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1

Moroi, T., T. Kuboki, and Makoto Murata. "Effect of Tube Wall Thickness in Joining of Aluminum Tube and Holed Rib by Extrusion." Key Engineering Materials 424 (December 2009): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.424.121.

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Existence of some holes at internal ribs enhances the function and value of the tubes. A new extrusion method is proposed here for the forming of this shape by extrusion with joining. The method involves the use of a unique mandrel that has a slit along its axis and two guides at the slit exit. A holed sheet is fed through the slit and joined with the inner surface of extrude tube. Effect of two parameters, that are tube-wall thickness and guide position h which is distance from guide top to die surface were clarified by FEA. Two kinds of three-dimensional analysis models were prepared. One of the analysis models treats the rib as rigid body to examine a gap between rib and tube. Another model treats the rib as the elasto-plasticity body as well as the billet to examine the effect of the guide position and the tube wall thickness on the rib deformation. The series of analyses was carried out with emphasis on the metal flow. The gap between tube and rib is able to be suppressed small and joining condition becomes satisfactory when guide position rose or tube wall was thin. When the guide position rose further, or the tube wall thickness was excessively thinner, the amount of the deformation of the rib increases, and it causes defects.
2

Patel, Nikunj K., Puneet Plaha, and Steven S. Gill. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Directed Method for Functional Neurosurgery Using Implantable Guide Tubes." Operative Neurosurgery 61, suppl_5 (November 1, 2007): ONS358—ONS366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000303994.89773.01.

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Abstract Objective: We present a magnetic resonance imaging-directed stereotactic system using implantable guide tubes for targeting deep brain nuclei in functional neurosurgery. Methods: Our method relies on visualization of the deep brain nuclei on high-resolution magnetic resonance images that delineate the target boundaries and enable direct targeting of specific regions of the nucleus. The delivery system comprises a modified stereoguide capable of delivering an implantable guide tube to the vicinity of the desired target. The guide tube (in-house investigational device) has a hub at its proximal end that is fixed within a burr hole and accommodates a radioopaque stylette that is inserted such that its distal end is at the desired target. After perioperative radiological confirmation of the stylette's relationship to the desired brain target, it is withdrawn from the guide tube, which may then act as a port for the implantation of an electrode for deep brain stimulation (DBS) or radiofrequency lesioning. Alternatively, the guide tube can be used to insert a catheter for drug delivery, cell transplantation, or viral-vector delivery. Implantation and verification are guided by magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography, which enable the entire procedure to be performed under general anesthesia. The technique of implantation helps ensure optimal accuracy, and we have successfully used this device for implanting electrodes for DBS in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia, and for implanting catheters for continuous delivery of glial-derived neurotrophic factor in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The device also aids in securely fixing the DBS electrode or catheter to the cranium with ease, limiting hardware problems. Results: A total of 205 guide tubes have been implanted in 101 patients. Major complications in these cases were limited to 4% of patients. At the initial implantations, 96.3% of the guide tubes were within 1.5 mm of the target. Ten guide tubes required reimplantation secondary to target errors. With corrections, the DBS electrode was delivered to within 1.5 mm from the planned target in all cases. Conclusion: This system provides a safe and accurate magnetic resonance imaging-directed system for targeting deep brain nuclei in functional neurosurgery under general anesthesia and avoids the need for electrophysiological monitoring.
3

Mohammed, Ibrahim. "ICONE19-43489 PRESSURIZED WATER REACTOR VESSEL INTERNALS GUIDE TUBE GUIDE CARD WEAR AGING MANAGEMENT." Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE) 2011.19 (2011): _ICONE1943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicone.2011.19._icone1943_196.

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4

Taylor, Stephen, Kaylee Sayer, Danielle Milne, Jules Brown, and Zeino Zeino. "Integrated real-time imaging system, ‘IRIS’, Kangaroo feeding tube: a guide to placement and image interpretation." BMJ Open Gastroenterology 8, no. 1 (October 2021): e000768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgast-2021-000768.

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BackgroundLung complications occur in 0.5% of the millions of blind tube placements. This represents a major health burden. Use of a Kangaroo feeding tubes with an ‘integrated real-time imaging system’ (‘IRIS’ tube) may pre-empt such complications. We aimed to produce a preliminary operator guide to IRIS tube placement and interpretation of position.MethodsIn a single centre, IRIS tubes were prospectively placed in intensive care unit patients. Characteristics of tube placement and visualised anatomy were recorded in each organ to produce a guide.ResultsOf 45 patients having one tube placement, 3 were aborted due to refusal (n=1) or inability to enter the oesophagus (n=2). Of 43 tubes placed beyond 30 cm, 12 (28%) initially entered the respiratory tract but all were withdrawn before reaching the main carina. We identified anatomical markers for the nasal or oral cavity (97.8%), respiratory tract (100%), oesophagus (97.6%), stomach (100%) and intestine (100%). Organ differentiation was possible in 100%: trachea-oesophagus, oesophagus-stomach and stomach-intestine. Gastric tube position was confirmed by aspiration of fluid with a pH <4.0 and/ or X-ray. Trauma was avoided in 13.6% by identifying that the tube remained in the nasal lumen in the presence of a base of skull fracture (n=3) and in the stomach in the presence of recently bleeding polyps or mucosa (n=3). A systematic guide was produced from records of tube placement and interpretation of anatomical images.ConclusionBy permitting real-time confirmation of tube position, direct vision may reduce risk of lung complications. The preliminary operator guide requires validation in larger studies.
5

Ball, David R., and Steven J. Barker. "A Simpler Endotracheal Tube Guide." Anesthesia & Analgesia 81, no. 2 (August 1995): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000539-199508000-00045.

