Dissertations / Theses: 'TSS'

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Freitas, Anderson Meirelles. "TSS e TSB: novos descritores de forma baseados em tensor scale." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45134/tde-20122017-205014/.

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Neste trabalho são apresentados dois novos descritores de forma para tarefas de recuperação de imagens por conteúdo (CBIR) e análise de formas, que são construídos sobre uma extensão do conceito de tensor scale baseada na Transformada de Distância Euclidiana (EDT). Primeiro, o algoritmo de tensor scale é utilizado para extrair informações da forma sobre suas estruturas locais (espessura, orientação e anisotropia) representadas pela maior elipse contida em uma região homogênea centrada em cada pixel da imagem. Nos novos descritores, o limite do intervalo das orientações das elipses do modelo de tensor scale é estendido de 180º para 360º, de forma a melhor discriminar a descrição das estruturas locais. Então, com base em diferentes abordagens de amostragem, visando resumir informações mais relevantes, os novos descritores são construídos. No primeiro descritor proposto, Tensor Scale Sector (TSS), a distribuição das orientações relativas das estruturas locais em setores circulares é utilizada para compor um vetor de características de tamanho fixo, para uma caracterização de formas baseada em região. No segundo descritor, o Tensor Scale Band (TSB), foram considerados histogramas das orientações relativas extraídos de bandas concêntricas, formando também um vetor de características de tamanho fixo, com uma função de distância de tempo linear. Resultados experimentais com diferentes bases de formas (MPEG-7 e MNIST) são apresentados para ilustrar e validar os métodos. TSS demonstra resultados comparáveis aos métodos estado da arte, que geralmente dependem de algoritmos custosos de otimização de correspondências. Já o TSB, com sua função de distância em tempo linear, se demonstra como uma solução adequada para grandes coleções de formas.
In this work, two new shape descriptors are proposed for tasks in Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) and Shape Analysis tasks, which are built upon an extended tensor scale based on the Euclidean Distance Transform (EDT). First, the tensor scale algorithm is applied to extract shape attributes from its local structures (thickness, orientation, and anisotropy) as represented by the largest ellipse within a homogeneous region centered at each image pixel. In the new descriptors, the upper limit of the interval of local orientation of tensor scale ellipses is extended from 180º to 360º, to better discriminate the description of local structures. Then, the new descriptors are built based on different sampling approaches, aiming to summarize the most relevant features. In the first proposed descriptor, Tensor Scale Sector descriptor (TSS), the local distributions of relative orientations within circular sectors are used to compose a fixed-length feature vector, for a region-based shape characterization. For the second method, the Tensor Scale Band (TSB) descriptor, histograms of relative orientations are considered for each circular concentric band, to also compose a fixed-length feature vector, with linear time distance function for matching. Experimental results for different shape datasets (MPEG-7 and MNIST) are presented to illustrate and validate the methods. TSS can achieve high retrieval values comparable to state-of-the-art methods, which usually rely on time-consuming correspondence optimization algorithms, but uses a simpler and faster distance function, while the even faster linear complexity of TSB leads to a suitable solution for very large shape collections.

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Riddle, Craig Stuart. "A Scrolling Geotextile Fabric Filter Device for Primary Clarification." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30913.

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This study investigated the feasibility of using a portable geotextile fabric based filtering device to remove suspended solids from raw sewage. This device was considered to replace a conventional primary clarifier. The proposed filtration process directs wastewater influent through a geotextile fabric filter. As filtering progresses, and solids accumulate on the fabric, the loaded fabric is scrolled to present a fresh surface. Only non-woven polypropylene geotextile fabrics were investigated. These products are constructed by spunbonding or needle-punch technique. Needle-punched fabrics proved superior in terms of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) filtering performance and fabric usage rates. Spunbonded products absorbed less moisture, reducing loaded fabric weight. Fabric thickness did not affect filtration efficiencies for either type of geotextile. Process variables affecting unit performance were investigated. Flow rate, head level, and fabric tension did not affect TSS removal. Fabric tension, however, is limited by tensile strength of the geotextile material. Two wastewater receving basin configurations for the device were investigated. An influent basin with two 450 angled walls forming a V-shape performed better in terms of fabric feed rates. It is recommended for full-scale applications. Finally, several methods were used in an effort to improve treatment performance. Polymer use, and polymer use in conjunction with pre-screening of wastewater, were both used. Polymer use alone did not increase the operating efficiency. Polymer use, along with pre-screening, was promising enough to consider this as a stand-alone treatment system.
Master of Science

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Johannesson, Ylva, and Jenny Martens. "Kommunikation genom tecken : förskolepedagogers upplevelse av hur tecken som stöd (TSS) kan bidra till barns språkutveckling." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för pedagogik, psykologi och idrottsvetenskap, PPI, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-24618.

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Syftet med undersökningen är att belysa hur tecken som stöd (TSS) används i förskolan samt hur pedagogerna upplever detta. Anser de att det finns fördelar respektive nackdelar gällande barns språkutveckling och kommunikation vid användandet av TSS? Följande frågeställning har formulerats utifrån syftet: Hur/när använder sig pedagoger av TSS i förskolan samt hur upplever de att detta gynnar barns språkutveckling och kommunikation? Hur upplever pedagogerna sin egen roll i användandet av TSS samt upplever de att det finns fördelar respektive nackdelar med att använda TSS? Undersökningen är kvalitativ och har genomförts med hjälp av intervjuer med fem pedagoger som arbetar i förskolan, varav en är specialpedagog. Resultatet visar att pedagogerna är positiva till användningen av TSS samt att de upplever att det gynnar barns språkutveckling och kommunikation. De undersökta förskolorna har olika användningsområden när det gäller TSS, det kan fungera som ett verktyg exempelvis vid flerspråkighet samt vid funktionshinder. Pedagogerna anser att TSS kan vara till stöd för alla barn i förskolan och att det främjar delaktighet och samhörighet till gruppen. Det framkommer att det är av stor betydelse att alla vuxna och barn kan kommunicera med tecken för att alla ska känna sig inkluderade i verksamheten. Pedagogerna anser att det behövs utbildning inom teckenkommunikation för att detta arbetssätt ska genomsyra verksamheten.

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Hill, Donna F. "Wraparound Services in Philadelphia Schools: An Analysis of Wraparound Agencies' Monitoring Practices of Therapeutic Staff Support Treatment Integrity." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2009. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/28750.

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Urban Education
Ph.D.
Therapeutic Staff Support, commonly known as TSS, provide one-on-one direct care (in home, school, and community settings) to children diagnosed with a severe emotional or behavioral disorder. In this dissertation I explore wraparound agencies practices of monitoring Therapeutic Staff Support treatment integrity. Using a qualitative design, 26 participants from three wraparound agencies were selected for this study. Data collection included interviews and documents (treatment plans, progress notes, and psychologist recommendations). Two primary research questions guided my inquiry into wraparound agencies monitoring practices of TSS: How do wraparound agencies monitor TSS treatment delivery? Does monitoring incorporate strategies for targeting TSS misutilization? Two secondary questions were: What are some potential threats to TSS treatment integrity? How do TSS address threats that directly affect students in schools? Findings suggest wraparound agencies use myriad methods to monitor TSS treatment adherence and accountability mechanisms adequately address TSS job performance. Similarly, I find agencies shape treatment document designs (plans and progress notes) to facilitate their use. Findings also point to five categories of issues which serve as potential threats to effective TSS treatment administration. I also find TSS misutilization was not a factor although there was no method of monitoring it. TSS did, however, find themselves performing multifaceted roles (often in response to threats directly affecting their students) which extended beyond their required roles of treatment agent and data collector; eight roles emerged. Ultimately, findings suggest documentation review and BSC observations are the most common approaches to monitoring TSS treatment integrity. Themes for threats (consistent with those found in other treatment literature) and themes used for TSS typology can be explored in future studies.
Temple University--Theses

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Paula, Makele Rosa de. "RELAÇÕES ENTRE VARIÁVEIS LIMNOLÓGICAS E REFLECTÂNCIA DO RESERVATÓRIO PASSO REAL RS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9453.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Despite the economic and social relevance of the reservoirs, its construction changes the water quality. In this sense, remote sensing has contributed to monitor the water quality providing spatial and temporal analysis information. The objective was to analyze the relation between limnological variables and spectral data of the Passo Real reservoir RS, Brazil, combining in situ and RapidEye data. The limnological data were collected at April 17and 18, 2009, concomitant to RapidEye acquisition (April 17, 2009). The following limnological data were determined: water transparency (Secchi disk); temperature; total of suspended solids (TSS); chlorophyll a (Chl a) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). After atmospheric correction, for each filed sampling point was applied a 3x3 window to extract reflectance data. By using descriptive statistic, regression analysis and spatial estimative, the RapidEye reflectance and band ratio data were related to the optically active elements of water. Based on the Chl a concentration, the reservoir presented the following trophic environments: ultraoligotrophic, oligotrophic and mesotrophic. According to the CONAMA nº 357/2005 resolution, in April 2009, the Passo Real reservoir s water meet the type I. The empirical models allowed to estimative the TSS concentration e water transparency (R² = 0.87 e R² = 0.79) using the near infrared and red bands, respectively. Because of the low correlation between Chl a and the spectral data, there was a low consistency between the estimated data and field collected data (interpolated). It was found that is possible to develop empirical models to estimate the TSS concentration and water transparency using RapidEye satellite scene. The bands ratios presented similar results than the obtained from the correlation between the bands and limnological variables. The highest correlation coefficients for the TSS were obtained through the B5/B1 and B5/B2 rations (r = 0.94 e r = 0.93, respectively). The ratio B1/B3 presented the highest correlation with the water transparency (r = 0.94). The results obtained with RapidEye image, highlight the perspective to use satellite data as analysis tool for water quality monitoring.
Apesar da importância econômica e social dos reservatórios, a sua construção provoca alterações na qualidade da água. Nesse sentido, o sensoriamento remoto tem contribuído no monitoramento da qualidade da água com informações para análise espacial e temporal. O objetivo foi analisar as relações entre variáveis limnológicas e espectrais no reservatório Passo Real RS, Brasil, utilizando dados coletados in situ e do satélite RapidEye. A coleta de dados limnológicos ocorreram nos dias 17 e 18 de abril de 2009 coincidindo com a passagem do satélite RapidEye (17 de abril de 2009). Os seguintes dados limnológicos foram determinados: transparência da água (disco de Secchi); temperatura; total de sólidos em suspensão (TSS); clorofila a (Chl a) e carbono orgânico dissolvido (COD). Após a correção dos efeitos atmosféricos, para cada ponto amostral de campo foi aplicada uma matriz 3x3 para extração dos dados de reflectância. Com o uso da estatística descritiva, análise de regressão e estimativas espaciais, a reflectância e as razões entre bandas do RapidEye foram relacionados aos elementos opticamente ativos da água. Com base na concentração de Chl a o reservatório apresentou os seguintes ambientes tróficos: ultraoligotrófico, oligotrófico e mesotrófico. A água do reservatório Passo Real no mês de abril de 2009 se enquadram na classe I de acordo com a resolução CONAMA nº 357/2005. Os modelos empíricos permitiram estimar a concentração de TSS e transparência da água (R² = 0,87 e R² = 0,79) usando as bandas do infravermelho próximo e vermelho, respectivamente. Devido aos baixos valores de correlação da Chl a com os dados espectrais, houve baixa consistência dos dados estimados pela imagem e dados coletados a campo (interpolados). Verificou-se que é possível desenvolver um modelo empírico para estimar a concentração de TSS e transparência da água a partir de imagem de satélite RapidEye. Os resultados das razões de bandas foram semelhantes aos obtidos a partir da correlação entre os valores espectrais e as variáveis limnológicas. Os melhores coeficientes de correlação para o TSS, foram encontrados para as razões de bandas B5/B1 e B5/B2, r = 0,94 e r = 0,93, respectivamente. A razão B1/B3 resultou na melhor correlação com a transparência da água, r = 0,94. Os resultados obtidos com a imagem RapidEye, abrem a perspectiva para a utilização de imagens orbitais como ferramenta de análise e monitoramento da qualidade da água em reservatórios.

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L'Altrella, Claudio. "Stormwater Runoff from Elevated Highways: Prediction of COD from Field Measurements and TSS." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2007. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/532.

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This proposed research focused on the prediction and identification of chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations in storm water runoff from elevated roadways, which transports a significant load of contaminants. The objective of this research was to develop a mathematical model to relate COD concentration to different measurable parameters which are easily available and routinely measurable for elevated roadways. The test site for this research was selected at the intersection of the Interstate-10 and Interstate-610, Orleans Parish, New Orleans, Louisiana. Subsequently a research test site was developed and highway storm water runoff was collected. The developed model enables the user to predict COD concentrations within a prediction interval of 95 % confidence. The reliability of the model was verified by carrying out significant-difference tests for both sets of data, observed and predicted, for a 5% of significance level.

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Garza, Octavio Armando. "Food service establishment wastewater characterization and management practice evaluation." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3220.

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Food service establishments that use onsite wastewater treatment systems are experiencing hydraulic and organic overloading of pretreatment systems and/or drain fields. Design guidelines for these systems are typically provided in State regulations and based on residential hydraulic applications. For the purposes of this research, hydraulic loading indicates the daily flow of water directed to the wastewater system. Organic loading refers to the composition of the wastewater as quantified by five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total fats, oils and greases (FOG), and total suspended solids (TSS). The first part of this study included an analysis of the central tendencies of analytical data of four wastewater parameters from 28 restaurants representing a broad spectrum of restaurant types. Field sampling consisted of two sets of grab samples collected from each restaurant for six consecutive days at approximately the same time each day. These sets were collected approximately two weeks apart. The numerical data included BOD5, FOG, and TSS. The fourth parameter evaluated was daily flow. Data exploration and statistical analyses of the numerical data from the 28 restaurants was performed with the standard gamma probability distribution model in ExcelTM and used to determine inferences of the analytical data. The analysis shows higher hydraulic and organic values for restaurant wastewater than residential wastewater. The second part of the study included a statistical analysis of restaurant management practices and primary cuisine types and their influence on BOD5, FOG, TSS, and daily flow to determine if management practices and/or cuisine types may be influencing wastewater composition and flow. A self-reporting survey was utilized to collect management practice and cuisine type information. Survey response information and analytical data were entered into an ExcelTM spreadsheet and subsequently incorporated into SASTM statistical software for statistical analysis. Analysis indicated that the number of seats in a restaurant, use of self-serve salad bars, and primary cuisine types are statistically significant indicators of wastewater characteristics.

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Murphy, Louise Una. "Quantifying Spatial and Temporal Deposition of Atmospheric Pollutants in Runoff from Different Pavement Types." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10467.

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Urban development leads to increased impermeable landscapes that interrupt the hydrological cycle by creating an impermeable barrier to the natural infiltration of precipitation. Precipitate, unable to infiltrate, flows over impermeable surfaces as sheet runoff, carrying the pollutants from the land with it; thus comprising the quality of the stormwater. The runoff is redirected (frequently untreated) to nearby waterways altering their water quality and quantity, thereby, adversely affecting receiving aquatic ecosystems. Suspended solids and elevated heavy metal concentrations in stormwater are the leading causes of water quality degradation in urban waterways in New Zealand. It is widely reported that vehicles and metal roofs are a major direct source of the key pollutants (total suspended solids (TSS) and heavy metals) in stormwater runoff; however, the contribution of atmospheric deposition, as an indirect source, in stormwater runoff is rarely considered. This is principally due to the many uncertainties and challenges with measuring and managing these pollutants in stormwater runoff. Therefore, a monitoring programme into the dynamics controlling atmospherically derived pollutant build-up and wash-off from urban surfaces was conducted. In particular, this research focused on the spatial and temporal variability of Cu, Zn, Pb, and TSS deposition in different land-use areas; the influence of pavement type on atmospherically-deposited pollutant loads in stormwater; and the contribution of wet deposition and dry deposition to the total deposition loads. Impermeable concrete boards (≈ 1 m2) were deployed for 11 months in different land-use areas (industrial, residential and airside) in Christchurch, New Zealand, to capture spatially distributed atmospheric deposition loads in runoff over varying meteorological conditions. Mixed-effect regression models were developed to explain the influence of different meteorological characteristics on pollutant build-up and wash-off dynamics. Next, impermeable asphalt, permeable asphalt, impermeable concrete, and permeable concrete boards were deployed for two months in a residential land-use area to determine the influence of pavement composition and roughness on pollutant loads in stormwater. Finally, wet deposition samples were analysed in an industrial land-use area for 8 months to monitor the contribution of wet deposition to atmospherically-deposited pollutant loads. All samples were analysed for total and dissolved Cu, Zn, Pb, and TSS. Pavement type: Results showed that both impermeable and permeable concrete were efficient at retaining Cu and Zn. Bitumen leaching from the impermeable asphalt was a significant source of Zn to runoff. However, bitumen leaching from the permeable asphalt did not contain elevated Zn loads. Infiltrate from the permeable asphalt provided little/no removal of Cu and Zn. Impermeable asphalt provided greater retention of TSS and Pb over impermeable concrete because its rougher surface entrapped more particulates. TSS and Pb loads were the lowest from the permeable pavements due to the pavers filtering out particulates. Spatial variability: Results showed that all three land-use areas exhibited similar patterns of varying metal and TSS loads, indicating that atmospherically-deposited metals and TSS had a homogenous distribution within the Christchurch airshed. This suggested that the pollutants originated from a similar source and that the surrounding land-use was not an important factor in determining atmospheric pollutant loads to stormwater runoff. Although, higher pollutant loads were found for the industrial area, this was attributed to local topographic conditions rather than land-use activity. Temporal variability: Results illustrated the importance of antecedent dry days on pollutant build-up. Peak rainfall intensity and rain duration had a significant relationship with TSS and Pb wash-off; rain depth had a significant relationship with Cu and Zn wash-off. This suggested that the pollutant speciation phase plays an important role in surface wash-off. Rain intensity and duration influenced particulate pollutants, whereas, rain depth influenced dissolved pollutants. Additionally, mixed-effect models could predict approximately 53-69% of the variation in airborne pollutant loads in runoff. Deposition pathways: Wet deposition was an important contributor of dissolved Zn to stormwater runoff. However, dry deposition was the greatest source of total Cu, Zn, and Pb loads in stormwater runoff. This is principally due to the low annual rainfall in Christchurch limiting pollutant removal via wet deposition unlike dry deposition, which is continually occurring. Understanding the dynamics of airborne pollutant deposition and their contribution to stormwater pollution could help stormwater managers in strategic decision-making processes such as choice of location and installation of different treatment systems.

