Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tuberculosis Sex factors Nepal

Academic literature on the topic 'Tuberculosis Sex factors Nepal'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Tuberculosis Sex factors Nepal"

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Pandey, G., S. Dhakal, A. Sadaula, G. KC, S. Subedi, KR Pandey, and IP Dhakal. "Status of tuberculosis in bovine animals raised by tuberculosis infected patients in Western Chitwan, Nepal." International Journal of Infection and Microbiology 1, no. 2 (January 20, 2013): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v1i2.7407.

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INTRODUCTION: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an important public health concern worldwide. This study was conducted to determine the status of bTB in animals raised by tuberculosis patients in Western Chitwan, Nepal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted from August, 2011 to January, 2012. A total of 100 bovines (cattle and buffalo) raised in 60 farms of tuberculosis patients were tested with single intradermal tuberculin test considering various animal factors. Well designed questionnaire survey was taken with 70 tuberculosis patients of same 60 families focusing knowledge, awareness and various practices related to bovine tuberculosis. RESULTS: Overall 15% bovines were positive for tuberculosis (13.6% cattle and 15.4% buffaloes). Age of animal was significantly associated with tuberculosis (p<0.05) while sex and species were not. 24% tuberculosis patients had raw milk consuming habit while very few of them (9%) were aware of zoonotic aspect of bovine tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS: There is high chance of tuberculosis transmission form animals to humans or vice versa. Further detailed study is needed in large scale with stronger intersectoral collaboration of medical and veterinary health sector to determine the scale of problem and find out prevention and control strategies against zoonotic tuberculosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v1i2.7407 Int J Infect Microbiol 2012;1(1):49-53
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Bichha, R. P., K. K. Jha, V. S. Salhotra, A. P. Weerakoon, K. B. Karki, and Navneet Bichha. "An Epidemiological Study to Find out Risk Factors of Multi Drugs Resistance Tuberculosis in Nepal." SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS 14, no. 2 (March 13, 2018): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v14i2.19335.

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Introduction: Drug resistant tuberculosis is a threat to tuberculosis control worldwide. Previous anti- tuberculosis treatment is a widely reported risk factor for multi drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), whereas other risk factors are less well described. In Nepal National Tuberculosis Control Programme initiated DOTSPLUS Pilot project from September 2005 using standardized treatment regimen.Objective: To explore the risk factors for MDR-TB in Nepal.Methodology: Institution based matched case control study with a case: control ratio of 1:2 was carried out in three regions of Nepal. Fifty five cases and 110 controls were selected. Current MDR-TB patients on treatment from DOTS–Plus clinic were enrolled as cases. Controls were age, sex matched cured TB patients and who had completed treatment either from the same centre or any DOTS Centre adjacent to that DOTS Plus Centre. Data was collected by a trained research assistant using interviewer administered structured questionnaire. Matched analysis was done using SPSS 16 version. Confounding effects were controlled by using matching, matched analysis and regression analysis.Results: In matched analysis following were the significant risk factors for MDR-TB in Nepal.(1) HIV Sero positivity (OR 15.9, CI 1.9- 133.0) (2) Travel cost more than 50 NRs per day (OR 6.5, CI 2.4- 9.8) (3) Contact history of TB (OR 3.8, CI 2.2- 6.6) (4) Living in a nuclear family (OR 6.0, CI 2.6- 13.9)(5) Non adherence to DOTS (OR 18.6, CI 2.27- 151.0) (6) Distance to treatment centre more than 5 Km ( OR 3.9, CI 1.5- 10.) (7) Previous history of TB ( OR 12.0, CI 5.4 -26.5)(8) Living in a rural area (OR 4, CI 2.1- 8.5) (9) Unmarried (Crude OR 3.3,CI 1.6- 6.8) (10) Un-employment (OR 3.4,CI 1.6-7.6)(11) Living in a rented house (OR 3.5, CI 1.77- 3.67) (12) Single bed room (OR 2.8, CI 1.13- 6.9). Using muti-variate analysis except living in a rented house and single bed room other variables were positive significant predictors for MDR –TB in Nepal.Conclusions: Many risk factors were related to the DOTS. Strengthening of DOTS programme to tackle the identified risk factors can reduce the MDR –TB burden in Nepal.SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2017, Page: 31-38
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Bahadur Nepali, Ram, and Damaru Prasad Paneru. "Compliance to Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS) Chemotherapy among the Patient of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Banke District of Nepal." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences 3, no. 1 (November 24, 2019): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37107/jhas.45.