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6

Upton, Thomas E. "A Simpler Endotracheal Tube Guide." Anesthesia & Analgesia 81, no. 2 (August 1995): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000539-199508000-00046.

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7

Upton, Thomas E. "A Simple Endotracheal Tube Guide." Anesthesia & Analgesia 79, no. 6 (December 1994): 1215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/00000539-199412000-00055.

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8

Ball, David R., and Steven J. Barker. "A Simpler Endotracheal Tube Guide." Anesthesia & Analgesia 81, no. 2 (August 1995): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/00000539-199508000-00045.

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9

Upton, Thomas E. "A Simpler Endotracheal Tube Guide." Anesthesia & Analgesia 81, no. 2 (August 1995): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/00000539-199508000-00046.

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10

Isaacson, Glenn, and Richard M. Rosenfeld. "Care of the Child With Tympanostomy Tubes: A Visual Guide for the Pediatrician." Pediatrics 93, no. 6 (June 1, 1994): 924–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.93.6.924.

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More than 2 million tympanostomy tubes are placed annually in the United States, primarily in children with chronic or recurrent otitis media refractory to nonsurgical management (J.S. Reilly, personal communication, 1994). Traditionally, the operating otolaryngologist has had the responsibility of caring for these patients, including: confirming middle ear disease, assuring tube patency, controlling refractory otorrhea, and managing complications such as tympanic membrane perforation or cholesteatoma. In response to pressures from a changing health care system, pediatricians are less able to refer children back to the otolaryngologist for routine tube surveillance, and must therefore perform it themselves, often with incomplete instrumentation and training. An approach is presented here for the care of the child with tympanostomy tubes based on the authors' combined experience with thousands of intubated children, and on available information from the pediatric and otolaryngic literature. With appropriate postoperative surveillance and follow-up care, the morbidity from tympanostomy tubes can be minimized. Although there are other ways of achieving the same goals, these time-honored methods are safe and effective. Because this is a visual guide, photographs are liberally interspersed to clarify and reinforce the written material. NORMAL TUBE APPEARANCE There are hundreds of different tube designs and materials and at least five different potential insertion sites in the tympanic membrane. This bewildering array of devices can be reduced to two general types: short-term tubes (intended to remain in the eardrum for 8 to 15 months) and long-term tubes (intended to remain in the eardrum &gt; 15 months) (Fig 1A and B).
11

Young, R. J., M. J. Chapman, R. Fraser, R. Vozzo, D. P. Chorley, and S. Creed. "A Novel Technique for Post-pyloric Feeding Tube Placement in Critically Ill Patients: A Pilot Study." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 33, no. 2 (April 2005): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0503300212.

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Delivery of enteral nutrition in critically ill patients is often hampered by gastric stasis necessitating direct feeding into the small intestine. Current techniques for placement of post-pyloric feeding catheters are complex, time consuming or both, and improvements in feeding tube placement techniques are required. The Cathlocator™ is a novel device that permits real time localisation of the end of feeding tubes via detection of a magnetic field generated by a small electric current in a coil incorporated in the tip of the tube. We performed a pilot study evaluating the feasibility of the Cathlocator™ system to guide and evaluate the placement of (1) nasoduodenal feeding tubes, and (2) nasogastric drainage tubes in critically ill patients with feed intolerance due to slow gastric emptying. A prospective study of eight critically ill patients was undertaken in the intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital. The Cathlocator™ was used to (1) guide the positioning of the tubes post-pylorically and (2) determine whether nasogastric and nasoduodenal tubes were placed correctly. Tube tip position was compared with data obtained by radiology. Data are expressed as median (range). Duodenal tube placement was successful in 7 of 8 patients (insertion time 12.6 min (5.3–34.4)). All nasogastric tube placements were successful (insertion time 3.4 min (0.6–10.0)). The Cathlocator™ accurately determined the position of both tubes without complication in all cases. The Cathlocator™ allows placement and location of an enteral feeding tube in real time in critically ill patients with slow gastric emptying. These findings warrant further studies into the application of this technique for placement of post-pyloric feeding tubes.
12

Kumar Krovvidi, S. C. S. P., C. S. Surendran, N. Chakraborthy, B. K. Sreedhar, Jose Varghese, G. Padmakumar, S. Raghupathy, K. K. Rajan, and P. Chellapandi. "Experience with Material Combinations for Sliding Applications in PFBR In-Vessel Fuel Handling Machine." Advanced Materials Research 794 (September 2013): 705–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.794.705.

