Academic literature on the topic 'Tuberculosis in animals'
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Journal articles on the topic "Tuberculosis in animals"
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Akhtar, Komal, Ishtiaq Ahmed, Muhammad Yasin Tipu, et al. "Molecular identification and infection pathology of Mycobacterium spp. in captive wild animals in Pakistan." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 17, no. 08 (2023): 1107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.17287.
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Introduction: Animal tuberculosis is an infectious, chronic, granulomatous, and debilitating disease affecting animals as well as humans. However, in recent decades, there have been many endemic geographic localities where animal tuberculosis has been identified in wildlife reservoirs, limiting the eradication program in cattle. This study aimed to identify animal tuberculosis in captive zoo animals in Pakistan. Methodology: In total, 185 morbid zoo animals were brought for postmortem examination at a veterinary postmortem facility. During the macroscopic examination, these animals were thoroughly examined for the presence of suggestive gross lesions of animal tuberculosis (granulomas/tubercles), and the pattern and distribution of these lesions in different organs. The Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining was performed on smears prepared from granulomatous lesions of lung tissue followed by molecular identification of M. bovis and M. tuberculosis DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The postmortem examination revealed that 8.1% (15/185) of animals had gross tuberculosis lesions on the lungs and lymph nodes. The ZN staining of tissue smears showed 5.40% positivity while M. bovis and M. tuberculosis DNA was identified in 3.78 % and 1.1% of investigated animals, respectively. Conclusions: The study showed that animal tuberculosis is prevalent among wildlife in Pakistan and it may pose serious public health concerns to the people visiting these zoos and wildlife parks.
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Collins, J. D. "Tuberculosis in animals." Irish Journal of Medical Science 154, S1 (1985): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02938287.
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Getahun, Temesgen K., Fekadu Gutema, and Fikadu Wodajo. "Status and Public Health Significance of Mycobacterium bovis in Ethiopia." Veterinary Medicine – Open Journal 8, no. 1 (2023): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/vmoj-8-173.
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Infectious diseases, accounting for 30-50% of the total annual losses, remain a major impediment to Ethiopia’s livestock economy. Cattle, other domesticated animals, and some free-range or captive wildlife species are all susceptible to the infectious disease known as bovine tuberculosis, which is caused by the Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis). It is typically distinguished by the development of tubercle-like nodular granulomas. The bovine tuberculosis-diseased animal loses 10-25% of their productive efficiency; direct losses due to the infection become evident by a decrease in 10-18% milk and a 15% reduction in meat production. During the final stages of tuberculosis, severe emaciation and acute respiratory distress might happen. It affects animal production, but it also significantly affects public health. Human infection due to M. bovis is thought to be mainly through the drinking of contaminated or unpasteurized raw milk and undercooked meat. It is estimated that M. bovis causes 10-15% of human cases of tuberculosis in countries. This indicated that tuberculosis in both humans and animals is endemic in Ethiopia. Reporting the status of tuberculosis in animals and humans is so dynamic.
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Kashino, Suely S., Pamela Ovendale, Angelo Izzo, and Antonio Campos-Neto. "Unique Model of Dormant Infection for Tuberculosis Vaccine Development." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 13, no. 9 (2006): 1014–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00120-06.
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ABSTRACT Most individuals exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis become infected but hinder the infectious process in dormant foci, known as latent tuberculosis. This limited infection usually stimulates strong T-cell responses, which provide lifelong resistance to tuberculosis. However, latent tuberculosis is still poorly understood, particularly because of the lack of a reliable animal model of dormant infection. Here we show that inoculation of mice with a unique streptomycin-auxotrophic mutant of Mycobacterium tuberculosis recapitulates dormant infection. The mutant grows unimpaired in the presence of streptomycin and no longer grows but remains viable for long periods of time after substrate removal, shifting from the log growth phase to the latent stage, as indicated by augmented production of α-crystallin. Mice challenged with the mutant and inoculated with streptomycin for ∼3 weeks developed a limited infection characterized by a low bacteriological burden and the presence of typical granulomas. After substrate withdrawal, the infection was hindered but few microorganisms remained viable (dormant) in the animals' tissues for at least 6 months. In addition, the animals developed both potent T-cell responses to M. tuberculosis antigens, such as early culture filtrate, Ag85B, and ESAT-6, and resistance to reinfection with virulent M. tuberculosis. Therefore, infection of mice or other animals (e.g., guinea pigs) with M. tuberculosis strain 18b constitutes a simple and attractive animal model for evaluation of antituberculosis vaccines in the context of an M. tuberculosis-presensitized host, a prevailing condition among humans in need of a vaccine.
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Pandey, G., S. Dhakal, A. Sadaula, et al. "Status of tuberculosis in bovine animals raised by tuberculosis infected patients in Western Chitwan, Nepal." International Journal of Infection and Microbiology 1, no. 2 (2013): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v1i2.7407.
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INTRODUCTION: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an important public health concern worldwide. This study was conducted to determine the status of bTB in animals raised by tuberculosis patients in Western Chitwan, Nepal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted from August, 2011 to January, 2012. A total of 100 bovines (cattle and buffalo) raised in 60 farms of tuberculosis patients were tested with single intradermal tuberculin test considering various animal factors. Well designed questionnaire survey was taken with 70 tuberculosis patients of same 60 families focusing knowledge, awareness and various practices related to bovine tuberculosis. RESULTS: Overall 15% bovines were positive for tuberculosis (13.6% cattle and 15.4% buffaloes). Age of animal was significantly associated with tuberculosis (p<0.05) while sex and species were not. 24% tuberculosis patients had raw milk consuming habit while very few of them (9%) were aware of zoonotic aspect of bovine tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS: There is high chance of tuberculosis transmission form animals to humans or vice versa. Further detailed study is needed in large scale with stronger intersectoral collaboration of medical and veterinary health sector to determine the scale of problem and find out prevention and control strategies against zoonotic tuberculosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v1i2.7407 Int J Infect Microbiol 2012;1(1):49-53
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Diallo, Boubacar, Jeconia Abonyo Okelo, Shaibu Osman, Simon Karanja, and Nnaemeka Stanley Aguegboh. "Fractional-Order Model for Evolution of Bovine Tuberculosis with Vaccination and Contaminated Environment." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2024 (January 24, 2024): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/6934895.
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Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic disease that is commonly transmitted via inhaling aerosols, drinking unpasteurized milk, and eating raw meat. We use a fractional-order model with the Caputo sense to examine the evolution of bovine tuberculosis transmission in human and animal populations, including a vaccine compartment for humans. We derived and obtained the threshold quantity R0 to ascertain the illness state. We established conditions guaranteeing the asymptotic stability of the equilibria (locally and globally). Sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the factors that govern the dynamics of tuberculosis. The study demonstrates that the rate of human-to-animal transmission of tuberculosis and environmental pollution and the rate of bTB transmission between animals all affect tuberculosis transmission. However, as vaccination rates increase and fewer individuals consume contaminated environment products (such as meat, milk, and other dairy products), the disease becomes less common in humans. To manage bovine TB, it is advised that information programmes be implemented, the environment be monitored, infected persons be treated, contaminated animals be vaccinated, and contaminated animals be quarantined. The usefulness of the discovered theoretical results is demonstrated through numerical experiments.
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Cracknell, Jonathan. "Tuberculosis in animals and humans." Veterinary Record 174, no. 25 (2014): 637.1–637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.g4082.
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Donchenko, A. S., N. A. Donchenko, A. S. Zhumash, A. K. Shaymbetova, A. В. Turgumbekov, and A. К. Ilimbayeva. "Prevention of tuberculosis of cattle imported from abroad." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 49, no. 6 (2020): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2019-6-6.
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When importing cattle from Hungary, Germany, Holland and Australia, many violations of veterinary rules for cattle management for the purpose of its reproduction, rearing and sale were noted. Pathogens of a number of infectious diseases penetrate livestock farms with the cattle purchased. Cases of infection of imported pedigree cattle with tuberculosis were noted. Scientists, together with practical experts of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation, conducted a series of surveys of livestock farms, where pedigree cattle was imported from abroad. The imortance of the veterinary-sanitary treatment of premises prior to the delivery of breeding livestock was highlighted. Feeding regime of such animals in the summer and winter periods was taken into account. Particular attention was paid to preventive diagnostic studies of imported livestock and local animals in contact with them. For more effective diagnosis, several diagnostic tests were used – from the usual intradermal tuberculin test with PPD tuberculin for mammals – to the palpebral and intravenous tuberculin tests as well as the “booster effect” method. In the diagnosis of tuberculosis, a special role was assigned to the results of autopsy and laboratory studies of biomaterial taken from animals killed for diagnostic purposes. In the complex of diagnostic studies for a final decision on the animal tuberculosis and a general epizootic assessment of the herd for animal tuberculosis, a diagnostic assessment of the intradermal fold of 5 mm and over was proposed. Comprehensive intravital diagnostic measures, post-mortem diagnostics of animals reacting to tuberculin, proper veterinary and sanitary measures in livestock buildings were carried out, contact of animals brought from abroad with local cattle and other domestic animals, as well as poultry, was excluded. Comprehensive measures can reliably prevent and diagnose cases of tuberculosis both in imported and local livestock when placing it in specially prepared livestock buildings.
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Ncube, Pamela, Bahareh Bagheri, Wynand Johan Goosen, Michele Ann Miller, and Samantha Leigh Sampson. "Evidence, Challenges, and Knowledge Gaps Regarding Latent Tuberculosis in Animals." Microorganisms 10, no. 9 (2022): 1845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10091845.