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Tubercular infection is still a pervasive public health problem in Nepal despite the massive efforts of National Health Service stakeholders. High bacterial infectivity, transmissibility, increasing drug resistance and non compliance to the therapy have been adding up challenges to prevention and control of tuberculosis. This study was conducted to observe the treatment compliance pattern among new pulmonary sputum smear positive cases of tuberculosis. A cross sectional study was carried out in the year 2009. The 114 new smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients registered in the six selected DOTS centres of the Banke Disrtict were randomly selected. Participants were selected from each DOTS centre by probability proportionate sampling methods. Data were analyzed by SPSS (11.0 Version) and P< 0.05 was considered as significant. Overall compliance to DOTS was 86.80 percent; of these, 57.00 percent showed excellent and regular compliance followed by nearly 30 percent good compliance. And 13.20 percent participants were non complaint to DOTS therapy. Positive Family behaviors were positively associated with compliance while alcohol consumption was found to be negatively associated with compliance however; age, sex and income were found to be non significant factors for compliance. Feeling of getting cure even before the course of DOTS therapy (feeling better after 2-3 months regular treatment) and drinking habits were found to be the major causes of non compliance. Supportive family behaviors and avoidance of alcohol consumption may promote the compliance. Excellent treatment compliance in the face of many odds is highly encouraging and the pattern can be useful in treatment despite little non compliances; furthermore compliance can be enhanced by acting on these causes of non compliances. Key words: Pulmonary, Tuberculosis, DOTS, Banke, Nepal
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Tiwari, Bishnu Raj, Prakash Ghimire, Sarala Malla, Bimala Sharma, and Surendra Karki. "Intestinal parasitic infection among the HIV-infected patients in Nepal." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 7, no. 07 (July 15, 2013): 550–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.2785.

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Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infection has been a significant problem in HIV patients, worldwide. In this study, we aimed to measure the prevalence and identify the factors associated with intestinal parasitic infection in people infected with HIV and attending National Public Health Laboratory in Kathmandu, Nepal, for CD4 T-cell count. Methodology: An analytical cross-sectional study in 745 HIV-infected people attending for CD4 T-cell count was conducted. Results: The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was 22.4% (95% CI 19.5 to 25.5). In univariate analysis, age, sex, longer time since diagnosis of HIV, CD4 T-cell count of <200/µL, diarrhoea, marital status, and being under tuberculosis (TB) treatment were significantly associated with increased odds of intestinal parasite infection. However, in the logistic regression model, only the CD4 T-cell count of <200/µL (adjusted OR=4.2, 95% CI 2.5 to 7.0), diarrhoea (adjusted OR=2.8, 95% CI 1.8 to 4.3) and being under TB treatment (adjusted OR=2.9, 95% CI 1.8 to 4.6) remained as significant predictors. On stratification, CD4 T-cell count of <200/ µL was independently associated with higher odds of protozoal as well as helminthes infection. The parasites Cryptosporidium and Cyclospora were observed only in participants with CD4 T-cell counts <200/µL. Conclusions: Both protozoal and helminthic intestinal parasitic infections are common in HIV-infected people seeking care in healthcare facilities. The poor immune status as indicated by low CD4 T-cell count and TB may account for such a high risk of parasitic infection.
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Sapkota, Bishnu. "Sex trafficking in Nepal." Research Nepal Journal of Development Studies 1, no. 1 (October 5, 2018): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/rnjds.v1i1.21271.

