Journal articles on the topic 'TTrx'
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Prapunpoj, Porntip, Samantha J. Richardson, and Gerhard Schreiber. "Crocodile transthyretin: structure, function, and evolution." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 283, no. 4 (October 1, 2002): R885—R896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00042.2002.
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Structure and function were studied for Crocodylus porosustransthyretin (crocTTR), an important intermediate in TTR evolution. The cDNA for crocTTR mRNA was cloned and sequenced and the amino acid sequence of crocTTR was deduced. In contrast to mammalian TTRs, but similar to avian and lizard TTRs, the subunit of crocTTR had a long and hydrophobic NH2-terminal region. Different from the situation in mammals, triiodothyronine (T3) was bound by crocTTR with higher affinity than thyroxine (T4). Recombinant crocTTR and a chimeric construct, with the NH2-terminal region of crocTTR being replaced by that of Xenopus laevis TTR, were synthesized in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Analysis of the affinity of the chimeric TTRs showed that the NH2-terminal region modulates T4 and T3 binding characteristics of TTR. The structural differences of the NH2-terminal regions of reptilian and amphibian TTRs were caused by a shift in splice sites at the 5′ end of exon 2. The comparison of crocodile and other vertebrate TTRs shows that TTR evolution is an example for positive Darwinian evolution and identifies its molecular mechanism.
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Chen, Meijuan, Zhousheng Lin, Guangyu Yao, Xi Hong, Xiaolei Xue, and Lujia Chen. "A Novel NIR Fluorescent Nanoprobe Targeting HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: Tra-TTR-A." Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2021 (December 30, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2495958.
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TTRE, a photosensitizer molecule, has excellent biofluorescence imaging performance and effective antitumor properties for breast cancer. However, its application in breast cancer treatment is limited due to poor tumor selectivity and lack of targeting ability. In this study, TTRE and trastuzumab were combined to synthesize Tra-TTR-A, a novel near-infrared fluorescent nanoprobe for HER2 positive breast cancer. The targeting and antitumor abilities of Tra-TTR-A in breast cancer were also investigated. Like TTRE, Tra-TTR-A has a stable structure with remarkable optical properties and in vivo imaging capacity. However, Tra-TTR-A not only inhibits tumor growth by generating reactive oxygen species but also kills tumor cells by trastuzumab. In this study, Tra-TTR-A, a new type of near-infrared fluorescent nanoprobe that targets HER2-positive breast cancer, was successfully synthesized. Tra-TTR-A could be used in in vivo imaging, targeted photodynamic therapy, and diagnosis and treatment for breast cancer.
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Sorokin N. I. "Effect of iso- and heterovalent cation substitutions on the superionic Faraday transition in fluorite-type modification β-PbF-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-." Physics of the Solid State 64, no. 7 (2022): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pss.2022.07.54591.328.
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The influence of isovalent substitutions of Pb2+-> Cd2+ and heterovalent substitutions of Pb2+-> Sc3+ on a superionic Faraday transition in Pb1-xCdxF2 (x=0.33) and Pb1-xScxF2+x (x=0.1) solid solutions based on the fluorite-type modification β-PbF2 with sp. gr. Fm 3 m has been studied. The Faraday phase transition can be characterized by the temperature Ttrλ corresponding to maximum on the heat capacity curve and temperature Ttrα corresponding to the beginning of the structural disorder anion sublattice. Both of these temperatures are found on the temperature conductivity dependence sigmadc(T) of β-PbF2, Pb0.67Cd0.33F2 and Pb0.9Sc0.1F2.1 crystals. The values of Ttrλ and Ttrα in solid solutions compared with β-PbF2 (Ttrλ=715±10 K, Ttrα = 597±12 K) decrease by 100-110 and 30-45 K for Pb0.67Cd0.33F2 and Pb0.9Sc0.1F2.1, respectively. Decreasing of temperature Ttrλ leads to an increase in temperature interval of existence of the superionic state. For T>Ttrλ the anionic conductivity of fluorite-type Pb0.67Cd0.33F2, Pb0.9Sc0.1F2.1, and β-PbF2 crystals reaches anomalously high values of sigmadc = 1-2 S/cm (873 K) at an ion transfer activation enthalpy equals to Hsigma~0.3 eV. Keywords: phase transitions, fluorides, fluorite structure, ionic conductivity, solid solutions.
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Matsushita, Hiroaki, Yohei Misumi, Teruaki Masuda, Masamitsu Okada, Fumika Inoue, Mitsuharu Ueda, and Yukio Ando. "Urinary Transthyretin as a Biomarker in ATTRv Val50Met Amyloidosis." Pathophysiology 29, no. 3 (June 29, 2022): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology29030025.
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Transthyretin (TTR), the precursor protein for amyloidogenic TTR (ATTR) amyloidosis, forms tetramers and escapes glomerular filtration by binding with thyroxine and retinol-binding protein. However, variant TTRs are unstable as tetramers, so monomeric TTR has become the precursor protein of amyloid deposits, via protein misfolding. The aim of the study was to evaluate the utility of urinary TTR in the diagnosis of ATTRv amyloidosis. Urinary samples from healthy volunteers, ATTRv V50M amyloidosis patients, and asymptomatic carriers of the ATTRv V50M gene were analysed using ELISA. To analyse the different forms of TTR secreted to the urine, we performed Western blotting and mass spectrometry. Urinary TTR concentrations were significantly higher in the ATTRv V50M amyloidosis patients than they were in the healthy volunteers and asymptomatic carriers of the gene. Although the TTR concentrations were negligible in the healthy volunteers, they were correlated with disease progression and urinary albumin concentrations in the ATTRv V50M amyloidosis patients. The Western blotting and mass spectrometry revealed the presence of monomeric wild-type and variant TTRs in the urine. Urinary TTR concentrations may become a more sensitive biomarker of ATTRv progression than albumin.
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Ju, Ze-Min, Hai-Lang Jia, Xue-Hai Ju, Xing-Fu Zhou, Zhi-Qiang Shi, He-Gen Zheng, and Ming-Dao Zhang. "Improvement of dye-sensitized solar cells performance through introducing different heterocyclic groups to triarylamine dyes." RSC Advances 5, no. 5 (2015): 3720–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra13782e.
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The overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of DSSCs based on TTR1–3 with chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) coadsorbant are 5.20%, 5.71% and 6.30%, respectively, and the value of TTR3 is close to that of N719 (6.62%).
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Hess, Carla W., Holly T. Haug, and Richard G. Landry. "The Reliability of Type-Token Ratios for the Oral Language of School Age Children." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 32, no. 3 (September 1989): 536–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3203.536.
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This study investigated the alternate forms reliability of four type-token ratios (TTRs) of oral language samples obtained from 52 elementary school children (9 through 12 years of age). The four TTRs included the basic type-token ratio, the corrected type-token ratio, the root type-token ratio, and the bilogarithmic type-token ratio. Language samples of 600 words were segmented into 50-word, 100-word, and 200-word samples. Within each TTR measure, there were no significant differences among the means for samples of the same size, but all means for a given sample size differed significantly from the means of all other sample sizes. Further, for samples of the same size the reliability coefficients calculated for each TTR measure were neither consistent nor significant. These findings indicate that under the conditions of the present study TTRs are not comparable when calculated for different sample sizes ranging from 50 to 600 words, and further, that they are not reliable measures of the language performance of individual elementary school children from regular classrooms for language samples of 50 to 200 words.
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Chen, Zhen, and Wei Fan. "Data analytics approach for travel time reliability pattern analysis and prediction." Journal of Modern Transportation 27, no. 4 (September 12, 2019): 250–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40534-019-00195-6.