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Mycobacterium bovis and other Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) pathogens that cause domestic animal and wildlife tuberculosis have received considerably less attention than M. tuberculosis, the primary cause of human tuberculosis (TB). Human TB studies have shown that different stages of infection can exist, driven by host–pathogen interactions. This results in the emergence of heterogeneous subpopulations of mycobacteria in different phenotypic states, which range from actively replicating (AR) cells to viable but slowly or non-replicating (VBNR), viable but non-culturable (VBNC), and dormant mycobacteria. The VBNR, VBNC, and dormant subpopulations are believed to underlie latent tuberculosis (LTB) in humans; however, it is unclear if a similar phenomenon could be happening in animals. This review discusses the evidence, challenges, and knowledge gaps regarding LTB in animals, and possible host–pathogen differences in the MTBC strains M. tuberculosis and M. bovis during infection. We further consider models that might be adapted from human TB research to investigate how the different phenotypic states of bacteria could influence TB stages in animals. In addition, we explore potential host biomarkers and mycobacterial changes in the DosR regulon, transcriptional sigma factors, and resuscitation-promoting factors that may influence the development of LTB.
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STEPHENS, N., L. VOGELNEST, C. LOWBRIDGE, et al. "Transmission ofMycobacterium tuberculosisfrom an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) to a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) and humans in an Australian zoo." Epidemiology and Infection 141, no. 7 (2013): 1488–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026881300068x.
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SUMMARYMycobacterium tuberculosisis primarily a pathogen of humans. Infections have been reported in animal species and it is emerging as a significant disease of elephants in the care of humans. With the close association between humans and animals, transmission can occur. In November 2010, a clinically healthy Asian elephant in an Australian zoo was found to be sheddingM. tuberculosis; in September 2011, a sick chimpanzee at the same zoo was diagnosed with tuberculosis caused by an indistinguishable strain ofM. tuberculosis.Investigations included staff and animal screening. Four staff had tuberculin skin test conversions associated with spending at least 10 hours within the elephant enclosure; none had disease. Six chimpanzees had suspected infection. A pathway of transmission between the animals could not be confirmed. Tuberculosis in an elephant can be transmissible to people in close contact and to other animals more remotely. The mechanism for transmission from elephants requires further investigation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tuberculosis in animals"
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García, Sáenz Ariadna. "Spatial epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in domestic animals and evaluation of surveillance." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/328428.
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El objetivo de la presente tesis ha sido obtener información sobre la epidemiología de la Tuberculosis Bovina (TBb) en rebaños vacunos así como la obtención de datos para la implementación de un posible sistema de vigilancia basado en riesgo.
En el primer estudio se analizó la variación espacio-temporal del riesgo de TBb en rebaños vacunos desde el año 2006 hasta el 2011. Los resultados indicaron que la prevalencia y la incidencia fueron más elevadas en algunas comarcas y en algunos años, comparando con la evolución global a nivel de país. El análisis de potenciales factores de riesgo indicaron que tanto los movimientos entre granjas provenientes de zonas de elevada incidencia (>1%) como la presencia de ganado de lidia, incrementaban el riesgo de infección.
En el segundo estudio se describió una aproximación a un sistema de vigilancia basado en riesgo que se está evaluando actualmente en Nueva Zelanda. Dado que la presencia de TBb en granjas está conducida por un número de factores que incluyen: historial de infección previo en la explotación, frecuencia de test diagnósticos llevados a cabo en la explotación, localización geográfica y los movimientos de animales; el objetivo del estudio fue calcular una puntuación de riesgo de infección para cada granja utilizando datos recogidos durante la campaña de erradicación de forma rutinaria. De esta forma, los rebaños podrían ser clasificados en función de su riesgo de infección y así la vigilancia se podría focalizar en intentar detectar, de una forma más eficiente y economizando los costes, aquellas granjas con la puntuación de riesgo más elevada.
En el tercer estudio, la sensibilidad individual de la vigilancia de TBb en mataderos de Cataluña fue evaluada. La probabilidad de detectar un bovino infectado fue estimada mediante el producto de las siguientes probabilidades: 1) probabilidad de que un bovino infectado llegue a matadero presentando lesiones compatibles y detectables macroscópicamente (LDM), 2) probabilidad de que LDM sean detectadas durante la inspección en matadero, 3) probabilidad de que el veterinario oficial de matadero sospeche de TBb y envíe las muestras al laboratorio para su confirmación. La sensibilidad individual de la vigilancia de TBb en los mataderos de bovino de Cataluña, resultó ser de un 31.4% (CI 95%: 28.6-36.2).
En el cuarto estudio, la dinámica de transmisión de TBb dentro de un rebaño fue analizada. Para ello se desarrolló un modelo compartimental estocástico SEI (Susceptibles, Expuestos e Infecciosos). Con este modelo se infirieron los parámetros relacionados con la transmisión, en particular el ratio de transmisión (β) y el ratio en el que los animales infectados pasan a ser infecciosos (α). También, debido a la controversia sobre las sensibilidades reportadas de la prueba de la intradermo-tuberculinización simple (IDTs) en condiciones de campo, la probabilidad de detectar tanto los animales infectados como los infecciosos (ϕ y ρ, respectivamente) fue también evaluada. Las distribuciones posteriores de los parámetros modelizados fueron obtenidas mediante el método de las cadenas de Markov Chain Monte Carlo y por métodos de aproximación por computación bayesiana (MCMC-ABC). El promedio obtenido, de 33 rebaños de diferentes áreas de España, para el ratio de transmisión varió entre 0.0001 y 0.0002 por día, y el promedio del ratio de transición de bovinos infectados a infecciosos varió entre 0.011 y 0.0001.<br>The present PhD Thesis aimed to provide information about the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in cattle and relevant data for the implementation of a risk based surveillance system.
In the first study the space-time variation of the risk of bTB in cattle between 2006 and 2011 was analyzed. The results indicated that in some counties, between some years, the prevalence and the incidence of the disease was higher as compared to the global rate in the rest of the counties of Spain. The analysis of potential risk factors indicated that both, a large number of movements from counties with high incidence (>1%), and presence of bullfighting cattle herds increased the bTB risk.
In the second study it was described a risk-based approach for bTB surveillance that is under development in New Zealand. Given that the presence of bTB in a herd is driven by a number of factors including previous infection history, the amount of testing carried out on individual herds, geographic location or herd movement behavior, the objective was to use routinely recorded data to derive a ‘risk score’ for each of these factors and then to combine them to return a composite bTB risk score for each herd. By this way, herds could be ranked and this would enable to focus surveillance in those herds with the highest risk score, providing effective surveillance coverage at a reasonable overall cost.
In the third study the individual sensitivity of bovine tuberculosis surveillance in Catalonian slaughterhouses of cattle was assessed. The probability of detection of a bTB-infected cattle by the slaughterhouses in Catalonia was estimated as the product of three consecutive probabilities: P1) the probability that a bTB-infected animal arrived at the slaughterhouse presenting Macroscopically Detectable Lesions (MDL); P2) the probability that MDL were detected by the routine meat inspection procedure, and P3) the probability that the veterinary officer suspected of bTB and sent the sample for laboratory confirmation. The mean individual bTB surveillance sensitivity of the different cattle slaughterhouses in Catalonia obtained in this study was 31.4% (CI 95%: 28.6-36.2).
In the fourth study a stochastic compartmental SEI (Susceptible, Exposed (latent), and Infectious) model was developed to mimic Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) within-herd transmission dynamics. This model was used to infer several parameters related to bTB spread within Spanish cattle farms, in particular the cattle-to-cattle transmission rate (β) and the rate at which infected cattle become infectious (α). Also, given the controversy over the sensitivities of the single intradermal tuberculin test (SIT) application in field conditions, the probability of detection of both infected and infectious cattle (ϕ and ρ, respectively), were also evaluated.
A Markov Chain Monte Carlo-Approximate Bayesian Computation (MCMC-ABC) method was used to generate posterior distributions and the mean within herd transmission rate (β) estimated in 33 Spanish herds varied between 0.0001 and 0.0002 per day, and the mean rate at which infected cattle become infectious (α) varied between 0.011 and 0.0001.
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Raposo, André Santos Silva. "Contributo para o estudo epidemiológico da tuberculose bovina em animais domésticos e silváticos na região de Portalegre." Bachelor's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3058.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária<br>A tuberculose bovina é uma doença infecciosa que atinge espécies domésticas, silváticas e o Homem, constituindo um problema para as entidades sanitárias veterinárias, devido ao seu potencial zoonótico, ao impacto económico e ao entrave causado à movimentação de animais e produtos. Portugal encontra-se numa fase de pré-erradicação da doença, tendo os esforços com vista a esse objectivo elevados custos para o Estado e para os produtores.
Durante o estágio realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo de casos de tuberculose em bovinos entre 2005 e 2009 e fez-se uma pesquisa de lesões desta doença em espécies de caça grossa, ambos na região de Portalegre. Averiguou-se a hipótese de transmissão da doença por animais silváticos em 35 focos de tuberculose bovina, concluindo-se que pode ter havido contactos entre javalis e bovinos domésticos em todos. Os veados, embora tenham uma distribuição mais limitada, coabitam com os bovinos em cerca de 45% das explorações em análise. Também se acompanhou uma montaria, identificando-se lesões macroscópicas compatíveis com tuberculose em 33,3% dos veados e 11,8% dos javalis abatidos, confirmando-se posteriormente em todos os casos a existência de infecção (através de exames histopatológicos e do isolamento de M. bovis). Tendo em conta que os resultados obtidos confirmam a existência de tuberculose em veados e javalis de vida livre e o seu contacto com bovinos domésticos em certas regiões, a transmissão da doença entre as diferentes espécies é uma possibilidade.
É necessário esclarecer o papel das espécies silváticas como hospedeiros reservatório ou acidentais de tuberculose, de modo a melhorar a gestão da fauna silvática e dos recursos cinegéticos. Recomenda-se a vigilância sanitária continuada dessas espécies, integrando as boas práticas sanitárias e o acompanhamento médico-veterinário nos procedimentos de inspecção às peças de caça. Devem, ainda, ser implementadas medidas preventivas como a existência de planos de gestão cinegética que contemplem o controlo do tamanho das populações e um maior confinamento dos bovinos em áreas de risco.
A tuberculose bovina é um problema emergente no nosso país, devendo as autoridades competentes, os médicos veterinários, os produtores e os caçadores unir esforços na luta para a erradicação da doença, sem esquecer o risco de as espécies silváticas estarem envolvidas na sua transmissão.<br>ABSTRACT -
Contribution to the epidemiological study of bovine tuberculosis in domestic animals and wildlife in Portalegre -
Bovine tuberculosis is an infectious disease that affects domestic animals, wildlife and Humans, and it remains a problem for veterinary health authorities due to its zoonotic potential, economic impact and obstacles to animal and products movements. Portugal hasn‟t achieved eradication yet, and the efforts towards that aim have high costs to the country and the farmers.
During the traineeship it was performed a retrospective study on tuberculosis in cattle between 2005 and 2009 and also a survey for this infection in big game, both in the Portalegre region. The risk of bovine tuberculosis transmission from wildlife to cattle was studied in 35 outbreaks and in all of them contacts between wild boars and cattle where possible. Although deers have a more limited distribution, they cohabit with cattle in about 45% of the farms considered. A hunting journey was also accompanied, leading to the identification of gross tuberculosis lesions in 33,3% of the red deers and 11,8% of the wild boars killed. M. bovis infection was confirmed through bacteriological exams and histopathology was also positive. These results confirm the existence of tuberculosis in free range red deer and wild boar and its coexistence with cattle in some areas, enabling the transmission of this disease between domestic animals and wildlife.
It is essential to clarify the role of wildlife either as spill-over or reservoir hosts for tuberculosis, in order to achieve a better management of wildlife and game resources. It is recommended a surveillance system for big game, integrating good health practices and veterinary supervision during game meat inspection schemes. Preventive measures such as the creation of game management plans to control population size and a higher confinement of cattle in risk areas should also be implemented.
Bovine tuberculosis is an emerging problem in Portugal, and the competent authorities, veterinarians, farmers and hunters have to join efforts and continue the struggle to eradicate this disease, keeping in mind the risk of its transmission by wildlife.
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Blankenheim, Thalita Masoti. "Resposta à tuberculinização em bovinos sensibilizados com inóculos inativados de Mycobacterium avium e de Mycobacterium bovis /." Jaboticabal, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/141991.
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Orientador: Luis Antonio Mathias<br>Banca: Anna Monteiro Correia Lima<br>Banca: Adolorata Aparecida Bianco Carvalho<br>Banca: Raphaella Barbosa Meirelles Bartoli<br>Banca: Samir Issa Samara<br>Resumo: A tuberculose causada pelo Mycobacterium bovis é uma importante doença dos bovinos e constitui um grande problema de saúde animal, podendo também atingir humanos. Para o diagnóstico da infecção, e para desencadear as medidas sanitárias decorrentes desse diagnóstico, o Programa Nacional de Controle e Erradicação de Brucelose e Tuberculose (PNCEBT) estabelece a utilização de testes intradérmicos de tuberculinização. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as respostas à tuberculina (PPD) aviária e à tuberculina bovina apresentadas por animais sensibilizados com inóculos inativados de M. bovis e de M. avium, e comparar os resultados do teste da prega caudal (TPC), do teste cervical simples (TCS) e do teste cervical comparativo (TCC) para diagnóstico da tuberculose bovina nos animais sensibilizados e em animais não sensibilizados. Os resultados mostraram que: a repetição dos testes não influiu na proporção de resultados positivos; houve animais sensibilizados com M. bovis que apresentaram reação até 500 dias após a sensibilização; em animais sensibilizados com M. avium, a especificidade do TCC foi superior à do TCS e à do TPC, e o TCC mostrou-se efetivo para discriminar reações induzidas pelo inóculo desse microrganismo; em animais sensibilizados com M. bovis, o TCC apresentou menor sensibilidade do que os outros dois testes; o ponto de corte do TCS e do TCC com melhor combinação de sensibilidade e especificidade foi inferior ao ponto adotado pelo PNCEBT para diagnóstico em animais n... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis is an important disease in cattle e a great problem for animal health that can reach humans. For the diagnosis of the infection and the consequent sanitary measures, the National Program for Control and Eradication of Brucellosis and Tuberculosis (PNCEBT) establish the use of intradermal tuberculin tests. The aim of this study was to analyze the response to the avian and bovine tuberculin (PPD) developed by cattle sensitized with inactivated inoculum of M. avium and M. bovis. Another aim was to compare the results of the caudal fold test (CFT), the comparative cervical test (CCT), and the simple cervical test (SCT) for tuberculosis diagnosis in the sensitize animals and in animals that have not been sensitized. Repetition of the tests did not influence the proportion of positive results. There were animals sensitized with M. bovis showing reaction up to more than 500 days post sensitization. In animals sensitized with M. avium, the specificity of the CCT was higher than that of CFT and SCT, and CCT was able to discriminate the unspecific reaction induced by M. avium inoculum. In animals sensitized with M. bovis, CCT had lower sensitivity than the other two tests. The SCT and CCT cut-off with the best combination of sensitivity and specificity was lower than that adopted by the PNCEBT for the tuberculosis diagnosis in naturally infected animals. SCT hat good agreement with the other two tests, but the agreement between CFT and CCT was... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Doutor
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Parsons, Sven David Charles. "Natural animal model systems to study tuberculosis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4505.
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Thesis (PhD (Molecular Biology and Human Genetics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The growing global epidemic of human tuberculosis (TB) results in 8 million new cases of this disease and 2 million deaths annually. Control thereof will require greater insight into the biology of the causative organism, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and into the pathogenesis of the disease. This will benefit the design of new vaccines and diagnostic assays which may reduce the degree of both disease transmission and progression.
Animal models have played a vital role in the understanding of the aetiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of TB. Much of such insight has been obtained from experimental infection models, and the development of new vaccines, for example, is dependant on these. Nonetheless, studies utilising naturally occurring TB in animals, such as those which have investigated the use of interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) for its diagnosis, have contributed substantially to the body of knowledge in this field. However, there are few such examples, and this study sought to identify and investigate naturally occuring animal TB in South Africa as an opportunity to gain further insight into this disease.
During the course of this study, the dassie bacillus, a distinctly less virulent variant of M. tuberculosis, was isolated from a rock hyrax from the Western Cape Province of South Africa. This has provided new insight into the widespread occurrence of this organism in rock hyrax populations, and has given impetus to further exploring the nature of the difference in virulence between these pathogens.
Also investigated was M. tuberculosis infection in dogs in contact with human TB patients. In so doing, the first reported case of canine TB in South Africa was described,
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a novel canine IGRA was developed, and a high level of M. tuberculosis infection in these animals was identified. This supports human data reflecting high levels of transmission of this pathogen during the course of human disease. Additionally, the fact that infected companion animals may progress to disease and potentially act as a source of human infection was highlighted. However, an attempt to adapt a flow cytometric assay to study cell-mediated immune responses during canine TB revealed the limitations of such studies in species in which the immune system remains poorly characterised.
The use of IGRAs to diagnose TB was further explored by adapting a human assay, the QuantiFERON-TB Gold (In-Tube Method), for use in non-human primates. These studies have shown that such an adaption allows for the sensitive detection of TB in baboons (Papio ursinus) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and may be suitable for adaption for use in other species. However, they have also evidenced the limitation of this assay to specifically detect infection by M. tuberculosis.
Finally, to contextualise the occurrence of the mycobacterial infections described above, and other similar examples, these have been reviewed as an opinion piece.
Together, these investigations confirm that animal models will continue to make important contributions to the study of TB. More specifically, they highlight the opportunities that naturally occuring animal TB provides for the discovery of novel insights into this disease.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Wêreldwye tuberkulose (TB) epidemie veroorsaak agt miljoen nuwe gevalle en twee miljoen sterftes jaarliks. Ingryping by die beheer hiervan vereis begrip van die biologie van die mikroörganisme Mycobacterium tuberculosis, die oorsaak van TB, asook van die patogenese van die siekte self. Hierdie kennis kan lei tot ontwerp van nuwe entstowwe en diagnostiese toetse wat gevolglik beide die oordrag- en vordering van die siekte mag bekamp.
Dieremodelle speel lankal 'n rol in ons begrip van die etiologie-, patogenese- en behandeling van TB. Insig is grotendeels verkry vanaf eksperimentele infeksiemodelle, en ontwikkeling van entstowwe, onder andere, is afhanklik van soortgelyke modelle. Desnieteenstaande, studies wat natuurlike TB voorkoms in diere ondersoek, byvoorbeeld dié wat op die ontwikkeling van interferon-gamma vrystellingstoetse (IGVT) fokus, het merkwaardige bydrae gemaak tot kennis en begrip in hierdie studieveld. Daar is slegs enkele soortgelyke voorbeelde. Om hierdie rede is die huidige studie uitgevoer waarbinne natuulike diere-TB geïdentifiseer en ondersoek is in Suid-Afrika om verdere kennis en insig te win aangaande TB.
Die "dassie bacillus", bekend om beduidend minder virulent te wees as M. tuberculosis, is tydens hierdie studie geïsoleer vanuit 'n klipdassie (Procavia capensis) in die Wes-Kaapse provinsie, Suid-Afrika. Insig in die wydverspreide voorkoms van hierdie organisme in klipdassie bevolkings is gevolglik verkry en verskaf momentum om die aard van verskil in virulensie tussen dié patogene te bestudeer.
vii
Voorts is M. tuberculosis infeksie bestudeer in honde wat in kontak is met menslike TB pasiënte en word die eerste geval van honde TB dus in Suid-Afrika beskryf. In hierdie groep diere, is 'n hoë vlak van M. tuberculosis infeksie geïdentifiseer deur gebruik te maak van 'n nuut ontwikkelde IGVT vir die diagnose van honde TB. Gevolglik ondersteun dié studie bevindinge van menslike studies wat toon dat besondere hoë vlakke van M. tuberculosis oordrag voorkom gedurende die verloop van die siekte. Verder toon die studie dat geïnfekteerde troeteldiere 'n bron van menslike infeksie kan wees. 'n Poging om 'n vloeisitometriese toets te ontwikkel om die aard van selgefundeerde immuunreaksies te bestudeer in honde met TB toon die beperkings van dergelike studies in spesies waarin die immuunsisteem gebrekkig gekarakteriseer is.
Die gebruik van IGVT'e in die diagnose van TB is verder ondersoek deur 'n menslike toets (QuantiFERON-TB Gold, In-Tube Method) aan te pas vir die gebruik van nie-menslike primaat gevalle. Hierdie studies toon gevolglik dat so 'n aanpassing toepaslik is vir hoogs sensitiewe deteksie van TB in chacma bobbejane (Papio ursinus) en rhesus ape (Macaca mulatta), en mag ook aangepas word vir gebruik in ander spesies. Tog word die beperkings van hierdie toets om infeksie wat spesifiek deur M. tuberculosis veroorsaak uitgelig.
Ter afsluiting word hierdie studie in konteks geplaas deur 'n oorsig te gee van bogenoemde- en soortgelyke gevalle van dierlike infeksie deur mikobakterieë in Suid-Afrika.
Hierdie studies bevestig dat dieremodelle steeds belangrike toevoegings maak tydens die bestudering van TB en lig veral die moontlikhede uit dat bestudering van natuulike TB in diere kan lei tot die ontdekking van nuwe insigte ten opsigte van die siekte self.
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Silva, David Attuy Vey da [UNESP]. "Comparação entre métodos diagnósticos da tuberculose em bovinos abatidos em matadouros-frigoríficos do Estado de São Paulo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/128139.
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000848328.pdf: 656185 bytes, checksum: ba38e54af54213676e5d46fe3f460e40 (MD5)<br>A tuberculose é uma doença infectocontagiosa de caráter zoonótico de grande importância em saúde pública, sendo seu diagnóstico e o conhecimento de sua epidemiologia, peças fundamentais na sua prevenção e controle. Este trabalho objetivou a comparação entre métodos diagnósticos para tuberculose bovina. Foram realizados diagnósticos pelo cultivo microbiológico, caracterização histopatológica e identificação de bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes (BAAR) e identificação molecular da infecção por Mycobacterium bovis em bovinos adultos abatidos em matadourosfrigoríficos sob Serviço de Inspeção Federal (SIF) no Estado de São Paulo e posteriormente, os municípios de origem destes animais foram geoprocessados. Durante o abate, foram identificadas e coletadas amostras de linfonodos com lesões macroscópicas sugestivas de tuberculose. O diagnóstico pelo cultivo microbiológico foi realizado em meio de cultura sólido, a caracterização histopatológica pela coloração com hematoxilina eosina (HE), a identificação de BAAR pela coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) e o diagnóstico pela identificação molecular foi realizado a partir de DNA extraído das lesões sugestivas de tuberculose pela reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR, nested PCR e multiplex PCR) e a partir de DNA extraído das colônias isoladas para identificação do M. bovis utilizando-se a PCR e a multiplex PCR. Dentre as lesões sugestivas de tuberculose observadas, 50% (25/50) foram identificadas em linfonodos retrofaríngeos e todas foram caracterizadas como caseosas. Houve crescimento de colônias características de M. bovis em 56% (28/50) das amostras, 64% (32/50) das amostras foram consideradas positivas pela coloração com HE e 52% (26/50) pela coloração confirmatória de ZN (identificação de BAAR). A PCR a partir de DNA extraído das lesões teciduais apresentou 38% (19/50) das amostras positivas e a PCR a partir de DNA extraído das...<br>Tuberculosis is a contagious infectious zoonotic disease of high importance in public health, which diagnosis and the epidemiology knowledge are essentials in this disease prevention and control. This study aimed to compare the different diagnostic tests for bovine tuberculosis. Microbiological culture, histopathological and molecular M. bovis diagnosis were made in adults bovines slaughtered in slaughterhouses under Inspection Federal Service - SIF in São Paulo State and after, the animals origin municipalities were geoprocessing. Samples of lymph nodes with macroscopic lesions suggestive of tuberculosis were identified and collected during the animals' slaughter. The microbiological diagnosis was made by culture in solid medium, histopathological characterization by staining with hematoxylin eosin (HE), identification of AFB by Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) and the diagnosis by molecular identification was carried out from DNA extracted from the lesions suggestive of tuberculosis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR, nested PCR and multiplex PCR) and the DNA extracted from the colonies was isolated for M. bovis identification using PCR and multiplex PCR. Most injuries (50% - 25/50) was identified in retropharingeal and all of them were characterized as caseous. M. bovis colonies growth was characteristics in 56% (28/50) of the samples and64% (32/50) of the samples were positive by HE staining and 52% (26/50) for confirmatory ZN staining. The PCR directly from tissue showed 38% (19/50) of positive samples and the PCR from the colonies showed 56% (28/50) of positive samples. The kappa test (95%) between the diagnoses showed higher agreement between the molecular diagnostics of the colonies, followed by histopathological and molecular analysis of tuberculosis suggestive lesions toward the microbiological diagnosis. The highest sensitivity and specificity values were observed in the colonies molecular testing, followed by histopathological and ...
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Silva, David Attuy Vey da. "Comparação entre métodos diagnósticos da tuberculose em bovinos abatidos em matadouros-frigoríficos do Estado de São Paulo /." Jaboticabal, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/128139.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Karina Paes Bürger<br>Coorientador: Lara Borges Keid<br>Banca: Samir Issa Samara<br>Banca: Raphaella Barbosa Meirelles Bartoli<br>Resumo: A tuberculose é uma doença infectocontagiosa de caráter zoonótico de grande importância em saúde pública, sendo seu diagnóstico e o conhecimento de sua epidemiologia, peças fundamentais na sua prevenção e controle. Este trabalho objetivou a comparação entre métodos diagnósticos para tuberculose bovina. Foram realizados diagnósticos pelo cultivo microbiológico, caracterização histopatológica e identificação de bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes (BAAR) e identificação molecular da infecção por Mycobacterium bovis em bovinos adultos abatidos em matadourosfrigoríficos sob Serviço de Inspeção Federal (SIF) no Estado de São Paulo e posteriormente, os municípios de origem destes animais foram geoprocessados. Durante o abate, foram identificadas e coletadas amostras de linfonodos com lesões macroscópicas sugestivas de tuberculose. O diagnóstico pelo cultivo microbiológico foi realizado em meio de cultura sólido, a caracterização histopatológica pela coloração com hematoxilina eosina (HE), a identificação de BAAR pela coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) e o diagnóstico pela identificação molecular foi realizado a partir de DNA extraído das lesões sugestivas de tuberculose pela reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR, nested PCR e multiplex PCR) e a partir de DNA extraído das colônias isoladas para identificação do M. bovis utilizando-se a PCR e a multiplex PCR. Dentre as lesões sugestivas de tuberculose observadas, 50% (25/50) foram identificadas em linfonodos retrofaríngeos e todas foram caracterizadas como caseosas. Houve crescimento de colônias características de M. bovis em 56% (28/50) das amostras, 64% (32/50) das amostras foram consideradas positivas pela coloração com HE e 52% (26/50) pela coloração confirmatória de ZN (identificação de BAAR). A PCR a partir de DNA extraído das lesões teciduais apresentou 38% (19/50) das amostras positivas e a PCR a partir de DNA extraído das...<br>Abstract: Tuberculosis is a contagious infectious zoonotic disease of high importance in public health, which diagnosis and the epidemiology knowledge are essentials in this disease prevention and control. This study aimed to compare the different diagnostic tests for bovine tuberculosis. Microbiological culture, histopathological and molecular M. bovis diagnosis were made in adults bovines slaughtered in slaughterhouses under Inspection Federal Service - SIF in São Paulo State and after, the animals origin municipalities were geoprocessing. Samples of lymph nodes with macroscopic lesions suggestive of tuberculosis were identified and collected during the animals' slaughter. The microbiological diagnosis was made by culture in solid medium, histopathological characterization by staining with hematoxylin eosin (HE), identification of AFB by Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) and the diagnosis by molecular identification was carried out from DNA extracted from the lesions suggestive of tuberculosis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR, nested PCR and multiplex PCR) and the DNA extracted from the colonies was isolated for M. bovis identification using PCR and multiplex PCR. Most injuries (50% - 25/50) was identified in retropharingeal and all of them were characterized as caseous. M. bovis colonies growth was characteristics in 56% (28/50) of the samples and64% (32/50) of the samples were positive by HE staining and 52% (26/50) for confirmatory ZN staining. The PCR directly from tissue showed 38% (19/50) of positive samples and the PCR from the colonies showed 56% (28/50) of positive samples. The kappa test (95%) between the diagnoses showed higher agreement between the molecular diagnostics of the colonies, followed by histopathological and molecular analysis of tuberculosis suggestive lesions toward the microbiological diagnosis. The highest sensitivity and specificity values were observed in the colonies molecular testing, followed by histopathological and ...<br>Mestre
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Shuaib, Yassir Adam [Verfasser]. "Tuberculosis in animals and humans in Eastern Sudan and the genetic diversity among clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex lineage 3 / Yassir Adam Shuaib." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/121424100X/34.
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Machado, Adelina da Conceicao. "Mapping of the distribution of Mycobacterium bovis strains involved in bovine tuberculosis in Mozambique." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98114.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Bovine tuberculosis (BTB), caused by bacteria of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex is
reported to cause economic and public health negative impact in countries where it is prevalent.
The control of the disease has been a difficult task worldwide.
The main object of this thesis was to use molecular tools to generate useful information to
contribute to the design of appropriate BTB control measures in Mozambique. To do so we
considered a deep knowledge of the BTB history in Mozambique to be essential. The search
was largely based on the reports produced annually by the Veterinary Services and other
available information. We found reports of BTB in Mozambique as early as 1940. These cases
were mainly identified as a result of post-mortem meat inspection. The higher numbers of cases
reported were from 8 locations, namely Maputo, Magude, Vilanculos, Beira, Chimoio, Tete,
Quelimane and Nampula, and served as a basis to decide the locations to perform prevalence
and molecular epidemiologic studies. Prevalence studies were done in 10 districts selected based on the history of a high number of
BTB case reports (intentionally biased towards locations presumably with higher prevalence),
a high cattle density, but also to represent districts from the south, centre and north of
Mozambique. A representative sample was defined, based on all livestock areas or villages in
Massingir and Govuro Districts or by randomly selecting small-scale and commercial herds in
8 districts, specifically Manhiça, Chibuto, Buzi, Gondola, Mutarara, Mogovolas, Angoche and
Mecanhelas. Results were obtained from 6983 cattle tested using tuberculin testing. Apparent
prevalence varied from 0.98% in Massingir to 39.6% in the Govuro, with prevalence as high
as 71.4% in some livestock areas/herds. The analysis of risk factors showed no noteworthy
difference with respect to the sex of the animal. Younger age had significantly lower odds of
infection compared to the older age class. There was a tendency of cattle from small-scale herds
to have lower prevalence when compared to the commercial herds. From the prevalence studies, 187 tissue and 41 milk samples from BTB reactors were collected.
Additionally 220 tissue samples were obtained from the Central Veterinary Laboratory routine
diagnostic work. Samples were subject to bacteriological culture and a collection of 170 M.
bovis isolates were obtained. Eight additional isolates were supplied from another study. All
isolates were subjected to molecular typing using spoligotyping, and a sub-sample using
MIRU-VNTR and regions of difference (RD) analysis. Fifteen different spoligotype patterns were identified of which 8 were not previously registered in the Mbovis.org database. The
pattern SB0961 accounted for 61% of the isolates and was found in all areas of the country
investigated. We hypothesize that this was one of the first clones to be introduced in
Mozambique. Twenty-nine isolates had the pattern SB0140, which is specific for the European
1 (Eu1) clonal complex. Eleven isolates with this spoligotype were subjected to RD analysis,
and all isolates had the Eu1 specific deletion. These were all isolated from cattle from the south
of Mozambique and the majority from commercial farms that imported cattle, mainly from
South Africa, where the Eu1 clonal complex is common. There were no isolates of the African
1 (Af1) or African 2 (Af2) clonal complexes that are frequent in Central-West Africa and East
Africa, respectively. The clones identified from different farms and districts, strongly suggest
routes of transmission and/or common source of infection.
In conclusion, our results show a potential increase in the prevalence of BTB in Mozambique
even taking into consideration i) that the selection of locations in our study was biased towards
locations with a history of higher BTB prevalence and ii) the use of a more sensitive technique
i.e. the testing in the middle neck region as opposed to the testing in the caudal fold as used in
previous studies.
Even if no cattle to human transmission was found in studies done in Mozambique so far, the
evidence of M. bovis shedding through milk and the lack of correct practices to prevent animal
to human transmission (consumption of raw milk), strongly suggests that there is zoonotic risk;
a subject that needs to be investigated. The results presented in this work also strengthen the need to reinforce the current regulations
that require a negative BTB test result before cattle importation. The same should be enforced
for the internal movements, as the frequency of shared genotypes (Spoligotype and MIRU)
from cattle originating from different parts of the country strongly suggest intra-contry
transmission of BTB.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Beestering (BTB), wat veroorsaak word deur bakterieë van die Mycobacterium tuberculosis
kompleks, het ‘n negatiewe impak op die ekonomiese en publike gesondheid in lande waar
dit voorkom. Die beheer van die siekte is ‘n moeilike taak wêreldwyd.
Die hoofdoel van hierdie tesis was om molekulêre toetse te gebruik om nuttige inligting te
genereer wat sal bydra tot die ontwikkeling van toepaslike BTB beheermaatrëels in
Mosambiek. Om dit te kon doen, was dit noodsaaklik om ‘n indiepte kennies te hê van BTB
geskiedenis in Mosambiek. Die soektog was gebaseer op jaarlikse verslae van Veearts
Dienste en ander beskikbare inligting. Ons het verslae gevind van BTB in Mosambiek so
vroeg as 1940. Hierdie gevalle is hoofsaaklik geïdentifiseer as gevolg van roetine na-doodse
inspeksie van vleis. Hoër getalle van sulke gevalle is geïdentifiseer in 8 distrikte, naamlik
Maputo, Magude, Vilanculos, Beira, Chimoio, Tete, Quelimane en Nampula; en het gedien as
‘n basis vir die seleksie van studieareas vir die voorkoms studies. Voorkoms studies is uitgevoer in 10 distrikte gekies op grond van die geskiedenis van 'n hoër
aantal BTB gevalle in hierdie areas (doelbewus bevooroordeeld teenoor plekke vermoedelik
met 'n hoër voorkoms), asook‘n hoë digtheid beeste, maar ook om distrikte in die suide,
middel en noorde van Mosambiek te verteenwoordig. ‘n Verteenwoordigende steekproef is
geïdentifiseer gebaseer op al die vee-gebiede of dorpe in Massingir and Govuro distrikte óf
deur kleinskaalse en kommersiële kuddes lukraak te kies in 8 distrikte, spesifiek Manhica,
Chibuto, Busi, Gondola, Mutarara, Mogovolas, Angoche en Mecanhelas. Resultate is verkry
deur 6983 beeste te toets met behulp van die tuberkulien vel toets. Skynbare voorkoms het
gewissel van 0,98 % in Massingir tot 39,6 % in Govuro, met voorkoms so hoog as 71,4 % in
sommige vee gebiede/ kuddes. Die ontleding van risiko faktore het geen noemenswaardige
verskil met betrekking tot die geslag van die dier gewys nie. Jonger ouderdom diere het ‘n
aansienlike laer kans van infeksie gehad in vergelyking met die ouer ouderdom klas. Daar
was 'n neiging van beeste van kleinskaalse kuddes om ‘n laer voorkoms te hê in vergelyking
met die kommersiële kuddes. Van die voorkoms studies, is 187 weefsel- en 41 melkmonsters van BTB reaktors ingesamel.
‘n Addisionele 220 weefselmonsters is verkry vanaf die Sentrale Veterinêre Laboratorium se
roetine diagnostiese werk. Monsters was onderhewig aan bakteriologiese kweking en 'n
versameling van 170 M. bovis isolate is verkry. Agt bykomende isolate is voorsien deur 'n ander studie. Alle isolate was onderhewig aan molekulêre-tipering met behulp van
spoligotipering en ‘n subgroep met behulp van MIRU-VNTR en analise van genomies
diverse areas. Vyftien verskillende spoligotipering patrone is geïdentifiseer, waarvan 8 nie
voorheen in die Mbovis.org databasis geregistreer is nie. Die SB0961 patroon is
geïdentifiseer vir 61% van die isolate en gevind in alle dele van die land wat ondersoek was.
Ons hipotese is dat hierdie een van die eerste klone was wat voorgestel is in Mosambiek.
Nege en twintig isolate het die SB0140 patroon gehad wat spesifiek is aan die Europese 1
(EU1) klonale kompleks. Elf isolate met hierdie spoligotipering patroon is verder geanaliseer
om genomies diverse areas te identifiseer, waarvan almal die Eu1 spesifieke delesie getoon
het. Hierdie isolate is almal geïsoleer uit beeste van die suide van Mosambiek, asook beeste
gevind op kommersiele plase wat hoofsaaklik vanuit Suid Afrika invoer- waar die EU1
klonale kompleks algemeen is. Daar is geen isolate van die Afrikaans 1 (AF1) of Afrikaans 2
(AF2) klonale komplekse nie, dikwels gevind in onderskeidelik Sentraal-Wes-Afrika en Oos-
Afrika. Isolate wat in verskillende plase en distrikte geïdentifiser is dui roetes van transmissie
en/ of a gemeenskaplike bron van infeksie aan. Ten slotte, ons resultate dui op 'n moontlike toename in die voorkoms van BTB in
Mosambiek, selfs met inagneming dat i) die keuse van areas in ons studie is bevooroordeeld
teenoor areas met 'n geskiedenis van hoër BTB voorkoms en ii) die gebruik van 'n meer
sensitiewe tegniek d.w.s. toetsing in die middel nekgebied i.p.v. toetsing in die stert vou soos
gebruik in vorige studies.
Selfs al is geen bees-na-mens-oordrag gevind nie, is die bewys van M. bovis oordrag deur
melk en die gebrek aan korrekte prosedures om dier-na-mens-oordrag te voorkom (verbruik
van nie-gepasturiseerde melk), ‘n sterk bewys van die soönotiese risiko; ‘n onderwerp wat
ondersoek moet word.
Die resultate van hierdie ondersoek beklemtoon die behoefte om die huidige regulasies wat ‘n
negatiewe BTB toetsuitslag vereis voor beeste ingevoer word, te versterk. Dieselfde
maatreëls moet ingestel word vir interne beweging van beeste, omdat die frekwensie van
gedeelde genotipes (Spoligotipering en MIRU) tussen beeste met oorsprong uit verskillende
dele van die land aandui dat interne oordrag van BTB plaasvind.
9
Marzo, Escartín Elena. "Tuberculosi pulmonar: com evitar el pas de granuloma a cavitat. Estudi de la inflamació en la patogènesi de la malaltia tuberculosa i desenvolupament de noves estratègies terapèutiques." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285649.
Full textAbstract:
La tuberculosi (TB) és una epidèmia global causada per Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) amb 8,6 milions de malalts i 1,3 milions de morts cada any. El tractament actual amb antibiòtics és molt llarg, car, i presenta efectes adversos.
Quan una persona s’infecta amb Mtb pot controlar la infecció en el 90% dels casos (infecció latent), desenvolupant només lesions microscòpiques al pulmó: granulomes de 0,5mm de diàmetre, invisibles en una radiografia. En el 10% restant la infecció no es controla i es desenvolupen lesions més grans, típicament cavitats d’uns 20mm en adults immunocompetents. La clau per comprendre la patogènesi de la TB activa és la formació de grans cavitats a partir de granulomes de 0,5mm.
En aquesta tesi s’ha desenvolupat un model murí, mitjançant la infecció endovenosa de ratolins C3HeB/FeJ amb la soca virulenta de Mtb H37Rv, que desenvolupa lesions amb necrosi granulomatosa central i liqüefacció molt similars a les lesions prèvies a la cavitació en humans. Les lesions creixen de forma exponencial en part degut a la infiltració neutrofílica massiva, i en part degut a la coalescència de les lesions properes. Els estudis comparatius amb la soca resistent C3H/HeN i l’ús d’antiinflamatoris no esteroideus (AINEs) en el model han confirmat que la inflamació és un factor clau en el desenvolupament de la TB activa, i també que els AINEs podrien utilitzar-se com a tractament coadjuvant en la TB pulmonar en adults immunocompetents, ja que en frenar la inflamació ajuden a controlar la malaltia.
D’altra banda s’ha desenvolupat un mètode profilàctic que mitjançant l’administració oral de dosis baixes de micobacteris inactivats indueix tolerància al Mtb, i en conseqüència una resposta immunitària més equilibrada, amb contenció de la resposta Th17, resultant en una millora de la supervivència, la càrrega bacil·lar i la histopatologia dels ratolins.
Conclusions: S’ha desenvolupat un model murí de TB activa, s’ha caracteritzat el paper que té la inflamació en el desenvolupament de cavitats, concretament la infiltració massiva de neutròfils, s’ha proposat l’ús d’AINEs com a tractament coadjuvant de la tuberculosi activa en adults immunocompetents, i s’ha desenvolupat un nou mètode profilàctic que podria evitar la malaltia mitjançant la inducció de tolerància oral al Mtb que s’aconsegueix amb l’administració oral de dosis baixes de micobactèries inactivades.<br>La tuberculosis (TB) es una epidemia global causada por Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) con 8,6 millones de enfermos y 1,3 millones de muertes cada año. El tratamiento actual con antibióticos es muy largo, caro i presenta efectos adversos.
Cuando una persona se infecta con Mtb puede controlar la infección en el 90% de los casos (infección latente), desarrollando solamente lesiones microscópicas en el pulmón: granulomas de 0,5mm de diámetro invisibles en una radiografía. En el 10% restante la infección no se controla y se desarrollan lesiones mayores, típicamente cavidades de unos 20mm en adultos inmunocompetentes. La clave para comprender la patogénesis de la TB activa es el paso de granulomas de 0,5mm a cavidades de gran tamaño.
En esta tesis se ha desarrollado un modelo murino mediante la infección endovenosa de ratones C3HeB/FeJ con la cepa virulenta H37Rv de Mtb, que desarrolla lesiones con necrosis granulomatosa central y licuefacción, muy similares a las lesiones previas a la cavitación en humanos. Las lesiones crecen de forma exponencial debido en parte a la infiltración neutrofílica masiva, y en parte a la coalescencia de las lesiones vecinas. Los estudios comparativos con la cepa resistente C3H/HeN y el uso de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINEs) en el modelo han confirmado que la inflamación es un factor clave en el desarrollo de la TB activa, y también que los AINE podrían utilizarse como tratamiento coadyuvante en la TB pulmonar en adultos inmunocompetentes, dado que en frenar la inflamación ayudan a controlar la enfermedad.
Por otro lado se ha desarrollado un método profiláctico que mediante la administración oral de dosis bajas de micobacterias inactivadas induce tolerancia al Mtb, y en consecuencia una respuesta inmunitaria más equilibrada, conteniendo la respuesta Th17, resultando en una mejora de la supervivencia, la carga bacilar y la histopatología de los ratones.
Conclusiones: Se ha desarrollado un modelo murino de TB activa, se ha caracterizado el papel de la inflamación en el desarrollo de cavidades, concretamente de la infiltración masiva de neutrófilos, se ha propuesto el uso de AINEs como tratamiento coadyuvante para la tuberculosis activa en adultos inmunocompetentes, y se ha desarrollado un nuevo método profiláctico que podría evitar la enfermedad mediante la inducción de tolerancia oral al Mtb que se consigue con la administración oral de bajas dosis de micobacterias inactivadas.<br>Tuberculosis (TB) is a global epidemic caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). In 2012 an estimated 8,6 million of people developed TB and 1,3 million died from the disease. The current treatment with antibiotics is expensive, long-lasting and presents adverse effects.
When people are infected with Mtb the infection is controlled in the 90% of the cases, developing microscopic lesions in the lungs, 0,5mm of size granulomas, invisibles to the X-rays. In the other 10% the infection is not controlled and bigger lesions are developed: in immunocompetent adults the most characteristic lesion is a cavity sized about 20mm of diameter. The clue to understand active TB pathogenesis must be the development of 20mm cavities from 0,5mm granulomas.
In this work a murine model has been developed through the endovenous infection of C3HeB/FeJ mice with H37Rv virulent strain of Mtb, which develops lesions presenting central granulomatous necrosis and further liquefaction, very similarly to the lesions previous to cavity formation in human patients. The lesions grow exponentially due to massive neutrophilic infiltration and coalescence of neighbour lesions. The comparative studies with the resistant mice strain C3H/HeN and the use of non-steroidal anti-iflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the model confirmed that inflammation is clue in the active TB development, and also that NSAIDs could be use as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of pulmonary TB in immunocompetent adults, through control of excessive inflammation.
On the other hand, a prophylactic method has been developed consisting on induction of tolerance to Mtb through oral administration of low doses of heat-killed mycobacteria, driving to a more balanced immune response, limiting Th17 development and resulting in a better outcome of mice in terms of survival, histopathology and bacillary load in lungs.
Conclusions: A murine active TB model has been developed, and the role of inflammation in cavity formation characterized, namely the role of massive neutrophilic infiltration. The use of NSAIDs has been proposed as an adjuvant treatment of active TB in immunocompetent adults, and a new prophylactic method has been developed that could avoid the disease by induction of oral tolerance to Mtb through the administration of heat killed micobacteria at low doses.
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Jenkins, Akinbowale Olajide. "Identification and genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infections at the human/domestic animals/wildlife interface in Nigeria and South Africa." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05132009-165911/.
Full textBooks on the topic "Tuberculosis in animals"
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Dibaba, Asseged B., Nicolaas P. J. Kriek, and Charles O. Thoen, eds. Tuberculosis in Animals: An African Perspective. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18690-6.
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Frank, Griffin, de Lisle Geoffrey, and International Conference on Mycobacterium Bovis, (2nd : 1995 : University of Otago), eds. Tuberculosis in wildlife and domestic animals. University of Otago Press, 1995.
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World Health Organization (WHO). Report of the WHO working group meeting on animal tuberculosis, Cairo, Egypt, 27 April, 1992. World Health Organization, 1992.
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World Health Organization (WHO). Report of the WHO working group meeting on animal tuberculosis, Cairo, Egypt, 27 April, 1992. World health Organization, 1992.
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O, Thoen Charles, Steele James H, and Gilsdorf Michael J, eds. Mycobacterium bovis infection in animals and humans. 2nd ed. Blackwell Pub., 2006.
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O, Thoen Charles, and Steele James H, eds. Mycobacterium bovis infection in animals and humans. Iowa State University Press, 1995.
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Huitema, Halbe. Tuberculosis in animals and man: With attention to reciprocal transmission of mycobacterial infections and the successful eradication of bovine tuberculosis in cattle in the Netherlands. Royal Netherlands Tuberculosis Association, 1992.
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Johnson-Delaney, Cathy A. Tuberculosis in nonhuman primates, 1982-1990: A bibliography. 2nd ed. Primate Information Center, Regional Primate Research, University of Washington, 1990.
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Symposium, on Tuberculosis (1991 Palmerston North N. Z. ). Symposium on tuberculosis: Palmerston North, April, 1991 : proceedings from a Symposium. Veterinary Continuing Education, Massey University, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Tuberculosis in animals"
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Nicoletti, P. L. "Tuberculosis in Animals." In Tuberculosis. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18937-1_50.
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Thoen, Charles O., Philip A. LoBue, and Donald A. Enarson. "Tuberculosis in animals and humans." In Zoonotic Tuberculosis. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118474310.ch1.
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Kriek, Nick. "Tuberculosis in animals in South Africa." In Zoonotic Tuberculosis. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118474310.ch9.
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Javed, M. Tariq. "Status and control of tuberculosis in animals in Pakistan." In Zoonotic Tuberculosis. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118474310.ch15.
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Bhandari, Mahesh, and Charles O. Thoen. "Zoonotic tuberculosis in humans, elephants, and other animals in Nepal." In Zoonotic Tuberculosis. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118474310.ch16.
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Yoo, Han Sang, and Kyoungjin J. Yoon. "An overview ofMycobacterium bovisinfections in domestic and wild animals in Korea." In Zoonotic Tuberculosis. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118474310.ch18.
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Kaneene, John B., Bruce Kaplan, James H. Steele, and Charles O. Thoen. "One Health approach for preventing and controlling tuberculosis in animals and humans." In Zoonotic Tuberculosis. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118474310.ch2.
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Amin, Aziza. "Bovine Tuberculosis in Egypt." In Tuberculosis in Animals: An African Perspective. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18690-6_13.
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Yeboah-Manu, Dorothy, and Adwoa Asante-Poku. "Bovine Tuberculosis in Ghana." In Tuberculosis in Animals: An African Perspective. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18690-6_15.
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Habarugira, Gervais, Joseph Rukelibuga, and Manassé Nzayirambaho. "Bovine Tuberculosis in Rwanda." In Tuberculosis in Animals: An African Perspective. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18690-6_18.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Tuberculosis in animals"
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Rimbu, Cristina Mihaela, Cristina Elena Horhogea, Catalin Carp-Carare, et al. "Aspecte privind epidemiologia speciilor Mycobacterium bovis și Mycobacterium caprae în județul Vaslui, Romania." In Scientific and practical conference with international participation: "Management of the genetic fund of animals – problems, solutions, outlooks". Scientific Practical Institute of Biotechnologies in Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61562/mgfa2023.57.
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Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae are species that be-long to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (CMT) complex, together with other species of va-rying clinical relevance, and are known to be the main causative agents of tuberculosis in animals and the primary causative agent of zoonotic tuberculosis. The aim of the study was to analyze the incidence indicators of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae species in cattle from Vaslui County, Romania. The study included the analysis of data from 2015-2021, obtained as a result of microbiological examinations of various biological samples prelevated from cattle with suspected tuberculosis. With the exception of 2020, there were animals with suspected tuberculosis from which 115 strains of Myco-bacterium sp. were isolated throughout the 2015-2020 period. All strains were serotyped and classified into two species: Mycobacterium bovis (5,21%) and Mycobacterium caprae (94,78%). Analysis of the dispersion over time of Mycobacterium species isolation showed that Mycobacterium bovis was identified sporadically (2016, 2017), while Mycobacterium caprae was isolated continuously, except in 2020, when a number of sanitary-veterinary services were interrupted due to the crisis situation caused by the pandemic COVID -19.
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Chen, Gang, Richard K. Chang, Paul Nachman, et al. "Measurement of laser-excited fluorescence spectra of individual airborne biological particles." In Biomedical Optical Spectroscopy and Diagnostics. Optica Publishing Group, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bosd.1996.ca4.
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We are developing laser based fluorescence particle counters and spectrum analyzers which should be useful for real-time monitoring of airborne bacteria, proteins or other particles. Improved methods for detecting and characterizing airborne particles could be useful in applications such as studying the spread of diseases of plants, animals, and humans, or determining the sources of particles in clean rooms. Many airborne bacteria, pollens and viruses are of medical, agricultural, or ecological interest. Some diseases of humans (e.g., tuberculosis), of farm animals, of agricultural crops, and of forest trees are commonly transmitted through the air. Some airborne pollens cause allergies in humans. Bacteria (e.g., Bacillus thuringensis) used to control certain pests are commonly disseminated through the air.
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AZEREDO, BEATRIZ SOARES DE, MAURICIO GALVAO LEAL DE SOUZA, PATRICIA DE FREITAS SALLA, et al. "AMEAÇAS AOS VEADOS SILVESTRES E O SEU POTENCIAL ZOONÓTICO NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL: REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA." In Brazilian Congress. brazco, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51162/brc.dev2020-00014.
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O veado-campeiro (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) e o veado-catingueiro (Mazama gouazoubira) sao duas, das seis especies de cervideos que ocorrem no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Atualmente, sao reconhecidas oito especies no Brasil. Com o decorrer dos anos, o tamanho das populacoes de cervideos reduziram de forma significativa decorrente da caca, competicao por alimento, doencas transmitidas por animais domesticos, e da diminuicao de seu habitat original. A caca, alem de ameacar os animais, tambem representa risco aos humanos que tem contato com a carne do animal cacado, desde o manuseio ate o consumo, pois trata-se de uma carne sem sanidade e procedencia e, por isso, ha grande chance de possuir e transmitir zoonoses. As zoonoses sao definidas pela Organizacao Mundial da Saude (OMS) como doencas ou infeccoes naturalmente transmissiveis entre animais vertebrados e seres humanos. Em relacao aos cervideos as zoonoses geralmente envolvidas sao a Tuberculose, Brucelose, Salmonelose, Leptospirose, Hepatite E e as Parasitoses. O objetivo deste trabalho e, por meio de esclarecimentos a respeito da biologia, as ameacas aos veados silvestres e o potencial zoonotico das especies supracitadas, protege-los e evitar a caca e o consumo de sua carne.,
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Serrano, Laura. "GANADERÍA SALUDABLE." In Mujeres en ingeniería: empoderamiento, liderazgo y compromiso. Asociacion Colombiana de Facultades de Ingeniería - ACOFI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26507/ponencia.2020.
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Actualmente, no se presenta un adecuado seguimiento y control de las enfermedades y tratamientos usados durante el ciclo de vida de los bovinos, lo cual perjudica la comercialización tanto de la carne como de la leche de estos animales al no contar con los requisitos que se establecen dentro de las normas de salubridad nacionales. De acuerdo con esto buscamos implementar un microchip que permita optimizar el seguimiento de los animales al centralizarse la información en una única base de datos que mejore la consulta y análisis de la información. La información que se almacenará en el microchip está relacionada con toda la información delsemoviente, desde su nacimiento hasta su muerte, incluyendo la alimentación de este y la información de enfermedades con las que se cuenta hereditariamente del animal. Por otra parte,se propone añadir al microchip; un sistema de geolocalización, para evitar la pérdida y robo de cabezas de ganado; incluyendo la información relacionada de cuando es el momento oportunopara que el ganado pueda ser preñado. El proyecto piloto cuenta con la participación de ganaderos de regiones del país como lo son enel Huila, Cundinamarca y Tolima, es importante resaltar que el ganado de estas regiones se caracteriza por ser bovinos destinados para producción lechera y de carne. ¿Por qué desarrollar el proyecto? Principalmente, se busca mejorar la calidad de los productos que se obtienen de la industria ganadera y paralelamente, prevenir la transmisión de enfermedades asociadas con la ganadería y que a la vez son perjudiciales para la salud humana. Dentro de las principales enfermedades se encuentran: Mastitis, babesiosis, brucelosis, Fiebre aftosa, tuberculosis, clostridios, leptospirosis. ¿Qué funcionalidad tendrá el proyecto? Para llevar a cabo el registro del seguimiento y control del ciclo de vida del semoviente incluyendo la adecuada alimentación y la salud de este, se demanda del uso de un software que permita almacenar estos datos para mejorar la calidad de su carne. ¿Cuál es su factor emocional? El mejoramiento de las condiciones de la calidad de vida del ganado no solo contribuye con la salud de animal sino también se mejora el posicionamiento de los productos de estos ganaderos.¿Cuál es su factor social? Control de la calidad del ganado para que al momento de ser sacrificadoel animal se encuentre en condiciones óptimas y por consiguiente se obtenga un producto decalidad. Al momento que al animal se le implante el microchip, se encargara de recolectar esos datos necesarios e importantes para llevar un estricto control de calidad, ya que, al momento de sacrificarlos, se puede contar con la información de la alimentación y de su historial de enfermedades y tratamientos, evitar que personas consuman carne y leche no certificada bajo los estándares de calidad
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Adji, Rahmat Setya, and Harimurti Nuradji. "Detection of zoonotic tuberculosis cases by culture and polymerase chain reaction in Indonesia." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (ICAST 2021). AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0143989.
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Feng, J., C. Shu, S. Pan, et al. "Association between PD-L1 expression in monocytes and treatment outcomes in active pulmonary tuberculosis- human and animal model." In ERS International Congress 2022 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2022.1236.
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Lenaerts, Anne J., Janet Gilliland, Colby Wells, et al. "Similar Bactericidal Activity But Improved Sterilizing Activity For Moxifloxacin-Containing Regimens Over The Standard Regimen For Tuberculosis In Animal Models." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a1835.
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Souza, Isaias Sena Moraes. "FATORES RELACIONADOS ÀS ZOONOSES EMERGENTES: REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA." In I Congresso Brasileiro de Parasitologia Humana On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/903.
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Introdução: As zoonoses são comorbidades naturalmente transmissíveis entre os animais e o homem, causadas por vírus, bactérias, protozoários, fungos, helmintos ou príons. Essas enfermidades são de grande relevância pública, pois podem ameaçar a economia, segurança e a saúde global, uma vez que representam 60.3% das doenças que acometem os humanos. Objetivo: Abordar os principais fatores relacionados à emergência de zoonoses no âmbito global e possíveis medidas preventivas para sua contenção. Material e métodos: Pesquisa nas bases de dados PubMed e SciELO de artigos científicos que tratam sobre a emergência de zoonoses e fatores intensificadores. Foram incluídos os termos “zoonoses, globalização, microrganismos”. Resultados: Conforme a humanidade e a revolução técnico-científica expandiam-se, o mundo tornou-se mais globalizado. As relações intraespecíficas entre pessoas de todo o globo e interespecíficas, entre humanos e outras espécies, elevaram-se através de fatores, como: a expansão da pecuária; domesticação e interação com animais selvagens; alimentação exótica; alterações demográficas e comportamentais, além do comércio e viagens internacionais. Os fatos enunciados levaram ao aumento da susceptibilidade da população e da transmissão de doenças, que, por sua vez, ocasionaram na emergência e reemergência de doenças infecciosas. A dificuldade em desenvolver vacinas para as comorbidades existentes, adaptação de microrganismos e a pobreza de países subdesenvolvidos, apresentam-se como agentes impulsionadores diferenciais. No último século, é possível destacar enfermidades como: ebola; febre amarela; tuberculose; SARS; Zika e dengue, que levaram a grandes perdas econômicas e humanas. A detecção precoce de patógenos, presença de uma rede informativa internacional, vigilância de variantes virais e bacterianas resistentes, formulação de estratégias de contenção, ademais, recursos globais bem distribuídos, são pontos-chave para uma prontaresposta eficaz. Conclusão: A globalização e o contato interespecífico ocorrem de modo contínuo. A possibilidade do surgimento ou reemergência de comorbidades com potencial de causar pandemias, está sempre presente, sendo necessária, portanto, a realização de esforços globais de identificação e contenção.
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Ruiloba, Cecilia. "Ciudades terapéuticas: la sostenibilidad urbana del pasado." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7943.
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En el siguiente estudio se propone un recorrido en paralelo a través de las ciudades
 terapéuticas ideadas a finales del siglo XIX y de las ciudades saludables, sostenibles y
 bioclimáticas de hoy. De este modo se estudian sus similitudes y diferencias, al tiempo que se
 descubre la capacidad de anticiparse que tienen las más antiguas, hecho que anima a seguir
 buscando en este antiguo urbanismo de la salud posibles soluciones aplicables al desarrollo
 urbano de las ciudades actuales y futuras.
 El estudio toma como referencia de ciudad terapéutica la teórica ciudad de Higeia descrita en
 1876 por el Dr. Benjamin Ward Richards en su libro Hygeia: A city of Health, y se compara con
 el Distrito de Kronsberg de la ciudad de Hannover creado con motivo de la Exposición
 Universal del año 2000, un paradigma internacional de urbanismo sostenible. En la
 comparación se detectan la proximidad existente entre ambos proyectos urbanos y cómo
 ciertos planteamientos, hoy considerados innovadores, ya estaban presentes en el siglo XIX.
 Del mismo modo, en las soluciones arquitectónicas aplicadas en las ciudades sanatoriales de
 la primera mitad del siglo XX, auténticas ciudades terapéuticas creadas para acabar con una
 enfermedad en concreto: la tuberculosis, como son la Ciudad Sanatorial de Clairvivre y la
 Ciudad Sanatorial de Sondalo, se buscan soluciones constructivas y climáticas capaces de
 producir un ahorro energético y una reducción de residuos que contribuyan a reducir la huella
 ecológica del planeta. The next study proposes a parallel journey through the therapeutic cities conceived at the end
 of the 19th century and today's healthy, sustainable and bio-climatic cities. In this way, we study
 their similarities and differences, while at the same time discovering how far ahead of their time the oldest ones were, thus spurring us on to continue looking to this healthy urbanity of the past
 in search of solutions applicable to the urban development of present-day and future cities.
 The study takes as its reference of a therapeutic city the theoretical city of Hygeia, described in
 1876 by Dr Benjamin Ward Richards in his book Hygeia: A City of Health, and it is compared to
 the district of Kronsberg in Hannover, created on the occasion of the Universal Expo in 2000, an
 international paradigm of sustainable urban development. The comparison reveals the proximity
 between the two urban projects and how certain approaches, today considered innovative, were
 already present in the 19th century. In the same way, in the architectural solutions applied in the
 sanatorium cities of the first half of the 20th century – true therapeutic cities created to bring an
 end to a specific disease: tuberculosis, such as the Sanatorium City of Clairvivre and that of
 Sondalo – construction and climate solutions are sought which are capable of producing energy
 savings and reducing waste, thus contributing to reducing the carbon footprint.
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Boff, Germano Ramos, Elan Jedson Lemos, Bruna Walter Pasetti, Leonardo Henrique Bertolucci, and Ricardo Antonio Boff. "A CASE REPORT: BREAST MYIASIS — AN UNCOMMON DISEASE." In XXIV Congresso Brasileiro de Mastologia. Mastology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942022v32s1015.
Full textAbstract:
Myiasis is a dermatosis resulting from flies’ larvae infestation in animal and human tissues. More prevalent in subtropical and tropical countries, it is related to lower social and economic levels. The fly species that can cause this pathology are Cordylobia anthropophaga, Cochliomyia hominivorax, and Dermatobia hominis. The infestation happens after eggs are deposited in a disrupted tissue or by an orifice caused by a fly sting and attacks cutaneous and mucous membranes in many body regions, including the breast. There is no person-to-person transmission. The larvae feed on the injured tissue, leading to pain and tissue destruction. The abscesses, tuberculosis, and inflammatory sebaceous cysts are clinical conditions to be ruled out in differential diagnosis. An abscess is the most common inflammatory breast condition, presenting with pain, erythema, and local heating. A cold abscess may lead to the suspicion of mycobacteria infection, mostly in lactating women. Otherwise, sebaceous cysts when inflamed may look like an abscess, but will not have fluctuation signs, and an ultrasound (US) image will help the diagnosis. The diagnosis is clinical and done by observing moving larvae or by US showing a well-defined lesion, with high echogenicity, and the presence of larvae. The best treatment option is manual larvae extraction, associated or not with paste vaseline or mineral oil covering the affected area, which causes larvae immobilization and asphyxia. The ideal treatment is to remove the larvae intact, because maceration leads to the release of irritating substances into the surrounding tissue. Surgery is not a good option. It is useful to prescribe an antibiotic regimen to treat or prevent infections. This case report allows the conclusion that myiasis is an uncommon breast pathology and sometimes may be ignored in the clinical setting. For this reason, its presence must always be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis of breast diseases in certain groups of patients coming from at-risk areas. A 56-yearold white female, obese, with low social and economic conditions, came to a public health outpatient clinic complaining of increasing volume, hardening, and skin alterations in the right breast (hyperemia and skin thickening) in the past 10 years. No investigation was done during this long period, but the symptoms worsened in the past 6 months and severe pain was reported by the patient. She was referred to a specialized center and a bilateral mammogram revealed an extensive asymmetry in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast with architectural distortion associated with uncountable atypical calcifications and diffuse dermal thickening, classified as BIRADS 5. Physical examination revealed the presence of bilateral, enlarged, suspected axillary lymph nodes. The patient underwent breast core biopsy that resulted in invasive breast cancer of nonspecial histologic type, Nottingham grade 3, molecular type luminal B (RE 20%, RP 30%, negative HER-2, and KI-67 60%/cells). After being staged with radiologic examinations, she was found with multiple bone metastases in the thoracic and lumbar bodies, as well as a lytic lesion in the left iliac wing. She started treatment with the oncology team using hormone therapy plus Zoledronic Acid plus chemotherapy. One month after beginning therapy, she went to an emergency unit presenting cavitations and dimpling in the right breast, associated with bullous lesions, necrosis, and bad smell. Physical examination demonstrated live moving larvae over the necrotic tissue, confirming the diagnosis of breast myiasis associated with a stage IV breast carcinoma.