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Extreme poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, poor law enforcement, and open border between India and Nepal are major factors for human trafficking. Due to the devastating earthquake that hit Nepal on April 25, 2015, which was followed by more than 400 aftershocks, about 3 million people were victimized. The earthquake victims- women and children, were more vulnerable to trafficking than before. Hence, it is vital to understand human trafficking, its form, factors, effects, and motives. The objective of this paper is to make intellectuals aware of the issue of sex trafficking, problems, and possible solutions in Nepal.Research Nepal Journal of Development Studies Vol.1(1) 2018 28-31
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Marahatta, S. B., J. Kaewkungwal, P. Ramasoota, and P. Singhasivanon. "Risk factors of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis in central Nepal: A pilot study." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 8, no. 4 (June 5, 2012): 392–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v8i4.6238.

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Introduction Tuberculosis is the most widespread infectious disease in Nepal and poses a serious threat to the health and development of the country. Incidences of drug resistant tuberculosis in Nepal are increasing and this tuberculosisis a major threat to successfully controlling tuberculosis . Objective The general objective of the study was to assess the risk factors of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis among the patients attending the National Tuberculosis Centre, Bhaktpur Nepal. Methods An observational study/ case-control study with a Atotal number of 55 multi-drug resistant tuberculosis cases and 55 controls. The study was conducted among the patient attending in the National Tuberculosis Centre , Bhaktpur Nepal for six months, between May–October 2010. sImulti-drug resistant tuberculosis wasThe collected data was analysed in SPSS 11.5 version. The association between categorical variables were analysed by chi-square tests, OR and their 95% CI were measured. Results The total number of patients used for the study was 110, of which among them 55 were cases and 55 were controls . Our study revealed that there were significant associations between history of prior TB MDR-TB OR =2.799 (95 % CI 1.159 to 6.667) (p=0.020); smoking habit OR =2.350 and (95%CI 1.071 to 5.159) (p=0.032); social stigma social stigma OR 2.655 (95%CI r 1.071 to 5.159) (p=0.013); knowledge on MDR-TB OR =9.643 (95% CI 3.339 to 27.846) (p < 0.001)and knowledge on DOTS Plus OR=16.714 (95% CI is ranging from 4.656 to 60.008) (p< 0.001). However, there was no association found between alcohol drinking habits and ventilation in the room. Conclusion Our study revealed that there were significant associations between history of prior tuberculosis, smoking habit social stigma social stigma, knowledge on multi-drug resistant tuberculosis and knowledge on DOTS Plus with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis However there was no association between alcohol drinking habit and ventilation in room with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v8i4.6238 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2010;8(4):392-7
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Adhikari, Nilaramba, Ratna Bahadur Bhattarai, Rajendra Basnet, Lok Raj Joshi, Bhim Singh Tinkari, Anil Thapa, and Basant Joshi. "Prevalence and associated risk factors for tuberculosis among people living with HIV in Nepal." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 28, 2022): e0262720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262720.

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Background Worldwide tuberculosis (TB) takes more lives than any other infectious diseases. WHO estimates around 68,000 incident TB cases in Nepal. However, in 2018 only around 27,232 new TB cases were reported in the national system, resulting around 40,768 incident TB cases missing every year in Nepal. National Tuberculosis Control Center carried out this study in anti-retroviral therapy (ART) sites to estimate the prevalence of TB and identify the associated risk factors for TB among the people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIVs) in Nepal. Methods It was a cross-sectional institution-based study conducted between March and August 2018. Six ART sites with high caseloads of PLHIVs were selected. PLHIVs who were equal or above 18 years of age and were in ART program at the selected study sites were considered eligible for the study. Diagnosis of tuberculosis among PLHIVs who agreed to participate in the study was carried out as per the National Tuberculosis Management Guideline of National Tuberculosis Program of Nepal. Results Among 403 PLHIVs, tuberculosis was diagnosed in 40 (9.9%) individuals. Median age of the participants was 36 (30–43) years. Prevalence of TB was significantly higher among male PLHIVs than female PLHIVs (13.6% Vs 5.8%; P = 0.02) and Dalit ethnic group compared to Brahmin/Chettri (22.0%Vs5.9%, P = 0.01). The risk of developing TB was found significant among those with HIV stage progressed to WHO stage 3 and 4 (OR = 4.85, P<0.001) and with the family history of TB (OR = 4.50, P = 0.002). Conclusions Prevalence of TB among PLHIVs in Nepal was found 9.9%. Risk of developing TB was higher among PLHIVs who were male, Dalit, with HIV stage progressed to WHO stage 3 and 4 and with family history of TB. Hence, targeted interventions are needed to prevent the risk of developing TB among PLHIVs. Similarly, integrated, and comprehensive TB and HIV diagnosis and treatment services are needed for the management of TB/HIV co-infection in Nepal.
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Marahatta, S. B. "Prevalance of Tuberculosis and Risk Factors Assoicated with Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis in Central Nepal." International Journal of Epidemiology 44, suppl_1 (September 23, 2015): i106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyv096.059.

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Amgain, K., Dillee Prasad Paudel, DP Paneru, M. Dhital, and G. Amgain. "Gender Difference on Case Detection of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among the Suspected Cases Attending in Jutpani Primary Health Centre of Chitwan, Nepal." SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS 10, no. 1 (September 15, 2013): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v10i1.8644.

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Introduction: Pulmonary tuberculosis is one of the World’s public health problems particularly in developing countries including Nepal. Every year, thousands of people suffered from active tuberculosis in Nepal; of whom 50 percent have infectious pulmonary tuberculosis. It is more common among men than women, and affects mostly adults of economically productive age. There is scantiness of such information in Nepal. Hence the study was carried out to identify the gender difference on case identifi cation of pulmonary tuberculosis in Chitwan district of Nepal. Methodology: Descriptive cross sectional study was carried out from July to December 2012 in Jutpani Village Development Committee of Chitwan, Nepal. All symptomatic cases attending in Jutpani Primary Health Center with the clinical history pulmonary tuberculosis were included. Microscopic examination of sputum samples of three consecutive days was done for AFB. Results were disseminated in tabular, graphical and narrative form using appropriate statistics. Results: Total 200 suspected cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were included in this study; among them 18 (9%) were found to be AFB positive. Sex ratio of diagnosed patients was 5:4 (male; 55.56% and female; 44.44%). Highest prevalence of TB infection (36.89%) was found in 30-40 years age. Highest number of cases 5 (27.78%) were reported in the ward number four (male female ratio; 3:2). One-third of cases were in July followed by 22.22% in each of the month; August and September. Conclusion: Males were found to be more likely to have pulmonary tuberculosis than females. Gender specifi c case identifi cation and preventive measure targeting to the most productive age group population will eventually supports to reduce the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis. SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases & HIV/AIDS; 2013; X(1); 7-12 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v10i1.8644
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Maharjan, Bijay, Hom Nath Chalise, and Mamta Thapa. "Tuberculosis and Diabetes Mellitus Comorbidity among the Ageing Population: A Threat to the Public Health System of Nepal." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 16, no. 2 (July 5, 2018): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhrc.v16i2.20294.

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Ageing population is attributable to the growing trend of diabetes mellitus. Diabetic patients are three times greater risk of developing tuberculosis. The review aims to describe the state of tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus comorbidity, risk factors for the comorbidity from the perspective of the ageing in Nepal. It is a systematic narrative review of literature in Google Scholar and Pubmed. At first, title and abstract of an article was reviewed for relevance, and then full article was reviewed for validity. The secondary data was retrieved from the Central Bureau of Statistics of Nepal and WHO, and analysed in the Ms-Excel. In Nepal, the population is ageing. The risk factors associated with diabetes are escalating. On the other hand, tuberculosis is endemic and about 45% of the Nepalese people are infected with tuberculosis bacteria. These circumstances have laid the foundation that fosters tuberculosis and diabetes co-epidemic in the future. The clinical management of patients with the comorbid condition is a difficult task because diabetes and tuberculosis interact with each other, one worsening the other. The upsurge of the co-morbidity needs the provision of more health services threatening the public health system of Nepal. It is fundamental to create a mechanism to integrate diabetes and tuberculosis program such as screening, diagnosis and management of the both diseases at the all levels of health service delivery. Furthermore, increase awareness of healthy lifestyle and the prevention of the risk factors for tuberculosis and diabetes could reduce the occurrence of the comorbidity in the future.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tuberculosis Sex factors Nepal"

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Hari, Bahadur Kunwar Boonyong Keiwkarnka. "Factors related patient compliance with "Directly Observed Treatment Short Course" in Pokhara urban Kaski, Nepal /." Abstract, 2005. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2548/cd376/4737958.pdf.

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Thorson, Anna. "Equity and equality : case detection of tuberculosis among women and men in Vietnam /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-628-5689-8/.

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Sah, Rajeeb Kumar. "Positive sexual health : an ethnographic exploration of social and cultural factors affecting sexual lifestyles and relationships of Nepalese young people in the UK." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2017. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/17253/.

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This PhD is an interdisciplinary research project in the field of public health, youth studies, sociology and cultural studies about the sexual lives of 16 young Nepalese aged 16-24 living in London. The research uses ethnography and biography to explore social and cultural factors affecting sexual health and lifestyles of Nepalese young people in the changing world. Sexual health still remains a taboo, which brings struggle for Nepalese young people to negotiate their sexual lives within Nepalese families and community. The current study explores young people’s reflections of their sexual lifestyles and experiences, which is embedded in the sociocultural norms and patterns of the society, and their interactions with families, community and broader social structures. The findings suggest that detailed examinations of the connectedness between agency and social context provide more clear understanding of the everyday sexual lives of young people. The changing lifestyles of Nepalese young people in the western world provide accessibility to the new ways of living in experiencing sexual lives through transforming leisure activities and creating multiple opportunities for sexual intimacies and relationships. The popularity of nightclubbing and changing attitudes towards sexual lifestyles create concerns for sexual health risks and vulnerability as well as conflict within family because of sociocultural dominance towards relationships and marriage. The data suggest that young people negotiate with several challenges, such as caste issues and parental consent, while transforming love relationships into love arranged marriage. It was found that lack of communication on sexual matters within family fuel the issues of trust and promote secret relationships and females are widely discriminated at different levels within Nepalese society. These structural factors along with lack of appropriate sexual health knowledge and education limit expressions of positive sexual lifestyles and relationships among Nepalese young people. Intersectionality in this study is used to investigate key structural influences of sexual health and lifestyles at multiple levels. This research uses grounded theory to develop a tentative social ecological model, adapted from an ecological model, to understand the positive sexual health experiences of Nepalese young people.
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Books on the topic "Tuberculosis Sex factors Nepal"

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Gender, leprosy, and leprosy control: A case study in the Far West and Eastern Development regions, Nepal. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: KIT Publishers, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tuberculosis Sex factors Nepal"

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Dye, Christopher. "Risk and Variation." In The Population Biology of Tuberculosis. Princeton University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691154626.003.0003.

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This chapter examines the factors that affect the risk of exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and the risk of developing tuberculosis. Exposure to infection depends on a wide range of exogenous factors linked to the environment, the pathogen and the structure of the human host population. The purpose of identifying such risk factors is to help explain the distribution and abundance of infection and disease in populations, as well as find ways of mitigating the risks to individuals and populations as a means of TB control. This chapter takes a dynamic view of the causes of TB, where risk factors determine the rates of transition between states of health. It discusses comparative risk assessment, dynamic risk assessment, the use of epidemiological models to help refine questions about risk and etiology, and variation in risk of developing TB with age and sex.
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Conference papers on the topic "Tuberculosis Sex factors Nepal"

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Bliven-Sizemore, Erin, Timothy R. Sterling, Nong Shang, Debra Benator, Kevin Schwartzman, Randall Reves, Jan Drobeniuc, Philip Spradling, and Elsa Villarino. "Hepatitis C Virus Infection And Female Sex Are Risk Factors For Treatment Limiting Hepatotoxicity In A Large Clinical Trial Of Treatment Of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Results Of A Nested Case-Control Study." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a4041.

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Reports on the topic "Tuberculosis Sex factors Nepal"

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Puri, Mahesh, and Anand Tamang. Understanding factors influencing adverse sex ratios at birth and exploring what works to achieve balance: The situation in selected districts of Nepal. Population Council, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy9.1084.

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