Dissertations / Theses: 'TSD'

1

Shrestha, Shivesh. "Development of structural condition thresholds for TSD measurements." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78039.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis presents (a) results of a field evaluation of the Traffic Speed Deflectometer (TSD) in the United States (b) deflection thresholds to classify the pavement structural condition obtained from the TSD for a small subset of the Pennsylvania secondary road network. The results of the field evaluation included: (1) repeatability of the TSD, (2) ability of the TSD to identify pavement sections with varying structural conditions, and (3) consistency between the structural number (SNeff) calculated from the TSD and SNeff calculated by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT). The results showed consistent error standard deviation in the TSD measurements and that the TSD was able to identify pavement sections that varied in structural condition. Comparison of the SNeff calculated with TSD measurements, using an empirically developed equation by Rohde, with the SNeff calculated by PennDOT’s Pavement Management System based on construction history showed similar trends, although the TSD-calculated SNeff was higher. In order to develop deflection thresholds, a model that related the pavement surface condition to pavement surface age and structural condition was developed. Structural condition thresholds were then selected so that the pavement surface condition predicted from the model for a 10-year-old pavement surface fell within one of the three condition categories (Good, Fair, and Poor), to identify pavements in good, fair and poor condition. With Overall Pavement Index(OPI) characterizing the surface condition and Deflection Slope Index(DSI) characterizing the structural condition, the DSI threshold that separates structurally good from structurally fair pavements was determined as follows: (1) the OPI threshold that separates pavements with good surface condition from those with fair surface condition was obtained from the Pennsylvania Pavement Management System (PMS) and (2) the DSI thresholds were calculated using the determined OPI value and the model equation. Master of Science This thesis presents (a) some of the results of a field evaluation of the Traffic Speed Deflectometer (TSD) in the United States (b) deflection thresholds to classify the pavement structural condition obtained from the TSD for a small subset of the Pennsylvania secondary road network. The results of the field evaluation included: (1) repeatability of the TSD: which is the variation in repeated TSD measurements on the same section of the road, (2) ability of the TSD to identify pavement sections with varying structural conditions, and (3) consistency between the structural number (SNeff) calculated from the TSD and SNeff calculated by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT). The pavement structural number is an abstract number expressing the structural strength of the pavement. The results showed that the TSD measurements were repeatable and that the TSD was able to identify pavement sections that varied in structural condition. Comparison of the SNeff calculated with TSD measurements, using an empirically developed equation by Rohde, with the SNeff calculated by PennDOT Pavement Management System based on construction history showed similar trends, although the TSD-calculated SNeff was higher. In order to develop deflection thresholds to categorize pavements in different condition: good, fair and poor, a model that related the pavement surface condition to pavement surface age and structural condition was developed. Structural condition thresholds were then selected so that the pavement surface condition predicted from the model for a 10-year-old pavement surface fell within one of the three condition categories (Good, Fair, and Poor), to identify pavements in good, fair and poor condition. With Overall Pavement Index(OPI) characterizing the surface condition and Deflection Slope Index(DSI) characterizing the structural condition, the DSI threshold that separates structurally good from structurally fair pavements was determined as follows: (1) the OPI threshold that separates pavements with good surface condition from those with fair surface condition was obtained from the Pennsylvania Pavement Management System (PMS) and (2) the DSI thresholds were calculated using the determined OPI value and the model equation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Roush, Danielle Marie. "Review of Genetic and Maternal Effects on TSD in Reptiles and Identification of Population Differentiation in Putative TSD Genes in Chelydra serpentina." Thesis, The University of North Dakota, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10814732.

Full text

Abstract:

Variation in sex ratio among clutches of eggs from different females is common in reptiles with TSD, but the mechanisms that cause this variation are unknown. In an effort to shed light on these mechanisms, we first critically review literature that examines variation in temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) within species. Genetic variation in TSD and maternal effects on TSD are two major mechanisms that have received attention. We outline the types of experiments and data required to demonstrate that a) genetic variation, b) maternally derived steroids, or c) both factors influence variation in sex ratio among clutches. Next, we compare allele frequencies between populations of Chelydra serpentina that differ in thermosensitivity of sex determination and identify population differentiation in putative TSD genes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Robert, Kylie Anne. "Temperature-dependent sex determination in the viviparous lizard Eulamprus tympanum." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/557.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract There are a remarkable variety of sex determination systems among different animal taxa. In most animals, sex is determined chromosomally. Although in an increasing number of animals sex determination has been found to be influenced primarily by the environment. Species with genotypic sex determination (GSD) have their sex determined at the time of fertilization, by genetic factors alone and those with environmental sex determination (ESD) have their sex determined by environmental factors that act after fertilization. Temperature-dependent Sex Determination (TSD), whereby the sex of the developing embryos depends on the temperature at which they develop is widespread in oviparous reptiles and occurs in all crocodilians, marine turtles and tuatara examined to date and is common in many freshwater turtles and lizards. SECTION ONE Temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) was never expected to occur in viviparous reptiles, as thermoregulation by pregnant females would result in relatively stable gestation temperatures. Temperature-dependent sex determination and viviparity goes against all the basic assumptions that TSD occurs in oviparous reptiles where temperatures within a nest vary widely. However, skewed sex ratios as a result of incubation temperature indicated the possibility of TSD in the viviparous lizard Eulamprus tympanum. In my first experiments I show the first recorded case of a viviparous reptile with TSD. The developing embryos of the viviparous skink E. tympanum are subject to TSD, with gestation temperature having a highly significant effect on sex and warmer temperatures giving rise to male offspring (Chapter 1). Sex is fully determined at the time of birth and can be differentiated histologically into testes or ovaries (Chapter 2). The morphology and histological characteristics of the gonads of neonatal E. tympanum resulting from the treatment temperatures described in chapter 1 illustrate that sex in E. tympanum is easily distinguished at the time of birth and corresponds with the presence or absence of hemipenes. Males are histologically characterised by an elongated gonad consisting of seminiferous tubules with either no cortical epithelium or, if present at all, in a very thin band. If they are present, Mϋllerian ducts, showing signs of degeneration, are attached to the kidney by a shortened mesosalpinx. Females are histologically characterised by an irregularly shaped gonad consisting of a thick cortical epithelium that occasionally contains oocytes. The Mϋllerian ducts are obvious structures attached to the kidney by a fibrous mesosalpinx. The presence or absence of hemipenes is a reliable technique for determining sex in newborn E. tympanum. Sex determination is easiest to perform on neonates within the first few days of birth as hemipenes become increasingly difficult to evert as neonates age, however, with practice they are easily identified without full eversion. SECTION TWO The thermal biology of E. tympanum in the field is restricted by both the thermal properties of their habitat (Chapter 3) and behavioural modifications when faced with a predation threat (Chapter 4). The available temperatures in the field suggest that TSD is biologically relevant in the species and not just a laboratory artefact; E. tympanum can attain mean selected temperatures achieved in the laboratory but the proportion of time at the temperature is restricted. Females actively thermoregulate in the field, although they are restricted in their efficiency of thermoregulation by environmental constraints, for example, microhabitat structure, weather conditions, predator avoidance and social ranking. The highly territorial nature and high densities of E. tympanum present in Kanangra Boyd National Park potentially force less dominant individuals into less favourable habitats that are significantly cooler. An important point is that gravid females in more favourable habitats in the period encompassing the middle third of development (the assumed sex determining period) are selecting higher temperatures, with lower variance and have greater thermoregulatory efficiency than during the rest of pregnancy, therefore, thermoregulating more precisely during this thermosensitive period (Chapter 3). Chemosensory cues provide important information on the risk of predation. Hence, chemoreception is a common mechanism used by many species to detect the presence of, and subsequently respond to, a potential predator. The perceived risk of predation may force retreat to sub-optimal conditions, forcing a trade-off between the risk of predation and the ability to acquire resources. The basking regime maintained by gravid female E. tympanum, can directly alter sex ratios of offspring produced through temperature-dependent sex determination (Chapter 1). The avoidance of predator scents may restrict basking ability and in turn alter the sex of offspring produced. I measured responsiveness to chemical cues using tongue flicks as an indicator of chemical discrimination in females of different reproductive condition. I then measured activity and basking behaviour of gravid and non-gravid females in experimental enclosures in the presence of various chemical stimuli to determine if basking opportunity is compromised by the presence of a predator scent. Females respond differently depending upon reproductive condition, with gravid females responding most significantly to a predator scent. Activity, basking frequency, and time spent in the open (basking duration) are significantly reduced in gravid females in the presence of a predator stimulus. Under laboratory conditions, gravid females modify their behaviour and forego the opportunity to bask when there is a perceived predation risk (Chapter 4). SECTION THREE As female viviparous reptiles can regulate the temperature of the embryo by maternal temperature selection (Chapter 1), the occurrence of TSD in E. tympanum opens the possibility for females to select the sex of offspring. Reproducing females may benefit by facultatively adjusting their investment into sons over daughters or vice versa, in response to population wide shifts in adult sex ratios. Female E. tympanum, can manipulate the sex of their offspring in response to sex imbalances in the population using temperature-dependent sex determination (Chapter 5). When adult males are scarce, females produce male-biased litters and when adult males are common, females produce female-biased litters. The cues used by a female to assess the adult population are not known, but presumably depends upon the female's experience throughout the breeding season and is the subject of further investigation (Chapter 6). The maternal manipulation of offspring sex ratio in E. tympanum suggests a selective advantage of temperature-dependent sex determination. Any facultative sex ratio response needs to recognise the scarcity of one sex in order to overproduce that sex in the next generation; offspring sex ratio will vary inversely with adult sex ratio. Maternal sex allocation in E. tympanum is linked with population (or adult) sex ratio (Chapter 5), and one of the mechanisms by which females recognise an imbalance may be linked to visual recognition of males (Chapter 6). Females maintained throughout pregnancy without any male stimulus produce entirely male offspring (Chapter 5). In contrast females exposed to male stimulus produce both sexes (Chapter 5). Females respond differently to varying degrees of male stimulus and visual recognition of males in a population may be more important than chemoreception. In the absence of visual cues, females produce more male offspring, even when chemosensory cues are present (Chapter 6). The study system presented here offers many advantages over oviparous species with TSD, due to E. tympanum being relatively short lived and fast maturing. Thus, the fitness consequences over multiple generations as a result of gestation can be investigated. Viviparity allows maternal control of embryonic temperature during gestation and a means of maternal sex allocation. Until now the maternal side of TSD and sex allocation has been where the mother deposits her eggs and the allocation of sex steroid hormones at oviposition, both of which have been difficult to study. The work presented and the study system itself should inspire great interest in TSD and viviparous reptiles.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Robert, Kylie Anne. "Temperature-dependent sex determination in the viviparous lizard Eulamprus tympanum." University of Sydney. Biological Science, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/557.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract There are a remarkable variety of sex determination systems among different animal taxa. In most animals, sex is determined chromosomally. Although in an increasing number of animals sex determination has been found to be influenced primarily by the environment. Species with genotypic sex determination (GSD) have their sex determined at the time of fertilization, by genetic factors alone and those with environmental sex determination (ESD) have their sex determined by environmental factors that act after fertilization. Temperature-dependent Sex Determination (TSD), whereby the sex of the developing embryos depends on the temperature at which they develop is widespread in oviparous reptiles and occurs in all crocodilians, marine turtles and tuatara examined to date and is common in many freshwater turtles and lizards. SECTION ONE Temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) was never expected to occur in viviparous reptiles, as thermoregulation by pregnant females would result in relatively stable gestation temperatures. Temperature-dependent sex determination and viviparity goes against all the basic assumptions that TSD occurs in oviparous reptiles where temperatures within a nest vary widely. However, skewed sex ratios as a result of incubation temperature indicated the possibility of TSD in the viviparous lizard Eulamprus tympanum. In my first experiments I show the first recorded case of a viviparous reptile with TSD. The developing embryos of the viviparous skink E. tympanum are subject to TSD, with gestation temperature having a highly significant effect on sex and warmer temperatures giving rise to male offspring (Chapter 1). Sex is fully determined at the time of birth and can be differentiated histologically into testes or ovaries (Chapter 2). The morphology and histological characteristics of the gonads of neonatal E. tympanum resulting from the treatment temperatures described in chapter 1 illustrate that sex in E. tympanum is easily distinguished at the time of birth and corresponds with the presence or absence of hemipenes. Males are histologically characterised by an elongated gonad consisting of seminiferous tubules with either no cortical epithelium or, if present at all, in a very thin band. If they are present, M�llerian ducts, showing signs of degeneration, are attached to the kidney by a shortened mesosalpinx. Females are histologically characterised by an irregularly shaped gonad consisting of a thick cortical epithelium that occasionally contains oocytes. The M�llerian ducts are obvious structures attached to the kidney by a fibrous mesosalpinx. The presence or absence of hemipenes is a reliable technique for determining sex in newborn E. tympanum. Sex determination is easiest to perform on neonates within the first few days of birth as hemipenes become increasingly difficult to evert as neonates age, however, with practice they are easily identified without full eversion. SECTION TWO The thermal biology of E. tympanum in the field is restricted by both the thermal properties of their habitat (Chapter 3) and behavioural modifications when faced with a predation threat (Chapter 4). The available temperatures in the field suggest that TSD is biologically relevant in the species and not just a laboratory artefact; E. tympanum can attain mean selected temperatures achieved in the laboratory but the proportion of time at the temperature is restricted. Females actively thermoregulate in the field, although they are restricted in their efficiency of thermoregulation by environmental constraints, for example, microhabitat structure, weather conditions, predator avoidance and social ranking. The highly territorial nature and high densities of E. tympanum present in Kanangra Boyd National Park potentially force less dominant individuals into less favourable habitats that are significantly cooler. An important point is that gravid females in more favourable habitats in the period encompassing the middle third of development (the assumed sex determining period) are selecting higher temperatures, with lower variance and have greater thermoregulatory efficiency than during the rest of pregnancy, therefore, thermoregulating more precisely during this thermosensitive period (Chapter 3). Chemosensory cues provide important information on the risk of predation. Hence, chemoreception is a common mechanism used by many species to detect the presence of, and subsequently respond to, a potential predator. The perceived risk of predation may force retreat to sub-optimal conditions, forcing a trade-off between the risk of predation and the ability to acquire resources. The basking regime maintained by gravid female E. tympanum, can directly alter sex ratios of offspring produced through temperature-dependent sex determination (Chapter 1). The avoidance of predator scents may restrict basking ability and in turn alter the sex of offspring produced. I measured responsiveness to chemical cues using tongue flicks as an indicator of chemical discrimination in females of different reproductive condition. I then measured activity and basking behaviour of gravid and non-gravid females in experimental enclosures in the presence of various chemical stimuli to determine if basking opportunity is compromised by the presence of a predator scent. Females respond differently depending upon reproductive condition, with gravid females responding most significantly to a predator scent. Activity, basking frequency, and time spent in the open (basking duration) are significantly reduced in gravid females in the presence of a predator stimulus. Under laboratory conditions, gravid females modify their behaviour and forego the opportunity to bask when there is a perceived predation risk (Chapter 4). SECTION THREE As female viviparous reptiles can regulate the temperature of the embryo by maternal temperature selection (Chapter 1), the occurrence of TSD in E. tympanum opens the possibility for females to select the sex of offspring. Reproducing females may benefit by facultatively adjusting their investment into sons over daughters or vice versa, in response to population wide shifts in adult sex ratios. Female E. tympanum, can manipulate the sex of their offspring in response to sex imbalances in the population using temperature-dependent sex determination (Chapter 5). When adult males are scarce, females produce male-biased litters and when adult males are common, females produce female-biased litters. The cues used by a female to assess the adult population are not known, but presumably depends upon the female�s experience throughout the breeding season and is the subject of further investigation (Chapter 6). The maternal manipulation of offspring sex ratio in E. tympanum suggests a selective advantage of temperature-dependent sex determination. Any facultative sex ratio response needs to recognise the scarcity of one sex in order to overproduce that sex in the next generation; offspring sex ratio will vary inversely with adult sex ratio. Maternal sex allocation in E. tympanum is linked with population (or adult) sex ratio (Chapter 5), and one of the mechanisms by which females recognise an imbalance may be linked to visual recognition of males (Chapter 6). Females maintained throughout pregnancy without any male stimulus produce entirely male offspring (Chapter 5). In contrast females exposed to male stimulus produce both sexes (Chapter 5). Females respond differently to varying degrees of male stimulus and visual recognition of males in a population may be more important than chemoreception. In the absence of visual cues, females produce more male offspring, even when chemosensory cues are present (Chapter 6). The study system presented here offers many advantages over oviparous species with TSD, due to E. tympanum being relatively short lived and fast maturing. Thus, the fitness consequences over multiple generations as a result of gestation can be investigated. Viviparity allows maternal control of embryonic temperature during gestation and a means of maternal sex allocation. Until now the maternal side of TSD and sex allocation has been where the mother deposits her eggs and the allocation of sex steroid hormones at oviposition, both of which have been difficult to study. The work presented and the study system itself should inspire great interest in TSD and viviparous reptiles.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Haidari, Bahaman, and Isak Holm. "Verifiering av ERTMS-signalprojektering : Tillämpning mot Estland." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknik och hälsa (STH), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-168946.

