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1
Kasai, Daisuke, Naoto Araki, Kota Motoi, Shota Yoshikawa, Toju Iino, Shunsuke Imai, Eiji Masai, and Masao Fukuda. "γ-Resorcylate Catabolic-Pathway Genes in the Soil Actinomycete Rhodococcus jostii RHA1." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 21 (August 28, 2015): 7656–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02422-15.
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ABSTRACTTheRhodococcus jostiiRHA1 gene cluster required for γ-resorcylate (GRA) catabolism was characterized. The cluster includestsdA,tsdB,tsdC,tsdD,tsdR,tsdT, andtsdX, which encode GRA decarboxylase, resorcinol 4-hydroxylase, hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase, maleylacetate reductase, an IclR-type regulator, a major facilitator superfamily transporter, and a putative hydrolase, respectively. ThetsdAgene conferred GRA decarboxylase activity onEscherichia coli. Purified TsdB oxidized NADH in the presence of resorcinol, suggesting thattsdBencodes a unique NADH-specific single-component resorcinol 4-hydroxylase. Mutations in eithertsdAortsdBresulted in growth deficiency on GRA. ThetsdCandtsdDgenes conferred hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase and maleylacetate reductase activities, respectively, onE. coli. Inactivation oftsdTsignificantly retarded the growth of RHA1 on GRA. The growth retardation was partially suppressed under acidic conditions, suggesting the involvement oftsdTin GRA uptake. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed that thetsdgenes constitute three transcriptional units, thetsdBADCandtsdTXoperons andtsdR. Transcription of thetsdBADCandtsdTXoperons was induced during growth on GRA. Inactivation oftsdRderepressed transcription of thetsdBADCandtsdTXoperons in the absence of GRA, suggesting thattsdgene transcription is negatively regulated by thetsdR-encoded regulator. Binding of TsdR to thetsdR-tsdBandtsdT-tsdRintergenic regions was inhibited by the addition of GRA, indicating that GRA interacts with TsdR as an effector molecule.
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Pfau, Dagmar, Eirini Stratigaki, Carlaalberta Verna, and Christina Stadler. "Angst vor medizinischen Untersuchungen am Beispiel der Zahnbehandlungsangst: Wie hilfreich ist der Einsatz verhaltenstherapeutischer Techniken bei Vorschulkindern?" Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie 48, no. 4 (June 1, 2020): 266–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000703.
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Zusammenfassung. Fragestellung: Zahnbehandlungsangst ist ein häufiges Problem im Rahmen der zahnärztlichen Behandlung bei Vorschulkindern. Zur Angstreduktion werden Kontrollmöglichkeiten eingesetzt, die es den Kindern erlauben, die Behandlung zu unterbrechen. Ziel der Studie war der Vergleich zweier Kontrollmöglichkeiten im Hinblick auf Angstreduktion und Behandlungserfolg. Methodik: 60 Vorschulkinder (3–6 Jahre) mit Zahnbehandlungsangst wurden einer professionellen Zahnreinigung (PZR) mit Tell-Show-Do-Methode (TSDM) unterzogen. Es erfolgte eine Randomisation in die Standardgruppe, in der eine Unterbrechung der Behandlung uneingeschränkt möglich war (S-K), oder die Gruppe mit limitierter Möglichkeit zur Unterbrechung (L-K). Die Wirksamkeit der Kontrollmöglichkeit auf die Reduktion der Zahnbehandlungsangst wurde objektiv durch die Pulsrate und ergänzend durch Selbsteinschätzung gemessen. Ergebnis: Sowohl in der S-K- als auch in der L-K-Bedingung kam es zu einem signifikanten Abfall der Pulsrate und beide Gruppen unterschieden sich weder hinsichtlich der erfassten physiologischen Erregung noch im zahnärztlichen Behandlungsergebnis. Bei allen Kindern war jedoch nach Anwendung der TSDM ein Anstieg der Pulsrate zu beobachten. Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass auch eine eingeschränkte Möglichkeit der Behandlungsunterbrechung nicht mit einer höheren Belastung für die behandelten Kinder verbunden ist. Weitere Studien sind notwendig, um den Nutzen der neuen Methoden unabhängig von TSDM zu untersuchen.
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Yang, Xiaojiao, Bizao Wu, Shixun Wu, Xinxin Liu, and W. G. Will Zhao. "Time Slot Detection-Based M -ary Tree Anticollision Identification Protocol for RFID Tags in the Internet of Things." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (February 4, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6638936.
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Recently, a number of articles have proposed query tree algorithms based on bit tracking to solve the multitag collision problem in radio frequency identification systems. However, these algorithms still have problems such as idle slots and redundant prefixes. In this paper, a time slot detection-based M -ary tree (Time Slot Detection based M -ary tree, TSDM) tag anticollision algorithm has been proposed. When a collision occurs, the reader sends a predetection command to detect the distribution of the m -bit ID in the 2m subslots; then, the time slot after predetection is processed according to the format of the frame-like. The idle time slots have been eliminate through the detection. Using a frame-like mode, only the frame start command carries parameters, and the other time slot start commands do not carry any parameters, thereby reducing the communication of each interaction. Firstly, the research status of the anticollision algorithm is summarized, and then the TSDM algorithm is explained in detail. Finally, through theoretical analysis and simulation, it is proved that the time cost of the TSDM algorithm proposed in this paper is reduced by 12.57%, the energy cost is reduced by 12.65%, and the key performance outperforms the other anticollision algorithms.
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Barnetson, Jason, Stuart Phinn, and Peter Scarth. "Climate-Resilient Grazing in the Pastures of Queensland: An Integrated Remotely Piloted Aircraft System and Satellite-Based Deep-Learning Method for Estimating Pasture Yield." AgriEngineering 3, no. 3 (September 10, 2021): 681–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering3030044.
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The aim of this research is to expand recent developments in the mapping of pasture yield with remotely piloted aircraft systems to that of satellite-borne imagery. To date, spatially explicit and accurate information of the pasture resource base is needed for improved climate-adapted livestock rangeland grazing. This study developed deep learning predictive models of pasture yield, as total standing dry matter in tonnes per hectare (TSDM (tha−1)), from field measurements and both remotely piloted aircraft systems and satellite imagery. Repeated remotely piloted aircraft system structure measurements derived from structure from motion photogrammetry provided measures of pasture biomass from many overlapping high-resolution images. These measurements were taken throughout a growing season and were modelled with persistent photosynthetic pasture responses from various Planet Dove high spatial resolution satellite image-derived vegetation indices. Pasture height modelling as an input to the modelling of yield was assessed against terrestrial laser scanning and reported correlation coefficients (R2) from 0.3 to 0.8 for both a coastal grassland and inland woodland pasture. Accuracy of the predictive modelling from both the remotely piloted aircraft system and the Planet Dove satellite image estimates of pasture yield ranged from 0.8 to 1.8 TSDM (tha−1). These results indicated that the practical application of repeated remotely piloted aircraft system derived measures of pasture yield can, with some limitations, be scaled-up to satellite-borne imagery to provide more temporally and spatially explicit measures of the pasture resource base.
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Wang, Huiru, and Zhijian Zhou. "Rough margin-based ν-twin support tensor machine in pattern recognition." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 40, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 685–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-200573.
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In Rough margin-based ν-Twin Support Vector Machine (Rν-TSVM) algorithm, the rough theory is introduced. Rν-TSVM gives different penalties to the corresponding misclassified samples according to their positions, so it avoids the overfitting problem to some extent. While the input data is a tensor, Rν-TSVM cannot handle it directly and may not utilize the data information effectively. Therefore, we propose a novel classifier based on tensor data, termed as Rough margin-based ν-Twin Support Tensor Machine (Rν-TSTM). Similar to Rν-TSVM, Rν-TSTM constructs rough lower margin, rough upper margin and rough boundary in tensor space. Rν-TSTM not only retains the superiority of Rν-TSVM, but also has its unique advantages. Firstly, the data topology is retained more efficiently by the direct use of tensor representation. Secondly, it has better classification performance compared to other classification algorithms. Thirdly, it can avoid overfitting problem to a great extent. Lastly, it is more suitable for high dimensional and small sample size problem. To solve the corresponding optimization problem in Rν-TSTM, we adopt the alternating iteration method in which the parameters corresponding to the hyperplanes are estimated by solving a series of Rν-TSVM optimization problem. The efficiency and superiority of the proposed method are demonstrated by computational experiments.
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Quek, Janice, Grace Tan, Kokkwang Lim, Chee Khong Yap, Meiyin Wong, and Jiaying Soon. "Diabetes distress and self-management in primary care in Singapore: explorations through illness perception." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 2 (January 24, 2019): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20190166.
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Background: Singapore was recently ranked the second highest in the percentage of diabetic individuals among developed countries’ populations. This study explored possible associations among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients’ perception of having this condition (illness perception), diabetes-related distress, and diabetes self-management with a view to understanding potentially useful emphases in health education and counselling for these patients in primary health care.Methods: A cross-sectional sample of 75 adults diagnosed with T2DM at five primary care clinics under National Healthcare Group Polyclinics completed three research questionnaires in English and Mandarin which assessed the participants’ perception of their own diabetic condition, experience of diabetes distress, and self-management behaviour.Results: Illness perception has specific dimensions (identity, consequence, and emotional representation) that correlated with specific aspects of diabetes distress (emotional burden, interpersonal distress, regimen distress, and overall diabetes distress). Further, overall diabetes distress correlated negatively with dietary control, physical activity, and overall self-management.Conclusions: Patients with TSDM may benefit most from health education and guidance that aim to reduce both their perception of diabetes’ impact on their lives and emotional reactivity in managing their diabetic condition.
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Gürdal, G., H. Amro, C. W. Beausang, D. S. Brenner, M. P. Carpenter, R. F. Casten, C. Engelhardt, et al. "Quadrupole moment measurements of TSD1 and TSD2 bands in167Lu." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 31, no. 10 (September 12, 2005): S1873—S1876. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/31/10/091.
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Fauziah, Shahul Hamid, Chijioke Uche Emenike, and Periatamby Agamuthu. "Effect of Interaction between Earthworm and Microbes on the Degradation Time of Agro-Waste." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 1710–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.1710.