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Prototype Fast breeder Reactor (PFBR) is a pool type reactor of 500 MW(e) capacity using mixed oxides of Uranium and Plutonium as fuel and liquid sodium as coolant, which is currently under advanced stage of construction at Kalpakkam. In-Vessel handling of the core subassemblies (SA) is carried out by an offset arm type machine called Transfer Arm (TA). Different types of material combinations are utilized for various sliding pairs used in the machine for various motions. Criteria for the selection of these material combinations are decided by the compatibility of the respective machine element with the working environment, magnitude of the contact stress, working temperature, linear speed, availability of external lubrication, required life, required tolerance etc. Transfer of a SA is achieved by gripping/ungripping of SA using fingers, raising / lowering the gripper outer tube and rotation of TA. The drive for gripper finger operation is at ambient environment and finger actuation is in liquid sodium. An inner tube links the linear actuator to the finger actuator and is housed and guided inside the gripper outer tube. Relative movement of inner tube with respect to outer tube results in open / closing of gripper fingers. Initially, combination of material pairs at five nos. of guide locations was SS 304 LN for the outer tube and hardchrome plated SS 304 LN for inner tube. During testing in air after 20 cycles, jamming of inner tube with respect to outer tube was observed. This was solved by reducing number of guides to two, by changing the surface contact to line contact and by changing the material combination to SS 304 LN against colmonoy coated SS 304 LN. Similar failure was observed for sliding movement at guide locations between the outer tube and shielding sleeve during hoisting of the gripper. Initial material combination of SS 304LN and hardchrome plated SS 304 LN was changed to colmonoy coated SS 304LN and hardchrome plated SS 304 LN. The selected material combinations were validated by testing on a separate subassembly simulating the geometry & loading before actual implementation on the machine. Guide tube, which is used to guide the gripper is raised / lowered by means of a screw-nut mechanism. Initial material pair used for the screw and nut, which are working at ambient conditions was SS 304LN and SS 410 respectively to provide corrosion & galling resistance. However during initial performance testing, this material combination failed and the nut got jammed. Subsequently the problem was studied and overcome by changing the material of nut to phosphor bronze, which is relatively softer and hence provided uniform contact across the nut surfaces. Appropriate material selection and proper design of the geometry of guiding surfaces are very essential for the smooth operation of machine elements in sliding conditions. With improvements in the material choice and geometry of the guides, qualification testing of transfer arm was successfully completed in air and hot argon. Testing in sodium is under progress and the experience at high temperature has been encouraging.
13

Ukeh, Ifechi, Adam Fang, Sandhya Patel, Kwaku Opoku, and Nariman Nezami. "Percutaneous Chest Tube for Pleural Effusion and Pneumothorax." Seminars in Interventional Radiology 39, no. 03 (June 2022): 234–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1751295.

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AbstractChest tubes are placed in the pleural space to evacuate abnormal fluid or air accumulations. Various types and sizes of chest tubes are available. Imaging including ultrasound, computed tomography, and fluoroscopy should be used to guide chest tube placement. Understanding the anatomy of the pleural space, along with the etiology and classification of pleural space disease, can help optimize chest tube management. This article will review the indications, contraindications, techniques, and postprocedure follow-up of chest tube placement as well as discuss the management and prevention of complications.
14

Janečková, Lenka, Stanislav Darula, and Daniela Bošová. "Comparison of Two Coating Material Reflections of Hollow Light Guide Tube." Advanced Materials Research 1041 (October 2014): 412–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1041.412.

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This paper discusses tube transmission efficiency of two straight hollow light guides. Two samples with diameter of 530 mm and length 1170 mm were investigated under the artificial sky in the laboratory at ICA SAS in Bratislava. The entering luminous flux was calculated from measured illuminance in the point located on the top of light guide. Below the bottom of the light guide was located a set of measuring points on the special construction in the shape of a cross. In these points, one by one, the elementary illuminances were measured and the luminous fluxes leaving the light guide were calculated. Paper presents methodology for laboratory light transmission measurements and discusses effects of two various coating materials on light transmission efficiency of hollow light guides.
15

Irving, R. M., N. S. Jones, C. M. Bailey, and J. Melville. "A guide to the selection of paediatric tracheostomy tubes." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 105, no. 12 (December 1991): 1046–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002221510011816x.

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AbstractA large range of tracheostomy tube types and sizes are available for use in children. Regional preference, rather than individual patient assessment, tends to determine selection. We present a table designed to assist with appropriate size selection, and discuss the relative merits and shortcomings of the tubes currently available.
16

Wyllie, Robert. "Changing the tube: a pediatrician’s guide." Current Opinion in Pediatrics 16, no. 5 (October 2004): 542–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.mop.0000138678.93803.21.

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17

Alaswad, A., K. Y. Benyounis, and A. G. Olabi. "Tube hydroforming process: A reference guide." Materials & Design 33 (January 2012): 328–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.07.052.

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18

Gallacher, Bernard P. "An atraumatic nasogastric tube guide probe." American Journal of Emergency Medicine 13, no. 2 (March 1995): 252–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(95)90117-5.

