Academic literature on the topic 'Tuberculosis Patients Nepal'
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Journal articles on the topic "Tuberculosis Patients Nepal"
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Regmi, S., B. Shrestha, and A. Katuwal. "First line anti-tubercular drug resistance among patients visiting German Nepal Tuberculosis Project, Nepal." International Journal of Infection and Microbiology 2, no. 2 (July 20, 2013): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i2.8321.
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INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis is one of the commonest causes of death in the world. It remains a major public health problem in developing countries including Nepal. Despite the reduction in incidence of tuberculosis by the implementation of anti-tuberculosis drugs regimen, TB remains pandemic due to emergence of drug resistant strain of M. tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the first line anti-tubercular drug resistance among patients visiting German Nepal Tuberculosis Project, Nepal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anti-tubercular drug susceptibility test for first line drugs (Rifampicin, Isonizid, Ethambutol, and Streptomycin) was performed by proportion method (n=141) for new sputum smear positive patients attending German Nepal Tuberculosis Project, Kathmandu, Nepal. RESULTS: 78.1% (n=110.) were sensitive to all 4 drugs. Eight isolates (5.6%), 4(2.8%), 10(7.1%) and 31(21.9%) were resistant to any 4, 3, 2 and 1 drug respectively. Proportion of drug resistant (PDR) to one drug was 12.6%, two drugs 7.6%, three drugs (6.3%) and four drugs was 5.6%. Our result indicates the PDR to the first line drug was 21.9% and multidrug resistant (MDR) was 12 (8.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Drugs resistant cases of tuberculosis in increasing. Surveillance and monitoring of the drug resistant tuberculosis is necessary to prevent emergence of MDR, extensively drug resistant and so-called totally drug resistant tuberculosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i2.8321 Int J Infect Microbiol 2013;2(2):45-48
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Adhikari, Nilaramba, Ratna Bhattarai, Rajendra Basnet, Bhim Singh Tinkari, Badri Nath Gyawali, and Lok Raj Joshi. "Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection among Tuberculosis Patients in Nepal." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 17, no. 01 (April 28, 2019): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v17i01.1768.
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Background: National Tuberculosis Program has envisioned to provide human immunodeficiency virus testing for all tuberculosis patients. However, human immunodeficiency virus testing coverage among notified tuberculosis patients is very low in Nepal. Hence, it is difficult to reflect the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection among Tuberculosis patients based on the information available from the routine system. Hence National Tuberculosis Program carried out sentinel surveillance to assess the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection among tuberculosis patients and its associated factors in Nepal.Methods: This study is cross-sectional study type conducted at six sentinel sites across the country. This study lasted for six months starting from March 2017 to August 2017. The sample size was calculated using Epiinfo STATCAL application assuming confidence interval at 95%, 85% power and 5% non-response rate. The required sample size was 1672 tuberculosis patients. Ethical approval was obtained from Nepal Health Research Council. All types of tuberculosis patients who were equal or above 15 years were included in the study. Human immunodeficiency viruse testing was performed among tuberculosis patients as per the testing algorithm recommended by national guideline.Results: The study was carried out among 1664 tuberculosis patients registered for tuberculosis treatment during the study period. More than two thirds of tuberculosis patients (67%) were male. The median age of tuberculosis patients was found 32 years. During human immunodeficiency virus testing, 41 out of 1664 tuberculosis patients were found human immunodeficiency virus positive resulting human immunodeficiency virus infection seroprevalence among tuberculosis patients to 2.5%. Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection was significantly associated with age (P=0.002), caste/ethnicity (P=0.025), religion (P=0.015) and occupation (P=0.014) of tuberculosis patients.Conclusions: Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection among tuberculosis patients was found 2.5%. Information and access to tuberculosis/human immunodeficiency virus services needs to be increased toaddress tuberculosis-human immunodeficiency virus co-infection in Nepal.Keywords: HIV; prevalence; TB; TB-HIV coinfection.