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Impact of macro-organisms in biological processes had been considerably studied but some of the discrete interactions that exist between macro- and micro-organisms still remain complex and sometimes elusive. Agro-waste is a type of waste that remains highly inevitable in our society and its disposal is a subject of concern. Therefore, this study aimed to degrade sugarcane bagasse which is a significant agro-waste in Malaysia, while trying to understand the interaction between microbes and earthworm utilized in the bioprocess. Sugarcane bagasse was blended with spent tea in equal ratio before composting with the aid of Eudrilus eugeniae and introduced microbial consortia. Though varied, pH values across the amendments tended towards alkaline state, just as the available Phosphorus (P) and exchangeable Potassium (K) increased in the value. Total organic carbon (TOC) across the amendments showed reduction in value; 47% in TS (tea and sugarcane bagasse), whereas 25% in TS6M (Tea + sugarcane bagasse + 6 microbes) and 68% in TS3M (tea bagasse + 3 microbes). However, weight loss in Eudrilus eugeinae was found to be proportional to the reduced time of degradation. TS3M at 33% worm weight loss was recorded at 11 day degradation time, than TS6M (27%) and TS (16%) that showed 13 and 20 days degradation time respectively. Weight loss in earthworm is correlated with microbial interaction and can be a reflection of rate decomposition of organic components of agro-waste in a vermicomposting process.
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Paton, Colin J., Jeffrey F. Clewett, Alice R. Melland, Tom Newsome, Jochen Eberhard, John McL Bennett, and Craig P. Baillie. "Sustainability of beef production from brigalow lands after cultivation and mining. 1. Sown pasture growth and carrying capacity." Animal Production Science 61, no. 12 (2021): 1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an20135.
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Context New Acland coal mine in south-eastern Queensland is seeking to rehabilitate mined land to pastures that are safe, stable and sustainable for beef production. Little is known of the productivity and sustainability of grazing previously mined land in the Darling Downs study region. Additionally, information is required to specify management guidelines for sustainable grazing of regional land types retired from cultivation. Aims Identify pasture growth characteristics, rainfall use efficiencies and long-term carrying capacities of subtropical sown pastures established on lands rehabilitated after open-cut coal mining in comparison to sown pastures established on un-mined but previously cultivated lands. Methods Pasture growth and quality (% nitrogen) were observed using the Swiftsynd methodology in ungrazed exclosures with three sites on rehabilitated lands of the Acland Grazing Trial over a 5-year period (2014–2018), and 13 sites on unmined lands over periods of 2–5 years providing data for modelling pasture growth. Key results Peak pasture yield (TSDM for autumn harvests) averaged for 2017 and 2018 was greater (P < 0.1) on rehabilitated sites than unmined Poplar Box land type sites (5957 and 2233 kg/ha respectively) but similar to Brigalow Uplands and Mountain Coolibah land type sites (3946 and 3413 kg/ha respectively). Pasture rundown was evident, with pasture N uptake decreasing over 5 years at some sites. Soil mineral N supply (potentially mineralisable N and mineral N) in spring was a useful indicator of N uptake over the following growing season. Simulations using the GRASP pasture growth model for the grazing trial period predicted rainfall use efficiencies of 12.0, 7.0, 9.1 and 4.8 kg/ha.mm rainfall for rehabilitated sites and unmined sites on Brigalow Uplands, Mountain Coolibah and Poplar Box land types respectively. Long-term carrying capacities based on estimates of long-term median pasture growth and 30% utilisation were 4.39, 3.58 and 5.92 ha/adult equivalent respectively for the unmined land types, and 2.45 ha/adult equivalent for the rehabilitated lands. Conclusions Rehabilitated land can be as productive as unmined but previously cultivated land. Implications Grazing management plans for sustainable management of mined and unmined lands can be developed using data from the present study. The plans will assist with the transition of rehabilitated lands to commercial agriculture.
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XU, JIAN-HUA, LAI-CAI LI, YAN ZHENG, JUN-LING LIU, and XIN WANG. "THEORETICAL STUDIES ON THE REACTION MECHANISM OF HNCS WITH CH2CH RADICAL." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 06, no. 01 (March 2007): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633607002794.
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The reaction mechanisms of HNCS with CH 2 CH radical have been investigated by density functional theory (DFT). The geometries and harmonic frequencies of the reactants, intermediates, transition states and products have been calculated at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level. The results show that the reaction is very complicated. Nine possible reaction pathways were identified. The results show that the most feasible reaction channel is the hydrogen-transfer pathway CH 2 CH + HNCS → IMA1 → TSA1 → CH 2 CHH + NCS . The pathway VIC C-S addition channel ( CH 2 CH + HNCS → TSD5 → IMD4 → TSD9 → CH 2 CHS + CNH ) can also occur easily. Ethene and radical NCS is the main product of the studied reaction, and product P8 ( CH 2 CHS and CNH ) may also be observed. Compared with our previous study on the reaction HNCS + CH 2 CH , the present reaction is easier to proceed.
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Ahmed, Zaghloul. "Trans-spinal direct current stimulation modulates motor cortex-induced muscle contraction in mice." Journal of Applied Physiology 110, no. 5 (May 2011): 1414–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01390.2010.
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The present study investigated the effect of trans-spinal direct current (tsDC) on the firing rate, pattern, and amplitude of spontaneous activity of the tibial nerve and on the magnitude of cortically elicited triceps surae (TS) muscle contractions. The effect of combined tsDC and repetitive cortical electrical stimulation (rCES) on the amplitude of cortically elicited TS twitches was also investigated. Stimulation was applied by two disk electrodes (0.79 cm2): one was located subcutaneously over the vertebral column (T10–L1) and was used to deliver anodal DC (a-tsDC) or cathodal DC (c-tsDC) (density range: ± 0.64 to ± 38.2 A/m2), whereas the other was located subcutaneously on the lateral aspect of the abdomen and served as a reference. While the application of a-tsDC significantly increased the spike frequency and amplitude of spontaneous discharges compared with c-tsDC, c-tsDC made the spontaneous discharges more rhythmic. Cortically elicited TS twitches were depressed during a-tsDC and potentiated after termination. Conversely, cortically elicited TS twitches were enhanced during c-tsDC and depressed after termination. While combined a-tsDC and rCES produced similar effects as a-tsDC alone, combined c-tsDC and rCES showed the greatest increase in cortically elicited TS twitches. tsDC appears to be a powerful neurostimulation tool that can differentially modulate spinal cord excitability and corticospinal transmission.
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Wang, Shiyu, Longlong Wang, Yang Liu, Yonggang Zhu, and Ya Liu. "Characteristics of T-cell receptor repertoire of stem cell-like memory CD4+ T cells." PeerJ 9 (August 25, 2021): e11987. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11987.
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Stem cell-like memory T cells (Tscm) combine phenotypes of naïve and memory. However, it remains unclear how T cell receptor (TCR) characteristics contribute to heterogeneity in Tscm and other memory T cells. We compared the TCR-beta (TRB) repertoire characteristics of CD4+ Tscm with those of naïve and other CD4+ memory (Tm) in 16 human subjects. Compared with Tm, Tscm had an increased diversity across all stretches of TRB repertoire structure, a skewed gene usage, and a shorter length distribution of CDR3 region. These distinctions between Tscm and Tm were enlarged in top1000 abundant clonotypes. Furthermore, top1000 clonotypes in Tscm were more public than those in Tm and grouped in more clusters, implying more epitope types recognized by top1000 clonotypes in Tscm. Importantly, self-reactive clonotypes were public and enriched in Tscm rather than Tm, of type one diabetes patients. Therefore, this study highlights the unique features of Tscm different from those of other memory subsets and provides clues to understand the physiological and pathological functions of Tscm.
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Opit, George P., Yan Chen, Kimberly A. Williams, James R. Nechols, and David C. Margolies. "Plant Age, Fertilization, and Biological Control Affect Damage Caused by Twospotted Spider Mites on Ivy Geranium: Development of an Action Threshold." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 130, no. 2 (March 2005): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.130.2.159.
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In three experiments, damage caused by twospotted spider mite (TSSM; Tetranychus urticae Koch) was correlated with the quality of ivy geranium [Pelargonium peltatum (L.) L'Her ex Aiton], and the action threshold for TSSM on ivy geranium was developed. Ivy geranium quality was measured as overall plant quality—plant size and form, and leaf greenness and glossiness—leaf browning, and leaf distortion. Young plants with high initial TSSM numbers (30 TSSM/plant) exhibited the greatest damage, suggesting that monitoring for TSSM early in the plant production cycle is necessary to prevent extensive damage. The leaf distortion index and overall plant quality were correlated with cumulative TSSM density and marketability in 4-week-old plants infested with 30 TSSM, whereas leaf browning was not correlated with either. Thus, either leaf distortion or overall plant quality can be used to measure economic damage resulting from TSSM. The action threshold for TSSM on ivy geranium was determined using overall plant quality. When the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot, is used to control TSSM, the action threshold was found to be 2 TSSM/leaf. Results also showed that fertilizer combinations of 8 or 24 mm nitrogen and 0.32, 0.64, or 1.28 mm phosphorus had no effect on cumulative TSSM density. When P. persimilis was released at predator: prey ratios of 1:60, 1:20, and 1:4, TSSM damage, measured as both leaf distortion and overall plant quality, was significantly reduced at 1:4 and 1:20, but not at 1:60. A 1:4 rate resulted in the most marketable plants. These results suggest that P. persimilis should be released at a rate of 1:4 when the TSSM action threshold is reached.
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Cédola, C. V., M. F. Gugole Ottaviano, M. E. Brentassi, M. F. Cingolani, and N. M. Greco. "Negative interaction between twospotted spider mites and aphids mediated by feeding damage and honeydew." Bulletin of Entomological Research 103, no. 2 (October 9, 2012): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485312000594.