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19

Isaacson, Glenn. "Tympanostomy Tubes—A Visual Guide for the Young Otolaryngologist." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 99, no. 1_suppl (June 18, 2020): 8S—14S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145561320929885.

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Objectives: To illustrate some of the common dilemmas in tympanostomy tube care and describe time-tested ways to address them. Methods: Computerized literature review. Results: Issues including the correct diagnosis of recurrent acute otitis media, tympanostomy tube types and techniques for tube placement, management of tube clogging and otorrhea, and methods for tube removal and patching are illustrated. Conclusions: Tympanostomy tube placement is the most common surgery performed in children requiring general anesthesia. While some elements of tympanostomy tube care have been addressed in clinical studies, much of clinical practice is guided by shared experience.
20

Tu, Zecan, Daniela Piccioni Koch, Nenad Sarunac, Martin Frank, and Junkui Mao. "Thermal Analysis of a Solar External Receiver Tube with a Novel Component of Guide Vanes." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 16, 2021): 2253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082253.

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The heat transfer performance of a solar external receiver tube with guide vanes was numerically studied under non-uniform heat flux conditions. Models of the smooth tube and the tube with guide vanes were built. The distributions of the temperature, velocity, turbulence intensity, and Nu predicted by these two models were compared to investigate the heat transfer enhancement and the mixing effect of the guide vanes. The effect of the Re and the α on the heat transfer enhancement was also studied. The results show that the guide vanes form spiraling flows, reduce the maximum tube and molten salt temperatures, and improve the heat transfer. In addition, a more uniform temperature distribution is achieved compared to the smooth tube, allowing the molten salt to work safely under higher heat flux conditions in the receiver tube with guide vanes. It was observed that a larger Re enhances the heat transfer on the tube wall and achieves a longer effective distance of enhanced heat transfer in the downstream region, while the spiraling flow, the heat transfer enhancement, and the mixing are stronger for a larger α.
21

Shimoyama, T., T. Kato, Norio Horie, D. Nasu, and T. Kaneko. "Oropharyngeal airway appliance for infant with upper airway obstruction: report of a case." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 27, no. 1 (September 1, 2003): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.27.1.69h1nxnt137p060q.

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A palatal appliance with oropharyngeal tube that reduces the upper airway obstructions of an elevenmonth-old male infant with severe cerebral palsy is presented. The palatal appliance was composed of the base plate, the outer guide tube that held the oropharyngeal tube inside it, and the extra outer guide tube for the suction catheter. After the setting of the appliance, respiratory distress was improved without side effects.
22

Warrillow, S. "Difficult Intubation Managed Using Standard Laryngeal Mask Airway, Flexible Fibreoptic Bronchoscope and Wire Guided Enteral Feeding Tube." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 33, no. 5 (October 2005): 659–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0503300518.

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This case report describes an alternative method of achieving trans-oral intubation in a patient with a difficult airway who was apnoeic secondary to the therapeutic administration of a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug given to aid laryngoscopy. After attempts to intubate were unsuccessful by means of direct laryngoscopy utilizing various aids including bougies, a standard laryngeal mask airway was used to ventilate the patient and subsequently, with a swivel Y-connector attached in order to maintain PEEP, to aid the passage of a bronchoscope. The flexible guide-wire from an enteral feeding tube was then passed through the suction port of the bronchoscope into the trachea, after which the laryngeal mask airway and bronchoscope were withdrawn. By passing the enteral feeding tube over the guide-wire and then using this as a guide, a cuffed endotracheal tube was inserted into the trachea. The technique described permitted the continuous application of positive airway pressure, which dramatically improved the bronchoscopic view during the crucial step of placing the guide-wire into the trachea. Passing the feeding tube over the guide-wire aided the subsequent passage of the endotracheal tube, by acting as a stiffer and larger diameter guide through the glottis.
23

Hashishin, Yuichi, and Uichi Kubo. "FLEXIBLE HOLLOW GUIDE TUBE FOR CO2 LASER." JOURNAL OF JAPAN SOCIETY FOR LASER SURGERY AND MEDICINE 5, no. 3 (1985): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2530/jslsm1980.5.3_273.

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Bloch, E. G., K. Ossey, and B. Ginsberg. "Intubation guide marks for correct tube placement." Anaesthesia 48, no. 2 (February 22, 2007): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1993.tb06871.x.

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Snow, Nicholas D., Myra Almon, and John Baillie. "Minnesota tube placement using a guide wire." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 36, no. 4 (July 1990): 420–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5107(90)71091-7.

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AKIYOSHI, Tsunekazu, Tohru EBISAWA, Takeshi KAWAI, Fukuo YOSHIDA, Masayoshi ONO, Seiji TASAKI, Sigesi MITANI, Tohru KOBAYASHI, and Sunao OKAMOTO. "Development of a Supermirror Neutron Guide Tube." Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 29, no. 10 (October 1992): 939–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18811248.1992.9731617.

