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1

Akhtar, Komal, Ishtiaq Ahmed, Muhammad Yasin Tipu, Tahir Yaqub, Muhammad Shahid, Aziz ur Rehman, Muhammad Zishan Ahmad, et al. "Molecular identification and infection pathology of Mycobacterium spp. in captive wild animals in Pakistan." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 17, no. 08 (August 31, 2023): 1107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.17287.

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Introduction: Animal tuberculosis is an infectious, chronic, granulomatous, and debilitating disease affecting animals as well as humans. However, in recent decades, there have been many endemic geographic localities where animal tuberculosis has been identified in wildlife reservoirs, limiting the eradication program in cattle. This study aimed to identify animal tuberculosis in captive zoo animals in Pakistan. Methodology: In total, 185 morbid zoo animals were brought for postmortem examination at a veterinary postmortem facility. During the macroscopic examination, these animals were thoroughly examined for the presence of suggestive gross lesions of animal tuberculosis (granulomas/tubercles), and the pattern and distribution of these lesions in different organs. The Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining was performed on smears prepared from granulomatous lesions of lung tissue followed by molecular identification of M. bovis and M. tuberculosis DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The postmortem examination revealed that 8.1% (15/185) of animals had gross tuberculosis lesions on the lungs and lymph nodes. The ZN staining of tissue smears showed 5.40% positivity while M. bovis and M. tuberculosis DNA was identified in 3.78 % and 1.1% of investigated animals, respectively. Conclusions: The study showed that animal tuberculosis is prevalent among wildlife in Pakistan and it may pose serious public health concerns to the people visiting these zoos and wildlife parks.
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Collins, J. D. "Tuberculosis in animals." Irish Journal of Medical Science 154, S1 (January 1985): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02938287.

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3

Getahun, Temesgen K., Fekadu Gutema, and Fikadu Wodajo. "Status and Public Health Significance of Mycobacterium bovis in Ethiopia." Veterinary Medicine – Open Journal 8, no. 1 (December 15, 2023): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/vmoj-8-173.

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Infectious diseases, accounting for 30-50% of the total annual losses, remain a major impediment to Ethiopia’s livestock economy. Cattle, other domesticated animals, and some free-range or captive wildlife species are all susceptible to the infectious disease known as bovine tuberculosis, which is caused by the Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis). It is typically distinguished by the development of tubercle-like nodular granulomas. The bovine tuberculosis-diseased animal loses 10-25% of their productive efficiency; direct losses due to the infection become evident by a decrease in 10-18% milk and a 15% reduction in meat production. During the final stages of tuberculosis, severe emaciation and acute respiratory distress might happen. It affects animal production, but it also significantly affects public health. Human infection due to M. bovis is thought to be mainly through the drinking of contaminated or unpasteurized raw milk and undercooked meat. It is estimated that M. bovis causes 10-15% of human cases of tuberculosis in countries. This indicated that tuberculosis in both humans and animals is endemic in Ethiopia. Reporting the status of tuberculosis in animals and humans is so dynamic.
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Kashino, Suely S., Pamela Ovendale, Angelo Izzo, and Antonio Campos-Neto. "Unique Model of Dormant Infection for Tuberculosis Vaccine Development." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 13, no. 9 (September 2006): 1014–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00120-06.

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ABSTRACT Most individuals exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis become infected but hinder the infectious process in dormant foci, known as latent tuberculosis. This limited infection usually stimulates strong T-cell responses, which provide lifelong resistance to tuberculosis. However, latent tuberculosis is still poorly understood, particularly because of the lack of a reliable animal model of dormant infection. Here we show that inoculation of mice with a unique streptomycin-auxotrophic mutant of Mycobacterium tuberculosis recapitulates dormant infection. The mutant grows unimpaired in the presence of streptomycin and no longer grows but remains viable for long periods of time after substrate removal, shifting from the log growth phase to the latent stage, as indicated by augmented production of α-crystallin. Mice challenged with the mutant and inoculated with streptomycin for ∼3 weeks developed a limited infection characterized by a low bacteriological burden and the presence of typical granulomas. After substrate withdrawal, the infection was hindered but few microorganisms remained viable (dormant) in the animals' tissues for at least 6 months. In addition, the animals developed both potent T-cell responses to M. tuberculosis antigens, such as early culture filtrate, Ag85B, and ESAT-6, and resistance to reinfection with virulent M. tuberculosis. Therefore, infection of mice or other animals (e.g., guinea pigs) with M. tuberculosis strain 18b constitutes a simple and attractive animal model for evaluation of antituberculosis vaccines in the context of an M. tuberculosis-presensitized host, a prevailing condition among humans in need of a vaccine.
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Pandey, G., S. Dhakal, A. Sadaula, G. KC, S. Subedi, KR Pandey, and IP Dhakal. "Status of tuberculosis in bovine animals raised by tuberculosis infected patients in Western Chitwan, Nepal." International Journal of Infection and Microbiology 1, no. 2 (January 20, 2013): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v1i2.7407.

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INTRODUCTION: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an important public health concern worldwide. This study was conducted to determine the status of bTB in animals raised by tuberculosis patients in Western Chitwan, Nepal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted from August, 2011 to January, 2012. A total of 100 bovines (cattle and buffalo) raised in 60 farms of tuberculosis patients were tested with single intradermal tuberculin test considering various animal factors. Well designed questionnaire survey was taken with 70 tuberculosis patients of same 60 families focusing knowledge, awareness and various practices related to bovine tuberculosis. RESULTS: Overall 15% bovines were positive for tuberculosis (13.6% cattle and 15.4% buffaloes). Age of animal was significantly associated with tuberculosis (p<0.05) while sex and species were not. 24% tuberculosis patients had raw milk consuming habit while very few of them (9%) were aware of zoonotic aspect of bovine tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS: There is high chance of tuberculosis transmission form animals to humans or vice versa. Further detailed study is needed in large scale with stronger intersectoral collaboration of medical and veterinary health sector to determine the scale of problem and find out prevention and control strategies against zoonotic tuberculosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v1i2.7407 Int J Infect Microbiol 2012;1(1):49-53
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6

Diallo, Boubacar, Jeconia Abonyo Okelo, Shaibu Osman, Simon Karanja, and Nnaemeka Stanley Aguegboh. "Fractional-Order Model for Evolution of Bovine Tuberculosis with Vaccination and Contaminated Environment." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2024 (January 24, 2024): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/6934895.

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Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic disease that is commonly transmitted via inhaling aerosols, drinking unpasteurized milk, and eating raw meat. We use a fractional-order model with the Caputo sense to examine the evolution of bovine tuberculosis transmission in human and animal populations, including a vaccine compartment for humans. We derived and obtained the threshold quantity R0 to ascertain the illness state. We established conditions guaranteeing the asymptotic stability of the equilibria (locally and globally). Sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the factors that govern the dynamics of tuberculosis. The study demonstrates that the rate of human-to-animal transmission of tuberculosis and environmental pollution and the rate of bTB transmission between animals all affect tuberculosis transmission. However, as vaccination rates increase and fewer individuals consume contaminated environment products (such as meat, milk, and other dairy products), the disease becomes less common in humans. To manage bovine TB, it is advised that information programmes be implemented, the environment be monitored, infected persons be treated, contaminated animals be vaccinated, and contaminated animals be quarantined. The usefulness of the discovered theoretical results is demonstrated through numerical experiments.
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7

Cracknell, Jonathan. "Tuberculosis in animals and humans." Veterinary Record 174, no. 25 (June 19, 2014): 637.1–637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.g4082.

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8

Donchenko, A. S., N. A. Donchenko, A. S. Zhumash, A. K. Shaymbetova, A. В. Turgumbekov, and A. К. Ilimbayeva. "Prevention of tuberculosis of cattle imported from abroad." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 49, no. 6 (January 29, 2020): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2019-6-6.

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When importing cattle from Hungary, Germany, Holland and Australia, many violations of veterinary rules for cattle management for the purpose of its reproduction, rearing and sale were noted. Pathogens of a number of infectious diseases penetrate livestock farms with the cattle purchased. Cases of infection of imported pedigree cattle with tuberculosis were noted. Scientists, together with practical experts of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation, conducted a series of surveys of livestock farms, where pedigree cattle was imported from abroad. The imortance of the veterinary-sanitary treatment of premises prior to the delivery of breeding livestock was highlighted. Feeding regime of such animals in the summer and winter periods was taken into account. Particular attention was paid to preventive diagnostic studies of imported livestock and local animals in contact with them. For more effective diagnosis, several diagnostic tests were used – from the usual intradermal tuberculin test with PPD tuberculin for mammals – to the palpebral and intravenous tuberculin tests as well as the “booster effect” method. In the diagnosis of tuberculosis, a special role was assigned to the results of autopsy and laboratory studies of biomaterial taken from animals killed for diagnostic purposes. In the complex of diagnostic studies for a final decision on the animal tuberculosis and a general epizootic assessment of the herd for animal tuberculosis, a diagnostic assessment of the intradermal fold of 5 mm and over was proposed. Comprehensive intravital diagnostic measures, post-mortem diagnostics of animals reacting to tuberculin, proper veterinary and sanitary measures in livestock buildings were carried out, contact of animals brought from abroad with local cattle and other domestic animals, as well as poultry, was excluded. Comprehensive measures can reliably prevent and diagnose cases of tuberculosis both in imported and local livestock when placing it in specially prepared livestock buildings.
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9

Ncube, Pamela, Bahareh Bagheri, Wynand Johan Goosen, Michele Ann Miller, and Samantha Leigh Sampson. "Evidence, Challenges, and Knowledge Gaps Regarding Latent Tuberculosis in Animals." Microorganisms 10, no. 9 (September 15, 2022): 1845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10091845.