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Abstract Travel time reliability (TTR) is an important measure which has been widely used to represent the traffic conditions on freeways. The objective of this study is to develop a systematic approach to analyzing TTR on roadway segments along a corridor. A case study is conducted to illustrate the TTR patterns using vehicle probe data collected on a freeway corridor in Charlotte, North Carolina. A number of influential factors are considered when analyzing TTR, which include, but are not limited to, time of day, day of week, year, and segment location. A time series model is developed and used to predict the TTR. Numerical results clearly indicate the uniqueness of TTR patterns under each case and under different days of week and weather conditions. The research results can provide insightful and objective information on the traffic conditions along freeway segments, and the developed data-driven models can be used to objectively predict the future TTRs, and thus to help transportation planners make informed decisions.
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Augustaitis, Aistis, and Vytautas Jurėnas. "Dynamics of trunk type robot with spherical piezoelectric actuators." IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijra.v9i2.pp113-122.
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<p class="Abstract">Trunk type robots (TTRs) are exclusive. These robots can provide a high level of maneuverability and have a potential in medicine or high risk zones. TTRs are determined as a long serial linkage of similar segments. They are usually connected using tendons or small actuators. A spherical actuator is the most appreciable option. The motion of real spherical actuator (RSA) can be easily obtained applying an inverse piezoelectric effect. It has three independent spinning axes. These axes are perpendicular to each other despite the history of excitation. Kinematics and dynamics of RSA almost have no basics regardless of mentioned features. This situation can be explained according to common disadvantages of other SAs: sophisticated structure and complex control. The structures and abilities of TTRs are reviewed in the first section of this article. At the beginning of the fourth section the kinematics of piezoelectric TTR with two different RSAs is introduced. Its results of inverse dynamics using Euler-Lagrange equations are presented at the end of the fourth section. Similar results are derived using an analytical-potential method in the fifth section. It is quite accurate and effective option to determine inverse dynamics of the TTR employing an analytical-potential method.</p>
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Benson, Merrill D., Elizabeth J. Ackermann, and Brett P. Monia. "Treatment of transthyretin cardiomyopathy with a TTR-specific antisense oligonucleotide (IONIS-TTRRx)." Amyloid 24, sup1 (March 16, 2017): 134–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13506129.2017.1280015.
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Guan, Zeqiang, Christina M. Hughes, Settapong Kosiyatrakul, Paolo Norio, Ranjan Sen, Steven Fiering, C. David Allis, Eric E. Bouhassira, and Carl L. Schildkraut. "Decreased replication origin activity in temporal transition regions." Journal of Cell Biology 187, no. 5 (November 30, 2009): 623–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200905144.
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In the mammalian genome, early- and late-replicating domains are often separated by temporal transition regions (TTRs) with novel properties and unknown functions. We identified a TTR in the mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain (Igh) locus, which contains replication origins that are silent in embryonic stem cells but activated during B cell development. To investigate which factors contribute to origin activation during B cell development, we systematically modified the genetic and epigenetic status of the endogenous Igh TTR and used a single-molecule approach to analyze DNA replication. Introduction of a transcription unit into the Igh TTR, activation of gene transcription, and enhancement of local histone modifications characteristic of active chromatin did not lead to origin activation. Moreover, very few replication initiation events were observed when two ectopic replication origin sequences were inserted into the TTR. These findings indicate that the Igh TTR represents a repressive compartment that inhibits replication initiation, thus maintaining the boundaries between early and late replication domains.
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Rojas-Fernandez, Carlos H., Joslin Goh, Jennifer Hartwick, Ruth Auber, Aein Zarrin, Melissa Warkentin, and Zain Hudani. "Assessment of Oral Anticoagulant Use in Residents of Long-Term Care Homes: Evidence for Contemporary Suboptimal Use." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 51, no. 12 (July 26, 2017): 1053–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1060028017723348.
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Objective: To describe the quality of warfarin use in residents of long-term care facilities and investigate potential predictors oral anticoagulant use. Design: Retrospective chart review (August 2013 to September 2014). Setting: Thirteen long-term care (LTC) and assisted living facilities (ALF). Participants: Residents from LTC or ALF settings who ( a) received warfarin or direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and ( b) residents with a valid indication for oral anticoagulants such as atrial fibrillation, venous thromboembolism, but were not receiving these drugs. Primary Outcome: Time in therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR) range (TTR). Results: A total of 563 residents (70% female) with an average age of 85 years were identified. Participants had an average of 7.5 comorbidities and 9 medications. A total of 391 (69%) residents with indications for OACs were receiving such medications. Indications were atrial fibrillation (63%), venous or pulmonary embolism (16%), cardiac valves (0.4%); 26% did not have documented indications. Warfarin and DOACs were prescribed for 213 (38%) and 178 (32%) respectively, and 172 (31%) received no OACs The TTR ranged from 56%-75% (mean 63%). The frequency of INR determinations ranged from every 7 to 20 days, (mean 13 days) with no apparent relationship between frequency of testing and TTR. Conclusion: The TTR was higher (63.8%) than literature average (50%), but remains suboptimal given expected benefits of TTRs >75% versus TTRs circa 60%. Documentation of indications for OACs needs improvement, and it is possible that OACs are underused. Further work is necessary to understand how OAC use may be optimized in these facilities.
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Elkouby, Liron, Robert J. Davidson, Paris Margaritis, Katherine A. High, and Denise E. Sabatino. "Improved Factor VIII Expression with the Introduction of a PACE-Furin Variant into Codon-Optimized Human Factor VIII." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 3498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.3498.3498.