Full text

Abstract:

Inom EU finns ett regelverk som strävar efter interoperabilitet att det ska vara lätt att kunna resa och göra affärer mellan alla nationer inom EU utan att behöva vare sig byta tåg eller förare. Denna rapport specificerar de olika lagar och regler som utfärdats och specificerats av EU kommissionen och UNISIG samt det svenska nationella regelverket som gäller för ERTMS-signalprojekteringen för markutrustning. Idag finns ett behov av att effektivisera signalprojekteringen eftersom det finns flera pågående och kommande projekt. För att nå detta kommer en checklista för signalprojektering tas fram som tydligt ska visa exempelvis var en balis i förhållande till en signalpunktstavla ska placeras genom att hänvisa till korrekt delkapitel i respektive dokument. Uppdraget med examensarbetet är att det ska bli enklare att verifiera ERTMS-signalprojekteringen på helt nya sträckor i Sverige och internationellt. Detta är något som ännu inte är standardiserat. För att detta ska vara möjligt görs studier om TSD och SUBSET (de dokument som styr och reglerar ERTMS signalering) och relevanta dokument samt analys av några redan genomförda signalprojekteringar på Ådalsbanan. I rapporten presenteras en sammanställning av signalprojektering och hur de olika faserna ska ske, hur de ska genomföras och vad de har för betydelse. Arbetet har resulterat i en sammanställning och analys av det mest relevanta fakta som gruppen hittat i de behandlade dokumenten samt en checklista för signalprojektering. I denna rapport har gruppen producerat en komplett sammanställning av de behandlade dokumenten för ERTMS-signalprojektering samt en checklista för verifiering av ERTMS-signalprojektering. EU has a framework that strives to interoperability to make it easy to travel and do business with all nations in the EU without the need to change trains or drivers. This report discribes the various laws and regulations that issued and specified by the EU Commission, UNISIG and the Swedish national rules that apply for ERTMS signalling project planning for trackside equipment. Today there is a need to more efficient the signal project planning. To achieve this, a checklist for signaling project planning will be developed that clear show, for example, where an Eurobalise in relation to a signal point should be located by referring to the correct subchapter in the right document. The mission of the project is to make it easier to design new production of ERTMS signalling project planning. To make this be possible studies has been done to TSI, SUBSET (the documents that controls and regulates the ERTMS signalling), relevant documents and analysis already implemented signalling project planning on Ådallines. The report presents a compilation of the signal project and how the different phases will occur, how they will be implemented and their significance. In this report, the group has produced a complete compilation of the processed documents for ERTMS signalling project and a checklist for verification of the ERTMS signalling project.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Martínez, Miraval Mihály André. "Una propuesta para articular área y medida usando la TSD, en alumnos de nivel superior." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/6113.

Full text

Abstract:

Esta tesis tiene como objetivo analizar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes de primer ciclo de la carrera de Administración de una universidad de Lima, al trabajar una secuencia didáctica, mediada por el GeoGebra, que los lleve a modificar y a manipular un procedimiento flexible con rectángulos, que les permita adquirir la noción de que pueden aproximarse tanto como quieran a la medida de un área, limitada bajo ciertas condiciones, y expresar dicha aproximación como la adición de las medidas de las áreas de cada uno de los rectángulos. Debido a que los estudiantes conocen fórmulas de geometría y procedimientos de cálculo para obtener la medida de áreas poligonales, pero desconocen cómo determinar la medida de un área no poligonal o qué procedimiento emplear para aproximarse a dicha medida, nos planteamos responder a partir de nuestra investigación la siguiente interrogante: ¿Una secuencia didáctica, mediada por el GeoGebra, permitirá articular la concepción que tiene los estudiantes acerca de la medida del área, como un número asociado al área obtenido mediante fórmulas de geometría, y un procedimiento flexible que permita aproximar ese número tanto como se quiera y expresar dicha aproximación como una adición de términos? Para esta investigación hemos elegido como referencial teórico algunos aspectos de la Teoría de las Situaciones Didácticas de Brousseau (1986) tanto para el diseño como el análisis suscitado por la situación didáctica diseñada para esta investigación y que está centrada en el objeto matemático área y medida. Asimismo, hemos elegido como referencial metodológico aspectos de la Ingeniería Didáctica de Artigue (1995) donde analizaremos las fases que conforman su proceso experimental. Para analizar los resultados obtenidos de la secuencia didáctica, confrontamos el análisis a priori con el análisis posteriori para observar si los resultados fueron o no previstos por el investigador. Esta forma de realizar el análisis nos permitió concluir que el estudiante presenta dificultades para adaptar a su aprendizaje la manera de expresar la suma de las medidas de las áreas de los rectángulos de aproximación como una adición de términos. This thesis aims to analyse the students learning process in the first term of their Business Administration studies in a university from Lima, when working a didactic sequence, regulated by GeoGebra, that leads them to modify and manipulate a flexible procedure with rectangles that allows them to acquire the conception that they can approximate, as much as they require, the measure of an area, limited under certain conditions, and express such approximation as the addition of the measures of each one of the rectangles areas. Considering that students know geometry formulas and calculus procedures to obtain the measure of polygonal areas, but they don’t know how to determine the measure of a non-polygonal area or what procedure to use to approximate this measure, we plan to answer, from our research, the following question: Will a didactic sequence, regulated by GeoGebra, allow the articulation of the conception that students have regarding the measurement of an area as a number associated to it calculated through geometry formulas and a flexible procedure that allows to approximate that number as much as it is required, and to express that approximation as an addition of terms? For this research, we have selected as theoretical framework some aspects from the Theory of Didactical Situations from Brousseau (1986), so much for the design as for the analysis raised by the didactic situation designed for our research, and which is focused on the mathematical object of area and measurement. Furthermore, we have chosen as methodological framework aspects from the Didactic Engineering from Artigue (1995), where we will analyse the phases that make up its experimental process. To analyse the results of the didactic sequence, we faced the analysis carried out at first with the subsequent analysis to observe whether or not the results were correctly predicted by the researcher. This form of conducting the analysis allowed us to conclude that the student presents difficulties in adapting the way of expressing the sum of the areas of the approximation rectangles as an addition of terms to their learning process. Tesis

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Lalaude-Labayle, Marc. "L'enseignement de l'algèbre linéaire au niveau universitaire : Analyse didactique et épistémologique." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU3044/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Notre recherche porte sur la question de l'enseignement de l'algèbre linéaire au niveau universitaire, plus précisément sur les applications linéaires en Classes Préparatoires aux Grandes Écoles. La théorie des situations didactiques avec la sémiotique de Peirce fournissent le cadre principal de nos travaux et nous permettent d'analyser les raisonnements produits par les étudiants en situation d'interrogation orale. Nous proposons dans un premier temps des éléments d'analyse épistémologique concernant le rôle des applications linéaires dans l'émergence de l'algèbre linéaire. Puis nous présentons dans une optique d'analyse didactique les principaux éléments de la sémiotique de Peirce et son algébrisation par le treillis des classes de signes. Nous complétons alors le modèle d'analyse des raisonnements de Bloch et Gibel et proposons un outil d'analyse sémiotique, le diagramme sémantique. Nous utilisons cet outil pour une analyse sémiotique locale a priori d'une situation mathématique. Cette analyse met en évidence le lien entre les premiers signes et premières actions de la situation et la sémiose qui en découle. Nous procédons ensuite à une analyse des raisonnements produits par des étudiants en situation d'interrogation orale, dite « classique ». Cette analyse confirme le lien entre l'absence de niveaux de milieu adidactiques et la difficulté sémantique d'organiser les objets en situation de preuve. Puis, nous expérimentons une situation d'interrogation orale de telle sorte que les niveaux de milieu adidactiques soient riches et stabilisés. L'analyse des raisonnements produits dans cette situation nous permet de montrer que les étudiants sollicitent un point de vue sémantique sur les objets utile lors de leurs validations et contrôles. Ces trois moments de notre travail confirment l'importance du discours et des pratiques heuristiques dans le cadre de l'algèbre linéaire Our research is concerned with the teaching of linear algebra at the university level. More precisely, it focuses on the teaching of linear transformations in Classes Préparatoires aux Grandes Écoles. The theory of didactical situations, jointly with Peirce’s semiotics, constitute the main theoretical framework of our works and allow us to analyse student’s reasoning in situations of oral evaluation. Firstly, we put forward some epistemological aspects highlighting the links between linear transformations and the emergence of linear algebra. Then, with a didactical objective, we outline the main features of Perice’s semiotics and its algebraization with the treillis of sign’s categories. Hence, we can enhance the model of analysis for reasoning processes of Bloch and Gibel and build a tool for semiotic analysis called semantic diagram. We illustrate the use of this tool by conducting a local semiotic a priori analysis of a mathematical situation. This analysis highlight the link between the first signs and actions of the situation and the resulting semiosis. Next, we analyse some students’ reasonings produced during oral evaluations said « classical ». This analysis confirms the link between the lack of an adidactical milieu and the semantic difficulty to organize and articulate the objects and signs in a proof situation. Then we experiment a situation of oral evaluation in which the adidactical milieus are rich enough and stabilized. The analysis of the reasoning process conducted in this experimental situation allows us to show that, in this case, the students rely on a semantic point of view on the objects to produce their validations and controls their productions. These three different moments of our research attest the importance of the heuristic practices and discourse in the field of linear algebra

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Abdollahi, Shameem. "A single 9hr recovery sleep is sufficient for the restoration of neurocognitive function following 39hrs TSD /." Title page and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sba1359.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Mota, Marcus Vinicius Fagundes. "Pavimento de baixo volume de tráfego: estudo comparativo da vida útil estimada e após abertura ao tráfego." Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Geotécnica. Núcleo de Geotecnia, Escola de Minas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, 2009. http://www.repositorio.ufop.br/handle/123456789/2353.