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Mycobacterium bovis and other Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) pathogens that cause domestic animal and wildlife tuberculosis have received considerably less attention than M. tuberculosis, the primary cause of human tuberculosis (TB). Human TB studies have shown that different stages of infection can exist, driven by host–pathogen interactions. This results in the emergence of heterogeneous subpopulations of mycobacteria in different phenotypic states, which range from actively replicating (AR) cells to viable but slowly or non-replicating (VBNR), viable but non-culturable (VBNC), and dormant mycobacteria. The VBNR, VBNC, and dormant subpopulations are believed to underlie latent tuberculosis (LTB) in humans; however, it is unclear if a similar phenomenon could be happening in animals. This review discusses the evidence, challenges, and knowledge gaps regarding LTB in animals, and possible host–pathogen differences in the MTBC strains M. tuberculosis and M. bovis during infection. We further consider models that might be adapted from human TB research to investigate how the different phenotypic states of bacteria could influence TB stages in animals. In addition, we explore potential host biomarkers and mycobacterial changes in the DosR regulon, transcriptional sigma factors, and resuscitation-promoting factors that may influence the development of LTB.
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10

STEPHENS, N., L. VOGELNEST, C. LOWBRIDGE, A. CHRISTENSEN, G. B. MARKS, V. SINTCHENKO, and J. McANULTY. "Transmission ofMycobacterium tuberculosisfrom an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) to a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) and humans in an Australian zoo." Epidemiology and Infection 141, no. 7 (March 28, 2013): 1488–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026881300068x.

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SUMMARYMycobacterium tuberculosisis primarily a pathogen of humans. Infections have been reported in animal species and it is emerging as a significant disease of elephants in the care of humans. With the close association between humans and animals, transmission can occur. In November 2010, a clinically healthy Asian elephant in an Australian zoo was found to be sheddingM. tuberculosis; in September 2011, a sick chimpanzee at the same zoo was diagnosed with tuberculosis caused by an indistinguishable strain ofM. tuberculosis.Investigations included staff and animal screening. Four staff had tuberculin skin test conversions associated with spending at least 10 hours within the elephant enclosure; none had disease. Six chimpanzees had suspected infection. A pathway of transmission between the animals could not be confirmed. Tuberculosis in an elephant can be transmissible to people in close contact and to other animals more remotely. The mechanism for transmission from elephants requires further investigation.
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11

Chugh, IB, and GK Khuller. "Immunoprotective behaviour of liposome entrapped cell wall subunit of Mycobacterium tuberculosis against experimental tuberculous infection in mice." European Respiratory Journal 6, no. 6 (June 1, 1993): 811–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.06060811.

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We wanted to determine the immunoprotective behaviour of cell wall protein peptidoglycan complex (CW-PPC) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra, using liposomes as adjuvant, in an experimental animal model. Immunization of mice with CW-PPC entrapped in liposomes induced both humoral response, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and cell-mediated immune responses, as seen by delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and leucocyte migration inhibition (LMI) techniques. Ten days after complete immunization, the animals were challenged with median lethal dose (LD50) of M. tuberculosis H37Rv. The animals exhibited significant protection, as evident by 72% survival after 30 days of infection, compared to 38% survival in control animals. Protective effect of immunization with liposome entrapped CW-PPC was further substantiated by significant decrease in the number of viable bacilli in lungs, liver and spleen of immunized animals, as compared to control animals. These results indicate that immunization with liposome-entrapped mycobacterial cell wall protein peptidoglycan complex induces protection against experimental tuberculosis.
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12

Khairullah, Aswin, Ikechukwu Moses, Muhammad Kusala, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Siti Ayuti, Fedik Rantam, Ima Fauziah, et al. "Unveiling insights into bovine tuberculosis: A comprehensive review." Open Veterinary Journal 14, no. 6 (2024): 1330. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i6.2.

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The frequent zoonotic disease known as "bovine tuberculosis" is brought on by the Mycobacterium bovis bacteria, which can infect both people and animals. The aim of this review article is to provide an explanation of the etiology, history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, transmission, risk factors, public health importance, economic impact, treatment, and control of bovine tuberculosis. Primarily, bovine tuberculosis affects cattle, but other animals may also be affected. Bovine tuberculosis is present throughout the world, with the exception of Antarctica. Cattle that contract bovine tuberculosis might suffer from a persistent, crippling illness. In the early stages of the disease, there are no symptoms. The tuberculin test is the primary method for detecting bovine tuberculosis in cows. Depending on its localized site in the infected animal, M. bovis can be found in respiratory secretions, milk, urine, faeces, vaginal secretions, semen, feces, and exudates from lesions (such as lymph node drainage and some skin lesions). This illness generally lowers cattle productivity and could have a negative financial impact on the livestock business, particularly the dairy industry. The most effective first-line anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy consists of isoniazid, ethambutol, rifampin, and streptomycin. Second line drugs used against bovine tuberculosis include ethionamide, capreomycin, thioacetazone, and cycloserine. To successfully control and eradicate bovine tuberculosis, developed nations have implemented routine testing and culling of infected animals under national mandatory programs.
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13

Afanaseva, Faina M., Dariko A. Niauri, Tatiana I. Vinogradova, Igor Yu Kogan, Natalya I. Tapilskaya, Lyailya Kh Dzhemlikhanova, Julian R. Ryzhov, and Alexander M. Gzgzyan. "Mesenchymal stromal cells application for experimental genital tuberculosis combination therapy." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 71, no. 2 (April 15, 2022): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd84506.

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BACKGROUND: Cell therapy is a promising trend in treating characterized by inflammation and sclerosis diseases such as genital tuberculosis, marked by pelvic inflammatory disease and uterine tube occlusion. AIM: Efficacy evaluation of combined mesenchymal stem cells and specific polychemotherapy treatment of the experimental genital tuberculosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chinchilla rabbits (n = 27) were divided on 4 groups. Group 1 (n = 6) comprised control group, healthy animals. Group 2 (n = 7) infected with genital tuberculosis, without treatment. Group 3 (n = 7) infected with genital tuberculosis, treated with anti-tuberculous drugs only. Group 4 (n = 7) infected with genital tuberculosis, treated with anti-tuberculous drugs and mesenchymal stem cells. Culture of M. tuberculosis Erdman in dose 107 CFU/0.2 ml was injected under the left uterine tube serosa for the genital tuberculosis modelling. For treatment efficacy evaluation following tests were used: full blood count, blood chemistry, hysterosalpingography, diagnostic laparoscopy, peritoneal macrophage phagocytic activity assessment. RESULTS: Infected with genital tuberculosis animals had leukocytosis, elevated C-reactive protein, swelled and occluded uterine tubes. Treated with anti-tuberculous drugs and mesenchymal stem cells rabbits had lower white blood cell count (8.18 1.39 109/L vs 9.32 1.36 109/L, р 0.05) and C-reactive protein (1.1 0.8 mg/L vs 2.2 1.2 mg/L, р 0.01) compared to animal treated with anti-tuberculous drugs only. Animals in group 4 had also increased peritoneal macrophage phagocytic activity. Treated with mesenchymal stem cells animals had unobstructed uterine tubes, stabilized adhesive process within small pelvis with reparative process prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: Mesenchymal stem cells combined with anti-tuberculous drugs therapy favors reparative process in uterine tubes in genital tuberculosis.
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14

Shirima Sabini, Theresia, Jacob Ismail Irunde, and Dmitry Kuznetsov. "Modeling the Transmission Dynamics of Bovine Tuberculosis." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2020 (March 30, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7424075.