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Marahatta, S. B., J. Kaewkungwal, P. Ramasoota, and P. Singhasivanon. "Risk factors of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis in central Nepal: A pilot study." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 8, no. 4 (June 5, 2012): 392–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v8i4.6238.
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Introduction Tuberculosis is the most widespread infectious disease in Nepal and poses a serious threat to the health and development of the country. Incidences of drug resistant tuberculosis in Nepal are increasing and this tuberculosisis a major threat to successfully controlling tuberculosis . Objective The general objective of the study was to assess the risk factors of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis among the patients attending the National Tuberculosis Centre, Bhaktpur Nepal. Methods An observational study/ case-control study with a Atotal number of 55 multi-drug resistant tuberculosis cases and 55 controls. The study was conducted among the patient attending in the National Tuberculosis Centre , Bhaktpur Nepal for six months, between May–October 2010. sImulti-drug resistant tuberculosis wasThe collected data was analysed in SPSS 11.5 version. The association between categorical variables were analysed by chi-square tests, OR and their 95% CI were measured. Results The total number of patients used for the study was 110, of which among them 55 were cases and 55 were controls . Our study revealed that there were significant associations between history of prior TB MDR-TB OR =2.799 (95 % CI 1.159 to 6.667) (p=0.020); smoking habit OR =2.350 and (95%CI 1.071 to 5.159) (p=0.032); social stigma social stigma OR 2.655 (95%CI r 1.071 to 5.159) (p=0.013); knowledge on MDR-TB OR =9.643 (95% CI 3.339 to 27.846) (p < 0.001)and knowledge on DOTS Plus OR=16.714 (95% CI is ranging from 4.656 to 60.008) (p< 0.001). However, there was no association found between alcohol drinking habits and ventilation in the room. Conclusion Our study revealed that there were significant associations between history of prior tuberculosis, smoking habit social stigma social stigma, knowledge on multi-drug resistant tuberculosis and knowledge on DOTS Plus with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis However there was no association between alcohol drinking habit and ventilation in room with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v8i4.6238 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2010;8(4):392-7
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Agarwal, Neha, Prajowl Shrestha, and Ramesh Chokhani. "Allergic BronchoPulmonary Aspergillosis in Nepal." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 52, no. 196 (December 31, 2014): 1020–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.2806.
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Allergic BronchoPulmonary Aspergillosis is clinically under recognized and often misdiagnosed in Nepal. A total of 15 cases of ABPA were enrolled in this case series. Cases were followed up after the 3 months of start of treatment and clinical responses were assessed. The mean age of the patients was 33.06 ± 9.2 yrs. 80% were male. 26.6% patients were empirically on antitubercular treatment at the time of presentation. 40% patients were misdiagnosed and already treated as pulmonary Tuberculosis. 10 patients were previously treated as cases of refractory asthma. Majority of patients had significant eosinophillia and raised total serum IgE. All patients required treatment with bronchodilator and systemic steroid. 80% patients underwent remission with the treatment. Pulmonary Tuberculosis and refractory bronchial asthma are common condition that leads to the misdiagnosis of this disease.
Keywords: ABPA; bronchial asthma; central bronchiectasis; eosinophil count; serum IgE.
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Shrestha, S., GB Pradhan, K. Bhoomi, BL Shrestha, and CL Bhattachan. "Abdominal Tuberculosis in Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu." SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS 5, no. 1 (May 7, 2010): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v5i1.3083.