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Wachholz, Flávio. "COMPARTIMENTAÇÃO AQUÁTICA DO RESERVATÓRIO RODOLFO COSTA E SILVA-RS, A PARTIR DE VARIÁVEIS LIMNOLÓGICAS E IMAGENS ORBITAIS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9273.

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A reservoir presents different environmental traits as a function of the flooded area, water circulation pattern, residence time and nutrients entrance. This situation define the aquatic compartments. The objective was use limnological parameter dynamic and spectral data to identify aquatic compartments in the Rodolfo Costa e Silva reservoir, located on central region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, on southern region of Brazil. The methodology was based on the measure of water transparence with Secchi disc, Total of Suspended Solids (TSS) and chlorophyll a, b and c. These data were monthly collected in 21 sampling points, distributed over the reservoir during hydrologic year (Oct. 2005 to Sept. 2006). However, chlorophyll samples were collected only two times in autumn season. Satellites images from China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite 2 (CBERS 2 CCD) and Landsat 5 (TM) were used to make a comparison with limnological and field spectral data. The spatial distribution of limnological parameters was done after data interpolation (weighted average) and its analyses allowed the discrimination of aquatic compartments. During the hydrologic year the transparence changed between 100 and 315 cm and could be divided in two periods: a period with low transparences, from August to November (marked by land tillage for summer crop) and; period with high transparence, from December to June. Based on this variable, the reservoir presented three compartments: a) upstream, with lower transparence; b) downstream, with higher transparence; c) central region, even with high transparence. The TSS ranged from 0.17 to 14.16 mg/L in the hydrologic year. Its behavior was inversely to the water transparence but presented the same three compartments than transparence. The chlorophyll concentration varied from 0.63 to 24.19 μg/L and defined two compartments: upstream and downstream. A larger input of nutrients in upstream let the development of phytoplankton (chlorophylls). Results from CCD and TM images were better when TSS concentration was greater and transparence smaller, associated to the highest data variance. Concentrations of TSS up to 4 mg/L periods with low transparence allowed identify aquatic compartments with blue band (centered on 450 nm) and the red band (centered on 661 nm). The chlorophylls a and c showed absorption bands on the field spectrum of reflectance, making possible establish correlations with limnological parameters (TSS and transparence). Finally, the aquatic compartments that were found out are specially related to the entrance of organic and inorganic matter from terrestrial environment. TSS and chlorophyll decreases into downstream.
Normalmente, um reservatório apresenta diferentes características ambientais em função das áreas alagadas, dos diferentes padrões de circulação, do tempo de residência e entrada de nutrientes, que definem diferentes compartimentos aquáticos. A caracterização limnológica e espectral, com a identificação da dinâmica dos compartimentos aquáticos, foram realizadas no reservatório Rodolfo Costa e Silva RS (Brasil). A metodologia baseou-se na coleta de dados de transparência da água medida pelo disco de Secchi, Totais de Sólidos em Suspensão (TSS) e clorofila a, b e c em 21 pontos amostrais, distribuídos em todo o reservatório e obtidos mensalmente para compor um ano hidrológico (Out. 2005 a Set. 2006); com exceção da clorofila, que foi medida em duas datas durante o outono. Imagens dos satélites CBERS 2 CCD e Landsat 5 TM foram utilizadas para relacionar com os dados limnológicos de campo. A distribuição espacial desses dados limnológicos foi identificada por interpolação por média ponderada, para posterior discriminação dos compartimentos aquáticos. A transparência da água apresentou uma variação no ano hidrológico de 100 a 315 cm e pode ser dividida em dois períodos: das baixas transparências, compreendendo o período de agosto a novembro (período de preparo de solo para a safra agrícola de verão); e de altas transparências, compreendendo o período de dezembro a junho. Essa variável forma três compartimentos: a) o de montante, com menor transparência; b) o de jusante, com maior transparência; c) junto ao dique, de elevada transparência. O TSS apresentou uma amplitude de 0,17 a 14,16 mg/L no ano hidrológico, com comportamento inversamente proporcional ao da transparência definindo compartimentos aquáticos semelhantes. As clorofilas com variação de 0,53 a 24,19 μg/L apresentaram os dois compartimentos aquáticos: o de montante e o de jusante. O maior aporte de nutrientes, à montante do reservatório, proporcionaram o desenvolvimento do fitoplâncton (clorofilas). Os resultados obtidos com imagens CCD e TM foram melhores, quando as concentrações de TSS foram maiores e as transparências foram menores, acompanhados de maior variância. As baixas transparências e as concentrações de TSS maiores que 4 mg/L permitiram identificar compartimentos aquáticos nas bandas azul (450 nm) e vermelha (661 nm). As clorofilas a e c apresentaram bandas de absorção nos espectros de reflectância, permitindo estabelecer correlações. Por fim, os compartimentos aquáticos encontrados estão relacionados, principalmente, ao fornecimento de matéria orgânica e inorgânica oriundas do ambiente terrestre para o sistema aquático, verificado no setor montante, e sua concentração diminui no sentido jusante do reservatório.

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Pham, Khanh Huy, and Pham Hong Lien Nguyen. "Study on treatment of domestic wastewater of an area in Tu Liem district, Hanoi, by water hyacinth." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-190387.

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Domestic wastewater is one of the most interested environmental issues in Vietnam, especially in big cities and suburban residential areas. Most of the wastewater was not treated in the right way before discharging to environment. In this research, the author used water hyacinth as a main aquatic plant in aquatic pond model to treat wastewater. The experiment was operated continuously in 1 year with hydraulic retention time (HRT) is 11 and 18 days. Hydraulic loading rate (HRL) is 300 and 500 m3/ha/day, respectively. Treatment efficiency of the model for TSS is 90% (remaining 6 -12mg/l); COD, BOD5 is 63 - 81% (remaining 10 - 48mg/l); TP is 48 – 50% (remaining 3.5 - 9.8mg/l); TKN is 63 - 75% (remaining 8 - 17mg/l). Polluted parameters in effluent were lower than A and B levels of Vietnam standard QCVN 14: 2008/BTNMT and QCVN 40: 2011/BTNMT. The doubling time of water hyacinth in summer is 18days, and in autumn and winter is 28.5 days. Experiment results showed that we can use water hyacinth in aquatic pond to treat domestic wastewater with medium scale. We can apply this natural treatment method for residential areas by utilizing existing natural ponds and abandoned agricultural land with capacity up to 500m3/ha day. However, to get better efficiency we should combine with other aquatic plant species to treat wastewater and improve environmental landscape
Nước thải – xử lý nước thải sinh hoạt hiện đang là một trong những vấn đề môi trường được quan tâm tại Việt Nam nhất là tại các thành phố lớn và các khu dân cư. Hầu hết lượng nước thải chưa được xử lý đúng cách trước khi thải ra môi trường. Trong nghiên cứu này, tác giả sử dụng mô hình hồ thủy sinh và sử dụng cây Bèo lục bình để xử lý nước thải sinh hoạt của một khu dân thuộc huyện Từ Liêm, tại khu vực này nước thải bị thải trực tiếp vào sông Nhuệ. Thực nghiệm đã được tiến hành trong khoảng thời gian một năm, trải qua các mùa của khu vực miền Bắc với hai chế độ vận hành HRT là 18 và 11 ngày, tương ứng với tải trọng thủy lực HRL là 300 và 500 m3/ha/ngày. Kết quả cho thấy mô hình thủy sinh sử dụng cây bèo lục bình cho kết quả tốt, hiệu suất xử lý với các chất ô nhiễm đạt được như sau: chất rắn lơ lửng đạt 90%, COD, BOD5 đạt 63 - 81%, Phốt pho tổng giảm tới 48 -50%, Nitơ tổng giảm tới 63 - 75%. Hàm lượng các chất ô nhiễm trong nước thải đầu ra của mô hình đều thấp hơn ngưỡng A và B của các tiêu chuẩn QCVN 14: 2008/BTNMT và QCVN 40: 2011/BTNMT. Bên cạnh đó tác giả cũng đã xác định định được tốc độ sinh trưởng của cây bèo tại khu vực miền Bắc là 18 ngày vào mùa hè và 28.5 ngày vào mùa thu đông. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy có thể sử dụng bèo lục bình để xử lý nước thải sinh hoạt, với qui mô vừa và nhỏ và nên áp dụng cho các khu vực ven đô, nông thôn nơi có diện tích đất rộng hoặc tại các hồ sinh thái của các khu đô thị. Tuy nhiên, để hiệu quả tốt hơn ta cần kết hợp với nhiều loại thực vật thủy sinh khác để ngoài tác dụng xử lý nước thải mà còn tạo cảnh quan môi trường xung quanh

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11

Fuelling, Megan. "Mitigations of the Toxic Shock Syndrome Health Crisis: How Menstrual Freedoms Became Restricted and Menstruators Became Responsible." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1387.

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This paper aims to argue that TSS prevention has been and continues to be the responsibility of the menstruator and that this responsibility restricts menstrual freedoms. First, this paper will demonstrate that tampons were an integral part of menstrual culture when the TSS health crisis began in 1980. Secondly, the efforts of the CDC to mitigate, how the mitigations played out in print media, and what tampon manufacturers were doing will be analyzed to argue that mitigations restricted menstrual freedom while simultaneously making any future occurrence of TSS a product of user error. Finally, the current preventative advice given to menstruators, current CDC activity, and current scientific understandings and activity are analyzed to argue that menstruators are still restricted and made responsible for TSS today.

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12

Hanson, Nathan T. "Characterization and Removal Efficiency Comparison of Bioretention Soil Media Mixtures." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2018. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1891.

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Bioretention cells have become a commonly used green infrastructure technique to help infiltrate and remove contaminants from stormwater runoff. Bioretention cells are constructed from a layered or heterogeneous soil mixture designed to optimize their ability to infiltrate influent stormwater and remove contaminants carried by the water as it filters through the soil media. The soil mixture, composition, and planting vary depending the local regulatory agencies. As urbanization occurs across the United States, more natural land is converted from pervious surfaces, such as grasslands and forests, to impervious surfaces such as asphalt and concrete, to help reduce the impact of the runoff generated by this increased flow bioretention cells are an often-used method to treat stormwater. These impervious surfaces do not allow rainfall to infiltrate, and the water runs off into receiving water bodies such as rivers and streams as a non-point source pollutant. To help reduce pollutant loadings into receiving water bodies, Low Impact Development (LID) techniques were developed to reduce stormwater volume, peak flow, and contaminant loading rates. The bioretention cell is one of the most popular LID techniques and is comprised of a soil media that is either a layered or homogenous media, which is built following a regional agency’s standard. The performance of bioretention soil media is highly variable depending on the amount of each soil constituent present in the media. This study compares five different soil mixtures from various agencies’ specifications to determine which media composition is most effective at removing total suspended solids (TSS) and nitrates, two of the most prevalent contaminates carried by stormwater. This study also compares mixtures’ hydraulic conductivity which determines the volume of water that the media can infiltrate and “treat”. To perform these tests, six columns of soil media were constructed with media depths of 91.5 cm (36 inches). Columns were dosed with either tap water (Phase I) or a synthetic stormwater blend (Phase II) to determine the amount of TSS and nitrate exported by each mixture. The soil mixture in each column was characterized to understand how soil characteristics effect the performance of the various media mixtures. The bioretention soil media columns were all shown to be effective at removing influent TSS with an average removal rate of over 88% across all the columns, ranging from 99.9% removal to 73.6% removal. Most bioretention soil mixtures used in the test were shown to be ineffective at removing influent nitrates, with breakthrough of nitrate occurring after the first two pore volumes. Interestingly, the media with higher organic content were more effective at removing nitrates, with removal rates as high as 59.9% compared to the media with lower organic content. Hydraulic conductivity was also highly variable across the various soil media mixtures depending on the percentage of sand and fine media particles present in the media. Hydraulic conductivity ranged from a high value of 42 cm/hr to a low of 8.3 cm/hr. By comparing these results, a more effective bioretention soil media mixture can become agency standard and allow bioretention cells to have more consistent and better performance.

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13

Pham, Khanh Huy, and Pham Hong Lien Nguyen. "Study on treatment of domestic wastewater of an area in Tu Liem district, Hanoi, by water hyacinth: Research article." Technische Universität Dresden, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29082.

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Domestic wastewater is one of the most interested environmental issues in Vietnam, especially in big cities and suburban residential areas. Most of the wastewater was not treated in the right way before discharging to environment. In this research, the author used water hyacinth as a main aquatic plant in aquatic pond model to treat wastewater. The experiment was operated continuously in 1 year with hydraulic retention time (HRT) is 11 and 18 days. Hydraulic loading rate (HRL) is 300 and 500 m3/ha/day, respectively. Treatment efficiency of the model for TSS is 90% (remaining 6 -12mg/l); COD, BOD5 is 63 - 81% (remaining 10 - 48mg/l); TP is 48 – 50% (remaining 3.5 - 9.8mg/l); TKN is 63 - 75% (remaining 8 - 17mg/l). Polluted parameters in effluent were lower than A and B levels of Vietnam standard QCVN 14: 2008/BTNMT and QCVN 40: 2011/BTNMT. The doubling time of water hyacinth in summer is 18days, and in autumn and winter is 28.5 days. Experiment results showed that we can use water hyacinth in aquatic pond to treat domestic wastewater with medium scale. We can apply this natural treatment method for residential areas by utilizing existing natural ponds and abandoned agricultural land with capacity up to 500m3/ha day. However, to get better efficiency we should combine with other aquatic plant species to treat wastewater and improve environmental landscape.
Nước thải – xử lý nước thải sinh hoạt hiện đang là một trong những vấn đề môi trường được quan tâm tại Việt Nam nhất là tại các thành phố lớn và các khu dân cư. Hầu hết lượng nước thải chưa được xử lý đúng cách trước khi thải ra môi trường. Trong nghiên cứu này, tác giả sử dụng mô hình hồ thủy sinh và sử dụng cây Bèo lục bình để xử lý nước thải sinh hoạt của một khu dân thuộc huyện Từ Liêm, tại khu vực này nước thải bị thải trực tiếp vào sông Nhuệ. Thực nghiệm đã được tiến hành trong khoảng thời gian một năm, trải qua các mùa của khu vực miền Bắc với hai chế độ vận hành HRT là 18 và 11 ngày, tương ứng với tải trọng thủy lực HRL là 300 và 500 m3/ha/ngày. Kết quả cho thấy mô hình thủy sinh sử dụng cây bèo lục bình cho kết quả tốt, hiệu suất xử lý với các chất ô nhiễm đạt được như sau: chất rắn lơ lửng đạt 90%, COD, BOD5 đạt 63 - 81%, Phốt pho tổng giảm tới 48 -50%, Nitơ tổng giảm tới 63 - 75%. Hàm lượng các chất ô nhiễm trong nước thải đầu ra của mô hình đều thấp hơn ngưỡng A và B của các tiêu chuẩn QCVN 14: 2008/BTNMT và QCVN 40: 2011/BTNMT. Bên cạnh đó tác giả cũng đã xác định định được tốc độ sinh trưởng của cây bèo tại khu vực miền Bắc là 18 ngày vào mùa hè và 28.5 ngày vào mùa thu đông. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy có thể sử dụng bèo lục bình để xử lý nước thải sinh hoạt, với qui mô vừa và nhỏ và nên áp dụng cho các khu vực ven đô, nông thôn nơi có diện tích đất rộng hoặc tại các hồ sinh thái của các khu đô thị. Tuy nhiên, để hiệu quả tốt hơn ta cần kết hợp với nhiều loại thực vật thủy sinh khác để ngoài tác dụng xử lý nước thải mà còn tạo cảnh quan môi trường xung quanh.

