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) was significantly induced by the used irritants. This TSLP induction was independent from endogenous TNF-α proven by using TNF-/- mice. Next the role of TNF-α in atopic dermatitis (AD) promoting an allergic skin inflammation was investigated. TNF-/- mice developed more severe AD compared to the wildtype mice and TSLP was significantly increased and correlated with the severity of the eczema. To prove the pathophysiological role of TSLP for AD progression, TNF-/- mice were pretreated with an TSLP antibody. Indeed, these mice developed less AD symptoms compared to the control mice. Mast cells (MCs) were also significantly increased in lesional skin in the AD model and moreover, correlated with AD severity, but also with TSLP expression.
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CONSONNI, FRANCESCA MARIA. "Inflammation and cancer: relevance of myeloid cells recruitment and plasticity in tumor biology." Doctoral thesis, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11579/86903.
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F, Consonni. "Inflammation and cancer: relevance of myeloid cells recruitment and plasticity in tumor biology." Doctoral thesis, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11579/96173.
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Shakya, Sajina. "ROLE OF TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-STIMULATED GENE-6 IN CUTANEOUS WOUND HEALING AND INFLAMMATION." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1572915446243341.
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Scott, Alasdair James. "The regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme (TACE/ADAM17) during acute inflammation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/6041.
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The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) describes the immune response to an insult that is inappropriate for a patient’s biological needs. Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF) is one of the principal pro-inflammatory cytokines that mediates SIRS. TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) is responsible for the ectodomain cleavage of numerous immunologically relevant substrates including TNF, both TNF receptors and the cellular adhesion molecule L-selectin. The biological significance of TACE lays in its ability to control the availability of these key mediators of the immune response in their membrane-bound and soluble forms. Little is known concerning the regulation of TACE-mediated ectodomain shedding and it contributes to disease pathophysiology. Our objective was to investigate the regulation of TACE catalytic activity and expression during acute inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Our aims were: 1) define the pathways mediating upregulation of TACE activity in primary human monocytes; 2) compare the regulation of TACE catalytic activity and TACE substrate shedding; 3) investigate the acute inflammatory response in elective surgical patients with particular focus on three potential biomarkers of inflammation: TACE expression, HLA-DR expression and circulating monocyte subset populations. We used a fluorimetric assay of TACE activity to demonstrate that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of primary human monocytes promotes rapid upregulation of TACE activity, independently of changes in TACE expression. TACE activity upregulation was mediated by reactive oxygen species-induced activation of the p38 MAPK-MK2 pathway. Dithiol oxidation was found to induce L-selectin shedding but to attenuate LPS-induced TACE activity upregulation. Investigation of this paradox revealed that L-selectin shedding may be independent of TACE activity upregulation. Monocyte TACE expression was not modified by low to intermediate risk surgery. In contrast, surgery resulted in downregulation of monocyte HLA-DR expression and differential trafficking of monocyte subsets. These data provide insight into the regulation of TACE during acute inflammation.
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Vendramini-Costa, Débora Barbosa 1984. "Goniotalamina : atividade antitumoral e anti-inflamatória." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317629.
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Orientadores: João Ernesto de Carvalho, Ronaldo Aloise PilliTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-28T18:41:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa_DeboraBarbosaVendramini_D.pdf: 5920460 bytes, checksum: d6638ad4d3d0a96e4bbcdb55823f3254 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: A carcinogênese é um processo longo, multi-etapas, onde células normais progressivamente adquirem um fenótipo neoplásico. Sua origem é favorecida por fatores genéticos, exposição à carcinógenos químicos, infecções crônicas e incorporação de mutações em genes envolvidos com a regulação da homeostase celular. O crescente entendimento da biologia tumoral tem fornecido alvos moleculares para a triagem orientada de quimioterápicos e de agentes quimiopreventivos, geralmente de origem natural ou sintetizados com base em produtos naturais. A evolução da química orgânica permitiu que compostos naturais fossem sintetizados de forma econômica e aperfeiçoados quanto às suas propriedades físico-químicas, favorecendo sua disponibilidade. Esse trabalho teve como foco a goniotalamina, uma estiril-lactona naturalmente encontrada na forma enantiomérica (R) em plantas do gênero Goniothalamus (Annonaceae). Foram sintetizadas as formas (R), (S) e racêmica, que em painel de nove linhagens tumorais humanas levaram à inibição de crescimento e morte celular com elevada potência. Apesar da potência sobre a MCF-7 (carcinoma mamário responsivo ao estrógeno), estudos com estimulação estrogênica revelaram que a atividade da goniotalamina é independente da via hormonal. De qualquer maneira, a goniotalamina racêmica inibiu em 65% a proliferação da MCF-7 implantada em fibras semipermeáveis (hollow fiber) em camundongos. A citometria de fluxo revelou que o racemato de goniotalamina induz apoptose na linhagem tumoral de cólon HT-29 em baixa concentração (10 ?g/mL), com participação das caspases 8 e 9, sugerindo ativação das vias extrínseca e intrínseca. Houve também indução de apoptose na linhagem de melanoma humano SK-MEL-2, mas esse efeito diminuiu quando essa linhagem foi transfectada com Bcl-XL, inibidor apoptótico ligado à mitocôndria, sugerindo ativação principalmente da via apoptótica extrínseca, com ativação da via intrínseca para amplificação do sinal. A goniotalamina em suas três formas comprovou in vivo a atividade apresentada in vitro, pela inibição do desenvolvimento tumoral em modelo de tumor sólido e ascítico de Ehrlich, sem sinais de toxicidade nas doses efetivas. Esses resultados, aliados aos bons rendimentos na rota sintética, favoreceram a continuidade dos estudos com a forma racêmica. Considerando que aproximadamente 25% dos tumores estão relacionados com inflamações crônicas, a goniotalamina racêmica foi avaliada em modelos de edema de pata induzido por carragenina e por diversos mediadores (fosfolipase A2, histamina/serotonina, prostaglandina E2 e bradicinina), apresentando atividade anti-edematogênica em todos os modelos. Corroborando com esses resultados, a goniotalamina apresentou efeito antinociceptivo em modelos de algesia induzidos por processos inflamatórios. A goniotalamina inibiu o desenvolvimento de colite induzida por TNBS e o tratamento oral (30 mg/kg, três vezes por semana/três meses) preveniu o desenvolvimento de inflamação e câncer em animais deficientes em interleucina 10, sem apresentar sinais de toxicidade. Tais dados foram revelados após análise de dano macroscópico e microscópico (histologia) do cólon, havendo diminuição da expressão relativa dos genes para TNF? e MMP9, importantes no processo inflamatório e de invasão e metástase. Além disso, a goniotalamina diminuiu a incidência de metástase pulmonar em modelo de melanoma metastático. Os resultados obtidos e o perfil multi-alvos apresentado pela goniotalamina sugerem sua avaliação em terapias combinatórias para tratamento de processos inflamatórios crônicos e de câncer
Abstract: Carcinogenesis is a long process involving several steps, in which normal cells progressively acquire a neoplastic phenotype. Its origin is favored by genetic factors, exposure to chemical carcinogens, chronic infections and incorporation of mutations into genes involved in regulation of cellular homeostasis. The increasing understanding of tumor biology has provided molecular targets for screening of targeted chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agents, usually from natural sources or synthesized based on natural products. The improvement of organic chemistry allowed the synthesis of natural products in an economic and refined way, with improvement on their physicochemical properties and availability. This work focuses on goniothalamin, a styryl-lactone naturally found on its enantiomeric form (R), in plants of Goniothalamus (Annonaceae) genus. The (R), (S) and racemic forms were synthesized and led to growth inhibition and cell death in a panel of nine human tumor cell lines, with high potency. Despite the potency against MCF-7 (breast carcinoma responsive to estrogen), estrogen stimulation studies revealed that the goniothalamin activity is independent of the hormone pathway. Anyway, racemic goniothalamin inhibited on 65% the proliferation of MCF-7 implanted into semi permeable fibers (hollow fiber) in mice. Flow cytometry analysis showed that low concentration of racemic goniothalamin (10 ?g/mL) leads colon tumor cell line (HT-29) to apoptosis with involvement of caspase 8 and 9, suggesting the activation of the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Apoptosis was also induced in human melanoma cell line SK-MEL-2, but the activity was decreased in SK-MEL-2 transfected with Bcl-XL, a mitochondrial related apoptotic inhibitor, suggesting mainly activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, with activation of the intrinsic pathway to amplify the signal. Goniothalamin on its three forms comproved in vivo the in vitro activity by inhibiting tumor development in models of Ehrlich solid and ascitic tumor in mice, without signals of toxicity at the effective doses. These results, combined with good yields in the synthetic rout favored the racemic form to continue the in vivo studies. Considering that about 25% of tumors are related to chronic inflammation, racemic goniothalamin was evaluated in models of paw edema induced by carrageenan and various mediators (phospholipase A2, histamine/serotonin, prostaglandin E2 and bradykinin) displaying anti-edematogenic activity in all models. Corroborating these results, goniothalamin showed antinociceptive effect in models of algesia induced by inflammatory processes. It also inhibited the development of TNBS-induced colitis and oral treatment (30mg/kg, three times/week, three months) prevented the development of inflammation and cancer in interleukin-10 deficient mice, without signals of toxicity. These data were revealed after macroscopic and microscopic (histology) colon damage analysis, with decreased expression of TNF? and MMP9, which are important in inflammation, invasion and metastasis process. Furthermore, goniothalamin reduced the incidence of lung metastasis in a metastatic melanoma model. These results and the multitarget profile presented by goniothalamin suggest its evaluation in combinatory therapies for treatment of chronic inflammation and cancer
Doutorado
Biologia Celular
Doutor em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
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Garcia, Stéphane. "TP53INP1 [Tumor Protein 53 Induced Nuclear Protein 1] : un nouvel acteur dans le processus inflammation-cancer." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX20661.
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Peyvandi, Sanam. "Les cellules Myéloïdes Dans le Microenvironnement Tumoral : Rôle de FasL." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00968103.
