Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'TSAPU'

Scheduling is a complex activity that is needed in a large number of fields, which can involve heterogeneous factors and that may have different goals. In this thesis, scheduling problems that involve the air traffic field at different phases are faced. At each phase, the different characteristics of the problems are considered, devoting special attention to uncertainty. Given the heterogeneous characteristics and goals of the problems, different models and methods are proposed to solve each of them. The first analyzed phase is the strategic phase. It takes place around six months before the operation of flights, when they need to be assigned scheduled departure and arrival times at the airports where they operate. Future capacity realizations are very difficult to forecast at this phase, as capacity is influenced by weather conditions. A two-stage stochastic programming model with two alternative formulations is proposed to capture this uncertainty. Since the number of scenarios may be extreme, Sample Average Approximation is used to solve the model. The utilization of the proposed model allows to identify advantageous tradeoffs between schedule/request discrepancies, i.e., the distance between the allocated schedule and airline requests, and operational delays. This tradeoff can result in substantial reductions of the cost of delays for airlines. In the computational experiments, delays were reduced up to 45% on an instance representing a network of European airports. The second considered phase is the tactical phase, which takes place on the day of operation of flights. At this time, complete flight plans need to be defined, specifying the route and operation times of flights. This is done considering two different sources of uncertainty. First, uncertainty on capacity availability is taken into account, similarly to the strategic phase. However, the number of capacity realization scenarios is now small, as they can be defined using available weather forecasts. The problem of minimizing delay costs considering this source of uncertainty is the Stochastic Air Traffic Flow Management problem. A two-stage stochastic programming model with two alternative formulations is proposed to solve this problem. An ad-hoc heuristic that takes advantage of the good structure of the model is used to solve problem instances within short computation times. The analysis of the Value of the Stochastic Solution shows that the proposed stochastic model can significantly reduce delay costs when bad weather affects the whole network. Second, the implicit uncertainty on the departure time of flights is taken into account. This kind of uncertainty involves operations that may cause a delay on the scheduled departure time of a flight. The flexibility of the scheduled time of departure, as well as the other flight operations, is determined defining time windows within which flights are granted capacity resources to operate. The narrower a time window, the more critical a flight operation. The problem of minimizing delay cost and maximizing time windows is faced by the Air Traffic Flow Management Problem with Time Windows. The problem is formulated with two alternative deterministic models, one of which is able to provide time windows in 40" on average for instances involving over 6,000 flights. Less conservative criteria to reserve capacity within time windows can also be used. Despite not granting the possibility for a flight to execute its operations at every instant of a time window, the implementation of these alternative criteria is shown to be viable. In fact, less than 0.14% of flights were subject to capacity shortages in the analyzed cases. Finally, the operational phase takes place when operations are being executed. The goal at this phase is to manage the final departure times announced by flights - with uncertain information becoming deterministic - allowing them to depart at the announced time even if this time exceeds the assigned departure time window. This problem is named Real Time Flight Rescheduling with Time Windows. Resources are provided to flights that need them by reallocating previously reserved capacity with an algorithm that follows the Ration-By-Schedule mechanism. Both the practical usage of time windows and the impact of collaboration among airlines are studied. While airline collaboration limits time window flexibility up to some time before the scheduled departure of a flight, it can allow to reduce additional flight delays by over 14%. This thesis is a first work that involves determining flight schedules from the moment of their definition to the time of execution of flights. Providing cost reductions by considering the different factors that influence each decision phase can lead to a global improvement of the management of flight operations, whose delays are very expensive in practice for airlines.