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AbstractAmong the herbivorous arthropods that feed on strawberry, the most important are the two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch, and several species of aphids. Mites and aphids belong to different guilds that coexist in the field and feed on the undersides of strawberry leaflets. However, the occurrence of large numbers of individuals of both species on the same leaflet is rarely recorded. We hypothesize that negative interactions between TSSM and aphids explain the intraplant distribution of these herbivores. We first examined the spatial coincidence of both herbivores in the field. Under experimental conditions, we then analyzed: (i) the rate of increase of TSSM and the aphid Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell), growing individually and together; (ii) the effect of honeydew on TSSM preference; and (iii) the effect of previous strawberry leaflet damage by TSSM on C. fragaefolii preference. The proportion of TSSM that coincided with at least one aphid decreased as the percentage of leaflets with TSSM increased. The spatial coincidence index between aphids and TSSM increased together with the percentage of TSSM-infested leaflets. TSSM showed both a lower rate of increase when they shared the same leaflet with C. fragaefolii and lower fecundity on strawberry discs with honeydew. The rate of increase of C. fragaefolii did not change on co-occupied leaves, but the aphid species moved to the other side of leaflets shared with TSSM. Negative interactions resulting in a tendency for species to avoid each other, such as demonstrated herein, can affect distribution and performance of herbivorous arthropods.
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Hosokawa, Kohei, Pawel Muranski, Xingmin Feng, Danielle M. Townsley, Baoying Liu, Jared Knickelbein, Keyvan Keyvanfar, et al. "High Frequency of Circulating CD8+ Memory Stem T Cells in Acquired Aplastic Anemia." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 3613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.3613.3613.
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Abstract Background. Aplastic anemia (AA), the prototypical bone marrow (BM) failure syndrome, is caused by immune-mediated destruction of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). CD8+ cytotoxic T cells with restricted TCR diversity (oligoclonal T cells) are expanded in AA, leading to production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-γ, which induce apoptosis of HSPCs. Recent studies have identified a new subset of memory T cells with stem cell-like properties, TSCM, which are the least differentiated cells of all distinct memory populations. Functionally, TSCM possess an enhanced capacity for self-renewal and can generate multiple memory T cell populations, and they likely have an important role in controlling immunity. In autoimmune diseases, there is abnormal CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation. We evaluated TSCM frequency in AA and its association with severity, treatment response, relapse, and changes after immunosuppressive therapy (IST). Further, to evaluate the TSCM in other autoimmune diseases, we examined CD4+ and CD8+ TSCM frequencies in uveitis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and sickle cell disease (SCD), as compared with healthy controls. Method. We retrospectively analyzed CD4+ and CD8+ TSCM populations by flow cytometry. PB specimens were collected from 55 AA samples and 41 age-matched healthy donor samples. Among 55 AA samples, 21 samples were analyzed at diagnosis and 34 after IST. For comparison, blood samples were obtained from 34 uveitis patients (27 inactive or 7 active cases), 43 SLE patients who met the American College of rheumatology (ACR) criteria for the disease [19 inactive SLE (SLE disease activity index-2K (SLEDAI-2K) score < 3; and 24 active SLE (SLEDAI-2K score > 3)], and 5 SCD patients who were receiving frequent transfusions. TSCM was defined as CD3+ CD4 (CD8)+ CD45RO- CD45RA+ CCR7+ CD27+ CD95+ population. Results and Discussion. In healthy controls, TSCM represented a relatively small percentage of circulating CD4+ or CD8+ T cells (median 2.4% CD4+ TSCM and 2.1% CD8+ TSCM, Fig. 1A). A significantly higher CD8+ TSCM frequency was detected in AA patients (4.2% vs. 2.1%, p < 0.05) while there was no difference in the CD4+ TSCM frequency (p > 0.05), compared to controls (Fig. 1B-C). In AA, high CD8+ TSCM frequency at diagnosis correlated with complete (CR) or partial response (PR) to IST [5.0 % in CR and PR vs 2.8 % in non-responders (NR), p < 0.05). In AA patients prior to IST (n=21), CD8+ TSCM frequency was not correlated with age, sex, absolute neutrophil count, platelet count, time from diagnosis to therapy, and serum ferritin levels. CD8+ TSCM were significantly increased in the two AA cohorts (with or without IST), relative to controls (p < 0.05, respectively). Higher CD8+ TSCM frequency after IST associated with treatment-failure (3.5 % in responders vs 5.5 % in NR or relapse, p < 0.05). Stimulation with anti-CD3/CD28 beads successfully induced cytokine production in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from AA and healthy controls. Elevated IFN- γ and IL-2 levels were seen in CD4+ and CD8+ TSCM in AA compared to healthy controls. We next compared CD4+ or CD8+ TSCM frequency between each patient group (AA, uveitis, SLE, or SCD) and a healthy control group. Among the four patient groups, the uveitis group alone displayed a reduction in CD4+ TSCM frequency (1.8%) relative to the healthy controls (2.4 %; p < 0.05). An elevated CD8+ TSCM frequency was observed in AA (4.2 %), uveitis (3.6 %), and SCD (4.3 %), but not in SLE, compared to controls (2.1%; p < 0.05) (Fig. 2A). Positive correlation between CD4+ and CD8+ TSCM frequencies was found in AA, autoimmune uveitis, and SLE (Fig. 2B). Evaluation of PD-1 expression revealed that TSCM were the least exhausted T cell compartment, as compared to other types of memory T cells. Immune therapies appeared to have negative effects on the TSCM population both in uveitis and SLE patient cohorts, as well as in AA. Conclusion. We provide evidence for increased circulating CD8+ TSCM in AA, underscoring the importance of this novel subset in regulation of immune responses and pathogenesis of autoimmunity. Our work described previously unknown potential roles of TSCM in AA, such as cytokine secretion correlated with effector functions. Understanding the CD8+ TSCM population may offer new therapeutic strategies and novel mechanistic insight into the various autoimmune diseases. Figure 1. Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 2. Disclosures Townsley: Novartis: Research Funding; GSK: Research Funding. Dumitriu:Novartis: Research Funding; GSK: Research Funding. Young:Novartis: Research Funding; GSK: Research Funding.
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Shanks, John, Mary N. Burtnick, Paul J. Brett, David M. Waag, Kevin B. Spurgers, Wilson J. Ribot, Mark A. Schell, et al. "Burkholderia mallei tssM Encodes a Putative Deubiquitinase That Is Secreted and Expressed inside Infected RAW 264.7 Murine Macrophages." Infection and Immunity 77, no. 4 (January 21, 2009): 1636–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01339-08.
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ABSTRACT Burkholderia mallei, a category B biothreat agent, is a facultative intracellular pathogen that causes the zoonotic disease glanders. The B. mallei VirAG two-component regulatory system activates the transcription of ∼60 genes, including a large virulence gene cluster encoding a type VI secretion system (T6SS). The B. mallei tssM gene encodes a putative ubiquitin-specific protease that is physically linked to, and transcriptionally coregulated with, the T6SS gene cluster. Mass spectrometry and immunoblot analysis demonstrated that TssM was secreted in a virAG-dependent manner in vitro. Surprisingly, the T6SS was found to be dispensable for the secretion of TssM. The C-terminal half of TssM, which contains Cys and His box motifs conserved in eukaryotic deubiquitinases, was purified and biochemically characterized. Recombinant TssM hydrolyzed multiple ubiquitinated substrates and the cysteine at position 102 was critical for enzymatic activity. The tssM gene was expressed within 1 h after uptake of B. mallei into RAW 264.7 murine macrophages, suggesting that the TssM deubiquitinase is produced in this intracellular niche. Although the physiological substrate(s) is currently unknown, the TssM deubiquitinase may provide B. mallei a selective advantage in the intracellular environment during infection.
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Hata, Fernando Teruhiko, Vinádio Lucas Béga, Maurício Ursi Ventura, Francine dos Santos Grosso, José Eduardo Poloni da Silva, Renato Ribeiro Machado, and Virgínia Sousa. "Plant Acceptance for Oviposition of Tetranychus urticae on Strawberry Leaves Is Influenced by Aromatic Plants in Laboratory and Greenhouse Intercropping Experiments." Agronomy 10, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10020193.
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The objective was to evaluate aromatic plants’ effects on the acceptance, preference, egg load, and life span of females of the twospotted spider mite (TSSM) in laboratory experiments and TSSM population under aromatic plants’ intercropping in greenhouse experiments. The pseudofruits production was also evaluated. For the laboratory, basil’s, Chinese chives’, chives’, and garlic’s influence on TSSM were tested on strawberry leaves. Four laboratory experiments were conducted: (1) Multiple choice test; (2) T-shaped arena test; (3) host–plant acceptance on aromatic plant or strawberry leaves; and (4) performance of TSSMs on strawberry leaves under aromatic plant influence. For the greenhouse experiments, assessments of the TSSM populations were realized by observing TSSM with a 10× magnifying glass on strawberry leaves in a monocrop or intercropped with Chinese chives, chives, garlic, or onion. Pseudofruit production was evaluated. Our results show that strawberry leaves were strongly preferred by TSSM. The T-shaped arena test revealed that all aromatic plants repel the TSSM. The test with the performance of TSSM females revealed that aromatic plants affected the mite’s biological parameters. Chinese chives reduced the number of eggs laid per day by 33.22%, whereas garlic reduced the number by 17.30% and chives reduced it by 12.46%. The total number of eggs was reduced by 34.79% with Chinese chives and 25.65% with garlic. Greenhouse experiments showed that chives reduced TSSM populations on two cycles and Chinese chives and garlic reduced TSSM populations on the first cycle only. With our findings, we suggest that Chinese chives, chives, and garlic are the primary candidates for intercropping use against TSSM. Chinese chives and garlic reduced the total number of eggs, but only garlic reduced female mite longevity. However, none of the intercropping plants improved strawberry pseudofruit production.
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Sun, Yong, and Xing Sheng Li. "Failure Probability of Thermally Stable Diamond Composite Tips for Cutting Rock Segments." Materials Science Forum 936 (October 2018): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.936.192.
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Thermally Stable Diamond Composite (TSDC) tips have attracted a great attention of rock cutting industry due to the higher thermal stability and high wear resistance of TSDC. To make the TSDC tipped picks practical for real application, it is important to understand the failure behavior of the TSDC tips for rock cutting. One of the failure characters of TSDC tips is random failures. In this paper, a method is proposed to calculate the failure probability of TSDC tips for cutting individual rock segments. This method enables to link the segment length to the failure probability of the tip for cutting the segment. A numerical case study is presented to validate the method. The method can effectively reduce the impact of the number of segments on failure probability estimation accuracy.