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La voie Fas-FasL est la voie majeure d'apoptose dont le rôle est indispensable pour l'homéostasie des cellules hématopoïétiques et la tolérance périphérique. Mon projet de thèse consiste à étudier le rôle de FasL dans la réponse anti tumorale, notamment le rôle de son expression sur les cellules myéloïdes, en l'occurrence les macrophages et les cellules myéloïdes suppressives.Les souris Fasl KO sont caractérisées par une accumulation des différentes populations de cellules hématopoïétiques dans les organes lymphoïdes périphériques. Cependant, elles ne développent pas de tumeurs spontanées. De façon intéressante, nos résultats montrent que lors qu'elles sont transplantées par les cellules tumorales, leur survie est significativement diminuée par rapport aux souris contrôles (Fasl fl/fl), ce qui suggère un rôle de FasL dans la réponse anti-tumorale. Une caractérisation fine de la répartition des cellules myéloïdes chez les souris Fasl KO porteuses de tumeur, montre une répartition différentielle des cellules Gr1+, par une accumulation des M-MDSC, dans la rate de ces souris. En plus, un enrichissement de l'infiltrat tumoral par les macrophages TAM chez les souris Fasl KO a été observé. Ces macrophages, indépendamment de génotype exècrent une forte activité d'arginase et iNOS et une inhibition de la prolifération des cellules T in vitro. Ainsi, la mortalité plus importante chez les souris Fasl KO pourrait, en partie, être associée à cet enrichissement des TAM dans l'infiltrat des souris déficientes en FasL.Afin de déterminer si cette accumulation des cellules myéloïdes immunosuppressives déficientes en FasL est spécifique d'un environnement tumoral ou le reflet d'un état inflammatoire, nous avons examiné le phénotype des macrophages dans un modèle d'inflammation induite par le thioglycollate. Les résultats montrent que les macrophages CD11b+F480+, recrutés sur le site de l'inflammation, lorsqu'elles sont déficientes en FasL, sur-expriment les gènes anti-inflammatoires comme IL-10, Arg1, CCL17. La caractérisation plus fine de cette population de macrophages a montré que la population responsable de ce phénotype suppressive est F480+CD115+IL-4R+. Chez les souris Fasl KO, le pourcentage des macrophages F480+CD115+IL-4R+ est significativement augmenté en comparaison avec les souris contrôles. L'analyse fonctionnelle de cette population CD115+ a montré que ces cellules, inhibent la prolifération et la production d'IFN- des cellules T activées. Ces caractéristiques fonctionnelles sont en faveur d'un phénotype anti-inflammatoire de ces macrophages, qui lorsqu'ils sont déficients en FasL, leur recrutement sur le site de l'inflammation est plus important.L'ensemble de ces résultats suggère que l'expression de FasL sur les cellules myéloïdes pourrait jouer un rôle dans leur polarisation vers un phénotype pro inflammatoire. Ainsi, ce travail pourrait apporter de nouvelles approches de levée de l'immunosuppression pour une immunothérapie efficace.
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Zeidler, Patti C. "Particle-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis role of inflammatory mediators in the initiation and progression of occupational lung disease /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=3022.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2003.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 190 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Kostyk, Amanda Gail. "Tumor necrosis factor-[alpha] : a critical cytokine at the crossroads of fibrosis and inflammation in the lung /." Connect to full text via ProQuest. Limited to UCD Anschutz Medical Campus, 2006.
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Thesis (Ph.D. in Immunology) -- University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, 2006.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 182-208). Free to UCDHSC affiliates. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;
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Yasuda, Michiko. "Studies of Food Factors that Suppress Inflammation and Tumor Promotion via Regulation of Programmed Cell Death 4." Kyoto University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/120915.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第15587号
農博第1837号
新制||農||984(附属図書館)
学位論文||H22||N4460(農学部図書室)
28108
京都大学大学院農学研究科食品生物科学専攻
(主査)教授 入江 一浩, 教授 井上 國世, 教授 河田 照雄
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Mola, Silvia. "Tumor Associated Macrophages (TAMs) a pivotal orchestrator in cancer-related inflammation and a new important target in cancer-therapy." Doctoral thesis, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/11579/127797.
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Macrophages are pivotal orchestrators of tumor-promoting inflammation and promising targets for new anti-cancer therapies. To identify new molecular players underlying their pro-tumoral activities, we analyzed the phosphoproteoma of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) isolated from murine fibrosarcoma. We identified the protein TRIM28, a pleiotropic molecule that is known to be involved in the dynamic organization of chromatin, and we characterized the signaling pathway driving its phosphorylation in response to inflammatory signals and its impact on LPS-induced gene expression. We explored in vivo the functional relevance of TRIM28 and found a significant reduction of colitis associated cancer lesions in mice lacking TRIM28 in intestinal epithelial cells. Single cell RNAseq analysis pointed out alterations of both immune and intestinal cell populations during the transition from colitis to cancer, that are dependent on TRIM28. Overall, these results identify TRIM28 as a new molecular target at the crossroads between inflammation and cancer.
Beyond contributing to tumorigenesis, TAMs can profoundly affect the response to anti-cancer therapies. We investigated their impact on EPZ-6438, an inhibitor of the histone methyltransferase EZH2 that has recently entered in clinical trials due to the anti-proliferative effects shown on malignant pleural mesothelioma cells (MPM). We generated an MPM spheroid model that recapitulates in vitro, both monocyte recruitment in tumor and their functional differentiation towards a TAM-like phenotype (Mo-TAMs) capable of promoting tumor cell proliferation and spreading. Prolonged treatment of MPM spheroids with EPZ-6438 enhances both Mo-TAMs recruitment and pro-tumor phenotype expression, thereby limiting the anti-proliferative effects due to EZH2 inhibition in MPM cells. These findings indicate that strategies of TAM depletion should be combined with EPZ-6438 to improve the therapeutic efficacy of pharmacological EZH2 inhibition.
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Penglis, Peter Savas. "The relationships between eicosanoid production and pro-inflammatory cytokines." Title page, contents and summary only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php3985.pdf.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 182-240). Explores alternate strategies that may alter inflammatory cytokine production, particularly tumour necrosis factor đ [tumor necrosis factor-alpha], and therefore provide a possible treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.
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Garé, Ricardo Rodrigues. "Efeitos do reiki na evolução do granuloma induzido através da inoculação do BCG em hamsters e do tumor ascítico de Ehrlich induzido em camundongos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10133/tde-12012009-094100/.
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Estudaram-se os efeitos da influência do Reiki na evolução do granuloma induzido experimentalmente pela inoculação do BCG no coxim plantar de hamsters, assim como os efeitos da mesma terapia em camundongos portadores do tumor ascítico de Ehrlich in vivo e in vitro. No modelo de inflamação granulomatosa crônica, utilizou-se 40 hamsters machos, os quais após serem inoculados com BCG no dia 0 no coxim da pata posterior direita, foram separados em dois grupos contendo 20 animais em cada. Um grupo denominado controle o qual não recebeu nenhum tratamento, e um grupo denominado Reiki, o qual recebeu reiki por 15 minutos, diariamente, a uma distância de 30 cm. Imediatamente antes da inoculação foi realizada a medida do diâmetro da pata a ser inoculada, sendo que as medições continuaram até o momento do sacrifício dos animais, sendo realizadas em dias alternados. No modelo de tumor ascítico de Ehrlich, foram utilzadas 26 camundongos fêmeas, as quais foram injetadas com células de Tumor de Ehrlich pela via intraperitoneal, sendo este considerado dia 0 do experimento. Em seguida estes camundongos foram separados em 3 grupos: controle (n=8), reiki A (n=9) e reiki B (n=9). Grupo controle não recebeu nenhum tipo de tratamento, grupo Reiki A recebeu reiki por 10 minutos, diariamente, à uma distância de 30 cm e grupo Reiki B recebeu manipulação e uma técnica diferente de Reiki. Os animais então foram observados diariamente até o dia de óbito. Em relação ao edema de pata, foi observada diminuição deste nos hamsters inoculados com BCG e tratados com Reiki. Com respeito à avaliação da taxa de sobrevida em camundongos com tumor ascítico de Ehrlich, observou-se maior taxa de sobrevida nos camundongos inoculados pertencentes ao grupo Reiki A.We studied the effects of the influence of Reiki in the evolution of the experimental induced granuloma by the inoculation of BCG in the footpad of hamsters, and the effects of the same therapy in mice with Ehrlich ascitic tumor in vivo and in vitro. In the chronic granulomatous inflammation model, it was used, 40 male hamsters, which, after been inoculated with BCG in day 0, it was separated in two groups with 20 animals per group: control and reiki. The control group received no treatment, and reiki group, which was treated with Reiki by 15 minutes, daily, from 30 cm of the box. Immediately before the inoculation, the footpad diameter was measured, and after this measure was made in every other day, until complete 54 days. In the Ehrlich ascitic tumor model, it was used, 26 female mice inoculated with Ehrlich tumor cells, by intraperitoneal via, in the day 0. After that, the mice were separated in three groups: control (n=8), reiki A (n=9) and reiki B (n=9). The control group received no treatment, reiki A group received Reiki treatment by 10 minutes, daily, from 30 cm of the box, and reiki B group, which was manipulated and received a different way of Reiki treatment. The mice were observed daily until death in order to analyze survival rate. As regards granuloma evaluation it was observed a reduced footpad edema in hamsters inoculated with BCG and treated with Reiki. In relation to survival rate assay, it was observed an increased lifespan of those mice of the reiki A group.
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Lima, Joanna Darck Carola Correia. "O papel do infiltrado inflamatório no tumor e sua contribuição para inflamação sistêmica e desenvolimento da caquexia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42134/tde-12082016-100836/.
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A caquexia associada ao câncer é caracterizada pela perda de peso severa e um desequilíbrio metabólico.Acredita-se que resulta da interação entre o hospedeiro e tumor que induz a inflamação sistêmica,portanto compreender essa relação é fundamental para a descoberta de marcadores efetivos para diagnóstico.O objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar diferenças nos infiltrados imunitários do tumor e analisar aspectos moleculares ligados à inflamação,a fim de avaliar se a presença da caquexia é determinada pelo perfil inflamatório do tumor.O estudo envolveu pacientes com câncer colorretal e posteriormente distribuídos em dois grupos:Câncer sem caquexia(WSC) e Câncer com caquexia (CC).A análise histopatológica mostrou que o estadiamento independende da caquexia e caracterização dos macrófagos infiltrantes resultou M2 menor em CC,já a expressão proteica de citocinas indicou IL-13 menor em CC e citocinas pró-iflamatórias estavam aumentadas em CC. A correlação de macrófagos com citocinas foi positiva com M1 e negativa com M2.Esses resultados fornecem evidências de que o tumor possui um perfil de secreção diferente entre os grupos no que diz respeito a fatores inflamatórios e diferentes percentuais de fenótipo de macrófagos.Cancer cachexia is characterized by severe weight loss and large metabolic imbalance.It is a result of the interaction between the host\'s cells and the tumour, which induces systemic inflammation.Understand the relationship is required for the discovery of diagnostic markers.The aim of the present study was to characterize differences in inflammatory tumour infiltrate and molecular aspects in order to assess whether the presence of cachexia is determined by the inflammatory tumour profile. The study involved patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer and then distributed into two groups: cancer without cachexia(WSC) and cancer cachexia(CC).Histopathological analysis showed that the presence of cachexia in patients with colo-rectal cancer was independent from tumour staging.Characterization of infiltrating macrophages revealed a lower percentage of M2 profile in CC.Protein expression of cytokines demonstrated lower of IL-13 in CC and pro-inflammatory cytokines is higher in CC. Correlation between macrophages and cytokines was shown positive with macrophages type M1.These results provide evidence that tumor has a different secretion profile between the groups with regard to inflammatory factors and different percentages of macrophage phenotype.