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Abstract Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector delivery of canine factor VIII (cFVIII) results in long-term dose dependent expression of FVIII in hemophilia A dogs for >8 years (Sabatino 2011). These data demonstrate that AAV-FVIII can significantly improve the disease phenotype. Interestingly, we found that cFVIII is inherently more stable than human FVIII (hFVIII), resulting in increased biological activity (Sabatino 2009). Thus, the AAV dose of cFVIII does not predict the efficacy of hFVIII and preclinical studies with hFVIII will be important for predicting the therapeutic dose of AAV-hFVIII. Furthermore, recent clinical trials for AAV-mediated gene transfer for hemophilia B have demonstrated sustained long-term expression of therapeutic levels of factor IX (FIX) but established that the AAV vector dose may be limiting due to anti-AAV immune responses to the AAV capsid. Therefore, our goal is to generate a novel hFVIII transgene cassette that increases hFVIII expression so that we can achieve therapeutic FVIII levels with a lower AAV dose. In our efforts to develop a hFVIII transgene cassette, we addressed this systematically by comparing different codon-optimized B-domain deleted (BDD) hFVIII genes, alternate promoters as well as hFVIII variants of the PACE-furin cleavage recognition site. We identified a novel codon-optimized hFVIII-BDD transgene (CO3) that expresses 15-fold higher than wild-type hFVIII-BDD. CO3 was introduced into a minimal expression cassette driven by the liver-specific transthyretin (TTR) promoter. At 4 weeks after delivery of AAV8-TTR-hFVIII-BDD and AAV8-TTR-hFVIII-CO3 (1x1011 vector genomes/mouse), the hFVIII expression in the peripheral blood based on ELISA was 35 ± 5 ng/ml and 492 ± 72 ng/ml, respectively. Using a modified transthyretin (TTRm) promoter (222bp), hFVIII expression further increased 2-fold compared to a wild type TTR promoter. In our previous work, we demonstrated that the R1645H substitution in the PACE-furin (P/F) cleavage recognition site (hFVIII-R1645H) confers increased stability and higher biological activity (Siner 2013). More recently, we have characterized a series of deletion variants at this P/F site in hFVIII with similar properties to R1645H. Therefore, in an effort to further enhance the efficacy of our hFVIII gene therapy approach, we introduced the R1645H or a 4 amino acid deletion (residues 1645-1648) of the P/F site (delP/F) into our hFVIII-CO3 transgene. Administration of AAV8-TTR-hFVIII-CO3, AAV8-TTR-hFVIII-CO3-R1645H and AAV8-TTR-hFVIII-CO3-delP/F in hemophilia A mice (1x1011vg/mouse) demonstrated that the hFVIII expression from R1645H (528 ± 30 ng/ml) was higher than CO3 (378 ± 75 ng/ml) at this vector dose. However, introduction of delP/F (TTR-hFVIII-CO3-delP/F) resulted in hFVIII expression that was 1.8-fold higher (685 ± 93 ng/ml)(p = 0.036) than CO3 alone. Importantly, the introduction of the deletion of the PACE-furin recognition site into the codon-optimized hFVIII resulted in an additive effect on the hFVIII expression. Delivery of AAV8-TTRm-hFVIII-CO3-delP/F using the modified TTR promoter resulted in 1018 ± 117 ng/ml hFVIII demonstrating that the TTRm promoter further enhances transgene expression. Notably, the AAV8-TTRm-hFVIII-CO3-delP/F construct results in hFVIII expression that is 30-fold higher than the wild type hFVIII-BDD. Our studies demonstrate that a combination of a liver-specific promoter, codon-optimization and modification of hFVIII at the PACE-furin recognition site (delP/F) significantly increases hFVIII expression in the setting of gene transfer. This work supports the feasibility of lowering the AAV vector dose for a gene-based therapeutic application for hemophilia A. Disclosures Elkouby: Spark Therapeutics: Research Funding. High:Bluebird Bio: Consultancy, Equity Ownership; Alnylam: Consultancy; Spark Therapeutics: Consultancy, Equity Ownership. Sabatino:Spark Therapeutics: Research Funding; Pfizer, Inc.: Research Funding.
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Hu, Yong, and Stefan Dessloch. "Temporal Data Management and Processing with Column Oriented NoSQL Databases." Journal of Database Management 26, no. 3 (July 2015): 41–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdm.2015070103.
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This article introduces how temporal data can be maintained and processed by utilizing Column-oriented NoSQL databases (CoNoSQLDBs). Although each column in a CoNoSQLDB can store multiple data versions with their corresponded timestamps, its implicit temporal interval representation can cause wrong or misleading results during temporal query processing. In consequence, the original table representation supported by CoNoSQLDBs is not suitable for storing temporal data. To maintain the temporal data in the CoNoSQLDB tables, two alternative table representations can be adopted, namely, explicit history representation (EHR) and tuple time-stamping representation (TTR) in which each tuple (data version) has an explicit temporal interval. For processing TTR, the temporal relational algebra is extended to TTRO operator model with minor modifications. For processing EHR, a novel temporal operator model called CTO is proposed. Both TTRO and CTO contain eight temporal data operators, namely, Union, Difference, Intersection, Project, Filter, Cartesian product, Theta-Join and Group by with a set of aggregation functions, such as SUM, AVG, MAX and etc. Moreover, the authors implement each temporal operator by utilizing MapReduce framework to indicate which temporal operator model is more suitable for temporal data processing in the context of CoNoSQLDBs.
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EROL, Sadettin. "THE EFFECT OF (TRX AND BOSU) TRAINING APPLIED TO YOUNG MALE BASKETBALL PLAYERS AND TRADITIONAL STRENGTH TRAINING ON STRENGTH, BALANCE, VERTICAL JUMP, 20 M SPEED AND AGILITY PERFORMANCES." International Refereed Journal of Humanities and Academic Sciences, no. 27 (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.17368/uhbab.2022.27.03.
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Purpose: To examine the effects of (trx and bosu) training and traditional strength training applied to young male basketball players on strength, balance, vertical jump, 20 m speed and agility performances. Method: The mean age of the training group (trx and bosu) was 16,00±,81 years, the mean height was 184.80±5.55 cm, the mean body weight was 80.64±5.86 kg, the average age of the traditional strength training group was 16, 00±0.8 years, average height 182.90±4.72 cm, mean body weight 78.33±4.51 kg. 20 male basketball players, who had a training age average of 5±1.6 in the groups, participated voluntarily. The basketball players participating in the study were randomly divided into two groups (trx and bosu) training and traditional strength training groups. In addition to regular basketball training, two different training programs were applied to these two groups. Ttrx and bosu training group received regular basketball training (trx and bosu) training for 8 weeks, 3 times a week for 30 minutes. While applying, traditional strength training group, in addition to regular basketball training, is given to the traditional strength training group for 8 weeks, 3 times a week for 30 minutes. Applied. Before the study, pre-test measurements of strength, balance, vertical jump, 20 m speed and agility were taken in both groups. At the end of the 8-week training program, the final tests of the groups were taken. Paired sanple t-test was used to compare the pre- and post-measurement values of the two groups. Results: When the measurements of the first and last tests of the groups were compared between the groups, a statistically significant difference was found in the strength, balance, vertical jump and agility values according to the analysis results of the data (p<0.05). When the measurements of the first and last tests of the groups were compared between the groups, no statistically significant difference was found in the speed value according to the analysis results of the data (p>0.05). Conclusion: It has been seen that the training (trx and bosu) applied to young male basketball players is more effective in strength, balance, vertical jump and agility than traditional strength training. Findings from this study highlight the unique power of training (trx and bosu) as part of annual basketball training in the sustainability of athletic performance.
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Li, Jiang-Cheng, Zhi-Wei Dong, Guo-Hui Yang, and Chao Long. "The roles of the trading time risks on stock investment return and risks in stock price crashes." Modern Physics Letters B 31, no. 07 (March 10, 2017): 1750077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984917500774.
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The roles of the trading time risks (TTRs) on stock investment return and risks are investigated in the condition of stock price crashes with Hushen300 data (CSI300) and Dow Jones Industrial Average (ˆDJI), respectively. In order to describe the TTR, we employ the escape time that the stock price drops from the maximum to minimum value in a data window length (DWL). After theoretical and empirical research on probability density function of return, the results in both ˆDJI and CSI300 indicate that: (i) As increasing DWL, the expectation of returns and its stability are weakened. (ii) An optimal TTR is related to a maximum return and minimum risk of stock investment in stock price crashes.
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Ueda, Mitsuharu, Yohei Misumi, Mineyuki Mizuguchi, Masaaki Nakamura, Taro Yamashita, Yoshiki Sekijima, Kazutoshi Ota, et al. "SELDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Evaluation of Variant Transthyretins for Diagnosis and Pathogenesis of Familial Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy." Clinical Chemistry 55, no. 6 (June 1, 2009): 1223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2008.118505.
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Abstract Background: Mass spectrometric analyses are valuable for detection of transthyretin (TTR) variants, which cause familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP). However, those methods require an immunoprecipitation step with an anti-TTR antibody and are not suitable for quantitative detection. We investigated the usefulness of SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) without an immunoprecipitation step. Methods: We used ProteinChips with chromatographic capture formats to detect TTRs. We attempted to correlate the intensity of mixed samples of amyloidogenic TTR (ATTR) V30M to wild-type (WT) TTR. We analyzed the proportion of ATTR V30M in amyloid-laden cardiac tissues from FAP patients, and also evaluated samples from FAP patients with 16 other TTR mutations. Results: Detection of ATTR required only 3 h of SELDI-TOF MS analysis. We determined that SELDI-TOF MS was suitable for quantitative detection of ATTR V30M and demonstrated that the proportion of ATTR V30M to WT TTR was 46.6% in amyloid-laden cardiac tissue from an FAP patient who died 10 years after liver transplantation. With this method, we identified 12 of 17 TTR variants. Small mass shifts and low concentrations of variants prevented ATTR detection. By changing the analytical conditions, we achieved detection of low concentrations of ATTR Y114C in serum. Conclusions: SELDI-TOF MS is a reliable tool for quantitative evaluation of TTR variants, in both tissue amyloid deposits and body fluids. This method is useful for the diagnosis and investigation of the pathogenesis of FAP.
