Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tumor diagnosis'
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Lyshchik, Andrej. "Thyroid gland tumor diagnosis at US elastography." Kyoto University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/135684.
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Langer, Michael. "Peptides as carrier for tumor diagnosis and treatment /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13986.
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Eaton, Michael Campbell. "Assessment of CD44 and K19 as markers for circulating breast cancer cells using immunobead RT-PCR /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MD/09mde14.pdf.
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Roller, Benjamin Thomas. "A nanoencapsulated visible dye for intraoperative delineation of brain tumor margins." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42805.
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Brain and central nervous cancer presents a significant clinical burden, accounting for 2.4% of all cancer deaths. High grade glioma is particularly deadly, with 5 year survival times of 35% or less. Traditional treatment includes tumor resection followed by radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Aggressive resection is essential in order to prolong patient life. In fact, several studies have shown that life expectancy increases with increased extent of resection. Extent of resection is burdened by the fact that surgeons must be careful not to remove functional brain tissue.
Resection is incomplete more often than not due to lack of visual cues for the surgeon. He must rely on tactile sensation to distinguish tumor from healthy tissue. Methods such as intraoperative MRI and CT exist, but these require expensive equipment and special training that is not available in all surgical environments. Some laboratories have proposed small molecule dyes to solve this problem, but these are insufficient when used in an invasive tumor model. It was the goal of this research to provide an objective cue in the form of a nanoencapsulated visible dye without the need for additional equipment of changes to the surgery process itself other than injection of the dye.
We hypothesized that the nanocarrier would allow staining of the tumor through passive targeting by taking advantage of the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Once the nanocarriers have reached the desired target, they would not diffuse out into healthy tissue due to their large size compared to small molecule dyes, which readily diffuse out and stain healthy tissue.
To test this hypothesis, we prepared and characterized a liposomal nanocarrier encapsulating Evans blue dye. The nanocarrier was tested for safety in vitro and in vivo, then used to delineate tumor margins in an invasive rat glioma model in vivo. Microscopic analysis was then conducted to ensure only tumor tissue was stained by the nanocarrier. This thesis presents a successful method of tumor border delineation to provide surgeons with positive visual cues without the need for changes in surgical environment or techniques.
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Grifantini, Renata Maria <1962>. "Identification and characterization of novel tumor-associated proteins as potential tumor markers for diagnosis and therapy." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6479/1/Tesi_PhD_Grifantini.pdf.
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This study deals with the discovery and characterization of EXN6 and EXN11 as novel tumor-associated proteins. EXN6 is mainly present in breast and ovary cancers (40 and 35%) while EXN11 is mainly detected in primary and metastatic colon cancer (40%). A characterization of the two proteins confirmed that they could be novel targets for cancer therapy.
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Grifantini, Renata Maria <1962>. "Identification and characterization of novel tumor-associated proteins as potential tumor markers for diagnosis and therapy." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6479/.
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This study deals with the discovery and characterization of EXN6 and EXN11 as novel tumor-associated proteins. EXN6 is mainly present in breast and ovary cancers (40 and 35%) while EXN11 is mainly detected in primary and metastatic colon cancer (40%). A characterization of the two proteins confirmed that they could be novel targets for cancer therapy.
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Richards, Homa Lisa Ann. "Perceptions of Caregivers Following Diagnosis of Primary Benign Brain Tumor." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7422.
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A brain tumor diagnosis is traumatic and has a devastating impact upon the caregiver and the family unit. The effects of the tumor growth and treatment often cause significant neurologic injury and dramatically affect the quality of life (QOL) for the patient and their entire family unit. Caregivers are constantly challenged to provide care, yet they feel untrained and underprepared as they struggle to adjust to new roles and responsibilities. The purpose of this study is to gain an understanding of the lived experiences of caregivers of individuals with primary benign brain tumor (PBBT). An interpretive phenomenological analysis approach was used to explore the experiences of 10 caregivers. Bowen's family systems theory provided an understanding of how families respond to changes in their family system resulting from a member of the family having a PBBT. A nonprobability sampling technique was used to recruit participants from 2 virtual support groups. Data were collected through semistructured interviews guided by an interview template. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed following the Smith tradition of inquiry until data saturation was reached. Three major themes emerged from the data: experiencing new challenges, responding to initial diagnosis, and facing challenges with family and friends. Caregivers experience a wide variety of responsibilities that are physically and psychologically challenging, which can negatively affect the QOL for the caregiver and the patient. These findings can be used by healthcare providers to identify resources to alleviate the unanticipated demands caregivers experience. Future studies are needed to explore how best to decrease challenges experienced by caregivers of individuals with PBBT.
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Sabharwal, Yashvinder Singh 1970. "Remote-access slit-scanning confocal microscope for in vivo tumor diagnosis." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284035.
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Microscopic fluorescence imaging of thick biological tissue has been successfully demonstrated with a fiber-based, slit-scanning, confocal microscope. The system developed under this research consists of an illumination arm, a fiber-optic imaging system, and a detection arm. The illumination arm is an anamorphic optical system that converts a circular, laser beam into a cylindrical beam forming a line image at the proximal face of the fiber-optic relay. This relay system is comprised of a fiber-optic imaging bundle, a miniature objective lens, and a miniature hydraulic positioning mechanism. It delivers illumination to a remote sample and simultaneously collects the fluorescence from the sample. The miniature objective lens and positioning mechanism were specially designed and fabricated for this system, allowing for high resolution imaging and optical sectioning in-vivo. The detection arm relays the fluorescence image at the proximal face of the fiber-optic relay with magnification onto a two-dimensional CCD. Characterization of the system has demonstrated a lateral resolution of three microns. The axial resolution when imaging a point object is 10 microns. When imaging a planar object, the axial resolution is 25 microns. Images are acquired at a rate of 2-4 frames per second and the imaging performance has been evaluated with different biological models including animal peritoneal tissue and human prostate tissue in-vitro. In-vivo images of human skin and rat peritoneum have also been acquired to demonstrate that patient motion does not adversely affect the performance of the system. These in-vitro and in vivo images demonstrate the capability of the system to resolve cell nuclear morphology, to visualize cell density and organization, and to image at selected depths below the tissue surface.
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COLOMBO, MIRIAM. "Synthesis and biofunctionalization of nanoparticles for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/28928.
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The early identification of the insurgence of a malignant cancer and the selective targeting of the tumor with specific drugs are still an open frontier for cancer diagnosis and treatment. The ultimate goal is to improve the therapy efficiency and to reduce the side effects usually encountered with conventional chemotherapy. Worldwide, mammary carcinoma represents the second most recurrent type of malignant tumor in adult women and the fifth cause of death among cancer types. In the context of this thesis, I have designed and developed multifunctional hybrid nanoparticles consisting of an inorganic iron oxide core, useful as source of signal for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and an organic shell, including bioactive ligands for the pharmacological effect combined with specific cell targeting, and a molecular dye as fluorescence signal emitter. The nanoparticle characteristics were optimized in terms of size, morphology, surface charge, stability, fluorescence emission and capability to enhance the MRI contrast. In addition, specific biomolecular ligands based on anti-HER-2 monoclonal antibody have been developed and novel strategies for their conjugation to nanoparticles were explored. The resulting hybrid nanocomplexes were tested both in vitro and in vivo to evaluate their toxicity, endocytosis, degradation pathways, and the efficient recognition of cell-surface biomarkers. Next, these nanoparticles proved to be highly effective in selectively targeting breast cancer cells in transplanted mice bearing HER-2-positive tumors. A multifaceted bioanalytical approach, combining fluorescence, magnetic relaxivity, transmission electron microscopy, and histological experiments in vivo and ex vivo, has demonstrated that these nanoprobes prevalently accumulated at the tumor by an active targeting route. The nanoparticles were endocytosed by the tumor cells following a lysosomal pathway of degradation, while did not result in permanent damage of healthy tissues. The principal outcome of this work was the development of a versatile and reliable biotechnological platform based on finely structured, multifunctional nanosized probes useful for the interrogation of biological systems.