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14

Bouvais, Pierre. "Influence of increased sediment exposure on suspension-feeder assemblages in a temperate seagrass meadow." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2016. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1814.

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The impact of increased sediment exposure on coastal marine ecosystems is one of the most important contemporary environmental issues. Sediment exposure is defined as the concentrations of sediment particles suspended in the water column and the amount of sediment depositing on the seabed. In addition to natural events, such as land erosion, rainfall, and tidal currents, anthropogenic activities such as land use, road building, logging, mining, port maintenance and dredging, contribute to the discharge of a great amount of sediment in the water column. As sessile suspension-feeder assemblages play a critical role in marine ecosystems through their active transfers of organic and inorganic between the water column and the seabed (i.e. benthic-pelagic coupling), increased sediment exposure generated by anthropogenic activities may negatively impact these organisms. This study set out to evaluate the influence of increased sediment exposure on suspension-feeder assemblages in a temperate seagrass habitat. Most of the research was conducted within Posidonia sinuosa meadows near Woodman Point (32◦7’S, 115◦44’E), south of Fremantle, Western Australia. At this location, persistent sediment plumes from a cement manufacturer’s wash plant provided an opportunity to study the mechanisms through which increased sediment exposure can affect suspension feeder assemblages. This study was examining: the relationship between sediment exposure and suspension feeder assemblage composition; the influence of increased sediment exposure on the contribution of potential food sources to suspension feeder diets; and the influence of sediment exposure on suspension-feeding mechanisms (filtration and retention rates) and strategies (food particle selection). The descriptive work, presented in Chapter 1, revealed a strong gradient in sediment exposure with decreasing sediment deposition with distance from the wash plant. There was little dissimilarity, in term of species diversity and biomass, among suspension-feeder assemblages under high sediment exposure and those experiencing natural sedimentation regimes. These findings indicated that the suspension-feeder assemblages at the study site were resistant to high sediment exposure and that some species could potentially display compensatory mechanisms. Thus, the degree to which increased sediment exposure influences suspension feeders was more likely to be species specific and depend on the resilience of their feeding mechanisms and strategies. Those findings underlined the need to test the causal parameters underlying responses to suspension-feeding activity and selectivity due to increased sediment exposure. Results presented in Chapter 2 indicated that the three most conspicuous suspension feeder in term of biomass and abundances presented distinct isotopic signatures, implying dissimilarities in their diets. Differences in δ13C and δ15N can be explained by consumption of different types of picoplanktonic particles and the degree to which sedimentary organic matter contributed to their diets. Increased sediment exposure had no influence on the natural diets of the ascidian Herdmania momus and the bivalve Pinna bicolor. For the sponge Tethya sp, the contribution of sedimentary organic matter to its diet increased at sites with high sediment exposure, suggesting a potential benefit to its diet. Overall, the influence of sediment exposure on suspension feeder diets was species specific and dependent on the nature (e.g. organically rich versus organically depleted) and concentrations of the sediment. In Chapter 3 data are presented to show that feeding mechanisms and strategies of three species of suspension feeders best representing the benthic assemblages were influenced by sediment exposure. Under high sediment exposure, the ascidian Herdmania momus had lower pumping rates, but maintained a relatively constant food retention rate, and optimised its food intake by expanding its food sources from mainly cyanobacteria (Synechococcus) to a wider range of food sources. The bivalve Pinna bicolor also had lower filtration activity with high sediment exposure, again, maintaining relatively constant total retention rates and displaying a change in particle selection from bacteria and Synechococcus to larger picoeukaryotic cells of higher carbon content. The sponge Tethya sp. appeared to benefit from elevated sediment concentrations, as filtration and retention rates increased, potentially related to a lack of food selectivity. In Chapter 4, a short-term laboratory experiment was combined with a field transplant experiment to investigate the response of suspension feeders to increased sediment exposure. Under elevated sediment exposure, Herdmania momus and Pinna bicolor modulated their particle selection to optimise food intake, while the non-selective suspension feeder Tethya sp increased its particle retention rate and efficiency. Both the laboratory and transplant experiment findings corroborated observations made in Chapters 1 and 2; compensatory adaptations associated with the feeding activity, such as the modulation of pumping rates and the optimisation of food intake by particle selection, help to explain the potential resistance of suspension feeder community structure to high sediment exposure. A major outcome of this research is that it informs shallow coastal ecosystems stakeholders of the possible consequences of anthropogenic activities that increase sediment exposure, particularly those in the order of TSS at 40 mg·l-1 and deposition rates in the order of 10 g·cm- 2·month-1. Despite this magnitude of sediment exposure had little influence on suspension feeder assemblage composition, the effects on the suspension-feeding function, including the increase of the filtration activity and transfers of carbon to the benthos, potentially influence benthicpelagic coupling and other ecosystem-scale processes. Given the variation in sensitivity to sediment exposure among suspension feeder species, meaningful criteria to limit the effects of anthropogenic sediment loading on shallow coastal ecosystems should take into account the whole species assemblage present at any given site.

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15

Yu, Mengran. "Approaches for investigating wildfire impacts on catchment hydrology." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20565.

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Wildfire has serious impacts on the hydrological cycle and water quality of forested catchments. Forested catchments are commonly used as an important source of drinking water supply in Australia and internationally. Monitoring short-term and long-term post-wildfire catchment hydrology (water quantity and quality) change is important for catchment management. Past studies are limited by data availability and method used. In this thesis, we firstly used empirical (linear mixed model and k-mean clustering) and physical-based hydrological model – Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to detect the effect of wildfire on forested catchment hydrology and then built scenarios using physical-based model to investigate the cause of the catchment hydrology change and identify the wildfire sensitive areas in catchments for catchment protection. The case study used here is the 2001/2002 Sydney wildfire, 10 years of pre-wildfire and 10 years of post-wildfire water quantity and quality data were collected by WaterNSW and used in this study. We have successfully used linear mixed model and SWAT to detect the wildfire effect on catchment hydrology in the thesis. As a result, the empirical model observed a long-term (5 - 10 years) post-wildfire water quality change; this change is more considerable during post-wildfire event period. The result from physical-based hydrological models also indicated a long-term change in total suspended sediments concentration during post-wildfire period. In addition to the change detected. Our scenario in physical-based models also observed that post-wildfire soil carbon change has limited effect on catchment hydrology and vegetation change is the main cause of post-wildfire catchment hydrological change. Out models also suggested that sub-catchments with higher slope increases, shorter slope, and smaller soil top layer bulk density, clay, and carbon content, are the most wildfire sensitive areas and should be protected the most.

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16

Al-Galby, Mohamed, and Madani Arezou. "Hardware Root of Trust for Linux Based Edge Gateway." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-18846.

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Linux-based Edge Gateways that connects hundreds or maybe thousands of IoT devices, are exposed to various threats and cyber-attacks from the internet. These attacks form a considerable risk targeting the privacy and confidentiality of IoT devices throughout their gateways. Many researches and studies have been conducted to alleviate such a problem. One of the solutions can be achieved by building a root of trust based on a hardware module such as Trusted Platform Module (TPM) or software like Trusted Execution Environment (TEE). In this work, we provide a solution to the problem by enabling Hardware Root of Trust (HRoT) using TPM on a product from HMS Industrial Network AB known as GWen board, a Linux-based embedded system, used as gateway to connect IoT devices. We describe a method that uses the processor of the GWen (i.e. Zynq-7020 FPGA SoC) to enable secure boot. Besides, we provide a method to enable the TPM chip mounted on the GWen (i.e. SLB 9670 TPM 2.0) using TPM Software Stack TSS 2.0. We demonstrated, in detail, various use-cases using the TPM on GWen including cryptographic keys generation, secure key storage and key usage for different cryptographic operations. Furthermore, we conducted an analysis to the adopted solution by inspecting the latency of TPM commands on the GWen gateway. According to the high restrictions of TPM 2.0 specifications and based on our results, adding the TPM 2.0 to the IoT gateway GWen will enhance the security of its Linux distribution and will makes it possible to securely identify and authenticate the gateway on the network based on its secret keys that are stored securely inside its TPM.

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17

Kamel, Wael. "Adenoviral small non-coding RNAs : A Structural and Functional Charaterization." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-283080.

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Since their discovery in 1953, adenoviruses have significantly contributed to the understanding of virus-host cell interactions, including mechanistic details of cellular processes such as cell cycle control and alternative RNA splicing. Among the first characterized adenoviral genes were the virus-associated RNAs (VA RNAI/II), which are produced in massive amount during a lytic infection. The VA RNAs perform multiple functions and are required for a successful adenovirus life cycle. More recently, it was shown that the VA RNAs are processed into small viral miRNAs, so-called mivaRNAs, which interfere with the function of the cellular RNAi/miRNA machinery. In papers I and II, we focused on a structural and functional characterization of the mivaRNAs using two approaches. Firstly, we created a model system where the predicted miRNA-like function of mivaRNAI could be investigated, without interfering with other VA RNA functions. This was accomplished by construction of recombinant adenoviruses, in which the seed sequence of mivaRNAI was altered. The results showed that in cell culture experiments the mivaRNAI seed sequence mutants grew as the wild type virus, suggesting that the mivaRNAs are not required during the lytic phase of an adenovirus infection. Secondly, we showed that the VA RNAs from different human adenoviruses (Ad4, Ad5, Ad11 and Ad37) undergo the same type of Dicer-dependent processing into mivaRNAs, which subsequently are loaded onto the RNA induced silencing complex (RISC), albeit with different efficiencies. In paper III, we demonstrated that the promoter proximal region of the adenovirus major late promoter (MLP) produces a novel non-canonical class of small RNAs, which we termed the MLP-TSS-sRNAs. Surprisingly the MLP-TSS-sRNA maintains the m7G-cap structure while bound to Ago2 containing RISC. These complexes are functional suppressing expression of target mRNAs with complementary binding site. Most importantly, the MLP-TSS-sRNA limits the efficiency of viral DNA replication probably through a targeting of the E2B mRNAs, which are transcribed in the antisense orientation. In conclusion, the MLP-TSS-sRNA represents the first viral small RNA, which has been shown to have a function as a regulator of an adenovirus infection.

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18

Erlacher, Ruben. "Regression Analysis of Dissolved Heavy Metals in Storm Water Runoff from Elevated Roadways." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2005. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/150.

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This proposed research focused on the prediction and identification of dissolved heavy metals in storm water runoff from elevated roadways. Storm water runoff from highways transports a significant load of contaminants, especially heavy metals and particulate matter, to receiving waters. Heavy metals, either in dissolved or particulatebound phases, are unique in the fact that unlike organic compounds, they are not degraded in the environment. The objective of this research was to develop a mathematical model to relate dissolved heavy metal concentration to different measurable parameters which are easily available and routinely measurable for elevated roadways. The reliability of the developed models was then evaluated by comparing the raw data versus data predicted by the models. The test site for this research was selected at the intersection of the Interstate-10 and Interstate-610, Orleans Parish, New Orleans, Louisiana. Subsequently a research test site was developed and highway storm water runoff was collected. Volumetric flow rates were measured with every collected sample by measuring the amount of collected water and the collection time. Storm water runoff from the examined elevated roadway section was sampled for 10 storm events throughout the course of the study from which hydrologic and water quality data were collected. The measurement of different parameters made it possible to determine the percentage of dissolved heavy metal mass loading and the characterization of high runoff flow intensity and low runoff flow intensity storm events. Another very important achievement in this research was the construction of a predictive model for dissolved heavy metal concentrations based on field measurements. Data analysis proceeded by applying different variable selection statistical methods as well as multiple regression analyses in order to evaluate the simultaneous effects of all variables on the concentration of dissolved heavy metals in storm water runoff. The developed model enables the user to predict dissolved heavy metal concentrations with known field measurements within a prediction interval of 95 % confidence. The reliability of the models was verified by carrying out significant-difference tests for both sets of data, observed and predicted, for a 5% of significance level.

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19

Mattson, Gregory A. II. "Characterization of Dredged Sediment Used in Coastal Restoration and Marsh Creation Projects." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1823.

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To minimize coastal land loss and create new land, dredged sediment has been in use in coastal Louisiana during the last several years. Engineering properties and material characteristics of dredged material are input parameters in several mathematical models used to predict the long-term hydrodynamic behavior of the coast. Therefore, proper characterization of the dredged material is of utmost importance in the correct design of coastal restoration and land creation projects. The sedimentation characteristics of the dredged material, among other factors, depends on the (a) grain size distribution of the dredged material, (b) salinity (fresh, brackish, or saltwater environment) of the composite slurry, and (c) concentration of the solid particles in the slurry. In this research, dredged sediments obtained from actual coastal restoration projects were characterized. Furthermore, the effects of grain size distribution, salinity and solid particle concentration on sedimentation characteristics have been evaluated.

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20

John, Chukwuemeka K., Jaan H. Pu, M. Pandey, and R. Moruzzi. "Impacts of sedimentation on rainwater quality: case study at Ikorodu of Lagos, Nigeria." IWA, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18450.

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Yes
This study investigated the impact of sedimentation on rainwater storage system using a case study at the Ikorodu area of Lagos state, a rural area in Nigeria. In this investigation, the proportions of Escherichia coli (E. coli) that were settleable (due to sedimentation) and those that were at the free phase have been studied. Water samples were collected from different depths in the inspected rainwater storage tank at two different periods (i.e. rainy and dry periods) for 20 days. The samples collected from these periods have been analysed for physical and microbial measures before passing it through the serial filters with pore sizes of 500 μm, 100 μm, 10 μm and 1.5 μm to measure the retained particle mass. From the results, it was observed that: (1) the water quality at the free-phase zone was better than that at the tank’s bottom; (2) the settleable bacteria rapidly sinked to bottom; (3) the correlation of turbidity, E. coli and total suspended solids (TSS) for all the rain events showed a relatively high Pearson’s coefficient of 0.9 to one another; and (4) over 70% of settling TSS occurred within first 36 hours. Finally, it has been found that the physical sedimentation process can significantly reduce the microbial measures.

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21

FRANCAVILLA, MARCELLA. "Geni modificatori della Beta talassemia e sviluppo di un algoritmo per la predizione della severità clinica." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266611.

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Introduction Many genetic factors influence Beta Thalassemia severity, recessive autosomal disorder with a highly variable phenotype, beyond mutations in the causative Beta-globin gene (chr 11). These factors are Alpha-globin genes defects and Fetal Hemoglobin modulators (HBG2:g.- 158C>T polymorphism, HBS1L-MYB intergenic region and the BCL11A gene). Metods In this work we studied an International cohort of 890 Beta Thalassemic patients to build a predictive severity model of the pathology. In order to achieve this goal we characterized 54 genetic variants at these loci robustly associated with the amelioration of Beta Thalassemia phenotype. Subsequently we assessed, using Cox proportional hazard analysis on a training set, the effect of these loci on the age at which patients start regular transfusions. Finally we built a Thalassemia Severity Score and validated it on a testing set. Results Discriminatory power of the model was high (C-index=0.705; R2=0.343) and the validation conducted on the testing set confirmed its predictive accuracy with transfusion free survival probability (p<0.001) and with transfusion dependency status (Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve=0.774, <0.001). Finally, an automatized online calculation of the score was made available at http://tss.unica.it. Besides the accurate assessment of genetic predictors effect, the presented results could be helpful in the management of patients, both as a predictive score for screening and a standardized scale of severity to overcome the major-intermedia dichotomy and suport clinical decisions

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22

Kreslavskiy, Dmitry Michael. "Lorentz Lattice Gases on Graphs." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6423.