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Wang, Jiachen, Zhilong He, Dantong Li, and Weifeng Wu. "Numerical Simulation of Vortex-Induced Vibration of TTR and SCR." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 5 (May 22, 2022): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10050708.
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Top tensioned risers (TTRs) and steel catenary risers (SCRs) have been widely used in the field of marine engineering. They are commonly used to transport fluids from subsea wells to surface platforms. Under the action of ocean currents, these risers are often subjected to vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs), which might lead to serious fatigue damage. In this study, VIV around TTR and SCR were numerically simulated using the computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT when the Reynolds number was 4000. In the calculations, the full hexahedron grid and large eddy simulation were used to ensure calculation accuracy from the boundary conditions, as well as solution control. The shape, frequency, and amplitude of VIV produced by TTRs and SCRs at different times and depths were simulated.
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Scholz, Andreas, Noboru Kuboyama, Gunter Hempelmann, and Werner Vogel. "Complex Blockade of TTX-Resistant Na+ Currents by Lidocaine and Bupivacaine Reduce Firing Frequency in DRG Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 79, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 1746–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.79.4.1746.
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Scholz, Andreas, Noboru Kuboyama, Gunter Hempelmann, and Werner Vogel. Complex blockade of TTX-resistant Na+ currents by lidocaine and bupivacaine reduce firing frequency in DRG neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 1746–1754, 1998. Mechanisms of blockade of tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTXr) Na+ channels by local anesthetics in comparison with the sensitivity of tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTXs) Na+ channels were studied by means of the patch-clamp technique in neurons of dorsal root ganglions (DRG) of rat. Half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) for the tonic block of TTXr Na+ currents by lidocaine was 210 μmol/l, whereas TTXs Na+ currents showed five times lower IC50 of 42 μmol/l. Bupivacaine blocked TTXr and TTXs Na+ currents more potently with IC50 of 32 and 13 μmol/l, respectively. In the inactivated state, TTXr Na+ channel block by lidocaine showed higher sensitivities (IC50 = 60 μmol/l) than in the resting state underlying tonic blockade. The time constant τ1 of recovery of TTXr Na+ channels from inactivation at −80 mV was slowed from 2 to 5 ms after addition of 10 μmol/l bupivacaine, whereas the τ2 value of ∼500 ms remained unchanged. The use-dependent block of TTXr Na+ channels led to a progressive reduction of current amplitudes with increasing frequency of stimulation, which was ≤53% block at 20 Hz in 10 μmol/l bupivacaine and 81% in 100 μmol lidocaine. The functional importance of the use-dependent block was confirmed in current-clamp experiments where 30 μmol/l of lidocaine or bupivacaine did not suppress the single action potential but clearly reduced the firing frequency of action potentials again with stronger potency of bupivacaine. Because it was found that TTXr Na+ channels predominantly occur in smaller sensory neurons, their blockade might underlie the suppression of the sensation of pain. Different sensitivities and varying proportions of TTXr and TTXs Na+ channels could explain the known differential block in spinal anesthesia. We suggest that the frequency reduction at low local anesthetic concentrations may explain the phenomenon of paresthesia where sensory information are suppressed gradually during spinal anesthesia.
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Lei, Song, Xiang Yuan Zheng, Daoyi Chen, and Yi Li. "Instability Analysis of Parametrically Excited Marine Risers by Extended Precise Integration Method." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 17, no. 08 (October 2017): 1750096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455417500961.
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The objective of this paper is to investigate the dynamic instability of deepwater top-tensioned risers (TTRs), when subjected to the fluctuating axial tension originated from the heave motion of a surface floating platform as the instability source. Based on a rigorous derivation on the governing equation, a reduced model of the lateral displacement of a TTR is achieved by an ordinary differential equation with periodic coefficients. To identify the instability range of practical amplitudes and frequencies of the excitation, a newly proposed extended precise integration method (EPIM) is employed to generate the Floquet transition matrix (FTM). EPIM possesses high precision and efficiency due to the doubling algorithm and the increment-storing technique. The instability charts of TTRs in several typical depths are numerically obtained using EPIM. The effects of factors such as the top tension ratio, the stiffness of the heave compensators, damping constant, and internal flow velocity on the instability region are analyzed. In addition, because the nonlinear hydrodynamic damping will lead the TTR’s lateral vibration to reach a steady state, the instability response is thereby simulated by EPIM. Three response scenarios are discussed with examples. As the heave amplitude increases, the parametric resonance of the TTR is first triggered, then the transition stage appears, and ultimately the local dynamic buckling occurs. The bending stress analysis shows that the local dynamic buckling is the worst scenario for structural safety.
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Schreiber, G. "The evolutionary and integrative roles of transthyretin in thyroid hormone homeostasis." Journal of Endocrinology 175, no. 1 (October 1, 2002): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1750061.
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In larger mammals, thyroid hormone-binding plasma proteins are albumin, transthyretin (TTR) and thyroxine (T4)-binding globulin. They differ characteristically in affinities and release rates for T4 and triiodothyronine (T3). Together, they form a 'buffering' system counteracting thyroid hormone permeation from aqueous to lipid phases. Evolution led to important differences in the expression pattern of these three proteins in tissues. In adult liver, TTR is only made in eutherians and herbivorous marsupials. During development, it is also made in tadpole and fish liver. More intense TTR synthesis than in liver is found in the choroid plexus of reptilians, birds and mammals, but none in the choroid plexus of amphibians and fish, i.e. species without a neocortex. All brain-made TTR is secreted into the cerebrospinal fluid, where it becomes the major thyroid hormone-binding protein. During ontogeny, the maximum TTR synthesis in the choroid plexus precedes that of the growth rate of the brain and occurs during the period of maximum neuroblast replication. TTR is only one component in a network of factors determining thyroid hormone distribution. This explains why, under laboratory conditions, TTR-knockout mice show no major abnormalities. The ratio of TTR affinity for T4 over affinity for T3 is higher in eutherians than in reptiles and birds. This favors T4 transport from blood to brain providing more substrate for conversion of the biologically less active T4 into the biologically more active T3 by the tissue-specific brain deiodinases. The change in affinity of TTR during evolution involves a shortening and an increase in the hydrophilicity of the N-terminal regions of the TTR subunits. The molecular mechanism for this change is a stepwise shift of the splice site at the intron 1/exon 2 border of the TTR gene. The shift probably results from a sequence of single base mutations. Thus, TTR evolution provides an example for a molecular mechanism of positive Darwinian evolution. The amino acid sequences of fish and amphibian TTRs are very similar to those in mammals, suggesting that substantial TTR evolution occurred before the vertebrate stage. Open reading frames for TTR-like sequences already exist in Caenorhabditis elegans, yeast and Escherichia coli genomes.
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Millns, Helen, Rito Bergemann, Elizabeth Ackermann, Brett Monia, and Mary Lukas. "A phase 3 clinical trial with ISIS-TTRRx, a 2nd-generation antisense oligonucleotide targeting transthyretin (TTR), for the treatment of TTR amyloid cardiomyopathy." Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 10, Suppl 1 (2015): P8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1750-1172-10-s1-p8.