Mon travail de doctorat a consisté en l'étude de deux gènes, TSAP6 et TCTP, qui sont régulés de manière différentielle dans la réversion tumorale. Les protéines encodées par ces deux gènes interagissent et forment un complexe tant in vitro que in vivo. Mon objectif était de mieux comprendre la fonction biologique de ces deux gènes. Différentes approches ont été employées, notamment la cristallographie (TCTP), souris knockout (TSAP6 et TCTP) et études par mutagénèse dirigée (TSAP6 et TCTP). <br />Les souris knockout pour le gène tsap6 présentent une anémie microcytaire. Nous démontrons que cette anémie est due à un retard de maturation des réticulocytes ainsi qu'à une sécrétion défectueuse du récepteur à la Transferrine par les exosomes. Étant donné que le gène TSAP6 est une cible transcriptionnelle directe de la p53, nous avons voulu analyser la sécrétion des exosomes suite à une stimulation de p53 (par rayon X ou Actinomicine D). Nous montrons qu'en l'absence de TSAP6, on ne parvient pas à stimuler une sécrétion des exosomes. De manière plus générale ces expériences ont démontré que le gène TSAP6 avait in vivo un rôle prédominant dans la sécrétion des exosomes, y compris suite à l'activation de la p53. <br />Nous avons surtout étudié le rôle que joue TCTP dans l'apoptose. La délétion du gène tctp dans les souris knockout est létale en provoquant une augmentation de l'apoptose au cours de l'embryogenèse. Cette mort embryonnaire se produit entre les 6,5ème et 9,5ème jours du développement. La détermination de la structure de la protéine TCTP par cristallographie avec une résolution de 2A montre que la protéine humaine est très homologue à celle de s.pombe. De plus, nous avons observé suite à une analyse informatique une homologie de structure entre les hélices H2 et H3 de TCTP et les hélices H5 et H6 de BAX, une protéine pro-apoptotique impliquée dans la perméabilité de la membrane mitochondriale. On a démontré que grâce à ces deux hélices, TCTP effectue son action anti-apoptotique et inhibe la dimérisation de BAX à la membrane des mitochondries, empêchant ainsi l'apoptose.<br />Nous montrons également que la Sertraline et la Thioridazine, qui induisent la mort des cellules tumorales et une baisse concomitante de TCTP, se lient directement à TCTP et empêchent ainsi la formation du complexe TSAP6-TCTP.

Mon travail de doctorat a consisté en l'étude de deux gènes, TSAP6 et TCTP, qui sont régulés de manière différentielle dans la réversion tumorale. Les protéines encodées par ces deux gènes interagissent et forment un complexe tant in vitro que in vivo. Mon objectif était de mieux comprendre la fonction biologique de ces deux gènes. Différentes approches ont été employées, notamment la cristallographie (TCTP), souris knockout (TSAP6 et TCTP) et études par mutagénèse dirigée (TSAP6 et TCTP). Les souris knockout pour le gène tsapô présentent une anémie microcytaire. Nous démontrons que cette anémie est due à un retard de maturation des réticulocytes ainsi qu'à une sécrétion défectueuse du récepteur à la Transferrine par les exosomes. Étant donné que le gène TSAP6 est une cible transcriptionnelle directe de la p53, nous avons voulu analyser la sécrétion des exosomes suite à une stimulation de p53 (par rayon X ou Actinomicine D). Nous montrons qu'en l'absence de TSAP6, on ne parvient pas à stimuler une sécrétion des exosomes. De manière plus générale ces expériences ont démontré que le gène TSAP6 avait in vivo un rôle prédominant dans la sécrétion des exosomes, y compris suite à l'activation de la p53. Nous avons surtout étudié le rôle que joue TCTP dans l'apoptose. La délétion du gène tctp dans les souris knockout est létale en provoquant une augmentation de l'apoptose au cours de l'embryogenèse. Cette mort embryonnaire se produit entre les 6,5ème et 9,5eme jours du développement. La détermination de la structure de la protéine TCTP par cristallographie avec une résolution de 2A montre que la protéine humaine est très homologue à celle de s. Pombe. De plus, nous avons observé suite à une analyse informatique une homologie de structure entre les hélices H2 et H3 de TCTP et les hélices H5 et H6 de BAX, une protéine pro-apoptotique impliquée dans la perméabilité de la membrane mitochondriale. On a démontré que grâce à ces deux hélices, TCTP effectue son action anti-apoptotique et inhibe la dimérisation de BAX à la membrane des mitochondries, empêchant ainsi l'apoptose. Nous montrons également que la Sertraline et la Thioridazine, qui induisent la mort des cellules tumorales et une baisse concomitante de TCTP, se lient directement à TCTP et empêchent ainsi la formation du complexe TSAP6-TCTP<br>My work consisted in a functional study of two genes TSAP6 and TCTP regulated during the process of the tumoral reversion in knockout mice in order to understand their roles during the reversion process. TSAP6-deficient mice display a microcytic anemia due to a defect of the turn-over of Transferrin-Receptor by exosomes in reticulocytes. In these animals, the response to stimulation of apoptosis is also compromised and accompanied by a defect of exosome secretion. The deletion of the lpt1 gene in knockout mice is lethal. The loss of TCTP causes an increase of apoptosis during embryogenesis leading to the death of the embryo between the 6,5 and 9,5th day of the development. The crystal structure of human TCTP revealed a homology between helices H2 and H3 of TCTP and helices H5 and H6 of BAX a proapoptotic protein involved in mitochondrial membrane permeability. We demonstrated that these two helices are responsible for the antiapoptotic function of TCTP and inhibit the dimerization of BAX in the mitochondrial membrane preventing cell death. We also show that Sertraline and Thioridazine which kill cancer cells and decrease TCTP in cells, bind to TCTP and prevent the formation of the TSAP6-TCTP complex. They increase the TSAP6 level and activate TCTP secretion by a pathway independent of exosomes. These results shed light on the function of these two proteins during the process of tumoral reversion