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The present work consists of three parts. In the first part (chapters III and IV), the dynamics of Lorentz lattice gases (LLG) on graphs is analyzed. We study the fixed scatterer model on finite graphs. A tight bound is established on the size of the orbit for arbitrary graphs, and the model is shown to perform a depth-first search on trees. Rigidity models on trees are also considered, and the size of the resulting orbit is established. In the second part (chapter V), we give a complete description of dynamics for LLG on the one-dimensional integer lattice, with a particular interest in showing that these models are not capable of universal computation. Some statistical properties of these models are also analyzed. In the third part (chapter VI) we attempt to partition a pool of workers into teams that will function as independent TSS lines. Such partitioning may be aimed to make sure that all groups work at approximately the same rate. Alternatively, we may seek to maximize the rate of convergence of the corresponding dynamical systems to their fixed points with optimal production at the fastest rate. The first problem is shown to be NP-hard. For the second problem, a solution for splitting into pairs is given, and it is also shown that this solution is not valid for partitioning into teams composed of more than two workers.

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Dembelé, Abel. "MES, DCO et polluants prioritaires des rejets urbains de temps de pluie : mesure et modélisation des flux événementiels." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAL0091.

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Les rejets urbains de temps de pluie (RUTP) constituent un vecteur significatif de polluants vers les aquifères souterrains et de surface. Au delà des polluants classiques (MES, DCO, etc. ) déjà largement étudiés depuis plusieurs décennies, d’autres polluants considérés comme dangereux dont les polluants prioritaires de la Directive Cadre Européenne sur l’Eau (DCE 2000/60/CE) sont de plus en plus souvent mesurés dans les RUTP. Leurs concentrations et leur dynamique sont encore assez mal connues. L’atteinte des objectifs de la DCE nécessite l’évaluation et la réduction des RUTP. La mesure systématique des RUTP n’est pas possible à ce jour en raison des difficultés techniques et des coûts élevés des campagnes d’échantillonnage et d’analyses chimiques. Il est donc nécessaire de disposer des modèles performants, établis à partir des données expérimentales, pour la prédiction des flux polluants des RUTP. En tant que partie du projet ESPRIT dont l’objective est de contribuer à l’identification, l’évaluation et la caractérisation des 41 polluants prioritaires de la DCE transportés par les RUTP, les objectifs de notre étude consiste à : i) quantifier les flux polluants des RUTP à l’échelle événementielle, ii) constituer une base de données de connaissances de ces polluants et iii) établir des modèles (statistiques, empiriques et conceptuels) prédictifs de concentrations moyennes événementielles EMCs et de flux événementiels EFs. Des outils simples sont proposés pour la mesure et la modélisation des flux polluants des RUTP dans un cadre opérationnel. Une première stratégie d’évaluation de l’impact et de la contribution des RUTP sur un cours d’eau est proposée. MES, DCO, 25 métaux et la plupart des polluants organiques prioritaires ont été mesurés séparément dans les fractions dissoutes et particulaires d’une centaine de types d’échantillons différents à Chassieu (zone industrielle, réseau séparatif) et Ecully (zone résidentielle, réseau unitaire) : les retombées atmosphériques sèches, les eaux météoriques, les rejets de temps sec et les RUTP. Différents modèles de régression, un modèle empirique et trois modèles conceptuels ont été évalués avec trois algorithmes de calage différents pour la prédiction des EMCs et EFs de chaque polluant. Les résultats montrent que ces polluants sont présents dans ces différents échantillons et que leurs flux dans les fractions dissoute et particulaire sont très variables suivant le site et l’événement pluvieux. Des modèles performants ont été obtenus pour la plupart des polluants étudiés. Cependant, il apparaît que les performances des modèles de EFs sont plus élevées que celles des modèles de EMCs. Les modèles de régression varient suivant le site et le polluant
Urban stormwater constitutes a significant vector of pollutants towards groundwater and surface water. Beyond the traditional pollutants (TSS, COD, etc. ) already largely studied over several decades, other pollutants considered as dangerous as the priority pollutants of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD, 2000/60/CE) are often regularly measured in urban stormwater. Neither their mean concentrations nor their pathways are rather well understood. The success of the WFD requires the evaluation and the reduction of stormwater pollutants. Due to the technical difficulties and the associated costs of sampling and chemical analysis, a systematic measurement of stormwater seems practically impossible. Thus, it is necessary to obtain suitable models established with experimental data for the prediction of stormwater pollutant loads. As a part of the ESPRIT collaborative project which aims to contribute to the identification, evaluation and characterisation of the 41 WFD priority pollutants transported by stormwater, the objectives of our study are i) to quantify at the event scale the stormwater pollutant loads ii) to constitute a first database of the knowledge of these pollutants and iii) to develop predictive models (statistical, empirical and conceptual) of the pollutant event mean concentrations EMCs and event fluxes EFs. Simple tools are proposed to contribute to the measurement and modelling of stormwater pollutants loads in practice. Moreover, a first strategy is proposed for the evaluation of both the impact and the contribution of the stormwater on receiving waters. TSS, COD, 25 metals and most of the organic priority pollutants are been measured separately in both the dissolved and particulate fractions of approximately one hundred different samples collected in Chassieu (industrial area, separate sewer) and Ecully (residential area, combined sewer), made up of four sample types: dry atmospheric depositions, rainwater, wastewater and stormwater. Different regression models, one empirical model and three conceptual models for the prediction of EMCs and EFs of every pollutant have been evaluated using three different calibration algorithms. The results show that these pollutants are present in the different samples and that their fluxes in the dissolved and particulate and total fractions vary more or less strongly according to both the site and the rain event. Satisfactory models have been obtained for the prediction of EMCs and EFs of most of the studied pollutants. However, it appears that the performances of EFs models are higher than that of EMCs models. Regression models vary according to both the pollutant and the site

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Al-Tarawnah, Ahmad M. "Evaluation of an Exfiltration Trench for Treatment of Highway Storm Water Runoff." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1367496414.

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25

Öjerteg, Theo. "Design and implementation of test a tool for the GSM traffic channel." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1240.

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Todays’ systems for telecommunication are getting more and more complex. Automatic testing is required to guarantee quality of the systems produced. An actual example is the introduction of GPRS traffic in the GSM network nodes. This thesis investigates the need and demands for such an automatic testing of the traffic channels in the GSM system. A solution intended to be a part of the Ericsson TSS is proposed. One problem to be solved is that today’s tools for testing do not support testing of speech channels with the speech transcoder unit installed. As part of the investigation, a speech codec is implemented for execution on current hardware used in the test platform. The selected speech codec is the enhanced full rate codec, generating a bitstream of 12.2 kbit/s, and gives a good trade-off between compression and speech quality. The report covers the design of the test tool and the implementation of speech codec. Particularly performance problems in the implementation of the encoder will be addressed.

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26

Hummel, Adelaide Pereira. "Field Development and Performance Evaluation of a Constructed Wetland System in the Tropics." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1218.

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This study is part of a project that was conducted by Florida International University (FIU), which designed, built, and characterized a constructed wetland (CW) wastewater treatment system in El Salvador, Central America. This study focuses on the detailed performance of a field-scale CW in the tropics, consisting of a subsurface flow wetland (SSF) and a surface flow wetland (SF). The SSF had a total area of 151.2 sq. m., filled with gravel and planted with Phragmites, Thalia, and Brachiaria, along three independent cells operating with a flow in parallel and receiving the influent domestic wastewater from a facultative lagoon and preceded the SF. The SF was a shallow open basin containing alternating regions of open water (195 sq. m. total) with submerged aquatic plants (Elodea) and regions of shallower water (605 sq. m. total) filled with emergent wetland vegetation (Typha, Thalia, and Cyperus). The design, construction, startup and operation phases of the field scale CW in that tropical setting are thus described with detail, including both SSF and SF characterization of influent and effluents. The SSF average hydraulic detention times during the wet and dry season were 2 days ± 0.9 days and 4 days ± 0.4 days, respectively; and the SF average hydraulic detention times during the wet and dry season were 20 days ± 11.1 days and 77 days ± 19.5 days, respectively. Brachiaria/Cyperus presented better results during the wet season with average BOD5 residuals of 36% ± 25%, and Thalia/Thalia during the dry season with average BOD5 residuals of 33% ± 22%. Phragmites/Typha presented better results during both seasons with average TSS residuals of 2% ± 3% (wet season), and 2% ± 2% (dry season). Residuals are also presented for COD, Oil & Grease, Total Fecal Coliform, Total Phosphorus, and Total Nitrogen. In addition, an assessment of the empirical models used in the design of the system is completed, having the EPA methodology as the preferred for BOD5 removal and three methodologies for TSS removal under tropical climate conditions. A comparison of the differences in treatment associated with each one of the selected plants and their combinations is also discussed. In summary, results strongly suggest that the CW system can effectively reduce contaminants in wastewater to levels that are comparable with the objective levels (i.e., secondary treatment levels).

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Rintsch, Eileen Tabata. "Effects of a forested state park on stream dissolved organic carbon and total suspended solid concentrations in an agriculturally dominated watershed in SW Ohio." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1626962623587062.

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28

Melo, Letícia Nolde. "Perfil de comportamento de risco para HIV/DST em homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH) a partir do uso da técnica de amostragem Time Space Sampling (TSS), Porto Alegre, 2006." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/26124.

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A epidemia de HIV/AIDS demonstra evidente tendência de acometimento proporcional crescente de mulheres e homens heterossexuais. Entretanto, a transmissão entre indivíduos de populações de difícil acesso, como é o caso dos Homens que fazem Sexo com Homens (HSH), permanece alta, representando aproximadamente 25% dos casos notificados de Aids no ano de 2005 no Brasil. Pela dificuldade de atingir essa população específica, usualmente os pesquisadores optam por utilizar pesquisas não aleatórias ou de conveniência. Sendo assim, realizamos um estudo transversal, optando pela utilização da metodologia Time Space Sampling, inovadora no Brasil, por tratar-se de uma amostragem aleatória, baseada em locais de freqüência ou concentração da população de interesse que é posteriormente tratada como conglomerado. Buscamos nesse estudo, traçar um perfil de comportamento de risco para contaminação entre os HSH, além de estimar a prevalência de HIV através de auto-relato, descrever a população por componentes sócio-demográficos e comportamentais e verificar a aceitabilidade da testagem rápida para o HIV. O desfecho analisado foi o resultado sorológico para o HIV dado por cada entrevistado, considerando-se como resposta os resultados: HIV positivo, negativo e desconhecido (nunca fez teste ou não sabe o resultado). A amostra final do estudo foi de 718 homens com idade igual ou superior a 16 anos, freqüentadores de “locais HSH” em Porto Alegre (danceterias, saunas, vídeo-locadoras, bares, etc.), que referiram ter tido relação sexual com outro homem ou identificaram a si mesmos como homossexuais, bissexuais ou travestis. Após a ponderação amostral a amostra padronizada ficou constituída como se fosse de 650 HSH e todas as análises foram realizadas com esse tamanho de amostra padronizada. Os entrevistados responderam sobre conhecimentos acerca do HIV/Aids e práticas sexuais, referindo ainda sobre seus últimos cinco parceiros mais freqüentes nos últimos seis meses. A testagem para HIV já havia sido realizada por 77,5% (n=504) dos entrevistados, sendo que destes que realizaram a testagem a prevalência dos que não sabiam o resultado da sorologia por não terem ido buscá-lo ou pelo resultado ainda não estar disponível foi de 2,4% (n=12). A prevalência de HIV-positivo entre os HSH que conheciam a própria sorologia (n=492) foi de 4,1%. Ao considerar o total de HSH (N=650), a sorologia desconhecida (considerando o somatório daqueles que nunca realizaram a testagem ou realizaram a testagem, porém desconheciam o resultado) foi de 24,3% (n=158). As características sócio-demográficas e o perfil de comportamento de risco encontrado (considerando as prevalências dos HIV-positivos apenas entre os HSH que conheciam a própria sorologia), foram o de HSH com faixa-etária acima dos 40 anos (8,23%); casados (37,5%); com nível de escolaridade até o ensino médio (5,05%); que se auto-referem na orientação sexual como heterossexuais (18,18%), seguidos pelos que se consideram como travestis (11,11%); tiveram história de DST no passado (10,45%); realizaram maior número de testagem para o HIV (7,69%); e tiveram sexo anal desprotegido com parceiro casual (8,51%) e com parceiro fixo (5,78%). A aceitabilidade da testagem rápida para HIV foi de 87% entre os HSH. As características de raça negra (9,38%) e classe econômica baixa (classes D/E) (20%) comumente apresentados entre os fatores de risco para HIV, apesar de obterem uma maior prevalência, não apresentaram significância estatística (p=0,7456 e p=0,1121 respectivamente), considerando-se assim que esses não são fatores relevantes e associados a transmissão do HIV. Após a realização da análise multivariável por regressão logística o Sexo Anal Desprotegido (SAD), tanto com parceiros fixos como casuais, foram as únicas variáveis que se mantiveram como fator de risco independentes para HIV-positivo. O SAD com parceiro fixo obteve um OR=9,87 - IC95% (3,98 – 24,47); o SAD com parceiro casual obteve um OR=6,10 – IC95% (2,98 – 12,47). Os resultados sugerem que a recomendação do governo brasileiro para o uso de preservativo constante em todas as relações sexuais, como estratégia para prevenção da transmissão do HIV, pode ser considerada a mais acertada até o momento. O conhecimento sobre a própria sorologia (e fica a sugestão de que esta possa ser realizada através da testagem rápida para HIV, pela rapidez e facilidade da obtenção dos resultados) e a discussão dessa condição sorológica com os parceiros, podem ser estratégias alternativas para auxiliar no controle da epidemia. Além disso, seguem como recomendações para os programas de prevenção, a promoção de campanhas para o uso de preservativos entre os homens casados e o incentivo a testagem para o HIV mais especificamente entre os HSH.
The epidemiology of HIV/AIDS demonstrates an increase to the proportional involvement of heterosexual men and women. However, transmission between individuals of hard to reach populations, such as men who have sex with men (MSM) remains high, representing approximately 25% of AIDS cases reported in 2005 in Brazil. Because of the difficulty found in the access to this specific population, researchers usually choose to use not random or convenience methodology. Therefore, we carried out a cross-sectional study using the Space Time Sampling methodology, very innovative in Brazil, because it is a random sampling based on local frequency or concentration of the population of interest, which is then treated as a conglomerate. In this study, we wanted to delineate a profile of risk behavior for infection among MSM, estimate the prevalence of HIV through self-report, describe the socio-demographic population and behavioral components, and verify the acceptability of rapid testing for HIV. We analyzed serological results for HIV given by each respondent, considering as response the results HIV positive, negative and unknown (individuals who have never been tested or who do not know the result). The final study sample was composed of 718 men, over 16 years old, attending "MSM places" in Porto Alegre (dance clubs, saunas, video rental stores, bars, etc), who reported having had sexual intercourse with another man or who identified themselves as homosexual, bisexual or transvestite. After weighting the sample, the final standardized sample was made up with 650 MSM and all the analysis were conducted with this standardized sample size. The respondents were questioned about their knowledge on HIV/AIDS and sexual practices; they also should mention their last five more frequent partners in the last six months. The HIV testing had been performed by 77.5% (n = 504) of the respondents. From them, 2.4% (n = 12) did not know the serology result because they have not get it or because the result was not available yet. The prevalence of HIV-positive among MSM who knew their own serology (n = 492) was of 4.1%. When considering the total number of MSM (n = 650), unknown serology (considering the sum of those who had never take the test or had take the test but did not know the result) was of 24.3% (n = 158). The socio-demographic characteristics and profile of risk behavior found (only considering the prevalence of HIV-positive among MSM who knew their own serology) were: MSM with the mean age above 40 years (8.23%); married (37.5%); high school level of schooling (5.05%); self-reported heterosexual (18.18%), followed by those who consider themselves transvestites (11.11%); had history of sexual transmitted infection (STI) in the past (10.45%); underwent HIV testing more times (7.69%); and had unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) with casual partners (8.51%) and with steady partner (5.78%). The acceptability of rapid HIV testing was of 87% among the MSM. Characteristics such as being black (9.38%) and coming from a low socioeconomic class (class D/E) (20%) were commonly related as risk factors for HIV. Although obtaining a higher prevalence, they were not statistically significant (p = 0.7456 and p = 0.1121, respectively), and so were not consider to be relevant factors associated with HIV transmission. After the completion of the multivariable logistic regression analysis, the UAI with casual or steady partners was the variable that remained an independent risk factor for HIV-positive. The UAI with a steady partner obtained an OR = 9.87 - IC95% (3.98-24.47); the UAI with a casual partner obtained OR = 6.10 - IC95% (2.98-12.47). The results suggest that the recommendation of the Brazilian government for the use of condoms in all sexual relations as a strategy for HIV prevention can be considered the most adequate so far. The knowledge about their on serology (and here comes the suggestion that this may be accomplished by the rapid HIV testing, because of the speed and ease in obtaining results) and the discussion of HIV status with partners may be alternative strategies for helping in the control of this epidemic. In addition, the results can be used as recommendations for prevention programs, promotion of campaigns for condom use among married men and for the encouragement for testing HIV, specifically among MSM.