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Kadakia, Rishin J., Craig C. Akoh, Jie Chen, Akhil Sharma, and Selene G. Parekh. "3D Printed Total Talus Replacement for Avascular Necrosis of the Talus." Foot & Ankle International 41, no. 12 (August 18, 2020): 1529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100720948461.
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Background: Talus avascular necrosis (AVN) is a challenging entity to treat. Management options depend on disease severity and functional goals. Total talus replacement (TTR) is a treatment option that maintains joint range of motion. The literature on TTR is limited with variability in implant design and material. The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes following TTR with a custom 3D printed metal implant. Methods: Patients who underwent TTR were retrospectively reviewed over a 3-year period. Basic demographic data and comorbidities were collected. Medical records were reviewed to obtain postoperative and preoperative visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Foot and Ankle Outcome Scores (FAOSs), ankle range of motion, and postoperative complications. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare clinical and patient-reported outcomes pre- and postoperatively. Twenty-seven patients underwent TTR for talar AVN with a mean follow-up of 22.2 months. Results: Ankle range of motion remained unchanged postoperatively. VAS pain scores improved postoperatively from 7.1 to 3.9 ( P < .001). FAOSs improved postoperatively with regard to pain ( P < .001), symptoms ( P = .001), quality of life ( P < .001), and activities of daily living ( P < .001). There were 3 complications requiring reoperation in this cohort. Conclusion: 3D printed TTRs represent a unique surgical option for patients with severe talar AVN. Patients in this cohort demonstrated significant improvements in pain scores and patient-reported outcomes. TTR allows for symptomatic improvement with the preservation of motion in individuals with talar collapse and AVN. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.
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Ting, Clara, Katelyn W. Sylvester, and James W. Schurr. "Time in the Therapeutic Range for Assessing Anticoagulation Quality in Patients Receiving Continuous Unfractionated Heparin." Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 24, no. 9_suppl (September 13, 2018): 178S—181S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1076029618798944.
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Due to variable pharmacokinetic properties, therapeutic anticoagulation with continuous unfractionated heparin (UFH) requires ongoing laboratory monitoring, generally with activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). In the ambulatory setting, clinicians who manage warfarin therapy often use time in the therapeutic range (TTR) to estimate a percentage of time the international normalized ratio is therapeutic. We applied the TTR concept to aPTT monitoring for therapeutic UFH and used 2 methodologies for estimation: percentage of aPTT values in range (%aIR) and a modification of the Rosendaal method (mod-Rosendaal). This study included adult inpatients admitted between September 30, 2015, and September 30, 2016, at Brigham and Women’s Hospital. For each patient, all available aPTT values were extracted to calculate 2 individual TTRs according to each methodology. Comparison between methods was performed using Student t test, and correlation was assessed with simple linear regression. A total of 255 patients were included in this study. The major outcome of TTR estimation was significantly higher using mod-Rosendaal (43.7% [26.5%]) versus %aIR (37.7% [25.7%], P = .012) by a mean difference of 6% points (95% confidence interval: 1.3-10.7). Time in the therapeutic range estimated by mod-Rosendaal significantly correlated with those estimated by %aIR ( r = 0.84, P < .001). Further studies should evaluate the correlation between TTR and clinical outcomes and establish a benchmark for quality therapeutic anticoagulation with continuous UFH.
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Dlott, Jeffrey S., Roberta George, Xiaohua Huang, Muneer Odeh, Harvey W. Kaufman, Elaine M. Hylek, and Jack Ansell. "Anticoagulant Management of Atrial Fibrillation In the United States: Findings From a Large National Database of Clinical Test Results (Quest Diagnostics Health Trends™ Report)." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.1103.1103.
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Abstract Abstract 1103 Background: Control of anticoagulation during warfarin therapy, as assessed by international normalized ratio (INR), is variable even under optimal conditions. Time in therapeutic range (TTR) has been shown to correlate with the important outcomes of hemorrhage or thrombosis. In this study we assessed the current patterns and quality of anticoagulation management among individuals with atrial fibrillation (AF) compared to venous thromboembolism (VTE) using data extracted from a large, nationally representative database of laboratory results in the United States. Methods: The Quest Diagnostics database of laboratory test results, inclusive of all 50 states, was queried for all outpatient INR testing for patients ≥ 18 years of age with AF (ICD-9-CM code 427.31) and compared to those with venous thromboembolic disease (286, 415, 453). To achieve a robust data set for trend analysis, the following inclusion criteria were applied: 1) ≥2 INR results >1.2 during a 12-month period; and 2) ≤60-day interval between consecutive INR measurements. TTR was calculated as % days in range (Rosendaal method) and % INR measurements in range. The data were also analyzed for trends by age, gender, frequency of monitoring, and geographic region (as defined by the US Department of Health and Human Services). Results: Overall, 187,573 individuals were included (74% with AF), with a total of 3,493,443 INR measurements. The demographics of the AF and VTE cohorts, frequencies of INR measurements, and TTR findings are summarized in Table 1. The INR distributions for proportions in-range and out-of-range are shown in Table 2. Both the AF and VTE cohorts had significantly lower TTR for patients <45 years old and slightly (∼2-3%) higher TTR for males among most age groups (data not shown). Geographic regions with more frequent INR measurements also tended to have higher TTR; at opposite end of the spectrum, the Northeast (Region 1) showed a mean of 25.2 visits per year and a TTR (in days) of 60.3%, while the Southwest (Region 6) had a mean of 17.5 visits per year and a TTR of 52.8%. Conclusions: This data set represents one of the largest analyses of INR control of warfarin in the United States. The TTR data demonstrate suboptimal anticoagulation in a substantial proportion of INR visits, suggesting that a large proportion of Americans with AF are not receiving the optimum warfarin effect. Corroborating other studies, our data suggest a positive relationship between increased monitoring and INR control, as demonstrated by the regional differences in TTR. Younger patients (<45 y) had significantly lower TTRs than did older patients, and women tended to have lower TTR across most age categories. Taken together, these findings suggest that strategies are needed to improve oral anticoagulation care in the United States. Disclosures: Ansell: Bayer, Inc: Consultancy; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Data Safety Monitoring Boards; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy; Boehringer Ingleheim: Consultancy; Ortho McNeil: Consultancy; Sanofi Aventis: Speakers Bureau.
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Scott, Daniel J., John Steele, Amanda Fletcher, and Selene G. Parekh. "Early Outcomes of 3D Printed Total Talus Arthroplasty." Foot & Ankle Specialist 13, no. 5 (September 6, 2019): 372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1938640019873536.
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Background. Patients with talar avascular necrosis (AVN) have limited treatment options to manage their symptoms. Historically, surgical options have been limited and can leave patients with little ankle motion and have high failure rates. The use of custom 3D printed total talar replacements (TTRs) has arisen as a treatment option for these patients, possibly allowing better preservation of hindfoot motion. We hypothesized that patients undergoing TTR will demonstrate a statistically significant improvement in Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) at 1 year after surgery. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed 15 patients who underwent a TTR over a 2-year period. Patient outcomes were reviewed, including age, sex, comorbidities, etiology of talar pathology, number and type of prior surgeries, radiographic alignment, FAOS and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score, and range of motion. Data analysis was performed with Student t-tests and multivariate regression. Results. FAOSs and VAS scores showed statistically significant improvements postoperatively as compared with preoperative scores. There was a statistically significant decrease in VAS pain scores from 7.0 preoperatively to 3.6 (P < .001). Average follow-up was 12.8 months. With the number of patients available, there was no statistically significant change in radiographic alignment parameters postoperatively as compared with preoperatively (P values ranged from .225 to .617). Conclusion. Our hypothesis that these patients show statistically significant improvements in FAOSs at 1 year was confirmed. TTR represents an exciting treatment option for patients with talar AVN, though longer-term follow-up is needed. Level of Evidence: Level IV: Case series
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Ozonoff, Al, Elaine M. Hylek, Dan R. Berlowitz, Arlene S. Ash, Donald R. Miller, Shibei Zhao, Joel I. Reisman, Guneet K. Jasuja, Adam J. Rose, and Eun-Jeong Kim. "Predicting outcomes among patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure receiving anticoagulation with warfarin." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 114, no. 07 (2015): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th14-09-0754.