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Tokumine, Joho, Hiroshi Iha, Yoshiaki Okuda, Keiko Ishigaki, Masakatu Oshiro, Seiya Nakamura, Makoto Fuchibe, and Kouji Teruya. "Gastric tube guide-equipped laryngeal mask airway." Journal of Anesthesia 14, no. 4 (October 25, 2000): 221–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005400070012.

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Eagle, C. C. P. "The Relationship between a Person's Height and Appropriate Endotracheal Tube Length." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 20, no. 2 (May 1992): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x9202000206.

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The relationship between a person's height and the dimensions of that person's upper airways has been studied in adult subjects. Using this relationship, formulae have been derived which predict appropriate lengths for endotracheal tubes. The formulae are as follows: 1. Orotracheal tube (teeth to mid-point of trachea) [Formula: see text] 2. Orotracheal tube (teeth to mid-point of trachea + 3 cm) [Formula: see text] 3. Nasotracheal tube (external naris to mid-point of trachea) [Formula: see text] These formulae are not foolproof but provide a useful working guide. All usual comfirmatory tests of correct placement should be employed.
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Moise, Alexander, Adam Centomo-Bozzo, Ostap Orishchak, Mohammed K. Alnoury, and Sam J. Daniel. "Can ChatGPT Guide Parents on Tympanostomy Tube Insertion?" Children 10, no. 10 (September 30, 2023): 1634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10101634.

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Background: The emergence of ChatGPT, a state-of-the-art language model developed by OpenAI, has introduced a novel avenue for patients to seek medically related information. This technology holds significant promise in terms of accessibility and convenience. However, the use of ChatGPT as a source of accurate information enhancing patient education and engagement requires careful consideration. The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy and reliability of ChatGPT in providing information on the indications and management of complications post-tympanostomy, the most common pediatric procedure in otolaryngology. Methods: We prompted ChatGPT-3.5 with questions and compared its generated responses with the recommendations provided by the latest American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation (AAO-HNSF) “Clinical Practice Guideline: Tympanostomy Tubes in Children (Update)”. Results: A total of 23 responses were generated by ChatGPT against the AAO-HNSF guidelines. Following a thorough review, it was determined that 22/23 (95.7%) responses exhibited a high level of reliability and accuracy, closely aligning with the gold standard. Conclusion: Our research study indicates that ChatGPT may be of assistance to parents in search of information regarding tympanostomy tube insertion and its clinical implications.
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Takimoto, Hiroshi, Kousuke Iwaisako, Shigeki Kubo, Kazunori Yamanaka, Jun Karasawa, and Toshiki Yoshimine. "Transaqueductal aspiration of pontine hemorrhage with the aid of a neuroendoscope." Journal of Neurosurgery 98, no. 4 (April 2003): 917–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2003.98.4.0917.

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✓ The authors advocate the use of a 1.7-mm fiberscope to evaluate a hypertensive bilateral tegmental pontine hemorrhage that has ruptured, in part, into the fourth ventricle. In applying this new technique, a fiberscope, which contains a guide tube in the working channel, is inserted into the aqueduct. After the endoscope has been removed, a silicone tube is slid along the guide tube. The hematoma is evacuated through the silicone tube and a potassium titanyl phosphate laser is used to achieve hemostasis.
31

Fei, Ji You, Qi Chao Guo, Hua Li, and Ran Deng. "Study on the Intervascular Two-Phase Flow Characters of Horizontal-Tube Falling Film Evaporator." Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (May 2012): 208–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.208.

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In this paper, the mathematical model of a horizontal-tube falling film evaporator that used in air condition and refrigeration system was founded. The evaporative tubes of the evaporator were cold and staggered arrangement. The numerical simulation of the intervascular flow of the oil-bearing refrigerant R134a was carried out, under the conditions of varies flow mode and varies structures of distributed equipment. Under the standard condition of air conditioning, the study of the intervascular two-phase flow characters of the horizontal-tube falling film evaporator were analyzed in the last. The research achievements can provide theoretical laws for relief the effects of the intervascular vapor shear stress on the quality of the liquid film formed outside the evaporative tubes. And the conclusions have practical and guide means for the horizontal-tube falling film evaporator design and evaporative tubes arrangement optimization.
32

Benstead, T., C. Jackson-Tarlton, and D. Leddin. "Enteral nutrition in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): Canadian practices." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 42, S1 (May 2015): S33—S34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2015.157.

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Background: Dysphagia from ALS may be treated by enteral nutrition; however criteria for timing of feeding tube placement has not been well studied. The aim of this project was to better understand the practice of enteral nutrition management within Canadian ALS clinics. Methods: ALS clinics were asked if they had written guidelines for timing of PEG insertion and if not, what criteria they use to make this decision. Results: Responses from 10 of 17 clinics were received. One clinic had written guidelines. Most used decline in respiratory function, dysphagia, weight loss or some combination of all three. Six clinics reported dropping FVC, ranging from 70% to 50% as prompting tube insertion. Five clinics reported weight loss as part of their criteria. Dysphagia was reported as the most important factor by 7 clinics. Psychological readiness for tube placement was a key factor in 3 clinics. Some clinics comment they place tubes in advance of dysphagia. Conclusion: Criteria for tube insertion varies between clinics. Practices generally reflect published recommendations, but vary on the emphasis of specific criteria. The lack of strong scientific evidence to guide decisions may contribute to management variability. Further study is needed to guide practice.
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Li, Huanmin, Zhuo You, and Hao Zhang. "Experimental investigation on the heat transfer enhancement of steam condensation on tube with hydrophilic-hydrophobic hybrid surface." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2280, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2280/1/012059.