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Caughey, Gillian Elizabeth. "Regulation of interleukin-1[Beta] and tumor necrosis factor[alpha] synthesis by fatty acids and eicosanoids /." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc371.pdf.
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Berkhout, Laura Katharina [Verfasser], and Gisa [Akademischer Betreuer] Tiegs. "Role of Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 in a mouse model of chronic liver inflammation / Laura Katharina Berkhout ; Betreuer: Gisa Tiegs." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1214370373/34.
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COCCO, MARTINA. "Polarization of tumor associated macrophages in ovarian cancer ascites: relationship with cancer-related anemia and associated inflammation and iron metabolism changes." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/255967.
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Background: Ovarian cancer is the solid tumor in which cancer-related anemia (CRA) is more severe. The tumor microenvironment of ovarian cancer could be one of the most suitable “ex vivo” model to know the origin of cancer-related anemia. In fact, tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) produce high levels of IL-6.Some papers suggest a role for them in the synthesis of hepcidin; both factors have been significantly related with CRA. Moreover, iron handling is an important signature of macrophage polarization that thus may play a central role in inducing of the development of CRA.
Aim of the study: to assess the TAMs polarization in the context of ovarian cancer microenvironment, their ability to release hepcidin beyond Il-6 and their correlation with CRA and associated iron metabolism alterations.
Patients and methods: Fifty patients with primary ovarian cancer have been enrolled from June 2015 to January 2017. TAMs were separated from ascites through a discontinuous density gradient. TAM presence and polarized phenotype was determined by staining cells with fluorescent antibodies against CD14 and one of the major M1 biomarker (CD80) or M2 biomarker (CD163). GLUT-1 expression as a marker of M1 polarization related to increased glycolytic activity was also assessed. Data were acquired through a FACScan flow cytometer using the CellQuest software (BD Biosciences). Moreover, TAM were cultured in complete medium at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2 in the presence of PHA: the synthesis of IL-6 and hepcidin and the progression into the cell cycle (S phase) was evaluated. Moreover, TAMs polarization as well as the synthesis of IL-6 and Hepcidin was correlated with the levels of Hb and the ascitic levels of inflammatory and iron-related metabolism parameters.
Results: TAMs isolated from ascites of primary ovarian cancer patients presented a mixed phenotype with a prevalence of CD14+/CD80+ (70±11%) cells, resembling a M1 phenotype, and a low percentage of CD14+/CD163+cells (16±9.5%), with a M1/M2 ratio of 3.3±1.5. The CD80 expression and the M1/M2 ratio were significantly inversely correlated with the Hb levels. All CD80+ cells were Glut-1+; then the percentage of CD80+/Glut-1+ cells among TAMs was high (68±11%) and it was significantly negatively correlated with Hb levels. The percentage of TAMs in S phase at the time of collection was 37±12% (indicating the they were functionally activated) and increased significantly after PHA stimulation. The production of IL-6 and hepcidin by PHA-stimulated TAMs increased significantly in comparison to non-PHA-stimulated cells (+659%, p=0.0005 for IL-6 and +227%, p=0.014 for hepcidin). Notably, such increases in the synthesis of IL-6 and hepcidin were significantly positively correlated with the CD80 expression and the M1/M2 ratio and were significantly negatively correlated with Hb levels.
Moreover, we observed that ascitic levels of IL-6, ROS, hepcidin, and ferritin were positively correlated with CD80 expression and the M1/M2 ratio and they were significantly inversely related with the Hb levels, whilst ascitic free iron levels were positively related with Hb. Notably, CD80 expression and M1/M2 ratio were positively related with ascitic IL-6, ROS, hepcidin and ferritin levels, whilst they were inversely related with ascitic free iron levels.
Conclusions: Our preliminary results suggest a role of M1 polarized macrophages in the pathogenesis of cancer-related anemia and related iron metabolism disorders in primary ovarian cancer. Future development are to better define the metabolic profile of polarized macrophages through the assessment of the molecular pathway involved in cell energy metabolism (Arginase, Tryptophane, IDO, mTOR pathways) and the correlation between TAM polarization with patient clinical outcome (OS, PFS and response to anticancer treatment).
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Beringer, Audrey. "IL - 17 et réponse inflammatoire systémique : focus sur le foie et le muscle." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1318/document.
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L’interleukine (IL)-17 et le TNFa sont deux cytokines pro-inflammatoires jouant un rôle important dans diverses maladies inflammatoires systémiques et auto-immunes affectant différents organes et tissus comme le foie et les muscles. Cependant, les rôles de l’IL-17 et du TNFa restent encore mal compris dans les muscles et le foie, qui est impliqué dans la réponse en phase aiguë. En utilisant des cultures de myoblastes, d’hépatocytes et de cellules stellaires hépatiques humaines, nous avons trouvé que l’IL-17 et le TNFa augmentent en synergie la sécrétion de la cytokine pro-inflammatoire IL-6 et de plusieurs chimiokines. Dans les myoblastes, l’IL-17 et le TNFa induisent un stress oxydatif et une dérégulation de calcium montrant ainsi que les processus pathologiques immuns et non-immuns interagissent. Dans les hépatocytes, en augmentant en synergie les niveaux de la CRP et des transaminases, l’IL-17 et le TNFa participent à l’inflammation systémique et aux dommages cellulaires. Etant donné que des infiltrats de cellules immunitaires sont retrouvés lors d’atteintes inflammatoires, les interactions cellulaires contribuent certainement à la chronicité de l’inflammation. Des cellules mononuclées du sang périphérique activées ou non ont ainsi été placées en co-cultures avec les myoblastes, les hépatocytes et les cellules stellaires. Par comparaison aux monocultures, les productions de l’IL-6 et de la chimiokine IL-8 étaient augmentées dans les co-cultures. L’IL-17 et le TNFa contribuaient partiellement à ces effets. Les effets systémiques de l’IL-17 et du TNFa en font donc des cibles thérapeutiques attrayantes pour le traitement des nombreuses maladies inflammatoires systémiquesInterleukin-17A (IL-17) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNFa) are two pro-inflammatory cytokines playing an important role in various systemic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders affecting different organs and tissues including the liver and the muscles. However, the roles of IL-17 and TNFa are not fully understood in the muscles and also in liver, which is crucial in the acute phase response. By using cultures of human myoblasts, primary human hepatocytes, human HepaRG cells and LX-2 hepatic stellate cells, we found that IL-17 and TNFa increase in synergy the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and chemokines (IL-8, CCL20, MCP-1). In myoblasts, the IL-17 and TNFa stimulation induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and calcium dysregulation showing that immune and non-immune pathogenic mechanisms interplay. In hepatocytes, IL-17 and TNFa mediate systemic inflammation and cell damage by increasing in synergy the CRP acute-phase protein and transaminase levels through the induction of IL-6. Since active liver and muscle disorders are characterized by inflammatory infiltrates of immune cells, the cell interactions play certainly an important role in the chronicity of the inflammation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells activated or not were therefore co-cultured with myoblasts, hepatocytes and/or hepatic stellate cells to assess the inflammatory role of the cell-cell interactions. Co-cultures enhance the production of IL-6 and IL-8 compared to monocultures. IL-17 and TNFa contribute partially to these inductions. The systemic effects of IL-17 and/or TNFa make them attractive therapeutic targets for the treatment of various systemic inflammatory disorders
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Tjomsland, Vegard. "Studies of the tumor microenvironment : Local and systemic effects exerted by the cross-talk between tumor and stroma cells in pancreatic cancer." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Molekylär virologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-67632.