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SummaryAmong patients receiving oral anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation (AF), heart failure (HF) is associated with poor anticoagulation control. However, it is not known which patients with heart failure are at greatest risk of adverse outcomes. We evaluated 62,156 Veterans Health Administration (VA) patients receiving warfarin for AF between 10/1/06–9/30/08 using merged VA-Medicare dataset. We predicted time in therapeutic range (TTR) and rates of adverse events by categorising patients into those with 0, 1, 2, or 3+ of five putative markers of HF severity such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST)> 80 U/l, alkaline phosphatase> 150 U/l, serum sodium< 130 mEq/l, any receipt of metolazone, and any inpatient admission for HF exacerbation. These risk categories predicted TTR: patients without HF (referent) had a mean TTR of 65.0 %, while HF patients with 0, 1, 2, 3 or more markers had mean TTRs of 62.2 %, 57.2 %, 53.5 %, and 50.7 %, respectively (p< 0.001). These categories also discriminated for major haemorrhage well; compared to patients without HF, HF patients with increasing severity had hazard ratios of 1.84, 3.06, 3.52 and 5.14 respectively (p< 0.001). However, although patients with HF had an elevated hazard for bleeding compared to those without HF, these categories did not effectively discriminate risk of ischaemic stroke across HF. In conclusion, we developed a HF severity model using easily available clinical characteristics that performed well to risk-stratify patients with HF who are receiving anticoagulation for AF with regard to major haemorrhage.
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Al-Mqdashi, AbdulMajid, Aduwati Sali, Nor Noordin, Shaiful Hashim, and Rosdiadee Nordin. "Efficient Matrix-Based Channel Hopping Schemes for Blind Rendezvous in Distributed Cognitive Radio Networks." Sensors 18, no. 12 (December 10, 2018): 4360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124360.
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Channel rendezvous is an initial and important process for establishing communications between secondary users (SUs) in distributed cognitive radio networks. Due to the drawbacks of the common control channel (CCC) based rendezvous approach, channel hopping (CH) has attracted a lot of research interests for achieving blind rendezvous. To ensure rendezvous within a finite time, most of the existing CH-based rendezvous schemes generate their CH sequences based on the whole global channel set in the network. However, due to the spatial and temporal variations in channel availabilities as well as the limitation of SUs sensing capabilities, the local available channel set (ACS) for each SU is usually a small subset of the global set. Therefore, following these global-based generated CH sequences can result in extensively long time-to-rendezvous (TTR) especially when the number of unavailable channels is large. In this paper, we propose two matrix-based CH rendezvous schemes in which the CH sequences are generated based on the ACSs only. We prove the guaranteed and full diversity rendezvous of the proposed schemes by deriving the theoretical upper bounds of their maximum TTRs. Furthermore, extensive simulation comparisons with other existing works are conducted which illustrate the superior performance of our schemes in terms of the TTR metrics.
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Crowther, Mark A., Luqi Wang, Alejandro Lazo Langer, Kovacs Michael, Erik Yeo, Terri Schnurr, and Sam Schulman. "Low Dose Oral Vitamin K Does Not Increase Time in Therapeutic Range: Results of a Multicentre Clinical Trial." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 2872. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.2872.2872.
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Abstract Warfarin remains the most commonly used oral anticoagulant. Its efficacy is closely correlated with the time in therapeutic range (TTR) of the international normalized ratio (INR). Excellent anticoagulant management systems can achieve TTRs in excess of 80%: however, in day-to-day clinical practice TTR values in the range of 50 to 60% are more commonly seen. Strategies to increase TTR are widely sought; one such intervention is the daily administration of low dose vitamin K (VK) administered to reduce variations in VK intake and thus reduce fluctuations in the INR due to such variability. In this multicentre, blinded, randomized controlled trial we allocated patients on chronic warfarin therapy to receive either 0.150 mg of daily oral VK, or matching placebo. After a one month “run in period” to allow adjustment of the warfarin dose, patients were followed for a maximum of 9 months (mean 6 months), their INR was determined, their TTR calculated and their mean warfarin dose calculated. A total of 253 patients were enrolled at 4 clinical centres between Aug 19, 2010 and Aug 30, 2013; 18 (9 in each group) were excluded from this analysis due to inadequate follow-up data, mostly as a result of withdrawal from the study during the run in period. Of the 117 analyzable patients allocated to VK, 66 were male (average age 66.9 yrs). Of the 118 analyzable patients allocated to placebo 59 were male (average age 65.7 yrs). Indications for warfarin were similar between the two groups, as was the frequency of renal insufficiency and the presence of cancer. Patients allocated to placebo were more likely to report a history of bleeding (7% vs 3%). Mean TTR over the 6 months prior to enrollment to the study was 54.6% in the placebo group, and 51.8% in the VK group. Mean TTR over an average follow-up of 6 months after completion of the 1 month run-in period was 66% in the placebo group, and 65.1% in the VK group. We conclude that inclusion in this study resulted in a statistically (and likely clinically) significant improvement in the TTR. The improvement in the TTR we observed appeared to be predominately as a result of attentive clinical management, rather than administration of VK. Our findings do not support the use of daily, low dose oral vitamin K administered in an effort to improve TTR. Disclosures Crowther: Portola: Consultancy; Leo: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Bayer: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Consultancy; AKP America: Consultancy; Heart and Stroke Foundation: Career Investigator award Other; Celgene: Honoraria; Shire: Honoraria; CSL Behring: Honoraria. Lazo Langer:Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding; Bayer: Honoraria, Research Funding; Leo Pharma: Honoraria, Research Funding; Boehringer Ingelheim: Honoraria; Alexion: Research Funding; Daichii Sankyo: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding. Yeo:Bayer: Honoraria. Schulman:Boehringer Ingelheim: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Bayer HealthCare: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding.
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Laeven, Thijs. "Le projet «TTRM»." La Gazette des archives 218, no. 2 (2010): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/gazar.2010.4681.
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Perdue, Richard R. "Annual TTRA Conference." Journal of Travel Research 43, no. 4 (May 2005): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287505275327.
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Perdue, Richard R. "Annual TTRA Conference." Journal of Travel Research 44, no. 4 (May 2006): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287506287722.
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Illum, Steve. "1984 TTRA conference." Annals of Tourism Research 12, no. 1 (January 1985): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(85)90048-9.
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Fridgen, Joseph D., and Jafar Jafari. "TTRA turns twenty." Annals of Tourism Research 17, no. 2 (January 1990): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(90)90098-c.
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Anuwongnukroh, Niwat, Surachai Dechkunakorn, Nathaphon Tangit, and Subongkoch Tongkoom. "Effect of Temperature on Deactivation Force of Three Commercial NiTi Orthodontic Archwires." Advanced Materials Research 1025-1026 (September 2014): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.325.