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Ku, Beom-Jun, Kangeun Ko, Ki-Ok Shin, and Ju-Yong Bae. "Effect of Regular Taekwondo Self-Defense Training on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Markers in Postmenopausal Women." Healthcare 9, no. 8 (August 3, 2021): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9080985.
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We aimed to investigate the effect of a 12-week Taekwondo self-defense training course on oxidative stress and inflammation in postmenopausal women. Sixteen middle-aged women participated and were randomized into two groups: a control group (CG, n = 8) and a Taekwondo self-defense training group (TSDG, n = 8). The TSDG was trained for 60 min, four times per week, for 12 weeks. Following the Taekwondo training intervention, side-step was significantly higher in the TSDG than in the CG (p < 0.001). Malondialdehyde levels were significantly lower after the intervention than before in the TSDG (p < 0.01). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were also significantly higher after the intervention than before in the TSDG (p < 0.001). After the Taekwondo training intervention, SOD levels were significantly higher in the TSDG than in the CG (p < 0.01). Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels were significantly lower after the intervention than before in the TSDG (p < 0.05). After the Taekwondo training intervention, TNF-α levels were significantly lower in the TSDG than in the CG (p < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that Taekwondo self-defense training is an effective exercise that improves agility, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses in postmenopausal women.
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Cieri, Nicoletta, Jacopo Peccatori, Maria Teresa Lupo Stanghellini, Fabio Ciceri, and Chiara Bonini. "Evaluating CD8+ Memory Stem T Cells Dynamics After Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation: Impact On GvHD Occurrence." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 4179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.4179.4179.
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Abstract Abstract 4179 Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is caused by alloreactive donor T cells that target host tissues. GvHD develops over weeks or months, suggesting a requirement for persistent alloreactive T cells able to sustain the alloresponse. With this respect, long-living memory stem T cells (TSCM) with the ability to self-renew and the plasticity to differentiate into potent effectors, may represent important targets influencing GvHD when bearing specificities for alloantigens. We have demonstrated that CD8+ TSCM are characterized by the CD45RA+ CD62L+ CD95+ phenotype and are able to mediate a potent xenogeneic GvHD when infused into immunodeficient mice, preserving their xenoreactivity even across serial transplants (Cieri et al., Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts) 118: 2052). Importantly, we found that requirements for TSCM generation are CD3/CD28 engagement in the presence of IL-7 and IL-15 starting from naïve precursors. Accordingly, in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), the conditioning regimen favors systemic inflammation, leading to the activation of antigen presenting cells, which become costimulation competent and could then provide CD3/CD28 stimuli to allogeneic naïve T cells. On the other hand, conditioning causes also severe host lymphopenia, creating a milieu in which infused allogeneic naïve T lymphocytes are exposed to elevated levels of IL-7 and IL-15 (Dean et al., 2008; Thiant et al., 2011). We hypothesize that this dynamic environment may support the in vivo generation of TSCM. To verify this hypothesis and assess the impact of TSCM on post-transplant immune reconstitution and GvHD incidence, peripheral blood lymphocytes from 10 patients transplanted after myeloablative conditioning at San Raffaele Scientific Institute between 2011 and 2012 were analyzed one month after transplant (median day post-HSCT: 32 days; range 14–46). A 11-color flowcytometric panel was established to evaluate TSCM and was tested in ten healthy individuals. In patients, we documented a selective accumulation of TSCM one-month post-HSCT, since the majority of circulating CD45RA+CD62L+ CD8+ T lymphocytes expressed CD95 (HSCT patients: 92.37 ± 21.03%, healthy individuals: 9.911 ± 3.931%; P < 0.0001), and represented a higher fraction of total CD8+ T cells compared to healthy controls (HSCT patients: 24.80 ± 15.76%, healthy individuals: 4.669 ± 1.727%; P = 0.0025). Moreover, the percentage of TSCM not only correlated with aGvHD occurrence (P = 0.0148), but was also significantly higher in patients who experienced aGvHD grade III-IV compared to those with aGvHD ≤ grade II (P = 0.009). Furthermore, TSCM percentages one-month after HSCT were also predictive for the subsequent development of cGvHD (P = 0.007). Overall, patients with higher percentages of circulating TSCM required a more profound immunosuppressive therapy (> 2 lines) compared to those with less circulating TSCM (P = 0.012). Accordingly, there was also a trend towards higher transplant related mortality in patients bearing higher TSCM frequencies. Of note, the extent of TSCM accumulation one month after transplant did not correlate with the dose of CD3+ or CD45+ cells present in the graft, nor with the degree of mismatch between donors and recipients. Finally, in 4 patients we had the opportunity to evaluate circulating TSCM at a later time-point after HSCT (median day post-HSCT: 197 days; range 57–250). In one patient who did not experience GvHD we found that the proportion of TSCM on CD8+ T cells remained stable over time, while in the remaining three patients, who instead experienced GvHD, a drastic reduction of TSCM percentage after GvHD resolution was observed (P = 0.046). Our studies evaluated for the first time TSCM dynamics after allogeneic HSCT and suggest that TSCM frequencies observed early after transplant may represent biomarkers to predict subsequent development of GvHD. To this aim, we are currently starting a prospective longitudinal study of circulating TSCM lymphocytes after HSCT in a larger cohort of patients. Hopefully, if a causative role for TSCM in GvHD will be demonstrated, new therapies to selectively target this T-cell population may be designed with the final aim of relieving GvHD morbidity and mortality. Disclosures: Bonini: MolMed S.p.A.: Consultancy.
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Bilbo, Tom R., and James F. Walgenbach. "Compatibility of Bifenazate and Phytoseiulus persimilis for Management of Twospotted Spider Mites in North Carolina Staked Tomatoes." Journal of Economic Entomology 113, no. 5 (August 2, 2020): 2096–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa159.
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Abstract The twospotted spider mite (TSSM, Tetranychus urticae Koch) is a key pest of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicon L. [Solanales: Solanaceae]) in North Carolina, and its management has relied principally on synthetic acaricides. Augmentative biological control of TSSM is a commonplace and effective management strategy in greenhouses worldwide, but in field-grown vegetable crops biocontrol of TSSM is poorly developed. We conducted small-plot field experiments in 2016 and 2019 to test the ability of the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot, to establish, disperse, and reduce TSSM in staked tomatoes, as well as test their compatibility with a commonly used reduced-risk acaricide, bifenazate (Acramite). Across both years, the most effective treatment for reducing TSSM was the combination of P. persimilis + Acramite. Phytoseiulus persimilis successfully established both years, but its population growth and dispersal were greater in 2016 than 2019. Acramite alone significantly reduced TSSM pressure in 2019 and P. persimilis alone did not reduce TSSM pressure below the control in either year. However, results in 2016 were influenced by the eventual dispersal of P. persimilis into all experimental plots, despite efforts to hinder their movement with corn barriers. Results in 2019 were influenced by the late-season invasion of TSSM into the trial, which delayed P. persimilis releases and influenced their establishment and growth. This study is the first to demonstrate the utility and limitations of P. persimilis in staked field tomatoes, which is a promising option for growers to manage TSSM in tomatoes in the southeast United States.
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Cieri, Nicoletta, Giacomo Oliveira, Raffaella Greco, Mattia Forcato, Cristian Taccioli, Veronica Valtolina, Maddalena Noviello, et al. "Revealing the Generation of Human Memory Stem T Cells in Haploidentical T-Replete Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.192.192.
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Abstract Introduction: The T cell memory compartment is multi-faceted and encompasses multiple subsets with divergent properties. In addition to central memory (TCM) and effector memory (TEM) cells, the spectrum of immunological memory has been recently extended with the identification of memory stem T cells (TSCM). Gene expression profiling, corroborated by in vitro and in vivo experimental results, posits TSCM upstream TCM and TEM in T-cell ontogeny. However, TSCM role in immune reconstitution (IR) following allogeneic HSCT remains largely unknown. Here, we tracked TSCM dynamics in patients undergoing haploidentical HSCT. By this process, we unconventionally exploited HSCT as model system to provide novel insights into the contribution of TSCM to a mounting immune response. Patients and Methods: We characterized T cell dynamics during the first month post HSCT in 20 patients receiving myeloablative conditioning, T-replete haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell graft, and GvHD prophylaxis consisting of cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy day 3,4), MMF and sirolimus from day 5. Results: Upon infusion, naïve T cells (TN) cells gradually disappeared from circulation, and by day 8 post HSCT the peripheral compartment was composed only by memory lymphocytes. At day 8, TSCM cells were the most represented circulating subset, and their frequency was significantly higher than that of the infused graft (LK). To investigate whether such high TSCM frequency was due to expansion of TSCM cells infused or to their direct in vivo generation, T cell subset proliferation was analyzed. At day 3 upon infusion (in the absence of immunosuppression), all memory subsets robustly proliferated, with TSCM cells displaying significantly higher frequencies of Ki-67+ cells compared to all other subsets. In sharp contrast, TN cells were scantly Ki-67+, in line with the longer timeframe required for their priming. PT-Cy abrogated proliferation in all subsets. T cell counts however did not drop between day 5 and 8 post HSCT, and TSCM cells increased in percentages and absolute numbers. We thus explored whether TSCM cells were resistant to PT-Cy, but failed to record ALDH activity, the major mechanism of Cy inactivation, in CD3+ cells. neither within LK nor upon infusion. Accordingly, we detected high percentages of apoptotic cells within all memory subsets at day 5 post HSCT. Nonetheless, at day 8 significantly lower percentages of TSCM cells were Annexin V+ compared to TCM/TEM, while by day 15 post-HSCT all memory subsets displayed very low levels of apoptosis. Thus, we reasoned that direct conversion of TN into TSCM could be the preferential mechanism underlying TSCM expansion. To prove this, we exploited the TCR sequences harbored by each individual T cell as surrogate clonal markers. Purified T cell subsets from LK and harvested 30 days post HSCT in 3 consecutive patients were subjected to TCR sequencing. Sequences harbored by LK-TN were retrieved in all memory subsets at day 30 after HSCT, showing that TN were able to generate the complete spectrum of immunological memory, including TSCM. Quantitative analysis revealed that only clonotypes originally harbored by LK-TN were significantly increased in counts at day 30 post-HSCT. In contrast, sequences unique to LK-TSCM, LK-TCM or LK-TEM were similar or reduced in counts at day 30 post-HSCT compared to LK, indicating that either PT-Cy efficiently dampened their expansion and/or that such memory lymphocytes persisted unchallenged upon in vivo infusion. Overall, in vivo fate mapping through TCR sequencing allowed defining the in vivo differentiation landscapes of human naïve T cells upon HSCT, highlighting TSCM as privileged players in the diversification of immunological memory. We next validated these results at the antigen-specific level. In suitable 5 patients, we recorded the presence of WT1 or PRAME-specific TN cells within donor LK. Upon HSCT, tumor-specific T cells increased in frequency and displayed a memory phenotype, comprising TSCM. Finally, by quantifying patient serum cytokines, we found that the degree of IL-7 availability at day 1 post HSCT correlated with the extent of TSCM expansion at day 8. Conclusions: These data provide novel insights into TSCM biology and ongoing analyses will define correlations with clinical events. Longer immunological follow-up will advance our understanding of the contribution of early TSCM generation to the overall success of post HSCT IR. Disclosures Bordignon: MolMed: Employment. Bonini:MolMed S.p.A.: Consultancy.