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Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancers and despite all research efforts the last 50 years, there are still no effective therapy for this terrible disease. Until quite recently most research in the field of pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma (PDAC) was focused on the tumor cells and mechanisms essential for their proliferation and survival. However, the tumor does not only consist of tumor cells, rather a combination of tumor cells and numerous stroma cell types, i.e. the tumor microenvironment. The tumor cells have developed the ability to activate the surrounding cells to produce factors important for the progression of the tumor. Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the major stroma component and as much as 70% of the total PDAC tumor mass consists of these cells. In this thesis I have investigated the mechanisms involved in the cross-talk between tumor cells and CAFs and distinguished the local and systemic effects of this communication. Tumor derived IL-1α was identified as an important factor creating the inflammatory profile seen in CAFs. In PDAC patients, IL-1α was detected in 90% of the tumors and high expression was associated with poor clinical outcome. Moreover, the PDAC tumors had elevated expression levels of many inflammatory factors that were induced in CAFs by the tumor derived IL-1α in vitro. Consequently, this high expression of inflammatory factors in CAFs will attract immune cells including tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), dendritic cells (DCs), and CD8+ T cells. This indicates an immune suppressive role of CAFs, protecting the tumor cells by acting as decoy targets for immune cells homing into the tumor. The inflammatory factors produced in the PDAC microenvironment did not only affect the infiltrating immune cells, but had also systemic effects that included decreased levels of blood DCs in PDAC patients. Furthermore, these myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs were partly activated and had a semi mature phenotype and impaired immunostimulatory function. Low levels of blood DCs were direct associated with poor patient prognosis and the same was seen for low expression of ICOSL by the DCs. The findings presented in this thesis indicate an essential role for the cross-talk between tumor cells and stroma in the production of tumor promoting factors. Treatment of PDAC patients with drugs that target the IL-1α signaling pathway could prevent the communication between these cells, thus reduce the amount of inflammatory factors both locally and systemically. Altogether, our findings support the idea that neutralization of the IL-1α signaling molecule could be a promising therapy for pancreatic cancer. The findings presented in this thesis indicate an essential role for the cross-talk between tumor cells and stroma in the production of tumor promoting factors. Treatment of PDAC patients with drugs that target the IL-1α signaling pathway could prevent the communication between these cells, thus reduce the amount of inflammatory factors both locally and systemically. Altogether, our findings support the idea that neutralization of the IL-1α signaling molecule could be a promising therapy for pancreatic cancer.Mindre än 5% av patienterna som drabbas av cancer i bukspottkörteln förväntas överleva i mer än fem år. De typiska symtomen kommer sent och sjukdomen framskrider snabbt. Några av de riskfaktorer som identifierats är tobaksrökning, fetma och typ 2 diabetes. Forskningen har hittills siktat in sig på tumörcellerna och de mekanismer de använder för att överleva och föröka sig. Men en tumör innehåller också normala kroppsceller och vid bukspottkörtelcancer kan så mycket som 70 procent bestå av i sig ofarliga bindvävsceller. Miljön i tumören skapas av samspelet mellan dessa celltyper. De cancerceller som är bäst på att utnyttja omgivningen för sin tillväxt fortlever och för sina egenskaper vidare. En sådan egenskap är att kunna manipulera bindvävsceller till att producera signalsubstanser och tillväxtfaktorer som gynnar tumören. Mekanismerna bakom denna kommunikation har studerats och ett viktigt fynd var att tumörcellerna producerar signalämnet interleukin 1-alpha (IL-1a). Detta protein upptäcktes i 90 procent av de undersökta tumörerna, och var kopplat till dålig prognos hos patienterna. Signalen via IL-1a sätter igång tillverkningen av substanser som behövs för nybildning och tillväxt av blodkärl, i sin tur en förutsättning för att tumören ska leva vidare och växa. Proteinet stimulerar också celldelning i tumören, bidrar till att lura kroppens immunförsvar och underlättar spridning av dottertumörer till andra delar av kroppen. När vi slår ut signaleringen kan tumörcellerna inte längre påverka bindvävscellerna lika effektivt, och således minskar förekomsten av flera faktorer som gynnar tumörtillväxten. IL-1a kan därför vara en lovande kandidat att utforska vidare för framtida som ett läkemedel mot bukspottkörtelcancer.
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Mumprecht, Viviane Denise. "In vivo imaging of tumor- and inflammation-induced lymph node lymphangiogenesis and proteomic profiling for the identification of surface-accessible lymphatic markers /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=18414.
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Kumari, Vandana [Verfasser], A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Radbruch, M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Worm, and P. [Akademischer Betreuer] Franken. "Mechanisms underlying the regulatory function of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in skin inflammation / Vandana Kumari. Gutachter: A. Radbruch ; M. Worm ; P. Franken." Berlin : Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1081211180/34.
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Wilkie, Tasha Wilkie. "Tumor Commensal Microbiota Activates an S100A7-TLR4-STAT-3 Signaling to Induce Chronic Inflammation and Consequent Growth and Metastasis of Breast Cancer." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1524214470077411.
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Yuan, Kai. "Metabolic inflammation and immunomodulation in dairy cows." Diss., Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17294.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
Barry J. Bradford
The transition period in dairy cows is characterized by dramatic increases in nutrient requirements for lactation and substantial metabolic stress. The disturbed metabolic balance, coupled with suppressed immune function, contributes to markedly elevated incidence of health disorders. Several lines of evidence suggest that increased inflammation is common during the transition period. Unlike the classical inflammation associated with acute infection, the postpartum inflammatory state is low-grade and often of metabolic origin. This metabolic inflammation plays a key role in numerous disorders; an improved understanding of inflammatory pathways in transition cows may improve our ability to predict and prevent disorders. To mimic metabolic inflammation, in Experiment 1, we administered low amounts of recombinant bovine tumor necrosis factor-α (rbTNFα), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, to early lactation cows, and evaluated whether rbTNFα affects milk production, metabolism, and health. We found that rbTNFα administration increased systemic inflammation, decreased feed intake and milk yield, and increased incidence of disorders. Conversely, preventing excessive inflammation has the potential to improve productivity and health of dairy cows. To identify nutritional strategies that could enhance metabolism and immunity, we evaluated the efficacy of several feed additives. In Experiment 2, we evaluated effects of chromium propionate, rumen-protected lysine and methionine, or both on metabolism and immunity in lactating dairy cows, and found that supplementation of these nutrients may enhance neutrophil function. In Experiment 3, we determined whether supplementation of yeast product to transition cows could enhance production, metabolism, and immunity, and found that yeast product modulated feeding behavior, metabolism, immunity, and uterine inflammation. Overall, a greater understanding of the role of metabolic inflammation in the transition period and the nutritional strategies that could modulate these signals may improve the production and health of dairy cows.
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Esteves, Bruna. "Avaliação da atividade anti-inflamatória e antitumoral dos extratos de Solidago chilensis, Aristolochia cymbifera e Piper umbellatum." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2017. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4032.
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As plantas medicinais são uma grande fonte para o desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a atividade anti-inflamatória e antitumoral de extratos de Solidago chilensis (G10, G11, G12), Aristolochia cymbifera (G13) e Piper umbellatum (G14). Estas espécies vegetais foram selecionadas com base em seu extenso uso na medicina popular para o tratamento de queimaduras, doenças reumáticas e inflamatórias, como sedativas, antipiréticas, entre outros. Como metodologia, primeiramente os extratos foram testados para sua citotoxicidade em células RAW264.7 (método de MTT). Em seguida, a atividade antiinflamatória dos extratos foi determinada através da produçao de óxido nítrico (método de GRIESS) e das citocinas TNF-α e MCP-1 (método de ELISA). Uma vez determinado o extrato mais promissor, sua ação foi avaliada sobre a produção de outras citocinas pro-inflamatórias (IL-1β, IL-6 e IL-12), bem como sobre a expressão de moleculas co-estimuladoras, proliferação celular e produção de IFN-. A influência do extrato no processo inflamatório também foi determinada in vivo, utilizando o modelo de edema de orelha. A atividade antitumoral foi determinada em linhagens murinas de câncer de mama (4T1) e de melanoma (B16) pelo método de MTT. Como resultados, nas concentrações não toxicas, o extrato G14 foi o único capaz de reduzir a produção de NO, TNF-α e MCP-1, sendo assim selecionado para os testes posteriores. Este extrato também inibiu a produçao de IL-1β, IL-6 e IL-12, a expressão dos coestimuladores CD40 e CD80, além de reduzir a proliferação de esplenócitos e a produção de IFN- . No ensaio in vivo, o extrato G14 foi efetivo em reduzir o edema, o infiltrado inflamatório, a produção de IL-1β, IL-6 e MCP-1 assim como da enzima mieloperoxidase. Resultados semelhantes foram encontrados nos testes in vitro realizados como o 4-nerolidilcatecol, composto majoritário presente no extrato G14. Em relação a atividade antitumoral, o extrato G12 foi o que mais se destacou, reduzindo a sobrevivência das duas linhagens estudadas em até 50%. Os resultados apresentados nos permitem concluir que tanto o extrato G14 quanto o composto 4NC foram efetivos na redução do processo inflamatório enquanto o extrato G12 se destacou por reduzir a sobrevivência de células tumorais.
Medicinal plants are a great source for the development of new medicines. In this context, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity of Solidago chilensis (G10, G11, G12), Aristolochia cymbifera (G13) and Piper umbellatum (G14) extracts. These plant species were selected based on their extensive use in folk medicine for the treatment of burns, rheumatic and inflammatory diseases, such as sedatives, antipyretics, among others. As a methodology, the extracts were first tested for their cytotoxicity in RAW264.7 cells (MTT method). The anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts was determined by the production of nitric oxide (GRIESS method) and the cytokines TNF-α and MCP-1 (ELISA method). Once the most promising extract was determined, its action was evaluated on the production of other proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-12), as well as on the expression of costimulatory molecules, cell proliferation and production of IFN-. The influence of the extract on the inflammatory process was also determined in vivo using the ear edema model. Antitumor activity was determined in murine (4T1) and melanoma (B16) murine cell lines by the MTT method. As a result, in the non-toxic concentrations, the G14 extract was the only one able to reduce the production of NO, TNF-α and MCP-1, being thus selected for the subsequent tests. This extract also inhibited the production of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-12, the expression of CD40 and CD80 costimulators, as well as reducing splenocyte proliferation and IFN-γ production. In the in vivo assay, G14 extract was effective in reducing edema, inflammatory infiltrate, IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP-1 production as well as the myeloperoxidase enzyme. Similar results were found in the in vitro tests performed as 4-nerolidylcaltechol, the major compound present in the G14 extract. In relation to the antitumor activity, G12 extract was the most outstanding, reducing the survival of the two strains studied by up to 50%. The results show that both the G14 extract and the 4-NC compound were effective in reducing the inflammatory process while the G12 extract was highlighted by reducing the survival of tumor cells.
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Bertling, Frederik [Verfasser], and Ursula [Akademischer Betreuer] Felderhoff-Müser. "Tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 protein : A novel neuroprotective factor against inflammation-induced developmental brain injury / Frederik Bertling ; Betreuer: Ursula Felderhoff-Müser." Duisburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1143518705/34.
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Kantola, T. (Tiina). "Systemic inflammation in colorectal cancer:the role of cytokines and endostatin." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2015. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526210544.