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Tong, Amanda Kai-Lai. "Brilliant Baby Brainiacs (BBB) - Pediatric Brain Tumors: Assessing Healthcare Provider Knowledge." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/593599.
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Background: Brain tumors are the most common solid tumors found in children. Current research is determining whether diagnosing brain tumors earlier will help improve prognosis and reduce long-term deficits; however, childhood brain tumors are often diagnosed late with a median time of 1-4 months from onset of symptoms. Prolonged symptom intervals before diagnosis have been associated with life-threatening risks, neuro-cognitive disabilities, and detrimental professional relationships between healthcare providers and families. Pediatric brain tumor clinical presentations are often non-specific and resemble less serious illnesses; therefore, healthcare providers are failing to include this in their differential diagnoses list. Purpose: To assess healthcare provider knowledge of signs and symptoms of pediatric brain tumors using The Brain Pathways Guideline. Methods: A one group pre-test and post-test e-mailed separately to nurse practitioners that have active membership in National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners (NAPNAP) Arizona Chapter. Results: The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test revealed that the matched test scores were not statistically significant (p=0.157) after viewing The Brain Pathways Guideline educational materials. Conclusion: The results of this study did not show a statistically significant difference in the test scores and therefore it cannot be concluded that presenting an evidence-based guideline to assist healthcare providers to assess and diagnose patients with brain tumors will be helpful to improve pre-diagnostic symptom intervals.
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Gulyás, Miklós. "Mesothelial differentiation, mesothelioma and tumor markers in serous cavities /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-566-2/.
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Röhss, Josefine. "A Statistical Framework for Classification of Tumor Type from microRNA Data." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191990.
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a type of liver cancer with low survival rate, not least due to the difficulty of diagnosing it in an early stage. The objective of this thesis is to build a random forest classification method based on microRNA (and messenger RNA) expression profiles from patients with HCC. The main purpose is to be able to distinguish between tumor samples and normal samples by measuring the miRNA expression. If successful, this method can be used to detect HCC at an earlier stage and to design new therapeutics. The microRNAs and messenger RNAs which have a significant difference in expression between tumor samples and normal samples are selected for building random forest classification models. These models are then tested on paired samples of tumor and surrounding normal tissue from patients with HCC. The results show that the classification models built for classifying tumor and normal samples have high prediction accuracy and hence show high potential for using microRNA and messenger RNA expression levels for diagnosis of HCC.Hepatocellulär cancer (HCC) är en typ av levercancer med mycket låg överlevnadsgrad, inte minst på grund av svårigheten att diagnosticera i ett tidigt skede. Syftet med det här projektet är att bygga en klassificeringsmodell med random forest, baserad på uttrycksprofiler av mikroRNA (och budbärar-RNA) från patienter med HCC. Målet är att kunna skilja mellan tumörprover och normala prover genom att mäta uttrycket av mikroRNA. Om detta mål uppnås kan metoden användas för att upptäcka HCC i ett tidigare skede och för att utveckla nya läkemedel. De mikroRNA och budbärar-RNA som har en signifikant skillnad i uttryck mellan prover från tumörvävnad och intilliggande normal vävnad väljs ut för att bygga klassificaringsmodeller med random forest. Dessa modeller testas sedan på parade prover av tumörvävnad och intilliggande vävnad från patienter med HCC. Resultaten visar att modeller som byggs med denna metod kan klassificera tumörprover och normala prover med hög noggrannhet. Det finns således stor potential för att använda uttrycksprofiler från mikroRNA och budbärar-RNA för att diagnosticera HCC.
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Leung, Pui-ling Pauline. "The role of p16 tumor suppressor gene in the diagnosis of thyroid disease /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36433810.
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Leung, Pui-ling Pauline, and 梁培玲. "The role of p16 tumor suppressor gene in the diagnosis of thyroid disease." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45010833.
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Bellassai, Noemi. "Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging Biosensors for Cancer Diagnosis: Detection of Circulating Tumor DNA." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/4165.
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This doctoral thesis focused on the realization of Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging (SPRI) biosensor for the rapid, simple and label-free detection of single point mutations in the KRAS gene, standard actionable cancer biomarkers for colorectal cancer, in human plasma samples. Initially, the SPRI assay included the immobilization of specific peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes onto the gold sensor to ensure the hybridization reaction of PNA-DNA complexes. The spatially controlled immobilization of PNA probes has been obtained by injecting PNA wild-type and PNA mutated solutions into a microfluidic system coupled to SPR sensor chip. The extremely low concentration of genomic DNA required an improvement of SPRI detection capabilities, by using functionalized gold nanoparticles to amplify the hybridization signal between target analytes and corresponding PNA probes. Three representative single-point mutations, gDNA G12D, G12V and G13D, have been successfully detected.
After preliminary results of nanoparticle-enhanced SPRI assay, a mixed-charge polymer based on Poly-L-lysine (PLL) polypeptide backbone modified with an anionic peptide, connected via a nonionic OEG spacer, has been synthesized in order to achieve control over the charge distribution of PLL-coated surfaces, and thus the antifouling property. The PLL backbone has been functionalized with different percentages (y%) of maleimide-OEG-NHS ester chains (PLL-mal(y%), from 13% to 26%), and the anionic oligopeptide CEEEEE, composed of one cysteine (C) and five glutamic acids (E), with a short sequence to limit the thickness of the mixed-charge polymer antifouling coating, has been attached to the maleimide units through the thiol maleimide Michael-type addition. The grafting density has been varied to tune the balance of charged groups at polymer backbone. PLL-mal(y%)-CEEEEE surfaces have been characterized by water contact angle and polarization modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). Complementary acoustic (quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation, QCM-D) and plasmonic (surface plasmon resonance imaging, SPRI) techniques have been employed to monitor the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA), used as standard protein solution, and diluted human plasma samples. Hence, a new nanoparticle-enhanced SPRI assay for circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) detection in human plasma samples using PLL-mal(y%)-CEEEEE layer as the antifouling coating has been devised. The PNA probes and the anionic peptide have been attached to the maleimide units through the thiol maleimide reaction using a microfluidic system coupled to SPR sensor chip. The analysis of ctDNA G12D target in diluted human plasma samples (5 pg uL-1), collected from cancer patients and healthy donors, has been carried out using the conjugated AuNPs system, with a minimal sampling handling to avoid any contamination and disruption of the antifouling activity of PLL-mal(y%)-CEEEEE layer. The combined use of PLL-mal(y%)-CEEEEE as the antifouling layer with functionalized gold nanoparticles for the amplification of target detection overcomes the limiting factors related to the biosensor in the clinical field and offers an excellent ctDNA discrimination in the bloodstream at attomolar level.
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Mackay, Bruce. "Observations on the ultrastructure of human tumors, with particular reference to the role of transmission electron microscopy in tumor diagnosis." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24868.