Full text

Abstract:

Submitted by Maurílio Figueiredo (maurilioafigueiredo@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-02-22T20:08:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_PavimentoBaixoVolume.pdf: 28916125 bytes, checksum: cdccfa659c29e6c86ab4594ca2451100 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Neide Nativa (neide@sisbin.ufop.br) on 2013-02-25T14:16:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_PavimentoBaixoVolume.pdf: 28916125 bytes, checksum: cdccfa659c29e6c86ab4594ca2451100 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-02-25T14:16:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_PavimentoBaixoVolume.pdf: 28916125 bytes, checksum: cdccfa659c29e6c86ab4594ca2451100 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 ABSTRACT: The objective of this dissertation is to define a criteria for the structural design to be adopted for Low-traffic Roads coated with Bituminous Double Surface Treatments, for which the estimated design life is 6 or 10 years. The study was developed through the evaluation of the service life of a road connecting the locations of Luisburgo and Ponte do Silva, LMG 838, selected among eighty roads included in a paving program by the government of the State of Minas Gerais, named “Programa de Pavimentação de Ligações e Acessos aos Municípios (PROACESSO)”. Non-destructive investigation methods were adopted, such as deflection measurements by Benkelman beam, Ground Penetrating Radar measurement of the pavement layers thickness and the mechanical characteristics of the materials were determined through back calculation of the layers’ moduli by RETRAN5-L back calculation program. The research program constituted a good means of analyzing the structural evaluation methods currently in use in Brazil and it can be concluded that the definition of a performance criteria and of a structural evaluation method for Low-traffic Roads should be considered according to the vertical stress and the normal compressive strain on top of the sub-grade, as well as the contribution for wheels footpaths sinking of all layers. O objetivo desta dissertação é a definição de critérios de avaliação a serem aplicados em Rodovias de Baixo Volume de Tráfego (RBVT) pavimentados com revestimento em Tratamento Superficial Duplo (TSD) e cuja vida útil estimada em projeto é 6 ou 10 anos. O estudo foi desenvolvido através da avaliação da vida útil do trecho Luisburgo/Ponte do Silva da LMG 838, selecionado como estudo de caso entre oitenta rodovias pavimentadas em Minas Gerais no âmbito do Programa de Pavimentação de Ligações e Acessos aos Municípios (PROACESSO). Priorizou-se métodos não destrutivos de investigação, tais como o levantamento deflectométrico com viga Benkelman, o levantamento das espessuras das camadas que compõem a estrutura da rodovia com “Ground Penetrating Radar” (GPR) e as características mecânicas dos materiais foram determinadas por retroanálise através do Programa RETRAN5-L. A pesquisa permitiu uma análise em relação à aplicação dos métodos de avaliação estrutural utilizados no Brasil e pode-se concluir que a definição de critérios de desempenho e métodos de avaliação estrutural para RBVTs deverá se balizar pelo estudo da tensão vertical normal de compressão e no acúmulo das deformações permanentes no topo do subleito, bem como na contribuição para o Afundamento de Trilha de Rodas de todas as camadas. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Santos, Luísa Assis dos. "TSD e perturbação de ajustamento. Relação entre experiência de vida na infância e funcionamento actual em crianças e adolescentes Angolanos." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/21906.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Santos, Luísa Assis dos. "TSD e perturbação de ajustamento. Relação entre experiência de vida na infância e funcionamento actual em crianças e adolescentes Angolanos." Dissertação, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/21906.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Jaffal, Moustapha. "Développement de Dépôt Sélectif Topographique 3D par combinaison de procédés PE(ALD) et ALE en microélectronique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALT046.

Full text

Abstract:

Au cours des dernières décennies, l’industrie des semi-conducteurs a connu une augmentation spectaculaire de la performance des circuits intégrés. La photolithographie, un procédé indispensable à la fabrication des circuits intégrés, requiert désormais une séquence d'étapes de plus en plus complexes, comprenant de nombreux traitements successifs tels que le Self-Aligned Double Patterning (SADP) et le Self-Aligned Quadruple Patterning (SAQP). Au-delà de leur complexité et de l’augmentation des coûts associés, les étapes de patterning engendrent des erreurs d’alignement (Edge Placement Error (EPE)) qui affectent le bon fonctionnement des dispositifs. L’objectif de la thèse est de développer un nouveau procédé de dépôt sélectif topographique (TSD) par une approche en super-cycle « Dépôt/Gravure ». Les avantages d’un dépôt TSD est de réaliser latéralement et directement des espaceurs sur les flancs latéraux des architectures 3D telles que les grilles des transistors CMOS à l’échelle du nanomètre. Cette nouvelle stratégie de fabrication permet tout d’abord d’envisager une réduction du nombre des étapes et d’équipements nécessaires à la structuration, limitant ainsi les EPE potentiellement induites par la photolithographie. Ainsi, elle offre la possibilité de réduire la consommation des surfaces horizontales des transistors 3D, qui est un des éléments critiques à prendre en compte lors de réalisation des espaceurs dans l’intégration des nœuds technologiques avancés. Une preuve de concept du dépôt TSD a fait l’objet de ma thèse grâce à une approche en super-cycle reposée sur l’alternance d’un procédé de dépôt conforme par PE(ALD) suivi par différents procédés de gravure plasma anisotrope dans un seul et même équipement, en utilisant les propriétés physiques et chimiques d’interactions des plasmas avec les matériaux Over the past decades, the semiconductor industry has witnessed a remarkable increase in the performance of integrated circuits. Photolithography, a crucial process in the manufacturing of integrated circuits, requires an increasingly complex sequence of steps, including various successive treatments such as Self-Aligned Double Patterning (SADP) and Self-Aligned Quadruple Patterning (SAQP). Beyond their complexity and the associated cost escalation, patterning steps can result in alignment errors, known as Edge Placement Error (EPE), which can impact the proper functioning of devices such as transistors. The objective of this thesis is to develop a novel topographical selective deposition (TSD) process using a "Deposition/Etching" super-cycle approach. The advantages of this TSD process include the lateral and direct formation of spacers on the sidewalls of 3D architectures, such as CMOS transistor gates at the nanoscale. This innovative manufacturing approach paves the way for reducing the number of steps and equipment required in the fabrication process, minimizing the potential EPE introduced by photolithography. Consequently, it offers the opportunity to reduce the consumption of horizontal surfaces in 3D transistors, a critical factor in the integration of advanced technological nodes during spacer creation. This work offers a proof of concept of the TSD deposition, using a super-cycle approach that alternates between a conformal deposition process by PE(ALD) and various anisotropic plasma etching processes in the same tool. This approach leverages the physical and chemical properties of plasma interactions with materials

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Cleveland, William Peter. "Improving pilot understanding of TCAS through the traffic situation display." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47726.

Full text

Abstract:

The goal of this thesis is to improve pilot understanding of the Traffic alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) by changing the Traffic Situation Display (TSD). This is supported by two objectives. The first objective is to create an integrated, realistic air traffic environment. This serves as an experimental platform for testing and evaluating future TCAS TSDs. The simulator environment includes a desktop flight simulator, background air traffic simulator, and intruder aircraft. The intruder aircraft uses seven dimensional waypoints to robustly follow trajectories and cause specific resolution advisories. Second, the relative benefits of, and potential concerns with, new TCAS TSDs are explored using a structured, iterative design process with subject matter ex- perts (SMEs). Incremental changes to the TSD were implemented into the simulator environment. SMEs evaluated the displays and potential points of confusion were identified. Several display features are discussed and implemented for future evaluations. These include boundary lines of TCAS variables depicted on the TSD and on a vertical situation display, speed lines which vary with the TCAS estimate of time to closest point of approach, and a prediction of the safe altitude target during a resolution advisory. Scenarios which may be confusing or misleading are discussed. These scenarios may be ameliorated or exacerbated by display features. This information is useful to guide both design and certification or operational approval and is a starting place for future TCAS experiments.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

SILVA, Rita Cinéia Meneses. "A integração de construtos didáticos à prática docente: a malamática para operar com a aritmética básica." Intituto de Física, 2017. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/23386.

Full text

Abstract:

Submitted by Rita Cinéia Silva (ritacineia@hotmail.com) on 2017-06-19T17:08:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao-Rita Cineia-Versão Final.pdf: 4949050 bytes, checksum: a09810a332049e6ed17e88e938d8d36f (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Reis (vanessa.jamile@ufba.br) on 2017-06-29T11:31:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao-Rita Cineia-Versão Final.pdf: 4949050 bytes, checksum: a09810a332049e6ed17e88e938d8d36f (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-29T11:31:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao-Rita Cineia-Versão Final.pdf: 4949050 bytes, checksum: a09810a332049e6ed17e88e938d8d36f (MD5) Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar os resultados da integração de Construtos Didáticos à prática dos professores no trabalho com as Operações Aritméticas Básicas. O aporte teórico aqui utilizado se alicerçará em alguns elementos da Teorias das Situações Didáticas, desenvolvida por Guy Brousseau, da Teoria da Instrumentação de Pierre Rabardel e da Teoria do Antropológico do Didático, elaborada por Yves Chevallard. Neste contexto, criamos o termo Malamática para fazer alusão a uma mala que transportará elementos capazes de auxiliar a construção dos Percursos de Estudo e Pesquisa (PEP), no intuito de contribuir com a prática de professores de Matemática. Como questão de investigação, apresentamos: “Como institucionalizar as contribuições de Construtos Didáticos – uma vez que, a incompletude opera na instituição escolar – a partir do trabalho dos professores, no 6° ano, quando ensinam as Operações Aritméticas Fundamentais?”. A pesquisa é de caráter qualitativo, em concordância com John Creswell, e apresenta como campo de investigação três escolas da rede estadual de Feira de Santana-BA. Como aporte metodológico, utilizaremos alguns elementos da Engenharia Didática do PEP, de Yves Chevallard e construiremos um PEP para as quatro Operações Aritméticas Fundamentais. Para produzir os dados, realizaremos visitas às três escolas, entrevistas semiestruturadas com três professores, filmagens e/ou gravação de áudio de algumas aulas, observações naturalistas, como também o uso de questionários abertos para professores e estudantes. Além disso, observaremos anotações nos cadernos dos estudantes, faremos seis encontros para estudos e, em seguida, convidaremos os professores para criarem conosco situações didáticas que integrem as contribuições da Didática da Matemática às Operações Aritméticas Básicas, a partir do que denominamos de Construtos Didáticos. Logo após, solicitaremos que os professores façam a aplicação dos Construtos elaborados envolvendo as quatro operações. Diante do exposto, esperamos que este trabalho possa contribuir com as propostas de ensino da matemática, e, desejamos também, suscitar outras pesquisas com o propósito referido. Ressaltamos ainda que dentre as análises construídas nesta investigação, percebemos que os livros apreciados e a prática pedagógica do professor apresentaram uma preponderância do Modelo Clássico, desenvolvido por Joseph Gascón – modelo que apresenta tendência a um perfil oriundo da interseção dos modelos tecnicista e teoricista. The aim of this research is to analyze the results of the Didactics devices integration in the practice of teachers in the study of Basic Arithmetic Operations. Our theoretical contribution is based on some elements of the Theories of Didactic Situations developed by Guy Brousseau, the Theory of Instrumentations of Pierre Rabardel and the Antropological Theory of Didactic created by Yves Chevallard. In this context, we created the term (Malamática), mala the word in Portuguese for “suitcase”, to refer to a suitcase that will carry elements capable of assisting the construction of Study and Research Paths (PEP in Portuguese), aiming to contribute to the practice of mathematics teachers. As a research question, we present: "How to institutionalize the contributions of Didactic Constructs - since incompleteness operates in the school institution - from the work of the teachers, in the 6th year, when they teach the Fundamental Arithmetic Operations?". The research is of a qualitative nature, in agreement with John Creswell and it presents as a research field three schools of the network of Feira de Santana-BA. As a methodological contribution, we will use some elements of the PEP Didactic Engineering, by Yves Chevallard and construct a PEP for the four Fundamental Arithmetic Operations. To produce the data, we will visit three schools, semi-structured interviews with three teachers, filming and / or audio recording of some classes, naturalistic observations, as well as the use of open questionnaires for teachers and students. In addition, we will observe notes in the students' notebooks, we will make six study meetings and then invite teachers to create with us didactic situations that integrate the contributions of Didactics of Mathematics to Basic Arithmetic Operations, from what we call Didactic Constructs. Right after, we will ask that the teachers make the application of the elaborated constructs involving the four operations. Based on the considerations above, we hope that this work can contribute to the mathematics teaching proposals, and we also wish to raise other research for the purpose We also emphasize that among the analyzes constructed in this research, we noticed that the books appreciated and the pedagogical practice of the teacher presented a preponderance of the Classical Model, developed by Joseph Gascón - a model that shows a tendency from the intersection of technical and theoretical models.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Lee, Yun Sheng. "Correção de efeitos viscosos na solução do escoamento potencial de pequenas perturbações em regime transônico no domínio da freqüência." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18135/tde-23072007-215517/.