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Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most common cancers in Finland. Prognostic factors are important for predicting disease outcome and adjusting optimal treatment. The currently used prognostic methods for CRC have their limitations and consequently several biomarkers have been studied to find potential prognostic markers, but none have been adapted for routine use so far. In the present study, the relationships between the components of the immune system and other factors modulating tumor growth were assessed and their suitability to be used for use as prognostic tools in CRC were studied. The study material consisted of blood samples and surgical specimens collected from 148 CRC patients operated on in Oulu University Hospital and blood samples of 86 healthy controls. Concentrations of endostatin and 27 cytokines were measured from preoperative serum samples and control samples. Immunohistochemical methods were used for collagen XVIII and inflammatory cell analyses. The levels of several cytokines were altered in CRC patients compared to the controls. The serum cytokine profile achieved an excellent accuracy in discriminating CRC patients from healthy controls. Advanced CRCs were associated with elevated cytokine levels and a metastasized disease was linked to an orientation towards Th2 cytokine milieu. The presence of systemic inflammation, depicted by a modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS), correlated to CRC progression. The serum endostatin levels were elevated in CRC and correlated with invasion through muscular layer and systemic inflammation, but not with densities of local inflammatory cells. Collagen XVIII was expressed in tumor stroma and in the muscle layer of bowel wall. The serum cytokines and tumor infiltrating immune cells showed relatively weak associations. In conclusion, CRC is associated with significant alterations in serum cytokine milieu, which underlines the relevance of studying several cytokines and their relative alterations. The serum cytokine profile is a promising tool for discriminating CRC patients from healthy controls, but its clinical value needs to be validated. The elevated endostatin levels may result from invasion-related cleavage of collagen XVIII in the bowel wall, but further studies are needed to determine the value of endostatin in CRC prognosisTiivistelmä Paksu- ja peräsuolisyöpä (kolorektaalisyöpä) on yleisimpiä syöpämuotoja Suomessa. Sen ennustetta kuvaavat mittarit ovat tärkeitä taudin etenemisen ennustamisessa ja hoidon suunnittelussa. Käytössä olevat kolorektaalisyövän ennusteen arvioinnin menetelmät eivät ole riittäviä. Uusia merkkiaineita onkin kehitetty ja testattu, mutta rutiinikäyttöön soveltuvia menetelmiä ei ole vielä löydetty. Tässä tutkimuksessa selvitettiin immuunijärjestelmän ja muiden kasvaimen kasvua säätelevien tekijöiden keskinäisiä yhteyksiä ja niiden merkitystä kolorektaalisyövän ennusteen arvioinnissa. Tutkimusmateriaali koostui Oulun yliopistollisessa sairaalassa leikattujen kolorektaalisyöpäpotilaiden (n = 148) leikkaus- ja verinäytteistä ja terveiden verrokkihenkilöiden (n = 86) verinäytteistä. Endostatiinin ja 27 sytokiinin pitoisuudet mitattiin seeruminäytteistä. Kollageeni XVIII:n ja tulehdussolujen analysoimiseen käytettiin immunohistokemiallisia menetelmiä. Useiden sytokiinien pitoisuudet olivat korkeammat potilailla kuin verrokeilla, mutta osassa sytokiineista pitoisuudet olivat alentuneet. Seerumin sytokiiniprofiili erotteli luotettavasti potilaat verrokeista. Pidemmälle edenneeseen tautiin liittyi sytokiinien korkeampia pitoisuuksia ja etäpesäkkeitä muodostanut tauti oli yhteydessä Th1-tyypin sytokiinien esiintymiseen. Systeeminen tulehdusreaktio oli yhteydessä syövän etenemiseen. Endostatiinipitoisuudet olivat kohonneet potilailla ja olivat yhteydessä kasvaimen invaasioon suolen seinämän lihaskerroksen läpi. Endostatiinipitoisuudet korreloivat myös systeemisen tulehdusreaktion kanssa, mutta eivät liittyneet paikallisten tulehdussolujen määrään. Kollageeni XVIII ilmentyi kasvaimen stroomassa ja suolen seinämän lihaskerroksessa. Sytokiineilla ja kasvaimen paikallisilla tulehdussoluilla todettiin olevan vain vähän keskinäisiä yhteyksiä. Kolorektaalisyöpään liittyy useita erisuuntaisia muutoksia seerumin sytokiinipitoisuuksissa, joten on olennaista tutkia eri sytokiinien suhteellisia muutoksia. Seerumin sytokiiniprofiili on lupaava potilaita ja verrokeita erotteleva mittari, jolla voi olla diagnostista arvoa. Kohonneet endostatiinipitoisuudet potilailla voivat johtua kasvaimen invaasioon liittyvästä kollageeni XVIII:n hajoamisesta suolen seinämässä, mutta lisätutkimuksia tarvitaan endostatiinin ennustetta kuvaavan arvon määrittämiseksi
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Behr, Delphine. "Etude de la production de marqueurs de l'inflammation lors de la circulation extra-corporelle : intérêt des cytokines." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P140.
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Descamps, Laurence. "Etude des mecanismes des alterations physiopathologiques de la barriere hemato-encephalique experimentalement soumise a un etat inflammatoire." Lille 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL2P254.
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Perrier, Julie. "Criblage virtuel et expérimental de chimiothèques pour le développement d’inhibiteurs des cytokines TNF-alpha et IL-6." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM0978.
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Les biothérapies (anticorps monoclonaux, récepteurs solubles) ciblant les cytokines IL-6 etTNF-alpha pour le traitement des maladies inflammatoires chroniques ont constitué un succèsmajeur de l’industrie pharmaceutique. Elles présentent néanmoins des inconvénientsimportants : résistances, mode d’administration contraignant, coût élevé.Notre équipe travaille sur l’identification de petites molécules inhibant directement cescytokines, afin d’élargir l’offre thérapeutique existante. Administrées par voie orale, ellesconstitueraient une alternative particluièrement favorable aux patients.Durant ma thèse, j’ai réalisé le criblage expérimental (tests cellulaires et tests biochimiquesde liaison) des meilleurs composés identifiés par criblage virtuel d’un grande chimiothèque dediversité, ainsi que de composés dérivés de pyridazine issus d’une chimiothèque médicinale. J’aiainsi pu identifier plusieurs inhibiteurs directs du TNF-alpha et de l’IL-6. De plus, mon travail apermis d’affiner les procédures de criblage du Laboratoire.Ces travaux ouvrent de nouvelles pistes pour le développement de médicaments anti-cytokinesAnti-cytokine biologics (monoclonal antibodies, soluble receptors) targeting TNF-alpha and IL-6in chronic inflammatory diseases have been a major success for pharmaceutical industry.However, they exhibit several drawbacks : resistance, difficult administration, high costs.Our team works on the discovery of small molecule inhibitors of cytokines suck as TNF-alphaand IL-6, in order to widen the range of therapeutic drugs. Orally active drugs would represent ahighly beneficial alternative for patients.During my PhD, I have performed an experimental screening (using cellular and biochemicalbinding testings) of the best compounds identified through virtual screening of a large chemicallibrary, and on pyridazine compounds of a medicinal chemical library. I have been able toidentify several small molecules inhibiting the interaction of TNF-! and IL-6 with their receptor.Moreover, my work will have an impact on the laboratory screening strategies.Overall, this work opens new avenues for anti-cytokine drug discovery
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Simonneau, Marie. "Implication de l'Oncostatine M dans la genèse et le développement des carcinomes épidermoïdes cutanés." Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT1403/document.
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Le carcinome épidermoïde cutané (CEC) est l'un des cancers les plus fréquents et il est résistant aux traitements chimiothérapeutiques classiques. De nombreuses études montrent que selon leur phénotype les cellules du microenvironnement inflammatoire peuvent inhiber (cellules Th1/M1) ou favoriser (cellules Th2/M2) le développement tumoral. En fonction des cytokines présentes dans ce microenvironnement, il est possible de reprogrammer les cellules immunitaires et de les rendre moins permissives au développement tumoral. L’onconstatine M (OSM) est une cytokine aux effets pléiotropes, elle peut favoriser la prolifération, l’invasion tumorale des cellules tumorales et induire une polarisation immunitaire Th2/M2. Nous avons montré que l'OSM a des effets pro-inflammatoires au niveau cutané et qu’elle module le phénotype des kératinocytes normaux mais son rôle dans les CEC n’est pas décrit. Nous avons donc étudié l’implication de l'OSM dans le développement des CEC. Nous avons montré que l'OSM était surexprimée dans les CEC humains ainsi que d'autres cytokines comme l'IL-6, l'IL-1β, l'IFNγ suggérant une polarisation Th1/M1 des cellules du microenvironnement. In vitro, l'OSM induit l’activation de voies de signalisation pro-tumorales (STAT3 - ERK) au niveau de kératinocytes murins malins ainsi que leur prolifération et leur migration. La greffe de ces cellules chez la souris entraine le développement de CEC associés à une surexpression d'OSM. Enfin, l’absence d'OSM entraine une diminution du volume tumoral de 30% et à une réduction de la polarisation M2. Collectivement, ces résultats suggèrent un rôle pro-tumoral de l'OSM dans le développement des CEC et le blocage de cette cytokine pourrait constituer une nouvelle alternative thérapeutiqueCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the most frequent keratinocyte malignancies worldwide and is chemotherapy resistant. Surgery is the curative treatment but there isn’t any alternative in advanced cSCC. Reprogramming tumor microenvironment and tumor immunosuppressive mechanisms is a new therapeutic approach. Indeed, depending on cytokine expressed in tumor microenvironment, immune cells can inhibit (Th1/M1 cells) or enhance (Th2/M2 cells) tumor development. It was previously showed that Onconstatin M (OSM) had pleiotropic effects on cancer cells. OSM can promote cancer by inducing tumor cells motility, invasiveness or by reprogramming immune cells toward a more permissive phenotype (M2 polarization). Our previous data showed that OSM has proinflammatory effects on skin and modulate normal keratinocyte phenotype both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we hypothesized that OSM could be involved in cSCC development. We showed that OSM was overexpressed in human cSCC as well as other cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1β, IFNγ whereas IL-4 was decreased, suggesting a Th1/M1 polarization of cSCC microenvironment. In vitro, OSM induced STAT-3 and ERK signalization, modified gene expression, promoted proliferation and migration of malignant keratinocyte PDVC57 cells. PDVC57 cells grafted in skin mice led to cSCC development associated to OSM overexpression by immune infiltrated cells. Finally, we showed that the absence of OSM led to a 30% reduction of tumor size and reduced M2 polarization in tumor microenvironment. Collectively, these results support a pro-tumoral role of OSM in cSCC development and suggest a new therapeutic approach targeting this cytokine
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Sá, Carla Sandrina Rendall Moreira. "Estudo da participação dos receptores do tipo Toll-2 e Toll-4 e da molécula adaptadora MyD88 no desenvolvimento do diabetes auto-imune experimental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42133/tde-18032014-151145/.