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Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a bacterial and zoonotic disease which is transmitted through consumption of unpasteurized milk and uncooked meat and inhalation of aerosols. In this paper, a deterministic mathematical model is formulated to study the transmission dynamics of bTB in humans and animals. The basic reproduction number R0 is computed to determine the behavior of the disease. Stability analysis shows that there is a possibility for disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium to coexist when R0 = 1. To determine parameters which drive the dynamics of bTB, we performed sensitivity analysis. The analysis shows that the rate at which dairy products are produced, the rate of transmission of bTB from animal to animal, and the rates at which human acquires bTB from infectious dairy products and animals drive the transmission of bTB. However, the disease decreases as the rate of consumption of dairy products decreases. To control bTB, education campaign, inspection of dairy products, treatment of infected humans, and quarantine of infected animals are recommended.
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15

Cadmus, S., V. Oluwatoyin Akinseye, and D. van Soolingen. "Mycobacterium bovis in humans and M. tuberculosis in animals in Nigeria: an overview from 1975–2014." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 23, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 1162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.18.0641.

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Zoonotic transmission of mycobacteria between humans and other animal species is an important aspect of the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) in regions of the world where the burden of the disease in humans and other animals is high. This is particularly important in areas in which sociocultural factors increase the possibility for interspecies transmission of different mycobacteria. Carrying out a review of the published literature involving laboratory-confirmed TB cases (by culture) and/or biochemical and molecular identification, we described the presence of Mycobacterium bovis and M. tuberculosis infections in humans and animals from 1975 to 2014. Overall, 1693 isolates of M. tuberculosis complex and other mycobacteria were identified and reported, of which 1131 represented M. tuberculosis, 286 represented M. bovis, 71 represented M. africanum, and 205 represented other mycobacteria. Importantly, 1.3% (15/1131) of the M. tuberculosis isolates reported were identified in cattle, while 8.0% (23/286) of the M. bovis isolates reported were isolated from humans. We suggest that representative sampling of TB cases in both hosts, studied by molecular identification tools, will help significantly in deciphering ongoing transmission between animals and humans in both directions and will enhance TB control in Nigeria.
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16

Dahiru, M. H., S. N. A. Saidu, L. B. Tekdek, H. U. Buhari, B. Y. Kaltungo, M. Babashani, and A. Y. Baba. "Knowledge, attitude and practices of small ruminant butchers on tuberculosis in selected areas of Katsina State, Nigeria." Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences 21, no. 1 (June 13, 2023): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v21i1.3.

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A questionnaire survey was conducted on the knowledge, attitude and practices of butchers on tuberculosis in small ruminants in selected areas of Katsina State, Nigeria. All respondents had some level of formal education. Animals slaughtered included cattle (18.0%), sheep (34.0%), goats (53.0%) and camels (4.0%). Animals were slaughtered in the countryside (23.0%), within the village (24.0%) and in community areas (57.0%). The butchers knew small ruminants could acquire tuberculosis and that tuberculosis could infect humans along with its signs and modes of transmission in animals and humans. Eighteen percent knew small ruminants could acquire tuberculosis from humans while 80.0% knew humans could acquire tuberculosis from animals. Thirty percent of respondents knew people with tuberculosis, while 10.0% each reported their family members having tuberculosis and living with tuberculosis-infected persons respectively. The butchers handled their tuberculosis-infected animals by taking such animals to Veterinary Clinic (52.0%), selling (21.0%) or leaving them in the flock (15.0%). The butchers reported socializing at night with friends (44.0%), brothers (14.0%), sisters (8.0%) and wives (34.0%). The butchers allowed dogs into the slaughter facilities and this was highly significant. Some of the butchers (62.0%) accepted childhood vaccination which included BCG (40.0%), Polio (28.0%) and Measles (27.0%). The study concluded that the butchers were aware of tuberculosis in both humans and animals, the signs and symptoms of the disease as well as its mode of transmission. The study has demonstrated poor attitudes and practices among the butchers about tuberculosis. The study recommends the need for greater education of butchers to enhance better practices and attitudes towards the disease to control it in themselves and the public they serve.
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Kukuh Judy Handojo, Rosida,. "POTENSI EKSTRAK KENCUR (Kaemferia galanga L.) SEBAGAI IMUNOMODULATOR PADA TIKUS MODEL YANG TERINFEKSI Mycobacterium tuberculosis." JURNAL ILMIAH FARMASI AKADEMI FARMASI JEMBER 3, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53864/jifakfar.v3i1.37.

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Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis can infect anyone in the patient's environment. Someone with good body immunity conditions will avoid tuberculosis. Increased immunity for tuberculosis sufferers is very important. The active substances contained in plants such as flavonoids and essential oils are important components in supporting the body's immunity. One plant that contains flavonoids and essential oils is kencur (Kaemferia galanga L.). This study aims to prove the potential of kencur extract as an immunomodulator in model rat infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This study was a laboratory experiment using the kencur extract (EK) and samples of rats as a model. The sample used was 30 animals which were divided into 6 groups. Group 1 was a healthy animal (Normal). Groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were treatment groups consisting of sick animals given placebo treatment (control), rifampicin (R), EK (Kencur Extract) and CRK (Mixture of Rifampicin and Kencur). Group 6 was a normal group given EK then infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (NK). Modeling was done by infecting experimental animals using Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The infection was 30 days and the treatment was 21 days. The parameters in this study were leukocytes and Laju Endap Darah (LED). The results of the kencur extract phytochemical screening study showed the presence of flavonoids. The results of the treatment showed that differences in the number of Leukocytes and LEDs between the control group and the treatment (sig 0.05). These results indicate that kencur extract has the potential as an immunomodulator.Keywords : Kaemferia galanga, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, imunomodulator
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Tazerart, Fatah, Jamal Saad, Naima Sahraoui, Djamel Yala, Abdellatif Niar, and Michel Drancourt. "Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of Mycobacterium bovis Cattle Isolates, Algeria." Pathogens 10, no. 7 (June 24, 2021): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10070802.

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Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), a Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex species responsible for tuberculosis in cattle and zoonotic tuberculosis in humans, is present in Algeria. In Algeria however, the M. bovis population structure is unknown, limiting understanding of the sources and transmission of bovine tuberculosis. In this study, we identified the whole genome sequence (WGS) of 13 M. bovis strains isolated from animals exhibiting lesions compatible with tuberculosis, which were slaughtered and inspected in five slaughterhouses in Algeria. We found that six isolates were grouped together with reference clinical strains of M. bovis genotype-Unknown2. One isolate was related to M. bovis genotype-Unknown7, one isolate was related to M. bovis genotype-Unknown4, three isolates belonged to M. bovis genotype-Europe 2 and there was one new clone for two M. bovis isolates. Two isolates from Blida exhibited no pairwise differences in single nucleotide polymorphisms. None of these 13 isolates were closely related to four zoonotic M. bovis isolates previously characterized in Algeria. In Algeria, the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in cattle is partly driven by cross border movements of animals and animal products.
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I B Cadmus, S., N. N Atsanda, S. O Oni, and E. E U Akang. "Bovine tuberculosis in one cattle herd in Ibadan in Nigeria." Veterinární Medicína 49, No. 11 (March 29, 2012): 406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5730-vetmed.

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Bovine tuberculosis was investigated in one private herd with 171 cattle after five cases were suspected to be tuberculous following post mortem examination. Using the intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin test 18 (10.5%) animals (ages from 2 to 12 years) were positive: 11 animals of N&rsquo;dama breed and seven animals of White&nbsp;Fulani (i.e. Bunaji) breed; 17 female and one male animal. In all 11 randomly selected positive reactors, a spectrum of tuberculous lesions affecting the lungs, spleen, heart, liver, and the lymph nodes were observed. All the smear samples obtained were positive for acid-fast bacilli; cultural isolation confirmed the growth of mycobacteria on pyruvate-enriched Loewenstein-Jensen medium, which were identified by molecular typing to be Mycobacterium bovis. This study demonstrates widespread infection in this cattle herd and potential risk of infection for the human population with M. bovis.
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Pušić, Ivan, Dušan Lalošević, Dejan Bugarski, Jasna Prodanov, Živoslav Grgić, Miroslav Urošević, and Diana Lupulović. "EPIZOOTIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS IN SOUTH BAČKA REGION." Archives of Veterinary Medicine 2, no. 1 (June 29, 2009): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v2i1.212.

