Journal articles on the topic 'Tuberculosis Patients Nepal'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Tuberculosis Patients Nepal.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Tuberculosis Patients Nepal.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Regmi, S., B. Shrestha, and A. Katuwal. "First line anti-tubercular drug resistance among patients visiting German Nepal Tuberculosis Project, Nepal." International Journal of Infection and Microbiology 2, no. 2 (July 20, 2013): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i2.8321.
Full textAbstract:
INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis is one of the commonest causes of death in the world. It remains a major public health problem in developing countries including Nepal. Despite the reduction in incidence of tuberculosis by the implementation of anti-tuberculosis drugs regimen, TB remains pandemic due to emergence of drug resistant strain of M. tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the first line anti-tubercular drug resistance among patients visiting German Nepal Tuberculosis Project, Nepal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anti-tubercular drug susceptibility test for first line drugs (Rifampicin, Isonizid, Ethambutol, and Streptomycin) was performed by proportion method (n=141) for new sputum smear positive patients attending German Nepal Tuberculosis Project, Kathmandu, Nepal. RESULTS: 78.1% (n=110.) were sensitive to all 4 drugs. Eight isolates (5.6%), 4(2.8%), 10(7.1%) and 31(21.9%) were resistant to any 4, 3, 2 and 1 drug respectively. Proportion of drug resistant (PDR) to one drug was 12.6%, two drugs 7.6%, three drugs (6.3%) and four drugs was 5.6%. Our result indicates the PDR to the first line drug was 21.9% and multidrug resistant (MDR) was 12 (8.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Drugs resistant cases of tuberculosis in increasing. Surveillance and monitoring of the drug resistant tuberculosis is necessary to prevent emergence of MDR, extensively drug resistant and so-called totally drug resistant tuberculosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i2.8321 Int J Infect Microbiol 2013;2(2):45-48
2
Adhikari, Nilaramba, Ratna Bhattarai, Rajendra Basnet, Bhim Singh Tinkari, Badri Nath Gyawali, and Lok Raj Joshi. "Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection among Tuberculosis Patients in Nepal." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 17, no. 01 (April 28, 2019): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v17i01.1768.
Full textAbstract:
Background: National Tuberculosis Program has envisioned to provide human immunodeficiency virus testing for all tuberculosis patients. However, human immunodeficiency virus testing coverage among notified tuberculosis patients is very low in Nepal. Hence, it is difficult to reflect the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection among Tuberculosis patients based on the information available from the routine system. Hence National Tuberculosis Program carried out sentinel surveillance to assess the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection among tuberculosis patients and its associated factors in Nepal.Methods: This study is cross-sectional study type conducted at six sentinel sites across the country. This study lasted for six months starting from March 2017 to August 2017. The sample size was calculated using Epiinfo STATCAL application assuming confidence interval at 95%, 85% power and 5% non-response rate. The required sample size was 1672 tuberculosis patients. Ethical approval was obtained from Nepal Health Research Council. All types of tuberculosis patients who were equal or above 15 years were included in the study. Human immunodeficiency viruse testing was performed among tuberculosis patients as per the testing algorithm recommended by national guideline.Results: The study was carried out among 1664 tuberculosis patients registered for tuberculosis treatment during the study period. More than two thirds of tuberculosis patients (67%) were male. The median age of tuberculosis patients was found 32 years. During human immunodeficiency virus testing, 41 out of 1664 tuberculosis patients were found human immunodeficiency virus positive resulting human immunodeficiency virus infection seroprevalence among tuberculosis patients to 2.5%. Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection was significantly associated with age (P=0.002), caste/ethnicity (P=0.025), religion (P=0.015) and occupation (P=0.014) of tuberculosis patients.Conclusions: Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection among tuberculosis patients was found 2.5%. Information and access to tuberculosis/human immunodeficiency virus services needs to be increased toaddress tuberculosis-human immunodeficiency virus co-infection in Nepal.Keywords: HIV; prevalence; TB; TB-HIV coinfection.
3
Marahatta, S. B., J. Kaewkungwal, P. Ramasoota, and P. Singhasivanon. "Risk factors of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis in central Nepal: A pilot study." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 8, no. 4 (June 5, 2012): 392–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v8i4.6238.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction Tuberculosis is the most widespread infectious disease in Nepal and poses a serious threat to the health and development of the country. Incidences of drug resistant tuberculosis in Nepal are increasing and this tuberculosisis a major threat to successfully controlling tuberculosis . Objective The general objective of the study was to assess the risk factors of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis among the patients attending the National Tuberculosis Centre, Bhaktpur Nepal. Methods An observational study/ case-control study with a Atotal number of 55 multi-drug resistant tuberculosis cases and 55 controls. The study was conducted among the patient attending in the National Tuberculosis Centre , Bhaktpur Nepal for six months, between May–October 2010. sImulti-drug resistant tuberculosis wasThe collected data was analysed in SPSS 11.5 version. The association between categorical variables were analysed by chi-square tests, OR and their 95% CI were measured. Results The total number of patients used for the study was 110, of which among them 55 were cases and 55 were controls . Our study revealed that there were significant associations between history of prior TB MDR-TB OR =2.799 (95 % CI 1.159 to 6.667) (p=0.020); smoking habit OR =2.350 and (95%CI 1.071 to 5.159) (p=0.032); social stigma social stigma OR 2.655 (95%CI r 1.071 to 5.159) (p=0.013); knowledge on MDR-TB OR =9.643 (95% CI 3.339 to 27.846) (p < 0.001)and knowledge on DOTS Plus OR=16.714 (95% CI is ranging from 4.656 to 60.008) (p< 0.001). However, there was no association found between alcohol drinking habits and ventilation in the room. Conclusion Our study revealed that there were significant associations between history of prior tuberculosis, smoking habit social stigma social stigma, knowledge on multi-drug resistant tuberculosis and knowledge on DOTS Plus with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis However there was no association between alcohol drinking habit and ventilation in room with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v8i4.6238 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2010;8(4):392-7
4
Agarwal, Neha, Prajowl Shrestha, and Ramesh Chokhani. "Allergic BronchoPulmonary Aspergillosis in Nepal." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 52, no. 196 (December 31, 2014): 1020–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.2806.
Full textAbstract:
Allergic BronchoPulmonary Aspergillosis is clinically under recognized and often misdiagnosed in Nepal. A total of 15 cases of ABPA were enrolled in this case series. Cases were followed up after the 3 months of start of treatment and clinical responses were assessed. The mean age of the patients was 33.06 ± 9.2 yrs. 80% were male. 26.6% patients were empirically on antitubercular treatment at the time of presentation. 40% patients were misdiagnosed and already treated as pulmonary Tuberculosis. 10 patients were previously treated as cases of refractory asthma. Majority of patients had significant eosinophillia and raised total serum IgE. All patients required treatment with bronchodilator and systemic steroid. 80% patients underwent remission with the treatment. Pulmonary Tuberculosis and refractory bronchial asthma are common condition that leads to the misdiagnosis of this disease.
Keywords: ABPA; bronchial asthma; central bronchiectasis; eosinophil count; serum IgE.
5
Shrestha, S., GB Pradhan, K. Bhoomi, BL Shrestha, and CL Bhattachan. "Abdominal Tuberculosis in Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu." SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS 5, no. 1 (May 7, 2010): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v5i1.3083.
Full textAbstract:
Abdominal Tuberculosis is a common extra pulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis. The wide spectrum of presentation makes abdominal tuberculosis difficult to diagnose and treat. Retrospective review of cases with abdominal tuberculosis presenting to the Surgery Department of Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital from January 2002- June 2007 was done to describe our experience of abdominal tuberculosis over a 5 year period. We found total 32 patients with abdominal tuberculosis, among which 13 had concurrent pulmonary tuberculosis. The most common clinical presentation, i.e. a triad of abdominal pain, fever and weight loss was present in 13 who had symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis presented to physicians and the remaining 19 presented acutely to surgeons with symptoms of pain and obstruction. Chest X ray, abdominal ultrasound and barium meal follow through done to find associated abnormalities. Diagnostic Laparoscopy was performed in 10 and 3 patients with peritonitis underwent emergency laparotomy which revealed multiple ileal perforations in 2 cases and one had multiple strictures with small bowel perforation. Diagnosis of tuberculosis, attended at surgeons was confirmed by demonstrating caseating granulomas in histology and Acid Fast Bacilli Positive, culture for M. tuberculosis from peritoneal fluid. All patients were started anti tuberculosis treatment. Abdominal tuberculosis is a relatively common finding and should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain, fever and weight loss. Key Words: Tuberculosis; abdominal tuberculosis; Acid Fast Bacilli; ileocaecal disease DOI: 10.3126/saarctb.v5i1.3083 SAARC J. Tuber. Lung Dis. HIV/AIDS 2008 Vol.5(1) 39-42
6
Bhatta, Subash, D. N. Shah, Meenu Choudhary, Ajit Thakur, and Nayana Pant. "Ocular manifestations in tuberculosis cases with HIV in Nepal." Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v11i2.27817.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: TB has seen resurgence associated with HIV. Tuberculosis can affect any ocular tissue. The association of HIV with TB is supposed to increase the incidence and plethora of ocular manifestations in tuberculosis.
Objectives: To study the various ocular manifestations seen in tuberculosis patients with associated HIV infection.
Material and Methods: This hospital based, cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in Tribhuvan University, Teaching Hospital, Maharajgunj, Nepal and Geta Eye Hospital, Kailali from 2010 to 2015. Diagnosed cases of pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis with HIV co infection were evaluated for ocular manifestations after excluding other opportunistic infections.