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O diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DMT1) é uma doença autoimune caracterizada pela destruição das células b pancreáticas, por citocinas (IFN-g, IL-1b, e TNF-a) produzidas por macrófagos e linfócitos Th1. A participação de TLRs no desenvolvimento desta doença tem sido demonstrada, porém os mecanismos envolvidos são poucos elucidados. Neste trabalho avaliamos o papel de TLR-2, TLR-4 e molécula adaptadora MyD88 no desenvolvimento do DMT1 experimental induzido por múltiplas doses de estreptozotocina. Foi observada maior severidade do DMT1 em animais TLR-2 KO, elevada glicemia e acentuada perda de peso. Um maior infiltrado celular inflamatório, aumento da expressão de bax, caspase-3 e diminuição no número de ilhotas foram observados no grupo de animais TLR-2 KO. Interessantemente, uma diminuição significante na frequência de células T reguladoras foi verificada no baço dos animais TLR-2 KO diabéticos. A deficiência do TLR-2 resultou no desenvolvimento exacerbado do DMT1, sugerindo um importante papel dos TLR-2 na modulação da resposta imune desenvolvida nesta doença.Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by pancreatic beta cell destruction by activated macrophages and Th1 lymphocytes. The role of TLRs has been demonstrated in this disease, however the mechanisms involved in this process have not yet been fully explained. We evaluated the role of TLR-2, TLR-4 and MyD88 adaptor molecule in the development of experimental autoimmune diabetes induced by multiple low-doses of streptozotocin in C57Bl/6 mice. TDM1 was more severe in TLR-2 KO mice, with higher blood glucose levels and weight loss. Increased cellular infiltrate, bax and caspase-3 expression was detected in the pancreatic islets of the diabetic TLR-2 KO group suggesting a greater destruction of pancreatic cells. Interestingly, a decreased number regulatory T cells was observed in the spleen of diabetic TLR-2 KO animals. Hence, TLR-2 receptor deficiency resulted in exacerbated development of experimental autoimmune diabetes, thereby suggesting an important role for this receptor in the modulation of the immune response developed in this disease.
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Hamasato, Eduardo Kenji. "A influência da convivência com um parceiro doente sobre a resposta inflamatória alérgica pulmonar em camundongos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10133/tde-29092016-103925/.
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As relações bidirecionais entre o Sistema Nervoso e o Sistema Imune são relevantes para a manutenção da homeostase do organismo. Estudos realizados em nosso laboratório mostraram que 14 dias de coabitação com um conspecífico doente (injetado com células do tumor de Ehrlich-TAE) produziu mudanças comportamentais, endócrinas e imunológicas. Este estudo analisa os efeitos da convivência com um animal portador de tumor de Ehrlich em camundongos OVA sensibilizados e desafiados sobre a resposta alérgica pulmonar. Pares de camundongos machos foram separados em três grupos: naïve, controle e experimental. Os animais do grupo naïve não foram manipulados sendo utilizados para a avaliação de parâmetros basais. Um animal de cada par dos grupos experimental e controle foi imunizado com OVA. No dia D(0), os animais imunizados receberam uma dose reforço de OVA. No dia D(0) os camundongos do grupo experimental que não foram manipulados foram inoculados com 5x106 células de tumor de Ehrlich; seus companheiros de gaiola moradia foram designados CAD (companheiro do animal doente). Os camundongos não perturbados de cada par do grupo controle foram tratados (i.p.) em D(0) com 0,9% de NaCl, sendo designados CAS (companheiro do animal saudável). O desafio intranasal com OVA foi realizado nos camundongos CAS e CAD nos dias D(12) e D(13); colheram-se o sangue e os tecidos no dia D(14). Em comparação com o grupo CAS, os camundongos do grupo CAD apresentaram 14 dias após a coabitação: (1) aumento do número de eosinófilos e neutrófilos no LBA, (2) diminuição na contagem de células da medula óssea, (3) aumento do níveis de IL-4 e IL-5 e diminuição de IL-10 e INF-ϒ no sobrenadante do LBA, (4) aumento dos níveis de IgG1-OVA, diminuição dos níveis de IgG2a-OVA e nenhuma alteração na IgE-OVA no sangue periférico, (5) aumento na expressão de ICAM-1, VCAM-1 e L-selectina em granulócitos do LBA, (6) diminuição da reatividade da traquéia à metacolina in vitro, (7) aumento da desgranulação de mastócitos, (8) nenhuma alteração nos níveis plasmáticos de corticosterona, (9) aumento dos níveis de adrenalina e noradrenalina plasmáticas, (10) diminuição no tempo de permanência e entradas nos braços abertos do labirinto em cruz elevado, (11) diminuição da expressão de IL-6 no PVN e (12) diminuição da expressão de C-fos no PFC. Estes resultados mostram que a convivência forçada com um animal portador de um tumor ascitico de Ehrlich exacerba a inflamação alérgica pulmonar de camundongos. Eles foram discutidos como decorrentes da estimulação do Sistema Nervoso Autônomo Simpático (SNS) pelo estresse psicológico gerado pela coabitação com o parceiro doente, via liberação de adrenalina e noradrenalina e consequente mudança no perfil de citocinas Th1/Th2 para uma resposta do tipo Th2. Esta alteração seria, provavelmente, um dos mecanismos responsáveis pelo aumento do recrutamento celular para as vias aéreas dos camundongos do grupo CAD.The bidirectional relationship between the nervous system and the imune system is relevant for homeostatic organism maintenance. Studies from our laboratory showed that 14 days of cohabitation with a sick conspecific (injected with Ehrlich tumor cells-TAE) produced behavioral, endocrinological and immunological changes. This study analyzes the effects of cohabitation with an Ehrlich tumor-bearing animal on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced lung inflammatory response in mice. Pairs of male mice were separate into three groups: naïve, control and experimental. Animals of the naïve group were kept undisturbed being used for assessment of basal parameters. One animal of each experimental and control pair of mice was immunized with OVA. On D(0), these OVA-immunized animals received an OVA booster. At this day (D(0)) the experimental mice that were kept undisturbed were inoculated with 5x106 Ehrlich tumor cells; their immunized cage-mates were then referred as to CSP(companion of sick partner). The undisturbed mice of each control pair were i.p. treated on D(0) with 0.9% NaCl; their sensitized cage-mate were subsequently referred as CHP (companion of health partner). The intranasal OVA challenge was performed on CSP and CHP mice on D(12) and D(13); blood and tissue collection were performed on D (14). Fourteen days after cohabitation, in comparison to the CHP mice, the CSP mice displayed the following: (1) an increased number of eosinophils and neutrophils in the BAL, (2) a decreased bone marrow cell count, (3) increased levels of IL-4 and IL-5 and decreased levels of IL-10 and INF-ϒ in the BAL supernatant, (4) increased levels of IgG1-OVA, decreased levels of IgG2a-OVA and no changes in OVA-specific IgE in the peripheral blood, (5) increased expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and L-selectin in the BAL granulocytes, (6) decreased tracheal reactivity to metacholine measured in vitro , (7) increased mast cell degranulation, (8) no changes in plasma corticosterone levels (9) increased levels of plasmatic adrenaline and noradrenaline, (10) decreased time and % of entries on open arms of elevated plus maze, (11) decreased expression of IL-6 on PVN and (12) decreased expression of C-fos on PFC. These results suggest that cohabitation with an Ehrlich tumor bearing mice exacerbates allergic lung inflammatory response in mice. Most probably, the changes observed in CSP mice are a consequence of the psychological stress induced by forced cohabitation with the sick partner. Strong involvement of the sympathetic nervous system through adrenaline and noradrenaline release and a shift of the Th1/Th2 cytokine profile toward a Th2 response were considered to be the mechanisms underlying the cell recruitment to the animal´s airways.
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Rodriguez, Alejandro. "Studies of Stroma Formation and Regulation in Human Pathological Conditions and in Experimental in vivo Models." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-120688.
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Fibrosis is a sequel of chronic inflammation and is defined as an excessive deposition of collagen that ultimately leads to organ dysfunction. To date there are no effective treatments for fibrosis. The main cell type involved in collagen deposition and organization is the myofibroblast. In the first study we examined how myofibroblasts differentiate in human fibrotic conditions and in experimental animal models. Human tissues were stained with antibodies that recognize integrin receptors and in addition we also stained for α-SMA, a myofibroblast marker. We found a co-localization between these two markers in stromal cells and hypothesized that integrin α1 is important for the acquisition of the myofibroblast phenotype. To tests this hypothesis we used knockout animals for this integrin subunit. These animals showed a reduction of α-SMA positive fibroblasts, indicating that the α1 integrin subunit is required for proper myofibroblast differentiation. In the second study we used a neuroblastoma tumor model to study tumour growth when a drug targeting the synthesis of cellular NAD was administered. In treated animals an expansion of the nonvascular stroma was observed compared to controls. Normalization of the vasculature was observed in treated tumors together with a decrease in hypoxia. Moreover, this was followed by a decrease in stromal PDGF-B and VEGF expression, suggesting a deactivation of the stroma. In the third study the effects of over-expression of the two pro-fibrotic growth factors TGF-β and PDGF-B in skin was evaluated. We observed that both growth factors induced fibrosis. Over time, a decrease in blood vessel density was observed in both treatment groups. Both factors also stimulated an expansion of the connective tissue cell population originating from the microvascular pericyte, but the phenotype of these cells differed in the different treatments with regards to expression of markers. Furthermore, in tissue over-expressing PDGF-B but not TGF-β, the fibrotic process was partially reversible.
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Akiel, Maaged A. "CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ROLE OF INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR BINDING PROTEIN 7 (IGFBP7) USING A GENETIC KNOCKOUT MOUSE MODEL." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4695.
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In the US, the incidence and mortality rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are alarmingly increasing since no effective therapy is available for the advanced disease. Activation of IGF signaling is a major oncogenic event in diverse cancers, including HCC. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-7 (IGFBP7) inhibits IGF signaling by binding to IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and functions as a potential tumor suppressor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). IGFBP7 abrogates tumors by inducing cancer-specific senescence and apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis. We now document that Igfbp7 knockout (Igfbp7-/- ) mouse shows constitutive activation of IGF signaling, presents with pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive microenvironment, and develops spontaneous tumors in lungs and liver and markedly accelerated carcinogen-induced HCC. Loss of Igfbp7 resulted in increased proliferation and decreased senescence in hepatocytes and mouse embryonic fibroblasts that could be blocked by an IGF-1 receptor inhibitor. A significant inhibition of genes regulating immune surveillance was observed in Igfbp7-/- livers which was associated with marked inhibition in antigen cross presentation by Igfbp7-/- dendritic cells. IGFBP7 overexpression inhibited growth of HCC cells in syngeneic immune competent mice, which could be abolished by depletion of CD4+ or CD8+ T lymphocytes. Our studies unravel modulation of immune response as a novel component of pleiotropic mechanisms by which IGFBP7 suppresses HCC. Even though HCC has an immunosuppressive milieu, immune targeted therapies are beginning to demonstrate significant objective responses in clinical trials. IGFBP7 might be an effective anti-HCC therapeutic by directly inhibiting cancer cells and stimulating an anti-tumor immune response.