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Mwangi, Sarah Wambui. "In silico investigation of glossina morsitans promoters." University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3990.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
Tsetse flies (Glossina spp) are the biological vectors for Trypanosomes, the causative magents of Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT). HAT is a debilitating disease that continues to present a major public health problem and a key factor limiting rural development in vast regions of tropical Africa. To augment vector control efforts, the International Glossina Genome Initiative (IGGI) was established in 2004 with the ultimate goal of generating a fully annotated whole genome sequence for Glossina morsitans. A working draft genome of Glossina morsitans was availed in 2011. In this thesis, transcriptional regulatory features in Glossina morsitans were analysed using the draft genome. A method for TSS identification in the newly sequenced Glossina morsitans genome was developed using TSS-seq tags sampled from two developmental stages of Glossina morsitans. High throughput next generation sequencing reads obtained from Glossina morsitans larvae and pupae were used to locate transcription start sites (TSS) in the Glossina morsitans genome. TSS-seq tag clusters, defined as a minimum number of reads at the 5’ predicted UTR or first coding exon, were used to define transcription start sites. A total of 3134 tag clusters were identified on the Glossina genome. Approximately 45.4% (1424) of the tag clusters mapped to the first coding exons or their proximal predicted 5’UTR regions and include 31 tag clusters that mapped to transposons. A total of 1101 (35.1%) tag clusters mapped outside the genic region and/or scaffolds without gene predictions and may correspond to previously un-annotated transcripts or noncoding RNA TSS. The core promoter regions were classified as narrow or broad based on the number of TSS positions within a TSS-seq cluster. Majority (95%) of the core promoters analysed in this study were of the broad type while only 5% were of the narrow type. Comparison of canonical core promoter motif occurences between random and bona fide core promoters showed that, generally, the number of motifs in biologically functional genomic windows in the true dataset exceeded those in the random dataset (p <= 0.00164, 0.00135, 0.00185 for the narrow, broad with peak and broad without peak categories respectively). Frequency of motif co-occurrence in core promoter was found to be fundamentally different across various initiation patterns. Narrow core promoters recorded higher frequency of the TATA-box and INR motifs and two-way motif co-occurrence showed that the TATA-box-INR pair is over-represented in the narrow category. Broad core promoters showed higher frequency of the BREd and MTE motifs and two-way motif co-occurrence showed that the MTE-DPE pair is over-represented in broad core promoters. TATA-less promoters account for 77% of the core promoters in this analysis. TATA-less core promoters showed a higher frequency of the MTE and INR motifs in contrast to observations in Drosophila where the DPE motif has been reported to occur frequently in TATA-less promoters. These motif combinations suggest their equal importance to transcription in their corresponding promoter classes in Glossina morsitans.

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Cremonez, Caroline Marroni. "Isolamento e caracterização estrutural e funcional de neurotoxinas presentes nas frações XIIA e XIIB da peçonha do escorpião Tityus serrulatus." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60134/tde-29072015-113958/.

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O escorpião amarelo Tityus serrulatus (Ts) é considerado a espécie mais perigosa do Brasil, e muitas das toxinas de sua peçonha já foram isoladas e caracterizadas. No entanto, as frações XIIA e XIIB, obtidas da cromatografia de troca iônica da peçonha de Ts, possuem várias toxinas de baixa massa molecular ainda não caracterizadas. Através da combinação de técnicas de RP-FPLC em colunas C8 e C18, espectrometria de massas e/ou sequenciamento amino-terminal, foi possível isolar e identificar os componentes destas frações, bem como realizar as caracterizações estrutural, por RMN, e eletrofisiológica, por Two Microelectrode Voltage Clamp, de algumas neurotoxinas isoladas. Foram escolhidas três toxinas de interesse: Ts11, Ts9 e Ts1-G. Nossos resultados mostram que a Ts11 foi capaz de bloquear canais para potássio dependentes de voltagem (Kv): Kv1.2, Kv1.3, Kv4.2, Kv10.1, hERG, e Shaker IR, bloqueando em 25%, 27%, 25%, 15%, 12%, e 10% as correntes de potássio, respectivamente. A Ts11 possui uma estrutura única (estrutura obtida por RMN): ICK scaffold sem os elementos de estrutura secundária (alfa-hélice ou fita-beta). Esta estrutura diferenciada, somada à atividade biológica caracterizada neste estudo, evidencia uma nova subfamília de KTxs, a qual foi denominada como ?-KTx, sendo a Ts11 o primeiro membro desta subfamília: ?-KTx1.1. A caracterização funcional da Ts9 mostra que a mesma não apresenta atividade bloqueadora sobre os canais Kv testados (Kv1.1; Kv1.2; Kv1.3; Kv1.4; Kv1.5; Kv1.6; Kv2.1; Kv3.1; Kv4.2; Kv7.2; Kv10.1 hERG e Shaker IR), na concentração de 100 nM. Apesar da Ts9 não ter bloqueado os canais testados, ela apresenta estrutura e resíduoschave que sugerem sua ação em Kvs e estudo anteriormente publicado mostra que ela é um potente ligante de canais para potássio ativados por cálcio de baixa condutância (SK). Também foi conduzido um estudo comparativo entre a Ts1e sua isoforma precursora Ts1-G nos canais para sódio dependentes de voltagem Nav1.1 - 1.8 e DmNav1, a fim de analisar a importância da amidação C-terminal. A Ts1 madura possui região C-terminal amidada, enquanto que sua isoforma Ts1-G não é amidada, pois apresenta uma Gly na região Cterminal (última etapa de transformação pós-traducional, anterior a ação da enzima ?- amidante). A Ts1-G não apresentou ação nos canais (Nav) na concentração testada (100 nM), enquanto que a Ts1 (100 nM) age como ?- toxina, reduzindo o limiar de excitação dos canais Nav e/ou reduzindo as correntes de sódio, evidenciando que a amidação C-terminal é importante para a atividade biológica da toxina madura. Adicionalmente, nas análises por MALDI/TOF das frações XIIA e XIIB, foram encontrados 45 componentes cujas massas moleculares não correspondem a de toxinas já isoladas, abrindo perspectivas para a identificação de moléculas com potencial uso biotecnológico, visto que toxinas com ação em canais iônicos podem ser ferramentas valiosas para a elucidação das características farmacológicas, fisiológicas e estruturais dos seus alvos.
The yellow scorpion Tityus serrulatus (Ts) is considered the most dangerous species of Brazil, and several toxins present in its venom have been already isolated and characterized. However, fractions XIIA and XIIB obtained from ion exchange chromatography of Ts crude venom, presented many low molecular weight toxins which have not been characterized yet. Through a combination of RP-FPLC technique using C8 and C18 columns, mass spectrometry and / or amino terminal sequencing, it was possible to isolate and identify the components of these fractions, as well as perform structural characterization thru NMR and electrophysiological characterization using Two Microelectrode Voltage Clamp, of some of the neurotoxins isolated. It was choosen three toxins of interest: Ts11, Ts9 and Ts1-G. Our results show that Ts11 was able to block voltage gated potassium channels (Kv): Kv1.2, Kv1.3, Kv4.2, Kv10.1, hERG, and Shaker IR, blocking 25%, 27%, 25% 15%, 12% and 10% of the potassium currents, respectively. Ts11 has an unique structure (structure obtained thru NRM technique): ICK scaffold without the elements of secondary structure (alpha helix or beta-sheet). Additionaly, the differentiated structure and functional characterization, Ts11 shows us an evidence of a new subfamily of toxins, which was named as ?-KTX, and therefore, Ts11 is the first member of this subfamily: ?-KTx1.1. The functional characterization of Ts9 shows that it has no blocking activity on the tested Kv channels (Kv1.1, Kv1.2, Kv1.3, Kv1.4, Kv1.5, Kv1.6, Kv2.1, Kv3.1 , Kv4.2, Kv7.2, Kv10.1, hERG and Shaker IR) at a concentration of 100 nM. Despite the Ts9 have not blocked the tested channels, it presents structure and key-amino acid residues that suggest its action on Kvs and previously published study shows that it is a potent ligant for slow conductance calciumactivated potassium channels (SK). It was also conducted a comparative electrophysiological study between the Ts1and its precursor isoform Ts1-G on voltage gated sodium channels, in order to evaluate the importance of the C-terminal amidation. The mature Ts1 has amidated C-terminal region, whereas Ts1-G isoform is not amidated, and therefore has a Gly at the Cterminal region (last step of post-translational modification, before the action of the enzyme ?-amidante). The Ts1-G showed no action on Nav channels at the concentration tested (100 nM), whereas Ts1 (100 nM) acts as ?-toxin, lowering the excitation threshold of Nav channels and/or reducing sodium currents, evidencing that the C-terminal amidation is important for the biological activity of the mature toxin. Additionally, the analyses by MALDI/TOF of the fractions XIIA and XIIB showed several molecules whose molar masses do not match the toxins already identified, opening prospects for the identification of new molecules with potential biotechnological use, considering that toxins that act on ion channels can be valuable tools for the elucidation of pharmacological, physiological and structural characteristics of their targets.

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Duprey, Alexandre. "Régulation de la transcription des gènes de virulence bactériens : dynamique des complexes nucléoprotéïques." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1201/document.

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Les bactéries sont en permanence confrontées à des changements d'environnements. La régulation transcriptionnelle joue alors un rôle majeur dans l'adaptation des bactéries. En particulier, la bactérie phytopathogène D. dadantii s'est récemment adaptée à l'hôte végétal. Elle produit en particulier des pectate lyases (Pel) qui dégradent la pectine, ciment des parois végétales, et jouent un rôle majeur dans le développement de la maladie. Les gènes pelD et pelE, malgré la forte divergence dans leur expression, sont issus d'un transfert horizontal suivi d'une duplication récente. La question de l'intégration de ces gènes avec les régulations préexistantes s'est alors posée.Dans un premier temps, les mécanismes moléculaires détaillés de la régulation de pelD ont été étudiés. Il a été montré que cette régulation s'appuie sur un promoteur divergent de forte affinité pour l'ARN polymérase mais de faible efficacité pour la transcription et sur un arrangement stratégique de quatre sites de fixation de répresseur FIS et deux sites de l'activateur CRP. Tous ces éléments interagissent entre eux pour produire une régulation fine de l'expression de pelD. L'origine de la divergence régulatrice entre les paralogues pelD et pelE a par la suite été explorée. De manière surprenante, la divergence entre ces deux gènes et leur sélection s'appuie presque exclusivement sur un décalage de la position du promoteur de pelE (« TSS turnover ») qui l'a transformé en initiateur de la dégradation de la pectine. Ce mécanisme très fréquent chez les eucaryotes pluricellulaires (homme, drosophile, souris…) n'avait jamais encore été décrit chez les bactéries.A travers l'étude des promoteurs pelD et pelE de D. dadantii, de nouveaux mécanismes renforçant l'importance de la régulation transcriptionnelle dans les processus adaptatifs ont ainsi été découverts
Bacteria face frequent environmental changes. Transcriptional regulation plays a major role in the adaptation to these changes. In particular, the phytopathogen bacteria Dickeya have recently adapted to vegetal hosts. They produce Pecate lyases (Pel), among others, to degrade pectin in plant cell walls, which is necessary for disease development. The pelD and pelE genes, despite the strong divergence in their expression, originate from a horizontal gene transfer followed by a recent duplication. This raises the question of their integration into the preexisting regulatory networks.Detailed molecular mechanisms of the transcriptional regulation of pelD were studied first. It was shown that this regulation relies on a high-affinity but low transcription efficiency divergent promoter and a strategic arrangement of four FIS repressor binding sites and two CRP activator binding sites. These elements interact together to fine-tune the expression of pelD. Next, the origin of the regulatory divergence between the paralogous genes pelD and pelE was explored. Surprisingly, their divergence and selection relies mostly on a TSS turnover which happened on the pelE regulatory region and transformed pelE into an initiator of pectin degradation. This widespread phenomenon in multicellular eukaryotes (human, fly, mouse…) had not yet been seen in bacteria. To conclude, through the study of D. dadantii pelD and pelE promoters, new mechanisms highlighting the relevance of transcriptional regulation in adaptation were discovered in this work

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Mabiletja, Rasekele Selina. "Tsweletso ya tlaiso ya banna dipapading tse di hlaotswego tsa Sesotho sa Lebowa." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1133.

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Thesis (M.A.) --University of Limpopo, 2013
As the topic states, the research is about the abuse of men in the society (Northern Sotho society in particular). Men, like women and children, are also abused, but unlike in the case of women and children, this abuse is not taken seriously. In most of the cases, this abuse is not reported. It is the aim of this study to scrutinize man abuse as depicted in the following Northern Sotho novels: Nonyana ya tokologo (Kekana, 1985), Ke nako ya ka (Molefe, 2001) and Ngwana Magana go botšwa (Motloutsi, 2004).

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Muppalaneni, Nitin. "Adaptive Hierarchial RAID." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/50.

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Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks or RAID is a popular method of improving the reliability and performance of disk storage. Of various levels of RAID, mirrored or RAID1 and rotating parity or RAID5 configurations have become moat popular. Mirrored or RAID1 provides best overall performance and is easier to configure, but has 100 percent storage overhead for the redundancy. Rotating parity or RAID5, on the other hand, is quite inexpensive for the redundancy it provides, shorn impressive performance for reads and full-stripe writes in normal mode, but the small write performance is poor due to the read-modify-write cycle involved. The performance drops drastically when one of the disks fails and the system enters degraded mode. Also RAID5 is relatively difficult to configure. Typical non-scientific system disk access patterns exhibit very high locality of reference. This thesis presents the design and implementation of an Adaptive Hierarchical RAID array to exploit this high locality. Frequently accessed data is migrated towards the top of the hierarchy and not so frequently acee88ed data is moved down the hierarchy, thus adaptively rearranging itself to the access patterns. Previous work on Adaptive Hierarchical RAID such as HP AutoRAID has explored one part of the design space, namely design of configurable storage at the SGSI level with no interaction with higher level layers like volume manager. This thesis explores a different design point: namely, one that is centered at the volume manager layer. This is important also for the reason that with fibre channel disks and SCSI-3, Storage Area Networks (SAN) no longer need a conventional controller but a modified version of a controller that is more close to a volume manager.

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Hannouche, Ali. "Analyse du transport solide en réseau d’assainissement unitaire par temps de pluie : exploitation de données acquises par les observatoires français en hydrologie urbaine." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1134/document.

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Cette thèse valorise les données de mesure en continu de pluie de débit et de turbidité, ainsi que les bases de donnée de résultat d'analyse et les connaissances acquises dans le cadre des trois observatoires français en hydrologie urbaine, OPUR-Paris, OTHU-Lyon et ONEVU Nantes, pour valider et améliorer les connaissances sur les flux et les sources de particules vectrices de contaminants, en réseaux d'assainissement unitaire. Les données provenant de 6 sites expérimentaux drainés par un réseau d'assainissement unitaire ont été exploitées : Marais, Quais et Clichy à Paris, Cordon Bleu et Saint-Mihiel à Nantes et Écully à Lyon, avec sur chaque site des bases de données de longue durée qui ont permis des études statistiques sur des échantillons de plusieurs dizaines d'événements pluvieux et de journées de temps sec. Cette thèse a permis : 1- d'évaluer la représentativité de la turbidité pour analyser du transport solide en réseau ; 2- d'analyser et de modéliser statistiquement les concentrations et les masses de particules à l'échelle événementielle ; 3- d'étudier la dynamique des flux et des concentrations à l'échelle intra-événementielle. Les résultats obtenus indiquent d'une part, que la turbidité permet de décrire les dynamiques intra-événementielles des flux et des concentrations à condition d'exprimer ceux-ci sous forme relative, normalisée par les valeurs moyennes événementielles. En revanche, ces valeurs événementielles sont attachées par des erreurs systématiques non négligeables induites par les variations inter-événementielles de la relation MES-Turbidité (intervalle de confiance de l'ordre de 30% de la moyenne). Ils confirment d'autre part que la contribution des dépôts aux flux de temps de pluie est importante mais variable (entre 20 et 80% de la masse à l'exutoire selon l'événement), y compris sur un site réputé exempt de dépôts (grossiers). Autrement dit, les problématiques d'ensablement et de pollution de temps de pluie ne sont pas nécessairement liées. L'autre contribution majeure est celle des eaux usées « de temps sec ». De plus, ils nous ont permis de progresser dans la compréhension des phénomènes de décalage temporel entre hydrogramme et pollutogramme et d'effet piston
This thesis exploits continuous measurement of rainfall, discharge and turbidity data and the knowledge acquired by three French observatories in urban hydrology, OPUR-Paris, OTHU Lyon and ONEVU-Nantes, to validate and improve knowledge on suspended solids discharges and sources of particles, which are major vectors of contaminants in combined sewer systems. Data from six experimental sites served by a combined sewer system were used: Marais, Quais and Clichy in Paris, Cordon Bleu and Saint-Mihiel in Nantes and Ecully in Lyon. At each site, a long duration databases enabled statistical studies on samples of several tens of rainfall events and dry weather days. This thesis allowed: 1-to assess the representativeness of turbidity to analyze sediments transport in network; 2-to analyze and model concentrations and masses of particles at the scale of rain events; 3-to study the dynamics of fluxes and concentrations at intra-event scale. Results show that turbidity can describe the dynamics of intra-event fluxes and concentrations provided these are expressed in a relative form, normalized by the event mean values. However, these mean values are attached by significant systematic errors induced by variations of the inter-event TSS-turbidity relationship (95% confidence interval about 30% of average). The contribution of sewer deposits to wet weather suspended solids discharges is important but variable (between 20 and 80% of the mass at the outlet depending on the event), including for a site allegedly free of (coarse) sewer deposits. In other words, the problems of silting and contribution from deposits to wet weather pollution are not necessarily related. The other major contribution is from “dry weather” wastewater. In addition, they we made some progress in understanding the lag-time phenomena between hydrograph and pollutograph and the piston effect

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Jansson, Rebecka. "ERIKSBERGSGÅRDEN’S EATING DISORDER TREATMENT UNIT: PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS AND TREATMENT OUTCOME." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-68114.