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Bovine tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis is a chronicle, infective disease associated with formation of specific inflammatory granulomas. Infection usually remains subclinical for a long period, but even when the clinical are present, they are not pathognomic. Bovine tuberculosis can spread to humans through inhalation of infectious droplets and by ingestion of raw milk, and on the rare occasion through consumption of meat products. Since the disease remains a great economic concern for cattle production operations and due to its zoonotic nature, most of the countries initiated a program for the control and eradication of tuberculosis in domestic animals. In South Baåka region (SBD) three tuberculous foci were detected on the territory of Žabalj, Novi Sad and Titel municipality. The first 11 reactors were detected in the year 2004 during the diagnostic examination that was conducted according to the Program of Measures for infectious disease survaillance. The number of animals with a positive reaction to the intradermal tuberculin test was 113, 54 and 142, in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The diagnosis was further confirmed by gama-interferon test, gross pathology and histopathological examination, and definitively confirmed by M. bovis isolation from the lymph node and lung lesions. The number of estimated tuberculin reactors was 320, located in six settlements and 37 husbandries. The percent of infected animals in some herds ranged from 11.10 to 59.18%. The objective of this investigation was to determine the routes of infection and to identify risk factors that contributed to the tuberculosis breakdown in the tuberculous hot spots. An epizootiological evaluation revealed that the high herd prevalence and high animal incidence of bovine TBC in South Baåka region was associated with the following factors: lack of TBC diagnosis in pastured animals in swampy areas for a long period, grazing areas are often flooded resulting in bad quality fodder and cattle malnutrition, presence of other domestic animals on the pastures, co-mingling of animals from different herds is frequent, common water through, presence of different wild animal species on pasture (as a potential reservoir of the disease), uncontrolled movement and illegal trade of infected animals, natural breeding as well as overpopulation in the sheds during winter housing.
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Ferreira Neto, José Soares, Regina Gonçalves Barbosa, Fernando Ferreira, Marcos Amaku, Ricardo Augusto Dias, José Henrique Hildebrand Grisi-Filho, Vitor Salvador Picão Gonçalves, Oswaldo Santos Baquero, Saulo de Tarso Zacarias Machado, and Evelise Oliveira Telles. "Epidemiological situation of bovine tuberculosis in the state of Tocantins, Brazil." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 42, no. 3Supl1 (April 22, 2021): 1673–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n3supl1p1673.

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The epidemiological situation of bovine tuberculosis was studied from October 2014 to August 2015 in the state of Tocantins, a traditional beef exporter. The state was divided into five regions and the farms were randomly selected in each region. A predetermined number of animals was randomly selected and diagnosed using the Comparative Cervical Tuberculin Test. A total of 11,926 animals from 757 farms were tested. Animals with inconclusive test results were retested with the same diagnostic procedure at least 60 days later. The prevalence of infected herds in the state was 0.16% [0.02-1.15] and the prevalence of infected animals 0.009% [0.001-0.063]. Only one positive animal was detected in the Araguaína region. The state of Tocantins has a very low prevalence of bovine tuberculosis and, therefore, should evaluate the need of structuring a surveillance system to eradicate the disease.
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22

Jovanovic, Milijan, and Milijana Knezevic. "Para tuberculosis (Johnes disease): Basic characteristics and current situation locally." Veterinarski glasnik 59, no. 5-6 (2005): 507–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl0506507j.

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Para tuberculosis or Johne's Disease, is a disease of the digestive tract of animals caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies Para tuberculosis (M. a. Para tuberculosis). Para tuberculosis has been registered in many countries and it today presents one of the most widely-spread bacterial diseases in ruminants that causes severe economic damages. In our country, Para tuberculosis has not been studied extensively. The disease was registered for the first time in Serbia in 1995 in an isolated herd of sheep of the II-de-France breed, and serologically positive cattle were determined in 2001. Infection with M.a. Para tuberculosis occurs mostly in young animals which are the most sensitive to infection. The main source of infection is the feces of diseased animals. Furthermore, colostrums and milk of diseased animals can contain micro bacteria, and there is a possibility also of intra-uterine infection. A long period of incubation, a chronic course, and not always clear clinical picture render diagnosis of Para tuberculosis very complex, in spite of the existence of numerous diagnostic methods. There are a number of serological tests with which it is possible to detect antibodies against M.a. Para tuberculosis in infected animals. The most frequently used are complement binding reaction (CBR), the agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID), and the immunioenzyme test (ELISA). The isolation of causes or parts of their genome, present important methods in the diagnosis of Para tuberculosis. Pieces of tissue obtained through autopsies or biopsies, feces or milk samples, can serve as material for isolation. A diagnosis of Para tuberculosis for dead or sacrificed animals is made on the grounds of path anatomical or path histological findings. Para tuberculosis of ruminants has certain similarities with Crohn's Disease in humans, from the clinical, morphological, and etiological aspects.
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Korniienko, L. Y., A. V. Pyskun, V. V. Ukhovskyi, M. S. Karpulenko, O. A. Moroz, O. O. Pyskun, T. M. Tsarenko, and G. B. Aliekseieva. "Retrospective analysis of the control and prevention of tuberculosis among cattle in Ukraine in the period 1994–2020." Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 12, no. 2 (May 8, 2021): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/022140.

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Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) – is a chronic infectious disease, the causative agent of which affects many species of mammals. It is a zoonosis caused by various types of mycobacteria in the complex Mycobacterium tuberculosis family Mycobacteriaceae. The most important etiological agent of bTB in cattle is M. bovis, which has been isolated from tuberculosis infected cattle for centuries. Livestock and species of the Bovidae family are the most susceptible to this pathogen and are the main reservoir species for animals and humans. In Ukraine, the main methods of diagnosing tuberculosis in animal husbandry are lifetime (clinical examination, allergic intradermal test with tuberculin), and postmortem techniques (pathological changes, bacteriological investigation). The authors performed a retrospective analysis of the epizootic situation of tuberculosis among cattle in Ukraine for the period 1994–2020 and conducted a critical assessment of the work done to prevent and control this disease. In total, over the last 27 years, 219 088 head of cattle with tuberculosis and 933 affected locations have been identified in Ukraine. The results of this work showed that in our country the epizootic situation of bovine tuberculosis on farms of various forms of ownership is fully controlled. The most active fight against tuberculosis was carried out during 1995–2015. In 1994–1997, the largest number of affected locations was registered, from 90 to 144, respectively, and the largest number of animals with tuberculosis – 21 395–33 474. In 1994–1995, the largest number of sick animals per one affected point was registered (371.9 and 471.7 head, respectively). Currently, official statistics show that many farms, especially in Vinnytska, Cherkaska and Kyivska regions, continue to show positive allergic reactions to tuberculin (46 898 reactions for the last 12 years). Applying diagnostic methods of research in complex (bacteriological, bioassay, molecular), excludes affection of cattle by pathogenic mycobacteria. This study showed that for the last 5 years no farms with confirmed pathological diagnosis by bacteriological methods have been registered and no culture of the pathogen from animals has been detected. Besides the scurpulous work of the veterinary service, in our opinion, the catastrophic decline in the number of cattle in Ukraine also had a significant impact on improving the epizootic situation regarding tuberculosis.
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Gong, Wenping, Yan Liang, and Xueqiong Wu. "Animal Models of Tuberculosis Vaccine Research: An Important Component in the Fight against Tuberculosis." BioMed Research International 2020 (January 8, 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4263079.

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Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is one of the top ten infectious diseases worldwide, and is the leading cause of morbidity from a single infectious agent. M. tuberculosis can cause infection in several species of animals in addition to humans as the natural hosts. Although animal models of TB disease cannot completely simulate the occurrence and development of human TB, they play an important role in studying the pathogenesis, immune responses, and pathological changes as well as for vaccine research. This review summarizes the commonly employed animal models, including mouse, guinea pig, rabbit, rat, goat, cattle, and nonhuman primates, and their characteristics as used in TB vaccine research, and provides a basis for selecting appropriate animal models according to specific research needs. Furthermore, some of the newest animal models used for TB vaccine research (such as humanized animal models, zebrafish, Drosophila, and amoeba) are introduced, and their characteristics and research progress are discussed.
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Kumar, Rajnish, Parminder Jit Kaur, G. K. Khuller, and Indu Verma. "Immunogenicity Studies with Microbial Fractions of M. tuberculosis H37Rv Total Culture Filtrate." International Journal of Biology 8, no. 1 (November 16, 2015): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v8n1p48.

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<p class="1Body">Current study investigates the whole secretory proteome of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> as culture filtrate fractions to identify immunoprotective protein antigens on the basis of protection studies in animal (mouse and guinea pig) models. Secretory culture filtrate proteins (CFPs) of <em>M. tuberculosis</em> H<sub>37</sub>Rv were fractionated into fifteen narrow molecular mass fractions in the order of increasing molecular size (F1-F15) by electroelution. Immunization studies revealed proteins in the molecular weight range of 20-24kDa (F7), 25-30kDa (F8) and 37-42kDa (F11) as key protective fractions against experimental tuberculosis in both the animal (mice and guinea pig) models. Amongst these fractions, F7 imparted even better protection as compared to BCG. Immunological studies with all the fractions demonstrated that although selected three protective fractions were able to induce significant immune responses in both short term culture filtrate (STCF) immunized and Mtb infected animals, there were number of other non-protective fractions also that were inducing higher immune responses either in immunized animals (e.g.F12-F15) or in Mtb challenged animals (e.g.F1-F6). These results demonstrate that only those mycobacterial proteins that are recognized by the host immune system both during immunization and infection can induce significant protection against experimental tuberculosis, however there is no direct correlation between the level of immune responses and degree of protective efficacy.</p>
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Anusz, Krzysztof, Blanka Orłowska, Monika Krajewska-Wędzina, Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć, Michał Krzysiak, Wojciech Bielecki, Lucjan Witkowski, Mirosław Welz, and Jerzy Kita. "Ante-mortem and post-mortem tuberculosis diagnostics in three European Bison from the enclosure in Bukowiec in the Bieszczady National Park in Poland." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 73, no. 10 (2017): 642–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.5786.

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The ante-mortem diagnostics of tuberculosis in wildlife constitutes a major problem due to the difficulties in collecting samples for examination. Therefore, tuberculosis in free-living animals is usually diagnosed post mortem. Ante-mortem examinations for bovine tuberculosis (BTB) were conducted in three European bison living in an acclimatisation enclosure in Bukowiec in the Bieszczady National Park in Poland. The reason for performing these examinations was the documented contact between the aforementioned animals and tuberculous European bison from a free-living herd present in the area. The three European bison were pharmacologically immobilised. Next, their blood samples were collected for immunological studies (interferon-gamma release assays), complete blood count and blood biochemistry tests. Moreover, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from the lower respiratory tract, two nasal cavity swabs and one throat swab were taken from each animal. Tuberculin testing was also performed. The findings of all these examinations indicated the possible infection of the European bison with the tubercle bacillus. Ultimately, the decision was taken to euthanize the animals.
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Rodrigues, Rudielle A., Ingrid I. F. S. Meneses, Klaudia S. G. Jorge, Márcio R. Silva, Lenita R. Santos, Walter Lilenbaum, Rodrigo N. Etges, and Flábio R. Araújo. "False-negative reactions to the comparative intradermal tuberculin test for bovine tuberculosis." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 37, no. 12 (December 2017): 1380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2017001200004.

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ABSTRACT: According to the Brazilian National Program for the Control and Eradication of Animal Brucellosis and Tuberculosis (PNCEBT), the routine tests for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in the country are the simple intradermal tuberculin test (SITT) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA), the caudal fold test and the comparative intradermal tuberculin test (CITT). The latter is also used as a confirmatory test. A group of 53 animals from three dairy herds in a focal area for bovine tuberculosis, that were submitted to depopulation in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, were submitted to the CITT. Tissues were cultured and the resulting colonies were confirmed by PCR and DNA sequencing. Among the 53 animals analyzed using the CITT, 32 (60.4%) were negative, 14 (26.4%) were positive and seven (13.2%) results were inconclusive. The CITT detected 11 of the 39 animals with culture-confirmed M. bovis infection as positive. Among the total of 14 uninfected animals based on cultures, the CBT detected eight as negative. Thus, the CITT demonstrated sensitivity of 28.2% and specificity of 57.1% for the population sampled. A total of 24/32 (75.0%) of the animals with negative CITT results were culture positive (confirmed by PCR) and were considered false negatives based on the CITT. The maintenance of these false-negative animals in herds has serious implications for the control of the disease, since they can be a source of infection. The addition of complementary tests could help identify such animals and increase the odds of diagnostic success.
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BAKER, M. G., L. D. LOPEZ, M. C. CANNON, G. W. DE LISLE, and D. M. COLLINS. "Continuing Mycobacterium bovis transmission from animals to humans in New Zealand." Epidemiology and Infection 134, no. 5 (March 29, 2006): 1068–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268806005930.

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New Zealand has a large reservoir of Mycobacterium bovis infection in wild and farmed animals. This study aimed to assess the extent of human infection with this organism and the potential contribution of these animal sources. Combined epidemiological and laboratory investigation of human tuberculosis cases over the period 1995–2002 showed that M. bovis accounted for 2·7% (54/1997) of laboratory-confirmed human tuberculosis cases, a rate of 0·2/100000 population. M. bovis isolates from humans (23) were typed using restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) and compared with isolates from wild and domestic animals (2600). Fourteen (61%) of the human isolates had REA patterns that were identical to patterns for isolates from cattle, deer, possums, ferrets, pigs, and occasionally cats. These results suggest a low level of ongoing M. bovis transmission from animal reservoirs to humans in New Zealand.
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Harth, Günter, and Marcus A. Horwitz. "Inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Glutamine Synthetase as a Novel Antibiotic Strategy against Tuberculosis: Demonstration of Efficacy In Vivo." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 1 (January 2003): 456–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.1.456-464.2003.

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ABSTRACT Tuberculosis remains one of humankind's greatest killers, and new therapeutic strategies are needed to combat the causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is rapidly developing resistance to conventional antibiotics. Using the highly demanding guinea pig model of pulmonary tuberculosis, we have investigated the feasibility of inhibiting M. tuberculosis glutamine synthetase (GS), an enzyme that plays a key role in both nitrogen metabolism and cell wall biosynthesis, as a novel antibiotic strategy. In guinea pigs challenged by aerosol with the highly virulent Erdman strain of M. tuberculosis, the GS inhibitor l-methionine-SR-sulfoximine (MSO) protected the animals against weight loss, a hallmark of tuberculosis, and against the growth of M. tuberculosis in the lungs and spleen; MSO reduced the CFU of M. tuberculosis at 10 weeks after challenge by ∼0.7 log unit compared with that in control animals. MSO acted synergistically with isoniazid in protecting animals against weight loss and bacterial growth, reducing the CFU in the lungs and spleen by ∼1.5 log units below the level seen with isoniazid alone. In the presence of ascorbate, which allows treatment with a higher dose, MSO was highly efficacious, reducing the CFU in the lungs and spleen by 2.5 log units compared with that in control animals. This study demonstrates that inhibition of M. tuberculosis GS is a feasible therapeutic strategy against this pathogen and supports the concept that M. tuberculosis enzymes involved in cell wall biosynthesis, including major secretory proteins, have potential as antibiotic targets.
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Barcelos, Flávio Gomes, Taís Ramalho dos Anjos, Leila Auxiliadora de Arruda Alencar, Vinicius Silva Castro, Adelino Cunha-Neto, Fernanda Tavares Carvalho, Mariano Martinez Espinosa, Ricardo Cesar Tavares Carvalho, and Eduardo Eustáquio de Souza Figueiredo. "Risk factors associated with the presence of Mycobacterium bovis in macroscopic lesions suspected as being caused by bovine tuberculosis detected in slaughterhouses." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 43, no. 2 (February 25, 2022): 713–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n2p713.

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Mycobacterium bovis is a bacterium belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex that causes tuberculosis in cattle and in other domestic and wild animals, as well as in humans. Disease control measures are carried out by slaughtering animals tested positive in the intradermal tuberculinization test and sanitation of their original living spaces, in addition to epidemiological surveillance carried out through the sanitary inspection of bovine carcasses in slaughterhouses. In the latter, official inspection services collect samples from macroscopic lesions suspected of bovine tuberculosis, which are then sent for laboratory analysis. Knowledge concerning the variables associated with the occurrence of M. bovis can aid in decision-making regarding control and disease eradication efforts. In this context, the aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for a positive M. bovis diagnosis in suspected bovine tuberculosis lesions obtained during epidemiological surveillance activities in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. A total of 105 suspicious lesions were analyzed using the Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (nested q-PCR) method, of which 14 (13.33%) tested positive for M. bovis. Univariate and bivariate statistical analyses indicated that the variable “animal slaughter” was the only risk factor presenting statistical significance associated with the diagnosis of M. bovis (p < 0.05), demonstrating that macroscopic lesions suspected as being caused by bovine tuberculosis from animals with an in vivo diagnosis were 2.82 - fold more likely to result in a positive M. bovis diagnosis by molecular tests.
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Krajewska-Wędzina, Monika, Monika Kozińska, Blanka Orłowska, Marcin Weiner, Krzysztof Szulowski, Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć, Krzysztof Anusz, and Noel H. Smith. "Molecular characterisation of Mycobacterium caprae strains isolated in Poland." Veterinary Record 182, no. 10 (December 6, 2017): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.104363.

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Bovine tuberculosis (bovine TB, bTB) is caused by bovine bacilli: Mycobacterium bovis and M caprae. The studies conducted in Poland, in the National Bovine Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory in the Department of Microbiology of the National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy, show that animal tuberculosis in Poland is also caused by M caprae. We here describe the identification and genotypic assessment of 52 isolates of M caprae obtained from Polish cattle and wild animals over the last five years. We show that strains isolated from bison have significant genotypic diversity and are distinct compared with the genotypes of strains isolated from cattle. Similarly, isolates from cattle herds can be highly genotypically variable. Formal designation of the members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex is controversial in Poland; there is a gap in veterinary legislation with regard to bTB and no explicit mention of M caprae causing tuberculosis in animal.
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WELZ, MIROSŁAW, PRZEMYSŁAW ŁOŚ, RENATA KONDRAT, BLANKA ORŁOWSKA, ANNA DIDKOWSKA, and KRZYSZTOF ANUSZ. "Combating tuberculosis in European bison in the Bieszczady Mountains - administrative aspect." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 79, no. 04 (2023): 6756–2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6756.