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Farrow, Michael John. "The effect of androstenediol on gene expression and NF-kappaB activation in vitro." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1187109346.
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Hastir, Jean-Francois. "Study of the fate of resident macrophages and monocytes upon partial liver resection and their impact on hepatocarcinoma outgrowth." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/308316.
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Partial hepatectomy (PH) is a treatment of choice for patients suffering from early stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ablation of large proportion of the liver is rendered possible because of the ability of the liver to regenerate. Yet, a significant number of patients will experience recursion of the disease. Such relapses are unfortunately rather frequent and constitute a bad prognosis. The development of new strategies aiming at reducing the risk of recursion of HCC is thus a paramount element of the surgery-based treatment. Some previous studies have proposed that the regenerative process as well as the fate of the immune cells during the liver regeneration process is linked to this recurrence phenomenon.In this study, we investigated the impact of PH on HCC development in a pre-clinical murine model. We implanted Hepa1-6 hepatocarcinoma cells (a murine hepatocarcinoma cell line) directly in the liver of mice and compared a non-resected group with a group undergoing 40% PH one week following tumor implantation. Analysis were relying on bioluminescence imaging and flow cytometry. We demonstrated that liver regeneration increases tumoral proliferation. This proliferation was associated with a reduction in the number of liver resident macrophages, i.e. Kupffer cells (KC). KC anti-tumoral activity was also proved using conditional ablation model. We further studied the mechanisms leading to this disappearance and demonstrated that, under normal regeneration conditions, PH-induced KC number reduction was dependent on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), receptor interacting protein kinase (RIPK) 3 and caspase-8 activation whereas interleukin (IL)-6 acted as a KC pro- survival signal. In mice with previous Hepa 1-6 encounter, the KC reduction changed toward a TNF-α-RIPK3-caspase-1 activation. This data suggest a switch from apoptosis to pyroptosis induction in KC following PH. Moreover, KC disappearance associated with caspase-1 activity induced the recruitment of monocyte derived cells that are beneficial for tumor growth while caspase-8 dependent reduction did not, underlying the importance of macrophages activated death-pathway in regulating the anti-tumoral immune response. Our results show the necessity for comprehensive multidisciplinary treatment approach following PH and propose new targets in order to reduce the relapse of the disease occurring after surgery.Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Doyle, Todd A. "Inflammatory Pathways Linking Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Depression." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1332460860.
Full text
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Touhami, Sara. "L’hypoxie et l’inflammation sous-rétinienne dans le contexte de la dégénérescence maculaire liée à l’âge." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS553.
Full textAbstract:
L'hypoxie pourrait être un facteur causal dans la dégénérescence maculaire liée à l'âge, caractérisée par une infiltration anormale de phagocytes mononucléés (PMs) dans l’espace sous rétinien (ESR). Nous avons précédemment montré que le facteur H du complément (CFH) inhibe l'élimination des PMs dépendant de la thrombospondine 1 (TSP-1). Ici, nous montrons que l'hypoxie (10%O2) augmente l'infiltration de ces cellules et inhibe la résolution de l'inflammation sous-rétinienne après impacts lasers chez la souris. In vitro, l'hypoxie (2%) retarde l'élimination des monocytes humains (Mo) en coculture avec l'épithélium pigmentaire rétinien (EPR), habituellement immuno-suppresseur. In vivo, l’hypoxie diminue la quantité d’ARNm de Tsp-1 et augmente celle du Cfh et du Tnfα dans les Mo qui participent à l'inflammation dans l’ESR. Contrairement aux animaux wild type, l’hypoxie n’a aucun effet sur l’infiltration exagérée des PMs observée chez les souris normoxiques Thbs1-/-, mais diminue leur accumulation chez les souris normoxiques Cfh-/-. L’injection intravitréenne d'un anticorps bloquant le CFH ou de la protéine recombinante TSP-1 permet d’inverser l'effet pathogène de l'hypoxie. Le TNFα provoque la dédifférenciation de l’EPR in vitro, diminuant son immunosuppressivité, ce qui pourrait participer à la perpétuation de l'accumulation des Mo dans l’ESR. Nos résultats démontrent que l'hypoxie perturbe l'immunosuppression sous-rétinienne TSP-1-dépendante, augmente l'expression du TNFα par les Mo et favorise la pérennisation d’une inflammation pathogène dans l’ESR. Nous montrons que l'effet de l'hypoxie peut être contré par une inhibition locale du CFH ou l’administration de TSP-1Hypoxia is suspected to be one of the essential triggers in the pathogenesis of age related macular degeneration, characterized by abnormal mononuclear phagocyte (MP) infiltration. We recently showed that the inhibition of the TSP-1 (thrombospondin 1) dependent physiological elimination of MPs by complement factor H (CFH) plays an important role in subretinal MP accumulation. Here, we showed that ambient 10%O2 hypoxia increased subretinal MP infiltration and inhibited inflammation resolution after laser-induced subretinal injury, compared to normoxia (20,9%O2) in mice. In vitro, hypoxia (2%) delayed the elimination of human primary Monocytes (Mo) in coculture with immune-suppressive retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). In vivo, 10% hypoxia decreased Tsp-1 and increased Cfh and Tnfα mRNA expression in Mo that participate in the subretinal inflammation. Interestingly, contrary to wildtype animals, hypoxic ambient air had no effect on the exaggerated subretinal MP infiltration observed in normoxic Thbs1-/-mice, but diminished MP accumulation in normoxic Cfh-/-mice. Intravitreal injections of a CFH blocking antibody or recombinant TSP-1 completely reversed the pathogenic effect of hypoxia. In vitro, exogenous TNFα caused RPE cell dedifferenciation, decreasing their immunosuppressivity, which likely perpetuates Mo accumulation in the subretinal space. Together, our results demonstrate that systemic hypoxia disturbs TSP-1-dependent subretinal immune suppression, increases TNFα expression by Mo and promotes pathogenic subretinal inflammation. We show that the pathogenic effect of hypoxia can be therapeutically countered by local recombinant TSP1 or CFH inhibition
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Pretorius, Rachelle Ann. "Body composition and systematic low-grade inflammation in children : the PLAY study / Rachelle A. Pretorius." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1096.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Obesity-related diseases are arising as a major problem among children. inflammation
has recently been identified to play an important role in the relationship between obesity.- as well as
stunting-related diseases.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the association between serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha
(TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations and a variety of
cardiometabolic and anthropometric indices of children in a township outside Potchefstroom, South
Africa.
Methods: Blood samples of 115 girls and 78 boys (mean age 15.6 ± 1.35) in the Physical Activity in
the Young (PLAY) study were cross-sectionally analysed. Trained fieldworkers collected the
demographic, Tanner growth stage and habitual physical activity information. Physiologists measured
the children’s blood pressure. Anthropometric measurements were taken by. trained post-graduate
students with level 1 or 2 qualifications in anthropometrics. A standard test battery was administered
by trained postgraduate students in Human Movement Science to assess muscular strength. flexibility
and endurance of the children. Blood samples were collected, centrifuged and stored frozen until
further analyses.
Results: Stunted girls had a significantly higher serum TNF-α concentration than the non-stunted girls
(p=0.03). The factor analyses showed that the inflammatory. status clustered with the height for age-z-scores
(HAZ) scores and the waist-hip-ratio (WHR). The HAZ-score of the over-fat boys (- 1.46) was
significantly smaller than the lean boys (- 1.14, p=0.0 1). whereas the over-fat girls had a trend for a
smaller HAZ-score (-1.07) than the lean girls (-0.89). No significant differences were found between
the over-fat and the lean children-s inflammatory status. TNF-α and CRP levels tended to be higher in
the over-fat children than in lean children. The girls' scrum IL-6 and CRP concentrations correlated
significantly with their body mass index (BMI) and WHR (p<0.05 )and their TNF-α and IL-6
concentrations correlated significantly with their WHR (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively).
Conclusion: In comparison to the non-stunted girls, stunted girls had a statistically significantly higher
TNF-α concentration. Unusual fat distribution that is found in over-fat and stunted children may be
associated with low-grade inflammation in children. More research is needed on these associations with
markers of inflammation in a long-term longitudinal study.Thesis (M.Sc. (Nutrition))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.