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Chen, Hui Qiang, and Bo Ming Tang. "Study on Properties of Thin Layer Skid-Resistance Material in Tunnel Paving." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 969–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.969.
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In order to reduce traffic accidents in tunnel, a type of new road material with excellent skid resistance and multicolour which was abbreviated to TSRM was studied in this paper, and its properties were analyzed and characterized by means of testing its cohesive force, shearing strength, water stability, chemistry stability and skid-resistance on the basis of the former studies. Based on large amount of indoor tests, technical standards for components of TSRM were put forward. The curing mechanism of TSRM was probed into in this paper. The results verified that the comprehensive properties of TSRM were excellent, and it has a high friction factor and good texture depth. With the result that TSRM was fit for tunnel paving.
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Shu, Hui, Ming Yang, Qiang Liu, and Maobin Luo. "Study of TiO2-Modified Sol Coating Material in the Protection of Stone-Built Cultural Heritage." Coatings 10, no. 2 (February 15, 2020): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10020179.
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Coating materials can effectively protect stone-built cultural heritage and, as such, research into coating materials has gained comprehensive attention from researchers. The aim of this work is to prepare a TiO2-modified sol coating material (TSCM) and study its protective effects on stone-built cultural heritage. TSCM and pure TiO2 sol (p-sol, unmodified; for comparison) were applied evenly over the entire surface of stone samples. The prepared stone samples included untreated stone, stone treated with pure sol, and stone treated with TSCM. The protective effects of TSCM were evaluated by water absorption, water vapor permeability, acid resistance, and weather resistance experiments. The results show that stone treated with TSCM has excellent water absorption and water vapor permeability, strong acid resistance, and good weather resistance, compared with untreated stone or stone treated with p-sol. The acid resistance of stone treated by TSCM was 1.75 times higher than that treated with traditional coating materials. The weather resistance cycle number of stone treated by TSCM was four times higher than that treated with organic protective materials. These findings are expected to provide useful suggestions for the protection of stone-built cultural heritage.
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Aigo, Takashi, Wataru Ito, Hiroshi Tsuge, Hirokatsu Yashiro, Masakazu Katsuno, Tatsuo Fujimoto, and Takayuki Yano. "Formation of Epitaxial Defects by Threading Screw Dislocations with a Morphological Feature at the Surface of 4º Off-Axis 4H-SiC Substrates." Materials Science Forum 740-742 (January 2013): 629–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.740-742.629.
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In this paper, we present the formation of extended epitaxial defects, such as carrot defects, from threading screw dislocations (TSDs) with a morphological feature at the surface of the substrates. It was confirmed using highly sensitive surface observation, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and KOH etching that the surface roughness around a TSD was observed as the morphological feature and TSDs with such a morphological feature formed extended epitaxial defects with high frequency of appearance compared to usual TSDs without any features. The density of TSDs with such morphological feature depended on the polishing methods. Furthermore, we observed that the formation and shapes of extended defects from TSDs with such morphological feature were affected by step-bunching at the surface of the epilayers.
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Xu, Xingjian, Raquel Godoy-Ruiz, Kaylin A. Adipietro, Christopher Peralta, Danya Ben-Hail, Kristen M. Varney, Mary E. Cook, et al. "Structure of the cell-binding component of the Clostridium difficile binary toxin reveals a di-heptamer macromolecular assembly." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 2 (January 2, 2020): 1049–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1919490117.
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Targeting Clostridium difficile infection is challenging because treatment options are limited, and high recurrence rates are common. One reason for this is that hypervirulent C. difficile strains often have a binary toxin termed the C. difficile toxin, in addition to the enterotoxins TsdA and TsdB. The C. difficile toxin has an enzymatic component, termed CDTa, and a pore-forming or delivery subunit termed CDTb. CDTb was characterized here using a combination of single-particle cryoelectron microscopy, X-ray crystallography, NMR, and other biophysical methods. In the absence of CDTa, 2 di-heptamer structures for activated CDTb (1.0 MDa) were solved at atomic resolution, including a symmetric (SymCDTb; 3.14 Å) and an asymmetric form (AsymCDTb; 2.84 Å). Roles played by 2 receptor-binding domains of activated CDTb were of particular interest since the receptor-binding domain 1 lacks sequence homology to any other known toxin, and the receptor-binding domain 2 is completely absent in other well-studied heptameric toxins (i.e., anthrax). For AsymCDTb, a Ca2+ binding site was discovered in the first receptor-binding domain that is important for its stability, and the second receptor-binding domain was found to be critical for host cell toxicity and the di-heptamer fold for both forms of activated CDTb. Together, these studies represent a starting point for developing structure-based drug-design strategies to target the most severe strains of C. difficile.
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Park, Hyejoon, Keeyoon Noh, Jihyun Jane Min, and Christopher Rupar. "Effects of Toxic Metal Contamination in the Tri-State Mining District on the Ecological Community and Human Health: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (September 17, 2020): 6783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186783.
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Although extensive research exists on toxic environments in the Tri-State Mining District (TSMD), there has been a lack of research on how harmful effects in TSMD could affect residents living in those areas. However, quite recently, such research regarding relationships between the health conditions of residents and toxic elements in the TSMD began to grow. The increase of empirical studies means greater complexity of the findings that require a more intricate understanding. To meet the goals of this study, an extensive, systematic review of the literature using PRISMA was conducted. This method resulted in 19 articles that define the harmful effects of the TSMD on the ecology and the physical health of residents. This research found that toxic metals not only negatively impact natural processes in the TSMD environments (fish species reduction, kidney and liver problems, and toxic diet) but also continuously affect the health of residents (high blood Pb and mortality).This study makes a vital contribution building upon the existing outcomes of the correlations between toxic elements in the TSMD areas and the health of residents. Furthermore, conclusions of this study provide updated information to policymakers and health-related professionals by providing adequate and innovative remediations and health-related services in the TSMD.
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Patterson, Cary G., Douglas D. Archbold, J. G. Rodriguez, and Thomas R. Hamilton-Kemp. "Daylength and Resistance of Strawberry Foliage to the Twospotted Spider Mite." HortScience 29, no. 11 (November 1994): 1329–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.11.1329.
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The influence of long and short daylengths on twospotted spider mite (TSSM) (Tetranychus urticae Koch) resistance of strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) foliage was studied. Photoperiods of 8 hours (short daylength) and continuous light (long daylength) altered the seasonal change in susceptibility of `Redchief' strawberry foliage to TSSM. Plants exposed to continuous light rapidly became resistant, those exposed to short daylength remained relatively susceptible, and plants under natural daylength exhibited the seasonal change of slowly increasing resistance. Plants resistant to TSSM under long daylength became susceptible 19 days after being switched to a short daylength. Plants that were switched from short to long daylength changed from TSSM susceptible to resistant. Field-grown plants of `Redchief', a short-day sensitive cultivar, and `Tribute', a day-neutral cultivar, exhibited increasing resistance to TSSM from 2 weeks before bloom until 2 weeks into harvest when greatest resistance was observed. These results suggest that TSSM resistance in strawberry is influenced by daylength and that this effect may be independent of daylength effects on strawberry reproductive development.
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Marques-Francovig, Camila Regina, Adriana Yatie Mikami, Viviane Dutra, Mateus Gimenez Carvalho, Bruno Picareli, and Maurício Ursi Ventura. "Organic fertilization and botanical insecticides to control two-spotted spider mite in strawberry." Ciência Rural 44, no. 11 (November 2014): 1908–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20131575.
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Strawberry fields receive several pesticides spraying and residues in fruits are recurrent. Development and application of methods that avoid applying pesticides mostly during fructification period are imminent needs. Comparison of population of two-sppoted spider mite (TSSM) Tetranychus urticae Koch. in organic and mineral fertilized plants (as used by growers) and treated with alternative products were done. Plants were grown in vessels in a greenhouse infested with local population of TSSM. Extracts of Tephrosia voggeli (Hook), neem oil (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.), and lime sulfur were applied three times against TSSM in ten days intervals. Assessments were done three times after each spraying. Interaction between fertilization and spraying alternatives was also assessed but was not significant. TSSM population was about 44% lesser in organic fertilized plants than those in inorganic fertilized. T. voggeli extracts reduced in large amounts TSSM; neem oil reduced in some assessments and an intermediate reduction was found for sulfur lime. Organic fertilization and T. voggeli extracts are potential strategies to manage TSSM and additional studies are proposed to enable wide utilization
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Ma, Hulin, Weishi Gao, Xiaoxia Sun, and Weixing Wang. "STAT5 and TET2 Cooperate to Regulate FOXP3-TSDR Demethylation in CD4+ T Cells of Patients with Colorectal Cancer." Journal of Immunology Research 2018 (June 14, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6985031.