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Introduction: Eating disorders are serious psychiatric disorders that often require specialized care. Associated psychiatric comorbidity is frequent, with the most common comorbid conditions being anxiety and mood disorders. Eriksbergsgården in Örebro is one of Sweden’s specialized eating disorder treatment units.Aim: Primary aims were to describe clinical characteristics of the adult patient group at Eriksbergsgården and to evaluate treatment outcome and patient satisfaction at the one-year follow-up. An additional aim was to examine if factors such as psychiatric comorbidity affected treatment outcome.Methods: This study used data from Riksät and Stepwise, two large-scale Swedish registers for eating disorder treatment. Data for this study was registered into Stepwise and Riksät at Eriksbergsgården between August 2010 and December 2017 and 489 adult patients of both genders constituted the study group. Patient characteristics and DSM-IV axis I psychiatric comorbidity were assessed at the initial evaluation. At the one-year follow-up, treatment outcome and patient satisfaction were evaluated.Results: The most common diagnoses in this patient material were eating disorder not otherwise specified, 56.6 %, followed by bulimia nervosa, 26.4 %. At the initial evaluation, 62.0 % of the patients suffered from psychiatric comorbidity. Of the patients with initial comorbidity, 43.3 % were recovered at the one-year follow-up, compared to 62.8 % of the patients with no initial comorbidity, p=0.021.Conclusion: Our results confirm the previously known fact that psychiatric comorbidity among eating disorder patients is common. Also, the results identify psychiatric comorbidity as a possible factor to have negative effect on the treatment outcome.

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Skoglund, Oskar. "Evaluation of bark material and granulated active carbon for treatment of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in wastewater." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-317453.

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a group of artificial chemicals which have been used in a wide area of applications such as surface protection agents in cloths and different industrial applications. It has been found that PFASs are potentially toxic and are frequently found in the environment due to their persistent and mobile properties. Effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been identified as an important point source of PFASs. Bark, by-product from the paper and wood industry, is a low-cost adsorbent and has the potential to be used as a filter material for PFASs in WWTPs. In this study, the removal of PFASs in wastewater has been investigated using granulated active carbon (GAC) (n = 2) and bark (n = 2) in a pilot scale experiment at Kungsängsverket, Uppsala over a period of five weeks. The specific objects included: i) investigate the influence of flow-rate (10, 30 40 and 60 Ld-1 ) on the removal efficiency of PFASs in the GAC and bark filters, ii) investigate the influence of particle size of bark on the removal efficiency of PFASs and iii) establish what circumstances that potentially promotes removal of PFASs in GAC and bark filters. The results showed that GAC was the most effective method compared to bark, with a reduction of 73-93%, with increasing efficiency under low flow (10-30 L d-1 ) conditions. The removal efficiency of bark was 45% with a particle size of 2-5 mm and under low flow conditions (10-30 L d-1 ), while under high flow conditions (60 L d-1 ) with the same particle size the removal of PFASs was not efficient, instead the total PFAS concentration increased with 40%. In contrast, bark with a particle size of 5-7 mm proved to be not efficient in removing PFASs (removal efficiency = 0%). In general, the removal efficiency increased with smaller particle size of the adsorbent and lower flow rate. The results indicate that bark may be a low-cost alternative in reducing PFASs from wastewater, under certain conditions.
Per- och polyfluroalkyla ämnen (PFAS) är en familj av artificiella fluorerade organiska föreningar som har använts sedan 1950-talet i en rad olika applikationer, såsom impregnering i kläder. Studier har visat att PFAS är potentiellt toxiska och att de förekommer globalt på grund av deras persistenta och mobila egenskaper. Spillvatten från avloppsreningsverk etablerats som en betydande källa för PFAS. Bark, vilket är en biprodukt från pappers- och träindustrin, är ett poröst material vilket möjligen kan användas som adsorbent av PFAS. Denna studie har jämfört effektiviteten hos granulerat aktivt kol (GAC) och bark för att minska PFAS i avloppsvatten. Experimentet var utformat som ett småskaligt kolonn-experiment vid Kungsängsängsverket, Uppsala, och pågick under en fem veckors period. Frågeställningen var att i) studera vilka effekter flödes-hastigheten (10, 30, 40 och 60 L d-1 ) har på reduktionen av PFAS hos GAC och barkfiltren, ii) studera vilka effekter partikelstorleken hos bark har på reduktion av PFAS och iii) redogöra vilka förhållanden som potentiellt gynnar reduktionen av PFAS i GAC och bark filtren. Resultaten visade att GAC var det mest effektiva av de två materialen, med en total reduktion på 73- 93% av PFAS, med ökande effektivitet under låga flödesförhållanden (10-30 L d-1 ). Bark minskade den totala mängden av PFAS med 45% då partikelstorleken var 2-5 mm och under låga flödesförhållanden (10-30 L d-1 ) medan bark med samma partikelstorlek under ökade flödesförhållanden (60 L d-1 ) visade en ökning på 40% av PFAS i det utgående vattnet. Bark med en partikelstorlek på 5-7 mm visade ingen reduktion av PFAS. Generellt visade resultaten att reduktionen av PFAS ökar under låga flödesförhållanden och minskad partikelstorlek. Resultaten visade att bark kan vara ett alternativt material för att minska PFAS i avloppsvatten förutsatt att gynnsamma förhållanden upprätthålls.

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Trinh, Thi Trang Nhung. "Structural studies of type IX and type II secretion systems." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0089.

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Les protéines synthétisées et sécrétées par les bactéries jouent des rôles importants pour leur survie. Les bactéries à Gram négatif ont développé des voies de sécrétion en tant qu'armes principales pour transporter des facteurs de virulence dans l'environnement extracellulaire ou dans des cellules hôte. L'un de ces systèmes, le T9SS a été principalement étudié chez l'agent pathogène oral Porphyromonas gingivalis et chez la bactérie mobile Flavobacterium johnsoniae. Un autre complexe, le T2SS est le principal déterminant de la virulence de la bactérie Pseudomonas aeruginosa, un agent pathogène de la fibrose kystique. Dans le cadre de ma thèse, j'ai résolu la structure atomique de plusieurs composants centraux du T9SS et du T2SS. Concernant le projet T9SS, j'ai essayé de cristalliser le domaine cytoplasmique de GldL de F. johnsoniae. La co-cristallisation de GldL avec des Nbs a été réalisée sans succès. Néanmoins, les structures cristallines de deux nanobody contre GldL ont été résolues par remplacement moléculaire. De plus, j'ai également travaillé sur la protéine PG1058 de P. gingivalis. J'ai résolu sa structure par diffraction anomale à la longueur d’onde du selenium. Concernant le projet T2SS, je me suis concentré sur la partie N-terminale de XcpQ, une sous-unité de la sécrétine. J'ai résolu la structure cristalline de XcpQN012 seul et en complexe avec le nanobody vhh04 à une résolution de 2,98 Å et de 2,9 Å, respectivement. Enfin, j'ai participé à la détermination structurale de TssK, un composant de plaque de base du système de T6SS et déterminer la structure cristalline d'un nanobody contre le domaine périplasmique de PorM
Proteins synthesized and secreted by bacteria serve many important roles in their survival. In particular, Gram-negative bacteria have evolved secretion pathways as the main weapons for transporting virulence factors into target cells or into the extracellular environment. One of these systems, the type IX secretion system (T9SS) or the Por secretion system, has been studied mainly in the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis and the gliding bacterium Flavobacterium johnsoniae. Another complex, the type II secretion system (T2SS) is the main determinant of the virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a cystic fibrosis pathogen. In my PhD thesis, I solved the atomic structure of several core components of both T9SS and T2SS.For the T9SS project, I tried to crystallize the cytoplasmic domain of GldL from F. johnsoniae. The co-crystallization of GldL with Nbs was unsuccessfull. The crystal structures of two nanobodies against GldL were solved by molecular replacement. I also worked on the PG1058 protein of P. gingivalis. I obtained crystals of the selenomethionine-derivatized PG1058 OmpA_C-like domain that diffracted up to 1.55 Å, and solved its structure by single-wavelength anomalous diffraction. For the T2SS project, I focused on the N-terminal part of XcpQ, a subunit of the secretin. I solved the crystal structure of XcpQN012 alone and in complex with nanobody vhh04 at a resolution of 2.98 Å and 2.9 Å, respectively. In addition, I also took part in the structural determination of the base plate component TssK of the T6SS and determined the crystal structure of one nanobody (vhh19) against the periplasmic domain of PorM

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Troxel, Cameron Francis. "Life cycle analysis of sediment control devices." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/49105.

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Sediment control devices (SCDs) are critical to reducing the contamination of waterways from adjacent construction sites. Perimeter sediment controls retard the flow of surface runoff water originating on site and subsequently reduce solid, nutrient, and metal concentrations suspended in the flowing water. Silt fence is a commonly used SCD comprised of geotextile filter fabric, steel or wood support posts, and wire mesh reinforcement. The Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) uses an extensive amount of silt fence every year, and because of high degradation of geotextile in the field, the silt fence installations are rarely recycled. This research measures the performance of five SCDs (two types of silt fence, mulch berm, compost sock, and straw bales) at suspended solid, turbidity, nutrient, and metal reduction. A life cycle analysis (LCA) is performed to identify environmental impacts associated with material production, assembly, installation, use on site, and disposal. An impact analysis is performed according to for each SCD. Results of the impact analysis are compared to determine the SCD with lowest overall environmental impact. Results of the SCD performance study show that silt fence installations performed the best at reducing suspended solids and turbidity, mulch was best at reducing nutrients, and compost was the best at reducing metal concentrations. The life cycle impact analysis indicates that a mulch berm is the SCD with the lowest overall environmental impact. The impact analysis included global warming potential, acidification, eutrophication, and aquatic toxicity.

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Fonseca, Louize Viveiro da. "Capacidade de RetenÃÃo de FÃsforo e Material Particulado em SuspensÃo por Manguezal de Ãrea Impactada por Efluentes da Carcinicultura." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3347.

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As florestas de mangue estabilizam a zona costeira da erosÃo e atuam como zona tamponante entre o continente e o mar. Apresentam elevado grau de resiliÃncia e desempenham um importante papel no fluxo de energia e ciclo de nutrientes. SÃo influenciadas pelo crescimento da carcinicultura que pode causar sÃrios impactos ambientais, particularmente na regiÃo nordeste do Brasil devido Ã emissÃo de sÃlidos em suspensÃo e nutrientes para os estuÃrios. Avaliar a capacidade de retenÃÃo capaz de minimizar o impacto dos efluentes contendo elevados teores de fÃsforo e material particulado em suspensÃo e distinguir esta capacidade entre Ãreas de reconhecida contaminaÃÃo e Ãreas com caracterÃsticas naturais constituÃram o objetivo desta dissertaÃÃo. As coletas de Ãgua e sedimento ocorreram em 2 campanhas no rio Jaguaribe (impactado) e em 1 no rio Pacoti (natural) em marÃ sizÃgia durante 13 horas. Os parÃmetros pH, OD, %OD, temperatura, salinidade e condutividade foram medidos in situ com multisonda portÃtil. O MPS foi obtido por gravimetria (APHA, 2001). As fraÃÃes de fÃsforo na Ãgua e no sedimento foram determinadas segundo Grasshoff et al. (1999). A extraÃÃo de TP no sedimento seguiu Berner & Rao (1994). As medidas de fluxo foram calculadas segundo OVALLE et al (1990) e a estimativa do balanÃo de massa foi obtida de forma simplificada a partir do balanÃo entre os processos de entrada e saÃda de acordo com a mudanÃa de marÃ. Os parÃmetros hidroquÃmicos se mostraram semelhantes para as duas Ãreas de estudo, com exceÃÃo do OD, que alcanÃou valores sub-Ãxicos para a gamboa do Jaguaribe. O MPS variou entre 23,1 e 172,9 mg.L-1 para as duas campanhas na gamboa do Jaguaribe e entre 23,5 e 97,7 mg.L-1 para a gamboa do Pacoti, tendo sido considerados aceitÃvel quando comparado a outros trabalhos. As concentraÃÃes de fÃsforo para a gamboa do rio Jaguaribe variaram para o DPO4 entre 2,1 e 6,5 μM na gamboa do Jaguaribe, e 0,1 e 0,9 μM na gamboa do Pacoti; para o T-PO4 entre 3,2 e 15,9 μM para a gamboa do Jaguaribe e 2,9 a 7,3 μM para a gamboa do Pacoti; e para o Part-PO4, entre 1,3 e 11,9 μM para a gamboa do Jaguaribe e 2,8 a 7,7 μM para a gamboa do Pacoti; tendo o Jaguaribe apresentado maiores concentraÃÃes que o Pacoti em todas as campanhas e fraÃÃes, provavelmente relacionando o fÃsforo presente aos efluentes de carcinicultura. O fÃsforo no sedimento variou de 180,6 e 224,9 μg de P/g para o TP na gamboa do Jaguaribe e na gamboa do Pacoti foi de 117,5 μg de P/g, mostrando que as maiores concentraÃÃes de P no sedimento ocorreram na gamboa do Jaguaribe. Os fluxos de MPS (Flx MPS) variaram de 0 a 184,5 g.s-1, na primeira campanha na gamboa do Jaguaribe, 0 a 36,4 g.s-1, na gamboa do rio Pacoti e entre 0 e 836,5 g.s-1 na segunda campanha do Jaguaribe, onde, nesta, os valores foram quase uma ordem de grandeza maiores que na anterior e seu comportamento foi mais acentuado durante a marÃ vazante. O Flx D-PO4 na gamboa do rio Jaguaribe variou de 0 a 709 mg.s-1 e 0 a 9.113 mg.s- 1, enquanto que na gamboa do Pacoti variou de 0 a 13,4 mg.s-1. Para o Flx T-PO4, foi observada variaÃÃo de 0 a 1.248 mg.s-1 e de 0 a 11.065 mg.s-1 na gamboa do Jaguaribe, e de 0 a 295 mg.s-1 na gamboa do Pacoti, e o Flx Part-PO4 variou de 0 a 539 mg.s-1 e de 0 a 3.471 mg.s-1 para as campanhas do Jaguaribe, e de 0 a 281 mg.s-1 para a gamboa do Pacoti. O fluxo das fraÃÃes de P e do MPS estÃo estreitamente relacionados a velocidade da corrente. As estimativas de balanÃo de massa mostraram que o rio Jaguaribe retÃm tanto as fraÃÃes de fÃsforo quanto os teores de MPS, corroborando com a hipÃtese gerada por este trabalho. Entretanto, sua capacidade de suporte estÃ diminuÃda em comparaÃÃo com os resultados de balanÃo encontrados para o rio Pacoti, que apresentou uma retenÃÃo de materiais bem mais significativa do que o rio Jaguaribe, caracterizando-o com uma grande capacidade de suporte. O rio Jaguaribe, por sua vez, provavelmente pode estar entrando em um processo de envelhecimento acelerado pela aÃÃo antrÃpica que causa impacto em suas Ãguas que esta diminuindo sua capacidade depuradora.
The mangrove forests stabilize the coastal erosion zone and act as a buffering between the continent and the sea. This forest presents high resilient degree, suggested to be used as marker of environmental changes. They play an important role in the energy flow and nutrients cycles. They are suffering with the growth of shrimp ponds. This tends to be responsible of causing serious environmental impacts, particularly in the northeast of Brazil and being associated with the emission of solids in suspension and nutrient in estuaries. The mangroves growth has a retention capacity capable to minimize the impact of the effluents that can be distinguished between areas being recognized contaminated and areas with natural characteristics, for that we were intended to test this capacity through the study of phosphorus and TSS mass balance in these estuaries. Sampling of water and sediment was in 2 campaigns: in the Jaguaribe creek (impacted) and in the Pacoti creek (natural) at tidal cycle. The parameters pH, OD, %OD, T, salinity and cond were measured in situ with portable multimode. TSS was obtained by gravimetric method (APHA, 2001). The fractions of phosphorus in water and in sediments were according to the Grasshoff et al. (1999). The TP extraction in sediment followed Berner & Rao (1994). The flow measures were calculated according to OVALLE et al (1990) and the estimate of the mass balance was obtained in simplified ways starting from the mass between the entrance processes to the agreement with the tide change. The hydrochemistry parameters showed the same for the two study areas, except for OD, that reached suboxic values for Jaguaribe creek. TSS varied between 23,1 and 172,9 mg.L-1 for two campaigns in the Jaguaribe creek and 23,5 and 97,7 mg.L-1 for the Pacoti creek, having been considered acceptable when compared the other works. The phosphate concentrations for Jaguaribe creek varied for D-PO4 between 2,1 and 6,5 μM in Jaguaribe creek, and 0,1 and 0,9 μM in Pacoti creek; for T-PO4 between 3,2 and 15,9 μM for Jaguaribe creek and 2,9 to 7,3 μM for Pacoti creek; and for Part-PO4, between 1,3 and 11,9 μM for Jaguaribe creek and 2,8 to 7,7 μM for Pacoti creek; tends Jaguaribe presented larger concentrations that Pacoti in all the campaigns and fractions, probably due to the effluents of shrimp pond. The phosphorus in the sediment varied from 180,6 to 224,9 μg of P/g for TP in Jaguaribe creek and in Pacoti creek it was of 117,5 μg of P/g, showing that the largest concentrations of P in the sediment happened in Jaguaribe. The flows of TSS (Flx TSS) varied from 0 to 184,5 g.s-1, in the first campaign in Jaguaribe creek, 0 to 36,4 g.s-1, in Pacoti creek and between 0 and 836,5 g.s-1 in the second campaign of Jaguaribe, where the values were almost an order of greatness larger than in the previous and your behavior was more accentuated during the ebb tide. Flx D-PO4 in Jaguaribe creek varied from 0 to 709 mg.s-1 and 0 to 9.113 mg.s-1, while in Pacoti creek it varied from 0 to 13,4 mg.s-1. To Flx T-PO4, variation was observed from 0 to 1.248 mg.s-1 and from 0 to 11.065 mg.s-1 in Jaguaribe creek, and from 0 to 295 mg.s-1 in Pacoti creek, and Flx Part-PO4 varied from 0 to 539 mg.s-1 and from 0 to 3.471 mg.s-1 for the campaigns of Jaguaribe, and from 0 to 281 mg.s-1 for Pacoti creek. The fluxes of the fractions of P and of TSS are much related with current speed. The estimates of mass balance showed that the river Jaguaribe retains the phosphorus fractions as much as the TSS, corroborating with the hypothesis generated by this work. However, their support capacity it is reduced in comparison with the balance results found for the river Pacoti that presented retention of materials much more significant than the creek in Jaguaribe River, characterizing him with a great support capacity. However, Jaguaribe River can probably be entering in an accelerated process of aging caused by the antrophic actions that impacts in its waters.