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Väyrynen, J. (Juha). "Immune cell infiltration and inflammatory biomarkers in colorectal cancer." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526206417.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies and causes of cancer deaths in Finland. Increased number of tumor-infiltrating immune cells has been associated with improved survival in CRC. However, accurate, reproducible analysis methods, as well as better understanding of the interrelationships between different inflammatory markers would be important in order to establish a valuable prognostic and potentially predictive tool. In these studies, a computer-assisted method for the analysis of the densities of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and a quantitative method for the evaluation of CRC-associated lymphoid reaction (CLR) were adopted and validated. Utilizing the new methods, the inflammatory cell infiltration was characterized in independent groups of 418 (Cohort 1) and 149 (Cohort 2) CRC patients. Serum matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) levels were measured in Cohort 2 and in a control group of 83 healthy age- and gender-matched controls. The automated cell counting method was found accurate and reproducible. In the tumor samples, there were high positive correlations between different types of immune cells, with the exception of mast cells and CD1a+ immature dendritic cells. High numbers of T cells predicted improved disease-free survival. High CLR density correlated with low tumor stage, but also with better survival regardless of stage. The median serum MMP-8 level of the patients was more than three times higher than that of the healthy controls. In conclusion, the present studies provide insight into the significance of various immune cell types and inflammatory markers in CRC and validate new methods for the analysis of immune cell infiltration in CRC. The results suggest that, especially, the densities of tumor-infiltrating T cells and CLR represent relevant prognostic indicators in CRC. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential value of serum MMP-8 as an aid for CRC diagnostics, surveillance, or prognosticationTiivistelmä Kolorektaalisyöpä on yksi yleisimmistä pahanlaatuisista kasvaintaudeista ja syöpäkuolemien aiheuttajista Suomessa. Tulehdussolujen korkean määrän kasvainnäytteissä on havaittu olevan yhteydessä potilaiden parempaan ennusteeseen. Tarkat ja luotettavat analyysimenetelmät sekä tieto eri tulehdusmerkkiaineiden keskinäisistä yhteyksistä olisivat tärkeitä, jotta tulehdussolukon määritystä voitaisiin luotettavasti käyttää potilaiden ennusteen arviointiin. Tutkimuksessa otettiin käyttöön ja validoitiin uusi tietokonepohjainen menetelmä kasvaimen tulehdussolukon arviointiin sekä uusi menetelmä kolorektaalisyövän imukeräsreaktion arviointiin. Kasvainnäytteiden tulehdussolukon määrää ja laatua analysoitiin itsenäisissä 418 (Kohortti 1) ja 149 (Kohortti 2) kolorektaalisyöpäpotilaan aineistoissa uusia menetelmiä hyödyntäen. Lisäksi kohortilta 2 sekä 83 terveeltä ikä- ja sukupuolivalikoidulta verrokilta määritettiin seerumin matriksin metalloproteinaasi-8 (MMP-8) -taso. Tietokonepohjaisen kuva-analyysin tarkkuus ja toistettavuus todettiin erinomaiseksi. Kasvainnäytteistä analysoitujen tulehdussolutyyppien määrät olivat riippuvaisia toisistaan mast-soluja ja CD1a+ epäkypsiä dendriittisoluja lukuun ottamatta. T-solujen runsas määrä oli yhteydessä taudin vähäisempään uusiutumisriskiin. Korkea imukerästiheys kasvainnäytteissä oli yhteydessä matalaan levinneisyysasteeseen sekä potilaiden parempaan ennusteeseen levinneisyysasteesta riippumatta. Seerumin MMP-8-tason mediaani oli potilailla yli kolme kertaa korkeampi kuin terveillä verrokeilla. Tutkimus tuo lisätietoa eri tulehdussolutyyppien ja tulehdusmerkkiaineiden merkityksestä kolorektaalisyövässä, ja sen tuloksena validoitiin uusia tulehdussolukon analysointimenetelmiä. Tulosten perusteella erityisesti kasvaimen alueen T-solujen ja imukerästen tiheys tuovat hyödyllistä tietoa potilaiden ennusteesta. Lisätutkimuksia tarvitaan seerumin MMP-8:n mahdollisesta soveltuvuudesta kolorektaalisyövän diagnostiikan, seurannan tai ennusteen määrittämisen apuvälineeksi
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Vieira, Cristiano Pedrozo 1986. "Efeito da nutrição terapêutica a base de Camellia sinensis (chá verde) e ração rica em glicina sobre a tendinite do tendão calcanear de rato = Effect of therapeutic nutrition on the basis of Camellia sinensis (green tea) and glycine-diet on the tendinitis of Achilles tendon of rats." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317356.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Edson Rosa PimentelTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T15:25:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vieira_CristianoPedrozo_D.pdf: 3245048 bytes, checksum: 0556c35183a4503cef8427390d086781 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Resumo: Nutrição terapêutica é a administração de alguns nutrientes, em doses maiores que as necessidades alimentares diárias que podem prevenir deficiências orgânicas e atuar como agentes farmacológicos. A glicina apresenta amplos efeitos benéficos em processos inflamatórios e tumorais. O Chá verde feito de folhas e brotos da planta Camellia sinensis, é a segunda bebida mais consumida em todo mundo. O interesse econômico e social tem ganhado espaço no mercado e atualmente seu consumo faz parte da rotina diária de muitas pessoas que utilizam essa bebida como uma finalidade terapêutica. O Chá verde possui propriedades antimutagênicas, antidiabéticos, antiinflamatórias, antioxidante, antimicrobial e hipocolesterolêmica. A tendinite é reconhecidamente um problema clínico que motiva a comunidade científica a buscar tratamentos que auxiliem no restabelecimento das propriedades funcionais dos tendões. O presente estudo investigou o efeito do chá verde e ou da ração rica em glicina após 7 e 21 dias da indução da tendinite com colagenase. Ensaios bioquímicos, moleculares, morfológicos e biomecânicos foram desenvolvidos. Além disso, tenócitos em cultura foram tratados com glicina após inflamação induzida por TNF-?. Nossos ensaios in vivo mostraram altas concentrações de hidroxiprolina e glicosaminoglicanos no grupo glicina e chá em 21 dias de tratamento. Nos ensaios biomecânicos os grupos chá verde e dieta de glicina em 21 dias suportaram maiores cargas biomecânicas antes da ruptura. Além disso, uma melhor organização das fibras de colágeno foi observada no grupo chá verde em 7 dias. Análises bioquímicas e moleculares da junção miotendínosa mostraram que a inflamação instalada na região osteotendinea pode provocar alterações significativas nesse local. Marcantes alterações foram notadas nas metaloproteínases (MMP) tais como MMP-2, MMP-8 e MMP-9 em animais com tendinite tratados ou não com chá verde e glicina. No estudo in vitro, tenócitos extraídos a partir de tendão de Aquiles foram tratados com TNF-?, seguindo ou não de tratamento com glicina em meio de cultura. Antes e após 24 horas da inflamação foi adicionado glicina. Tenócitos inflamados e tratados com glicina mostraram expressão de colágeno tipo I próxima aos grupos tratados com glicina previamente e depois da inflamação quando comparado ao grupo controle. Todos os grupos tratados com glicina mostraram menor expressão de MMP-2. A atividade da MMP-9 foi alta apenas no grupo tratado com glicina em 48 horas. A concentração de ácido urônico foi menor no grupo tratado com glicina 24 horas após a inflamação. No ensaio de migração celular, resultados em 24 horas de tratamento foram similares ao grupo controle. Em geral, tanto a glicina quanto o chá verde influenciam na síntese dos componentes do tendão, melhoram a organizaçao das fibras colagênicas, aumentam a resistência a cargas do tendão inflamado e consequentemente aceleram o processo de remodelamento após indução da tendinite. Além disso, o tratamento com glicina em cultura de tenócitos mostrou uma reorganização eficiente da matriz extracelular, corroborando com os resultados encontrados in vivo
Abstract: Therapeutic nutrition is the administration of some nutrients, in higher doses than those recommended for the daily food needs that can prevent dysfunctions and act as pharmacological agents. Glycine has large beneficial effects in inflammatory and tumor processes. Green tea made from leaves and buds of the Camellia sinensis plant, is the second most consumed beverage in the world. The economic and social interest has gained space in the market and currently its consumption is part of the daily routine of many people who use this drink as a therapeutic purpose. Green tea has antimutagenic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial and hypocholesterolemic properties. Tendinitis is recognized as a clinical problem that motivates the scientific community to investigate treatments that help in restoring the functional properties of tendons. The present study investigated the effect of green tea and/or diet rich in glycine after 7 and 21 days of tendinitis collagenase-induced. Biochemical, molecular, morphological and biomechanical tests were developed. Furthermore, tenocytes in culture were treated with glycine after inflammation induced by TNF-?. Our tests in vivo showed high concentrations of hydroxyproline and glycosaminoglycans in glycine and green tea group in 21 days of treatment. In biomechanical assay, green tea and glycine diet groups in 21 days showed a high biomechanical loads bore before rupture. In addition, better organization of collagen fibers was observed in green tea group in 7 days. Biochemical and molecular analyzes of myotendinous junction showed that the inflammation installed in osteotendinious region can cause significant change in that region. Remarkable changes were noted in metalloproteinases (MMP) such as MMP-2, MMP-8 and MMP-9 in animals with tendinitis treated with or without glycine and green tea. In the in vitro study, tenocytes from Achilles tendon were treated with TNF-?, or not following treatment with glycine in the culture medium. Before and 24 hours after inflammation was added glycine. Tenocytes inflamed and treated with glycine showed expression of collagen type I close to the treated groups with glycine previously and after the inflammation when compared to the control group. All treated groups showed less glycine MMP-2 expression. The activity of MMP-9 was high only in the group treated with glycine for 48 hours. In the cell migration assay results in 24 hours of treatment were similar to the control group. In general, both glycine and green tea influenced the synthesis of the tendon components, improve the organization of the collagenous fibers, increase the load resistance of the inflamed tendon and consequently accelerate the remodeling process after inducing tendinitis. In addition, the treatment with glycine in tenocytes culture showed efficient reorganization of the extracellular matrix, confirming the results found in vivo
Doutorado
Biologia Celular
Doutor em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
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Bleve, Augusto. "Decoding of epigenetic and metabolic events driving immune diversion of myeloid cells in cancer." Doctoral thesis, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11579/114772.
Full textAbstract:
Cancers induce ‘emergency’ hematopoiesis and expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), immunosuppressive and tumor-promoting cell populations, correlated with poor prognosis and resistance to chemo-immunotherapies. Molecular characterization of these cells offers new potential therapeutic opportunities. Previously, we showed that nuclear accumulation of p50 NF-kB transcription factor in TAM regulates expression of anti-inflammatory, pro-tumoral genes. Monocytic MDSC share myeloid progenitor and immunosuppressive properties with TAM. Here, we described how p50 NF-kB
mediates the protumor functions of M-MDSC. Indeed, during cancer-related inflammation, chronic production of PGE2 induces nuclear p50 accumulation in M-MDSC, epigenetically reprogramming the response to IFNγ towards an immunosuppressive phenotype. Myeloid-specific deletion of p50 or antagonists of PGE2 receptors restore the antitumor inflammatory response to IFNγ of MMDSC.
Recently, we identified that RORC1/RORγ drives cancer-related myelopoiesis. RORγ is a nuclear receptor co-activated by cholesterol-related molecules (eg. oxysterols). Of note, hypercholesterolemia predisposes to cancer and induces expansion of immature monocytes. Hence, we hypothesized an interplay between cholesterol metabolism and RORγ-driven myelopoiesis. Noteworthy, while tumor bearers (mice and humans) displayed increased levels of LDL-cholesterol, diet-induced hypercholesterolemia promotes metastasis and expansion of immunosuppressive M-MDSC and TAM. RORγ deficiency prevents hypercholesterolemia-induced
myelopoiesis disabling metastasis formation. Collectively, we identified p50 NF-kB as key driver of immunosuppressive M-MDSC in response to tumor-derived PGE2, and we underlined that RORγ induces emergency myelopoiesis remarkably in dyslipidemic conditions. Hence, inhibitors of PGE2/p50 NF-kB and of cholesterol/RORγ axis could be useful in the improvement of anticancer therapy.