Full text

Abstract:

Um método de correção viscosa é aplicado na solução da equação potencial transônica de pequenas perturbações (TSD) no domínio da frequência. O objetivo é melhorar os resultados transônicos em que a interação choque/camada-limite é importante. A espessura de deslocamento da camada limite é estimada, a partir dos resultados da análise do escoamento invíscido, usando um método integral. A espessura de deslocamento é usada, então, para modificar a geometria das superfícies de sustentação e um novo resultado invíscido é obtido. Esse processo é repetido até que se atinja a convergência. No passado esse método foi aplicado, com bons resultados, na análise no domínio do tempo. No domínio da frequência os termos espaciais não lineares são preservados usando uma técnica de transformação conhecida como média harmônica. A principal razão para usar equação TSD ainda é o custo computacional, especialmente em se tratando de configurações completas de aeronaves. Um código de computador original é desenvolvido para análise bidimensional e um código de computador tridimensional existente é modificado para incluir a correção viscosa. A equação TSD é aproximada usando o método das diferenças finitas e resolvida usando sobre-relaxação sucessiva por linhas. Nos dois códigos é utilizada correção para vorticidade e variação de entropia. Os resultados têm boa correlação com dados experimentais publicados para a distribuição de pressão em regime transônico estacionário. A viscous correction method is applied to the solution of the transonic small disturbance (TSD) potential equation in the frequency domain. The objective is to improve transonic results for which shock/boundary-layer interaction is important. Boundary-layer displacement thickness is calculated, with an integral method, using the results from an inviscid flow analysis. The calculated displacement thickness is then used to modify the lifting surface geometry and a new inviscid result is obtained. This process is repeated until convergence is achieved. In the past that method has been applied to time domain analysis with good results. In frequency domain the spatial nonlinear terms are preserved using a transformation technique known as harmonic averaging. The main reason for using the TSD equation still is computational cost, especially when dealing with complete aircraft configurations. An original computer code is developed for two-dimensional analysis and an existing three-dimensional computer code is extended to include the viscous correction. The transonic small disturbance potential equation is approximated using the finite difference method and solved through successive line over-relaxation. Both codes include correction for vorticity and variation in entropy. Results for several airfoil sections are obtained. The results compare well with published experimental data for steady transonic pressure distribution.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Jeeva, Zakkiyya Igbal. "The role of monoamines in post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) using a time dependent sensitization animal model / Zakkiyya Igbal Jeeva." Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/587.

Full text

Abstract:

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that may result from an exposure to a severely traumatic life-event. It is characterised by a delayed onset of psychological and physical symptoms including re-experiencing the event, avoidance of reminders associated with the trauma, increased autonomic arousal and distinct memory deficits. This disorder is also characterised by a maladaptive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis response and altered monoamine concentrations in the hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex. The Time Dependent Sensitization (TDS) model is a putative animal model of PTSD that is based on the concept of repeated trauma, using three acute stressors (TS) of intense severity followed by a mild situational reminder (RS) on day 7 subsequent to the acute stressors. The aims of this study were to determine if the Triple Stressor (TS) induces stress and if the situational reminder (RS) is necessary for the maintenance of the stress response over time and whether these two stress responses are qualitatively and quantitively different. This was done to further validate the TDS model and to characterize the development and progression of the stress-related pathology of PTSD. Methods used were High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection (biochemical correlates) for quantifying the monoamines dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA) and serotonin (5-HT) concentrations in the hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex (PFC); radio immuno assay (RIA) for the determination of plasma corticosterone concentrations (neuroendocrine parameter) and the use of the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) to detect anxiety-like behaviour (behavioural analyses). The study was subdivided into an Acute and Re-Stress study (n = 10). In the Acute Study rats were exposed to TS as the only stressor. Group 1 was sacrificed immediately after TS, Group 2 was sacrificed 3 days post TS and Group 3 on day 7 post TS. In the Re-Stress Study both TS and RS were used as stressors. Group 4 was sacrificed immediately after the situational reminder, Group 5 was sacrificed 3 days post RS and Group 6 on day 7 post RS. A group of unstressed rats were used as Control. The results of this study found corticosterone concentrations elevated immediately after the TS (p<0.05). Exposure to the RS resulted in a profound hypocortisolism (p<0.05). These results indicate a possible disturbance in the regulation of the HPA-axis, which manifests as an enhanced negative feed-back upon re-introduction of the stressful situation. Changes in MA concentrations were evident. Although no definite fixed trend is apparent in this study, it is evident that the TDS model does induce monoamine dysregulation. Hippocampal NA. DA and 5-HT concentrations were noted to be elevated on day 7 post TS (p<0.05). On day 7 post RS only hippocampal 5HT was decreased significantly (p<0.05). Behavioural analyses indicate that stress related anxiety was not sustained after the TS but 7 days after the exposure to the RS rats were most anxious (p<0.05). The results confirm that the TDS model does induce PTSD-like symptoms in rats and that the situational reminder (RS) is necessary for the maintenance of the stress response. This model may be useful in the investigation of future experimental pharmacological interventions in the management of PTSD. Thesis (M.Sc. (Pharmacology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Cremonez, Caroline Marroni. "Isolamento e caracterização estrutural e funcional de neurotoxinas presentes nas frações XIIA e XIIB da peçonha do escorpião Tityus serrulatus." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60134/tde-29072015-113958/.

Full text

Abstract:

O escorpião amarelo Tityus serrulatus (Ts) é considerado a espécie mais perigosa do Brasil, e muitas das toxinas de sua peçonha já foram isoladas e caracterizadas. No entanto, as frações XIIA e XIIB, obtidas da cromatografia de troca iônica da peçonha de Ts, possuem várias toxinas de baixa massa molecular ainda não caracterizadas. Através da combinação de técnicas de RP-FPLC em colunas C8 e C18, espectrometria de massas e/ou sequenciamento amino-terminal, foi possível isolar e identificar os componentes destas frações, bem como realizar as caracterizações estrutural, por RMN, e eletrofisiológica, por Two Microelectrode Voltage Clamp, de algumas neurotoxinas isoladas. Foram escolhidas três toxinas de interesse: Ts11, Ts9 e Ts1-G. Nossos resultados mostram que a Ts11 foi capaz de bloquear canais para potássio dependentes de voltagem (Kv): Kv1.2, Kv1.3, Kv4.2, Kv10.1, hERG, e Shaker IR, bloqueando em 25%, 27%, 25%, 15%, 12%, e 10% as correntes de potássio, respectivamente. A Ts11 possui uma estrutura única (estrutura obtida por RMN): ICK scaffold sem os elementos de estrutura secundária (alfa-hélice ou fita-beta). Esta estrutura diferenciada, somada à atividade biológica caracterizada neste estudo, evidencia uma nova subfamília de KTxs, a qual foi denominada como ?-KTx, sendo a Ts11 o primeiro membro desta subfamília: ?-KTx1.1. A caracterização funcional da Ts9 mostra que a mesma não apresenta atividade bloqueadora sobre os canais Kv testados (Kv1.1; Kv1.2; Kv1.3; Kv1.4; Kv1.5; Kv1.6; Kv2.1; Kv3.1; Kv4.2; Kv7.2; Kv10.1 hERG e Shaker IR), na concentração de 100 nM. Apesar da Ts9 não ter bloqueado os canais testados, ela apresenta estrutura e resíduoschave que sugerem sua ação em Kvs e estudo anteriormente publicado mostra que ela é um potente ligante de canais para potássio ativados por cálcio de baixa condutância (SK). Também foi conduzido um estudo comparativo entre a Ts1e sua isoforma precursora Ts1-G nos canais para sódio dependentes de voltagem Nav1.1 - 1.8 e DmNav1, a fim de analisar a importância da amidação C-terminal. A Ts1 madura possui região C-terminal amidada, enquanto que sua isoforma Ts1-G não é amidada, pois apresenta uma Gly na região Cterminal (última etapa de transformação pós-traducional, anterior a ação da enzima ?- amidante). A Ts1-G não apresentou ação nos canais (Nav) na concentração testada (100 nM), enquanto que a Ts1 (100 nM) age como ?- toxina, reduzindo o limiar de excitação dos canais Nav e/ou reduzindo as correntes de sódio, evidenciando que a amidação C-terminal é importante para a atividade biológica da toxina madura. Adicionalmente, nas análises por MALDI/TOF das frações XIIA e XIIB, foram encontrados 45 componentes cujas massas moleculares não correspondem a de toxinas já isoladas, abrindo perspectivas para a identificação de moléculas com potencial uso biotecnológico, visto que toxinas com ação em canais iônicos podem ser ferramentas valiosas para a elucidação das características farmacológicas, fisiológicas e estruturais dos seus alvos. The yellow scorpion Tityus serrulatus (Ts) is considered the most dangerous species of Brazil, and several toxins present in its venom have been already isolated and characterized. However, fractions XIIA and XIIB obtained from ion exchange chromatography of Ts crude venom, presented many low molecular weight toxins which have not been characterized yet. Through a combination of RP-FPLC technique using C8 and C18 columns, mass spectrometry and / or amino terminal sequencing, it was possible to isolate and identify the components of these fractions, as well as perform structural characterization thru NMR and electrophysiological characterization using Two Microelectrode Voltage Clamp, of some of the neurotoxins isolated. It was choosen three toxins of interest: Ts11, Ts9 and Ts1-G. Our results show that Ts11 was able to block voltage gated potassium channels (Kv): Kv1.2, Kv1.3, Kv4.2, Kv10.1, hERG, and Shaker IR, blocking 25%, 27%, 25% 15%, 12% and 10% of the potassium currents, respectively. Ts11 has an unique structure (structure obtained thru NRM technique): ICK scaffold without the elements of secondary structure (alpha helix or beta-sheet). Additionaly, the differentiated structure and functional characterization, Ts11 shows us an evidence of a new subfamily of toxins, which was named as ?-KTX, and therefore, Ts11 is the first member of this subfamily: ?-KTx1.1. The functional characterization of Ts9 shows that it has no blocking activity on the tested Kv channels (Kv1.1, Kv1.2, Kv1.3, Kv1.4, Kv1.5, Kv1.6, Kv2.1, Kv3.1 , Kv4.2, Kv7.2, Kv10.1, hERG and Shaker IR) at a concentration of 100 nM. Despite the Ts9 have not blocked the tested channels, it presents structure and key-amino acid residues that suggest its action on Kvs and previously published study shows that it is a potent ligant for slow conductance calciumactivated potassium channels (SK). It was also conducted a comparative electrophysiological study between the Ts1and its precursor isoform Ts1-G on voltage gated sodium channels, in order to evaluate the importance of the C-terminal amidation. The mature Ts1 has amidated C-terminal region, whereas Ts1-G isoform is not amidated, and therefore has a Gly at the Cterminal region (last step of post-translational modification, before the action of the enzyme ?-amidante). The Ts1-G showed no action on Nav channels at the concentration tested (100 nM), whereas Ts1 (100 nM) acts as ?-toxin, lowering the excitation threshold of Nav channels and/or reducing sodium currents, evidencing that the C-terminal amidation is important for the biological activity of the mature toxin. Additionally, the analyses by MALDI/TOF of the fractions XIIA and XIIB showed several molecules whose molar masses do not match the toxins already identified, opening prospects for the identification of new molecules with potential biotechnological use, considering that toxins that act on ion channels can be valuable tools for the elucidation of pharmacological, physiological and structural characteristics of their targets.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Freitas, Anderson Meirelles. "TSS e TSB: novos descritores de forma baseados em tensor scale." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45134/tde-20122017-205014/.

Full text

Abstract:

Neste trabalho são apresentados dois novos descritores de forma para tarefas de recuperação de imagens por conteúdo (CBIR) e análise de formas, que são construídos sobre uma extensão do conceito de tensor scale baseada na Transformada de Distância Euclidiana (EDT). Primeiro, o algoritmo de tensor scale é utilizado para extrair informações da forma sobre suas estruturas locais (espessura, orientação e anisotropia) representadas pela maior elipse contida em uma região homogênea centrada em cada pixel da imagem. Nos novos descritores, o limite do intervalo das orientações das elipses do modelo de tensor scale é estendido de 180º para 360º, de forma a melhor discriminar a descrição das estruturas locais. Então, com base em diferentes abordagens de amostragem, visando resumir informações mais relevantes, os novos descritores são construídos. No primeiro descritor proposto, Tensor Scale Sector (TSS), a distribuição das orientações relativas das estruturas locais em setores circulares é utilizada para compor um vetor de características de tamanho fixo, para uma caracterização de formas baseada em região. No segundo descritor, o Tensor Scale Band (TSB), foram considerados histogramas das orientações relativas extraídos de bandas concêntricas, formando também um vetor de características de tamanho fixo, com uma função de distância de tempo linear. Resultados experimentais com diferentes bases de formas (MPEG-7 e MNIST) são apresentados para ilustrar e validar os métodos. TSS demonstra resultados comparáveis aos métodos estado da arte, que geralmente dependem de algoritmos custosos de otimização de correspondências. Já o TSB, com sua função de distância em tempo linear, se demonstra como uma solução adequada para grandes coleções de formas. In this work, two new shape descriptors are proposed for tasks in Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) and Shape Analysis tasks, which are built upon an extended tensor scale based on the Euclidean Distance Transform (EDT). First, the tensor scale algorithm is applied to extract shape attributes from its local structures (thickness, orientation, and anisotropy) as represented by the largest ellipse within a homogeneous region centered at each image pixel. In the new descriptors, the upper limit of the interval of local orientation of tensor scale ellipses is extended from 180º to 360º, to better discriminate the description of local structures. Then, the new descriptors are built based on different sampling approaches, aiming to summarize the most relevant features. In the first proposed descriptor, Tensor Scale Sector descriptor (TSS), the local distributions of relative orientations within circular sectors are used to compose a fixed-length feature vector, for a region-based shape characterization. For the second method, the Tensor Scale Band (TSB) descriptor, histograms of relative orientations are considered for each circular concentric band, to also compose a fixed-length feature vector, with linear time distance function for matching. Experimental results for different shape datasets (MPEG-7 and MNIST) are presented to illustrate and validate the methods. TSS can achieve high retrieval values comparable to state-of-the-art methods, which usually rely on time-consuming correspondence optimization algorithms, but uses a simpler and faster distance function, while the even faster linear complexity of TSB leads to a suitable solution for very large shape collections.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Hsieh, Albert. "A Translational Exploration of Graves’ Disease: Clinical, Laboratory and Animal Studies." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20599.