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The tumor-infiltrating Tregs are linked to colorectal cancer progression and outcome. FOXP3 is regarded as a critical developmental and functional factor for Tregs. FOXP3-TSDR demethylation is required for stable expression of FOXP3 and maintenance of Treg function. In our study, we found specific DNA hypomethylation of FOXP3-TSDR in CD4+ T cells from colon tumor tissues as compared with normal colonic tissues. Moreover, we also found that the expression of STAT5 and TET2 was increased in CD4+ T cells from colon tumor tissues, and the superfluous STAT5 and TET2 binding to FOXP3-TSDR resulted in DNA hypomethylation. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that excessive amounts of STAT5 may bind more TET2 to the FOXP3-TSDR and upregulate FOXP3 expression via DNA demethylation. Our study improved the mechanism of FOXP3-TSDR hypomethylation in tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T cells of CRC patients.
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Sunarto, Sulistiono, and Isdradjad Setyobudiandi. "HUBUNGAN JENIS KEPITING BAKAU (Scylla Spp.) DENGAN MANGROVE DAN SUBSTRAT DI TAMBAK SILVOFISHERY ERETAN, INDRAMAYU (Relationship of Mudcrab (Scylla Spp.) with Mangrove and Substrate in Silvofishery Ponds, Eretan, Indramayu)." Marine Fisheries : Journal of Marine Fisheries Technology and Management 6, no. 1 (September 30, 2016): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jmf.6.1.59-68.
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<p>ABSTRACT<br />Mudcrab is one of the fishery commodity with high economic value in Indonesia. High market and price stimulated the development of the mudcrabs business in this country. The aim of this research was to evaluate interaction between habitat characteristics and the mudcrabs (Scylla spp.) species. The research was conducted in silvofishery ponds of Eretan village, Indramayu, West Java from September-November 2013 and August-September 2014. Sampling was conducted at five stations. They were BDR (Brackishwater dominated Rhizophora sp.), BDA (Brackishwater dominated Avicennia sp.), BCDR (Brackishwater cannal dominated Rhizopora sp.), BCDA (Brackishwater cannal dominated Avicennia sp.) and SMF (Side of the mangrove forest). The result showed there were two species of the mudcrabs Scylla paramamosain and Scylla olivacea. S. paramamosain was dominated than S. olivacea at all stations. Total number of the S. paramamosain was 107 ind (consisted of 67 male and 40 female), while total number of the S. olivacea was 28 ind (consisted of 17 male and 11 female). Composition of the mudcrabs species in each station was 91% S. paramamosain and 9% S. olivacea at BDR, 89% S. paramamosain and 11% S. olivacea at BDA, 86% S. paramamosain and 14% S. olivacea at BCDR, 68% S. paramamosain and 32% S. olivacea at BCDA, 73% S. paramamosain and 27% S. olivacea at SMF. Differences between kinds of mudcrab in each stations showed there are interaction between kinds of mudcrabs with habitat characteristics.</p><p><br />Keywords: Indramayu, mangrove, mudcrabs, substrate,</p><p>-------</p><p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Kepiting bakau (Scylla spp.) merupakan salah satu komoditas perikanan di Indonesia yang bernilai ekonomis tinggi. Luasnya pemasaran dan tingginya nilai jual kepiting bakau membuat bisnis tersebut semakin berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan keberadaan jenis kepiting bakau dengan karakteristik habitatnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari Agustus-November 2013 dan Agustus-September 2014 pada kawasan tambak silvofishery Desa Eretan, Indramayu, Jawa Barat. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada lima stasiun pengamatan diantaranya TSDR (Tambak silvofishery dominan Rhizopora sp.), TSDA (Tambak silvofishery dominan Avicennia sp.), KDR (Kanal dominan Rhizopora sp.), KDA (Kanal dominan Avicennia sp.) dan PHM (Pinggiran hutan mangrove). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua jenis kepiting bakau yaitu Scylla paramamosain dan S. olivacea. Di lokasi penelitian jumlah Scylla paramamosain yang tertangkap sebanyak 107 individu yang terdiri dari 67 jantan dan 40 betina, sedangkan jumlah S. olivacea yang tertangkap sebanyak 28 individu yang terdiri atas 17 jantan dan 11 betina. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada umumnya jumlah S. paramamosain yang tertangkap melebihi S. olivacea. Persentase kepiting bakau yang tertangkap pada tiap stasiun pengamatan yaitu 91% S. paramamosain dan 9% S. olivacea pada TSDR, 89% S. paramamosain dan 11% S. olivacea pada TSDA, 86% S. paramamosain dan 14% S. olivacea pada KDR, 68% S. paramamosain dan 32% S. olivacea pada KDA, 73% S. paramamosain dan 27% S. olivacea pada PHM. Perbedaan jumlah jenis kepiting bakau yang diperoleh pada tiap stasiun penangkapan menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara jenis kepiting bakau dengan habitat hidupnya.</p><p><br />Kata kunci: Indramayu, mangrove, kepiting bakau, substrat,</p>
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Luzin, Vladimir, James Boland, Maxim Avdeev, and Xing Li. "Characterization of Thermally Stable Diamond Composite Material." Materials Science Forum 777 (February 2014): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.777.165.
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Diamond composite materials are being used increasingly in cutting tools for both the mining and manufacturing industries. Except for the low pressure CVD and SPS methods, most SiC based diamond composites are produced under high pressure and high temperature (HPHT). The dominant binder phase is SiC and these composites are classed as thermally stable and are referred to as TSDC (thermally stable diamond composite). TSDC composites are produced by reactive sintering either within the diamond stability field, ~1500°C and ~5.5 GPa, or in the graphite phase field at ~1550°C and ~2 - 3.5 GPa as originally patented by Ringwood. Unlike the traditional polycrystalline diamond composite (PCD) that use Co as the binder phase and operate under restricted temperature conditions, usually less the 800°C, TSDC is Co-free allowing the operational temperature range for TSDC to be extended substantially. Extensive experimental research has been conducted at the CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organization) Rock Cutting Laboratory to assess the quality of TSDC products through a series of in-house tests that have been developed (abrasive wear test, compressive and shear testing) to facilitate their use in the mining industry. The focus is to prevent TSDC from premature failures in drilling and cutting operations. Since the wear resistance and performance in general, of TSDC cutting elements are strongly dependent on the phase composition, phase distribution (microstructures) and phase interaction (microstresses), detailed studies of TSDC have been undertaken using optical, SEM (with EDS and CL), Raman microscopy and radiographic imaging of macro defects as well as x-ray and neutron diffraction. Residual stress measurements were made using the neutron diffractometer Kowari at OPAL research reactor in the diamond and SiC phases in two TSDC samples. The microstresses that developed in these phases as a result of quenching from high sintering pressure and temperature and the mismatch of the thermo-mechanical properties of SiC matrix and diamond inclusions were evaluated. The matrix-inclusion concept has also been used to calculate stress partition in the phases of the TSDC products that can be directly comparable with the experimental data and give clearer interpretation of the experimental results.
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Wang, Yuliang, Tiangai Yan, Lin Ma, and Baoshan Liu. "Effects of the Total Saponins fromDioscorea nipponicaon Immunoregulation in Aplastic Anemia Mice." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 43, no. 02 (January 2015): 289–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x15500196.
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Dioscorea nipponica Makino, a popular folk medicine, exerts anti-inflammation properties. The present study investigated the therapeutic effect of the total saponins from Dioscorea nipponica Makino (TSDN) on aplastic anemia (AA) and possible immune regulation mechanisms. Using a mouse model of AA, three different doses of TSDN were orally administrated for 14 consecutive days. We first demonstrated that TSDN was found to be effective in alleviating pancytopenia with a hypocellular bone marrow as compared with AA model group. Moreover, gastrogavage administration of a medium dose of TSDN was found to dramatically increase the percentage of CD4+cells in bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNC) and restore the CD4+/CD8+ratio. The pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations of IL-2 and IFN-γ were significantly decreased, and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 was significantly increased in culture supernatant of BMNC. Further investigations showed that TSDN obviously inhibited Fas–FasL-induced BMNC apoptosis as well as effectively suppressed intracellular apoptosis protein of caspase-3 and -8 expressions. Taken together, these findings suggested that TSDN could alleviate AA by elevating the CD4+/CD8+T-cell ratio, inhibiting inflammatory Th1-cytokines, and exerting anti-apoptosis effects.
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Zhao, Li Bin, Yuan Wei Li, and Feng Rui Liu. "Taylor Series Numerical Method in Transient Heat Conduction Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 677–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.677.
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Taylor series numerical method (TSNM) is extended to the field of transient heat conduction. Theoretical description of TSNM for transient heat conduction problems is presented. Furthermore, the algorithm is realized and embedded in commercial software ANSYS®. If a lumped mass heat capacity matrix provided, the governing equation of transient heat conduction problems, which is a differential equation, will be solved by a series of recursion calculation of Taylor expanding coefficients. A typical transient heat conduction problem with analytical solution was discussed to verify the TSNM. At last, the TSNM is applied in the transient heat analysis of an all-solid fiber optic gyro (FOG).
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Rodrigo-Yanguas, Maria, Marina Martin-Moratinos, Angela Menendez-Garcia, Carlos Gonzalez-Tardon, Ana Royuela, and Hilario Blasco-Fontecilla. "A Virtual Reality Game (The Secret Trail of Moon) for Treating Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Development and Usability Study." JMIR Serious Games 9, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): e26824. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/26824.