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the transition temperature range (TTR) and the effect of temperatures at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 °C on the deactivation force of three commercially available NiTi archwires. Materials and methods: Three different brands of NiTi archwires, NiTi OR (Ormco), NiTi GH (G&H) and NiTi H (Highland), with a cross sectional area of 0.016 x 0.022 inch2 were analysed for transformation temperature range (TTR) by using differential scanning calorimeter and load-deflection characteristics using a three-point bending test at temperatures of 10, 20, 30, 37, 40, 50 and 60 °C. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive analysis was used to calculate each variable and Kruskal Wallis test was performed to assess the difference in measurements among the three NiTi wires. P<0.05 was considered as statistical significant. Results: TTR showed austenitic temperature finish (Af) at 24.45 °C for NiTi OR, 27.55 °C for NiTi GH and 51.5 °C for NiTi H. The highest deactivation force was found in NiTi H followed by NiTi OR and NiTi GH at the temperatures below and higher than 37°C. There were siginificant differences (p<0.05) in the deactivation force of NiTi OR - NiTi H and NiTi GH - NiTi H at 10 °C and 20 oC, and NiTi GH – NiTi H and NiTi GH – NiTi OR at 30 °C and 37 °C. However, no significant difference was found among all NiTi wires at 40, 50 and 60 oC, except NiTi GH – NiTi H at 60 oC. A close relationship was found between temperature and unloading curves (deactivaton force); increase in the temperature led to an increase in the plateau of delivery deactivation force and decrease in temperature led to a decrease in the plateau of delivery deactivation force. Conclusion: The TTRs of commercial NiTi archwires are variable, expecially the austenitic finish temperature. The deactivation force increases in higher temperature and decreases in lower temperature.
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Guernsey, Cindy, C. R. Goeldner, and Deborah Eckstein. "18th annual TTRA conference." Tourism Management 8, no. 4 (December 1987): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(87)90097-5.
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Guernsey, Cindy, Gin Hayden, Sarah Richardson, and C. R. Goeldner. "19th annual TTRA conference." Tourism Management 9, no. 4 (December 1988): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(88)90010-6.
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Torres, M. F., J. Serra, J. L. Ochoa, and M. J. Saraiva. "A new transthyretin (TTR) variant-TTR cysteine 104." Neuromuscular Disorders 6 (February 1996): S21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-8966(96)88827-4.
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Ruane, Seán T. "The 2016 TTRA Europe conference." Anatolia 28, no. 2 (October 12, 2016): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2016.1242048.
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Brito, M. F., T. T. C. Carvalho, G. R. Valle, L. F. L. Ferreira, J. V. M. Mambrini, M. R. J. M. Henry, and M. I. V. Melo. "Efeito da radiação vermelha de baixa intensidade sobre o sêmen canino criopreservado." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 67, no. 1 (February 2015): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-6594.
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O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi analisar o efeito da radiação vermelha de baixa intensidade sobre alguns parâmetros cinéticos do espermatozoide canino criopreservado. Ejaculados de oito cães adultos foram centrifugados, rediluídos em meio tris-gema de ovo com 6% de glicerol, e, posteriormente, fracionados em: T1: incidência de radiação vermelha (660 NM) (Fisioled - Mmoptics - 100mW) por 60 segundos, antes do resfriamento e após a descongelação; T2: incidência somente antes do resfriamento; T3: incidência somente após a descongelação; e T4: sem incidência. Após a descongelação, as amostras foram submetidas ao TTR utilizando-se Sperm Class Analyzer(r). No TTR0, TTR60 e TTR90, não houve diferença entre as variáveis analisadas pelo CASA. Somente no TTR30 os efeitos da incidência da radiação vermelha foram evidentes e significativos em T1 e T2; T1 resultou em baixa MT (12,5 + 10,6%) e T2 determinou o melhor resultado de MT 40,3 + 26,1%. De forma similar T1 apresentou maior número de espermatozoides estáticos (77,5±28,9%) em relação ao T2 (50,6±28%). Concluiu-se que a dupla incidência de radiação vermelha de baixa intensidade antes do resfriamento e após a descongelação teve efeito deletério sobre a motilidade do espermatozoide canino, expressa principalmente aos 30 minutos após descongelação.
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Gomes, João R., Zsuzsa Sárkány, Anabela Teixeira, Renata Nogueira, Inês Cabrito, Hugo Soares, Angela Wittelsberger, et al. "Anti-TTR Nanobodies Allow the Identification of TTR Neuritogenic Epitope Associated with TTR-Megalin Neurotrophic Activities." ACS Chemical Neuroscience 10, no. 1 (October 10, 2018): 704–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00502.
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Alves, I. L., and M. J. M. Saraiva. "Comparative catabolism and stability of TTR Met30 and TTR Met119." Neuromuscular Disorders 6 (February 1996): S19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-8966(96)88823-7.
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Herzog, Bastian, Hilde Lemmer, Brigitte Helmreich, Harald Horn, and Elisabeth Müller. "Monitoring benzotriazoles: a 1 year study on concentrations and removal efficiencies in three different wastewater treatment plants." Water Science and Technology 69, no. 4 (November 25, 2013): 710–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.766.
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Benzotriazole (BTri), 4- and 5-tolyltriazole (4-TTri, 5-TTri) were monitored over 1 year in three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with a membrane bioreactor (MBR-MH) and two conventional activated sludge systems (CAS-E, CAS-M). The influent/effluent concentrations and treatment stages removal efficiencies were monitored. 5-TTri was removed best (mean removal 80%) in the WWTP mainly by biodegradation followed by BTri (mean removal 45%) and 4-TTri (mean removal 15%) that showed a significant lower elimination. High removal fluctuations for all three benzotriazoles occurred over the four seasons with lowest removal during winter. All three WWTPs constituted a point source for BTs in the aquatic environment as concentration measurements in the receiving rivers upstream and downstream of the WWTP proved. While MBR-MH and CAS-M significantly increased the downstream concentrations, CAS-E only slightly increased the downstream concentrations as the receiving river was already contaminated with benzotriazoles from hydropower. 5-TTri was detected in lowest concentrations due to its good removal compared to BTri and 4-TTri that contribute to high effluent concentrations with the potential to accumulate due to insufficient self-purification.
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Almeida, D. S., S. C. C. Pinto, M. B. R. Alves, Y. S. Galiza, E. C. C. Celeghini, L. M. Laskoski, J. P. Osorio, and F. A. Souza. "Glutathione and IGF-1 in bovine seminal cryopreservation: oxidative stress response and pregnancy rate." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 73, no. 2 (March 2021): 311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12060.
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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the rate of conception, metabolic, and structural conditions of cryopreserved bovine sperm cells, plus extender with IGF-1 and glutathione (GSH). 12 ejaculations of Nelore bulls were used, submitted to treatments: control, gSH (2mM/mL), IGF-1 (100ng/mL) and gSH (1mM/mL) + IGF-1 (50ng/mL). After cryopreservation and thawing the semen passed the fast thermo resistance test (TTR), plasma membrane and acrosomal integrity (PIAI), mitochondrial membrane potential (AP), oxidative stress, and conception rate. Tukey test was used for the statistical analysis of the parametric variables and the Friedman test for nonparametric. The gestation percentage was compared by the Chi-square test. There was no statistical difference (P<0.05) between treatments for the TTRr variable. Otherwise in the oxidative stress evaluated with the CellROX probe was noted that the IGF-1 showed the highest number of reactive cells (P<0.05). The PIAI, AP and gestation rate showed no difference among treatments (P>0.05), with an average of conceptions of 36.58%. It is concluded that IGF-1, gSH and their association did not cause changes in sperm motility, mitochondrial potential, plasma and acrosomal membrane integrity. IGF-1 increased oxidative stress, however, there was no difference in the gestation rate among the treatments.