Full text

Abstract:

Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder, mediated by the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor antibody (TRAb). This bioactive antibody causes thyrotoxicosis and it may contribute to extra-thyroidal manifestations, particularly Graves’ ophthalmopathy and pre-tibial myxoedema. Despite its pathogenic role, TRAb is not universally measured to confirm the diagnosis of GD in a hyperthyroid patient with a non-pathognomonic presentation. The modern TRAb assays only quantitate the serum TRAb level without determining its function. Furthermore, the mainstream animal models of GD focus upon induction of Graves’ disease and related immune responses while there are very few models that have been developed to explore the translational role of human TRAb. This PhD study was designed to investigate the role of TRAb in a clinical setting; in laboratory testing; and in an animal model. To address these issues, this thesis is divided into three complementary components: (1) establishing roles of TSH receptor antibody in clinical management of Graves’ disease [Chapters 2 & 3]; (2) comparing and contrasting TSH receptor antibody diagnostic assays [Chapters 4 & 5]; and (3) undertaking an in-vivo pilot pre-clinical model of Graves’ disease to investigate the effect of TSH receptor antibody in mice [Chapter 6]. In the clinical studies, based on the review of our in-house GD database, TRAb measurement was found to be comparable to thyroid scintigraphy in confirming the diagnosis in most of the patients who presented with GD. In patients where GD recurred, the initial TRAb level was not a significant risk factor. However, younger age of disease onset was strongly associated with recurrence. TRAb was shown to be an independent risk factor associated with liver enzyme abnormality at diagnosis. However, the relationship was attenuated by multivariate analysis including both FT3 and FT4, showing liver enzyme abnormality was associated more strongly with the thyroid hormone status than the TRAb level. GGT was the most commonly elevated liver enzyme in GD, followed by ALT, ALP and AST, most of which normalised with hyperthyroidism treatment. There also appeared to be an ethnic difference in the pattern of liver enzyme abnormality. The laboratory study compared the current FDA-approved Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobulin (TSI) assays and found ThyretainTM was the only bioassay able to distinguish between the different functional status of TRAb. At the same time, an in-house TSI assay using cAMP measurement was established using a commercial Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line overexpressing human TSH receptor. The cell line was also used to explore the TSH receptor intra-cellular signalling pathway associated with TRAb binding. Data demonstrated that while TSH stimulates both cAMP cascade and Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) pathway, TRAb exclusively triggers the cAMP cascade. In the third main section of studies in GD, a pilot translational murine model of GD was commenced by injecting the purified serum of a patient, who had pathognomonic GD and very high TRAb level, into mice. Thyroid overactivity, both biochemically and histologically, was induced. However, it was not a sustained response and therefore further studies are needed to explore the options for augmenting an established response and to examine the subsequent physiological changes induced. Overall, this PhD thesis has refined Graves’ disease clinical linkages with TRAb in liver enzymes and risk recurrence. It has also provided clarity in TRAb and related assays. Furthermore, it has aided in the exploration of an animal model of GD. In time, it is envisaged that the outcomes of this work will serve as a foundation in the establishment of a GD Centre of Excellence with TRAb and related laboratory measures as a focal point.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Mabiletja, Rasekele Selina. "Tsweletso ya tlaiso ya banna dipapading tse di hlaotswego tsa Sesotho sa Lebowa." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1133.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (M.A.) --University of Limpopo, 2013 As the topic states, the research is about the abuse of men in the society (Northern Sotho society in particular). Men, like women and children, are also abused, but unlike in the case of women and children, this abuse is not taken seriously. In most of the cases, this abuse is not reported. It is the aim of this study to scrutinize man abuse as depicted in the following Northern Sotho novels: Nonyana ya tokologo (Kekana, 1985), Ke nako ya ka (Molefe, 2001) and Ngwana Magana go botšwa (Motloutsi, 2004).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

DIAS, Markus Benedito Santos. "Modelagem com etnomatemática: uma situação a-didática para o ensino." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/8564.

Full text

Abstract:

Submitted by Nathalya Silva (nathyjf033@gmail.com) on 2017-05-22T19:58:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_ModelagemEtnomatematicaSituacao.pdf: 1205331 bytes, checksum: 3766cb85fe8651205be975bd08013d65 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2017-05-31T13:01:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_ModelagemEtnomatematicaSituacao.pdf: 1205331 bytes, checksum: 3766cb85fe8651205be975bd08013d65 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-31T13:01:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_ModelagemEtnomatematicaSituacao.pdf: 1205331 bytes, checksum: 3766cb85fe8651205be975bd08013d65 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-14 CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior A Educação Matemática se preocupa em solucionar os diversos problemas relativos ao ensino e aprendizagem da Matemática. Dentre estes problemas, há em específico, a dificuldade de os discentes e docentes não conseguirem articular o conhecimento matemático escolar às diversas situações impostas pela realidade, principalmente àquelas pertencentes ao seu mundo cultural. O objetivo deste texto científico foi de estudar as práticas cotidianas de um grupo cultural e, a partir dos pressupostos da Modelagem Matemática com abordagem da Etnomatemática, mostrar que ambas podem ser caracterizadas como uma situação a-didática de acordo com a perspectiva da Teoria das Situações Didáticas (TSD). Por não termos envolvido de forma direta alunos nessa pesquisa, buscamos, a priori, estudar algumas obras que indicam o entrelaçamento da Modelagem com a Etnomatemática e, também, criar uma atividade envolvendo os saberes dos mestres-artesãos, responsáveis pela construção de embarcações, utilizando o nosso conhecimento tácito a ser analisada. A intenção foi de verificar os caminhos percorridos durante o processo de Modelagem e compará-los às fases presentes na TSD. O resultado obtido nos permitiu entender que os temas de cunho cultural podem ser usados como ambiente motivador no processo de aprendizagem por fazer parte da realidade dos alunos dessa região, Além disso, indicamos o emprego da Modelagem com o aporte da Etnomatemática pode ser caracterizada como uma situação a-didática por não tentar modificar o conjunto de conhecimentos matemáticos do outro, aqui incluindo os seus argumentos e suas referências culturais, ao impor o que o aluno deva aprender. Mathematics education is concerned with solving the various problems relating to the teaching and learning of mathematics. Among these problems, there is in particular the difficulty of the students and teachers can not articulate the school mathematical knowledge to various situations imposed by reality, especially those belonging to their cultural world. The aim of this paper was to study scientific everyday practices of a cultural group, and from the assumptions of mathematical modeling approach with the Ethnomatematics, show that both can be characterized as a situation a-didactic according to the perspective of the Theory of Didactic Situations (TSD). By not directly involved students in this research, we a priori study some works that indicate interlacing Modeling to Ethnomatematics and also create an activity involving the knowledge of master craftsmen, responsible for the construction of vessels, using our tacit knowledge to be analyzed. The intention was to check the paths taken through the process of modeling and comparing them to the phases present in the TSD. The results obtained allowed us to understand that the themes of cultural imprint can be used as a motivating environment in the learning process to be part of the reality of the students of this region, also indicated the use of modeling with the input of Ethnomatematics can be characterized as a situation a-didactic not attempt to modify the set of mathematical knowledge of the other, here including their arguments and cultural references, to enforce what the student should learn.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Aguiar, Aroldo dos Santos. "Adaptação transcultural para o português brasileiro da Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia for Temporomandibular Disorders (TSK/TMD)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17152/tde-07062017-120246/.

Full text

Abstract:

INTRODUÇÃO: O medo do movimento (cinesiofobia) parece desempenhar um papel importante no desenvolvimento da dor crónica. No entanto, em Disfunção Temporomandibular (DTM), há uma escassez de estudos sobre este tema. A Escala de Tampa para Kinesiophobia para DTM (TSK / TMD) é o instrumento mais utilizado para medir o medo de movimento e não está disponível em Português do Brasil. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi adaptar transculturalmente o TSK/TMD para o Português Brasileiro e avaliar suas propriedades psicométricas em termos de consistência interna, confiabilidade, validade de construto e estrutural. MÉTODOS: Um total de 100 pacientes do sexo feminino com DTM crônica participaram do processo de validação da TSK/TMD-Br. O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) foi utilizado para a análise estatística de confiabilidade (teste-reteste), ? de Cronbach para consistência interna, correlação de Pearson para classificar a validade de construto e análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC) para a validade estrutural. RESULTADOS: AFC aprovou o modelo pré-especificado com dois domínios e 12 itens (Evitando Movimento-EM/Foco Somático-SF) e todos os itens apresentaram carga fatorial superior a 0,4. Foram encontrados níveis aceitáveis de confiabilidade (CCI> 0,75) para todas as questões e domínios da TSK/TMD-Br. Para consistência interna, ? de Cronbach de 0,78 para ambos os domínios. Foram observadas correlações moderadas (0,40 <r <0,70) para a maioria dos domínios e para o escore total entre TSK/TMD-Br vs. catastrofização, depressão e limitação funcional da mandíbula. CONCLUSÃO: TSK / TMD-Br 12 itens demonstrou propriedades de medida satisfatórias (validade transcultural, confiabilidade, consistência interna e análise estrutural), e pode ser utilizado em ambientes clínicos e para fins de pesquisa. BACKGROUND: Fear of movement (kinesiophobia) seems to play an important role in the development of chronic pain. However, in Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) there is a scarcity of studies about this topic. The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia for TMD (TSK/TMD) is the most widely used instrument to measure fear of movement and it is not available in Brazilian Portuguese. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to culturally adapt the TSK/TMD to Brazilian Portuguese and to assess its psychometric properties in terms of internal consistency, reliability, and construct and structural validity. METHODS: A total of 100 female patients with chronic TMD participated in the validation process of the TSK/TMD-Br. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used for statistical analysis of reliability (testretest), Cronbach\'s alpha for internal consistency, Pearson\'s rank correlation for construct validity, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for structural validity. RESULTS: CFA endorsed the pre-specified model with two domains and 12-items (Activity Avoidance - AA/ Somatic Focus - SF) and all items obtained a loading factor greater than 0.4. Acceptable levels of reliability were found (ICC>0.75) for all questions and domains of the TSK/TMD-Br. For internal consistency, Cronbach\'s ? of 0.78 for both domains were found. Moderate (0.40<r<0.70) correlations were observed for the majority of domains and for the total score between TSK/TMD-Br vs. catastrophizing, depression and jaw functional limitation.CONCLUSION: TSK/TMD-Br 12 items demonstrated sound psychometric properties (transcultural validity, reliability, internal consistency and structural validity) and can be used in clinical settings and for research purposes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Cerni, Felipe Augusto. "Novo método de fracionamento da peçonha do escorpião Tityus serrulatus e caracterização eletrofisiológica das toxinas Ts6 e Ts7." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60134/tde-26092012-150049/.