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Aspen, Said. "Determining the feasibility of automatically translating SMILE to a Java framework." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-15789.

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MTsim (Mobile Traffic Simulator) is an Ericsson AB internal software application that is part of 2Gsim. It is used to simulate elements of a GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) network for feature testing and automated testing. It is written in the programming language TSS Language, also known as SMILE which is a proprietary Ericsson programming language. SMILE is based on the principles of state matrix programming which in essence means that each program is on its own a finite state machine. The language is old and was originally intended as a macro language for smaller test programs, not for applications the size of MTsim.

It is of interest to evaluate the feasibility of performing an automatic conversion of applications written in SMILE, with special interest in converting MTsim, to a Java framework since Java has many advantages compared to SMILE. Java, as a language, is well suited for larger applications, there are numerous well supported tools and there is a much wider spread competence than there is for SMILE.

It is clear that in order to do a full conversion of a SMILE program to a Java framework two applications must be implemented. First a Java framework, which acts as a run time environment, must be designed which can host the translated programs. The other part is an actual translator which takes a SMILE program as input and ouputs a translated Java program. A more sophisticated framework is preferred since it makes the actual translated programs more light weight and easy to read which means higher degree of maintainability.

There are different ways to implement state machines in Java but the most flexible and versatile is to implement it as a black-box framework in an object oriented way where the framework has sophisticated mechanisms for message and event handling which is central to any state machine framework.

The translation for SMILE can easily be done by using a AST (abstract syntax tree) representation, which is a full representation of the SMILE program in tree-form. The AST is obtained from an intermediate state of the SMILE program compiler.

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Cerni, Felipe Augusto. "Novo método de fracionamento da peçonha do escorpião Tityus serrulatus e caracterização eletrofisiológica das toxinas Ts6 e Ts7." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60134/tde-26092012-150049/.

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No Brasil, a espécie Tityus serrulatus (Ts) é a responsável pela maioria dos acidentes de envenenamento com escorpiões, bem como pela maior incidência de acidentes ocasionados por animais peçonhentos. Isso ocorre devido ao fato desta espécie possuir somente fêmeas, realizando uma reprodução assexuada (partenogênese), facilitando assim sua proliferação. Atualmente, existem 16 diferentes toxinas descritas provenientes da peçonha de Ts, sendo a Ts1 a mais abundante na peçonha solúvel. Dentre estas toxinas, as neurotoxinas com ação em canais para sódio e potássio são as que despertam maior interesse da comunidade científica, devido aos seus efeitos no envenenamento e especificidades por canais iônicos. As neurotoxinas com ação em canais para potássio são compostas por uma alfa-hélice e três fitas-beta antiparalelas, e são constituídas por 23-43 resíduos de aminoácidos. Essas estão classificadas em quatro famílias (?-, ?-, g- e k-KTx). A família ?-KTx é a de maior relevância e está dividida em 21 subfamílias. Estas toxinas com alta especificidade para diferentes subtipos de canais para sódio e potássio são de extrema importância, pois podem ser utilizadas como ferramentas terapêuticas específicas para células-alvo. Até o momento, nosso grupo realizava o isolamento dessas toxinas utilizando como primeira etapa de purificação a cromatografia da peçonha em coluna de CM-Celulose-52, segundo protocolo descrito por Arantes e colaboradores (1989). O presente trabalho padronizou um novo método de fracionamento inicial da peçonha utilizando a mesma coluna, porém incorporando o uso de CLAE (Cromatografia Liquida de Alta Eficiência), onde foi possível observar um perfil cromatográfico semelhante ao anterior (XIII Frações), porém com maior reprodutibilidade e praticidade. Algumas frações do método anteriormente descrito foram subdivididas em duas (VIA-VIB, VIIIA-VIIIB, IXA-IXB e XIA-XIB), demonstrando que o novo procedimento também apresenta melhor resolução dos componentes da peçonha. Utilizando o novo método, foram purificadas as toxinas Ts6 e Ts7. Os efeitos dessas toxinas foram avaliados em 14 diferentes tipos de canais para potássio (Kv1.1, Kv1.2, Kv1.3, Kv1.4, Kv1.5, Kv1.6, Kv2.1, Kv3.1, Kv4.3, Kv7.1, Kv7.2, Kv7.4, hERG e Shaker), expressos em células de oócitos de Xenopus laevis, através da técnica de voltage-clamp com dois microeletrodos. A toxina Ts6 (1?M) demonstrou ter ação em 11 tipos de canais (Kv1.1, Kv1.2, Kv1.3, Kv1.5, Kv1.6, Kv4.3, Kv7.1, Kv7.2, Kv7.4, hERG e Shaker), porém nos canais Kv1.2, Kv1.3 e Shaker sua ação bloqueadora foi mais intensa. Através de experimentos de dose-resposta foi possível comprovar tal seletividade, demonstrando que a toxina Ts6 atua em quantidades extremamente baixas em ambos os canais (IC50 Kv1.2 = 6,19 ± 0,35 nM /IC50 Kv1.3 = 0,55 ± 0,20 nM). A toxina Ts7 (1?M) demonstrou ter ação em 11 tipos de canais para K+ (Kv1.1, Kv1.2, Kv1.3, Kv1.4 Kv1.5, Kv1.6, Kv2.1, Kv3.1, Kv7.1, hERG e Shaker), porém a ação de bloqueio em vários subtipos de canais não apresentou diferenças significativas, mostrando baixa seletividade entre os canais analisados. Este trabalho foi de Resumo ii extrema importância por melhorar a reprodutibilidade, praticidade e resolução do método de fracionamento da peçonha de Ts, bem como por fornecer uma avaliação eletrofisiológica criteriosa das toxinas Ts6 e Ts7 em diferentes subtipos de canais para potássio. O presente estudo demonstra a potencial aplicação da toxina Ts6, seletiva para canais Kv 1.3, para o tratamento de doenças autoimunes. Além disso, indica o uso das toxinas Ts6 e Ts7 como ferramentas para o estudo de características estruturais e funcionais de canais para potássio.
In Brazil, Tityus serrulatus (Ts) species is the responsible for the most scorpion accidents and also for the major incidence of accidents caused by venomous animals. About 16 different toxins of Ts venom have been listed so far, being Ts1 the major one. Among these toxins, the neurotoxins with action on sodium and potassium channels are the most interest in the scientific community, due to their effect in the envenomation and ion channel specificity. The neurotoxins with action on potassium channels are composed of an ?-helix and three ?-strands formed by 23-43 amino acid residues. They are classified into four families (?-, ?-, g- and ?- KTx). The ?-KTx family is the most relevant and is divided into 21 subfamilies. These toxins with high specificity for different subtypes of sodium and potassium channels are very important, because they can be used as therapeutic tools to specific target cells. Until now, the fractionation of these toxins was done using a CM-Cellulose-52 column, according to the protocol of Arantes and co-workers (1989). The present work standardized a new method of isolation using the same column, but incorporated the use of HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography), in which was observed a chromatographic profile such as the previous one (XIII Fractions), however with high resolution and more practical. Some fraction of the previous method were divided in two subfractions (VIA-VIB, VIIIA-VIIIB, IXA-IXB e XIA-XIB), showing that the new method also present high resolution. Using the new method, it was isolated the Ts6 and Ts7 toxin. The effects of these toxins were evaluated in 14 different types of potassium channels (Kv1.1, Kv1.2, Kv1.3, Kv1.4, Kv1.5, Kv1.6, Kv2.1, Kv3.1, Kv4.3, Kv7.1, Kv7.2, Kv7.4, hERG and Shaker), which were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes using the voltage-clamp technique with twomicroelectrodes. The Ts6 toxin (1?M) shows to act on 11 types of potassium channels (Kv1.1, Kv1.2, Kv1.3, Kv1.5, Kv1.6, Kv4.3, Kv7.1, Kv7.2, Kv7.4, hERG and Shaker), but the blocking of Kv1.2 and Kv1.3 was significantly more intense. Using dose-response experiments, it was possible to confirm this selectivity, in which Ts6 demonstrates to act in both channels in extremely low quantities (IC50 Kv1.2 = 6,19 ± 0,35 nM /IC50 Kv1.3 = 0,55 ± 0,20 nM). The Ts7 toxin (1?M) shows to act on 11 types of potassium channels (Kv1.1, Kv1.2, Kv1.3, Kv1.5, Kv1.6, Kv4.3, Kv7.1, Kv7.2, Kv7.4, hERG and Shaker), but the blocking action on multiple subtypes channels showed no significant differences, showing low selectivity among the channels analyzed. This work was important to improve and facilitate the method of fractionation of Ts venom, as well as evaluate the electrophysiology properties of the toxins Ts6 and Ts7 of interacting with different types of potassium channels. These studies will be essential for future applications of these toxins as drugs to treat channelpathies or as tools to study potassium channels structurally and functionally.

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Kekana, Mmantu Idah. "Dikanegelo tsa bafsa tsa Sepedi." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53416.

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There is a dearth of reading-material in Sepedi for children and youths because the written and reading language in Sepedi is relatively young. Any written texts for children and youths must therefore be in such a way as to be of interest to them. Madiba was a pioneer in such writing. In view of this dearth of reading-material in Sepedi for children and youths, some attempts have been made to translate certain books from other languages in order to fill this gap. However such attempts have proved to be a far outcry to satisfy the existing need of such reading-material. To compound this alarming problem, parents at home do not teach their children how to read. This parental failure is more evident in rural areas where literacy is at its lowest ebb. The thesis outlines the different reader groups and the kinds of the different reader groups as an illustration of the extant deficiency of Sepedi reading-material for children and youths. Though in the Sepedi traditional life there is a spoken or oral literature, the thesis focuses not thereon but on the written form of the literature for children and youths. The method of discussion is descriptive in nature and embarks on social-literacy approach with a strong educational flavour to prepare readers for life and enable the youths to adjust to social and cultural levels in life. In order to prickle the reading interest, pictures, colour, book cover, page lay-out, the letter type and size as well as the easy-to-handle size of the book are all of vital importance. For interest sake, the stories in the books should be read to children not only in class but also at home. The contents of the book should also be appropriate for the particular age group. The structuring of the information should also promote the logical sequence of events. The sentences must be fluent in reading and the vocabulary be appropriate. The title of the book should also stimulate reading interest. Women should venture into the writing of books for children and youths since Sepedi books with stories for daughters are still lacking. Possible steps are suggested to encourage this waiting of reading-material for children and youths. As a written and reading language, Sepedi is a relatively young language and the backlog that exists in this language in respect of child and youth reading-material is ascribable to this. The first written texts of this nature must therefore serve two purposes: in the first place it is used at school as reading-material, and at the same time the reading passages must be so composed and written that they serve as interesting reading-material for the children. School books written on this by Madiba serve as examples of these. These literacy works have therefore been graded in order to provide for those in the different educational levels. It goes without saying that there is a tremendous shortage of the reading-material of this nature. In order to cater for this shortage in some instances attempts have even been made to translate suitable works from other languages so as to provide these to children as supplementary reading-material. In spite of all attempts to overcome this problem, the progress that has been made in this regard so far is praiseworthy although it is far from being enough to satisfy the existing need. The reason for this is, among others, that the sale enjoyed by the written word in Sepedi is determined by the school market. It is also true that the role which the parent must play at home in the teaching of reading is not played especially in rural areas where literacy is not yet established. In order to properly illustrate the existing deficiency in respect of child and youth reading-material in Sepedi, it is essential to outline the different (a) reader groups and (b) the kinds of the different reader groups. An important aspect which the researcher must not lose sight of is that in the Sepedi traditional life dispensation there is literature for the children which however is known as spoken or oral literature which is, as a result thereof, of a different kind especially in respect of the kinds which must be distinguished. A discussion hereof is not undertaken in this thesis; only the written form of the literature for the children and the young people is relevant here. The method in terms of which it is done is mainly descriptive in nature and only where it becomes necessary the information is subjected to interpretation. The approach in terms of which the research is undertaken, is social-literary in nature with a strong educational flavour in order that these works should introduce the readers to and prepare them for life, it must better equip the youth for adjustment to social as well as cultural levels. In order to do that, there exist various strategies which not only make it easier for the reading of texts but also to whet the reading appetite. The reading of the text is expedited by presenting the book in a captivating manner. In the subsequent chapters the extant Sepedi texts are taken through the magnifying glass. Conspicuous inclinations and tendencies are highly-lighted and discussed, since stories for daughters are still lacking and that women should venture into the writing of books for children and youths. Reasons for this are sought and possible steps are suggested to encourage the writing of reading-material for children and youths.
As skryf-en-leestaal is Sepedi n betreklike jong taal, en die agterstand wat in die taal t.o.v. kinder-en-jeuglektuur bestaan, kan hieraan toegeskryf word. Die eerste geskrewe tekste van die aard moes dus n dubbele doel dien: vereers is dit as leesmaterial op skool gebruik, en terselfdertyd moes die leesstukke so saamgestel en geskryf word dat dit interessante leesstof vir die kinders kon dien. Die skoolboekies wat daarom deur Madiba geskryf is, is dan ook voorbeelde hiervan. Die werkies is derhalwe so gegradeer dat hulle vir die in die verskillende opvoedkundige vlakke voorsiening maak. Dat daar n geweldige tekort aan leesstoff van die aard bestaan, spreek vanself. Ter aanvulling van die tekort is daar by geleenheid selfs gepoog om geskikte werkies uit tale te verhaal, en as bykommende leesstof vir die kinders daar te stel. Ten spyte van al die pogins om hierdie problem die hoof te bied, is die voordering wat hiermee gemaak is, wel prysenswaardig, maar nie by benadering voldoende om aan die bestaande behoefte te voldoen nie. Die rede hiervoor is o.a. dat die afset wat die geskrewe woord in Sepedi geniet, deur die skoolmark bepaal word. Ook is dit waar dat die rol wat die ouer tuis met die leesopvoeding moet speel, nie plaasvind nie, veral in die landelike gebiede waar geletterdheid nog nie behoorlik gevistig was nie. Om die leemte wat t.o.v kinder-en-jeug-lektuur in Sepedi bestaan, behoorlik toe te lig, is dit nodig om die verskillende (a) lesergroepe en (b) genres vir die onderskeie lesergroepe uiteen te sit. n Belangrike saak wat die ondersoeker egter nie uit die oog mag verloor nie, is dat daar in die traditionale lewensbestel van die Sepedi wel n letterkunde bekend is, as gevolg waarvan dit ook ondersoortig is veral t.o.v. die genres wat onderskei word. n Bespreking hiervan word nie in hierdie proefskrif onderneem nie, slegs die geskrewe vorm van die literatuur vir die kinders en jong mense is hier ter sake. Die metode waarvolgens dit geskied, is hoofsaklik beskrywend van aard, en slegs waar dit nodig is, word die gegewens aan interpretasie onderwerp. Dir werkwyse waarbinne die ondersoek onderneem word, is sosiaal-literer van aard met n sterk opvoedkundige inslag daar hierdie werke die lesers daarvan moet inlei en voorberei vir die lewe; dit moet die aanpassing van die jeug op sowel sociale as kulturele vlak vergemaklik. Om dit te kan doen, bestaan daar verskillende strategee vat nie net die lees van tekste moet vergemaklik nie, maar ook n leesgierigheid moet aanwakker. Die lees van die teks word aangehelp deurdat die boek aantreklik aangebied word. In die hieropvolgende hoofstrukke word die bestande Sepedi tekste onder die vergrootglas geneem. Opvallende neigings en tendense word uitgelig en besprek soos dat verhale vir dogters nog ontbreek en dat vroue hulle nog aan die skrywe van kinders en jeug boeke moet waag. Redes hiervoor word gesoek, en moontlike stappe word aan die hand gedoen om die skrywe aan kinder-en-jeuglektuur aan te moedig.
Thesis (DLitt)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
African Languages
DLitt
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43