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Tuberculosis in animals is an infectious and contagious disease, caused by acid-fast bacilli of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. The disease has been confirmed in Poland in farm and wild animals. Among the latter the largest number of cases was diagnosed in free-ranging European bison in the Bieszczady Mountains. The disease has also been present there since 2013 in the wild boar population. From April 21, 2021, in accordance with EU Regulation 2016/429, tuberculosis in European bison is a disease that is subject to mandatory eradication in all EU Member States. In Poland and in most EU countries where free-ranging European bison herds exist, no strategy has yet been developed to combat tuberculosis outbreaks in this species. To date, in Podkarpackie Voivodship eradication measures of bison tuberculosis have been undertaken in a framework of interdisciplinary cooperation of employees of the State Forests and the Veterinary Inspection, supported by representatives of the sciences. The article presents the legal status and the administrative aspects of the issue, as well as experiences and practical solutions of tuberculosis eradication in free-living European bison herds which have proven themselves in field conditions. The conclusions regarding an eradication strategy and the needs of tuberculosis monitoring are also presented in this article, which, apart from wild bison herds, takes into account other wild animal species and farm cattle from areas and buffer zones of bison herds infected with tuberculosis.
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Nuratinov, R. A., N. Kh Mesrobyan, E. A. Verdieva, and A. A. Sultanov. "SOCIO-HYGIENIC IMPORTANCE OF TUBERCULOSIS OF ANIMALS." South of Russia: ecology, development, no. 4 (November 16, 2014): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2012-4-129-133.

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Behr, Marcel A., and Stephen V. Gordon. "Why doesn’t Mycobacterium tuberculosis spread in animals?" Trends in Microbiology 23, no. 1 (January 2015): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2014.11.001.

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35

Pavlik, I., W. Yayo Ayele, I. Parmova, I. Melicharek, M. Hanzlikova, M. Svejnochova, B. Körmendy, et al. "Mycobacterium tuberculosis in animal and human populations in six Central European countries during 1990–1999." Veterinární Medicína 48, No. 4 (March 30, 2012): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5754-vetmed.

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Results of Mycobacterium tuberculosis detection in animals from six Central European countries (Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia) spreading over 610&nbsp;402&nbsp;km<sup>2 </sup>with a population of 11.8&nbsp;million heads of cattle were analysed. In the monitoring period, 1990 to 1999, M.&nbsp;tuberculosis from animals was isolated only in two countries (Poland and Slovak Republic) from 16 animals with tuberculous lesions. These comprise nine heads of cattle (Bos taurus), four domestic pigs (Sus scrofa f. domestica) and three wild animals, an African elephant (Loxodonta africana), agouti (Dasyprocta aguti) and terrestrial tapir (Tapirus terrestris), originated form a zoological garden Gdansk in Poland. Steady decrease in the incidence of tuberculosis in humans was recorded during the monitoring period in all countries. The human population of the study countries was 68.03&nbsp;million. In the period monitored, infection caused by M.&nbsp;tuberculosis was identified in a total of 241&nbsp;040 patients with a decreasing incidence of tuberculosis found in all countries. The lowest relative bacteriologically confirmed disease was found in theCzechRepublic,SlovakRepublic andSlovenia. Given the low number of infected domestic and wild animals, the epidemiological and epizootiological situation may be considered auspicious.
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36

Baratov, M. O. "Problems and prospects of bovine tuberculosis serological diagnosis." Veterinary Science Today 1, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29326/2304-196x-2021-1-36-33-37.

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For the purposes of tuberculosis eradication on any tuberculosis-infected farm, it is necessary to identify tuberculin anergic animals, being a potential source of the infection. The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of complement fixing and haemagglutinating antibodies for the detection cattle infected with bovine tuberculosis (TB). 977 cattle of different sex and age groups on two tuberculosis-infected farms were tested thrice over time. After 35 days all tuberculin reactive cattle (132 animals; 13.5%) were subjected to complex testing using allergy and serology methods. After 40 days, (Stage 3) animals demonstrating apparent specific antibody activity and low cell immunity were tested. Allergy tests were proved to be non-informative to diagnose tuberculosis on infected farms. Complement fixing and haemagglutinating antibodies were found to be active in tuberculin anergic animals. A higher antigenicity of Ukrainian RIEVM TB antigen complex as compared to Siberian RVI one was revealed by complement fixation test as well as by indirect haemagglutination test using VIEV polysaccharide antigen; the detection rate was 68 (7.0%), 28 (2.9%) and 299 (30.6%) respectively. The correlation between seropositivity and immunoreactivity was not established. Animals, positive in complement fixation and indirect haemagglutination tests, did not react to tuberculin. Nineteen out of twenty tuberculin reactive animals showed post mortem lesions, consistent with their seropositivity during post-mortem inspection; moreover, the postmortem lesions of animals, positive in complement fixation test using Siberian RVI antigen, were consistent in all cases. The results obtained suggest a high performance of allergy test and serological test combination and a promising potential of their complex use for tuberculosis diagnosis in cattle.
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Pal, Mahendra, Dinaol Tolawak, and Urgessa Bikila. "Zoonotic Importance of Bovine Tuberculosis in Ethiopia: An Overview." Research in Veterinary Science and Medicine 2 (September 13, 2022): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/rvsm_6_2022.

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Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is an important zoonotic disease that affects both domestic animals as well as humans in many countries of the world. The disease is caused by Mycobacterium bovis, which is responsible for 10–15% of human tuberculosis cases. BTB poses an occupational health hazard to the cattle owners, butchers, animal attendants, and veterinarians. The source of infection is exogenous and the respiratory tract is considered the chief portal of entry of the organism. The mode of spread of bacteria is aerogenous. BTB is endemic in Ethiopia, and it is mostly transmitted to people through the consumption of unpasteurized contaminated milk. Miliary tubercular lesions, chronic cough, blockages of the airways, alimentary system, or blood vessels, and lymph node enlargement are all symptoms of tuberculosis. Single intradermal or comparative intradermal tuberculin tests are useful delayed-type hypersensitivity tools for diagnosing tuberculosis in live animals. It is also employed in tuberculosis eradication programs and international trade activity. Vaccination of calves with an attenuated BTB strain known as Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin, as well as testing and culling, is significant measures in the prevention and control of BTB in endemic areas like Ethiopia. The proper pasteurization of milk before human consumption is a significant measure to reduce the public health risk posed by BTB.
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Waters, W. R., A. O. Whelan, K. P. Lyashchenko, R. Greenwald, M. V. Palmer, B. N. Harris, R. G. Hewinson, and H. M. Vordermeier. "Immune Responses in Cattle Inoculated with Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, or Mycobacterium kansasii." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 17, no. 2 (December 9, 2009): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00442-09.

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ABSTRACT Cattle were inoculated with Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, or Mycobacterium kansasii to compare the antigen-specific immune responses to various patterns of mycobacterial disease. Disease expression ranged from colonization with associated pathology (M. bovis infection) and colonization without pathology (M. tuberculosis infection) to no colonization or pathology (M. kansasii infection). Delayed-type hypersensitivity and gamma interferon responses were elicited by each mycobacterial inoculation; however, the responses by the M. bovis- and M. tuberculosis-inoculated animals exceeded those of the M. kansasii-inoculated animals. Specific antibody responses were detected in all M. tuberculosis- and M. bovis-inoculated cattle 3 weeks after inoculation. From 6 to 16 weeks after M. tuberculosis inoculation, the antibody responses waned, whereas the responses persisted with M. bovis infection. With M. kansasii inoculation, initial early antibody responses waned by 10 weeks after inoculation and then increased 2 weeks after the injection of purified protein derivative for the skin test at 18 weeks after challenge. These findings indicate that antibody responses are associated with the antigen burden rather than the pathology, cellular immune responses to tuberculin correlate with infection but not necessarily with the pathology or bacterial burden, and exposure to mycobacterial antigens may elicit an antibody response in a presensitized animal.
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39

Amanfu, William. "The situation of tuberculosis and tuberculosis control in animals of economic interest." Tuberculosis 86, no. 3-4 (May 2006): 330–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2006.01.007.

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40

Yeremeev, V. V., G. S. Shepelkova, I. V. Dukhovlinov, and V. Ya Gergert. "PROTECTIVE EFFECT INDUCED BY THE NEW SUBUNIT TUBERCULOSIS VACCINE WHEN USED AS A BCG BOOST IS ASSOCIATED WITH INHIBITION OF MYCOBACTERIAL DISSEMINATION." Medical Immunology (Russia) 21, no. 3 (July 13, 2019): 555–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-2019-3-555-558.

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Since 1924, BCG vaccine is used to protect children from the most severe forms of tuberculosis. At the same time, the protective effect of BCG in adults is variable. The potential for revaccination with live vaccine is further limited by the rapid spread of HIV infection. The early-secreted Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins have been used extensively in TB vaccine development, due to their high immunogenicity and have shown protective effect in animal models. The aim of our study was to evaluate the opportunity to increase the anti-TB resistance in experimental animals by re-vaccination with a new subunit vaccine preparation following primary immunization with BCG. To perform such boost vaccination, we used a combination of the Ag85B-TB10.4-FliC chimeric protein, and the plasmid DNA encoding Ag85A antigen. Efficiency of the boost vaccination was evaluated in a model of M. tuberculosis H37Rv aerosol infection of C57BL / 6 laboratory mice, either in the intact animals, or those vaccinated with BCG only, or BCG followed by revaccination with the test vaccine. The data concerning mycobacteria outgrowth from the organs, and life-span of animals after infection were subject to comparative analysis. We have demonstrated that additional boost vaccination with the vaccine under study, as compared with conventional BCG vaccination, leads to further inhibition of mycobacteria dissemination from the site of infection, and significantly prolonged survival of infected animals.
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Capparelli, Rosanna, Francesco De Chiara, Nunzia Nocerino, Chiara Medaglia, Rosa Di Costanzo, Luigi Ramunno, Federico Capuano, Francesco Casalinuovo, Antonio Di Matteo, and Domenico Iannelli. "Heterozygosity at the A625C Polymorphic Site of the MyD88 Gene Is Associated with Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Cattle." Infection and Immunity 81, no. 6 (April 1, 2013): 2139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01398-12.

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ABSTRACTThe study demonstrates that in cattle, animals heterozygous at the MyD88 A625C polymorphic marker have a 5-fold reduced risk for active pulmonary tuberculosis (odds ratio [OR] = 0.19;P= 6 × 10−12). The reduced risk, however, does not extend to animals with latent pulmonary tuberculosis (OR = 0.83;P= 0.40). Heterozygosity at the A625C single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with intermediate levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, gamma interferon, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Accordingly, deficiency as well as overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines or NOS favor tuberculosis, while heterozygosity provides the animals with the optimal level of inflammation.
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42

Trcka, I., J. Lamka, R. Suchy, M. Kopecna, V. Beran, M. Moravkova, A. Horvathova, M. Bartos, I. Parmova, and I. Pavlik. "Mycobacterial infections in European wild boar (Sus scrofa) in the CzechRepublic during the years 2002 to 2005." Veterinární Medicína 51, No. 5 (March 20, 2012): 320–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5552-vetmed.

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A total of 842 wild boar of differing ages, originating from 29 (37.7%) of the 77 districts in the Czech Republic, were examined during the hunting seasons from 2002 to 2005. Of them, 274 (32.5%) of the animals were wild specimens and 568 (67.5%) from game parks. Out of 786 animals, the following were included in the study: 668 piglets, 61 juveniles, 32 adult males and 25 adult females. A total of 2&nbsp;704 samples from various tissues and faeces were examined: 309 separately collected faecal samples from 309 (36.7%) animals, 2&nbsp;332 samples from various tissues and 63 faecal samples from 533 (63.3%) animals. Mycobacteria were isolated from 75 (8.9%) animals from 11 of the districts. Neither a causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, nor any other members of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex were isolated from any of the animals. From one (0.1%) animal, M.&nbsp;avium subsp. paratuberculosis of IS900 RFLP type A-C10 was isolated from intestinal lymph nodes, which was also isolated within the same district during other studies of cattle and free living ruminants. The causative agent of avian tuberculosis, M.&nbsp;a.&nbsp;avium (IS901+ and IS1245+), was isolated from 7 (0.8%) animals; among them tuberculous lesions were detected in intestinal lymph nodes, with gross tuberculous lesions visible on two animals. The causative agent of avian mycobacteriosis M.&nbsp;a.&nbsp;hominissuis (IS901&ndash; and IS1245+) was detected in lymph nodes without gross lesions in one (0.1%) animal. From 45 (5.5%) animals without lesions, atypical mycobacteria of the following nine species were isolated from pulmonary lymph nodes, small and large intestine, intestinal mucosa and faeces: M.&nbsp;fortuitum, M.&nbsp;chelonae, M.&nbsp;scrofulaceum, M.&nbsp;triviale, M.&nbsp;terrae, M.&nbsp;phlei, M.&nbsp;abscessus, M.&nbsp;flavescens, and M.&nbsp;smegmatis. Due to a high density of wild boar and their large migration radius, they can be viewed as a potential source for mycobacterial infections as well as other infectious agents.
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43

Kurtjak, B. M., V. M. Shevchuk, K. B. Suchomlin, O. I. Vishchur, L. M. Solovei, M. S. Romanovich, and O. P. Rudenko. "Peculiarities of epizootological surveillance and control of mycobacteriosis in productive animals in the conditions of dairy farms of Ukraine." Animal Biology 26, no. 1 (March 2024): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/animbiol26.01.017.

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The increase in mycobacteriosis, an infectious disease caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis, has become an urgent issue for humane medicine. The mycobacteriosis of animals is a subject of intense study by veterinary scientists across most countries globally. In Ukraine, the number of farms with productive animals exhibiting paraallergic reactions to tuberculin is steadily rising, making the diagnosis of tuberculosis more complicated. In dairy cattle breeding, this issue also has significant economic implications. The forced slaughter of breeding young stock and high-producing cows is often a consequence. On the other hand, the identification of various non-tuberculous mycobacteria species in human mycobacteriosis patients, which can sensitize the cows, gives the issue of preventing animal mycobacteriosis both medical and social significance. All of the factors mentioned previously led to the decision to permanently retain cows that react positively to tuberculin testing on a dairy farm in the Volyn region, which has historically been free of tuberculosis. A comprehensive study was conducted from 2018 to 2023, utilizing methods of epizootological analysis as well as clinical, pathological, histological, bacteriological, and statistical research techniques. It was shown that an epizootic process, caused by the infection of cattle with non-tuberculosis mycobacteria, is occurring on the dairy farm. Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, M. fortuitum, and Nocardia spp. were isolated and identified from the lymph nodes and lymphoid tissue of the large intestine submucosa in the infected animals. These pathogens cause significant histological and pathological changes, indicating the presence of a clinically covert infectious process accompanied by sensitization of the animal organism. Epizootological analysis of the results from simultaneous allergic testing, as well as multiple bacteriological studies of samples from animals that reacted positively to both purified protein derivate tuberculin and atypical mycobacteria allergens, established that the allergic reactions to tuberculin were paraallergic in nature. This indicated the presence of an active infectious process within the animals’ bodies.
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44

Lin, Philana Ling, Teresa Coleman, Jonathan P. J. Carney, Brian J. Lopresti, Jaime Tomko, Dan Fillmore, Veronique Dartois, et al. "Radiologic Responses in Cynomolgus Macaques for Assessing Tuberculosis Chemotherapy Regimens." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, no. 9 (June 24, 2013): 4237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00277-13.

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ABSTRACTTrials to test new drugs currently in development against tuberculosis in humans are impractical. All animal models to prioritize new regimens are imperfect, but nonhuman primates (NHPs) infected withMycobacterium tuberculosisdevelop active tuberculosis (TB) disease with a full spectrum of lesion types seen in humans. Serial 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-d-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) with computed tomography (CT) imaging was performed on cynomolgus macaques during infection and chemotherapy with individual agents or the four-drug combination therapy most widely used globally. The size and metabolic activity of lung granulomas varied among animals and even within a single animal during development of disease. Individual granulomas within untreated animals had highly local and independent outcomes, some progressing in size and FDG uptake, while others waned, illustrating the highly dynamic nature of active TB. At necropsy, even untreated animals were found to have a proportion of sterile lesions consistent with the dynamics of this infection. A more marked reduction in overall metabolic activity in the lungs (decreased FDG uptake) was associated with effective treatment. A reduction in the size of individual lesions correlated with a lower bacterial burden at necropsy. Isoniazid treatment was associated with a transient increase in metabolic activity in individual lesions, whereas a net reduction occurred in most lesions from rifampin-treated animals. Quadruple-drug therapy resulted in the highest decrease in FDG uptake. The findings of PET-CT imaging may provide an important early correlate of the efficacy of novel combinations of new drugs that can be directly translated to human clinical trials.
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45

JE, Shitaye, B. Getahun, T. Alemayehu, M. Skoric, F. Treml, P. Fictum, V. Vrbas, and I. Pavlik. "A prevalence study of bovine tuberculosis by using abattoir meat inspection and tuberculin skin testing data, histopathological and IS6110PCR examination of tissues with tuberculous lesions in cattle inEthiopia." Veterinární Medicína 51, No. 11 (March 27, 2012): 512–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5585-vetmed.

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Post mortem surveillances, for the detection of tuberculous lesions in particular depend on the work load time and the diligence of the inspector conducting the examination. The first aim of the study was to determine the trend of occurrence of tuberculous lesions in two abattoirs in Addis Ababa and Debre-Zeit (Ethiopia). The second aim of the study was to determine prevalence of the tuberculin skin test results in 10 dairy farm areas in Addis Ababa. The third aim was to detect tuberculous lesions and causal agents from tissue samples of the respiratory tract and mesenteric lymph nodes of the slaughtered cattle. The ten year (1996&ndash;2005) retrospective analysis of the meat inspection of 2&nbsp;455&nbsp;289 slaughtered animals showed that 707 (0.028%) were found with tuberculous lesions in parenchymatous organs of which were 699 (0.052%) of 1&nbsp;336&nbsp;266 cattle, 4 (0.001%) of 534&nbsp;436 sheep, 3&nbsp;(0.001%) of 573&nbsp;767 goats and 1 (0.009%) of 10&nbsp;820 pigs. The tuberculous lesions found in cattle were statistically highly significant (P &lt; 0.01) than in other animals. The bovine tuberculin skin tests were conducted in Addis Ababa in 10 farm areas in 85 dairy farms having 2&nbsp;098 cattle. Positive reactions were obtained from 9 farm areas in 41 (48%) herds which included 392 (19%) of the animals. In a current study, tuberculous lesions were found in 34 (3.5%) animals by the meat inspection surveillance of 984 cattle. Histopathologically, granulomatous inflammation was evident in 3 (8.8%) animals with tuberculous lesions. A highly sensitive PCR (IS6110) was positive in 4 of 34 (11.8%) animals with tuberculous lesions and in 1 (2.9%) of animal without lesions. The analyzed data and these study findings indicated that tuberculosis in cattle is an existing problem inEthiopia which needs to be solved.
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46

Zavgorodniy, A. I., V. V. Bilushko, S. A. Pozmogova, M. V. Kalashnyk, and V. O. Busol. "Problems in the diagnosis of Bovine tuberculosis." Veterinary Medicine: inter-departmental subject scientific collection, no. 109 (September 27, 2023): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36016/vm-2023-109-3.

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The results of comprehensive researches in cattle-breeding farms of Ukraine to determine the epizootic situation of bovine tuberculosis are presented. It is proved that the application of the proposed complex of research methods allows to find out the causes of non-specific allergic reactions to tuberculin in animals with minimal economic losses for agricultural enterprises. It has been established that parallergic reactions to tuberculin in cattle are caused by such mycobacterial species as M. phlei, M. smegmatis, M. nonchromogenicum, and pseudoallergic reactions are caused by nocardia and actinomycetes. The presence of non-specific animal reactions is not a reason to consider animal groups unfavorable for tuberculosis. However, special monitoring for this disease is needed
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47

BORHAM, M., A. OREIBY, A. EL-GEDAWY, Y. HEGAZY, and M. AL-GAABARY. "Tuberculin test errors and its effect on detection of bovine tuberculosis." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 72, no. 4 (January 28, 2022): 3263. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.29357.

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Bovine tuberculosis is an endemic disease in Egypt, a notable gap exists between limited cases identified by single intradermal tuberculin test performed through the national control program and higher detected cases at abattoirs. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate epidemiological situation and causes of the previously mentioned gap in Middle-Delta Region. A total of 25 emergency-slaughtered animals of unknown tuberculosis-status were investigated by cocktail-antigens ELISA and post-mortem examination. Five visible tuberculous-lesion cases were detected and confirmed by PCR, ELISA was sensitive and predictive of the existence of tuberculous-lesions; 4(80%) out of 5 visible-lesion cases were seropositive. True prevalence among the slaughtered animals was 27%. In addition, tuberculin-testing of 400 animals during the national control program was evaluated, many technical and procedural errors were detected, and all animals were negative.Out of them, 55 animals were tested by ELISA before the application of tuberculin test, 30 (54.5%) animals were seropositive. To confirm the effect of the reported errors on reliability of tuberculin test, reference serum of 20 tuberculosis-positive animals that were tested by standard-procedures tuberculin test and their status were confirmed by PCR after slaughtering, were tested by ELISA. A complete matching was evident, the 20 standard-tuberculin positive animals were all seropositive. In conclusion, bovine tuberculosis is endemic at high levels in the study area, reported errors of tuberculin test during national control program may be the cause for missing tuberculosis cases and not tuberculin test itself and finally, a further wide-scale funded study is required to discover the situation throughout Egypt.
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48

Panarella, Matthew, and Sharon Hursh. "A retrospective analysis of the tuberculin skin test reactions of a single source population of Mauritian Macaca fascicularis held in quarantine during 2017." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (April 14, 2022): e0265942. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265942.

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A published range of reactions to the tuberculin skin test (TST) using mammalian (human) old tuberculin (MOT) in a population of Mauritius origin Macaca fascicularis in US laboratory animal medicine does not exist. The objectives of this report are to quantify the reactions among juvenile, adolescent, and male adult cynomolgus macaques and to provide the laboratory animal medicine practitioner with a reference range of reactions to MOT in Mauritian juvenile macaques. Monkeys in a US foreign animal quarantine must be tested negative for mycobacterial infection including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) using MOT as required by the CDC Division of Global Migration and Quarantine. The TST relies on visual observation post injection of an individual animal’s reaction or nonreaction. During 2017, 933 Mauritius origin macaques from one supplier were quarantined in nine separate cohorts in our facility. 848 or > 90% of the animals were juveniles between 1.5 to 3 years of age, comprised of 425 males and 423 females. The population also included 46 adolescents (21 males, 25 females) and 39 adult males. A total of 33 TST sets were performed on the nine cohorts, resulting in 3418 individual TSTs being administered. 1595 (46.6%) injections were made in juvenile males and 1529 (44.7%) in juvenile females. A total of 172 reactions to the TST were recorded at the final assessment completed at the 72-hour post injection time point from all animal ages and sexes. 162 reactions (94.2% of all reactions) occurred in juvenile animals, consisting of 96 bruises (59.3% of all juvenile reactions) in males and 58 bruises (35.8% of all juvenile reactions) in females. Bruising was the most common reaction in juvenile animals and in all animals regardless of age or sex. Bruising occurred within all 33 TST sets ranging from a low of 0% to a high of 30% in male juveniles and a low of 0% to a high of 17% in female juveniles. Bruising was the only finding in the adolescents and adult males. Erythema was observed only in juvenile animals, two males and three females. Generalized eyelid edema was observed only in juvenile animals, one male and one female. These animals had concurrent erythema in the affected eyelid. Animals with generalized eyelid edema and erythema are considered suspect for active tuberculosis and warrant further diagnostics. In this report, the most observed reaction among all age groups and sexes was bruising. Erythema and edema were rarely observed. Only juvenile animals were observed with either erythema, edema or both.
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49

Adji, R. S., H. Nuradji, and R. Dewiyanti. "Tuberculosis Cases Detection And Identification In Deer In Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1174, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1174/1/012019.

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Abstract Tuberculosis is an chronic infectious disease in humans and animals caused by member from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Deer are one of the animals that are susceptible to tuberculosis and as a reservoir of Myocobacterium bovis, but can also be infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One sample each of organs, lungs and lymph nodes from a dead Timor deer (Cervus timorensis) was obtained from a zoo in West Java in 2021. The test was carried out by culture method using modified Ogawa media and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for identification of growing bacteria. The results of culture and PCR of these samples showed positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This is very interesting, because it may be the first identifiable case of tuberculosis in deer in Indonesia.
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50

Ocepek, M., M. Pate, M. Zolnir-Dovc, and Z. Cvetnic. "Tuberculosis in cattle caused by IS901+ Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium – a case report." Veterinární Medicína 48, No. 1 - 2 (March 30, 2012): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5749-vetmed.

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In a small cattle herd an eight-year-old cow showed a reaction to bovine tuberculin in two consecutive skin tests. The animal showing clinical signs related to tuberculosis was slaughtered for diagnostic purpose. The lungs were completely covered with disseminate tubercles of different sizes and the mediastinal lymph nodes were enlarged. Pneumonia granulomatosa tuberculosa and lymphadenitis hyperplastica chronica were diagnosed histologically. Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium of IS901+ and IS1245+ genotype was isolated from lungs and from the lymph node. Six weeks after the affected animal has been eliminated from the herd, the skin test in other animals on the farm was performed: single test with avian tuberculin in extensively reared poultry (n = 12), comparative test with bovine and avian tuberculin in cattle (n = 7). Concluding from the results of negative skin testing of other animals on the farm, it is very likely that the cow did not transmit M. a. avium into the environment.
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