Full text

Abstract:

No Brasil, a espécie Tityus serrulatus (Ts) é a responsável pela maioria dos acidentes de envenenamento com escorpiões, bem como pela maior incidência de acidentes ocasionados por animais peçonhentos. Isso ocorre devido ao fato desta espécie possuir somente fêmeas, realizando uma reprodução assexuada (partenogênese), facilitando assim sua proliferação. Atualmente, existem 16 diferentes toxinas descritas provenientes da peçonha de Ts, sendo a Ts1 a mais abundante na peçonha solúvel. Dentre estas toxinas, as neurotoxinas com ação em canais para sódio e potássio são as que despertam maior interesse da comunidade científica, devido aos seus efeitos no envenenamento e especificidades por canais iônicos. As neurotoxinas com ação em canais para potássio são compostas por uma alfa-hélice e três fitas-beta antiparalelas, e são constituídas por 23-43 resíduos de aminoácidos. Essas estão classificadas em quatro famílias (?-, ?-, g- e k-KTx). A família ?-KTx é a de maior relevância e está dividida em 21 subfamílias. Estas toxinas com alta especificidade para diferentes subtipos de canais para sódio e potássio são de extrema importância, pois podem ser utilizadas como ferramentas terapêuticas específicas para células-alvo. Até o momento, nosso grupo realizava o isolamento dessas toxinas utilizando como primeira etapa de purificação a cromatografia da peçonha em coluna de CM-Celulose-52, segundo protocolo descrito por Arantes e colaboradores (1989). O presente trabalho padronizou um novo método de fracionamento inicial da peçonha utilizando a mesma coluna, porém incorporando o uso de CLAE (Cromatografia Liquida de Alta Eficiência), onde foi possível observar um perfil cromatográfico semelhante ao anterior (XIII Frações), porém com maior reprodutibilidade e praticidade. Algumas frações do método anteriormente descrito foram subdivididas em duas (VIA-VIB, VIIIA-VIIIB, IXA-IXB e XIA-XIB), demonstrando que o novo procedimento também apresenta melhor resolução dos componentes da peçonha. Utilizando o novo método, foram purificadas as toxinas Ts6 e Ts7. Os efeitos dessas toxinas foram avaliados em 14 diferentes tipos de canais para potássio (Kv1.1, Kv1.2, Kv1.3, Kv1.4, Kv1.5, Kv1.6, Kv2.1, Kv3.1, Kv4.3, Kv7.1, Kv7.2, Kv7.4, hERG e Shaker), expressos em células de oócitos de Xenopus laevis, através da técnica de voltage-clamp com dois microeletrodos. A toxina Ts6 (1?M) demonstrou ter ação em 11 tipos de canais (Kv1.1, Kv1.2, Kv1.3, Kv1.5, Kv1.6, Kv4.3, Kv7.1, Kv7.2, Kv7.4, hERG e Shaker), porém nos canais Kv1.2, Kv1.3 e Shaker sua ação bloqueadora foi mais intensa. Através de experimentos de dose-resposta foi possível comprovar tal seletividade, demonstrando que a toxina Ts6 atua em quantidades extremamente baixas em ambos os canais (IC50 Kv1.2 = 6,19 ± 0,35 nM /IC50 Kv1.3 = 0,55 ± 0,20 nM). A toxina Ts7 (1?M) demonstrou ter ação em 11 tipos de canais para K+ (Kv1.1, Kv1.2, Kv1.3, Kv1.4 Kv1.5, Kv1.6, Kv2.1, Kv3.1, Kv7.1, hERG e Shaker), porém a ação de bloqueio em vários subtipos de canais não apresentou diferenças significativas, mostrando baixa seletividade entre os canais analisados. Este trabalho foi de Resumo ii extrema importância por melhorar a reprodutibilidade, praticidade e resolução do método de fracionamento da peçonha de Ts, bem como por fornecer uma avaliação eletrofisiológica criteriosa das toxinas Ts6 e Ts7 em diferentes subtipos de canais para potássio. O presente estudo demonstra a potencial aplicação da toxina Ts6, seletiva para canais Kv 1.3, para o tratamento de doenças autoimunes. Além disso, indica o uso das toxinas Ts6 e Ts7 como ferramentas para o estudo de características estruturais e funcionais de canais para potássio. In Brazil, Tityus serrulatus (Ts) species is the responsible for the most scorpion accidents and also for the major incidence of accidents caused by venomous animals. About 16 different toxins of Ts venom have been listed so far, being Ts1 the major one. Among these toxins, the neurotoxins with action on sodium and potassium channels are the most interest in the scientific community, due to their effect in the envenomation and ion channel specificity. The neurotoxins with action on potassium channels are composed of an ?-helix and three ?-strands formed by 23-43 amino acid residues. They are classified into four families (?-, ?-, g- and ?- KTx). The ?-KTx family is the most relevant and is divided into 21 subfamilies. These toxins with high specificity for different subtypes of sodium and potassium channels are very important, because they can be used as therapeutic tools to specific target cells. Until now, the fractionation of these toxins was done using a CM-Cellulose-52 column, according to the protocol of Arantes and co-workers (1989). The present work standardized a new method of isolation using the same column, but incorporated the use of HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography), in which was observed a chromatographic profile such as the previous one (XIII Fractions), however with high resolution and more practical. Some fraction of the previous method were divided in two subfractions (VIA-VIB, VIIIA-VIIIB, IXA-IXB e XIA-XIB), showing that the new method also present high resolution. Using the new method, it was isolated the Ts6 and Ts7 toxin. The effects of these toxins were evaluated in 14 different types of potassium channels (Kv1.1, Kv1.2, Kv1.3, Kv1.4, Kv1.5, Kv1.6, Kv2.1, Kv3.1, Kv4.3, Kv7.1, Kv7.2, Kv7.4, hERG and Shaker), which were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes using the voltage-clamp technique with twomicroelectrodes. The Ts6 toxin (1?M) shows to act on 11 types of potassium channels (Kv1.1, Kv1.2, Kv1.3, Kv1.5, Kv1.6, Kv4.3, Kv7.1, Kv7.2, Kv7.4, hERG and Shaker), but the blocking of Kv1.2 and Kv1.3 was significantly more intense. Using dose-response experiments, it was possible to confirm this selectivity, in which Ts6 demonstrates to act in both channels in extremely low quantities (IC50 Kv1.2 = 6,19 ± 0,35 nM /IC50 Kv1.3 = 0,55 ± 0,20 nM). The Ts7 toxin (1?M) shows to act on 11 types of potassium channels (Kv1.1, Kv1.2, Kv1.3, Kv1.5, Kv1.6, Kv4.3, Kv7.1, Kv7.2, Kv7.4, hERG and Shaker), but the blocking action on multiple subtypes channels showed no significant differences, showing low selectivity among the channels analyzed. This work was important to improve and facilitate the method of fractionation of Ts venom, as well as evaluate the electrophysiology properties of the toxins Ts6 and Ts7 of interacting with different types of potassium channels. These studies will be essential for future applications of these toxins as drugs to treat channelpathies or as tools to study potassium channels structurally and functionally.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Munir, Hussan, and Misagh Moayyed. "Systematic Literature Review and Controlled Pilot Experimental Evaluation of Test Driven Development (TDD) vs. Test-Last Development (TLD)." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4117.

Full text

Abstract:

Context: Test-Driven development (TDD) is a software development approach where test cases are written before actual development of the code in iterative cycles. TDD has gained attention of many software practitioners during the last decade since it has suggested several benefits in the software development process. However, empirical evidence of its dominance in terms of internal code quality, external code quality and productivity is fairly limited. Objectives: The aim behind conducting this study is to explore what has been achieved so far in the field of Test-driven development. The study reports the benefits and limitation of TDD compared to TLD and the outcome variables in all the reported studies along with their measurement criteria. Additionally, an experiment is conducted to see the impact of Test-driven development (TDD) on internal code quality, external code quality and productivity compared to Test-Last development (TLD). Methods: In this study two research methodologies are used specifically systematic literature review according to Kitchenham guidelines and controlled pilot experiment. In systematic literature review number of article sources are considered and used, including Inspec, Compendex, ACM, IEEE Xplore, Science direct (Elsevier) and ISI web of science. A review protocol is created first to ensure the objectivity and repeatability of the whole process. Second, a controlled experiment is conducted with professional software developers to explore the assumed benefits of Test-Driven development (TDD) compared to Test-Last development (TLD). Results: 9 distinct categories related to Test-driven development (TDD) are found that are investigated and reported in the literature. All the reported experiments revealing very little or no difference in internal code quality, external code quality and productivity in Test-Driven development (TDD) over Test-Last development (TLD). However, results were found contradictory when research methods are taken into account because case studies tend to find more positive results in the favor Test-Driven development (TDD) compared to experiments possibly due to the fact that experiment are mostly conducted in artificially created software development environment and mostly with students as a test subjects. On the other hand, experimental results and statistical analysis show no statistically significant result in the favor TDD compared to TLD. All the values found related to number of acceptance test cases passed (Mann-Whitney U test Exact Sig. 0.185), McCabe’s Cyclomatic complexity (Mann-Whitney U test Exact Sig. 0.063), Branch coverage (Mann-Whitney U test Exact Sig. 0.212), Productivity in terms of number of lines of code per person hours (Independent sample Ttest Sig. 0.686), productivity in terms number of user stories implemented per person hours (Independent sample T-test Sig. 0.835) in experiment are statistically insignificant. However, static code analysis (Independent sample T-test Sig. 0.03) result was found statistically significant but due to the low statistical power of test it was not possible to reject the null hypothesis. The results of the survey revealed that the majority of developers in the experiment prefer TLD over TDD, given the lesser required level of learning curve as well as the minimum effort needed to understand and employ TLD compared to TDD Conclusion: Systematic literature review confirms that the reported benefits of TDD development compared to Test-Last development are very small. However, case studies tend to find more positive results in the favor of Test-Driven development (TDD) compared to Test-Last development (TLD). Similarly, experimental findings are also confirming the fact that TDD has small benefits over TLD. However, given the small effect size there is an indication that (Test-Driven development) TDD endorses less complex code compared to Test-Last development (TLD). Systematic literature review confirms that the reported benefits of TDD development compared to Test-Last development are very small. However, case studies tend to find more positive results in the favor of Test-Driven development (TDD) compared to Test-Last development (TLD). Similarly, experimental findings are also confirming the fact that TDD has small benefits over TLD. However, given the small effect size there is an indication that (Test-Driven development) TDD endorses less complex code compared to Test-Last development (TLD). hassanmunirr@hotmail.com, mm1844@gmail.com

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Kekana, Mmantu Idah. "Dikanegelo tsa bafsa tsa Sepedi." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53416.

Full text

Abstract:

There is a dearth of reading-material in Sepedi for children and youths because the written and reading language in Sepedi is relatively young. Any written texts for children and youths must therefore be in such a way as to be of interest to them. Madiba was a pioneer in such writing. In view of this dearth of reading-material in Sepedi for children and youths, some attempts have been made to translate certain books from other languages in order to fill this gap. However such attempts have proved to be a far outcry to satisfy the existing need of such reading-material. To compound this alarming problem, parents at home do not teach their children how to read. This parental failure is more evident in rural areas where literacy is at its lowest ebb. The thesis outlines the different reader groups and the kinds of the different reader groups as an illustration of the extant deficiency of Sepedi reading-material for children and youths. Though in the Sepedi traditional life there is a spoken or oral literature, the thesis focuses not thereon but on the written form of the literature for children and youths. The method of discussion is descriptive in nature and embarks on social-literacy approach with a strong educational flavour to prepare readers for life and enable the youths to adjust to social and cultural levels in life. In order to prickle the reading interest, pictures, colour, book cover, page lay-out, the letter type and size as well as the easy-to-handle size of the book are all of vital importance. For interest sake, the stories in the books should be read to children not only in class but also at home. The contents of the book should also be appropriate for the particular age group. The structuring of the information should also promote the logical sequence of events. The sentences must be fluent in reading and the vocabulary be appropriate. The title of the book should also stimulate reading interest. Women should venture into the writing of books for children and youths since Sepedi books with stories for daughters are still lacking. Possible steps are suggested to encourage this waiting of reading-material for children and youths. As a written and reading language, Sepedi is a relatively young language and the backlog that exists in this language in respect of child and youth reading-material is ascribable to this. The first written texts of this nature must therefore serve two purposes: in the first place it is used at school as reading-material, and at the same time the reading passages must be so composed and written that they serve as interesting reading-material for the children. School books written on this by Madiba serve as examples of these. These literacy works have therefore been graded in order to provide for those in the different educational levels. It goes without saying that there is a tremendous shortage of the reading-material of this nature. In order to cater for this shortage in some instances attempts have even been made to translate suitable works from other languages so as to provide these to children as supplementary reading-material. In spite of all attempts to overcome this problem, the progress that has been made in this regard so far is praiseworthy although it is far from being enough to satisfy the existing need. The reason for this is, among others, that the sale enjoyed by the written word in Sepedi is determined by the school market. It is also true that the role which the parent must play at home in the teaching of reading is not played especially in rural areas where literacy is not yet established. In order to properly illustrate the existing deficiency in respect of child and youth reading-material in Sepedi, it is essential to outline the different (a) reader groups and (b) the kinds of the different reader groups. An important aspect which the researcher must not lose sight of is that in the Sepedi traditional life dispensation there is literature for the children which however is known as spoken or oral literature which is, as a result thereof, of a different kind especially in respect of the kinds which must be distinguished. A discussion hereof is not undertaken in this thesis; only the written form of the literature for the children and the young people is relevant here. The method in terms of which it is done is mainly descriptive in nature and only where it becomes necessary the information is subjected to interpretation. The approach in terms of which the research is undertaken, is social-literary in nature with a strong educational flavour in order that these works should introduce the readers to and prepare them for life, it must better equip the youth for adjustment to social as well as cultural levels. In order to do that, there exist various strategies which not only make it easier for the reading of texts but also to whet the reading appetite. The reading of the text is expedited by presenting the book in a captivating manner. In the subsequent chapters the extant Sepedi texts are taken through the magnifying glass. Conspicuous inclinations and tendencies are highly-lighted and discussed, since stories for daughters are still lacking and that women should venture into the writing of books for children and youths. Reasons for this are sought and possible steps are suggested to encourage the writing of reading-material for children and youths. As skryf-en-leestaal is Sepedi n betreklike jong taal, en die agterstand wat in die taal t.o.v. kinder-en-jeuglektuur bestaan, kan hieraan toegeskryf word. Die eerste geskrewe tekste van die aard moes dus n dubbele doel dien: vereers is dit as leesmaterial op skool gebruik, en terselfdertyd moes die leesstukke so saamgestel en geskryf word dat dit interessante leesstof vir die kinders kon dien. Die skoolboekies wat daarom deur Madiba geskryf is, is dan ook voorbeelde hiervan. Die werkies is derhalwe so gegradeer dat hulle vir die in die verskillende opvoedkundige vlakke voorsiening maak. Dat daar n geweldige tekort aan leesstoff van die aard bestaan, spreek vanself. Ter aanvulling van die tekort is daar by geleenheid selfs gepoog om geskikte werkies uit tale te verhaal, en as bykommende leesstof vir die kinders daar te stel. Ten spyte van al die pogins om hierdie problem die hoof te bied, is die voordering wat hiermee gemaak is, wel prysenswaardig, maar nie by benadering voldoende om aan die bestaande behoefte te voldoen nie. Die rede hiervoor is o.a. dat die afset wat die geskrewe woord in Sepedi geniet, deur die skoolmark bepaal word. Ook is dit waar dat die rol wat die ouer tuis met die leesopvoeding moet speel, nie plaasvind nie, veral in die landelike gebiede waar geletterdheid nog nie behoorlik gevistig was nie. Om die leemte wat t.o.v kinder-en-jeug-lektuur in Sepedi bestaan, behoorlik toe te lig, is dit nodig om die verskillende (a) lesergroepe en (b) genres vir die onderskeie lesergroepe uiteen te sit. n Belangrike saak wat die ondersoeker egter nie uit die oog mag verloor nie, is dat daar in die traditionale lewensbestel van die Sepedi wel n letterkunde bekend is, as gevolg waarvan dit ook ondersoortig is veral t.o.v. die genres wat onderskei word. n Bespreking hiervan word nie in hierdie proefskrif onderneem nie, slegs die geskrewe vorm van die literatuur vir die kinders en jong mense is hier ter sake. Die metode waarvolgens dit geskied, is hoofsaklik beskrywend van aard, en slegs waar dit nodig is, word die gegewens aan interpretasie onderwerp. Dir werkwyse waarbinne die ondersoek onderneem word, is sosiaal-literer van aard met n sterk opvoedkundige inslag daar hierdie werke die lesers daarvan moet inlei en voorberei vir die lewe; dit moet die aanpassing van die jeug op sowel sociale as kulturele vlak vergemaklik. Om dit te kan doen, bestaan daar verskillende strategee vat nie net die lees van tekste moet vergemaklik nie, maar ook n leesgierigheid moet aanwakker. Die lees van die teks word aangehelp deurdat die boek aantreklik aangebied word. In die hieropvolgende hoofstrukke word die bestande Sepedi tekste onder die vergrootglas geneem. Opvallende neigings en tendense word uitgelig en besprek soos dat verhale vir dogters nog ontbreek en dat vroue hulle nog aan die skrywe van kinders en jeug boeke moet waag. Redes hiervoor word gesoek, en moontlike stappe word aan die hand gedoen om die skrywe aan kinder-en-jeuglektuur aan te moedig. Thesis (DLitt)--University of Pretoria, 2015. African Languages DLitt Unrestricted