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Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects between 4% and 8% of children worldwide. The treatment of choice is multimodal treatment. Multimodal interventions for ADHD may be improved by incorporating new treatments, such as treatment via serious video games. The Secret Trail of Moon (TSTM) is a virtual reality serious video game that was designed for cognitive training related to core ADHD symptoms and executive dysfunction. Objective We aimed to describe the development and usability of TSTM. Methods The usability study included 37 children and adolescents who tested TSTM during the early usability stage (preinclusion) of a randomized controlled clinical trial for testing the effectiveness of TSTM. Chi-square tests were performed to compare patients with ADHD (ADHD combined subtype vs inattentive subtype) and to compare frequent and infrequent video game players in the second study. We used SPSS version 20 for Macintosh (IBM Corporation). Results A total of 31/37 (86%) and 30/37 (83%) of participants liked playing TSTM and wanted to continue playing TSTM, respectively. Further, 5/37 (14%) of participants reported that they experienced either perceived dizziness or virtual reality motion sickness. We found no statistically significant differences after comparing the ADHD combined subtype to the inattentive subtype and frequent video game players to infrequent video game players. Conclusions Serious video games, such as TSTM, may complement the current multimodal approach for treating ADHD. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04355065; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04355065
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Wali, Safat B., Majid A. Abdullah, Mahammad A. Hannan, Aini Hussain, Salina A. Samad, Pin J. Ker, and Muhamad Bin Mansor. "Vision-Based Traffic Sign Detection and Recognition Systems: Current Trends and Challenges." Sensors 19, no. 9 (May 6, 2019): 2093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19092093.
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The automatic traffic sign detection and recognition (TSDR) system is very important research in the development of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). Investigations on vision-based TSDR have received substantial interest in the research community, which is mainly motivated by three factors, which are detection, tracking and classification. During the last decade, a substantial number of techniques have been reported for TSDR. This paper provides a comprehensive survey on traffic sign detection, tracking and classification. The details of algorithms, methods and their specifications on detection, tracking and classification are investigated and summarized in the tables along with the corresponding key references. A comparative study on each section has been provided to evaluate the TSDR data, performance metrics and their availability. Current issues and challenges of the existing technologies are illustrated with brief suggestions and a discussion on the progress of driver assistance system research in the future. This review will hopefully lead to increasing efforts towards the development of future vision-based TSDR system.
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Sun, Yong, Xing Sheng Li, and Hua Guo. "A Simplified Approach to the Failure Probability Assessment of Thermally Stable Diamond Composite Rock Cutting Tips." Materials Science Forum 976 (January 2020): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.976.62.
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Thermally Stable Diamond Composite (TSDC) has high thermal stability and high wear resistance, and hence is potential to be used as cutting tips for hard rock cutting. Understanding the failure behavior of the TSDC tips during practical rock cutting is a key to enable the TSDC cutting tips to be applied successfully in mining and construction industries. Previous research has shown that the character of random failures due to excessive bending force on TSDC tips is of a major concern, and an approach to estimation of the failure probability of TSDC tips for cutting a rock segment has been developed. However, this approach requires the acquisition of the total cutting length of rock by a tip since it is brand new to it is failed, which can limit the application of the approach. In this paper, a simplified approach is proposed and compared with the existing approach through a numerical case study.
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Ahmed, Zaghloul, and Andrzej Wieraszko. "Trans-spinal direct current enhances corticospinal output and stimulation-evoked release of glutamate analog, D-2,3-3H-aspartic acid." Journal of Applied Physiology 112, no. 9 (May 1, 2012): 1576–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00967.2011.
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Trans-spinal direct current (tsDC) stimulation is a modulator of spinal excitability and can influence cortically elicited muscle contraction in a polarity-dependent fashion. When combined with low-frequency repetitive cortical stimulation, cathodal tsDC [tsDC(−)] produces a long-term facilitation of cortically elicited muscle actions. We investigated the ability of this combined stimulation paradigm to facilitate cortically elicited muscle actions in spinal cord-injured and noninjured animals. The effect of tsDC—applied alone or in combination with repetitive spinal stimulation (rSS) on the release of the glutamate analog, D-2,3-3H-aspartate (D-Asp), from spinal cord preparations in vitro—was also tested. In noninjured animals, tsDC (−2 mA) reproducibly potentiated cortically elicited contractions of contralateral and ipsilateral muscles tested at various levels of baseline muscle contraction forces. Cortically elicited muscle responses in animals with contusive and hemisectioned spinal cord injuries (SCIs) were similarly potentiated. The combined paradigm of stimulation caused long-lasting potentiation of cortically elicited bilateral muscle contraction in injured and noninjured animals. Additional analysis suggests that at higher baseline forces, tsDC(−) application does not increase the rising slope of the muscle contraction but causes repeated firing of the same motor units. Both cathodal and anodal stimulations induced a significant increase of D-Asp release in vitro. The effect of the combined paradigm of stimulation (tsDC and rSS) on the concentration of extracellular D-Asp was polarity dependent. These results indicate that tsDC can powerfully modulate the responsiveness of spinal cord neurons. The results obtained from the in vitro preparation suggest that the changes in neuronal excitability were correlated with an increased concentration of extracellular glutamate. The combined paradigm of stimulation, used in our experiments, could be noninvasively applied to restore motor control in humans with SCI.
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Yan, Man Fu, and Jiu Hai Wang. "Improvement of Transductive Support Vector Machine and its Application to Enhance Antifreeze Heat Transfer Capability in Ground Source Heat Pump System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 4349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.4349.
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To solve the problem of enhancing the heat transfer capability of antifreeze mixture in a ground source heat pump system, the existing Transductive Support Vector Machine (TSVM) model was updated into an improved TSVM model. Also, a new method of mixed antifreeze heat transfer capability classification was given in the paper by analyzing antifreeze [1] heat transfer capability of the ground source heat pump system and applying the improved TSVM model.
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Liu, Yulian, Qiuji Sun, Xiaotian Zhang, and Yiwei Wu. "Research on the Scheduling Problem of Movie Scenes." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2019 (February 3, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3737105.
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The scheduling problem of movie scenes refers to the reasonable ordering of the shooting sequence of the scene, thereby minimizing the total cost of the movie scenes. This paper considers the factors affecting the cost of movie scenes shooting in the real world and constructs an integer linear programming model. A tabu search based method (TSBM) and a particle swarm optimization based method (PSOBM) are designed to solve larger-scale problems. Numerical experiments show that both TSBM and PSOBM are suitable for solving small-scale movie scenes scheduling problem. Moreover, through the comparison experiments between TSBM and PSOBM, it is verified that the TSBM can effectively solve the large-scale movie scenes scheduling problem.
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VANEREK, ALOIS, JIMMY JONG, YOUNG-IL JEONG, FRANÇOISE FOREL, and JOSÉ-ANTONIO ORCCOTOMA. "Two-sided drainage handsheet machine." TAPPI Journal 11, no. 5 (June 1, 2012): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj11.5.9.
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A new Two-Sided Drainage Handsheet Machine (TSDHM) was developed and compared to the Standard British Handsheet Machine (Standard Machine). The results show that fines and filler distribution in handsheets produced in the one-sided drainage mode by the TSDHM closely mimics the fines and filler distribution of the Standard Machine. When the drainage was reversed on the TSDHM from the classical 100% bottom to 100% top, the fines and filler profiles in the handsheets could be reverted. The two-sided drainage mode on the TSDHM can produce fines and filler profiles across the paper thickness that are completely different from the one-sided drainage mode. These profiles are more representative of top and twin-wire formers.
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Zimnoch, Miroslaw, Filip Morawski, Tadeusz Kuc, Lucyna Samek, Jakub Bartyzel, Zbigniew Gorczyca, Alicja Skiba, and Kazimierz Rozanski. "Summer–winter contrast in carbon isotope and elemental composition of total suspended particulate matter in the urban atmosphere of Krakow, Southern Poland." Nukleonika 65, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2020-0029.
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AbstractThe city of Krakow located in southern Poland ranks among the most polluted urban agglomerations in Europe. There are persisting controversies with respect to impact of different pollution sources operating in Krakow agglomeration on air quality within the city. The presented pilot study was aimed at exploring the possibilities offered by elemental and carbon isotope composition of total suspended particulate matter (TSPM) for better characterization of its sources in Krakow atmosphere. The analyses of carbon isotope composition of total carbon in the investigated TSPM samples were supplemented by parallel analyses of radiocarbon content in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). This study revealed large seasonal variability of carbon isotope composition in the analysed TSPM samples. This large variability reflects seasonally varying contribution of different sources of fossil and modern carbon to the TSPM pool. The elemental composition of TSPM also reveals distinct seasonal variability of the analysed elements, reflecting varying mixture of natural and anthropogenic sources of those elements. A linear relationship between the fossil carbon load in the TSPM samples and the fossil carbon load in the atmospheric CO2 was found, pointing to the presence of additional source of anthropogenic carbonaceous particles not associated with burning of fossil fuels. Wearing of tyres and asphalt pavement is most probably the main source of such particles.
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Lancaster, Aaron L., Dennis E. Deyton, Carl E. Sams, John C. Cummins, Charles D. Pless, and Donna C. Fare. "Soybean Oil Controls Two-Spotted Spider Mites on Burning Bush." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 20, no. 2 (June 1, 2002): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-20.2.86.
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Abstract Summer sprays of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) oil were evaluated for efficacy against two spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch) (TSSM) on burning bush (Euonymus alatus Thunb.). Single sprays of 1, 2, or 3% soybean oil or 1% SunSpray reduced TSSM populations by 97–99% compared to water-sprayed controls. Single sprays of 2 or 3% soybean oil were not phytotoxic but suppressed photosynthesis for a short time. In a second experiment, a single spray of 0.75, 1.0, or 1.5% soybean oil reduced the TSSM population by > 95%, compared to the water control. A second spraying of 0.25–1.5% soybean oil resulted in ≥ 93% control of TSSM compared to the water control. A third spray provided little additional TSSM control. Predaceous mites were not initially disrupted by a single spray of soybean oil or SunSpray Ultra-fine spray oil. A single spray of ≤ 1.5% soybean did not significantly reduce photosynthesis. Soybean oil had efficacy against TSSM similar to that of SunSpray and had similar effects on photosynthesis. Soybean oil was less phytotoxic and caused less defoliation of stressed plants than did SunSpray in one experiment but not in two other experiments. Results show that soybean oil could be used in an integrated pest management program for managing spider mites on ornamentals.
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da Silva Santana, Cesar Augusto, Colm Lordan, and Anne Marie Power. "Theoretical size at the onset of maturity and its density-dependent variability as an option in crustacean fisheries management." ICES Journal of Marine Science 78, no. 4 (March 12, 2021): 1421–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsab040.
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Abstract Theoretical size at the onset of maturity (TSOM) for female Norway lobster was estimated by a new methodology based on the probability distributions of mature individuals built on physiological maturity measures. Onset of maturity using TSOM varied from 18.4- to 33.7-mm carapace length for the Irish functional management units (FUs). These estimates showed a significant negative linear relationship (R2 = 0.60) with population density and a significant positive linear relationship with average size in females (R2 = 0.84). The size class at which 50% of the females are sexually mature (L50) was linked to the new TSOM metric by a significant positive linear relationship (R2 = 0.40). This set of linear relationships ultimately allowed TSOM and L50 to be estimated without a requirement for maturity stages to be distinguished. As well as contributing to the stock assessment and management of Nephrops (e.g. in data-limited FUs) and its potential for the calibration of more routinely used estimates, TSOM might be applied in new species and meta-analyses where size of maturity data are scarce. This new metric also better-defines the maturity process since, taken together, TSOM, L50, and smallest berried female represent sequential maturity events: (i) onset of maturity, (ii) 50% mature (from gonad staging), and (iii) berried females.
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Xu, Ling, Jiaxiong Tan, Yikai Zhang, Jing Lai, Yuhong Lu, Danlin Yao, Zhenyi Jin, et al. "The Distribution of T Memory Stem Cells in Cord Blood, Peripheral Blood from Healthy Individuals and Patients with Leukemia/Lymphoma." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 3376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.3376.3376.
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Abstract Human T memory stem cells (TSCM) are a unique memory T cell subset with enhanced self-renewal capacity and the ability to differentiate into potent effectors could be valuable weapons in adoptive T-cell therapy against cancer. The distribution of TSCM cells in umbilical cord blood and leukemia/lymphoma remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the distribution of TSCM and other memory T (TM) subsets in the cord blood (CB) (n = 11), peripheral blood (PB) of lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (LL) (n = 7), Myeloid leukemia (ML) (n = 7) as well as healthy individual (HI) (n = 16) by multicolor flow cytometry. There were high percentage of CD4+ TSCM and CD8+ TSCM in CB group than that in HI-PB, however, fewer CD4+T central memory (TCM), CD4+T effector memory (TEM), CD8+ TEM and CD8+ terminal effector (TE) cells in CB group than in HI-PB (Figure 1). When compared LL or ML group with HI group, there was an increase in the CD4+ TSCM in the ML group, while the frequencies of TCM, TEM, or TE were similar. However, the percentage of memory T cell subsets in patient group was quite disperse, for example, CD4+ TSCM could range from 0.35% to 6.52% (LL) and from 0.67% to 3.71%(ML), the percentage of CD8+ TSCM could even reach to 10.43% and 7.62% in LL and ML group respectively, the same dispersion also exist in other T cell subsets of patient group but not in the blood and cord blood from HI. According to individually analyze distribution of T cell subsets in each patients, a higher percentage of CD4+ TSCM was detected in a B-ALL patient in the LL group comparing with HI, combined with significant lower percentage of CD4+ TCM, TEM and TE (Figure 2 A, L3), similar distribution pattern of CD8 T cell subsets also detected in the same B-ALL patient (Figure 2B, L3). Interesting, a case with BCR-ABL+ B-ALL include in this study showed a relative normal distribution pattern (Figure 2 A and B, L5). There were four patients in LL group showed a relative higher percentage of CD8+ TCM (Figure 2 B, L1, L2, L4 and L6), while two of them followed with quite lower TE in PB (Figure 2 B, L2 and 6). In the ML group, relative higher CD4+ TSCM combined with lower TEM was also detected in a case with AML-M5 (Figure 2 C, ML-3). In terms of CD8 T cell subsets distribution in ML group, we found two patients with AML-M5 possessing a higher CD8+ TSCM proportion compare with HI and other patients in ML group (Figure 2 D, ML-2 and 3). In conclusion, we characterized the distribution of different memory T cell subsets in healthy CB and PB, the reason of high percentage of TSCM in CB is needed further investigation. In addition, the higher CD4+ TSCM detected in ML group and individual cases of LL group may related to the leukemia antigens they encountered, whether such a characteristic would impact their prognostic worth further investigation. Overall, the distribution of TSCM and other memory T cell subsets in blood between healthy and leukemia is not shown obviously difference, while, the large difference among individual patients reflect the various immunosuppression degree and immune reaction ability to tumor antigens. To characterize the relationship between distribution pattern of TSCM and TM cells and immune status of patients will benefit to developing more suitable individually immune treatment strategies. Acknowledgments: The study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81270604, U1301226, and 81400109), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2013M540685), Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (Nos. S2013040016151 and S2013020012863), the Foundation for High-level Talents in Higher Education of Guangdong, China (No. [2013]246-54), and the Guangzhou Science and Technology Project Foundation (201510010211). Figure 1 Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 2. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Sun, Yong, Xing Sheng Li, and Hua Guo. "Influence of Roof Rock Thickness on the Failure Probability of Thermally Stable Diamond Composite Rock Cutting Tips." Key Engineering Materials 878 (March 2021): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.878.98.
Full textAbstract:
Thermally Stable Diamond Composite (TSDC) has been used to make rock cutting tips to tackle the challenges of high cutting temperature and high abrasiveness met in hard rock cutting. Various research has been conducted to investigate the failure behaviour and predict the failure risk of the TSDC tips in real rock cutting operations. Based on the scenario of roadway development in underground coal mines, a series studies have been carried out to estimate the probability of TSDC tip sudden failure suffered from randomly occurring excessive bending force, which is one of major failure modes of the TSDC tips. This study aims to improve estimation accuracy of the failure probability by removing the constraint on roof rock thickness that has been adopted in existing research.
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Cieri, Nicoletta, Giacomo Oliveira, Raffaella Greco, Mattia Forcato, Cristian Taccioli, Beatrice Cianciotti, Veronica Valtolina, et al. "Generation of human memory stem T cells after haploidentical T-replete hematopoietic stem cell transplantation." Blood 125, no. 18 (April 30, 2015): 2865–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2014-11-608539.
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Key Points TSCM lymphocytes are preferentially generated from naive precursors in vivo early after haploidentical HSCT. TSCM represent relevant novel players in the diversification of immunological memory after haploidentical HSCT.
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Russell, Brenda L., and Debra Oswald. "When Sexism Cuts Both Ways." Men and Masculinities 19, no. 5 (July 26, 2016): 524–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x15602745.
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This study explored whether tolerance of sexual harassment of men (TSHM) is driven by a common set of sexist ideologies typically found to be related to tolerance of sexual harassment of women. University students ( N = 433) completed a modified version of the Sexual Harassment Attitude Scale (SHAS) designed to measure TSHM. Predictor variables included sexual harassment myths about women, modern sexism, hostile, and benevolent sexism toward men and women and participant gender. A factor analysis of the measure revealed two reliable factors (sexual harassment as flirtation and minimization of victimization). With the exception of benevolence toward women, men scored higher on all measures of sexism and TSHM, yet correlational patterns showed a similar trend among men and women, suggesting a shared ideological belief that justifies TSHM. Despite differences in participant sex on most measures, participant sex was not a significant moderating variable in regression analyses when examining factors relating to TSHM. These results provide support that tolerance of sexual harassment is driven by a common set of sexist attitudes.
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Xu, Yilu, Jing Hua, Hua Zhang, Ronghua Hu, Xin Huang, Jizhong Liu, and Fumin Guo. "Improved Transductive Support Vector Machine for a Small Labelled Set in Motor Imagery-Based Brain-Computer Interface." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2019 (November 25, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2087132.
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Long and tedious calibration time hinders the development of motor imagery- (MI-) based brain-computer interface (BCI). To tackle this problem, we use a limited labelled set and a relatively large unlabelled set from the same subject for training based on the transductive support vector machine (TSVM) framework. We first introduce an improved TSVM (ITSVM) method, in which a comprehensive feature of each sample consists of its common spatial patterns (CSP) feature and its geometric feature. Moreover, we use the concave-convex procedure (CCCP) to solve the optimization problem of TSVM under a new balancing constraint that can address the unknown distribution of the unlabelled set by considering various possible distributions. In addition, we propose an improved self-training TSVM (IST-TSVM) method that can iteratively perform CSP feature extraction and ITSVM classification using an expanded labelled set. Extensive experimental results on dataset IV-a from BCI competition III and dataset II-a from BCI competition IV show that our algorithms outperform the other competing algorithms, where the sizes and distributions of the labelled sets are variable. In particular, IST-TSVM provides average accuracies of 63.25% and 69.43% with the abovementioned two datasets, respectively, where only four positive labelled samples and sixteen negative labelled samples are used. Therefore, our algorithms can provide an alternative way to reduce the calibration time.
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Cieri, Nicoletta, Barbara Camisa, Fabienne Cocchiarella, Mattia Forcato, Giacomo Oliveira, Elena Provasi, Attilio Bondanza, et al. "IL-7 and IL-15 instruct the generation of human memory stem T cells from naive precursors." Blood 121, no. 4 (January 24, 2013): 573–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2012-05-431718.
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Abstract Long-living memory stem T cells (TSCM) with the ability to self-renew and the plasticity to differentiate into potent effectors could be valuable weapons in adoptive T-cell therapy against cancer. Nonetheless, procedures to specifically target this T-cell population remain elusive. Here, we show that it is possible to differentiate in vitro, expand, and gene modify in clinically compliant conditions CD8+ TSCM lymphocytes starting from naive precursors. Requirements for the generation of this T-cell subset, described as CD62L+CCR7+CD45RA+CD45R0+IL-7Rα+CD95+, are CD3/CD28 engagement and culture with IL-7 and IL-15. Accordingly, TSCM accumulates early after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The gene expression signature and functional phenotype define this population as a distinct memory T-lymphocyte subset, intermediate between naive and central memory cells. When transplanted in immunodeficient mice, gene-modified naive-derived TSCM prove superior to other memory lymphocytes for the ability to expand and differentiate into effectors able to mediate a potent xenogeneic GVHD. Furthermore, gene-modified TSCM are the only T-cell subset able to expand and mediate GVHD on serial transplantation, suggesting self-renewal capacity in a clinically relevant setting. These findings provide novel insights into the origin and requirements for TSCM generation and pave the way for their clinical rapid exploitation in adoptive cell therapy.