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The thesis begins with a brief account of the historical development of diagnostic electron microscopy. Practical considerations in the procurement and handling of specimens are then discussed. The major part of the thesis is an account and analysis of contributions that electron microscopy has provided in the study and diagnostic evaluation of human tumors, arranged under anatomic systems and structured around data from observations that I have made myself or with collaborators. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the role of diagnostic electron microscopy in surgical pathology. I review practical considerations and detail how the effective use of electron microscopy in a surgical pathology department is enhanced by efficient organization, optimal utilization of technical facilities, integration with other routine diagnostic activities of the department, and liaison with clinical services. I contend that transmission electron microscopy has revealed much valuable data on the structure of normal and neoplastic cells, clarified the classification of certain categories of tumors, yielded insight into histogenesis, elucidated appearances seen in routine light microscopic sections and smears, facilitated correlation of morphology with immunohistochemistry, provided an often invaluable aid in the solution of diagnostic dilemmas, served as an effective resource in the instruction of pathologists in training, and enhanced presentations and publications on surgical pathology topics. The application of electron microscopy in surgical pathology is limited by economic considerations and a dearth of pathologists experienced in ultrastructural studies, but it continues to be a valuable resource in the examination and diagnosis of human tumors, and in research and education in pathology.
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Schackert, Hans K., Waltraud Friedl, Elke Holinski-Feder, Bernhard Irrgang, Gabriela Möslein, Steffen Pistorius, Josef Rüschoff, and Hans Detlev Saeger. "Molekularbiologie in der Viszeralchirurgie – prädiktive Diagnostik hereditärer Tumoren." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-134163.
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Zhou, Mu. "Knowledge Discovery and Predictive Modeling from Brain Tumor MRIs." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5809.
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Quantitative cancer imaging is an emerging field that develops computational techniques to acquire a deep understanding of cancer characteristics for cancer diagnosis and clinical decision making. The recent emergence of growing clinical imaging data provides a wealth of opportunity to systematically explore quantitative information to advance cancer diagnosis. Crucial questions arise as to how we can develop specific computational models that are capable of mining meaningful knowledge from a vast quantity of imaging data and how to transform such findings into improved personalized health care?
This dissertation presents a set of computational models in the context of malignant brain tumors— Giloblastoma Multiforme (GBM), which is notoriously aggressive with a poor survival rate. In particular, this dissertation developed quantitative feature extraction approaches for tumor diagnosis from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including a multi-scale local computational feature and a novel regional habitat quantification analysis of tumors. In addition, we proposed a histogram-based representation to investigate biological features to characterize ecological dynamics, which is of great clinical interest in evaluating tumor cellular distributions.
Furthermore, in regards to clinical systems, generic machine learning techniques are typically incapable of generalizing well to specific diagnostic problems. Therefore, quantitative analysis from a data-driven perspective is becoming critical. In this dissertation, we propose two specific data-driven models to tackle different types of clinical MRI data. First, we inspected cancer systems from a time-domain perspective. We propose a quantitative histogram-based approach that builds a prediction model, measuring the differences from pre- and post-treatment diagnostic MRI data. Second, we investigated the problem of mining knowledge from a skewed distribution—data samples of each survival group are unequally distributed. We proposed an algorithmic framework to effectively predict survival groups by jointly considering imbalanced distributions and classifier design. Our approach achieved an accuracy of 95.24%, suggesting it captures class-specific information in a challenging clinical setting.
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BRAMBILLA, TANIA de P. "Desenvolvimento de metodos para marcacao de DMSA pentavalente com sup(99m)Tc e sup(188)Re." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2009. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11516.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Yang, Zhugen. "3D-Microstructured Protein Chip for Cancer Diagnosis." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00780192.
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Protein microarrays are becoming powerful tools to screen and identify tumor markers for cancer diagnosis, because of the multiplex detection and minute volume of sample requirement. Due to the diversity and variation in different cancers, no single tumor marker is sensitive and specific enough to meet strict diagnostic criteria. Therefore, a combination of tumor markers is required to increase sensitivity and to establish distinct patterns to increase specificity. To obtain reliable tests, the development of reproducible surface chemistry and immobilization procedure are crucial steps in the elaboration of efficient protein microarrays. In this thesis, 3D micro-structured glass slides were functionalized with various surface chemistries like silane monolayer (amino, epoxy and carboxy), and polymer layers of Jeff amine, chitosan, carboxymethyl dextran (CMD), maleic anhydride-alt-methyl vinyl ether copolymer (MAMVE) for physical adsorption or covalent binding with proteins. Surface characterizations, such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), confirmed the monolayer/polymer grafting on the glass slides. Colorimetric assay for determining amine density of three aminated surfaces demonstrated that APDMES had more grafting density than Jeffamine and chitosan. Contact angle measurements show that polymer surfaces were more hydrophilic than monolayer surfaces due to the increasing dosages of polar functional groups. Moreover, the parameters such as additives and pH of spotting buffer, probe concentration, blocking procedures etc, were optimized for tumor marker detection. Under the optimized conditions, antibody microarrays were validated with purified tumor antigens. The best analytical performances obtained for each tumor antigen tested were strongly dependent on functionalized surfaces, e.g. MAMVE exhibited best analytical performances for CEA andHsp60 while NHS leads to best results for PDI and CA19-9. Besides, the implemented antibody microarrays were applied to tumor marker detection from colorectal cancer sera. This evaluation shows the interest to combine several tumor markers on the same surface and the combination of tumor markers on their specific surface lead to remarkably increase the positive responses of tested cancer sera (even up to 100 %). A second type of microarrays (tumor-associated antigens - TAA microarrays) was designed to discriminate breast cancer patients from healthy donors through the detection of tumor autoantibodies. This study included a cohort of 29 breast cancer patients' and 28 healthy donors' sera. A panel of fiveTAAs (Hsp60, p53, Her2, NY-ESO-1 and Hsp70) immobilized on their respective optimized surface chemistry allowed to specifically detect over 82% of breast cancer patients.
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Li, Tak-kin, and 李德健. "A study of Twist and DJ-1 expressions and their clinical significance in renal cell carcinoma of clear cell type." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45153863.
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Schefer, Quirino [Verfasser]. "Generation of new GPCR-antibodies for target validation in tumor diagnosis and therapy / Quirino Schefer." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1026992249/34.
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Beig, Niha Ghouse. "PERI-TUMORAL RADIOGENOMIC APPROACHES TO CAPTURE TUMOR ENVIRONMENT FOR DISEASE DIAGNOSIS AND PREDICTING PATIENT SURVIVAL." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1596539894404172.
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Aubreville, Marc [Verfasser], Robert [Akademischer Betreuer] Klopfleisch, and Andreas [Gutachter] Maier. "Computer-Aided Tumor Diagnosis of Microscopy Images / Marc Aubreville ; Gutachter: Andreas Maier ; Betreuer: Robert Klopfleisch." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2020. http://d-nb.info/1211557502/34.
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Schlamann, Annika, Bueren André von, Christian Hagel, Isabella Zwiener, Clemens Seidel, Rolf-Dieter Kortmann, and Klaus Müller. "An individual patient data meta-analysis on characteristics and outcome of patients with papillary glioneuronal tumor, rosette glioneuronal tumor with neuropil-like islands and rosette forming glioneuronal tumor of the fourth ventricle." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-148338.
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Background and Purpose: In 2007, the WHO classification of brain tumors was extended by three new entities of glioneuronal tumors: papillary glioneuronal tumor (PGNT), rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor of the fourth ventricle (RGNT) and glioneuronal tumor with neuropil-like islands (GNTNI). Focusing on clinical characteristics and outcome, the authors performed a comprehensive individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis of the cases reported in literature until December 2012.