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Karlsson, Hanna. "Styrd tid är stulen tid, kontrollerad tid är fri tid : Om fyra kvinnors syn på tid och hur den används." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-97712.

Full text

Abstract:

Syftet med denna uppsats är att studera fyra kvinnors syn på tid, struktur och kreativitet på servicedesignbyrån Transformator design. Genom intervjuer och deltagande observation undersöker jag hur tid, struktur och kreativitet samspelar för mina informanter, och hur de använder tiden. Slutsatsen av denna studie är i korthet att kontrollen av tid är viktig för upplevelsen av tid. Strukturer, synliga och osynliga, är centrala för att se och förstå tiden och upprätthålla kontrollen av tid. Informanternas strävan är att skapa fylld tid, som är värdefull tid, och genom kontroll av tiden skapa en positiv känsla av att ha tid. Det är då kreativiteten släpps fri. The purpose of this thesis is to study four women's view of time, structure and creativity at the service design agency Transformer design. Through interviews and participant observation, I examine how time, structure and creativity interact for them, and how they use time. The conclusion of this study is in brief that the control of time is important to the experience of time. Structure, visible and invisible, is central to see and understand time and maintain control of the time. The informant's aim to create filled time, which is valuable time, and by controlling time they create a positive sense of having time. That's when creativity is released.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

MATHIEU, THIERRY. "Les anticoprs anti-recepteurs de la tsh (tsi et tbii) : approche physiopathologique et etudes de corelation : a propos de 95 observations." Lille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL2M040.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Szantho, von Radnoth Julia. "Vom Bewusstsein des Todes und dem Umgang damit : Betrachtung anhand einiger Phänomenologen des 20. Jahrhunderts /." Marburg : Tectum-Verl, 2009. http://d-nb.info/992328985/04.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Léger, Elodie. "Interprétation des pronoms clitiques objets chez les enfants avec TSA et chez les enfants avec TSL. : étude comparative en suivi du regard." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR2025/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Bien que les troubles du langage formel affectent une grande partie des enfants avec Trouble du Spectre Autistique (TSA), leur nature reste encore incertaine. Certaines études postulent que le trouble observable chez ces enfants est de même nature que celui dont souffrent les enfants avec trouble spécifique du langage (TSL), tandis que d’autres argumentent en faveur de deux troubles qui diffèrent dans leur étiologie. Au centre de ce débat réside la complexité à recueillir des données sur le langage chez les enfants avec TSA, notamment quand il s’agit de participer de manière active. Dans cette étude, nous explorons l’interprétation en temps réel des indices grammaticaux chez des enfants avec TSA monolingues francophones, en nous intéressant aux pronoms clitiques objets, dont la faible production en contexte obligatoire a été proposée comme marqueur du TSL pour le français It is well-known that children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often have language impairment. However, the nature of this impairment is still largely unknown. Some studies hold that language impairment in children with ASD is of the same nature as impairment found in children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI), whereas others argue that SLI and language impairment in ASD may be different both in their structure and their etiology. At the heart of this debate lies the difficulty of assessing language abilities of children with ASD, especially when active participation is required. Moreover, to date, few studies have investigated formal aspects of language in children with ASD in languages other than English. In this study, we explore real-time interpretation of grammatical cues in French-speaking children with ASD, with a focus on object clitics

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Léger, Elodie. "Interprétation des pronoms clitiques objets chez les enfants avec TSA et chez les enfants avec TSL. : étude comparative en suivi du regard." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR2025.

Full text

Abstract:

Bien que les troubles du langage formel affectent une grande partie des enfants avec Trouble du Spectre Autistique (TSA), leur nature reste encore incertaine. Certaines études postulent que le trouble observable chez ces enfants est de même nature que celui dont souffrent les enfants avec trouble spécifique du langage (TSL), tandis que d’autres argumentent en faveur de deux troubles qui diffèrent dans leur étiologie. Au centre de ce débat réside la complexité à recueillir des données sur le langage chez les enfants avec TSA, notamment quand il s’agit de participer de manière active. Dans cette étude, nous explorons l’interprétation en temps réel des indices grammaticaux chez des enfants avec TSA monolingues francophones, en nous intéressant aux pronoms clitiques objets, dont la faible production en contexte obligatoire a été proposée comme marqueur du TSL pour le français It is well-known that children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often have language impairment. However, the nature of this impairment is still largely unknown. Some studies hold that language impairment in children with ASD is of the same nature as impairment found in children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI), whereas others argue that SLI and language impairment in ASD may be different both in their structure and their etiology. At the heart of this debate lies the difficulty of assessing language abilities of children with ASD, especially when active participation is required. Moreover, to date, few studies have investigated formal aspects of language in children with ASD in languages other than English. In this study, we explore real-time interpretation of grammatical cues in French-speaking children with ASD, with a focus on object clitics

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Rüve, Gerlind. "Scheintod : zur kulturellen Bedeutung der Schwelle zwischen Leben und Tod um 1800 /." Bielefeld : Transcript, 2008. http://d-nb.info/98675658X/04.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Серков, Олександр Анатолійович, Г. І. Чурюмов, Віталій Сергійович Бреславець та Максим Юрьевич Толкачов. "Модель TSA". Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2017. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/44234.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Desjardins, Nicholas. "On Applying Methods for Graph-TSP to Metric TSP." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35613.

Full text

Abstract:

The Metric Travelling Salesman Problem, henceforth metric TSP, is a fundamental problem in combinatorial optimization which consists of finding a minimum cost Hamiltonian cycle (also called a TSP tour) in a weighted complete graph in which the costs are metric. Metric TSP is known to belong to a class of problems called NP-hard even in the special case of graph-TSP, where the metric costs are based on a given graph. Thus, it is highly unlikely that efficient methods exist for solving large instances of these problems exactly. In this thesis, we develop a new heuristic for metric TSP based on extending ideas successfully used by Mömke and Svensson for the special case of graph-TSP to the more general case of metric TSP. We demonstrate the efficiency and usefulness of our heuristic through empirical testing. Additionally, we turn our attention to graph-TSP. For this special case of metric TSP, there has been much recent progress with regards to improvements on the cost of the solutions. We find the exact value of the ratio between the cost of the optimal TSP tour and the cost of the optimal subtour linear programming relaxation for small instances of graph-TSP, which was previously unknown. We also provide a simplified algorithm for special graph-TSP instances based on the subtour linear programming relaxation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Polzer, Joachim. "Videodisk TED Bildplatte." Doctoral thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze. Filmová a televizní fakulta AMU. Knihovna, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-97011.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Larsson, Annette, and Natalie Nilsson. "Sjuksköterskans patientnära tid." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26502.

Full text

Abstract:

Bakgrund: Kompetensbeskrivning för legitimerad sjuksköterska beskriver att det är sjuksköterskans ansvar att ge patienten en god och säker vård ur ett etiskt perspektiv samt genom beprövad erfarenhet. Patientnärmre vård är ett arbetssätt som sätter patienten och dennes problem och behov i centrum. Omvårdnadens kvalitet ökar och ger en snabbare rehabiliteringstid för patienten.Syfte: Att granska vad den patientnära tiden innebär för sjuksköterskan och se vad den innehåller. Hur mycket tid, totalt, läggs ner på patientnära tid under ett dagspass? Metod: Empirisk, strukturerad icke deltagande observationsstudie med kvantitativ och kvalitativ ansats. Det kvantitativa resultatet har bearbetats och presenteras i form av diagram och text. Det kvalitativa resultatet har analyserats med latent innehållsanalys.Resultat: Studien visade att den patientnära tiden var låg på den observerade avdelningen. Den uppmätta genomsnittliga patientnära tiden var 15, 5 % av ett dagspass mellan 7.00-13.00. Huvuddelen av den patientnära tiden ägnades åt omvårdnadsåtgärder. Slutsats: Resultatet visar att ett behov av förändring i sjuksköterskornas arbete och dess organisering är utmärkande. Background: The Competence Description for Swedish Certified Nurse describes the nurse's responsibility to give the patient a good and safe care from an ethical perspective and through proven experience. The patient focused work method is an approach that places the patient and his problems and needs in the centre. Nursing care quality increases and gives a quicker rehabilitation time for the patient. Objective: To examine what the direct patient time means to the nurse and see what it contains. How much time, total, spent on direct patient time in a day's work? Method: Empirical, structured non-participant observational study with quantitative and qualitative approach. The quantitative result have been processed and is presented in the form of diagrams and text. The qualitative results were analyzed with latent content analysis. Results: The study showed that the direct patient time was low at the observed ward. The measured average direct patient time was 15,5 % of a day between 7.00-13.00. Most of the direct patient time was devoted for care measures.Conclusion: The result shows that a need for change in the nurses work and its organization is eminent.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Olson, Ted. "Ted Olson's Poetry." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1122.

Full text

Abstract:

Ted Olson was the featured poet for the symposium who presented “Scotland the Brave: A Nation's Legacy in Literature and Folklore,” "When First Unto This Country: The Flow of Scottish and Scots-Irish Culture to the American South in Song and Story," "Darkness and Revelation: Ted Olson's Poetry".

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Westlund, Ingrid. "Skolbarn av sin tid : En studie av skolbarns upplevelse av tid." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Univ, 1996. http://WWW.Bibl.Liu.Se/liupubl/disp/disp96/ipp49s.htm.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Perez, Francisca. "Engelska förkunskaper över tid -Elevers förändring i engelska förkunskaper över tid." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-67738.

Full text

Abstract:

The English language is becoming more common in our society. Research shows that students learn English in their spare time as well as in the classroom. The purpose of the study is to investigate teachers’ experiences of students’ previous knowledge in English, if it has changed over time in speech and vocabulary and what sources the teachers perceive that the students meet in their spare time. I considered it appropriate to use qualitative data collection in the form of semi structured interviews with experienced teachers. The result shows that the teachers in my study can see a change in previous knowledge over time and that the sources are often connected to the internet. I found that both the previous research and the results of my data in this study agree that extramural English is rewarding for students’ English knowledge. There has been a big change in an increased level of previous knowledge in English. An important conclusion is that this increase of previous knowledge contributes to greater variation of knowledge among students, which puts higher demands on teachers to individualize the teaching.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Berglund, Maria, and Malin Larsson. "Tid kan betyda mycket -En undersökning om elevers förståelse för tid." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-30812.

