Journal articles: 'Tumor diagnosis'

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CADAR, Ramona, and Dumitru MATEI. "Positive diagnosis in the small bowel tumor." Romanian Journal of Medical Practice 11, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjmp.2016.2.7.

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The small bowel tumor diagnosis is often late, in the course of this affection, which is explained by the low number of tumors and crude symptomatology (abdominal pain, wight loss, queasiness, vomit, ocult bleeding of gastro-intestinal tract). There is no unique investigation method of the small bowel for patient suspect of SMT. Choices are either X-ray (CT-scan, enteroclysis etc.) or endoscopic (upper endoscopy, wireless video endoscopy etc.). It has not been decided upon the best strategy or the series of investigations. The patient usually requires full imagistic explorations; laparotomy being sometimes useful in the selection of a positive diagnosis.

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Ballhause, Tobias M., Alexander Korthaus, Martin Jahnke, Karl-Heinz Frosch, Jin Yamamura, Tobias Dust, Carsten W. Schlickewei, and Matthias H. Priemel. "Lipomatous Tumors: A Comparison of MRI-Reported Diagnosis with Histological Diagnosis." Diagnostics 12, no. 5 (May 21, 2022): 1281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12051281.

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Lipomatous tumors are among the most common soft tissue tumors (STTs). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a state-of-the-art diagnostic tool used to differentiate and characterize STTs. Radiological misjudgment can lead to incorrect treatment. This was a single-center retrospective study. Two hundred and forty lipomatous tumors were included. MRI diagnoses were categorized as benign, intermediate, or malignant and were compared with histological diagnoses. Tumor volumes were measured by MRI and from surgical specimens. The tumor was correctly categorized 73.3% of the time. A total of 21.7% of tumors were categorized as more malignant in MRI reports than they were by histology, and vice versa for 5.0% of tumors. Volume measured by MRI was not different from actual tumor size in pathology. Atypical lipomatous tumors (ALTs) and liposarcomas (LPSs) were larger when compared with lipomata and occurred in older patients. Based on the MRI-suspected tumor entity, surgical treatment can be planned. Large lipomatous tumors in elderly patients are more likely to be ALTs. However, a safe threshold size or volume for ALTs cannot be determined.

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Arita, Kazunori, Makiko Miwa, Manoj Bohara, FM Moinuddin, Kiyohisa Kamimura, and Koji Yoshimoto. "Precision of preoperative diagnosis in patients with brain tumor – A prospective study based on “top three list” of differential diagnosis for 1061 patients." Surgical Neurology International 11 (March 28, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_5_2020.

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Background: Accurate diagnosis of brain tumor is crucial for adequate surgical strategy. Our institution follows a comprehensive preoperative evaluation based on clinical and imaging information. Methods: To assess the precision of preoperative diagnosis, we compared the “top three list” of differential diagnosis (the first, second, and third diagnoses according to the WHO 2007 classification including grading) of 1061 brain tumors, prospectively and consecutively registered in preoperative case conferences from 2010 to the end of 2017, with postoperative pathology reports. Results: The correct diagnosis rate (sensitivity) of the first diagnosis was 75.8% in total. The sensitivity of the first diagnosis was high (84–94%) in hypothalamic-pituitary and extra-axial tumors, 67–75% in intra-axial tumors, and relatively low (29–42%) in intraventricular and pineal region tumors. Among major three intra-axial tumors, the sensitivity was highest in brain metastasis: 83.8% followed by malignant lymphoma: 81.4% and glioblastoma multiforme: 73.1%. Sensitivity was generally low (≦60%) in other gliomas. These sensitivities generally improved when the second and third diagnoses were included; 86.3% in total. Positive predictive value (PPV) was 76.9% in total. All the three preoperative diagnoses were incorrect in 3.4% (36/1061) of cases even when broader brain tumor classification was applied. Conclusion: Our institutional experience on precision of preoperative diagnosis appeared around 75% of sensitivity and PPV for brain tumor. Sensitivity improved by 10% when the second and third diagnoses were included. Neurosurgeons should be aware of these features of precision in preoperative differential diagnosis of a brain tumor for better surgical strategy and to adequately inform the patients.

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Royero-Arias, Mónica Rocío, Luis Carlos Salazar-Díaz, and Luz Ángela Moreno-Gómez. "Wilms or non-Wilms tumors? Imaging features of renal tumors in pediatrics." Revista de la Facultad de Medicina 70, no. 1 (April 19, 2021): e88323. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v70n1.88323.

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Introduction: Identifying the imaging features of renal tumors in pediatric population allows reaching more accurate diagnoses and implementing more appropriate treatments. Objective: To describe the imaging findings of renal tumors in children and to assess the association between imaging findings and histological diagnosis of Wilms tumors versus Non-Wilms tumors, and between imaging features and intraoperative rupture of Wilms tumors, as well as the level of agreement between radiological and histological diagnosis (Wilms vs. Non-Wilms tumor). Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in 47 children with a kidney tumor pathological diagnosis treated between 2012 and 2018 in a pediatric hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. The patients’ medical records, as well as their ultrasound, tomography and magnetic resonance studies were reviewed. Two univariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between imaging findings and histopathological diagnosis and between imaging features and intraoperative rupture of Wilms tumors, calculating the respective Odds Ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval. In addition, the level of agreement between radiological and histological diagnosis was determined using the Kappa coefficient. Results: A significant association was found between histological diagnosis of Wilms tumor and the presence of necrosis, tumor enhancement, pseudocapsule, rupture signs, tumor volume and tumor size (OR: 21.6, 15.17, 14.57, 8.21, 7.93 and 4.37, respectively; p<0.05). An association between having Wilms tumor and lower frequency of metastases was also found (OR: 0.19; p<0.05). The Kappa coefficient between radiological diagnosis of Wilms/non-Wilms tumors and histological findings was 0.78 (95%CI: 0.59-0.96; p<0.05). Additionally, Wilms tumors volume was significantly associated with the occurrence of rupture (OR: 3.08; p<0.05). Conclusions: There are imaging findings such as necrosis, tumor enhancement and tumor volume that can help predict the histological diagnosis and intraoperative rupture risk of Wilms tumors.

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Shadab, Shahali, and Tadayon Tadayon. "Histopathological diagnosis of ovarian mass." Journal of Pathology of Nepal 8, no. 1 (April 3, 2018): 1261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v8i1.19448.