Rossi, Riccardo. "stimolazione transcranica: tipologie e campi applicativi." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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In questo elaborato sono state valutate, nei primi due capitoli, le caratteristiche coi rispettivi campi applicativi di due tecniche di stimolazione transcranica applicate in maniera non invasiva. La prima è la stimolazione elettrica transcranica (tES), che consiste nell'applicazione di correnti elettriche a bassa intensità sullo scalpo. La seconda è la TMS, la quale utilizza il principio di induzione elettromagnetica introdotto da Faraday nel 1831, al fine di indurre una corrente elettrica all'interno dei circuiti cerebrali. Infine, nell'ultimo capitolo, sono stati trattati alcuni protocolli di sicurezza relativi alle due metodiche, al fine di non provocare alcun disagio ai pazienti sottoposti alla terapia.

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Berry, Alice. "Premiers mécanismes de régulation d'exlBA, le facteur de virulence des souches de Pseudomonas aeruginosa de type PA7." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV015/document.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa est un pathogène opportuniste responsable du développement de maladies nosocomiales. Il provoque des infections en employant différents facteurs de virulence dont le principal, associé aux infections sévères, est le système de sécrétion de type 3 (SST3). Les souches de type PA7, taxonomiquement marginales, sont dépourvues de SST3 et leur pouvoir pathogène repose sur le nouveau système de virulence ExlBA. Ce SST5b, ou TPS, est composé du transporteur ExlB qui permet la translocation d’ExlA, une toxine induisant la perméabilisation de la membrane plasmique des cellules eucaryotes.Ce travail représente la première investigation des mécanismes de régulation du système ExlBA. Ainsi, il a été mis en évidence que la déplétion en fer est un signal d’activation de l’expression des gènes exlBA. De plus, les deux principaux messagers secondaires, AMPc et di-GMPc, sont impliqués dans la régulation du TPS. En effet, la voie CyaB-AMPc/Vfr, connue pour réguler le SST3, contrôle la toxicité des souches de type PA7 grâce à une activation transcriptionnelle directe des gènes exlBA, qui peut être stimulée par la chélation du calcium extracellulaire. Parallèlement, alors qu’ExlA était supposée être sécrétée pour agir sur les cellules eucaryotes, cette étude a montré que la toxine doit être exposée à la surface de la membrane bactérienne pour provoquer la lyse de ces cellules, ceci par un mécanisme dépendant du di-GMPc. Effectivement, une forte concentration en di-GMPc empêche la sécrétion d’ExlA en induisant de façon post-traductionnelle son maintien au niveau du transporteur ExlB, ce qui favoriserait l’action de la toxine sur les membranes eucaryotes
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for nosocomial diseases. It provokes infections due to several virulence factors. Among them the most aggressive is the type 3 secretion system (T3SS), associated with severe infection. PA7-like strains, that are taxonomic outliers, lack the T3SS but are still pathogenic thanks to the novel virulence system ExlBA. This T5bSS, or TPS, is composed by the transporter ExlB that allows translocation of ExlA toxin to induce permeabilisation of eukaryotic cell membrane.This study is the first investigation of regulatory mechanisms that modulate ExlBA. It provided evidence that iron depletion is an activator signal of exlBA gene expression. Furthermore, the two main second messengers, cAMP and c-di-GMP, are involved in ExlBA regulation. CyaB-cAMP/Vfr pathway, known to regulate T3SS, controls toxicity of PA7-like strains through direct transcriptional activation of exlBA. This pathway may be stimulated by an extracellular calcium chelation. At the same time, while ExlA was supposed to be secreted to kill eukaryotic cells, this work showed that the toxin must be exposed at the surface of the bacterial membrane to cause lysis of these cells, by a mechanism dependent on c-di-GMP. Indeed, a c-di-GMP high concentration prevents ExlA secretion by inducing its maintenance at the ExlB transporter, that would promote the action of the toxin on eukaryotic membranes

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Métadier, Marjolaine. "Traitement et analyse de séries chronologiques continues de turbidité pour la formulation et le test de modèles des rejets urbains par temps de pluie." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00668706.

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Des approches parcimonieuses sont aujourd'hui développées pour la modélisation de la qualité des rejets urbains par temps de pluie, e adéquation avec la quantité de données disponibles. De plus, l'analyse des incertitudes apparaît comme un outil incontournable pour le test des modèles. Parallèlement, le développement des techniques de mesure en continu en réseau, spectrométrie et turbidité, permet l'obtention de données continues de flux de matières en suspension et de demande chimique en oxygène en grand nombre, apportant une information riche. Ce travail constitue une des premières études en hydrologie urbaine basée sur l'exploitation d'une grande base de données acquises par la mesure de la turbidité. Des mesures sur la période 2004-2008 ont été exploitées sur deux sites. Après traitement et validation, 263 et 239 événements pluvieux ont été retenus. L'analyse des données a permis la formulation d'hypothèses sur la génération des flux pour la proposition de modèles adaptés. Le test de l'approche multi-régression a confirmé la nécessité de construire des modèles locaux, basés sur une analyse approfondie des données. Les meilleurs modèles obtenus sont ceux pour la masse événementielle qui parviennent à reproduire en tendance la variabilité des observations. La méthode bayésienne a été utilisée pour le test d'un modèle d'Accumulation-Erosion-Transfert simple à l'échelle du bassin versant. Les premiers résultats mettent e défaut la structure du modèle testé. Cependant ces premiers tests ont démontré l'efficacité de la procédure d'analyse bayésienne, dont l'application du principe d'apprentissage permet d'améliorer de manière significative les structures des modèles.

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Bernard, Virginie. "Relations entre l'organisation des sites de fixation des facteurs de transcription, la fonction des gènes et l'expression des gènes : vers une annotation des sites de fixation chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00444896.

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Les sites de fixation des facteurs de transcription ou éléments régulateurs sont impliqués dans la régulation de l'expression des gènes. Une meilleure connaissance de l'architecture des promoteurs est aujourd'hui accessible via l'annotation des génomes et les données transcriptomiques. Certains éléments régulateurs sont conservés à une position préférentielle dans les promoteurs. Chez A. thaliana, nous avons mis au point une approche pour caractériser de tels motifs. Ce travail a permis de proposer une cartographie des promoteurs en identifiant 5105 motifs caractérisés par une sur-représentation locale dans les promoteurs proximaux. L'étude du promoteur central où est observée la boîte TATA, élément régulateur conservé entre eucaryotes, a été approfondie. Une liste de 15 variants fonctionnels de la boîte TATA a été identifiée, ainsi qu'une nouvelle classe d'éléments régulateurs qui sont caractérisés par des mêmes contraintes topologiques que la boîte TATA : les motifs-TC. Ils sont conservés chez A. thaliana et le riz, Oryza sativa, mais absents chez les mammifères. Les 18% de gènes d'A. thaliana contenant un motif-TC ont tendance à être exprimés dans des conditions expérimentales spécifiques. Ces éléments pourraient participer à la régulation de l'expression des gènes. L'étude de l'élément initiateur YR chez A. thaliana a mis en évidence une extension de ces 4 dinucléotides dans l'UTR 5'. Des associations entre ces éléments régulateurs peuvent montrer une collaboration fonctionnelle. La recherche de caractéristiques fonctionnelles communes aux gènes possédant une même organisation d'éléments régulateurs pourra permettre de contribuer à l'annotation fonctionnelle de ces éléments.

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Серков, Олександр Анатолійович, Г. І. Чурюмов, Віталій Сергійович Бреславець, and Максим Юрьевич Толкачов. "Модель TSA." Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2017. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/44234.

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Klasila, A. (Aleksi). "TryTLS:testing TLS libraries." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201712203359.

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Encryption is a fundamental building block in protecting our privacy and safety of our society, unfortunately we may fail to use it properly. TLS (Transport Layer Security) has an important part in encrypting the connections on the Internet today. SSL (Socket Layer Security) is the deprecated and dangerous version of TLS. SSL should not be used anymore. There are many protocols developed that use TLS. For example: HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure), FTPS (File Transfer Protocol with support for TLS) and IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol). All the protocols using TLS have also got many different implementations in different programming languages and libraries. This thesis researches the tools used to test how different (client-) libraries implement TLS. This thesis also researches the known TLS/SSL vulnerabilities. In this thesis a backed for TLS testing purposes is implemented
Salaus on perusrakenneosa yksityisyyden ja turvallisuuden suojaamisessa yhteiskunnassamme, valitettavasti saatamme suoriutua siinä huonosti. TLS:llä (Transport Layer Security) on nykyisin tärkeä osa Internet-liikenteen salaamisessa. SSL (Socket Layer Security) on TLS:n vanhentunut ja vaarallinen edeltäjä. SSL:ää ei pitäisi käyttää enään nykyisin. On olemassa monia protokollia, kuten HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure), FTPS (File Transfer Protocol with support for TLS) ja IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol), jotka käyttävät TLS:ää. Lisäksi, kaikilla TLS:ää käyttävillä protokollilla on useita toteutuksia eri ohjelmointikielillä ja kirjastoilla. Tässä työssä tutkitaan kehitettyjä työkaluja TLS-kirjastojen testaamiseen. Tässä työssä tutkitaan myös tunnettuja TLS/SSL-haavoittuvuuksia. Tässä työssä rakennetaan lisäksi järjestelmä TLS:n testaamista varten

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Lalaude-Labayle, Marc. "L'enseignement de l'algèbre linéaire au niveau universitaire : Analyse didactique et épistémologique." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU3044/document.

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Notre recherche porte sur la question de l'enseignement de l'algèbre linéaire au niveau universitaire, plus précisément sur les applications linéaires en Classes Préparatoires aux Grandes Écoles. La théorie des situations didactiques avec la sémiotique de Peirce fournissent le cadre principal de nos travaux et nous permettent d'analyser les raisonnements produits par les étudiants en situation d'interrogation orale. Nous proposons dans un premier temps des éléments d'analyse épistémologique concernant le rôle des applications linéaires dans l'émergence de l'algèbre linéaire. Puis nous présentons dans une optique d'analyse didactique les principaux éléments de la sémiotique de Peirce et son algébrisation par le treillis des classes de signes. Nous complétons alors le modèle d'analyse des raisonnements de Bloch et Gibel et proposons un outil d'analyse sémiotique, le diagramme sémantique. Nous utilisons cet outil pour une analyse sémiotique locale a priori d'une situation mathématique. Cette analyse met en évidence le lien entre les premiers signes et premières actions de la situation et la sémiose qui en découle. Nous procédons ensuite à une analyse des raisonnements produits par des étudiants en situation d'interrogation orale, dite « classique ». Cette analyse confirme le lien entre l'absence de niveaux de milieu adidactiques et la difficulté sémantique d'organiser les objets en situation de preuve. Puis, nous expérimentons une situation d'interrogation orale de telle sorte que les niveaux de milieu adidactiques soient riches et stabilisés. L'analyse des raisonnements produits dans cette situation nous permet de montrer que les étudiants sollicitent un point de vue sémantique sur les objets utile lors de leurs validations et contrôles. Ces trois moments de notre travail confirment l'importance du discours et des pratiques heuristiques dans le cadre de l'algèbre linéaire
Our research is concerned with the teaching of linear algebra at the university level. More precisely, it focuses on the teaching of linear transformations in Classes Préparatoires aux Grandes Écoles. The theory of didactical situations, jointly with Peirce’s semiotics, constitute the main theoretical framework of our works and allow us to analyse student’s reasoning in situations of oral evaluation. Firstly, we put forward some epistemological aspects highlighting the links between linear transformations and the emergence of linear algebra. Then, with a didactical objective, we outline the main features of Perice’s semiotics and its algebraization with the treillis of sign’s categories. Hence, we can enhance the model of analysis for reasoning processes of Bloch and Gibel and build a tool for semiotic analysis called semantic diagram. We illustrate the use of this tool by conducting a local semiotic a priori analysis of a mathematical situation. This analysis highlight the link between the first signs and actions of the situation and the resulting semiosis. Next, we analyse some students’ reasonings produced during oral evaluations said « classical ». This analysis confirms the link between the lack of an adidactical milieu and the semantic difficulty to organize and articulate the objects and signs in a proof situation. Then we experiment a situation of oral evaluation in which the adidactical milieus are rich enough and stabilized. The analysis of the reasoning process conducted in this experimental situation allows us to show that, in this case, the students rely on a semantic point of view on the objects to produce their validations and controls their productions. These three different moments of our research attest the importance of the heuristic practices and discourse in the field of linear algebra

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Piercecchi, Marco. "Undersökning av affinitet till TS1-218, TS1-2182 och HE1-Q enkelkedjeantikroppar i multicellulära tumörsfäroider cytokeratin 8 för TS1-218, TS1-2182 och HE1-Q enkelkedjeantikroppar i multicellulära tumörsfäroider." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för kemi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-4987.

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In vitro-test för upptäckt och behandling av tumör eller mikrometastaser har de senaste 30 åren gjort stora framsteg tack vare immunokemi och nya framgångsrika cellodlings- tekniker som bättre reproducerar celltillväxt i tre dimensioner (3D) och det omgivande stromat (multicellulär tumörsfäroidodling). TS1-218 scFv (single chain variable fragment) är en monoklonal antikropp som har affinitet till ett protein tillhörande cytoskelettet (cytokeratin). Av TS1-218 har skapats olika varianter (en dimer TS1-2182 och en mutant HE1-Q) med syftet att öka affinitet och retentionstid på platsen för dess verkan. I det här projektet försökte vi att testa och jämföra egenskaper hos alla 3 joderade antikropparna genom att inkubera odlade Hela Hep 2 tumörcellssfäroider med dessa antikroppar. Alla tre antikroppsvarianter visade god förmåga att penetrera sfäroider och att binda deras epitop i cytokeratin 8. Försöken visade att det fanns affinitetsskillnader mellan TS1-218 monomer, dimer och mutant vilket visade sig som olika inbindningsförmåga till sfäroiderna.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'TSS'

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