Full text

Abstract:

Vårt syfte med examensarbetet var att undersöka elevers förståelse för begreppet tid. Vi ville även undersöka lärarnas föreställningar om vad eleverna har för kunskaper och förståelse för begreppet tid. Vi tror att bristande tilltro till sitt eget tänkande, kan bero på utebliven förståelse mellan pedagogen och elevernas erfarenheter. Därför anser vi att det är viktigt att utgå ifrån elevernas förståelse. Vi ville testa en sorts analys för att få ett hjälpmedel för vår kommande matematikundervisning. För att få svar på våra frågor använde vi oss av enkäter och djupintervjuer. Vi fann att begreppspiralen är ett bra hjälpmedel som ger tydliga resultat på var eleven befinner sig i sin matematikutveckling. Vi upptäckte även att kunskaper i matematik är situationsbundet då eleverna visade olika förståelse i olika situationer. Vårt syfte med examensarbetet var att undersöka elevers förståelse för begreppet tid. Vi ville även undersöka lärarnas föreställningar om vad eleverna har för kunskaper och förståelse för begreppet tid. Vi tror att bristande tilltro till sitt eget tänkande, kan bero på utebliven förståelse mellan pedagogen och elevernas erfarenheter. Därför anser vi att det är viktigt att utgå ifrån elevernas förståelse. Vi ville testa en sorts analys för att få ett hjälpmedel för vår kommande matematikundervisning. För att få svar på våra frågor använde vi oss av enkäter och djupintervjuer. Vi fann att begreppspiralen är ett bra hjälpmedel som ger tydliga resultat på var eleven befinner sig i sin matematikutveckling. Vi upptäckte även att kunskaper i matematik är situationsbundet då eleverna visade olika förståelse i olika situationer.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Rydberg, Christina. "En annan tid : Definitioner av tid i franska uppslagsverk, 1690-1835." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för kultur och estetik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-169814.

Full text

Abstract:

Another time. Definitions of time in French encyclopedias, 1690-1835 The point of departure for this study is the common conception that the idea of time became "modern" in the late 18th century, meaning among other things a new, future-oriented and empowered individual. Such a view has been expressed by scholars like Lynn Hunt, Lucian Hölscher, François Hartog, Dan Edelstein as well as Reinhart Koselleck. This thesis investigates whether such a transformation is visible in eight French encyclopedias, published between 1690 and 1835. Definitions of time-related key-words are studied from a perspective of conceptual history and discourse analysis. The result of the study indicates a change in the notion of time. However, this change does not concur with the presumed breakthrough of "modernity". The dominant change is rather words that disappear during the period. The study argues that the dichotomy of time versus eternity was questioned, which changed the expectations. Definitions eventually turned away from a predetermined future, however they did not include an individual freedom to act. A new temporal consciousness is visible with the update of history, as pointed out by Koselleck. Mythology was mocked when definitions underlined rationality. The texts substituted religion with science. Diversity between individual definitions is visible mostly during the middle of the 18th century. Finally, the study discusses a possible time lag for encyclopedias used as witnesses of a discourse. Autres temps. Les définitions du temps des encyclopédies françaises, 1690-1835 La notion de temps au sens moderne semble avoir pris forme vers la fin du 18e siècle. Cette conception du temps comme « moderne » implique entre autres choses que l'homme est conscient de la dimension temporelle, et de sa liberté de créer son propre avenir. Depuis les années 1960, plusieurs penseurs, dont François Hartog, Lynn Hunt, Lucian Hölscher, Dan Edelstein et Reinhart Koselleck, ont abordé ce décalage de la dite notion. Dans cette thèse sont examinés les changements de la notion du temps à travers les définitions de huit encyclopédies publiées entre 1690 et 1835. Au 18e siècle, les dictionnaires et les encyclopédies jouaient un rôle important quant au savoir et à la maitrise de la langue. Les analyses des définitions sont conduites à la lumière des théories conceptuelles et discursives. Les résultats de l'étude, dont le matériau s'étend sur 150 ans, confirment un changement de la notion de temps mais non pas celui dont a parlé la recherche antérieure. Les définitions témoignent d'un certain nombre d'effacements et de substitutions de différentes parties des textes. Les textes semblent avoir été plus homogènes au début et à la fin du 18e siècle et plus hétérogènes au milieu du même siècle. Les références religieuses s'y sont souvent substituées à des textes provenant des sciences naturelles, comme par exemple la mécanique. Successivement, les explications mythologiques étaient qualifiées de purs « mythes ». La dichotomie temps—éternité est remise en question et commence à disparaître. Selon d'autres chercheurs dans ce domaine, cela signifie une des conditions d'un futur non prédéterminé. Cependant, même au début du 19e siècle, les définitions parlent d'un futur contingent et non d'un homme maître de son propre futur. Pendant cette période (1690-1835), il y a aussi eu lieu un changement dans la façon de concevoir la notion d' «histoire », un phénomène qui a été souligné par Koselleck. Ce changement semble avoir entrainé une nouvelle conceptualisation de la temporalité. Dans la thèse sont discutées les encyclopédies comme étant des sources scientifiques et la possibilité d'un « time lag » dû aux définitions comparées au discours où celles-ci sont produites. Les résultats montrent l'introduction apparemment tardive d'un nouveau discours. Masterprogram i historiska studier, inriktning idéhistoria

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Rantala, Fredrik, and Skattberg Hampus Larsson. "In the Spirit of TED : En retorisk analys av populärvetenskapliga TED-föreläsningar." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-29345.

Full text

Abstract:

Syftet med denna studie var att analysera vetenskapliga föreläsningar på onlineplattformen TED (technology, entertainment, design) och försöka förstå hur föreläsarna använder sig av klassiska retoriska begrepp. Anledningen var att vi ansåg att denna form av retorisk diskurs kan vara en potentiell lösning till några av de problem som existerar inom vetenskapskommunikation. Vi undersökte TED eftersom det i nuläget är den populäraste föreläsningsplattformen på internet.Vi har analyserat fyra vetenskapligt orienterade föreläsningar med hjälp av retorikanalys. Genom detta perspektiv har vi undersökt föreläsningarnas kontext, hur föreläsarna använder sig av klassisk retorisk disposition, hur de använder argumentationsmedel och vilka stilfigurer de lägger mest fokus på. Vi förhöll oss även till retorisk situationsteori för att förstå helheten bakom föreläsningarna.Vi sammanställde sedan materialet för att se vad alla föreläsningarna har för gemensamma aspekter. Resultatet visade att föreläsarna delade ett antal retoriska aspekter i sina tal. Från ett dispositionsperspektiv visade föreläsarna likheter med placering av tes och brist på motargument i talet. Föreläsarna lade också mest fokus på övertalningsmedlet logos och de använde mer frekvent stilfigurerna exempel, liknelse, och metafor.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Erbelding, Mascha. ""Mit dem Tod spielt man nicht ..." Gestalt und Funktion des Todes im Figurentheater des 20. Jahrhunderts." Frankfurt/M. Puppen und Masken, 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2775263&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Piercecchi, Marco. "Undersökning av affinitet till TS1-218, TS1-2182 och HE1-Q enkelkedjeantikroppar i multicellulära tumörsfäroider cytokeratin 8 för TS1-218, TS1-2182 och HE1-Q enkelkedjeantikroppar i multicellulära tumörsfäroider." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för kemi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-4987.

Full text

Abstract:

In vitro-test för upptäckt och behandling av tumör eller mikrometastaser har de senaste 30 åren gjort stora framsteg tack vare immunokemi och nya framgångsrika cellodlings- tekniker som bättre reproducerar celltillväxt i tre dimensioner (3D) och det omgivande stromat (multicellulär tumörsfäroidodling). TS1-218 scFv (single chain variable fragment) är en monoklonal antikropp som har affinitet till ett protein tillhörande cytoskelettet (cytokeratin). Av TS1-218 har skapats olika varianter (en dimer TS1-2182 och en mutant HE1-Q) med syftet att öka affinitet och retentionstid på platsen för dess verkan. I det här projektet försökte vi att testa och jämföra egenskaper hos alla 3 joderade antikropparna genom att inkubera odlade Hela Hep 2 tumörcellssfäroider med dessa antikroppar. Alla tre antikroppsvarianter visade god förmåga att penetrera sfäroider och att binda deras epitop i cytokeratin 8. Försöken visade att det fanns affinitetsskillnader mellan TS1-218 monomer, dimer och mutant vilket visade sig som olika inbindningsförmåga till sfäroiderna.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Hydén, Anna. "Änglamöten i vår tid." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Religionsvetenskap, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-2427.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Feng, Yinda. "Ant colony for TSP." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Datateknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-4824.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of this work is to investigate Ant Colony Algorithm for the traveling salesman problem (TSP). Ants of the artificial colony are able to generate successively shorter feasible tours by using information accumulated in the form of a pheromone trail deposited on the edges of the TSP graph. This paper is based on the ideas of ant colony algorithm and analysis the main parameters of the ant colony algorithm. Experimental results for solving TSP problems with ant colony algorithm show great effectiveness.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Cyon, Nikolaj. "Land, tid & rättvisa." Thesis, Kungl. Konsthögskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kkh:diva-29.

Full text

Abstract:

Verket består av en text. Fokus är på frågeställningen om hur mycket land vi har per person och vad pengar är, samt hur land och pengar ger makt. Texten lägger fram fakta samt undersöker land och pengar ur olika synvinklar. Texten framlägger tesen att statistik kring genomsnittlig mängd land per person är en meningsfull måttstock samt att konstnärer kan göra en bättre valuta en dagens dominerande valutor i världen. [I examensarbetet ingår utställningen "Din Teg av Jorden - A Theory of Land and Time":] Guerilla garden grown vegetables being offered for time money, six square meters (6 m²) of tomatoes - your share of the global tomato harvest (/global area used for growing tomatoes) and facts & visualizations of other agricultural statistics (and info about the other almost 2 000 m² used for growing your food/info about the other 1 990 m² of your share of arable land) :Documentation from a drone of a performance where I (Nikolaj/the artist/ingeting?) measured up 21 275 m² of land – your share of land you would get if we divided the land surface of the planet in seven billion equal parts – with tape in the form of a triangle in Botkyrka a Suburb to Stockholm during the Subtopia art ferstival there. Squlpture (/installation) of all the different biomes (/climate types/zones)of the planet that make up your share of land, each land strip is shaped like the ones that divided the farms in the medeval open field system in most part of Europe, a very fair but ultimately inefficient system that guarantied that everyone got a slive of the best land, the second best land and so on. The land strips form a 1:200 scale form of 2/3 of Kastelholmen a island just next to the school for size comparsion. Material: Mixed media Teknik: Många

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Wolter, Eike. "Der Tod in Tinte : Eine Untersuchung zum Thema Tod in Cornelia Funkes Tintentrilogie." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-24088.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Bengtsson, Andreas, and Dan Johansson. "Slösa inte med patientens tid : En kvantitativ studie om ambulanssjukvårdens tid med strokepatienten." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för vård, arbetsliv och välfärd, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-10085.

Full text

Abstract:

I Sverige drabbas cirka 30 000 personer av stroke varje år. Stroke kan vara ett livshotande tillstånd med hög mortalitet samt är den främsta orsaken till neurologiskt handikapp och kan innebära ett livslång lidande. Tidigare forskning visar att tiden från symtomdebut till trombolysbehandling har stor betydelse för att minska de neurologiska skadorna hos patienter som drabbas av stroke. Dock saknas det studier som undersöker tidsåtgången prehospitalt vad gäller ambulanssjukvårdens tid på plats hos patienten. Studien syftade till att genom journalgranskning undersöka de dokumenterade åtgärderna och tiden på plats som ambulanssjukvården spenderat hos patienter med stroke. En kvantitativ ansats med retroperspektiv journalgranskning valdes som metod. Utgångsmaterial var uppföljningsprotokoll från röntgenavdelningen där 137 patienter fått trombolysbehandling under 2014 och 2015. Efter exklusionskriterier granskades 121 journaler. Med bakgrund av internationella riktlinjer valdes 15 minuter som riktvärde av tid på plats för jämförande. Resultatet visade att ambulanspersonalen i snitt spenderar 19,5 (2-54) minuter på plats hos patienter som drabbats av stroke och fått trombolysbehandling. Studien fann ingen signifikant skillnad av antal dokumenterade åtgärder hos patienter där sjuksköterskan spenderat mindre än 15 minuter respektive mer än 15 minuter. Utifrån medeltiden hos de granskade fallen i studien samt att det saknas specifika tidsmål i nationella riktlinjer ges rekommendationen att införa specifika tidsmål i riktlinjer samt att begränsa åtgärder på plats hos patienten till att säkra och stabilisera ABC samt att genomföra AKUT-test.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Silwer, Slavi. "Fritid och fri tid - en studie om hur barn uppplever sin lediga tid." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-28215.

Full text

Abstract:

Syftet med mitt arbete är att genom en deskriptiv studie kartlägga vad barn gör på sin fritid som skapar känsla av sammanhang och meningsfullhet och hur de upplever sammanhang och meningsfullhet under sin fritid.Studien bygger på en kvalitativt inriktad metod via intervjuer med fem flickor och fem pojkar i ålder 9-10 år. Intervjuguiden har utformats via litteratursökning och egna kunskaper om barn. Resultatet studeras utifrån Antonovskys teorin om Känsla av sammanhang (KASAM).Resultatet visar att barnen i denna studie beskriver sin fritid som meningsfull. Fritidssysselsättningen upplevs positivt och tillfredsställande. Alla barnen i denna studie är engagerade i föreningslivet och bedriver någon form av organiserade fritidsaktivteter. De har god självbild och känner sig nöjda med sig själv och sin situation för övrigt. Det sociala nätverket består av vuxna och kamrater t.ex. föräldrarna, skol- och fritidspersonal, före-ningsinstruktörer och klasskamrater. Sammanfattningsvis pekar resultaten av min studie på att barnen upplever sin fritid som begriplig, hanterbar och meningsfull.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Bodell, Marie Therese. "Min tid är andras tid : Ett livsformsperspektiv på mödrars vardagsliv i Nya Zeeland." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-29348.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'TSD'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles