Academic literature on the topic 'Tube-source radiography'
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Journal articles on the topic "Tube-source radiography"
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Weijers, René E., Alphons G. H. Kessels, Geert H. I. M. Walenkamp, Henk van Mameren, and Gerrit J. Kemerink. "Effect of Tube Angulation on the Measurement of Intermetatarsal Angles." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 95, no. 4 (July 1, 2005): 370–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/0950370.
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We systematically investigated the effect of tube angulation on angular distortion of the anteroposterior radiograph of the foot. Three-dimensional data from the metatarsals originating from computed tomographic scans of ten healthy volunteers were projected onto the supporting surface at various tube angulations to simulate radiography. The distortion of the intermetatarsal angles decreased from 1.2° to 3.5° at 20° tube angulation to 0.4° to 2.7° at 0° tube angulation. The relatively small improvement in angular measurement using 0° instead of 15° tube angulation would not outweigh the adverse effects of changing the standard radiographic technique. Physician awareness of this source of error when planning surgical therapy seems more important. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 95(4): 370–375, 2005)
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ALUKIC, Erna, Nika ZALOKAR, and Nejc MEKIŠ. "OPTIMISATION OF RADIOGRAPHIC PROCEDURES – LUMBAR SPINE IMAGING IN GENERAL RADIOGRAPHY." Medical Imaging and Radiotherapy Journal 38, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47724/mirtj.2021.i01.a001.
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Purpose: Any use of ionizing radiation must be justifi ed and the benefi t must be greater than the harm it causes. Imaging must be performed with the lowest possible dose received by the patient, while maintaining optimal radiographic image quality. Imaging of the lumbar spine is a relatively high dose imaging procedure. This systematic review aims to explore optimisation options to reduce patient exposure, while maintaining radiographic quality during plain lumbar spine imaging. Methods: A systematic review of the literature from the databases Pub Med Central, EBSCOhost including CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Science Direct, DiKUL and Springer Link was conducted. The documents were fully accessible and in the English language. Results: 26 experimental studies were included in the analysis. There are many optimisation methods: changing the tube potential, comparison of diff erent projections, use of shielding, primary beam collimation, increasing the source-to-image receptor distance, compression of the imaged area, using the air gap technique, evaluation of the need for additional projections, and rotating the patient depending on the tube side. On average, the dose is reduced by 44%. Studies that also evaluated the quality of radiographs found all radiographs to be diagnostically acceptable. Conclusion: The results confi rm a reasonable use of methods to optimize radiation exposure and to maintain an optimal image quality of radiographs. A systematic review for each specifi c area in general radiography should be conducted in the future. Keywords: lumbar spine imaging, optimisation, dose reduction, low dose, image quality
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Zulkiflee, Nur Damia Iwani, and Kamarul Amin Abdullah. "An Investigation of Exposure to the Eyes and Thyroid of Personnel Near to Patient in Abdominal Radiography: A Phantom Study." Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine 5, S1 (December 31, 2021): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2021.5.s1.447.
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Abdominal radiography is beneficial in a variety of clinical situations. Prior to the introduction of multiplanar imaging, it was considered as the main examination for gastrointestinal pathology. However, the radiation dose received is considered high since it is equivalent to the dose of at least 75 chest radiographs. Personnel including staff or relatives may be required to assist patients in many conditions, increasing unnecessary radiation and the likelihood of radiation-induced cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the radiation dose received by personnel when eyes and thyroid are exposed during abdominal radiography. The Rando and body phantoms were used to represent personnel and patients in this experimental approach. The dose was measured as entrance surface dose (ESD) by using TLD-100, which was positioned at the Rando phantom's eyes and thyroid. The study included a total of twenty exposures, five times at each of four distinct sites. The mean doses (eyes/thyroid in mGy) were (0.083/0.081), (0.090/0.087), (0.093/0.092), and (0.092/0.089), respectively, at locations 1, 2, 3, and 4. The results indicated that there was no correlation between organ and location affecting ESD measurement (p=0.960). There was no significant difference in dose between the two organs (p=0.355), with the mean difference in the eyes being 0.002 more than in the thyroid. The proximity of the eyes to the tube source contributed for the increased dose observed at the eyes. Though ESD was substantial for location pairings 1 vs. 3 (p=0.001) and 1 vs. 4 (p=0.015) owing to the anode-cathode phenomena. In conclusion, personnel should avoid the tube source and cathode region, since they give a greater dose of radiation, particularly when the personnel are closest to the patient and does not have eyes or thyroid protection.