Methods: PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched for peer-reviewed articles reporting on PGNT, RGNT, and GNTNI using predefined keywords. Results: 95 publications reported on 182 patients (PGNT, 71; GNTNI, 26; RGNT, 85). Median age at diagnosis was 23 years (range 4–75) for PGNT, 27 years (range 6–79) for RGNT, and 40 years (range 2–65) for GNTNI. Ninety-seven percent of PGNT and 69% of GNTNI were located in the supratentorial region, 23% of GNTNI were in the spinal cord, and 80% of RGNT were localized in the posterior fossa. Complete resection was reported in 52 PGNT (73%), 36 RGNT (42%), and 7 GNTNI (27%) patients. Eight PGNT, 3 RGNT, and 12 GNTNI patients were treated with chemo- and/or radiotherapy as the primary postoperative treatment. Follow-up data were available for 132 cases. After a median follow-up time of 1.5 years (range 0.2–25) across all patients, 1.5-year progression-free survival rates were 52±12% for GNTNI, 86±5% for PGNT, and 100% for RGNT. The 1.5-year overall-survival were 95±5%, 98±2%, and 100%, respectively.
Conclusions: The clinical understanding of the three new entities of glioneuronal tumors, PGNT, RGNT and GNTNI, is currently emerging. The present meta-analysis will hopefully contribute to a delineation of their diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic profiles. However, the available data do not provide a solid basis to define the optimum treatment approach. Hence, a central register should be established.
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Prasanna, Prateek. "NOVEL RADIOMICS FOR SPATIALLY INTERROGATING TUMOR HABITAT: APPLICATIONS IN PREDICTING TREATMENT RESPONSE AND SURVIVAL IN BRAIN TUMORS." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case149624929700524.
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Schackert, Hans K., Waltraud Friedl, Elke Holinski-Feder, Bernhard Irrgang, Gabriela Möslein, Steffen Pistorius, Josef Rüschoff, and Hans Detlev Saeger. "Molekularbiologie in der Viszeralchirurgie – prädiktive Diagnostik hereditärer Tumoren." Karger, 1999. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27565.
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Havaei, Seyed Mohammad. "Machine learning methods for brain tumor segmentation." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10260.
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Abstract : Malignant brain tumors are the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in children under 20. There are nearly 700,000 people in the U.S. living with a brain tumor and 17,000 people are likely to loose their lives due to primary malignant and central nervous system brain tumor every year.
To identify whether a patient is diagnosed with brain tumor in a non-invasive way, an MRI scan of the brain is acquired followed by a manual examination of the scan by an expert who looks for lesions (i.e. cluster of cells which deviate from healthy tissue). For treatment purposes, the tumor and its sub-regions are outlined in a procedure known as brain tumor segmentation . Although brain tumor segmentation is primarily done manually, it is very time consuming and the segmentation is subject to variations both between observers and within the same observer. To address these issues, a number of automatic and semi-automatic methods have been proposed over the years to help physicians in the decision making process.
Methods based on machine learning have been subjects of great interest in brain tumor segmentation. With the advent of deep learning methods and their success in many computer vision applications such as image classification, these methods have also started to gain popularity in medical image analysis.
In this thesis, we explore different machine learning and deep learning methods applied to brain tumor segmentation.Résumé: Les tumeurs malignes au cerveau sont la deuxième cause principale de décès chez les enfants de moins de 20 ans. Il y a près de 700 000 personnes aux États-Unis vivant avec une tumeur au cerveau, et 17 000 personnes sont chaque année à risque de perdre leur vie suite à une tumeur maligne primaire dans le système nerveu central. Pour identifier de façon non-invasive si un patient est atteint d'une tumeur au cerveau, une image IRM du cerveau est acquise et analysée à la main par un expert pour trouver des lésions (c.-à-d. un groupement de cellules qui diffère du tissu sain). Une tumeur et ses régions doivent être détectées à l'aide d'une segmentation pour aider son traitement. La segmentation de tumeur cérébrale et principalement faite à la main, c'est une procédure qui demande beaucoup de temps et les variations intra et inter expert pour un même cas varient beaucoup. Pour répondre à ces problèmes, il existe beaucoup de méthodes automatique et semi-automatique qui ont été proposés ces dernières années pour aider les praticiens à prendre des décisions. Les méthodes basées sur l'apprentissage automatique ont suscité un fort intérêt dans le domaine de la segmentation des tumeurs cérébrales. L'avènement des méthodes de Deep Learning et leurs succès dans maintes applications tels que la classification d'images a contribué à mettre de l'avant le Deep Learning dans l'analyse d'images médicales. Dans cette thèse, nous explorons diverses méthodes d'apprentissage automatique et de Deep Learning appliquées à la segmentation des tumeurs cérébrales.
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Zhu, Li, and 朱麗. "Determination of predictive markers related to micro-metastasis in breast cancer patients." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30330919.
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Nordemar, Sushma. "Methods for early diagnosis of head and neck cancer /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-872-6/.
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He, Lian. "NONCONTACT DIFFUSE CORRELATION TOMOGRAPHY OF BREAST TUMOR." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cbme_etds/33.
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Since aggressive cancers are frequently hypermetabolic with angiogenic vessels, quantification of blood flow (BF) can be vital for cancer diagnosis. Our laboratory has developed a noncontact diffuse correlation tomography (ncDCT) system for 3-D imaging of BF distribution in deep tissues (up to centimeters). The ncDCT system employs two sets of optical lenses to project source and detector fibers respectively onto the tissue surface, and applies finite element framework to model light transportation in complex tissue geometries. This thesis reports our first step to adapt the ncDCT system for 3-D imaging of BF contrasts in human breast tumors. A commercial 3-D camera was used to obtain breast surface geometry which was then converted to a solid volume mesh. An ncDCT probe scanned over a region of interest on the breast mesh surface and the measured boundary data were used for 3-D image reconstruction of BF distribution. This technique was tested with computer simulations and in 28 patients with breast tumors. Results from computer simulations suggest that relatively high accuracy can be achieved when the entire tumor was within the sensitive region of diffuse light. Image reconstruction with a priori knowledge of the tumor volume and location can significantly improve the accuracy in recovery of tumor BF contrasts. In vivo ncDCT imaging results from the majority of breast tumors showed higher BF contrasts in the tumor regions compared to the surrounding tissues. Reconstructed tumor depths and dimensions matched ultrasound imaging results when the tumors were within the sensitive region of light propagation. The results demonstrate that ncDCT system has the potential to image BF distributions in soft and vulnerable tissues without distorting tissue hemodynamics. In addition to this primary study, detector fibers with different modes (i.e., single-mode, few-mode, multimode) for photon collection were experimentally explored to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of diffuse correlation spectroscopy flow-oximeter measurements.
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Veronezi, Rafaela Julia Batista 1978. "Analise tardia do grau de paralisia facial em pacientes operados de Schwannoma vestibular." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309756.
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Orientador: Ivens Barbosa FernandesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T09:00:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Veronezi_RafaelaJuliaBatista_M.pdf: 828778 bytes, checksum: f19e0be2857b2f9708daf21b30253f26 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: Introdução: A avaliação do grau de paralisia facial é parte importante do acompanhamento dos pacientes operados de schwannoma vestibular (SV), em virtude da morbidade física e social que acarreta. Sua reversibilidade é um questionamento persistente por parte do paciente e do neurocirurgião. Objetivos: Este estudo objetiva analisar o grau de paralisia facial em pacientes operados de SV e correlacionar o tamanho do tumor com a função facial na avaliação a longo prazo destes pacientes. Método: Estudo transversal com análise seriada de 20 pacientes com SV operados no HC/UNICAMP entre Janeiro de 1999 e Outubro de 2002, pela via retrosigmóide-transmeatal. A função do nervo facial foi avaliada através da Escala de House-Brackmann no pré-operatório, pós-operatório imediato e pós-operatório tardio (mínimo de 18 meses). Os tumores foram classificados como pequenos (_.O em), médio (2.1-4.0 em) ou grande (_4.0 em). O teste t de Student foi aplicado para análise estatística. Resultados: A média de idade dos pacientes do estudo foi de 51 anos (variação de 17 a 77 anos), sendo 75% do sexo feminino. A média do tamanho do tumor foi de 3.38 em. O maior tempo de avaliação a longo prazo foi de 5 anos e 10 meses e o menor tempo foi de 1 ano e 7 meses (média de 3 anos e 10 meses). No pós-operatório imediato, 65% dos pacientes apresentaram graus variados de paralisia facial, sendo que 53% destes obtiveram melhora de pelo menos um grau de House-Brackmann na avaliação tardia. Os pacientes com melhora insatisfatória na avaliação final já apresentavam algum grau desta paralisia no período pré-operatório. Houve diferença significativa no resultado da função facial no pós-operatório tardio quando o tamanho do tumor foi considerado (p<0.05). Conclusões: A cirurgia do SV tem como uma das morbidades a paralisia facial, que pode ser definitiva ou temporária. A maioria dos pacientes (65%) apresentou melhora desta disfunção em um tempo médio de 3 anos e 10 meses. A análise do grau de paralisia facial em pacientes operados de SV permitiu o acompanhamento da evolução a longo prazo destes pacientes e a identificação do tamanho do tumor como fator associado ao prognóstico desfavorável no pós-operatório tardio
Abstract: Introduction: The evaluation of facial palsy is an important issue after vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery due to its physical and social morbidity. Its reversibility is a . persistent questioning on the part of the patient and the neurosurgeon. Objetives: This study aimed to evaluate facial palsy in patients undergoing VS resection and to correia te tumor size and facial function in a long-term follow-up. Method: Transversal study of 20 patients with VS operated in HCIUNICAMP between January 1999 and October 2002 by the retrosigmoid approach. Facial function was evaluated by House-Brackmann Scale before, immediate and 18 months or longer after surgery. Tumors were classified as small (::2.0 cm), medium (2.1-4.0 cm) or large (>4.0 cm). The Student t test was applied for statistic analysis. ResuIts: The mean age ofpatients was 51 years (range 17 to 77 years) and 75% of the cases were females. Mean tumor size was 3.3 8 cm. The longest time of postoperative evaluation was 3 years and 10 months and the shorter one was 1 Year and 7 months (mean time of3 years and 10 months). In the immediate postoperative evaluation, 65% ofpatients presented facial palsy of different grades. Improvement of facial nerve function (at least of one grade) occurred in 53% in the long-term follow-up. Patients with unsatisfactory improvement in the final evaluation had alreagy had some degree of this palsy preoperatively. There was a statistically significant difference in facial nerve outcome in the long-term follow-up when tumor size was considered (p<0,05). Conclusions: VS surgery has as morbidity the facial palsy that can be definitive or temporary. The majority of patients had improvement this disfunction in a mean time of3 years and 10 months after VS surgery (65%). Analysis ofthe grade offacial palsy allowed the accompaniment ofthe evolution of these patients and the identification of tumor size as factor associated with the postoperative unfavorable prognostic in the long-term follow-u
Mestrado
Ciencias Biomedicas
Mestre em Ciências Médicas
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Yang, Xuesong, and 楊雪松. "Identification of epigenetic biomarkers for diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and determination of WIF1 functional relevance." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/209492.
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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is closely associated with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV).Early diagnosis of NPC will improve the overall survival. However, traditional EBV markers do not perform well in high-risk individuals or for early detection of NPC. Aberrant promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) is an important epigenetic change in early tumorigenesis. This study identified a promising panel of methylation markers for early detection of NPC and assessed the clinical usefulness of these markers using nasopharyngeal (NP) brushing and blood specimens.
Methylation-sensitive high resolution melting (MS-HRM) assays were carried out to assess the methylation status of a selected panel of four TSGs (RASSF1A, WIF1, DAPK1, RAR2)in biopsies, NP brushings and cell-free plasma from NPC patients. NP brushing and blood samples from high-risk and cancer-free groups were used as controls.
The DNA methylation panel showed higher sensitivity and specificity than the EBV DNA markerincell-free plasma for early stage (Iand II) NPC (sensitivity: 64.6% vs. 51.2% and specificity: 96.0% vs. 88.0%, respectively). In combination with plasma EBV DNA, testing for DNA methylation in plasma and NP brushings using the four-gene MS-HRM test significantly increased the detection rate for all stages of NPC(94.1% for stages I-II, 98.4% for stages III-IV) as well as recurrence(93.5%).
Aberrant activation of the Wnt signaling pathway is a common mechanism for cell transformation and tumor development in a variety of human cancers. A high frequency of promoter hypermethylation of WIF1was observed in NPC cell lines (100%), primary tumor biopsies(89.7%), NP brushings (80.2%), and cell-free plasma (51.8%),with no significant correlation with NPC stage. Simultaneously, expression of WIF1 was completely silenced in NPC cell lines (HONE1, HK1, HNE1, SUNE1, CNE1, CNE2, and C666),but not in immortalized NP epithelial cells (NP460 and NP69). These together suggested an important role of WIF1 in NPC development.
In vitro and in vivo functional assays revealed a tumor suppressive role of WIF1in NPC. Restoration of WIF1expression in NPC cells significantly suppressed anchorage-independent growth, in vivo tumorigenicity, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis of NPC cells. A number of important angiogenesis-related genes were down-regulated by WIF1expression, including IL6,IL8,VEGF165,VEGFA, PDGFB, and MCP1. There is inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, manifested as decreased β-catenin expression and TCF/LEF Wnt promoter activity. These data indicated the important regulatory role of Wnt signaling pathway in NPC tumorigenicity, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis, by interacting with the complex signaling network in NPC cells.
To conclude, the MS-HRM assay on the selected gene panel in combination with the EBV DNA test, increases the sensitivity for NPC detection at an early stage and detection of recurrence and has great potential to become a non-invasive test for early diagnosis and disease monitoring after treatment. Collectively, results from this study reveal that WIF1is not only a sensitive biomarker, but also a tumor suppressor gene in NPC. Understanding the molecular regulatory role ofWIF1in NPC will facilitate the diagnosis of NPC, and development of novel NPC therapeutic strategy.published_or_final_version
Clinical Oncology
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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COZZI, MARZIA. "FLOW CYTOMETRY FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND THE CHARACTERIZATION OF CANINE LYMPHOPROLIPHERATIVE TUMORS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/580991.
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ABSTRACT
Flow cytometry (FC) is a diagnostic technique in continuous development and, to date, it plays a fundamental role in human medicine for the diagnosis and the classification of hematopoietic tumors.
Several studies state that the information obtained from the FC analysis in addition to defining the immunophenotype of the tumor cells, hence the origin of the neoplasia, can help to predict its biological behavior (Swerdlow et al., 2016).
FC has thus become a simple and objective method to characterize hematopoietic tumors in order to obtain also valuable prognostic information.
In veterinary medicine, FC is increasingly adopted for the diagnosis, staging, and monitoring of hematopoietic tumors, but despite advances in the generation and validation of antibodies for the use in dogs, the characterization of such neoplasms remains challenging (Wilkerson et al., 2005; Comazzi and Gelain, 2011).
The aim of this doctoral project is to describe some less frequent subtypes of lymphomas and leukemia of the dog via FC, in order to define its biological behavior and to investigate whether there is any variable of prognostic value among all the factors analyzed.
For this purpose, four studies will be illustrated; the first is a retrospective work, aiming to evaluate pre-analytical factors that may affect the diagnostic utility of FC in samples of lymph node aspirates. The work included 987 cases selected in the period 2009-2015, in which a lymph node aspirate was sent to our laboratory with suspect of lymphoproliferative disease. In order to define any possible bias affecting the outcome of the FC diagnosis, the variables analyzed were related to the animal (breed, sex, age), related to the operator (year, season, method of delivery to the laboratory, referring veterinarian) and related to the sample (type of material, cell concentration, presence of cytological slides, presence of artifacts). Of the factors considered, the sample cellularity and the presence of dead cells were the ones that most influenced the possibility of obtaining an adequate diagnosis. FC was, however, conclusive in almost all the samples, that were characterized by good quality and adequate sampling conditions.
The study focused on TZL, a peculiar canine lymphoma with an indolent behavior, aimed to characterize this entity from a clinical and pathological point of view. The first phase of the work was retrospective, with the aim of describing clinical presentation and outcome of 51 cases selected between 2009 and 2014. The second phase of the study was aimed at clarifying the origin of the peculiar CD45 negative T-immunophenotype (Martini et al., 2013; Seelig et al., 2014); specifically, we confirmed the absence of the surface protein by means of two different techniques (flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry) and verified whether the transcript and the gene encoding the protein were present. The results confirmed that this type of lymphoma has indolent behavior with long survival times, despite being often diagnosed at the V stage of the disease. Furthermore, we can note that the origin of the phenotypic aberration is probably attributable to transcription factors, given the absence of transcription associated with the presence of the corresponding genomic tract.
The objective of the third study was focused on the description of the biological behavior of nodal-type marginal lymphoma (nMZL). Although in literature it is classified as indolent lymphoma, some publications reported cases with a rather aggressive behavior (Flood-Knapik et al., 2012; Valli et al., 2013; Aresu et al., 2015; Marconato et al., 2015). Clinical information was collected from 35 retrospectively selected nMZL cases, with complete staging and standardized therapies. In our cohort, this lymphoma did not show and indolent behavior, with a generalized involvement and with short survival times, almost overlapping with the high-grade diffuse B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Thanks to the results of this work, discussions could be opened on the correct therapeutic approach.
The latest study aimed to evaluate new antigens for the diagnosis and stratification of patients with CLL-B. The expression of the ZAP70 and CD38 markers in human medicine is closely related to the progression of the disease, with much lower survivals in patients with expression over specific thresholds (Rossi et al., 2010; Sulda et al., 2012). In the present project, these markers were evaluated for the first time in 37 blood samples of dogs with chronic B-cell leukemia, together with CD25 and ki67. Clinical data of the cases were obtained and survival analysis finally revealed that ZAP70 is a potential prognostic marker, providing bases for further studies with larger case studies and standardized therapy.
The results of my doctoral project confirm that FC is a good technique for the study of the clinical-pathological aspects of lymphoproliferative tumors of dogs, and provides useful information to complete the biological profile of these tumors, also laying the foundations for future investigations on the usefulness of the proposed new markers.
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Huyn, Steven Taro. "The development of a tumor specific gene therapy vector for the treatment and diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1872148741&sid=8&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Dearling, Jason L. J. "Hypoxia targeting copper complexes." Thesis, University of Kent, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297352.
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Khemis, Kamila. "Imagerie de fluorescence en cancérologie : spectroscopie, traitement du signal et gestion automatisée pour l'optimisation du diagnostic des tumeurs précoces." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1998_KHEMIS_K.pdf.
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Un système d'imagerie de fluorescence a été développé pour permettre le diagnostic des tumeurs superficielles ou endoscopiques en autofluorescence ou en fluorescence induite. Ce système comprend une source laser et une lumière blanche, focalisées sur une fibre optique. Leurs rôles respectifs sont de générer les images de fluorescence et de lumière blanche qui sont acquises de façon séquentielle par une camera couleur (adaptée à l'outil endoscopique), puis digitalisées et visualisées sur le moniteur. Le passage d'une source à l'autre se fait par un obturateur mécanique contrôlé par un moteur pas à pas, lequel est commandé par un microcontrôleur. Deux algorithmes sont développés en Windows C++ (Globa et Globi) et permettent respectivement un diagnostic en autofluorescence ou en fluorescence induite. Le deuxième algorithme comporte une étape supplémentaire par rapport au premier : il s'agit de la suppression du signal d'autofluorescence qui est effectuée après l'étude de la séparation fréquentielle de la camera. Les étapes communes du traitement d'image sont le filtrage de l'image globale, suivi de la correction de l'image de fluorescence par rapport à la distribution du faisceau d'excitation en exploitant l'image en lumière blanche, puis le rehaussement de contraste ou la segmentation de l'image de fluorescence selon le choix de l'operateur. Les algorithmes ont été testés sur des fantômes, sur des souris et des rates avec et sans photosensibilisant (HpD, mTHPC et ALA). De bons résultats (applications endoscopiques) sont obtenus avec les fantômes : identification correcte des régions simulant la tumeur et le tissu sain avec des niveaux de gris qui permettent de retrouver la concentration du photosensibilisant de chaque zone. Dans le cas des applications superficielles in-vivo, l'identification des tumeurs n'est pas toujours possible à cause de l'hétérogénéité de la fluorescence dans une région donnée. Les mesures spectrales effectuées sur ces sites confirment la non sélectivité du signal de fluorescence entre tissus sain et pathologique. Cette étude suggère une association de la spectroscopie à l'imagerie de fluorescence en temps réel pour optimiser le choix des points de mesure en spectroscopie, ainsi que l'amélioration de l'instrumentation pour aboutir à des applications endoscopiques in-vivo.
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Ekberg, Tomas. "Diagnosis and Radioimmunotherapy of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Universitetsbiblioteket [distributör], 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8395.
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Buder, Thomas, Andreas Deutsch, Barbara Klink, and Anja Voss-Böhme. "Model-Based Evaluation of Spontaneous Tumor Regression in Pilocytic Astrocytoma." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-203463.
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Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is the most common brain tumor in children. This tumor is usually benign and has a good prognosis. Total resection is the treatment of choice and will cure the majority of patients. However, often only partial resection is possible due to the location of the tumor. In that case, spontaneous regression, regrowth, or progression to a more aggressive form have been observed. The dependency between the residual tumor size and spontaneous regression is not understood yet. Therefore, the prognosis is largely unpredictable and there is controversy regarding the management of patients for whom complete resection cannot be achieved. Strategies span from pure observation (wait and see) to combinations of surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Here, we introduce a mathematical model to investigate the growth and progression behavior of PA. In particular, we propose a Markov chain model incorporating cell proliferation and death as well as mutations. Our model analysis shows that the tumor behavior after partial resection is essentially determined by a risk coefficient γ, which can be deduced from epidemiological data about PA. Our results quantitatively predict the regression probability of a partially resected benign PA given the residual tumor size and lead to the hypothesis that this dependency is linear, implying that removing any amount of tumor mass will improve prognosis. This finding stands in contrast to diffuse malignant glioma where an extent of resection threshold has been experimentally shown, below which no benefit for survival is expected. These results have important implications for future therapeutic studies in PA that should include residual tumor volume as a prognostic factor.
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Buder, Thomas, Andreas Deutsch, Barbara Klink, and Anja Voss-Böhme. "Model-Based Evaluation of Spontaneous Tumor Regression in Pilocytic Astrocytoma." PloS, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29530.
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Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is the most common brain tumor in children. This tumor is usually benign and has a good prognosis. Total resection is the treatment of choice and will cure the majority of patients. However, often only partial resection is possible due to the location of the tumor. In that case, spontaneous regression, regrowth, or progression to a more aggressive form have been observed. The dependency between the residual tumor size and spontaneous regression is not understood yet. Therefore, the prognosis is largely unpredictable and there is controversy regarding the management of patients for whom complete resection cannot be achieved. Strategies span from pure observation (wait and see) to combinations of surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Here, we introduce a mathematical model to investigate the growth and progression behavior of PA. In particular, we propose a Markov chain model incorporating cell proliferation and death as well as mutations. Our model analysis shows that the tumor behavior after partial resection is essentially determined by a risk coefficient γ, which can be deduced from epidemiological data about PA. Our results quantitatively predict the regression probability of a partially resected benign PA given the residual tumor size and lead to the hypothesis that this dependency is linear, implying that removing any amount of tumor mass will improve prognosis. This finding stands in contrast to diffuse malignant glioma where an extent of resection threshold has been experimentally shown, below which no benefit for survival is expected. These results have important implications for future therapeutic studies in PA that should include residual tumor volume as a prognostic factor.
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Zaccaro, Cristina <1987>. "Evaluation of Tumor M2 Pyruvate Kinase and Endocannabinoid System Expression in Colorectal Preneoplastic and Neoplastic Lesions: Possible Use for non Invasive Diagnosis." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7357/4/Zaccaro_Cristina_tesi..pdf.
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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multistep process that goes through adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Many forms of CRC may be prevented by routine control, which can detect precancerous neoplasm before they undergo malignant transformation (123). For this reasons we hypothesized that a combination of simple faecal tests, may help to identify patients with higher risk of adenomas and/or CRC. The aim of this study is to clarify whether FOBT, enzyme Tumor M2-PK and endocannabinoid system molecules (CB1, CB2, FAAH), could represent diagnostic non-invasive markers, alone or in combination, for early diagnosis of CRC and its precancerous lesions. In a pivotal study we analyzed a selected population, using i-FOBT and quantitative ELISA stool test for t-M2-PK detection. i-FOBT showed the highest specificity and PPV (88.8% and 52.7% respectively); M2-PK had the best sensitivity (87.2%); the best results it obtained with combination tests; in fact if our patients had been subjected only to the i-FOBT test, 33 high risk adenoma and 14 CRC would not have been diagnosed. Supported by these findings, we analyzed a consecutive population: patients with both positive tests have only 31.6% risk of developing CRC; in contrast, patients negative to both markers, cancer risk was less than 2% (VPN 98.5%). We confirmed, also with immuoistochemistry, that increase of tumour M2-PK in patients with CRC, as well as in stool samples, is correlated with pre neoplastic stages. To investigate the expression of endocannabinoid system in CRC, CB1, CB2 and FAAH markers were studied immunochemically in different stages and normal tissue. CB receptors and their ligands, as well as FAAH inhibitions, showed to have a protective role in colorectal cancer. They, in combination with other markers (such as t-M2-PK and FOBT), could be indicated to develop a non-invasive test for an early diagnosis of cancerous and pre-cancerous colorectal lesions.
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Kuo, Jen-Wei, and 郭任瑋. "Tumor Diagnosis of Dynamic Breast Elastography." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00717864429359990969.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
資訊工程學研究所
98
The breast cancer is always the main causes of death for women. In recent years, the sonoelastography has been used to measure the tumor strain. In the sonoelastography, the physicians need to lightly compress a tumor to obtain a dynamic elastographic image sequence. According to the displacement of the tumor, the tumor strain will be obtained on sonoelastography video. Finally, the physicians will choose the representative slice from the dynamic elastographic image sequence to diagnose the tumor. The purpose of this study is to use image quantification method to automatically choose a representative slice, and automatically segment the tumor contour to evaluate the features to diagnose the tumor. First, according to the uniformity inside the tumor (the signal to noise ratio, SNRe) or the contrast of the tumor and the surrounding normal tissue (contrast to noise ratio, CNRe), the two kinds of quality quantification methods will be used to select the representative slice. Then, the level set method is used to segment the tumor contour. Finally, the B-mode and elastography features by the tumor contour are extracted for diagnosis. Furthermore, the two kinds of features are combined to diagnose the tumors to improve the performance. In this study, 151 biopsy-proved sonoelastography composed of 89 benign and 62 malignant masses are used to evaluate the performance of the quantification methods and the representative slices selected by the proposed methods will be compared to the physician-selected slice. In the experiment result, as using elastography features, the diagnosis performance of accuracy is 82.12% (124/151) on representative slice of CNRe, 82.12% (124/151) on representative slice of SNRe, 82.78% (125/151) on the physician-selected slice; as using B-mode features, the diagnosis performance of accuracy is 80.79% (122/151) on representative slice of CNRe, 87.42% (132/151) on representative slice of SNRe, 84.11% (127/151) on the physician-selected slice; as combining the B-mode and elastography features, the diagnosis performance of accuracy is 86.09% (130/151) on representative slice of CNRe, 90.07% (136/151) on representative slice of SNRe, 89.40% (135/151) on the physician-selected slice. Therefore, the representative slice selected by SNRe and CNRe colud replace the physician-selected slice to reduce the physician’s load, and combining the B-mode and elastography features will increase the diagnosis performance.
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Chiang, Li-Ren, and 江立人. "Automated Whole Breast Ultrasound Tumor Diagnosis." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50877754286860886730.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
資訊工程學研究所
98
In the past, breast cancer is the major cause of death for women among all kinds of cancer. But the curability of breast cancer can be greatly improved if a proper treatment is adopted after an early detection. In recent years, the computer-aided diagnosis systems have been developed rapidly and they can not only detect the tumors but also differentiate malignant tumors from benign ones. Hence the demand of the breast biopsy of the detected tumors might be further reduced. Recently, the new automated whole breast ultrasound (ABUS) machines have also been developed in order to provide a fast screening tool as the routine clinical used mammography. In this paper, the ABUS images are used for the diagnosis of tumors. At first, the three-dimensional (3-D) tumor contour is segmented by using the automated level-set segmentation method. Then, the features including the texture information based on co-occurrence matrix, shape information, and ellipsoid fitting information are extracted based on the segmented 3-D tumor contour to classify the benign and malignant tumors. In the experiment, there are 147 pathologyproven cases, including 76 benign tumors and 71 malignant ones, are used to test the diagnosis performance of the logistic regression model with a leave-one-out cross validation based on the proposed features. From the experiment results, it is found that ellipsoid fitting features combined with traditional shape features can achieve a better performance with accuracy 85.03% (125/147), the sensitivity 84.51% (60/71), specificity 85.53% (65/76), and the area under the ROC curve Az 0.9466. Hence, the ABUS images could be used not only for screening the breast cancers but also diagnosing the detected tumors.
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Lin, Yi-Ting, and 林怡婷. "Tumor Diagnosis of Shear Wave Breast Elastography." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36247809050752853242.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
資訊網路與多媒體研究所
100
The breast cancer is always one of the ten leading death causes for women around the world. The strain of the tumor has been confirmed to be the main feature of distinguishing benign and malignant tumors. In the past years, the physician has used the sonoelastography with manual compression to obtain the tumor strain. Different from the conventional sonoelastography, this study adopts the new shear wave elastography which uses the acoustic radiation to generate the tumor strain. In the conventional sonoelastography, the tumor diagnosis is based on the elasticity information inside the tumor. However, in the new shear wave elastography, the important diagnostic information is outside the tumor rather than inside the tumor. The purposes of this paper are automatically segmenting the tumor contour for the image and extracting the features to diagnose benign and malignant tumors. First, we use the level set segmentation method to automatically cut out the tumor contour. Comparing with the manually circled tumor, our scheme can maintain the consistency of the segmentation results. Then, the tumor contour and image information are applied to extract the B-mode and elastographic features. Finally, in addition to use either B-mode or elastographic features to diagnose benign and malignant tumors, a combination of both feature set is also utilized for diagnosis. In this study, we use 112 biopsy-proved breast tumors composed of 58 benign and 54 malignant cases. The experimental results illustrate that the accuracy in distinguishing tumors using B-mode features is 84.82%, whereas 91.07% using elastography features, and 94.64% combining B-mode and elastographic features. Based on statistical analyses of experimental results, the accuracy of classifying tumors using the combined feature set is significantly improved.
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Yu, Chien-Huan, and 余鑑桓. "Computer-aided Tumor Diagnosis of Breast Tomosynthesis." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/y9hj9v.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
資訊工程學研究所
106
Among female throughout the world, breast cancer has become one of the most common carcinomas and the leading cause of cancer-related death. Early detection can provide a better treatment and significantly reduce mortality. Currently, the most effective tool to diagnose breast cancer is mammography screening. Tomosynthesis as a three dimensional (3-D) tomographic technique can overcome the overlapping problem from superimposed tissues of two dimensional (2-D) mammography. Therefore, we proposed a computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) system implemented in tomosynthesis and also in mammography to compare their performance. The CADx system was built by binary logistic regression classifier. Texture features, including gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), ranklet, and Gabor, were extracted from user-specified regions of interest (ROIs) in mammograms or volumes of interest (VOIs) in tomosynthesis images. The performance of different combinations of features were evaluated. The CADx system was tested with a dataset of 42 benign and 82 malignant tumors. The best performance was achieved by applying Gabor feature in tomosynthesis with an accuracy of 85.48% (106/124), a sensitivity of 86.59% (71/82), a specificity of 83.33% (35/42), and an Az value of 0.8712. To summarize, tomosynthesis is more effective in classification of breast tumor with Gabor feature than mammography.
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Ding, Zhao Tai, and 丁肇泰. "The application of immunohistochemistry on animal tumor diagnosis." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09211283558336554791.
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Lu, Yeh-Ta, and 盧業達. "Computer-Aided Tumor Diagnosis for Automated Breast Ultrasound." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11815108051177873246.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
資訊網路與多媒體研究所
104
In women aged 20-59 years, breast cancer is the highest mortality. Early treatment can effectively reduce the mortality of breast cancer. In recently, breast ultrasound image is often used to diagnose between benign and malignant tumors. For increasing the accuracy, most researches segment the tumor before classification, and the segmented results directly affect the classification between benign and malignant tumors. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to refine segmented tumors using the image matting method for computer-aided diagnosis. First, the volume-of-interest (VOI) of tumor was extracted from the ultrasound image and pre-segmented by a conventional segmentation method. The tri-map including the background, foreground, and unknown region was created with the pre-segmented tumor, and then the image matting method was applied for refining the segmentation according to the unknown region of tri-map. Texture and morphology features were extracted from refined segmentation result and then the support vector machine was applied with extracted features to classify tumor into benign or malignant tumor. This study was validated with 80 cases including 40 benign and 40 malignant breast lesions. According to the experiment results, applying the image matting method had better performance than not applying the image matting method, and the combination of GLCM, ranklet, and ellipsoid fitting feature set had significant (resolution??. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and the area under ROC achieved 85.0% (68/80), 87.5% (35/40), 82.5% (33/40), and 0.8829, respectively. From the experiment results, the image matting method could actually refine tumor segmentation, and more precise classification between benign and malignant tumor results were obtained.
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Hong, Hsiang-ann, and 洪祥恩. "Breast Tumor Diagnosis Using Artificial Neural Network Techniques." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04696597400609301961.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中央大學
生物醫學工程研究所
98
This thesis presents an artificial neural network (ANN) technique for breast tumor diagnosis expected to shorten measurement time and discriminate tumor categories. The method is design with four inputs (AD, AW1, AW2, α) passing through the artificial neural network (ANN) to obtain the tumor categories (contrast, radius, distance, radiation angle). The inputs represent the characteristics from the difference between the measured intensities of the inhomogeneous and the homogeneous phantom, and then the ANN is training by simulation data, which is simulated by finite element forward method. Finally testing our method by simulation and experiment data, then we have three concluded points: (1) Tumor location and radius can be estimated more precisely than tumor contrast. Though tumor contrast is estimated false, using tumor location and radius to diagnosis breast tumor is enough. Because of above we can promise our ANN diagnosis method, and then the method also can be expected to be the initial guess for the inverse solution in the numerical simulation. (2) Contrast and radius have similar relation for AD and AW1, and the relation is possible to cause cross-talk for contrast and radius. This remains under investigation. (3) Changing source intensity can not cause diagnosis error, but changing optical properties of background and adding mammary gland model can cause error. Therefore, how to reduce diagnosis error for above factors is an important problem.
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"Circulating tumor markers in extranodal lymphomas." 2002. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6073511.
Full textAbstract:
Lei Ieng Kit Kenny."April 2002."
Thesis (M.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-118).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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Huang, Hsin-Lin, and 黃信霖. "Tumor Diagnosis for 3-D Power Doppler Breast Ultrasound." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79694800298366897517.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
資訊工程學研究所
98
Since the Doppler ultrasound (US) is successfully applied for detecting the blood flow, the studies of tumor vascularity have played important roles to diagnose diseases of breast recently. The tumor vascularity is critical for growth, invasion, and metastasis. In general, malignant tumors need more complex blood vessels to obtain sufficient nutrients for growing. In the past, researches about vascularity just count the number of vascular pixel or voxel to analyze the malignancy of tumor. However, the morphology characteristic can be employed to provide more important diagnosis information. In this paper, we demonstrate a computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) system for three-dimensional (3-D) power Doppler breast US image that can quantify vascular morphology in a region within the fixed distance inside and outside the tumor. At first, the tumor is segmented by a 3-D level set method and the 3-D distance map could be computed based on the segmented tumor contour. After the skeleton of blood vessels is extracted by using a 3-D thinning algorithm, the morphological features can be calculated for the vessels in the band at the fixed distance to the tumor contour based on the 3-D distance map. Finally, the extracted vascular features are used for the binary logistic regression model to classify the malignancy of the tumor. In our experiments, 119 lesions containing 66 benign tumors and 53 malignant tumors, are used to test the accuracy of our proposed computer-aided system. From the experimental results, we could find that the proposed method has better performance than the conventional method. Moreover, the proposed method could achieve a high performance with the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Az value being 84.03% (100/119), 84.91% (45/53), and 83.33% (55/66), 0.9104 respectively.