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Abdominal Tuberculosis is a common extra pulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis. The wide spectrum of presentation makes abdominal tuberculosis difficult to diagnose and treat. Retrospective review of cases with abdominal tuberculosis presenting to the Surgery Department of Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital from January 2002- June 2007 was done to describe our experience of abdominal tuberculosis over a 5 year period. We found total 32 patients with abdominal tuberculosis, among which 13 had concurrent pulmonary tuberculosis. The most common clinical presentation, i.e. a triad of abdominal pain, fever and weight loss was present in 13 who had symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis presented to physicians and the remaining 19 presented acutely to surgeons with symptoms of pain and obstruction. Chest X ray, abdominal ultrasound and barium meal follow through done to find associated abnormalities. Diagnostic Laparoscopy was performed in 10 and 3 patients with peritonitis underwent emergency laparotomy which revealed multiple ileal perforations in 2 cases and one had multiple strictures with small bowel perforation. Diagnosis of tuberculosis, attended at surgeons was confirmed by demonstrating caseating granulomas in histology and Acid Fast Bacilli Positive, culture for M. tuberculosis from peritoneal fluid. All patients were started anti tuberculosis treatment. Abdominal tuberculosis is a relatively common finding and should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain, fever and weight loss. Key Words: Tuberculosis; abdominal tuberculosis; Acid Fast Bacilli; ileocaecal disease DOI: 10.3126/saarctb.v5i1.3083 SAARC J. Tuber. Lung Dis. HIV/AIDS 2008 Vol.5(1) 39-42
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Bhatta, Subash, D. N. Shah, Meenu Choudhary, Ajit Thakur, and Nayana Pant. "Ocular manifestations in tuberculosis cases with HIV in Nepal." Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v11i2.27817.
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Introduction: TB has seen resurgence associated with HIV. Tuberculosis can affect any ocular tissue. The association of HIV with TB is supposed to increase the incidence and plethora of ocular manifestations in tuberculosis.
Objectives: To study the various ocular manifestations seen in tuberculosis patients with associated HIV infection.
Material and Methods: This hospital based, cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in Tribhuvan University, Teaching Hospital, Maharajgunj, Nepal and Geta Eye Hospital, Kailali from 2010 to 2015. Diagnosed cases of pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis with HIV co infection were evaluated for ocular manifestations after excluding other opportunistic infections.
Results: Of 70 cases eligible for the study, extra pulmonary tuberculosis was seen in60% of the cases. 5 patients (7.1 %) had ocular manifestations. CD4 counts were <50/mm3 in 3 cases. Ocular involvement was seen in the form of choroidal granulomas, papillitis, cranial nerve palsy, retinal vasculitis and central serous chorioretinopathy.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that ocular involvement is a frequent finding in cases with tuberculosis and HIV. Ocular findings are more common in cases with lesser CD4 counts. As ocular tuberculosis can be visually devastating, we recommend regular ocular evaluation of all patients with HIV and systemic tuberculosis.
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Amgain, Kapil, and Mahendra Maharjan. "Prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Jutpani VDC, Chitwan, Nepal." Nepalese Journal of Zoology 3, no. 1 (November 25, 2015): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njz.v3i1.30858.
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Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major public health problems in the developing countries like Nepal. The present study was carried out in Jutpani VDC of Chitwan Nepal from July to December 2012 with the objective to determine the situation of Tuberculosis in Jutpani VDC, Chitwan. During the study period, a total of 600 sputum samples from 200 TB suspected patients were collected and examined in the Laboratory of Jutpani Primary Health Center (PHC). Diagnosis was made after staining the sputum smear by Z-N staining method and examined under light microscope. Out of 200 TB suspected patients, 18(9%) were found to be AFB positive. Among patients diagnosed as having pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB), males (55.56%) were found to be infected more than females (44.44%) which was found to be statistically insignificant (Χ2cal. = 0.4524, P<0.01). Highest prevalence of TB infection (36.89%) was found to be in the age group of 30-40 years. A questionnaire survey of 57 Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) patients was done to assess their knowledge, attitude and preventive practices for TB. Out of 57 PTB patients interviewed, majority of the patients had positive attitude but the knowledge regarding cause, transmission, prevention of the tuberculosis was not adequate.
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Dhakal, Amrita, Samata Nepal, Alok Atreya, and Basista Rijal. "Baseline Study of Sputum Microscopy for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Western Region of Nepal." Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital 17, no. 2 (July 25, 2018): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v17i2.20343.
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Introduction: Tuberculosis is a major health issue in Nepal. Early detection of tuberculosis is essential to identify the case which limits the transmission of tuberculosis and builds an effective approach of tuberculosis control policy. Therefore, the present study is aimed to assess the case of tuberculosis by sputum smear examination.Methods: A prospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital of Western Nepal. Two sputum samples were collected from each suspect – spot specimen on the first day and one early morning specimen on the second day. The standard protocol of Ziehl Neelsen stain was applied to detect the acid fast bacilli.Results: Out of 280 smears from suspected patients, only 30 showed smear positivity (10.7%). Among the total identified positive case of tuberculosis (30/280), the highest rate was observed in the age group of 56-65 years. Males (56.7%) were highly affected by tuberculosis than females (43.3%). The minimum age of the suspects was two years and maximum age was of 105 years with mean age of 53.6 years.Conclusions: It is concluded that prevalence of tuberculosis is high in patients attending tertiary care hospital in Western region of Nepal, which is slightly higher than the annual report of National Tuberculosis Program 2017. Incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis is higher in males as compared to females.
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Paudel, M. S., Anjana Kafle, Bishal Khatri Chhetri, Sahadev Prasad Dhungana, Anuj Poudel, and Shamsuddhin . "Characteristics of Patients with Tuberculous Pleural Effusion in Rural Nepal." Journal of Lumbini Medical College 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2013): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22502/jlmc.v1i1.10.
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Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries. TubercularPleural effusion is the second most common form of extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), superseded in Prevalence only by lymph node tuberculosis. Pleural effusion occurs in approximately 5% of patients with TB. The purpose of this study was to assess the demographic characteristics of patients presenting with pleural effusion in rural Nepal.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with all the cases diagnosed and admitted with pleural effusion at Lumbini Medical College And Teaching Hospital from April 2011 to March 2013 of all the cases diagnosed andadmitted with pleural effusion were included in the study. Hundred cases diagnosed with pleural effusion by clinical Examination or chest X-ray or ultrasonography’s (USG) of the chest were included in the studied. The following parameters patients demographic profile, causes of pleural effusion, location (unilateral/bilateral), hemoglobin and complete blood count, sputum stain and culture sensitivity, Monteux test, chest X-ray and USG findings and Pleural fluid analysis (biochemical, hematological, microbiological and cytological) were analyzed by using SPSS 21.
Results: Out of 100 cases, the cause of pleural effusion in 59 patients was tuberculosis, 14 by malignancy, next 14 by Para pneumonic Effusion, 12 by congestive cardiac failure and three cases by alcoholic liver disease. Patients with tuberculous pleural effusion were younger, predominantly males, had unilateral effusion, lower blood hemoglobin, lower Pleural fluid neutrophils, higher pleural fluid Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) levels and higher level of pleural fluid to serum protein ratio as compared to the patients with non-tuberculous effusion.
Conclusion: Tuberculosis is the most common cause of pleural effusion in patients of rural Nepal.
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Sah, S. K., S. C. Verma, R. Bhattarai, K. Bhandari, and G. K. Bhatta. "Surveillance of HIV Infection among Patients with Tuberculosis in Nepal." SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS 12, no. 1 (October 19, 2016): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v12i1.15939.