Results: Of 70 cases eligible for the study, extra pulmonary tuberculosis was seen in60% of the cases. 5 patients (7.1 %) had ocular manifestations. CD4 counts were <50/mm3 in 3 cases. Ocular involvement was seen in the form of choroidal granulomas, papillitis, cranial nerve palsy, retinal vasculitis and central serous chorioretinopathy.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that ocular involvement is a frequent finding in cases with tuberculosis and HIV. Ocular findings are more common in cases with lesser CD4 counts. As ocular tuberculosis can be visually devastating, we recommend regular ocular evaluation of all patients with HIV and systemic tuberculosis.
7
Amgain, Kapil, and Mahendra Maharjan. "Prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Jutpani VDC, Chitwan, Nepal." Nepalese Journal of Zoology 3, no. 1 (November 25, 2015): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njz.v3i1.30858.
Full textAbstract:
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major public health problems in the developing countries like Nepal. The present study was carried out in Jutpani VDC of Chitwan Nepal from July to December 2012 with the objective to determine the situation of Tuberculosis in Jutpani VDC, Chitwan. During the study period, a total of 600 sputum samples from 200 TB suspected patients were collected and examined in the Laboratory of Jutpani Primary Health Center (PHC). Diagnosis was made after staining the sputum smear by Z-N staining method and examined under light microscope. Out of 200 TB suspected patients, 18(9%) were found to be AFB positive. Among patients diagnosed as having pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB), males (55.56%) were found to be infected more than females (44.44%) which was found to be statistically insignificant (Χ2cal. = 0.4524, P<0.01). Highest prevalence of TB infection (36.89%) was found to be in the age group of 30-40 years. A questionnaire survey of 57 Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) patients was done to assess their knowledge, attitude and preventive practices for TB. Out of 57 PTB patients interviewed, majority of the patients had positive attitude but the knowledge regarding cause, transmission, prevention of the tuberculosis was not adequate.
8
Dhakal, Amrita, Samata Nepal, Alok Atreya, and Basista Rijal. "Baseline Study of Sputum Microscopy for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Western Region of Nepal." Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital 17, no. 2 (July 25, 2018): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v17i2.20343.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Tuberculosis is a major health issue in Nepal. Early detection of tuberculosis is essential to identify the case which limits the transmission of tuberculosis and builds an effective approach of tuberculosis control policy. Therefore, the present study is aimed to assess the case of tuberculosis by sputum smear examination.Methods: A prospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital of Western Nepal. Two sputum samples were collected from each suspect – spot specimen on the first day and one early morning specimen on the second day. The standard protocol of Ziehl Neelsen stain was applied to detect the acid fast bacilli.Results: Out of 280 smears from suspected patients, only 30 showed smear positivity (10.7%). Among the total identified positive case of tuberculosis (30/280), the highest rate was observed in the age group of 56-65 years. Males (56.7%) were highly affected by tuberculosis than females (43.3%). The minimum age of the suspects was two years and maximum age was of 105 years with mean age of 53.6 years.Conclusions: It is concluded that prevalence of tuberculosis is high in patients attending tertiary care hospital in Western region of Nepal, which is slightly higher than the annual report of National Tuberculosis Program 2017. Incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis is higher in males as compared to females.
9
Paudel, M. S., Anjana Kafle, Bishal Khatri Chhetri, Sahadev Prasad Dhungana, Anuj Poudel, and Shamsuddhin . "Characteristics of Patients with Tuberculous Pleural Effusion in Rural Nepal." Journal of Lumbini Medical College 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2013): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22502/jlmc.v1i1.10.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries. TubercularPleural effusion is the second most common form of extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), superseded in Prevalence only by lymph node tuberculosis. Pleural effusion occurs in approximately 5% of patients with TB. The purpose of this study was to assess the demographic characteristics of patients presenting with pleural effusion in rural Nepal.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with all the cases diagnosed and admitted with pleural effusion at Lumbini Medical College And Teaching Hospital from April 2011 to March 2013 of all the cases diagnosed andadmitted with pleural effusion were included in the study. Hundred cases diagnosed with pleural effusion by clinical Examination or chest X-ray or ultrasonography’s (USG) of the chest were included in the studied. The following parameters patients demographic profile, causes of pleural effusion, location (unilateral/bilateral), hemoglobin and complete blood count, sputum stain and culture sensitivity, Monteux test, chest X-ray and USG findings and Pleural fluid analysis (biochemical, hematological, microbiological and cytological) were analyzed by using SPSS 21.
Results: Out of 100 cases, the cause of pleural effusion in 59 patients was tuberculosis, 14 by malignancy, next 14 by Para pneumonic Effusion, 12 by congestive cardiac failure and three cases by alcoholic liver disease. Patients with tuberculous pleural effusion were younger, predominantly males, had unilateral effusion, lower blood hemoglobin, lower Pleural fluid neutrophils, higher pleural fluid Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) levels and higher level of pleural fluid to serum protein ratio as compared to the patients with non-tuberculous effusion.
Conclusion: Tuberculosis is the most common cause of pleural effusion in patients of rural Nepal.
10
Sah, S. K., S. C. Verma, R. Bhattarai, K. Bhandari, and G. K. Bhatta. "Surveillance of HIV Infection among Patients with Tuberculosis in Nepal." SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS 12, no. 1 (October 19, 2016): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v12i1.15939.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Tuberculosis is one of the most prevalent infectious disease and significant public health problem in Nepal. The importance of HIV surveillance among tuberculosis (TB) patients is increasingly being recognized as the HIV epidemic continues to fuel the global TB epidemic. In many countries the HIV prevalence in TB patients is a sensitive indicator of the spread of HIV into the general population. The aim of this study is to find out the HIV epidemic among TB patients.Methodology: This was a periodic sentinel survey, i.e. cross-sectional HIV Sero-prevalence survey of all newly registered TB cases above 15 year old to provide point estimate. This survey was carried out in six major diagnostic centres of tuberculosis of Nepal from July 2012 to February 2013. The calculated sample size for the surveillance study was 1000. The findings were processed/analyzed using SPSS (version 16) computer software. Descriptive statistics was used to observe the pattern in each variable.Results: The study revealed that four-fifth (80.9%) TB patients investigated were pulmonary positive and one-fifth (19.1%) extra pulmonary. Prevalence of HIV among tested TB patients was 2.4% and prevalence was comparatively more (2.8%) in Male than Female (1.4%). Sentinel site wise prevalence of HIV was higher (6.7%) in United Mission to Nepal (UMN), Palpa followed by 3.1%, 2.9% and 2.7% in District Public Health Office (DPHO), Kanchanpur, International Nepal Fellowship (INF), Nepalgunj and Regional tuberculosis Centre (RTC), Pokhara respectively. Comparatively prevalence was low (1.3%) in National Tuberculosis Centre (NTC), Thimi and not a single case of HIV among tested TB patients was found in Nepal Anti-TB Association (NATA), Biratnagar. Significant proportion (7.8%) of HIV prevalence was found in the age group of 35-39 years followed by 4.6%, 3.6% and 2.8% among the age group of 40-44 years, 50-54 years and 30-34 years age group respectively.Conclusion: Among all TB/HIV co-infected, significant proportion is found in 35-39 years and lowest in 20-24 age groups. Therefore, it is important to implement targeted interventions in the age group between 30-55 years age group. Provider Initiated Testing and Counseling (PITC) in TB clinical setting plays important role to enroll more TB patients for HIV test.SAARC J TUBER LUNG DIS HIV/AIDS, 2015; 12(1), Page: 25-30
11
Pradhan, Ravi R. "Tuberculosis in patients with chronic kidney disease: atypical presentation and diagnostic dilemma." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v8i3.23742.
Full textAbstract:
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious public health problem, and more common in developing countries like Nepal. Worldwide, it is the second most frequent cause of death from infectious disease. Patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) under maintenance dialysis are more likely to develop TB compared to general population. Given the increasing prevalence of CKD in TB endemic areas, a merging of CKD and TB epidemics could have significant public health implications, especially in low- to middle-income countries like Nepal. Because of increased frequency of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in patient with CKD, the clinical presentation is atypical and leads to diagnostic dilemma.
12
Maharjan, Bijay, Hom Nath Chalise, and Mamta Thapa. "Tuberculosis and Diabetes Mellitus Comorbidity among the Ageing Population: A Threat to the Public Health System of Nepal." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 16, no. 2 (July 5, 2018): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhrc.v16i2.20294.
Full textAbstract:
Ageing population is attributable to the growing trend of diabetes mellitus. Diabetic patients are three times greater risk of developing tuberculosis. The review aims to describe the state of tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus comorbidity, risk factors for the comorbidity from the perspective of the ageing in Nepal. It is a systematic narrative review of literature in Google Scholar and Pubmed. At first, title and abstract of an article was reviewed for relevance, and then full article was reviewed for validity. The secondary data was retrieved from the Central Bureau of Statistics of Nepal and WHO, and analysed in the Ms-Excel. In Nepal, the population is ageing. The risk factors associated with diabetes are escalating. On the other hand, tuberculosis is endemic and about 45% of the Nepalese people are infected with tuberculosis bacteria. These circumstances have laid the foundation that fosters tuberculosis and diabetes co-epidemic in the future. The clinical management of patients with the comorbid condition is a difficult task because diabetes and tuberculosis interact with each other, one worsening the other. The upsurge of the co-morbidity needs the provision of more health services threatening the public health system of Nepal. It is fundamental to create a mechanism to integrate diabetes and tuberculosis program such as screening, diagnosis and management of the both diseases at the all levels of health service delivery. Furthermore, increase awareness of healthy lifestyle and the prevention of the risk factors for tuberculosis and diabetes could reduce the occurrence of the comorbidity in the future.
13
Mathur, M., and SN Pandey. "Clinicohistological Profile of Cutaneous Tuberculosis in Central Nepal." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 12, no. 4 (October 19, 2015): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v12i4.13727.
Full textAbstract:
Background There are few studies on cutaneous tuberculosis in Nepal.Objective To analyse the epidemiological, clinical and histological patterns of cutaneous TB over the past 5 years.Method Patients with cutaneous tuberculosis diagnosed from January 2010 to December 2014 at College of Medical Sciences, Chitwan, Nepal were included in the study. Chest radiography, routine investigations and screening for HIV was performed in all cases.Result A total of 47 clinical cases of cutaneous tuberculosis were diagnosed. The most commonly affected age group was 41-50 years. Male to female ratio was 1.5:1. Duration of cutaneous tuberculosis ranged from 1 month to 33 years. Lupus vulgaris was the most common clinical type (64%), followed by tuberculosis verrucosa cutis (19%). Two cases (4%) were diagnosed as papulonecrotic tuberculid. Overall, the most common site of involvement was extremities (55%) followed by head and neck, trunk, and perianal region. Histopathologic features of epitheloid cell granuloma with Langhans type giant cells were seen in 89% of cases, and in remaining 11% cases, chronic inflammatory dermatitis and nonspecific chronic dermatitis were observed.Conclusion M Tuberculosis is endemic in Nepal and the incidence of cutaneous tuberculosis at our centre was 0.1%. Lupus vulgaris was the most common type followed by tuberculosis verrucosa cutis in our study. Cutaneous tuberculosis can be accompanied by tuberculosis in internal organs and hence should be looked for. Clinicopathologic correlation is necessary to make a proper diagnosis.Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.12(4) 2014; 238-241
14
Pandey, G., S. Dhakal, A. Sadaula, G. KC, S. Subedi, KR Pandey, and IP Dhakal. "Status of tuberculosis in bovine animals raised by tuberculosis infected patients in Western Chitwan, Nepal." International Journal of Infection and Microbiology 1, no. 2 (January 20, 2013): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v1i2.7407.
Full textAbstract:
INTRODUCTION: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an important public health concern worldwide. This study was conducted to determine the status of bTB in animals raised by tuberculosis patients in Western Chitwan, Nepal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted from August, 2011 to January, 2012. A total of 100 bovines (cattle and buffalo) raised in 60 farms of tuberculosis patients were tested with single intradermal tuberculin test considering various animal factors. Well designed questionnaire survey was taken with 70 tuberculosis patients of same 60 families focusing knowledge, awareness and various practices related to bovine tuberculosis. RESULTS: Overall 15% bovines were positive for tuberculosis (13.6% cattle and 15.4% buffaloes). Age of animal was significantly associated with tuberculosis (p<0.05) while sex and species were not. 24% tuberculosis patients had raw milk consuming habit while very few of them (9%) were aware of zoonotic aspect of bovine tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS: There is high chance of tuberculosis transmission form animals to humans or vice versa. Further detailed study is needed in large scale with stronger intersectoral collaboration of medical and veterinary health sector to determine the scale of problem and find out prevention and control strategies against zoonotic tuberculosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v1i2.7407 Int J Infect Microbiol 2012;1(1):49-53
15
Kharel, R. K., R. Sultana, R. P. Bichaa, R. P. Pant, A. P. Weerakoon, and K. B. Karki. "The Prevalence and Determinants of Active Tuberculosis among Diabetes Patients in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Nepal 2018." SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS 17, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v17i2.49111.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Researches implicated diabetes as independent risk factor for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis and unfavorable outcome of treatment. There is no data to address the association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and tuberculosis (TB) in Nepal. Thus we assessed the burden and demographics of active tuberculosis among diabetic patients attending tertiary care hospitals in Nepal.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in adult DM patients attending seven tertiary care hospitals representing five development region of the country. Relevant data were collected and participants were screened for active TB (symptom screening and microbiological diagnosis).
Results: Among the 520 enrolled DM patients screened, 23 had active TB. The prevalence was 4.42% (CI 2.96 - 6.54). The positive cases had older age group with the mean age of 59.73 ± 17.36 years with male predominance of 78% (18/23). Among the 23 positive cases, only two (8.69 %) had extra pulmonary TB. Diabetic control had significant (p=0.006) relationship to develop Tuberculosis. The comorbid conditions e.g., Hypertension (OR 13, 95% CI: 4.54 to 37.14); diabetic nephritis (OR 9.25, 95% CI: 2.03 to 42.20); and Diabetic neuropathy (OR 26.66, 95% CI: 5.16 to 137.71) are significant risk factors to develop tuberculosis among the diabetes patients. There were no significant differences in occupation, literacy rate, tobacco or alcohol consumption, HbA1c levels between TB and non-TB participants.
Conclusion: The prevalence of tuberculosis among diabetic patients is low in Nepal. This is the result of tertiary care hospital outdoor patients only, thus representativeness was compromised. Thus to assess the magnitude of comorbidities, mandatory screening in all level were recommended.
16
Singh, Sudeep, D. Dhakal, S. Subba, A. R. Khagi, B. Lekhak, A. Singh, K. B. Shrestha, and A. Bajracharya. "Isolation and Identification of Etiological Agent of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Patients Visiting National Tuberculosis Centre, Thimi Bhaktapur." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 5, no. 2 (December 26, 2009): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhrc.v5i2.2472.
Full text
17
Shrestha, Prakash, Hemanta Khanal, Prasanna Dahal, and Pranita Dongol. "Programmatic Impact of Implementing GeneXpert MTB/ RIF Assay for the Detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Respiratory Specimens from Pulmonary Tuberculosis Suspected Patients in Resource Limited Laboratory Settings of Eastern Nepal." Open Microbiology Journal 12, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874285801812010009.
Full textAbstract:
Background:In Nepal, introduction of GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay (Xpert assay) as an initial confirmation test for tuberculosis (TB) has been considered to have impact as a significant decrease in number of clinically diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases than previous years. This study aims to find out the distribution profile of suspected tuberculosis cases according to patients age, gender, treatment history and HIV status as well as to evaluate the utility of the Xpert assay over conventional acid-fast bacilli (AFB) staining method for the proper diagnosis ofM. Tuberculosisin respiratory specimens from the tuberculosis (TB) suspected patient samples.Methods:The prospective cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in National Anti-Tuberculosis Center (NATA) center- Biratnagar and Primary Healthcare Center (PHC) - Manglabare, Morang District, of eastern Nepal from January 2014 to August 2014. Laboratory investigation was done by conventional AFB staining followed by Xpert assay.Results:A total of 1549 sputum samples were initially analyzed. AFB staining resulted in 1441 AFB smear negative samples and 88 AFB smear positive samples, whereas 20 samples were directly processed for Xpert assay. The male: female smear positive ratio was 2.8:1 and was higher among age groups (21-40) years. Tuberculosis among HIV patients was found 22.22%. Xpert assay demonstrates that out of 1441 smear negative AFB cases, 258 were found to have TB positive, whereas out of 88 smears positive AFB cases 12 were found to have TB negative. The sensitivity of the Xpert assay in patients classified as AFB smear positive was found 85.4% and the specificity in smear negative patients was 81%.Conclusion:The study concluded that implementation of Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay is a helpful tool for early and rapid detection of tuberculosis with greater sensitivity and specificity over traditional AFB staining techniques.
18
Adhikari, N., R. Bhattarai, R. Basnet, and L. R. Joshi. "Tuberculosis infection control measures at health facilities providing tuberculosis services in Nepal." SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS 16, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v16i2.23338.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Globally there were an estimated 10.6 million new tuberculosis patients and 1.7 million deaths from TB in 2016. There is an evidence of tuberculosis transmission at health care settings where health care workers and patients come in contact with people having tuberculosis. This study aims to explore infection control measures at health facilities in terms of administrative, environmental and personal protective measures needed for infection control.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out at 79 health facilities across the country. The study continued for three months starting from January 2018 to March 2018. Trained enumerators from health sciences background collected the information using semi-structured questionnaire. Written consent was obtained prior interview.
Results: All the selected health facilities participated in the study. Around 44% of health facilities have infection prevention plan, but very few of them have budgeted for tuberculosis infection control activities. Less than one third of health facilities (24 out of 79 HFs) have provision to separate presumptive tuberculosis patients, however, only 50% (12 HFs) have turned such provision into action. Only 15 HFs (38%) out of 40 HFs having N95 or FPP2 mask for health workers. Around half of the HFs (44%, 35 out of 79) was found to have cross ventilation.
Conclusion: Tuberculosis infection plan needs to be developed and implemented by all the health facilities to strengthen administrative, managerial, and environmental and person protective measures of inaction control to minimize the risk of TB transmission at health facilities.
19
Amgain, K., Dillee Prasad Paudel, DP Paneru, M. Dhital, and G. Amgain. "Gender Difference on Case Detection of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among the Suspected Cases Attending in Jutpani Primary Health Centre of Chitwan, Nepal." SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS 10, no. 1 (September 15, 2013): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v10i1.8644.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Pulmonary tuberculosis is one of the World’s public health problems particularly in developing countries including Nepal. Every year, thousands of people suffered from active tuberculosis in Nepal; of whom 50 percent have infectious pulmonary tuberculosis. It is more common among men than women, and affects mostly adults of economically productive age. There is scantiness of such information in Nepal. Hence the study was carried out to identify the gender difference on case identifi cation of pulmonary tuberculosis in Chitwan district of Nepal. Methodology: Descriptive cross sectional study was carried out from July to December 2012 in Jutpani Village Development Committee of Chitwan, Nepal. All symptomatic cases attending in Jutpani Primary Health Center with the clinical history pulmonary tuberculosis were included. Microscopic examination of sputum samples of three consecutive days was done for AFB. Results were disseminated in tabular, graphical and narrative form using appropriate statistics. Results: Total 200 suspected cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were included in this study; among them 18 (9%) were found to be AFB positive. Sex ratio of diagnosed patients was 5:4 (male; 55.56% and female; 44.44%). Highest prevalence of TB infection (36.89%) was found in 30-40 years age. Highest number of cases 5 (27.78%) were reported in the ward number four (male female ratio; 3:2). One-third of cases were in July followed by 22.22% in each of the month; August and September. Conclusion: Males were found to be more likely to have pulmonary tuberculosis than females. Gender specifi c case identifi cation and preventive measure targeting to the most productive age group population will eventually supports to reduce the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis. SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases & HIV/AIDS; 2013; X(1); 7-12 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v10i1.8644
20
Gautam, Nirmal, Rewati Raj Karki, and Rasheda Khanam. "Knowledge on tuberculosis and utilization of DOTS service by tuberculosis patients in Lalitpur District, Nepal." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): e0245686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245686.
Full textAbstract:
Background Tuberculosis is one of the major infectious diseases and is both complex and serious. It is spread from person to person through the air, causing a public health burden, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study aims to assess the knowledge on tuberculosis and the utilization of Directly-Observed Therapy, Short Course (DOTS) service from the public DOTS centers in Lalitpur district of Nepal. Method A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 23 DOTS centers in Lalitpur district. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was applied to assess the knowledge on tuberculosis and utilization of DOTS among people living with tuberculosis. Results Among 390 respondents, 80% of patients had knowledge of tuberculosis and 76.92% utilized the DOTS service from the DOTS center. People of higher age (50–60 years) [aOR; 13.96, 95% CI 4.79,40.68], [aOR; 10.84,95% CI 4.09,28.76] had significantly more knowledge on TB and utilization of the DOTS service compared to the younger group. Additionally, those who completed twelfth class [aOR; 2.25, 95% CI 0.46,11.07] and [aOR;2.47, 95% CI 0.51,11.28] had greater knowledge of Tuberculosis and utilization of DOTS compared to those who had not completed twelfth class. Likewise, compared to urban residents, respondents in rural areas (aOR; 0.51, 95% CI 0.27,0.97) had less knowledge of tuberculosis, (aOR; 0.57, 95% CI 0.32,1) and less chance of utilization of the DOTS service from the DOTS center. Conclusion Approximately one quarter of patients did not have adequate knowledge of tuberculosis and were not utilizing the DOTS service, particularly in younger age groups, people living in a combined family, with no education, poor economic position, and from rural areas. Findings of this study revealed that some specific programs are needed for enhancing the knowledge and utilization of DOTS, particularly for those patients whose economic situations extended from low to mid range.
21
Adhikari, Nilaramba, L. R. Joshi, B. Subedi, D. Acharya, M. Adhikari, P. Thapa, R. Sultana, and K. B. Karki. "Tuberculosis in Nepal: Situation, Challenges and Ways Forward." SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS 17, no. 1 (July 26, 2019): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v17i1.25026.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Globally, tuberculosis is a major public health problem. Moreover, the emergence of drug resistant forms of TB has threatened TB prevention and treatment efforts. Despite the long history of tuberculosis prevention efforts, tuberculosis still ranks among the top ten causes of deaths in Nepal. Furthermore, Nepal being land locked with two high TB burden countries i.e. India and China, it has added difficulties to National Tuberculosis program. Hence this study aims to review the situation of National Tuberculosis Program in Nepal and explore the possible challenges and ways forward for NTP to strengthen the TB diagnostics and treatment services in Nepal.
Methods: This study is based on the review of available literatures and data sources related to tuberculosis prevention, care and control. Secondary data published by National Tuberculosis Program in the annual report for the year 2015, 2016 and 2017 were considered for the situation analysis of tuberculosis in Nepal. We used different platforms like Google scholar, PubMed to search relevant literatures.
Results: This has been a huge gap between WHO TB estimates and TB cases notification by the national system. It was 22% in 2015, 27% in 2016 and 29% in 2017. However National Tuberculosis Program has maintained treatment success rate consistently above 90%. Tuberculosis program has yet not achieved universal HIV testing, although HIV testing among TB patients has increased rapidly. Similarly, only 75%, 1994 received DST out of 2601 retreatment TB cases have received DST in 2017 despite guideline suggest mandatory drug susceptibility testing for retreatment TB cases.
Conclusion: Case notification has reduced gradually. It is difficult to achieve the target envisioned by NSP 2016-21 if the current case notification trend persists. NTP needs to expand service sites ensuring minimum quality standards as well as scale up targeted intervention addressing human right issues to identify the missing TB cases. NTP needs to regulate the quality of diagnosis and treatment TB services offered by private sector.
22
Bohara, Madan Singh. "Pulmonary tuberculosis and immunological profile of HIV/AIDS patients in Far West Nepal." Journal of Kathmandu Medical College 3, no. 1 (August 12, 2014): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v3i1.10917.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Tuberculosis is itself a major public health problem in Nepal and the emergence HIV further complicated the issue. Tuberculosis is the most common cause of death among HIV/AIDS patients worldwide. Tuberculosis and HIV co-infection is associated with special diagnostic and ther apeutic challenges and constitutes an immense burden on healthcare system of heavily infected countries like Nepal. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and their immunologic profi les among HIV positive patients. Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted from Januray 2012 to July 2012 among adult HIV-positive patients attending ART centers at Seti Zonal Hospital and Mahakali Zonal Hospital. Clinical and laboratory investigations including Acid Fast staining and culture were used to identify tuberculosis cases. Blood samples were collected to determine CD4+ lymphocyte count. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic characteristics of study participants. The data was entered and analysed using SPSS version 16 software. Results: A total of 103 HIV positive participants were enrolled. Five (4.9%) of the study participants (three females and two males) were found to have pulmonary tuberculosis. Majority [4(80%)] of TB-HIV co-infection was found in 21-40 years age group. Similarly four (80%) of them were illiterate. Among five TB cases only two cases were detected by direct microscopy. In general it was observed that various clinical manifestations such as cough, chest pain, weight loss, loss of appetite etc. are more common in TB co-infected HIV patients in comparison to non-co-infected counterparts. Similarly, higher percentage of TB cases were seen in patients with low CD4+ count (<500/mm3). Conclusions: We found high prevalence of tuberculosis-HIV co-infection. More such cases were seen among those with low CD4+ cell count. Early detection of co-infection is very necessary to facilitate early ART initiation, thereby strengthening their immune status.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v3i1.10917Journal of Kathmandu Medical CollegeVol. 3, No. 1, Issue 7, Jan.-Mar., 2014, page: 8-13
23
Thapa, B., R. Paudel, P. Thapa, A. Shrestha, and AK Poudyal. "Prevalence of Diabetes among Tuberculosis Patients and Associated Risk Factors in Kathmandu Valley." SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS 12, no. 2 (October 25, 2016): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v12i2.15951.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Diabetes among tuberculosis patients is a growing concern. The prevalence of diabetes among tuberculosis patients in Nepal is not known. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of diabetes among tuberculosis patients and to identify the associated risk factors.Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in Kathmandu valley of Nepal. Face to face interviews using structured questionnaire were conducted to collect socio-demographic and behavioral risk factors. A random blood sugar test was carried out using glucometer. Measurements on height, weight and waist circumference were taken to obtain the anthropometric information.Results: Out of 407 tuberculosis patients recruited in the study, 37 (9.1%) were found to have diabetes. Among them 28 (6.9%) were self reported cases of diabetes while 9 (2.2%) were found with random blood sugar level >200mg/dl. Tuberculosis patients aged 50 years and above (OR 7.5; 95% CI 2.72-20.66), ever tobacco users (OR 3.5; 95% CI 1.19-10.74), high income status (OR 5.2; 95% CI 1.59-17.26) and self history of high blood pressure (OR 20.0; 95% CI 5.07-79.50) were found significantly associated with diabetes.Conclusion: Overall, the prevalence of diabetes among tuberculosis patients was 9.1%. Older age, tobacco use, high income status and history of high blood pressure were identified as associated risk factors.SAARC J TUBER LUNG DIS HIV/AIDS, 2015 XII (2), Page: 20-27
24
Shrestha, Umid Kumar, Dinesh Shrestha, Ramila Shrestha, and Arnab Ghosh. "Clinical profile of 103 patients with abdominal tuberculosis in Nepal." Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine 4, no. 2 (March 5, 2017): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaim.v4i2.16896.
Full textAbstract:
Background and aims: The nonspecific clinical features of abdominal tuberculosis (TB) have made its diagnosis difficult, which can lead to the poor outcome in patients who are not able to receive early treatment. Hence, the aim of our study was to determine the clinical profile of abdominal TB in the patients of Nepal.Methods: This is a prospective observational study in which 103 patients with abdominal TB were analyzed for clinical profiles from May 2010 to April 2015. All diagnosed patients received anti-tubercular treatment (ATT) and were followed up at 1 and 6 months of ATT.Results: Among 103 patients of abdominal TB [males 48 (46.6%), females 55 (53.4%); mean age 33.1 years (±12.9)], 47.6% had histopathological examination (HPE) confirmation, 27.2% had high ascitic adenosine deaminase (ADA) value and another 25.2% had suggestive imaging findings. The common symptoms were abdominal pain (84.5%), weight loss (75.7%), anorexia (63.1%), chronic diarrhea (56.3%) and fever (52.4%). The mean weight was <50 Kg, hemoglobin <11 gm/dl and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate >40 mm/first hour. The sites involved were ileo-cecal (35.9%), peritoneal (27.2%), ileal (15.5%), colonic (15.5%), lymph nodal (3.9%) and gastroduodenal (1.9%). The sensitivity of HPE for diagnosis of abdominal TB was 47.6% (95% confidence interval 37.6% to 57.6%). All patients of abdominal TB had a good clinical response after ATT.Conclusion: The common symptoms of abdominal TB were abdominal pain, weight loss, anorexia, chronic diarrhea and fever. Since the diagnosis of abdominal TB by HPE may not always be positive, other parameters such as ascitic ADA value, imaging findings and associated supportive clinical features have to be considered, and a therapeutic trial of ATT may be indicated so that all patients of abdominal TB can be treated early in the course of disease.
25
Regmi, H. S., R. Gurung, S. K. Sharma, B. Pradhan, and S. K. Bhattacharya. "Pulmonary tuberculosis among diabetic patients in Dharan Municipality, Eastern Nepal." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 21 (April 2014): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.1050.
Full text
26
Bansal, Prerna, Dipendra Khatiwada, and Hari Prasad Upadhyay. "Preventive Practices of Tuberculosis Patients in a Municipality of Chitwan District, Nepal." Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 15, no. 1 (March 18, 2019): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v15i1.23165.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide and sixth leading cause of death in Nepal. Preventing new infections of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is crucial to reduce TB burden and death. The source of infection is an open (sputum positive) case of pulmonary tuberculosis. Poor management of TB-related waste like disposal of sputum by patients has been reported as a risk factor for increasing susceptibility to active TB infection. The present study was undertaken to assess preventive measures practiced by TB patients.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 82 tuberculosis patients who visited the five different DOTs centres of Bharatpur Municipality of Chitwan district, Nepal during December 2016 to February 2017. To find the association between variables, chi-square test was used. P-value less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.
Results: The Mean ± SD of age of patients was 37.02±18.90 years. 67.10% of the patients received health education on preventive measures. 59.8% of the respondents had good practice on prevention measures of TB. Only 3.70% used burning method for the sputum disposal after diagnosis of TB. None of the respondents used boiling method for the disposal of sputum. Among all only 6% practiced safe method of sputum disposal. The statistically significant variables with health education were preventive measures like self isolation (ᵪ2 = 7.54, p = 0.006), covering face while coughing and sneezing (ᵪ2 = 4.113, p = 0.043) and keeping surrounding clean (ᵪ2= 7.880, p = 0.005).
Conclusions: Patients and family members should be well educated on practicing different preventive measures by further strengthening the preventive measures strategy in the transmission of tuberculosis if we envisioned to end TB by 2035.
27
Dahal, S., M. R. Banjara, D. Khadka, G. Ghimire, and S. Sharma. "Drug Susceptibility Profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolated from Patients Visiting National Tuberculosis Centre, Nepal." Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology 5 (September 26, 2018): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tujm.v5i0.22314.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess drug susceptibility pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 145 clinically suspected and previously treated pulmonary tuberculosis patients visiting National Tuberculosis Centre, Bhaktapur, Nepal. After obtaining written informed consent, questionnaire was administered and sputum samples were collected from each patient. Each sample was subjected to Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining and cultured on Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) medium at 37ºC for 8 weeks. MTB isolates were identified by growth rate and colony morphology, confirmed by biochemical tests and drug susceptibility testing (DST) of identified isolates was performed by proportion method.
Results: A total of 49.7% (n=72) sputum samples were positive for MTB by culture and 46.9% (n=68) were positive by ZN staining. Among culture positive isolates of MTB (n= 72), 25% (n=18) were resistant to at least one drug. The prevalence of multi drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) was 15.3% (n=11) of which 5.56% (n=4) were resistant to rifampicin (RIF) only, 1.39% (n= 1) were resistant to isoniazid (INH) only. Out of 18 resistant isolates, 61.1% (n=11) were resistant to both RIF and INH, 21.43% (n=3) resistant to INH were susceptible to RIF and 26.67% (n=4) resistant to RIF were susceptible to INH. Smoking (P=0.001) and coughing (P=0.009) were statistically significant with isolation of MTB.
Conclusion: Since the prevalence of MDR-TB was high, MDR-TB strains should be identified in order to initiate second line treatment.
28
Khunjeli, R., U. R. Mohsin, S. K. Shrestha, S. Adhikari, B. Srivastava, and B. Shrestha. "Prevalence of primary drug resistant tuberculosis in a tertiary care hospital, Nepal." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 4, no. 4 (January 28, 2015): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v4i4.11970.
Full textAbstract:
Background & objectives: Tuberculosis is a transmissible disease mainly due to inhalation of infected droplet nuclei. The burden of drug resistant tuberculosis is very high in our neighboring countries India and China. Prevalence of primary drug resistant disease is difficult to estimate in our country because culture and sensitivity is not done routinely. This study was an attempt to find out the prevalence of drug resistant in newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients serving in the Nepalese Armed Forces. Methodology: Medical records of patients serving in the Nepalese Armed Forces who had the provisional diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis for the first time from July 2012 to June 2014 were analyzed. They had their sputum subjected for both smear and culture with sensitivity testing. Out of 134 patients, 62 had culture positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and drug sensitivity was done for the first line 4 antitubercular drugs. Results: Drug resistant strains were found in 5 cases (8.1%) of which 2 (3.2%) were resistant to 4 first line drugs - rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol and streptomycin. Prevalence of isoniazid resistance was the highest, found in 3 cases (4.8%). Conclusion: Primary drug resistant tuberculosis in newly diagnosed cases was high even in young healthy adults, and isoniazid resistant strains were the commonest.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v4i4.11970
29
Devkota, Janardan, Narmada Devkota, and Shyam Prasad Lohani. "Health Related Quality of Life, Anxiety and Depression among Tuberculosis Patients in Kathmandu, Nepal." Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Science 4, no. 1 (January 12, 2017): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v4i1.16380.
Full textAbstract:
Background and Objectives: Tuberculosis remains one of the major public health problems in Nepal. This study was carried out to assess the Health related Quality of life and Anxiety- Depression level of Tuberculosis patients in Kathmandu.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Urban Direct Observation Treatment Short Course center using 150 study populations. Questionnaires containing socio-demographic characteristics, Self Reporting Questionnaire, Short Forms Health Survey, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. SPSS 20, SF-36 Scoring Software were used for data management.Results: Majority of respondents (57.3%) were male, age group of 21-25 years. Majority of respondents suffered from Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis, gland TB was in higher prevalence (31.3%). Most of the respondents found to poor HRQoL score where only 1.4% female and 1.7% male’s had above average HRQoL. There was no correlation between anxiety, depression, Mental Component Summary and Physical Component Summary score in pulmonary Tuberculosis patients unlike Extra pulmonary Tuberculosis patients, where there was strong correlation between anxiety and depression (r=0.721, p=0.000). There was negative correlation between PCS and MCS (r= -0.232, p= 0.037). There was no association between gender and PCS score on both types of TB patients. At majority of domain of HRQoL male had higher score than female.Conclusion: Co-morbidities of anxiety and depression in tuberculosis patients impact on health-related quality of life.Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2016) Vol. 4 (1): 13-18
30
Laohasiriwong, Wongsa, Roshan Kumar Mahato, Rajendra Koju, and Kriangsak Vaeteewootacharn. "Delay for First Consultation and Its Associated Factors among New Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients of Central Nepal." Tuberculosis Research and Treatment 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4583871.
Full textAbstract:
Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major public health challenge in Nepal and worldwide. Most transmissions occur between the onset of symptoms and the consultation with formal health care centers. This study aimed to determine the duration of delay for the first consultation and its associated factors with unacceptable delay among the new sputum pulmonary tuberculosis cases in the central development region of Nepal. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in the central development region of Nepal between January and May 2015. New pulmonary sputum positive tuberculosis patients were interviewed by using a structured questionnaire and their medical records were reviewed. Among a total of 374 patients, the magnitude of patient delay was 53.21% (95% CI: 48.12–58.28%) with a median delay of 32 days and an interquartile range of 11–70 days. The factors associated with unacceptable patient delay (duration ≥ 30 days) were residence in the rural area (adj. OR = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.10–8.72;pvalue = 0.032) and DOTS center located more than 5 km away from their residences (adj. OR = 5.53, 95% CI: 2.18–13.99;pvalue < 0.001). Unemployed patients were more likely to have patient delay (adj. OR = 7.79, 95% CI: 1.64–37.00;pvalue = 0.010) when controlled for other variables.
31
Ghimire, H. B., H. S. Rimal, and P. Parajuli. "Treatment Outcome of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis From a Centre of Eastern Region, Nepal." Birat Journal of Health Sciences 1, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bjhs.v1i1.17092.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction Drug resistance tuberculosis (DRTB) has become major problem worldwide with difficulty in treatment. Objective The study is conducted to find the incidence and outcomes of DRTB in one of the eastern tuberculosis treatment centre of Nepal.Methodology We collected all the cases of DRTB being treated from national anti-tuberculosis association of Biratnagar, Nepal. There were altogether 154 patients, who had sputum culture with resistance of at least one anti tubercular drug (ATD), included in this study.Results Of 154 total patients, 36 patients were resistant to rifampicin only, 84 patients were resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin, 18 patients were resistant to isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol and 16 patients were resistant to isoniazid, rifampicin and either streptomycin or fluoroquinolone. There was overall 71% cure rate in case of drug resistance tuberculosis. There was only statistical difference between cured and died patients in case of sputum conversion time with earlier sputum conversion in cured patients. Similarly, patients who were previously treated with category 2 ATD had only resistance to ethambutol or streptomycin or fluoroquinolone besides resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin compared to new patients and patients treated with category 1 regimen; as these groups were not found to be resistant to first three drugs.Conclusion There was overall 71% cure rate in case of drug resistance tuberculosis. Earlier sputum conversion was seen in cured patients compared to those who died during the treatment. Multiple drugs were resistant in patients previously treated with category 2 Anti-tubercular drugs.Birat Journal of Health Sciences 2016 1(1): 20-26
32
Gupta, Ravi Shankar, Tarannum Khatun, Akhtar Alam Ansari, Amrullah Shidiki, Dipak Bhargava, Bidhya Gupta, and Anirban Majumder. "Problems and Solution to Diagnose Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Central Region of Nepal." Med Phoenix 1, no. 1 (July 31, 2017): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/medphoenix.v1i1.17888.
Full textAbstract:
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis is high, challenging the clinicians to make correct diagnosis. Microscopy, culture and fine needle aspiration cytology have their limitations in regard to specificity and sensitivity. In this report, polymerase chain reaction is used for detecting and distinguishing Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis. A case of retropharyngeal abscess was selected from which pus was collected which was negative for microscopy and culture in routine microbiology as well as mycobacteriology. Cytopathological examination was also negative. Polymerase chain reaction was applied to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis specific IS6110 gene. The patients responded with anti-tuberculosis treatment well. Polymerase chain reaction was introduced for diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis since it can be done within hours, monitor therapy and also differentiate Mycobacterium tuberculosis from other Mycobacterial species.MED Phoenix Volume (1), Issue (1) July 2016, page: 41-43
33
Pathak, Vikas, Hom Nath Pant, and Ramesh Chokhani. "Sarcoidosis in Nepal: Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation and Ethnic Differences." Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 13, no. 3 (October 19, 2017): 311–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v13i3.18276.
Full textAbstract:
Background & Objectives:Sarcoidosis is a multi-system granulomatous disorder of unknown origin.The frequency and the clinical presentation of sarcoidosis vary among the geographical regions. This study is a retrospective analysis of the sarcoidosis patients diagnosed in Nepalese population. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of sarcoidosis in Nepalese population which has high prevalence of tuberculosis and to understand the clinical profiles and ethnic differences.Materials & Methods:A retrospective chart analysis was done in all the patients from January first, 2005 to December 31st, 2010 who had abnormal chest radiograph and who were diagnosed with sarcoidosis. The study was done at Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital and Everest Nursing Home.Results:A Forty two patients were diagnosed to have sarcoidosis over a five year period, of which 23/42 (55.0%) were females and 19/42 (45%) were males. The mean age was 36 years with minimum age being 18 years and maximum 72 years. As far as Ethnicity is concerned, 15/42 (36.0%)were Brahmins,08/42(19.0%) were Marwadi, and 07/42(17.0%) were Chhetri. The most common presenting symptom was cough 19/42 (45.0%).Out of the 42 patients, eight were being treated for pulmonary tuberculosis. Most common radiographic findings were bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy 15/42 (36.0%).Conclusion:Sarcoidosis is common in Nepal and should be considered in the differential diagnosis before treating the patient empirically for tuberculosis.
34
Jha, N., B. Khanal, P. Prahalad Karki, S. Rijal, BK Deo, DK Khadka, and P. Malla. "TB/HIV Co-Infection Status among the Newly Diagnosed TB Patients: A Study from Eastern Nepal." SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS 5, no. 2 (May 7, 2010): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v5i2.3072.
Full textAbstract:
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading public health problem worldwide particularly in the developing countries. The HIV epidemic has increased the global tuberculosis burden. Estimating the proportion of HIV infection among TB cases can act as early warning system for the spread of TB due to HIV in the country. The objective of the study was to know status of TB/HIV co-infection cases among the TB patients at DOTS clinic in BPKIHS, Dharan, Nepal. Three Hundred newly diagnosed TB cases attended to BPKIHS DOTS clinic were tested for HIV. Among 300 newly TB patients, 14 (4.7%) patients were HIV positive. All were males. The study has shown very high (4.7%) TB/HIV co-infection. This is an alarming situation. Similar operational research can be conducted in different parts of Nepal to know the exact scenario of TB/HIV co-infection, which is necessary for formulating national policy & guidelines for TB/HIV control in the country. Keywords: TB & HIV Co-infection; TB; HIV; Nepal DOI: 10.3126/saarctb.v5i2.3072 SAARC J. Tuber. Lung Dis. HIV/AIDS 2008 Vol.5(2) 22-25
35
Engelbrektsson, Ulla-Britt, and Madhusudan Subedi. "Presumed Cause(s) of Tuberculosis in Rural Nepal." Himalayan Journal of Sociology and Anthropology 7 (April 12, 2017): 175–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjsa.v7i0.17156.
Full textAbstract:
In focus is the emic perspective on cause/s of tuberculosis. The ethnographic data is from two major studies in one and the same community in the Hill district of Pyuthan, in the Mid-Western Development Region. The findings show a pooling of old and new influences with a dazzling plurality of thoughts and ideas within a framework of great uncertainty. Moreover, changes in perceptions over the last decade and an half are quite marginal. For health workers to function efficiently the perceived causes of patients and their communities need to be understood and taken into account.Himalayan Journal of Sociology & Anthropology - Vol. VII (2016), Page: 175-197
36
Mahato, R. K., W. Laohasiriwong, and R. P. Koju. "Prevalence and Determinants of Type 2 Diabetes among the Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases in Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 19, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 474–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v19i4.49764.
Full textAbstract:
Background Since prehistoric time to the earlier 20th century, diabetes was accounted as comorbidity among tuberculosis patients, which is reducing the treatment efficiency.
Objective To investigate the prevalence and determinants of type 2 diabetes mellitus among tuberculosis patients in central development region of Nepal.
Method An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted by using structured questionnaire. Face to face interview as well as reviewing of the medical records of the tuberculosis cases has been performed during September 2018 - February 2019. The systematic random sampling was applied to select 306 tuberculosis cases. Then the respondents were examined for blood glucose level as well as Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level to identify TB with Diabetes Mellitus. The proportion of respondents with fasting blood glucose level ≥ 126 mg/dl or a random blood glucose ≥ 200 mg/dl was considered as Tuberculosis with Diabetes Mellitus cases. Similarly, haemoglobin A1C ≥ 7% was accessed as amplified risk for tuberculosis. Multiple logistic regression was performed to analyse the factors associated with Tuberculosis with Diabetes Mellitus by using STATA. P value < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.
Result A total of 306 tuberculosis patients were included in the study. The mean ± standard deviation of age of participants was 36.82±15.94 years. The proportion of male slightly exceeded than that of female with a ratio of 1.73:1. The prevalence of TBDM was 17.32% (95% CI: 13.05-21.58) of all diagnosed tuberculosis cases. Our multivariable analysis identified the factors those were associated with TBDM were age ≥ 45 years (adj.OR=3.97, 95% CI 1.81-8.71, p value 0.001), patients residing in the urban areas (adj.OR=9.75, 95% CI 1.99-47.6, p value 0.005), had Body Mass Index (BMI) <18.5 Kg/m2 (adj.OR=3.20, 95% CI 1.58-6.51, p value 0.001), had diastolic blood pressure ≥ 80 mmHg (adj.OR=2.34, 95% CI 1.17-4.66, p value 0.015) and patients who were treated with Cat II and Cat III tuberculosis treatment regimens (adj.OR=2.65, 95% CI 1.22-5.73, p value 0.013).
Conclusion The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among tuberculosis patients was higher than prevalence of diabetes in general population of Nepal and it was higher among male, urban residents, patients with low BMI and the older aged tuberculosis patients.
37
Shrestha, Sanju Babu, G. P. Pokhrel, and S. B. Pradhan. "Clinico-epidemiological profile of childhood cutaneous tuberculosis." Nepal Journal of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology 13, no. 1 (January 12, 2016): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdvl.v13i1.14305.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Although cutaneous tuberculosis constitutes a small percentage of extra pulmonary tuberculosis, it has not been fully documented in Nepal and more so in the pediatric population. Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the epidemiology and clinical profile of childhood cutaneous tuberculosis at Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Nepal. Material and Methods: Children (below 15 years of age) with cutanesous tuberculosis who attended the teaching hospital between April 2008 and March 2014 were studied. Results: A total of 17 children with skin tuberculosis were identified during the study period, which constituted 34% of all patients with skin tuberculosis. There were 11 boys and 6 girls with a mean age of 8.8 years. The duration of the lesions ranged from 1 month to 4 years and 13 (76.5%) were brought for medical help after six months of onset of the disease. Lower limb was the most common site of involvement. Of the various patterns of cutaneous tuberculosis; scrofuloderma was the most common 7 (41.2%) followed by lupus vulgaris 6 (35.3%), erythema nodosum 2 (11.7%) and gumma 1 (5.8%). Combination of lupus vulgaris and scrofuloderma was noted in one patient. Three patients (17.6%) had internal organ involvement as pulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusion: The pattern of skin tuberculosis had wide variation with a few of them having systemic involvement. Therefore, these patients need a thorough evaluation or an uniform standard therapeutic regimen to cover both internal organ and cutaneous tuberculosis.NJDVL Vol. 13, No. 1, 2015 Page: 45-51
38
Shrestha, S., B. Shakya, and P. Shrestha. "Prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis among the suspected patients visiting tertiary care hospital in Birgunj, Nepal." Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Science 1, no. 1 (March 28, 2013): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v1i1.7886.
Full textAbstract:
Background and Objectives: Mycobacterial disease continues to cause high morbidity and mortality and is a major public health problem in Nepal. Bacteriological examination of sputum is the cornerstone in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in the developing world. This prospective study was carried out with an objective to evaluate the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among the patients visiting National Medical College Teaching Hospital by Ziehl- Neelsen (Zn) staining microscopy. Material and Methods: The study was cross-sectional study. Three consecutive early morning sputum collected from 626 patients were subjected to Zn staining and observed under oil immersion. Results: Among 626 patients, 85 (13.57%) were found to be Acid fast positive by Zn staining microscopy. Of total suspected patients,16.0% of male and 8.7% of female were infected, common among 41-60 years group (17.2%) followed by 21-40 years (12.6%) and multibacillary cases was 71.8%. Conclusion: The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among National medical college teaching hospital was found to be higher than the Nation pulmonary tuberculosis detection rate, most commonly infecting males. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v1i1.7886 Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2013) Vol. 1 (1):48-52
39
Maharjan, Elina, Narayan Dutt Pant, Sanjeev Neupane, Jyoti Amatya, and Bhawana Shrestha. "Use of Genotype MTBDRplus Assay for Diagnosis of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Nepal." International Scholarly Research Notices 2017 (August 13, 2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1635780.
Full textAbstract:
The main aims of this study were to study the patterns of mutations in rpoB, katG, and inhA genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from patients from Nepal and to evaluate the performance of genotype MTBDRplus assay, taking conventional drug susceptibility testing as gold standard for diagnosis of MDR-TB. A total of 69 Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from 73 smear positive sputum samples from patients suspected of suffering from multidrug-resistant tuberculosis were used in our study. The drug susceptibility pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from these sputum specimens was determined by using genotype MTBDRplus assay taking conventional drug susceptibility testing as reference. The sensitivity and specificity of the genotype MTBDRplus assay for the detection of MDR-TB were found to be 88.7% and 100%, respectively. 88.7% of the rifampicin resistant isolates had mutations in rpoB gene. Similarly, 79.7% and 9.4% of isoniazid resistant isolates had mutations in katG and inhA genes, respectively. Genotype MTBDRplus assay was found to be very rapid and highly sensitive and specific method for diagnosis of MDR-TB and will be very helpful for early diagnosis of MDR-TB in high tuberculosis burden countries.
40
Shrestha, Smriti, Dharmendra Karn, Dipesh Tamrakar, Surendra Madhup, and Biraj Man Karmacharya. "Profile of Clients of HIV Testing and Counseling in a Tertiary Care Center and Need of Testing in Tuberculosis." Nepal Journal of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology 17, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdvl.v17i1.23251.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Sexually transmitted infection is public health issue that amplifies HIV burden globally. At National Center of AIDS and STD Control, annual reported STI are rising steeply recently. Incidence of HIV is 0.03% while prevalence in adult population is less than 1%. National HIV testing guidelines 2017 recommends HIV tests should be performed in tuberculosis and medical conditions. However, it is not routinely done in Nepal.
Objective: To assess profile of STI and HIV among patients attending HIV testing and counseling center of tertiary hospital, and to assess fraction of tuberculosis patients undergoing HIV testing.
Materials and Methods: All patients attending HIV testing and counseling center were tested for HIV. Tests for STI were done based on patient symptoms. Data collected were analyzed with SPSS.
Results: Suspected STI (41.1%) was commonest cause of HIV testing. Among STI, gram positive diplococcic were noted in 11.5% and 3.4% had PCR positive Chlamydia. Only 19.4% (7 out of 36) of total tuberculosis patients in hospital were screened for HIV, among which, 57.14% (4 out of 7) were seropositive for HIV, which is noteworthy.
Conclusion: Our study shows patterns of STI, and that gonorrhea and chlamydia could be underdiagnosed in Nepal. Every patient with tuberculosis should routinely be screened for HIV. But only small fraction of tuberculosis patients underwent HIV screening, out of which HIV positivity was high, reflecting the gap and need for routine HIV screening in TB patients.
41
Nagata, Y., M. Aoki, and T. Yamashita. "432-PA12 Studies on case finding of tuberculosis patients in national tuberculosis centre (NTC) in Nepal." Tubercle and Lung Disease 76 (October 1995): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0962-8479(95)90410-7.
Full text
42
Vaidya, Binit, and Shweta Nakarmi. "Simultaneous Adalimumab and Antitubercular Treatment for Latent Tubercular Infection: An Experience from Nepal." International Journal of Rheumatology 2019 (April 1, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2034950.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. In Nepal, adalimumab is the most common agent being used, but in a disease activity-based dose tapering to address the economic constraints. Another constraint is the high risk of reactivation of tuberculosis in countries with high burden, especially with the use of tumor necrosis factor blocking agents. Though there are recommendations for screening and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) before using adalimumab, data is not clear regarding the appropriate screening schedule and the timing of initiation of biologic therapy. Methodology. This retrospective review of prospectively followed cohort of spondyloarthropathy patients aimed to evaluate the efficacy of simultaneous initiation of adalimumab with LTBI treatment. Patients fulfilling either the modified New York criteria for ankylosing spondylitis or Assessment in SpondyloArthritis international Society criteria and who were refractory to oral treatment were screened with Mantoux (≥10mm) and interferon gamma release assay (QuantiFERON) to detected LTBI. Those who tested positive were started on rifampicin/isoniazid combination for 3 months and adalimumab treatment on the same day. The patients were followed up at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 12 weeks, and then every 3 months for 2 years. Results. Out of 784 patients diagnosed, 92 were receiving adalimumab. LTBI was detected by positivity of either Mantoux or QuantiFERON in 29.3% patients. None of the patients with LTBI who were started on the 2 drug regime simultaneous with adalimumab developed activation of tuberculosis. However, two patients testing negative for both the tests developed tubercular pleural effusion during treatment. Conclusions. Our findings indicate that screening for LTBI should be more frequent in patients from high tuberculosis burden countries; treatment of LTBI with rifampicin/isoniazid combination for 3 months is effective in preventing reactivation even when adalimumab is started simultaneously.
43
Bichha, R. P., K. B. Karki, R. Sultana, K. K. Jha, V. S. Salhotra, D. K. Khadka, and A. P. Weerakoon. "Study on Culture Positivity among Sputum Smear Negative Tuberculosis Suspects attending the National Tuberculosis Centre, Nepal." SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS 16, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v16i1.23244.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Globally, more than half of all TB cases are not detected. If they are not diagnosed and get treatment infection transmission may continue and patients suffer and may eventually die. Pulmonary TB either smear positive or negative is normally diagnosed by Ziehl-Neelsen stained sputum smear examination microscopy. Since the culture is the gold standard, evaluation of smear negative TB cases by this method is likely to detect more cases.
Objectives: The objective of this study is to find out culture positivity among smear negative patients.
Methods: All the three sputum samples reported negative by Ziehl-Neelsen microscopy from a total of 138 new TB suspected cases more than 15 years of age at NTC Laboratory. Nepal were cultured on Lowenstein-Jensen media. Tubes showing sufficient growth (culture positive) were recorded and all the culture positive results were informed to NTC. The culture positive samples were processed for DST on first line drugs using proportion method.
Results: The culture positivity rate was 5.1% (7 of 138 cases) All the positive cultures were processed for DST on first line anti-TB drugs and none showed resistance of the total 138 suspected Tuberculosis patients, 94 (68.1%) were males and 44 were females (31.9%) with male: female ratio 1:047. The mean age of the total patients were 30.69. Nearly 42% of them belonged to 31-50 years. Mean age of the male patients was significantly higher than total of the female (p<.001).
Conclusions: Seven smear negative cases among the total of 138 suspected TB patients attending NTC were culture positive. Similar study has to be done in other parts of the country.
44
Shakya, Smriti, and Sunil Chandra Jha. "Cardiac manifestations of tuberculosis in a tertiary care center of Nepal." Nepalese Heart Journal 15, no. 1 (May 8, 2018): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njh.v15i1.19714.