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Background: Ovarian cysts are common forms of gynecological problems that can be range from physiological cysts to highly aggressive neoplastic lesions. The purpose of this study was to investigate prevalence and frequency of different histopathological patterns of ovarian lesions and their correlation with various parameters in Ahvaz, Iran.Materials and Methods: This is the retrospective study of patients with the ovarian masses at Ahvaz Imam Khomeini Hospital from 2010 - 2015. The relevant clinical details about the patient were retrieved from hospital data. Clinical characteristics of patients such as patient's age, presenting signs and symptoms, histopathological diagnosis, mass type, mass subtype, size of cysts and ovary which is involved were noted. Results: Two hundred sixty seven specimens of ovarian tumor obtained for histopathological examination. Of these, 163(61.0%) were tumor like, 96(36.0%) were benign tumor and 8(3.0%) were malignant. The most common tumor like conditions was Corpus luteum cyst (43.4% cases), among benign and malignant tumors, mature cystic teratoma (17.2% of total) and Epithelial tumors (n=4) were most common. There is a statistically significant positive relation between age and various ovarian masses. (P= 0.002). Histopathological diagnosis wasn't correlated with ovarian involvement.Conclusion: Benign tumors are more common than malignant tumors in all age groups. Germ cell tumors followed by surface epithelial cell tumors are the commonest tumor. Mature cystic teratoma was the most common tumor. Unilaterality is more frequently seen in ovarian tumors and various tumors are seen in various age groups.

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Chand, Priyanka, Pratima Khare, Renu Gupta, Sonam Kumar Pruthi, Mukta Ahuja, and Aditi Jha. "Diagnostic Evaluation of Skin Adnexal Tumors by Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology." Acta Cytologica 60, no. 3 (2016): 246–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000447733.

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Background: The diagnosis of skin adnexal tumors is usually based on histopathology. However, fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) can be of great help and shows a high degree of correlation to the final diagnosis. It is helpful in many situations where skin lesions are a manifestation of certain systemic syndromes and aids to the formation of precise treatment plans. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was carried out to assess the diagnosis of skin adnexal tumors based on FNAC and their comparison with histopathological diagnoses. There were 14 patients with FNAC and histopathological follow-up in whom a final diagnosis of skin adnexal tumor was made. The results of FNAC were compared with histopathological diagnoses for complete correlation, partial correlation (cases where an FNAC diagnosis of skin adnexal tumor was made but a precise diagnosis of the subtype was not possible) or no correlation (where FNAC failed to diagnose a skin adnexal tumor). Results: Among the 14 cases of skin adnexal tumor, there was total correlation between the FNAC diagnosis and final histopathological diagnosis in 8 cases (57.1%) and a partial correlation in 4 cases (28.5%). There was no correlation of the FNAC diagnosis with the histopathological diagnosis in only 2 cases (14.3%). Conclusions: FNAC is very useful in making a diagnosis of skin adnexal tumors and helps in the management of the patient.

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Euscher, Elizabeth D. "Unusual Presentations of Gynecologic Tumors: Extragonadal Yolk Sac Tumor of the Vulva." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 141, no. 2 (December 13, 2016): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2016-0151-sa.

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Extragonadal germ cell tumors are uncommon, and although they morphologically resemble their gonadal counterparts, unexpected gonadal presentation increases the potential for erroneous diagnoses. Yolk sac tumor is a malignant germ cell tumor characterized by an extraembryonic yolk sac line of differentiation, and relative to other germ cell tumors, is characterized by varied and diverse histologic patterns. When occurring outside of typical age parameters or in extragonadal locations, the histologic variability of yolk sac tumor and its tendency to mimic somatic tumors pose diagnostic challenges. Because extragonadal yolk sac tumor of the vulva is very rare, with only isolated case reports and small series in the literature, it is often not considered in the differential diagnosis. As both prognosis and management of yolk sac tumor differ significantly from those of somatic tumors, accurate diagnosis is essential. This review discusses histologic features of extragonadal yolk sac tumor, addresses somatic tumors arising in the vulva for which yolk sac tumor may be confused, and provides guidance with respect to the use of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of yolk sac tumor.

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Hadi, Bayu Antara, and Mouli Edward. "Tumor Mimicking in Musculoskeletal System in Surabaya: A Case Series." Qanun Medika - Medical Journal Faculty of Medicine Muhammadiyah Surabaya 4, no. 1 (January 27, 2020): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.30651/jqm.v4i1.2652.

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ABSTRACTMusculoskeletal tumors are potential causes of heavy morbidity and economic burdens for patients. There are often cases suspected as musculoskeletal tumors based on a specific diagnostic modality because of overlapping features upon physical examination or a tumor-like appearance from the radiological examination, the more reason for triple diagnosis to be performed for an exact diagnosis. We report 5 cases of fractures tumor-mimicking lesions. The First patient, a patient with MRI revealing a primary malignant bone tumor, but with plain thorax x-ray and FNAB, the diagnosis was tuberculosis arthritis of the elbow. The second patient shows metastatic proses with plain radiographic, but from open biopsy, the diagnoses fall to chronic osteomyelitis. The third patient had a history of papillary carcinoma thyroid with pathological fracture of proximal of the left femur, but the biopsy shows a hypercalcemic state. The fourth patient, had mass size 20x15 cm at the thigh, but the biopsy shows Non-Specific Chronic Osteomyelitis. The fifth patient with progressive swelling of the left knee for one year, 10x10 cm in size, the biopsy showed no sign of malignancy but tuberculosis of left distal femur. In conclusion, standard comprehensive diagnosis steps consisting of clinical history, imaging, laboratory and histopathological examinations are crucial to differentiate tumor-mimicking lesions from neoplasms, thus ensuring proper treatment.Keywords: Tumour mimicking, osteosarcoma, chondroma, malignancy

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Wedad Abdul Khuder Naser *. "Brain tumor classification and diagnosis techniques." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 071–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2022.10.2.0036.

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One of the leading causes of increased mortality in both children and adults is a brain tumor. Tumor is a severe issue that has taken over the usual force that controls growth. On MRI pictures, there are several techniques for classification and detecting a brain tumor region. We present background reviews of many proposed techniques for detecting brain tumors in this paper. There is a lot of literature on diagnosing and improving the accuracy of this type of brain tumor.

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Bannowsky, Andreas, Andreas Probst, Helmut Dunker, and Tillmann Loch. "Rare and Challenging Tumor Entity: Phyllodes Tumor of the Prostate." Journal of Oncology 2009 (2009): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/241270.

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Cystic epithelial-stromal tumors of the prostate are rare, with 82 cases reported in literature. These cases have been published under a variety of diagnoses, including phyllodes tumor and prostatic stromal proliferation of uncertain malignant potential as well as a malignant tumor called “prostatic stromal sarcoma”. We report a case of a 60-year-old man with the histological diagnosis of phyllodes tumor of the prostate in transurethral resection specimen.

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Wang, Yi-Hui, Zhen Song, Xin-Yuan Hu, and Huai-Song Wang. "Circulating tumor DNA analysis for tumor diagnosis." Talanta 228 (June 2021): 122220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122220.

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Imran, Farrah-Hani, Nabilah Hasna Imami, and Adzim Poh Yuen Wen. "Rare Diagnosis of a Proliferating Pilar Tumor in a Facial Hairline Cryst." Folia Medica Indonesiana 58, no. 1 (March 7, 2022): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v58i1.14562.

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Highlight:Sebaceous cyst or epidermoid cyst is a benign capsulated tumour on the scalp region, face, neck, and trunk that subepidermal nodule filled with keratin.Proliferating Pilar Tumours (PPT) are rare tumours was found in hair follicle.Sebaceous cyst diagnose on facial hairline tumour turned out to be a rare Proliferating Pilar Tumour (PPT). Abstract:Sebaceous cyst, also known as an epidermoid cyst, is a subepidermal nodule filled with keratin and it is a benign capsulated tumor. It is often located on the scalp region, face, neck, and trunk; but can be found elsewhere such as the scrotum, genitalia, fingers, and buccal mucosa. Proliferating Pilar Tumors (PPT) are rare tumors. It is derived from the external root sheath of the hair follicle. These tumors are like irregular subcutaneous nodules and often appear on the scalp. This case report was about a 59 years old woman who came to the hospital following excision of a frontal lump elsewhere, with a sebaceous cyst as the initial diagnosis. From the histopathologic examination, grossly there was a whitish and greyish lump with a soft outer surface. Microscopically, there were malignancy signs with areas with keratinization. The tumor formed a solid pattern of enlarged cells with moderate to marked nuclear pleomorphism with vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and abundant pale eosinophilic to clear cytoplasm. There was also much free keratinous debris noted and numerous foci of calcification identified within the tumor. Mitotic figures with abnormal forms were frequently seen. The final diagnosis after the histopathological examination was Proliferating Pilar Tumour with focal malignancies. In conclusion, facial hairline tumor differentially diagnosed as a sebaceous cyst turned out to be a rare Proliferating Pilar Tumor (PPT). Following histopathological confirmation, the patient was referred for further management by a specialist team.

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Mikos, Eryk, Joanna Dmochowska, Karol Kanon, Sara Moqbil, and Wanesa Góralczyk. "DIAGNOSIS OF PLEOMORPHIC XANTHOASTROCYTOMA." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 11, no. 9 (September 23, 2021): 457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2021.11.09.059.

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Introduction. Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare astrocytic cancer of the central nervous system that is classified as grade II according to the WHO score. It accounts for 1% of primary brain tumors. It is mainly located in the temporal lobe and belongs to a group of tumors called long-term epilepsy associated tumors. Surgical tumor resection is the treatment of choice. Brief description of the state of knowledge. The non-invasive method of PXA diagnostics is neuroimaging, which is based on computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In the image, PXA presents as a solid tumor undergoing contrast enhancement, located supratentorial, with frequent peripheral cystic components. The characteristic histologic picture for PXA is the presence of highly pleomorphic, fusiform or round, large astrocytes with single or multiple cell nuclei. Lymphoplasmic infiltrates are visible within the tumor. The most common mutations associated with the occurrence of this cancer are mutations in the BRAF V600E gene. Conclusions. PXA is a very rare tumor of the central nervous system (CNS) that can recur and spread throughout the CNS. Imaging tests, i.e. CT and MRI, allow for precise imaging of the lesion, however, it is necessary to perform a histopathological examination to make a final diagnosis. The rarity of this cancer assimilates diagnostic problems. Therefore, further molecular research is needed to develop more efficient diagnostics.

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Yosra, Yahyaoui. "Primary Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of the Parotid: An Unsuspected Diagnosis." Clinical Oncology Research and Reports 1, no. 1 (July 24, 2020): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2693-4787/014.

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Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are extremely rare tumors. These neoplasms can occur at sites outside of the central nervous system. The head and neck location is unsual. We report a case with primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) of the parotid. We analyze through this observation the clinical, histological and therapeutic characteristics of this entity.

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TOGAWA, TAKASHI. "Tumor Diagnosis Using SPECT." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 52, no. 7 (1996): 837–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.kj00003109724.

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Jensen, Marianne Lidang, Ole Nielsen, Preben Johansen, and Per Pr??torius Clausen. "Immunohistochemistry in Tumor Diagnosis." Applied Immunohistochemistry 5, no. 1 (1997): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00022744-199703000-00006.

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Mobley, Daphne. "Diagnosis: Granulosa Cell Tumor." Lab Animal 32, no. 4 (April 2003): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/laban0403-22.

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KUBO, TAKESHI. "Diagnosis of acoustic tumor." Practica Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica 82, no. 8 (1989): 1196–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.82.1196.

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KUSAKARI, JUN. "Diagnosis of Acoustic Tumor." Practica Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica 87, no. 9 (1994): 1306–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.87.1306.

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Mõts, Annela. "Uterine tumor differential diagnosis." European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 206 (November 2016): e80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.07.218.

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Nong, Zhang, Zhang Yuee, Chen Zhongnian, Zhang Xiurong, and Li Maoshen. "Vimentin and tumor diagnosis." Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 3, no. 1 (March 1991): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02672089.

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Isu, Toyohiko, Yoshinobu Iwasaki, Minoru Akino, Tatsuya Ishikawa, Hiroshi Abe, Kazuo Miyasaka, and Hisatoshi Saito. "Radiological diagnosis of spinal intramedullary tumor. -Diagnosis of location of the tumor-." Spinal Surgery 2 (1988): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2531/spinalsurg.2.141.

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Zhou, Xiaojun, and Taihe Zhang. "The Effect of Electron Microscopy on Pathological Diagnosis of Neoplasm." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 3 (August 12, 1990): 248–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100158789.

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Although electron microscopy (EM) has contributed enormously to an understanding of the structural intricacies of tumor cells, the usefulness of EM in pathological diagnoses of neoplasms has not been readily appreciated by general pathologists. In the present study, 223 tumors submitted for EM diagnosis were analyzed in an attempt to gain further information concerning the contribution of EM to tumor diagnosis.223 neoplasms were submitted to EM for their final diagnoses when histopathological diagnoses were obscure, which represented about of the total number of surgical tumor specimens. Most specimens were taken at the time of frozen section diagnosis and a small number of tissues were originally fixed informaldehyde. All of tissues were fixed with buffered glutaradehyde, postfixed with osmium tetroxide and embedded in Epon 812. Ultrasections were made after semith in sections were examined to verify that representative tumor tissues were present. Thin sections were stained with uranium acetate and lead citrate, and examined under JEM-1200 EX electron microscope. In selected cases, mainly with neuroendocrine tumors, nickel grid-mounted sections were subjected to post embedding immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) using protein A-gold for more detailed functional classification. Protein A-gold probes were prepared as Wang and co-workers described.

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Zuccato, JA, S. Karimi, S. Mansouri, Y. Mamatjan, S. Suppiah, P. Diamandis, KD Aldape, and G. Zadeh. "P.099 Integrating DNA methylation profiling in brain tumour diagnosis directly changes patient oncological care." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 46, s1 (June 2019): S40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2019.194.

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Background: Molecular signatures are being increasing used to classify central nervous system (CNS) tumors with incorporation into World Health Organization (WHO) classifications. A recently published genome-wide DNA methylation-based CNS tumor classifier assisted in diagnostically challenging cases. However its impact on patient care has not been reported, limiting translation to other centres. Methods: All 55 challenging CNS tumour diagnoses over three years underwent DNA methylation profiling. Tumor classification along with copy number variant (CNV) plot results were integrated with histopathological findings to determine final diagnoses and corresponding clinical impact was assessed. Results: After methylation profiling 46/55 (84%) received clinically relevant diagnostic changes, 30 (55%) with a new diagnosis or resolved differential diagnosis and 16 (29%) with clinically important molecular diagnostic or subtyping changes. WHO grade changed in 15 (27%), with two-thirds upgraded. Nine new IDH mutations in gliomas, four new molecular subtypes in medulloblastomas/ependymomas, and three false positive 1p/19q codeletions were identified. Patient care was directly changed by methylation profiling in 7/47 (15%) followed-up cases to avoid unnecessary treatment in three, insufficient treatment in three, and medically assisted death in one. Conclusions: This real-world use of methylation-based CNS tumor classification substantially impacts patient care for diagnostically challenging tumors and also avoids misdiagnosis-related uncessary resource use.

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Miranda, Ludmilla Queirós, Fernanda Valente da Silva Rehfeldt, Roberto Souto da Silva, João Carlos Macedo Fonseca, and Maria de Fátima Guimarães Scotelaro Alves. "Case for diagnosis." Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 87, no. 2 (April 2012): 322–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0365-05962012000200026.

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Vascular leiomyoma are uncommon benign smooth muscle tumors which generally present as a single painful nodule in the lower limbs. We report a case of vascular leiomyoma on the second finger of the left hand, an unusual location for this tumor.

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Shimose, S., T. Sugita, T. Kubo, T. Matsuo, H. Nobuto, and M. Ochi. "Differential diagnosis between osteomyelitis and bone tumors." Acta Radiologica 49, no. 8 (October 2008): 928–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841850802241809.

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Background: Hematogenous osteomyelitis is often difficult to distinguish from a bone tumor because clinical findings are noncontributory and radiological features can mimic a bone tumor. Recently, the penumbra sign, a higher signal intensity feature of the thin layer of granulation tissue which lines the abscess cavity on T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images, has been reported to be helpful for discriminating subacute osteomyelitis. Purpose: To determine helpful findings for distinguishing osteomyelitis from bone tumors. Material and Methods: The laboratory and imaging findings of a consecutive series of 244 patients referred to our institution with a suspected bone tumor were reviewed. There were 15 cases of osteomyelitis, 160 bone tumors, and 69 tumor-like lesions. Results: In osteomyelitis, the C-reactive protein (CRP) level increased in nine patients and the penumbra sign was seen in 11 patients. In bone tumors and tumor-like lesions, a high CRP level was observed in 21 patients and the penumbra sign was seen in two patients. The sensitivity of the penumbra sign for osteomyelitis was 73.3%, with a specificity of 99.1%. Conclusion: The penumbra sign and a high CRP level support the diagnosis of osteomyelitis and may help to exclude the presence of a tumor.

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Pongsuvareeyakul, Tip, Surapan Khunamornpong, Jongkolnee Settakorn, Kornkanok Sukpan, Prapaporn Suprasert, and Sumalee Siriaunkgul. "Accuracy of Frozen-Section Diagnosis of Ovarian Mucinous Tumors." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 22, no. 3 (March 2012): 400–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/igc.0b013e31823dc328.

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ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative frozen sections of ovarian mucinous tumors and to identify the features associated with an inaccurate diagnosis.MethodsCases of ovarian mucinous tumors (benign, low malignant potential [LMP] or borderline, primary malignant, and metastatic) diagnosed by frozen section or final histology were recruited. Frozen-section diagnoses were compared with the final histologic diagnoses. Possible variables associated with diagnostic discrepancy were analyzed.ResultsA comparison of the diagnoses was done in 195 cases (102 benign, 61 LMP, 18 primary malignant, and 14 metastatic). Diagnostic agreement was observed in 164 cases (84.1%) and discrepancy in 31 cases (15.9%). The sensitivity of frozen-section diagnosis was low in LMP (67.2%) and malignant tumors (55.6%). The specificity was the lowest in the benign category (78.5%). The positive predictive values of all categories were less than 90% (range, 83.3%–85.7%). Diagnostic discrepancy was associated with tumor size of greater than 13 cm (P = 0.019) and the number of frozen sections of 4 or more (P = 0.035). However, in a multivariate analysis, there was no independent predictor of diagnostic discrepancy. The number of frozen sections 4 or more was strongly associated with tumor size of greater than 13 cm (P = 0.004).ConclusionsThe sensitivity of frozen-section diagnosis of LMP and malignant mucinous tumors was low. The inaccuracy of a frozen-section diagnosis of ovarian mucinous tumors may be related to a tumor size of greater than 13 cm. Increasing the number of intraoperative samples over 3 sections per case may not effectively increase the accuracy of frozen-section diagnosis in mucinous tumors.

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Garrido Márquez, I., C. Dávila Arias, and E. Moya Sánchez. "Mesenteric solitary fibrous tumor: keys to diagnosis." Revista Andaluza de Patología Digestiva 43, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37352/2020432.4.

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Resumen El tumor fibroso solitario es una rara neoplasia de origen mesenquimal que normalmente aparece en la pleura, pero no de forma exclusiva. Es importante conocer que podemos encontrarlo en localizaciones extrapleurales, como es el caso del mesentérico. El diagnóstico preoperatorio es difícil debido a las manifestaciones clínicas inespecíficas, por lo que en muchas ocasiones se realiza mediante el análisis histológico tras las extirpación quirúrgica. Existen hallazgos radiológicos que pueden orientar hacia su diagnóstico y posible malignización, por lo que son de gran importancia para realizar un correcto abordaje y manejo preoperatorio.

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Titskaya, Anna, Vladimir Chernov, Elena Slonimskaya, Ivan Sinilkin, and Roman Zelchan. "Radionuclide Diagnosis of Breast Cancers." Advanced Materials Research 1084 (January 2015): 460–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1084.460.

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To study the diagnostic capabilities of planar breast scintigraphy and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with 99mTc-MIBI in visualizing of breast tumors, 61 patients with a diagnosis of breast cancer were included in the study. The results showed that sensitivity of the planar mode in identifying primary breast tumors was 46%. The sensitivity of SPECT in detecting primary tumor was 93.4%. The sensitivity of the planar mode in visualization of nodal metastases was 44.8%, against 93.1% in SPECT. This study showed that SPECT has a high diagnostic efficiency in regard of visualization of small sized tumors, multicenter tumor growth, identifying space-occupying lesions on the background of modified breast tissue.

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Manias, Karen, Simrandip K. Gill, Niloufar Zarinabad, Paul Davies, Martin English, Daniel Ford, Lesley MacPherson, et al. "Evaluation of the added value of 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the diagnosis of pediatric brain lesions in clinical practice." Neuro-Oncology Practice 5, no. 1 (May 13, 2017): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nop/npx005.

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Abstract Background Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) aids noninvasive diagnosis of pediatric brain tumors, but use in clinical practice is not well documented. We aimed to review clinical use of MRS, establish added value in noninvasive diagnosis, and investigate potential impact on patient care. Methods Sixty-nine children with lesions imaged using MRS and reviewed by the tumor board from 2014 to 2016 met inclusion criteria. Contemporaneous MRI diagnosis, spectroscopy analysis, histopathology, and clinical information were reviewed. Final diagnosis was agreed on by the tumor board at study end. Results Five cases were excluded for lack of documented MRI diagnosis. The principal MRI diagnosis by pediatric radiologists was correct in 59%, increasing to 73% with addition of MRS. Of the 73%, 19.1% (95% CI, 9.1%-33.3%) were incorrectly diagnosed with MRI alone. MRS led to a significant improvement in correct diagnosis over all tumor types (P = .012). Of diagnoses correctly made with MRI, confidence increased by 37% when adding MRS, with no patients incorrectly re-diagnosed. Indolent lesions were diagnosed noninvasively in 85% of cases, with MRS a major contributor to 91% of these diagnoses. Of all patients, 39% were managed without histopathological diagnosis. MRS contributed to diagnosis in 68% of this group, modifying it in 12%. MRS influenced management in 33% of cases, mainly through avoiding and guiding biopsy and aiding tumor characterization. Conclusion MRS can improve accuracy and confidence in noninvasive diagnosis of pediatric brain lesions in clinical practice. There is potential to improve outcomes through avoiding biopsy of indolent lesions, aiding tumor characterization, and facilitating earlier family discussions and treatment planning.

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Kleijwegt, Maarten, Floris Bettink, Martijn Malessy, Hein Putter, and Andel van der Mey. "Clinical Predictors Leading to Change of Initial Conservative Treatment of 836 Vestibular Schwannomas." Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base 81, no. 01 (February 4, 2019): 015–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1678708.

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Objective This study was aimed to determine the role of clinical presentation and tumor characteristics in vestibular schwannoma (VS) at diagnosis, initially treated with conservative management. Design The study was designed as a retrospective chart review. Setting The study was prepared at national tertiary referral center for VS patients. Participants A total of 836 VS patients, initially treated conservatively, were included. Main Outcome Measures Patient characteristics: age at diagnosis, gender, frequency, and duration of, hearing loss, tinnitus, balance disorder (unsteadiness, dizziness, and vertigo), respectively; and tumor characteristics: laterality, growth, cystic component, and location were analyzed in relation to tumor size at diagnosis and change in treatment strategy. Results In total, 169 (20%) patients had a change in treatment strategy. Factors at diagnosis that had a high influence on intervention were a short duration of hearing loss (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.8, p < 0.001) and cystic tumors (HR = 2.6, p < 0.001). Balance disorders and extracanalicular (EC) tumor location have a medium influence on intervention (HR = 1.6, p < 0.01). Tumour growth was seen in 55% of the intervention group; we found a significant correlation with a short duration of hearing loss. Cystic VS was significantly higher between the medium and large tumors, 24.3% and 38.1%. (p = 0.001), respectively. Conclusions Patients with a short duration of hearing loss, balance disorders, EC located tumors, and cystic tumors have a significantly higher chance of a change in treatment strategy. Large tumor size at diagnosis and a cystic component were related to age > 65 years at diagnosis.

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Wei, Shi, Evita Henderson-Jackson, Xiaohua Qian, and Marilyn M. Bui. "Soft Tissue Tumor Immunohistochemistry Update: Illustrative Examples of Diagnostic Pearls to Avoid Pitfalls." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 141, no. 8 (August 1, 2017): 1072–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2016-0417-ra.

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Context.— Current 2013 World Health Organization classification of tumors of soft tissue arranges these tumors into 12 groups according to their histogenesis. Tumor behavior is classified as benign, intermediate (locally aggressive), intermediate (rarely metastasizing), and malignant. In our practice, a general approach to reaching a definitive diagnosis of soft tissue tumors is to first evaluate clinicoradiologic, histomorphologic, and cytomorphologic features of the tumor to generate some pertinent differential diagnoses. These include the potential line of histogenesis and whether the tumor is benign or malignant, and low or high grade. Although molecular/genetic testing is increasingly finding its applications in characterizing soft tissue tumors, currently immunohistochemistry still not only plays an indispensable role in defining tumor histogenesis, but also serves as a surrogate for underlining molecular/genetic alterations. Objective— To provide an overview focusing on the current concepts in the classification and diagnosis of soft tissue tumors, incorporating immunohistochemistry. This article uses examples to discuss how to use the traditional and new immunohistochemical markers for the diagnosis of soft tissue tumors. Practical diagnostic pearls, summary tables, and figures are used to show how to avoid diagnostic pitfalls. Data Sources.— Data were obtained from pertinent peer-reviewed English-language literature and the authors' first-hand experience as bone and soft tissue pathologists. Conclusions.— —The ultimate goal for a pathologist is to render a specific diagnosis that provides diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic information to guide patient care. Immunohistochemistry is integral to the diagnosis and management of soft tissue tumors.

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Gnepp, Douglas R., Willa Rae Rader, Stewart F. Cramer, Linda L. Cook, and James Sciubba. "Accuracy of Frozen Section Diagnosis of the Salivary Gland." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 96, no. 4 (April 1987): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459988709600404.

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Three hundred and one salivary gland lesions (162 benign, 72 malignant, and 67 benign non-neoplastic) of 677 cases were evaluated by use of intraoperative frozen sections by 66 pathologists. In seven patients, the diagnosis was deferred for permanent sections. In four cases (1.3%), the diagnosis at permanent section changed from one category of benign tumor to another, and in five cases (1.7%), from one category of malignant tumor to another. In four tumors, a frozen section diagnosis of benign was changed to malignant on permanent sectioning; all four involved acinic cell carcinomas. Only two tumors were incorrectly diagnosed as malignant. We conclude that diagnoses of most salivary gland lesions based on frozen section examination are reliable and accurate. However, the literature does indicate that caution should be exercised when malignant tumors are dealt with.

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Kalashnikova, Marina F., Natalia V. Likhodey, Anatoly N. Tiulpakov, Evgeniya V. Fedorova, Dmitry V. Bryunin, Alla A. Bakhvalova, Maria A. Glushakova, Svetlana A. Smirnova, and Valentin V. Fadeyev. "Virilizing ovarian tumor: the challenges of differential diagnosis." Problems of Endocrinology 65, no. 4 (December 25, 2019): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl10222.

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SertoliLeydig cell tumor is a rather rare type of ovarian neoplasms belonging to the group of sex cordstromal tumors. This malignancy is characterized by androgen overproduction, which results in the so-called virilization and can be accompanied by various metabolic disorders such as abdominal obesity, disturbances of carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and high blood pressure. During differential diagnosis, it is important to identify the source of androgen overproduction. An androgen-secreting ovarian tumor needs to be differentiated from androgen-secreting adrenal tumor, ovarian stromal thecomatosis (hyperthecosis), and endogenous hypercorticism (the Cushings syndrome). In most cases, the SertoliLeydig cell tumor is associated with DICER1 mutation carriership. If a patient is found to carry the DICER1 mutation, patients relatives need to undergo genetic testing as the individuals with mutations in this gene have an elevated risk of developing a broad range of benign and malignant tumors (most of these tumors are relatively rare in the overall population). The awareness of this rare ovarian neoplasm among medical specialists (obstetriciansgynecologists, endocrinologists, and oncologists) is supposed to ensure timely diagnosis and adequate treatment of this disease.

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Gitel, E. P., and V. V. Fadeev. "Diagnosis and treatment of gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumors." Problems of Endocrinology 42, no. 6 (December 15, 1996): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl12059.

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Pancreatic (islet-cell) and gastrointestinal endocrine tumors are quite rare diseases - the incidence of new cases is from 0.4 to 1.5 per 100,000 inhabitants. Instead of the broader term APUDomе, the term gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumors (GEPET) has recently become more commonly used in clinical literature for practical reasons. As a result of numerous clinical and fundamental studies, about 19 types of GEPET and more than 40 products of their secretion are currently described. Most tumors are characterized by multihormonal secretion, but the development of the endocrine syndrome clinic is determined by the predominance of the production of a single hormone. The main GEPETs are insulinoma, gastrinoma, glucagonoma, VIPoma, tumors causing the development of carcinoid syndrome, and hormone-inactive endocrine tumors. Hormone-inactive GEPET refers to tumors originating from endocrine cells, but lacking the ability to secrete one or another hormone. GEPETs differ not only in the production of a particular hormone, but also in the nature of tumor growth. With the exception of insulin, it is mainly a malignant tumor (see table), but compared with other carcinomas, spontaneous tumor growth is often relatively slow. The essential clinical significance, which largely determines the therapeutic approaches, has a very different rate of tumor growth. Cases of spontaneous course of the process for more than 10 years are described, as well as rapid growth of the tumor, leading to death in literally months. In recent years, interest in GEPET has increased significantly, which is probably due to the creation of more advanced methods of topical diagnosis and treatment, which significantly improved the prognosis.

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Sakata, Ryoko, Hiroaki Shimoyamada, Masahiro Yanagisawa, Takayuki Murakami, Kazuhide Makiyama, Noboru Nakaigawa, Yoshiaki Inayama, et al. "Nonfunctioning Juxtaglomerular Cell Tumor." Case Reports in Pathology 2013 (2013): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/973865.

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The juxtaglomerular cell tumor (JGCT) is a rare renal tumor characterized by excessive renin secretion causing intractable hypertension and hypokalemia. However, asymptomatic nonfunctioning JGCT is extremely rare. Here, we report a case of nonfunctioning JGCT in a 31-year-old woman. The patient presented with a left renal tumor without hypertension or hypokalemia. Under a clinical diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma, radical nephrectomy was performed. The tumor was located in the middle portion adjacent to the renal pelvis, measuring 2 cm in size. Pathologically, the tumor was composed of cuboidal cells forming a solid arrangement, immunohistochemically positive for renin. Based on these findings, the tumor was diagnosed as JGCT. In cases with hyperreninism, preoperative diagnosis of JGCT is straightforward but difficult in nonfunctioning case. Generally, JGCT presents a benign biological behavior. Therefore, we should take nonfunctioning JGCT into the differential diagnoses for renal tumors, especially in younger patients to avoid excessive surgery.

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Heidenreich, Arturo, Jorge Decoud, Rodolfo O. Lembrande, and Roberto O. Rapela. "Retrorectal Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions: Diagnosis and Treatment." Digestive Surgery 7, no. 4 (1990): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000171974.

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Tzontcheva, Anna. "Neuroendocrine Tumors — Laboratory Diagnosis." Journal of Medical Biochemistry 29, no. 4 (October 1, 2010): 254–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10011-010-0028-5.

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Neuroendocrine Tumors — Laboratory DiagnosisNeuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms originating from endocrine cells, which are characterized by the presence of secretory granules as well as the ability to produce biogenic amines and polypeptide hormones. These tumors originate from endocrine glands such as the adrenal medulla, the pituitary, and the parathyroids, as well as endocrine islets within the thyroid or the pancreas, and dispersed endocrine cells in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract. The clinical behavior of NETs is extremely variable; they may be functioning or not functioning, ranging from very slow-growing tumors (well-differentiated NETs), which are the majority, to highly aggressive and very malignant tumors (poorly differentiated NETs). Classically, NETs of the gastrointestinal tract are classified into 2 main groups: (1) carcinoids and (2) endocrine pancreatic tumors (EPTs). Most neuroendocrine tumors produce and secrete a multitude of peptide hormones and amines. Some of these substances cause a specific clinical syndrome: carcinoid, Zollinger-Ellison, hyperglycemic, glucagonoma and WDHA syndrome. Specific markers for these syndromes are basal and/or stimulated levels of urinary 5-HIAA, serum or plasma gastrin, insulin, glucagon and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, respectively. Some carcinoid tumors and about one third of endocrine pancreatic tumors do not present any clinical symptoms and are called ‘nonfunctioning’ tumors. Therefore, general tumor markers such as chromogranin A, pancreatic polypeptide, serum neuron-specific enolase and subunits of glycoprotein hormones have been used for screening purposes in patients without distinct clinical hormone-related symptoms. Among these general tumor markers chromogranin A, although its precise function is not yet established, has been shown to be a very sensitive and specific serum marker for various types of neuroendocrine tumors. This is because it may also be elevated in many cases of less well-differentiated tumors of neuroendocrine origin that do not secrete known hormones. At the moment, chromogranin A is considered the best general neuroendocrine serum or plasma marker available both for diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation, and is increased in 50-100% of patients with various neuroendocrine tumors. Chromogranin A serum or plasma levels reflect tumor load, and it may be an independent marker of prognosis in patients with midgut carcinoids.

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Kapustianskyi, Denys, Ihor Ivanytskyi, Tetiana Ivanytska, Valeriy Zhamardiy, and Viktoriia Donchenko. "DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF SOFT TISSUE TUMORS." Wiadomości Lekarskie 75, no. 6 (2022): 1596–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202206131.

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The aim of the study is to identify clinical signs of neurilemmoma of the upper limb, its main ultrasound and X-ray distinctions from other benign tumors of soft tissues. To make a preliminary diagnosis, it is advisable to use different methods of imaging, such as: ultrasound, MRI, radiography. Radiological diagnosis of soft tissue tumors should be based on the integrated use of radiological and ultrasound methods with mandatory consideration of clinical and anamnestic data such as patient age, topographic location of the tumor and its growth rate. Although ultrasound and MRI do not allow to completely differentiate the tumor, but they help to choose the right tactics of the patient. Treatment is to remove the tumor and includes cesium dissection and removal from the nerve bundle, using magnification.

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Hodžić, Mirsad, Zlatko Ercegović, Dželil Korkut, Mirza Moranjkić, Harun Brkić, and Selma Jakupović. "Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Brain Tumors." Acta Medica Academica 49, no. 1, 2, 3 (January 28, 2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/ama2006-124.305.

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Objective. Tumors of the brain and spine make up about 20% of all childhood cancers; they are the second most common form of childhood cancer after leukemia. Brain tumors are the most common solid tumor in children. Symptoms depend on a variety of factors, including location of the tumor, age of child, and rate of tumor growth. The aim of study was to present our experience with the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors in children.Patients and Methods. The aim of this study is to analyze clinicopathological characteristics, treatments, complications, and outcomes in children with brain tumors. This study is a retrospective analysis of 27 consecutive patients younger than 16 years and hospitalized for surgical treatment of brain tumors. Intracranial hypertension, neurological status, radiological computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, tumor localization, type of resection, hydrocephalus treatment, histopathology, complications, and outcome were analyzed.Results. Twenty-seven surgeries were performed in patients for brain tumors. There were 9 females and 18 males. The average patient age was 7.8 years. There were 11 (40%) children with astrocytoma; of these, there were 9 (82%) pilocytic astrocytomas and 2 (18%) ordinary histopathological subtypes of high-grade tumors.Conclusion. As with any cancer, prognosis and long-term survival vary greatly from child to child. Prompt medical attention and aggressive therapy are important for the best prognosis. Continuous follow-up care is essential for a child diagnosed with a brain tumor.

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Cotter, Jennifer A., Linda J. Szymanski, Bruce R. Pawel, and Alexander R. Judkins. "Intraoperative Diagnosis for Pediatric Brain Tumors." Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 25, no. 1 (January 2022): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10935266211018932.

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Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are now the most common type of solid tumor in individuals aged 0–19 years, with an incidence rate in the United States around 5 per 100,000, accounting for about 1 out of 4 childhood cancers. Pediatric pathologists encounter brain tumor cases with varying frequency, but many of these encounters begin in the context of intraoperative consultation or “frozen section.” This review provides an overview of the technical aspects of intraoperative consultation specific to, or more helpful in, CNS tumors, emphasizing helpful cytologic and histologic features of the more commonly encountered pediatric CNS tumors, and illustrating some common diagnostic pitfalls and how these may be avoided.

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Motzer, R. J., E. Rodriguez, V. E. Reuter, G. J. Bosl, M. Mazumdar, and R. S. Chaganti. "Molecular and cytogenetic studies in the diagnosis of patients with poorly differentiated carcinomas of unknown primary site." Journal of Clinical Oncology 13, no. 1 (January 1995): 274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1995.13.1.274.

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PURPOSE A minority of patients with poorly differentiated carcinoma achieve a complete response to cisplatin therapy. Recently, specific chromosomal abnormalities have been described for several solid tumor malignancies. Molecular and cytogenetic techniques were used to study tumors of patients with midline carcinoma of unknown primary site. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty patients with poorly differentiated carcinoma of unknown primary site had fresh tumor samples studied by cytogenetic analysis, Southern blot analysis for 12p copy number, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for the identification of i(12p) and chromosome 12 aneuploidy. The response to cisplatin therapy was correlated to the diagnosis provided by the genetic studies. RESULTS In 17 (42%) patients, a diagnosis was suggested by the genetic studies. This included a germ cell tumor in 12 (30%) patients by the finding of i(12p), increased 12p copy number, or a deletion of the long arm of chromosome 12. In five patients, a specific diagnosis other than germ cell tumor was suggested by tumor karyotype. These were neuroepithelioma, lymphoma, desmoplastic small-cell tumor, melanoma, and clear-cell sarcoma. The 75% response proportion to cisplatin therapy in patients with tumors showing chromosome structural abnormalities of germ cell tumor was greater than the 18% response proportion in patients for whom no diagnosis was provided (P = .002). CONCLUSION Molecular and cytogenetic studies are useful in establishing specific diagnoses in patients with poorly differentiated carcinomas of unknown primary site. This group of tumors is heterogeneous and is composed of germ cell tumors, melanoma, lymphoma, neuroepithelioma, and desmoplastic small-round-cell tumor in addition to some that are not yet classifiable. Response to cisplatin therapy correlates with the finding of i(12p) in tumor by either molecular or cytogenetic studies.

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Hammerschmidt, Mariana, Luciana Menezes de Azevedo, Anelisa Ruaro, Betina Werner, Alexandre do Nascimento, and Ézio Augusto Amaral Filho. "Case for diagnosis." Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 87, no. 4 (August 2012): 647–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0365-05962012000400026.

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Atypical fibroxanthoma is a rare cutaneous tumor found mainly in elderly people on sun-exposed areas of the body. Histologically, atypical fibroxanthoma is considered a malignant fibrous histiocytoma with bizarre neoplastic cells, marked pleomorphism, hyperchromatic nuclei and abundant mitoses. It must be differentiated from other skin tumors, usually by immunohistochemistry, since its diagnosis is made by exclusion.

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Wang, Xianliang, Lintao Li, Jie Li, Pei Wang, Jinyi Lang, and Yuanjie Yang. "Cherenkov Luminescence in Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment: A Review." Photonics 9, no. 6 (May 31, 2022): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9060390.

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Malignant tumors rank as a leading cause of death worldwide. Accurate diagnosis and advanced treatment options are crucial to win battle against tumors. In recent years, Cherenkov luminescence (CL) has shown its technical advantages and clinical transformation potential in many important fields, particularly in tumor diagnosis and treatment, such as tumor detection in vivo, surgical navigation, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and the evaluation of therapeutic effect. In this review, we summarize the advances in CL for tumor diagnosis and treatment. We first describe the physical principles of CL and discuss the imaging techniques used in tumor diagnosis, including CL imaging, CL endoscope, and CL tomography. Then we present a broad overview of the current status of surgical resection, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and tumor microenvironment monitoring using CL. Finally, we shed light on the challenges and possible solutions for tumor diagnosis and therapy using CL.

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Damjanov, Ivan. "Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: Serological and Immunohistochemical Diagnosis." Acta Medica Academica 50, no. 1 (May 26, 2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/ama2006-124.326.

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This review deals with serologic and immunohistochemical tumor markers used in clinical laboratories for the diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumors. Time tested serologic markers such as alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, and lactate dehydrogenase are routinely used in the work-up of patients with testicular tumors. Professional organizations regulating the practice of medicine in most countries worldwide require that the laboratory values for these serologic reactants be included in the pathology reports on testicular tumors as part of the tumor staging process. Immunohistochemical markers of testicular germ have been identified and widely tested during the first two decades of the XXI century. We have selected the most useful immunohistochemical markers from a few of these markers and discussed them in this review.Conclusion. Published data show that testicular tumor markers are widely used in routine practice. The study of tumor markers has improved the pathologic and clinical diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumors and has thus contributed to their treatment.

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Dos Santos, Vitorino Modesto, Matheus Dantas Gomes Gonçalves, Vinicius Grigolli, Nataliê Almeida Silva, Lister Arruda Modesto dos Santos, and Lucimara Sonja Villela. "Ileal neuroendocrine tumor: diagnosis by endoscopic capsule." ARS MEDICA Revista de Ciencias Médicas 46, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11565/arsmed.v46i1.1750.

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The diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors of the small intestine is usually challenging. They are infrequent, and the clinical course is insidious with nonspecific manifestations. Routine endoscopic and abdominal imaging studies are more often unremarkable. Therefore, distant metastases are frequently detected at the time of diagnosis. The tumor markers chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and neuron-specific enolase, and capsule endoscopy, and device-assisted enteroscopy are useful resources to establish a diagnosis. The aim was to present a case of neuroendocrine tumor of small intestine diagnosed with base in findings of the capsule endoscopy and further open surgery.

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Lucas, Amanda, Danielle Braggio, Lynne Hernandez, and Kelly Mercier. "A retrospective collection of diagnostic data from the desmoid tumor research foundation natural history study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e23549-e23549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e23549.

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e23549 Background: Desmoid tumors are a benign sarcoma diagnosed in 4-5 patients per million each year. The Desmoid Tumor Research Foundation (DTRF) launched the patient registry and natural history study (NHS) in 2017. This is a retrospective analysis of diagnostic data collected, tumor location, rates of misdiagnosis, how genetics testing is being incorporated into clinical practice, and additional clinical trial participation. Methods: The NHS launched September 2017 and contains 15 surveys covering diagnostics, disease, treatment, care management, and quality of life. Current reporting as of December 31, 2020, contains 619 participants or legally authorized representatives for which a subset have completed the surveys on desmoid tumor diagnoses. Results: Survey analysis documents that the most prevalent tumor locations were intra-abdominal 35.5% (220), joint / extremities 21.2% (131), and chest wall 14.7% (91). The majority of participants, 68.2%, reported that they had unifocal tumors (199/292), 19.5% reported that they had multifocal desmoid tumors (57). Biopsy procedures were the primary method of diagnosis according to 57.2% (167/292) of the participants, with needle biopsy comprising 19.8% (33/167). Biopsy as the primary method of diagnosis was most prevalent in tumors of the head and neck (18/26, 69.2%), chest wall (32/47, 68.1%) joint /extremities (50/90, 55.6%), and abdominal tumors (27/51, 52.9%). Additionally, imaging methods (CT, MRI) were the primary method of diagnosis in 22.6% (66/292) and surgical resection 14.4% (42/292). Misdiagnosis is common for this tumor type, as 41.0% (119/290) participants reported an incorrect initial diagnosis. The reported incorrect diagnoses are described in the table. Genetic testing is not standard of care for desmoid tumors but is increasing in practice. A total of 78 participants (28%) of 282 participants report they had genetic testing (germline or somatic) of their tumor tissue. The majority of those participants, 65.4% (51/78), reported having Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP). Of the participants that had genetic testing, 89.0% live in the United States. 10.5% of participants (37/353) have reported having participated in clinical trials. The majority of participants (317/368, 86.1%) are willing to participate in other studies in the future, with 77.4% (285/368) willing to donate specimens for biomarker studies. Conclusions: Participants with desmoid tumors report many methods of diagnosis for their diverse tumor locations, high rates of misdiagnosis, and increased rates of genetic mutation testing. Data collection through the DTRF NHS is ongoing.[Table: see text]

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TANAKA, Hironori, and Hiroko IIJIMA. "Ultrasonographic diagnosis of liver tumor." Choonpa Igaku 38, no. 4 (2011): 401–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3179/jjmu.38.401.

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Bajetta, Emilio, and Marco Platania. "Pitfalls in neuroendocrine tumor diagnosis." Rare Tumors 1, no. 2 (December 2009): 96–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/rt.2009.e32.

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TANAKA, Norifumi, Yuichi TAKATSUKA, Tsutomu KAWAHARA, and Koh TOKUNAGA. "ULTRASONIC DIAGNOSIS OF PHYLLODES TUMOR." Journal of the Japanese Practical Surgeon Society 47, no. 10 (1986): 1251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3919/ringe1963.47.1251.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Tumor diagnosis'

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