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Introduction: Tuberculosis is one of the most prevalent infectious disease and significant public health problem in Nepal. The importance of HIV surveillance among tuberculosis (TB) patients is increasingly being recognized as the HIV epidemic continues to fuel the global TB epidemic. In many countries the HIV prevalence in TB patients is a sensitive indicator of the spread of HIV into the general population. The aim of this study is to find out the HIV epidemic among TB patients.Methodology: This was a periodic sentinel survey, i.e. cross-sectional HIV Sero-prevalence survey of all newly registered TB cases above 15 year old to provide point estimate. This survey was carried out in six major diagnostic centres of tuberculosis of Nepal from July 2012 to February 2013. The calculated sample size for the surveillance study was 1000. The findings were processed/analyzed using SPSS (version 16) computer software. Descriptive statistics was used to observe the pattern in each variable.Results: The study revealed that four-fifth (80.9%) TB patients investigated were pulmonary positive and one-fifth (19.1%) extra pulmonary. Prevalence of HIV among tested TB patients was 2.4% and prevalence was comparatively more (2.8%) in Male than Female (1.4%). Sentinel site wise prevalence of HIV was higher (6.7%) in United Mission to Nepal (UMN), Palpa followed by 3.1%, 2.9% and 2.7% in District Public Health Office (DPHO), Kanchanpur, International Nepal Fellowship (INF), Nepalgunj and Regional tuberculosis Centre (RTC), Pokhara respectively. Comparatively prevalence was low (1.3%) in National Tuberculosis Centre (NTC), Thimi and not a single case of HIV among tested TB patients was found in Nepal Anti-TB Association (NATA), Biratnagar. Significant proportion (7.8%) of HIV prevalence was found in the age group of 35-39 years followed by 4.6%, 3.6% and 2.8% among the age group of 40-44 years, 50-54 years and 30-34 years age group respectively.Conclusion: Among all TB/HIV co-infected, significant proportion is found in 35-39 years and lowest in 20-24 age groups. Therefore, it is important to implement targeted interventions in the age group between 30-55 years age group. Provider Initiated Testing and Counseling (PITC) in TB clinical setting plays important role to enroll more TB patients for HIV test.SAARC J TUBER LUNG DIS HIV/AIDS, 2015; 12(1), Page: 25-30
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tuberculosis Patients Nepal"
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Bhattacharya, Baishali. "Evaluation of Directly Observed Therapy in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Nepal: Treatment Outcome and Patient Compliance." TopSCHOLAR®, 2001. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/678.
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Tuberculosis is the leading cause of infectious disease in Nepal. An estimated 60% of the adult population aged between 15-45 years is infected with tuberculosis, and 45% of the total population is infected. Ten percent of people infected with TB progress to active disease. To combat tuberculosis, Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) was adopted in Nepal in 1996. DOT was administered at four national demonstration sites in 1996 and expanded over time so that 56% of the population to date have been covered by DOT. This study aimed to evaluate DOT in pulmonary TB patients in Nepal in terms of patient outcome and compliance. DOT was compared against a conventional treatment program or self-administered therapy (SAT), which served as the control group. The project was a retrospective nonconcurrant cohort study. Patients were sputum positive pulmonary TB patients aged over 15 years from Bhaktapur district in Nepal, who had undergone DOT or SAT between 1996 and 1998. Medical records of all the patients were sent to the National TB Center in Thimi, Nepal. A total of 261 patients (DOT, 161 patients and SAT, 100 patients) were included in the study. The two groups were similar in terms of age, ethnicity, and religion status. The cure rate was 86.3% for DOT, which was significantly higher than the 75.0% for the SAT group (p<0.05). The compliance rate was also higher for DOT at 90.2% versus 81.8% for the SAT group (p<0.05). The mean treatment length was 6.8 months for the SAT group and 7.4 months for the DOT group (p<0.05). Higher rates of treatment compliance and cure rate were achieved in the DOT group versus the SAT group. Thus, DOT is advocated as a means of ensuring greater TB program success.
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Nepal, Anant Kumar Kitti Shiyalap. "Compliance with DOTS among TB patients under community based DOTS strategy in Palpa District, Nepal /." Abstract, 2005. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2548/cd375/4737957.pdf.
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Hari, Bahadur Kunwar Boonyong Keiwkarnka. "Factors related patient compliance with "Directly Observed Treatment Short Course" in Pokhara urban Kaski, Nepal /." Abstract, 2005. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2548/cd376/4737958.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "Tuberculosis Patients Nepal"
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Kristvik, Ellen. Drums and syringes: Patients and healers in combat against TB bacilli and hungry ghosts in the hills of Nepal. Kathmandu: Educational Enterprises, 1999.
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