Full textAbstract:
Background and Aims: Tuberculosis remains an important etiological cause of pericarditis and pericardial effusion in developing countries like Nepal. The objective of this study is to identify the various presentations of tuberculous pericarditis along with the demographic profile in our context and their short term outcome.Methods: We studied 53 patients from September 2015 to August 2017 regardless of age and gender who presented to Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Center with pericarditis of tubercular origin. The various manifestations of the disease were categorized with 2D echocardiography. Pericardiocentesis was done in patients with large pericardial effusion especially in cardiac tamponade and pericardiectomy done in chronic constrictive pericarditis(CCP). Antitubercular therapy with steroids was instituted.Results: Out of 53 patients, 62% were male and 38% were female. The ages ranged from 6-71 years (42±19.5). Twenty three percent of patients were from the age group 61-70yrs, 20% seen in age group 21-30 years, 8% in less than 10 yrs and 2% in above 70yrs old patients. The most common manifestation seen was large pericardial effusion (32%), followed by CCP (22.6%), 19% presented in cardiac tamponade, 2% had pyopericardium, 2% had perimyocarditis and 4% had acute pericarditis. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) was positive in 75% of the cases when pericardial fluid was tapped. Two patients developed CCP during follow up. Two patients succumbed to death during hospital stay.Conclusion: A high index of suspicion of tubercular pericarditis is inevitable in our settings where other sophisticated investigations are still lacking.Nepalese Heart Journal 2018; 15(1) 35-38
45
Bista, Madhab, Rajesh Nepal, Manoj Aryal, Sushant Katwal, and Manoj Kumar Thakur. "Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Pericardial Effusion." Journal of Nobel Medical College 10, no. 1 (June 17, 2021): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v10i1.37832.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Pericardial effusion (PE) is one of the common pericardial diseases in our population with its associated morbidity and mortality. Our study aims to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with PE from eastern region of Nepal.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in tertiary care center in eastern region of Nepal from March 2019 to February 2020. A total of 45 cases of PE were enrolled by convenient sampling method. Diagnosis was made based on clinical history, examination, and relevant laboratory investigations. Data was entered in Microsoft excel 2007 and converted into IBM SPSS data editor, version 20.
Results: Forty five patients were included with mean age of 55.36 ± 16.38 years. Twenty seven patients (60%) were male and 18 (40%) were female. Hypertension was present in 12 (26.7%) and diabetes mellitus in 13 (28.9%). Mean serum hemoglobin was 10.85 ± 2.09 gm/dl. Chronic kidney disease (Uremia), tuberculosis and hypothyroidism were the common causes of PE. Common clinical symptoms were dyspnea, fever, and cough and chest pain. Moderate to large pericardial effusion was noted in 21 (46.7%) of patients. Cardiac tamponade was present in 6 (13.3%). Twenty seven patients (60%) patients underwent pericardiocentesis.
Conclusion: Chronic kidney disease, tuberculosis and hypothyroidism were the common causes of PE with male predominance. Dyspnea was the most common presenting symptom. Cardiac tamponade was relatively less common.
46
Mishra, Gokul. "Health Seeking Behaviour among Past and Current Tuberculosis Patients in a Low-Income Country." TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijph.2013.09.03.art017.
Full textAbstract:
In Nepal, the estimated incident cases are 0.07 million, of them, 0.03 million people are diagnosed and enrolled in the treatment annually, and numbers of undiagnosed people living with tuberculosis (TB) might be a threat to achieving END TB strategy targets. Understanding health-seeking behaviour and care pathways is crucial to reducing missed cases and decreasing TB transmission. The objective of the study was to identify the health-seeking behavior of TB patients and understand the reasons behind TB diagnostic and treatment delays in Nepal. This was a cross-sectional, population-based survey carried out in 99 clusters of 55 districts (total of 77) of Nepal. Primary Sampling Units were Village Development Committees or Municipalities and wards selected using systematic proportional to population size method. Of the total 54,200 people who attended in the survey, 1,825 had a history of TB and asked their health-seeking practice. 62% and 72% of the TB patients utilised the government health facilities for diagnosis and treatment. 18% of the TB patients said that they received diagnosis services, and 16% of patients took their treatment from outside of the country, especially India, due to fear of stigma and easy access to the services. The majority of the TB patients utilised government health facilities to receive diagnosis and treatment services. Some of the participants sought TB services from private health care providers, and a significant proportion of participants received them from India due to difficulty in accessing local services and fear of stigma and discrimination. Keywords: Community Based Directly Observed Treatment, Health Seeking Behaviour, Prevalence Survey, Tuberculosis.
47
Paudel, Sagun, Retna Siwi Padmawati, Ashmita Ghimire, Choden Lama Yonzon, and Yodi Mahendradhata. "Feasibility of Find cases Actively, Separate safely and Treat effectively (FAST) strategy for early diagnosis of TB in Nepal: An implementation research." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 26, 2021): e0258883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258883.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Diagnosing TB in an early stage and initiating effective treatment is one of the best ways to reduce the burden of tuberculosis. Feasibility of Find cases Actively, Separate safely and Treat effectively (FAST) Strategy helps to improve the early diagnosis of tuberculosis cases among inpatient settings as well as out patient department patients and prevent TB transmission in hospital. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of the FAST strategy, organizational factors, technical factors, barriers and enablers for the proper implementation of the FAST strategy in Nepal. Methods A qualitative study was conducted from April 2019 to August 2019. Data was collected by using focus group discussion, key informant interviews, and client exit interviews. A retrospective research was conducted in different hospitals in Nepal where FAST strategy was implemented. The patients, health care workers, province, district, and National level stakeholders were interviewed. Thematic analysis was used to assess the feasibility as well as barriers and enablers of the FAST strategy. Results Study identified that the ‘current setting’ of implementation and service delivery arrangement at hospitals were not well arranged as per requirements. The research findings showed hospital ownership is crucial for mobilizing staff and proper space management inside hospitals. Study identified that unavailability of a separate room, limited capacity of GeneXpert machine, irregular supply of GeneXpert cartridge, and insufficient human resources for screening and counseling are the major barriers of FAST implementation in Nepal. Conclusion FAST strategy is feasible to implement in healthcare settings in Nepal although the technical and organizational factors should be managed to ensure effective function of the strategy as per the approach. Hospital ownership is essential to mobilize health workers, improve client flow system and proper space management for FAST services.
48
Bhattarai, Srijana, P. Thapa, C. Shrestha, S. Dangol, T. Niroula, and SC Verma. "A Study On Sociodemographic Pattern And Side Effects Of Anti-Tubercular Drugs Among Tuberculosis Patients In Pokhara Valley." SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS 10, no. 2 (January 28, 2014): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v10i2.9712.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs. Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in most developing countries. The SAARC region accounts more than 32% of global burden with 0.6 million deaths every year and 2.5 million new cases annually. The main aim of our study was to determine the socio-demographic patterns among tuberculosis patients in Pokhara Valley and side effects of anti tubercular drugs. Methodology: This study was conducted among 199 tuberculosis patients at Western Regional Tuberculosis Center, Pokhara, Nepal. These patients diagnosed as new as well as retreatment pulmonary tuberculosis cases were interviewed. Study variables such as age, gender, ethnicity, side effect encountered during the treatment, smoking and alcohol habit, socioeconomic status were statistically analyzed. Results: Among the 199 patient enrolled, 167(84%) patients were found to have one or more side-effects. Signifi cant relation was found between smoking and alcohol intake, socioeconomic status and disease occurrence. Prevalence of tuberculosis was higher among Gurungs. Conclusion: Socio-demographic factors also signifi cantly infl uence the occurrence of tuberculosis. The side effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs are more prevalent among the age group 19 to 65 years as compared to age group of 66 years and above. SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases & HIV/AIDS; 2013; X(2); 41-44 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v10i2.9712
49
Ghimire, Arjun, Kishor Rai, and Hemanta Khanal. "Intestinal Parasitosis among Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Tuberculosis Infected Patients from Dharan, Nepal." Himalayan Journal of Science and Technology 5, no. 01 (December 31, 2021): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hijost.v5i01.42134.
Full textAbstract:
Intestinal parasitic infestation reflects a health threat with patients living with HIV & Tu-berculosis (TB). Parasitic infections caused by protozoa and helminths are the most com-mon infections worldwide. The present study was done to find out the frequency of intes-tinal parasitosis among HIV and Tuberculosis (TB) patients of Dharan total of 53 samples (>15 years) from HIV seropositive patients and 28 samples (>20years) from TB patients were collected in a clean, dry and capped fitted container and subjected to macroscopic and microscopic examination for ova, cyst, adult parasites and or segments of parasites. Stool samples were fixed in a 10% formalin-ether solution. Sedimentation technique, with modified acid-fast (Ziehl-Neelsen) staining method, was performed for opportunistic in-testinal parasites in both patients. Multi-parasitic infection was noted in the study. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was found to be 54 (66.67%). This result had shown that the participation of male patients was comparatively higher than female pa-tients. Out of 81 stool samples, 15 (27.78%) G. lamblia, 12(22.22%) E. histolytica, 12 (22.22%) Cryptosporidium parvum, 6 (11.11%), Isospora belli 4 (7.40%) Microspridium, 1(1.85%) Blastocystis hominis, 2(3.70%) and Taenia spp, 2(3.70%). To prevent this infec-tion appropriate health education should be given to the patients concerning disease trans-mission, antiparasitic therapy, personal hygiene, and safe drinking water.
50
GC, G., Basista Rijal, and A. P. Sharma. "SURVEILLANCE OF ANTI-TUBERCULAR DRUG RESISTANCE." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 41, no. 142 (January 1, 2003): 311–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.749.
Full textAbstract:
Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death in Nepal. Failure in early detection anddrug resistance are two most important problems in treatment and cure of thetuberculosis. The objective of the study was to assess the drug resistance pattern inMycobacterium tuberculosis isolated in Tribhuvan University teaching Hospital. Morethan 85% of isolates were sensitive to all the four drugs and 5.5% of isolates weremultidrug resistant. The drug resistant isolates were obtained more frequently frompreviously treated patients. More extensive studies should be carried out by independentorganizations to collect more representative data on drug resistance tuberculosis.Key Words: Tuberculosis, drug resistance and surveillance.