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Abstract The heat transfer enhancement of steam condensation on tube with hydrophilic-hydrophobic hybrid surface have been investigated comprehensively through experiment. It has been found that the steam condensation heat transfer performance on the tube with hydrophilic-hydrophobic hybrid surface has been enhanced significantly compared to that with hydrophilic surface. The results show that the steam pressure, cooling water velocity (flow rate) and non-condensable gas have influences on the steam condensation heat transfer performance on both tubes. The steam condensation heat transfer enhancement on the tube with hydrophilic-hydrophobic surfaces is due to the droplet drainage from hydrophobic stripes to hydrophilic stripes accelerating the discharge and formation of condensate from the tube. This work can be a guide for the design of enhanced condensing heat exchanger.
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Krafft, Peter, Martin Roggla, Peter Fridrich, Gottfried J. Locker, Michael Frass, and Jonathan L. Benumof. "Bronchoscopy via a Redesigned Combitube(TM) in the Esophageal Position." Anesthesiology 86, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 1041–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199705000-00006.

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Background The esophageal-tracheal Combitube (Kendall-Sheridan Catheter Corp., Argyle, NY) is an effective device for providing adequate gas exchange. However, tracheal suctioning is impossible with the Combitube placed in the esophageal position. To eliminate this disadvantage, the Combitube was redesigned by creating an enlarged hole in the pharyngeal lumen that allows fiberoptic access, tracheal suctioning, and tube exchange over a guide wire. Methods The two anterior, proximal perforations of regular Combitubes were replaced by a larger, ellipsoid-shaped hole. After the study was approved by the institutional review board, 20 patients with normal airways (Mallampati I or II) were studied. During general anesthesia, patients were esophageally intubated with the Combitube. A flexible bronchoscope was inserted and guided via the modified hole and glottic opening down the trachea. For the replacement procedure, a J tip guide wire was introduced through the bronchoscope. The bronchoscope and the Combitube were removed and a standard endotracheal tube was advanced over a guide catheter. Results Bronchoscopic evaluation of the trachea and guided replacement of the Combitube by an endotracheal tube was successful in all 20 study patients. The average time needed to perform airway exchange was 90 +/- 20 s (mean +/- SD). Arterial oxygen saturation and end-tidal carbon dioxide levels remained normal in all patients. No case of laryngeal trauma was observed during intubation or the airway exchange procedure. Conclusions The redesigned Combitube enables fiberoptic bronchoscopy, fine-tuning of its position in the esophagus, and guided airway exchange in patients with normal airways. Further studies are warranted to demonstrate its value in patients with abnormal airways.
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Helps, Tim, Adithya Vivek, and Jonathan Rossiter. "Characterization and Lubrication of Tube-Guided Shape-Memory Alloy Actuators for Smart Textiles." Robotics 8, no. 4 (November 8, 2019): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics8040094.

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Smart textiles are flexible materials with interactive capabilities such as sensing, actuation, and computing, and in recent years have garnered considerable interest. Shape-memory alloy (SMA) wire is a well-suited for smart textiles due to its high strength, small size, and low mass. However, the contraction of SMA wire is low, limiting its usefulness. One solution to increasing net contraction is to use a long SMA wire and guide it inside a tube that is wound back and forth or coiled inside a smart textile. In this article, we characterize the performance of tube-guided SMA wire actuators. We investigate the effect of turn radius and number of loops, showing that the stroke of an SMA-based system can be improved by up to 69.81% using the tube-guided SMA wire actuator concept. Finally, we investigate how tube-guided SMA wire actuators can be lubricated to improve their performance. Coarse graphite powder and tungsten disulfide lubricant both delivered improvements in stroke compared with an unlubricated system.
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Brodsky, J. B., A. Macario, W. B. Cannon, and J. B. D. Mark. "“Blind” Placement of Plastic Left Double-Lumen Tubes." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 23, no. 5 (October 1995): 583–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x9502300509.

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A prospective analysis of placement of left-sided plastic double-lumen tubes in 100 patients is presented. Intubation of the left bronchus was successfully accomplished using only auscultation and clinical signs (“blind” placement) in 91 patients. Double-lumen tubes were positioned in less than five minutes in 84 patients. The most common problem encountered (30%) was initial intubation of the right main bronchus. Seven of these patients required bronchoscopic assistance to guide the tube into the left bronchus. There were four minor intraoperative complications due to DLT malposition that were recognized and corrected by withdrawing the tube slightly back in the bronchus. The plastic double-lumen tubes functioned properly during the procedure in all 100 patients.
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Tamatey, Martin, MM Tettey, F. Edwin, Kow Entsua-Mensah, B. Gyan, I. Okyere, IK Adzamli, et al. "A Formula for the Determination of Appropriate Chest Tube Size and Length of Insertion in Children." Postgraduate Medical Journal of Ghana 12, no. 1 (March 15, 2023): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.60014/pmjg.v12i1.307.