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Alkhazishvili, Alexander V., Yuri N. Potrakhov, Aleksandr S. Misyurin, Alexandr V. Vodovatov, and Aleksey Y. Skripnik. "А mobile microfocal x-ray diagnostic complex in the imaging of premature newborns." Journal of Clinical Practice 12, no. 2 (July 23, 2021): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/clinpract65148.
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Background: In the modern clinical practice, providing fast, mobile and high-quality bedside X-ray imaging is important for managing newborn children . Thus, the development of new devices with all these features and their clinical application are of considerable significance. Aims: Estimation of the diagnostic capabilities of a microfocal X-ray diagnostic complex for the imaging of premature newborns. Methods: The study was performed at the facilities of Almazov National Medical Research Centre. The study included X-ray examinations of 156 premature newborns using the method of microfocus radiography: 139 X-ray images of the chest, 17 X-ray images of the abdomen. The imaging was performed using the projection magnification technique with a patient positioned close to the X-ray source. Results: The microfocal X-ray images showed the necessary quality for the diagnosis of pathological changes in the chest and abdomen in infants. The patient dose estimation was based on the radiation output of the X-ray unit and the tube current-time product. For the maximum values of the tube voltage, tube current and exposure time, the effective doses did not exceed 0.02 mSv, corresponding to the negligible radiation risk category. Conclusions: Microfocal radiography allows performing informative X-ray examinations of premature newborns, especially using the projection magnification technique. The use of a microfocal X-ray diagnostic complex allows reducing patient doses, increasing the mobility and usability of the X-ray equipment. The first experience of clinical application of microfocal radiography in neonatology and pediatrics with the projection magnification of an X-ray image was found successful. The implementation of this device in pediatric clinical practice will optimize the tactics of managing premature newborns.
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Shim, Young Sup, So Hyun Park, Seung Joon Choi, Su Joa Ahn, Seong Yong Pak, Han Jung, and Seong Ho Park. "Comparison of submillisievert CT with standard-dose CT for urolithiasis." Acta Radiologica 61, no. 8 (December 3, 2019): 1105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185119890088.
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Background Patients with renal stones receive multiple computed tomography (CT) examinations. We investigated whether submillisievert (sub-mSv) CT for stone detection could reduce radiation dose at exposure levels comparable to kidney, ureter, and bladder (KUB) radiography. Purpose To evaluate the radiation dose exposure, diagnostic performance, and image quality of sub-mSv non-contrast CT using advanced modelled iterative reconstruction algorithm with spectral filtration for the detection of urolithiasis. Material and Methods A total of 145 consecutive patients underwent non-contrast CT using a third-generation dual-source scanner to obtain two datasets, i.e. 16.7% (sub-mSv CT, tube detector A) and 100% (standard-dose CT, combination of tube detector A and B) tube loads with spectral filtration. The performance of sub-mSv CT for the detection of stones was analyzed by two readers and compared with that of standard-dose CT. Image quality was measured subjectively and objectively. Results In total, 171 stones were detected in 79 patients. The mean effective radiation doses of sub-mSv CT was 0.3 mSv. The sensitivity and specificity values for diagnosis of stones measuring ≥3 mm was 95.1% and 100% for sub-mSv CT. The sensitivity and specificity for all stone detection was 74.9% and 97.8%, respectivey, for sub-mSv CT. The image quality was lower for sub-mSv CT than for standard-dose CT ( P < 0.01). Conclusion Sub-mSv CT can be achieved with radiation doses close to KUB radiography. Sub-mSv CT with spectral filtration can be used to detect stones measuring ≥3 mm and be used as a follow-up imaging modality as an alternative to KUB radiography.
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Halls, B. R., J. R. Gord, L. E. Schultz, W. C. Slowman, M. D. A. Lightfoot, S. Roy, and T. R. Meyer. "Quantitative 10–50 kHz X-ray radiography of liquid spray distributions using a rotating-anode tube source." International Journal of Multiphase Flow 109 (December 2018): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2018.07.014.
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Alukić, Erna, and Nejc Mekiš. "LUMBAR SPINE RADIOGRAPHY: LOWER ORGAN DOSE WITH THE USE OF PA PROJECTION." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 186, no. 4 (April 29, 2019): 507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncz057.
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Abstract The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of the posteroanterior (PA) patient position in lumbar spine imaging on effective dose and the absorbed organ dose. The study was performed on 100 patients that were referred to the lumbar spine radiography that were divided into two equal groups of 50. Body Mass Index, Dose Area Product (DAP), exposure index (EXI), tube time-current (mAs), image field size and the source-patient distance were acquired for each patient. The entrance surface dose (ESD), the effective dose and the absorbed organ doses were calculated. There was no statistically significant difference in the BMI and EXI between the AP and PA projection. The results showed a significant reduction of ESD by 33% and the effective dose by 53% when the PA projection was used. Furthermore, there was a 64% average reduction of the absorbed organ doses to the selected organs.
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Yan, Weizhong, Ye Bai, Rui Xu, and V. Bogdan Neculaes. "X-ray source design optimization using differential evolution algorithms—A case study." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): 053101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0079389.
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Traditional x-ray sources used today for multiple applications, such as medical imaging (computed tomography, radiography, mammography, and interventional radiology) or industrial inspection, are vacuum based electron beam devices that include several key components, such as electron emitters, electron guns/cathodes, and anodes/targets. The associated electronics for electron beam generation, focusing and control, and beam acceleration are located outside the vacuum chamber. The general topology of these tubes has been directionally unchanged for more than 100 years; however, tube design remains a long, inefficient, tedious, and complex process; blind design of experiments do not necessarily make the process more efficient. As a case study, in this paper, we introduce the differential evolution (DE), an artificial intelligence-based optimization algorithm, for the design optimization of x-ray source beam optics. Using a small-scale design problem, we demonstrate that DE can be an effective optimization method for x-ray source beam optics design.
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Karaseva, O. V., Anastasia Yu Kharitonova, A. L. Gorelik, A. N. Kislyakov, and M. I. Kovalenko. "ILEAL INTESTINAL DUPLICATION, COMPLICATED BY RECURRENT INTESTINAL BLEEDING AND INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION. CLINICAL OBSERVATION." Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery 22, no. 2 (June 9, 2018): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1560-9510-2018-22-2-105-109.
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The aim is a demonstration of a rare clinical observation of cystic ileal duplication with a complex diagnostic search of the common source of recurrent bleedings. The boy of 7 years was on the treatment at the Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Traumatology due to frequent recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. There was performed a comprehensive examination, including laboratory and instrumental methods: common blood and urine test, biochemical blood tests, x-rays of the abdomen, scintigraphy, ultrasound of the abdominal organs, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy, video capsule endoscopic study. Results. The complex diagnostic search was performed. On the basis of the video capsule endoscopic examination and radiography of the abdominal cavity there was suspected the cystic duplication of the ileum with ulcerative defects as the source of bleeding. Upon completion of the examination and relief of post-hemorrhagic anemia there was executed the surgical treatment with resection of the changed area of the intestine and anastomosis “end to end”. The postoperative period was uneventful. Conclusion. Recurrent intestinal bleedings and bowel obstruction can be a complication of such rare malformation of the intestinal tube as the intestinal duplication. The use of modern diagnostic and surgical technology provides timely and minimally invasive treatment that leads to the rapid patient recovery, decline in overall costs and the cost of treatment.
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Saag, Lauren A., Marcelo Cordeiro-Santos, Afranio Kritski, Bruno Andrade, Solange Cavalcante, Betina Durovni, Megan Turner, Marina Figueiredo, Valeria Rolla, and Timothy Sterling. "2300 Association between source case cavitation on chest radiograph and QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube conversion among close contacts of active tuberculosis cases in Brazil." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 2, S1 (June 2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2018.45.
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT) conversion from negative to positive, is regarded as a marker of recent latent tuberculosis infection and may be predictive of incident active tuberculosis (TB) disease. However, it remains unclear how conversion is influenced by individual and environmental factors, including the infectiousness of the source case to whom the contact was exposed. We aimed to examine the effect of infectiousness of TB in the source case, as measured by presence of cavitation on chest X-ray, on the incidence of QFT conversion among close contacts of the pulmonary TB index case, after adjusting for potential confounding by contact and source case characteristics. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The Regional Prospective Observational Research for Tuberculosis (RePORT)-Brazil is an ongoing prospective cohort study that enrolls close contacts of culture-confirmed pulmonary TB patients and follows them for 24 months for development of active TB. Demographic, clinical, and diagnostic information are obtained at baseline and during follow-up at clinical visits and by telephone. QFT testing is performed at baseline and repeated after 6 months if the baseline QFT is negative. A positive IFN-γ value is defined as >0.35 IU/mL, as recommended by the manufacturer and the CDC, and QFT conversion is defined as a negative QFT at baseline followed by a positive QFT at 6 months. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Among 260 enrolled contacts with nonpositive baseline QFT results and 6 months of follow-up, 198 (76%) were retested with QFT 6 months after enrollment. Of those retested, 26 (13%) converted to positive. Presence of any cavitation in the source case, based on chest radiography, was significantly associated with QFT-conversion (ORunadjusted=2.4, 95% CI: 1.0–5.7). Additional univariate analyses revealed that QFT conversion was associated with black and brown race (compared with white race) of the contact, current smoking and current alcohol use in the source case. After adjusting for potential confounders (age, sex, and race of the contact and current smoking of the source case), the association between source case cavitation and QFT conversion remained (ORadjusted=2.5 95% CI: 1.0–6.2). As of December 6, 2017, none of the QFT-retested contacts had developed active TB, with a median follow-up of 12.3 months (IQR: 7.1–13.1). We anticipate that ongoing enrollment and follow-up may yield cases of active TB; future analyses will provide greater precision for examining predictors of QFT-conversion and its association with incident TB. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Our preliminary results agree with published literature suggesting the infectiousness of TB in the index case is a predictor of incident LTBI. Along with recent LTBI, immune suppression, HIV co-infection, and type 2 diabetes are considered risk factors for progression to active TB disease. Because only a small proportion of persons progress from LTBI to active TB disease, it is not appropriate to treat all persons with LTBI. Thus, more research is needed to identify groups at highest risk for QFT-conversion and incident TB disease, so these groups can be targeted for TB prevention, interventions, and facilitate a decline in TB incidence and mortality.
Conference papers on the topic "Tube-source radiography"
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Khaial, Anas M., Glenn D. Harvel, and Jen-Shih Chang. "Neutron Transport Characteristics of a Nuclear Reactor Based Dynamic Neutron Imaging System." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89504.
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An advanced dynamic neutron imaging system has been constructed in the McMaster Nuclear Reactor (MNR) for nondestructive testing and multi-phase flow studies in energy and environmental applications. A high quality neutron beam is required with a thermal neutron flux greater than 5.0×106 n/cm2-s and a collimation ratio of 120 at image plane to promote high-speed neutron imaging up to 2000 frames per second. Neutron source strength and neutron transport have been experimentally and numerically investigated. Neutron source strength at the beam tube entrance was evaluated experimentally by measuring the thermal and fast neutron fluxes, and simple analytical neutron transport calculations were performed based upon these measured neutron fluxes to predict facility components in accordance with high-speed dynamic neutron imaging and operation safety requirements. Monte-Carlo simulations (using MCNP-4B code) with multiple neutron energy groups have also been used to validate neutron beam parameters and to ensure shielding capabilities of facility shutter and cave walls. Neutron flux distributions at the image plane and the neutron beam characteristics were experimentally measured by irradiating a two-dimensional array of Copper foils and using a real-time neutron radiography system. The neutron image characteristics — such as neutron flux, image size, beam quality — measured experimentally and predicted numerically for beam tube, beam shutter and radiography cave are compared and discussed in detail in this paper. The experimental results show that thermal neutron flux at image plane is nearly uniform over an imaging area of 20.0-cm diameter and its magnitude ranges from 8.0×106 – 1.0×107 n/cm2-sec while the neutron-to-gamma ratio is 6.0×105 n/cm2-μSv.
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Halls, Benjamin R., Timothy B. Morgan, Theodore Heindel, Terrence R. Meyer, and Alan Kastengren. "High-speed radiographic spray imaging with a broadband tube source." In 52nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-0736.
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