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Goeldner, Charles R. "Travel and Tourism Research Association (TTRA)." Anatolia 26, no. 2 (January 31, 2014): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2014.882734.
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Spotts, Daniel M., and Joseph D. Fridgen. "Reflections on the 1993 TTRA conference." Annals of Tourism Research 21, no. 4 (January 1994): 848–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(94)90093-0.
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Almeida, M., L. Gales, A. Damas, I. Cardoso, and M. Saraiva. "Small Transthyretin (TTR) Ligands as Possible Therapeutic Agents in TTR Amyloidoses." Current Drug Target -CNS & Neurological Disorders 4, no. 5 (October 1, 2005): 587–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156800705774322076.
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Wieczorek, Elżbieta, and Andrzej Ożyhar. "Transthyretin: From Structural Stability to Osteoarticular and Cardiovascular Diseases." Cells 10, no. 7 (July 13, 2021): 1768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10071768.
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Transthyretin (TTR) is a tetrameric protein transporting hormones in the plasma and brain, which has many other activities that have not been fully acknowledged. TTR is a positive indicator of nutrition status and is negatively correlated with inflammation. TTR is a neuroprotective and oxidative-stress-suppressing factor. The TTR structure is destabilized by mutations, oxidative modifications, aging, proteolysis, and metal cations, including Ca2+. Destabilized TTR molecules form amyloid deposits, resulting in senile and familial amyloidopathies. This review links structural stability of TTR with the environmental factors, particularly oxidative stress and Ca2+, and the processes involved in the pathogenesis of TTR-related diseases. The roles of TTR in biomineralization, calcification, and osteoarticular and cardiovascular diseases are broadly discussed. The association of TTR-related diseases and vascular and ligament tissue calcification with TTR levels and TTR structure is presented. It is indicated that unaggregated TTR and TTR amyloid are bound by vicious cycles, and that TTR may have an as yet undetermined role(s) at the crossroads of calcification, blood coagulation, and immune response.
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Almeida, Maria Rosário, and Maria João Saraiva. "Thyroxine binding to transthyretin (TTR) variants—two variants (TTR Pro 55 and TTR Met 111) with a particularly low binding affinity." European Journal of Endocrinology 135, no. 2 (August 1996): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1350226.
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Almeida MR, Saraiva MJ. Thyroxine binding to transthyretin (TTR) variants—two variants (TTR Pro 55 and TTR Met 111) with a particularly low binding affinity. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;135:226–30. ISSN 0804–4643 Thyroxine (T4) binding is a well-characterized function of transthyretin (TTR) and has been used to assess structural alterations of TTR variants. Most TTR variants deposit as amyloid fibrils originating different forms of hereditary amyloidosis. It has been hypothesized that amino acid substitutions in the TTR variants induce structural alterations that may be responsible for the amyloidogenicity of the mutant proteins. To test for structural alterations in TTR, we studied T4 binding to TTR variants both in whole serum and in isolated form obtained from heterozygotic carriers of amyloidogenic and non-amyloidogenic variants and compared the binding with the corresponding homozygotic recombinant variants. The results obtained indicated a normal T4 binding affinity for heterozygotic TTR Ala 49, TTR Leu 68, TTR Ala 71 and TTR Arg 102. Concerning TTR Pro 55 and TTR Met 111, we found a consistent decrease in binding affinity. These results were more pronounced for the equivalent recombinant proteins. Recombinant TTR Pro 55 did not show specific binding to T4 and recombinant TTR Met 111 presented very low binding affinity. Neither TTR Pro 55 nor TTR Met 111 are localized in the T4 binding channel, thus structural alterations induced by these mutations should be transmitted to the binding channel interfering with T4 binding. The results now reported, together with ongoing structural data by X-ray analyses on mutants Pro 55 and Met 111 and future binding studies with other ligands, will contribute to the elucidation of the structure and function of TTR, particularly in thyroid hormone metabolism. Maria João Saraiva, Centro de Estudos de Paramiloidose, Hospital de Santo António, 4050 Porto, Portugal
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Yang, Shu, Chengchuan An, Yao-Jan Wu, and Jingxin Xia. "Origin–Destination-Based Travel Time Reliability." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2643, no. 1 (January 2017): 139–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2643-16.
Full textAbstract:
Travel time reliability (TTR) is an important performance indicator for transportation systems. TTR can be generally categorized as either segment based or origin–destination (O-D) based. A primary difference between the two TTR estimations is that route information is implied in segment-based TTR estimations. Segment-based TTR estimations have been widely studied in previous research; however, O-D–based TTR estimations are used infrequently. This paper provides detailed insight into O-D–based TTR estimations and raises three new issues: ( a) How many routes do travelers usually take and what are the TTR values associated with these routes? ( b) Do statistical differences exist between route-specific and non-route-specific (NRS) TTR values? ( c) How can O-D–based TTR information be delivered? Two processes were proposed to address the issues. Three TTR measures—standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and buffer index—were calculated. The bootstrapping technique was used to measure the accuracy of the TTR measures. Approximate confidence intervals were used to investigate statistically the differences between route-specific and NRS TTR measures. A large quantity of taxicab GPS-based data provided data support for estimating O-D–based TTR measures. The results of O-D–based TTR measures showed that no statistically significant differences existed between route-specific and NRS TTR measures for most of the time periods examined. Statistically significant differences could still be found in some time periods. Travelers may take advantage of these differences to choose a more reliable route. Access to both numeric TTR values and route preference, instead of just to TTR information on segments of interest, can be beneficial to travelers in planning an entire trip.
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Liz, Márcia A., Carolina E. Fleming, Ana F. Nunes, Maria R. Almeida, Fernando M. Mar, Youngchool Choe, Charles S. Craik, James C. Powers, Matthew Bogyo, and Mónica M. Sousa. "Substrate specificity of transthyretin: identification of natural substrates in the nervous system." Biochemical Journal 419, no. 2 (March 27, 2009): 467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20082090.
Full textAbstract:
Besides functioning as the plasma transporter of retinol and thyroxine, TTR (transthyretin) is a protease, cleaving apoA-I (apolipoprotein A-I) after a phenylalanine residue. In the present study, we further investigated TTR substrate specificity. By using both P-diverse libraries and a library of phosphonate inhibitors, a TTR preference for a lysine residue in P1 was determined, suggesting that TTR might have a dual specificity and that, in addition to apoA-I, other TTR substrates might exist. Previous studies revealed that TTR is involved in the homoeostasis of the nervous system, as it participates in neuropeptide maturation and enhances nerve regeneration. We investigated whether TTR proteolytic activity is involved in these functions. Both wild-type TTR and TTRprot− (proteolytically inactive TTR) had a similar effect in the expression of peptidylglycine α-amidating mono-oxygenase, the rate-limiting enzyme in neuropeptide amidation, excluding the involvement of TTR proteolytic activity in neuropeptide maturation. However, TTR was able to cleave amidated NPY (neuropeptide Y), probably contributing to the increased NPY levels reported in TTR-knockout mice. To assess the involvement of TTR proteolytic activity in axonal regeneration, neurite outgrowth of cells cultivated with wild-type TTR or TTRprot−, was measured. Cells grown with TTRprot− displayed decreased neurite length, thereby suggesting that TTR proteolytic activity is important for its function as a regeneration enhancer. By showing that TTR is able to cleave NPY and that its proteolytic activity affects axonal growth, the present study shows that TTR has natural substrates in the nervous system, establishing further its relevance in neurobiology.