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Introduction: Chest tubes are inserted regularly in clinical practice. It is a life-saving therapeutic procedure. But there can be complications if the appropriate size or length of insertion is not considered carefully. There are charts that guide, but there is no clear mathematical relationship between the age and body surface area (BSA), and the appropriate size and length of insertion. We carried out this study to develop a formula that provides a more precise guide using the child’s age or BSA. Additionally, in the absence of a chart, the clinician can easily remember the formula to determine the most appropriate size and length. Patients and methods: Children aged 12 years and below who had chest tube insertion at the National Cardiothoracic Centre from July 2015 to August 2016 were retrospectively enrolled into the study. The inclusion criteria was those who had the chest tube data recorded in their notes. This was the derivative cohort. The chest tube type used was SURUCATH ULTRA®. The BSA was calculated using the Mosteller formula. The statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft excel 2013. Formulae were developed from the data of the derivative cohort, and used to determine the appropriate chest tube size and length of insertion on a validation cohort from January 2021 to April 2022. Results: In the derivative cohort, there were 50 children, 34.0% being males. The mean age was 4.2 ± 2.9 years. The weight ranged from 3.5 – 50 kg, the height ranged from 50 – 159 cm and the body surface area ranged from 0.2 – 1.5 m2. In the validation cohort, there were 56 children, 48.0% being males. The mean age was 4.4 ± 2.8. The weight ranged from 5 – 40 kg, the height ranged from 54 – 152 cm and the body surface area ranged from 0.3 – 1.3 m2. The outcome of the validation was good. The chest tubes functioned well and there were no chest tube-associated complications. The formulae obtained were S (FG) = A + 16, L (cm) = 0.3A + 3.5, S (FG) = 6B + 16, L (cm) = 3.5B + 3, where S is the size of the chest tube, A is the age in years, L is the length of insertion and B is the body surface area. Conclusion: A formula can be developed to guide in determining the most appropriate chest tube size and length of insertion in children, using the age and body surface area.
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Kinney, MR, KT Kirchhoff, and KA Puntillo. "Chest tube removal practices in critical care units in the United States." American Journal of Critical Care 4, no. 6 (November 1, 1995): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc1995.4.6.419.

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BACKGROUND: Pain assessment and management are recognized as major problems in critical care settings. However, little is known about pain management practices related to medical procedures performed in the ICU, particularly removal of chest tubes. OBJECTIVES: To describe practices related to chest tube removal in the United States, with an emphasis on pain assessment and management. METHODS: A survey instrument was developed and mailed to 995 members of the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses who cared for patients with chest tubes. They were asked about chest tube removal practices in their institutions. RESULTS: Chest tubes are removed primarily by physicians and house staff, although 11% of respondents reported that specially trained nurses removed the tubes. Only 16% indicated that a prescription for pain medication was routinely available before chest tube removal. The drug administered most frequently was intravenous morphine sulfate, but the dose varied considerably. Nurses were generally satisfied (65.6%) with practices related to chest tube removal in their unit; nurses who were not satisfied (34.4%) wished to see better pain management practices (45%), removal of tubes by the patient's assigned nurse (17.8%), a protocol for tube removal (13.9%), notification of the nurse before removal (12.2%), and other changes (10%). CONCLUSIONS: Practices associated with chest tube removal, especially pharmacologic management of procedure-related pain, vary in critical care units. Caregivers are advised to develop practice policies to guide decisions about management of acute pain in this patient population.
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Joy, J., M. Raisee, and M. J. Cervantes. "Draft tube guide vane system to mitigate pressure pulsations." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1079, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1079/1/012048.

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Abstract The present study introduces the concept of mitigating pressure pulsations in a hydro-turbine draft tube. The concept refers to using an adjustable guide vane system in the draft tube. The adjustability relates to its ability to rotate around an axis. The test rig for the experimental study is a high-head Francis model turbine. Three sets of guide vanes are distributed evenly circumferentially in the draft tube. Each guide vanes consists of two hydrofoils. The upper hydrofoil can move around an axis. The lower hydrofoil is fixed. The turbine operating head for the experiments was 12 m. The operating condition considered is at part load, for Q/Q BEP = 0.71. The results indicate that using the guide vanes in the draft tube, the plunging mode of the rotating vortex rope becomes insignificant for nearly all upper hydrofoil configurations considered. The reduction in the rotating mode of the vortex rope is between 50% and 80%. The vortex rope frequency shifts from 0.307·f 0 and varies between 0.33·f 0 to 0.617·f 0 , which is a function of upper hydrofoil angles
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Li, Qifei, Lu Xin, Gengda Xie, Siqi Liu, and Qifan Wang. "Influence of Guide Vane Profile Change on Draft Tube Flow Characteristics of Water Pump Turbine." Processes 10, no. 8 (July 29, 2022): 1494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10081494.

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In order to study the influence of the change of the guide vane airfoil on the flow characteristics in the draft tube of a reversible hydraulic turbine, a reversible hydraulic turbine was used as the object of study, and the effect of the change on the flow pattern, energy loss, and pressure pulsation in the draft tube area was studied based on the SST k-ω turbulence model. The results show that under low flow conditions, the modified movable guide vane directly affects the direction and speed of water entering the draft tube, reduces the density of vortex in the draft tube area, reduces the impact on the near wall of the draft tube during the rotation of the vortex belt, and improves the stability of the unit operation. The turbulent energy comparison graph shows that the energy loss in the bent elbow section and the diffusion section of the draft tube is reduced, and the energy return coefficient of the draft tube is improved by calculating that the energy recovery level of the draft tube is improved under different operating conditions. A comparative analysis of the pressure pulsation in the draft tube area before and after the modification in combination with the development of the vortex belt shows that the modified movable guide vane effectively reduces the vibration intensity in the draft tube area and improves the stable operation threshold of the unit.
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Schieren, Mark, and Jerome Defosse. "To tube or not to tube: a skeptic's guide to nonintubated thoracic surgery." Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 34, no. 1 (December 10, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aco.0000000000000946.

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HASHISHIN, Yuichi, and Uichi KUBO. "Flexible Hollow Light Guide Tube for Excimer Lasers." JOURNAL OF JAPAN SOCIETY FOR LASER SURGERY AND MEDICINE 9, no. 3 (1988): 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2530/jslsm1980.9.3_391.

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43

MIYAMURA, Kenji, Katsuyuki SAWADA, Yukio TSUKUDA, Hideki HAYASHI, Mikio NAKAMURA, Shinichi FUWA, Tetsuo HOSOKAWA, Yoshifumi YOMESHIMA, and Kazushi NISHIJO. "Relationship between the guide tube and sticking pain." Zen Nihon Shinkyu Gakkai zasshi (Journal of the Japan Society of Acupuncture and Moxibustion) 35, no. 3/4 (1985): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3777/jjsam.35.208.

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44

Williamson, R. "A nasogastric tube as guide during difficult oesophagoscopy." Anaesthesia 45, no. 3 (March 1990): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1990.tb14723.x.

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45

Moore, Shirley, Marguerite Newton, and Rhonda Yancey. "Equipment Guide: How to Irrigate a Nephrostomy Tube." American Journal of Nursing 93, no. 7 (July 1993): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3464341.

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46

Lewicky, Roman T. "Endoscopic carpal tunnel release: The guide tube technique." Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 10, no. 1 (February 1994): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-8063(05)80291-9.

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47

Mildner, D. F. R., and H. Chen. "The neutron transmission through a cylindrical guide tube." Journal of Applied Crystallography 27, no. 3 (June 1, 1994): 316–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889893009847.

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48

Mildner, D. F. R., H. Chen, and V. A. Sharov. "Restricted Neutron Transmission through a Cylindrical Guide Tube." Journal of Applied Crystallography 28, no. 6 (December 1, 1995): 793–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s002188989500848x.

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49

Allahbadia, Gautam N., Prashant Mangeshikar, P. B. Pai Dhungat, Sadhana K. Desai, Anil A. Gudi, and Anup Arya. "Hysteroscopic fallopian tube recanalization using a flexible guide cannula and hydrophilic guide wire." Gynaecological Endoscopy 9, no. 1 (February 2000): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2508.2000.00295.x.

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BATISTA, Danyara, and Paula M. OLIVEIRA-LEMOS. "Preparing and administering medications via enteral feeding tubes: a guideline for clinical pharmacists and multi-professional team." Revista Brasileira de Farmácia Hospitalar e Serviços de Saúde 12, no. 2 (May 2, 2021): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.30968/rbfhss.2021.122.0600.

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Objective: To identify the most prescribed drugs by enteral feeding tube in a public hospital and to a guideline for safe medication preparation and administration via enteral feeding tubes. Methods: A cross-sectional study with analysis of the daily prescriptions of patients exclusively using an enteral catheter in intensive care units and inpatients of the medical clinic specialty, in which descriptive statistics were used to identify the prevalence of medication use by tube. In a second step, a protocol was developed for the situation in which oral medications are prescribed to patients with a tube in the digestive tract. Results: A total of 1.810 medications prescribed by enteral feeding tube, of these 1.810, 291 (16%) were prescribed in liquid pharmaceutical form (suspension, solution, syrup) e 1.519 (84%) were prescribed in solid pharmaceutical form (tablets, capsule). 52 medications were selected for the protocol, and 14 of them (26.9%) with the recommendation of not crushing and administering via enteral feeding tube. Conclusion: Our results highlights the performance of clinical pharmacist in monitoring patients with enteral feeding tubes and guidance of multi-professional team. The protocol elaboration will guide for preparation and administration medication through the enteral feeding tube, reducing possible adverse events and ensuring the safety and efficacy of drug therapy.

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