Thesis (MPhil (Afrikaans and Dutch))—University of Stellenbosch, 2005.<br>In this thesis the translating strategies of domestication and foreignisation in Antjie Krog’s anthology die sterre sê ‘tsau’ (2004) are investigated. A descriptive approach is followed in the analysis, with the main focus on Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS) and the poststructuralist concept différance (Derrida 1982). The researcher states that Krog, in her translation of the /Xam narratives, 1) follows a foreignising strategy by moving the target reader towards the source text; 2) is visible as translator as a result of her use of annotations, for example; and 3) that, in addition to foreignisation, she moves the source text towards the target reader by domesticating towards her own poetic style. The introductory chapter is followed by a discussion of those translational models relevant to the analysis. The discussion focuses on Venuti’s (1995) model of domestication/ foreignisation, as well as on some aspects of deconstruction and différance. Lambert and Van Gorp’s (1985) descriptive model is expounded as the primary model for the analysis of the anthology. The following chapter involves a literary historic overview of the language and culture of the /Xam in order to fully contextualise both the source and target texts. In the following chapter the most relevant aspects of Krog’s poetics and translational strategy are discussed as far as they coincide with the main argument of the thesis. In the practical part of the thesis five poems from the anthology are discussed on macro-, micro- and systemic level in order to establish Krog’s translational strategy as well as the presence in the translation of her poetic style. In the final chapter the extent to which the findings in the analysis correspond to the hypothesis is concluded.

Notre travail a consisté à étudier 2 gènes impliqués dans la réversion tumorale et régulés par P53.<br />Nous avons identifié dans le promoteur du gène siah-1b une séquence sur laquelle P53 se lie in vitro et in vivo. De plus, nous avons montré la fonctionnalité de cet élément de réponse suite à l'induction de P53.<br />La particularité de ce site, dont la structure diffère fortement du consensus de liaison de P53 à l'ADN, ouvre de nouvelles perspectives dans l'analyse des mécanismes régulés par P53.<br />L'étude de la protéine TSAP6 murine a permis de caractériser son expression au niveau tissulaire et intracellulaire. La fonction de TSAP6 n'étant pas bien connue, nous avons entrepris de l'analyser dans des modèles animaux portant un gène tsap6 muté ou invalidé.<br />La mutation du gène tsap6 Gln-395-Lys induit l'apparition d'une microcytose et d'un emphysème pulmonaire chez la souris. La caractérisation des mécanismes conduisant à ces phénotypes est en cours et nous permettra de mieux comprendre la fonction de TSAP6.

L'objectif de mon travail de doctorat était une caractérisation fonctionnelle des gènes TCTP et TSAP6. Ces gènes sont impliqués dans la réversion tumorale et forment un complexe protéique. <br />Tpt1, codant pour la protéine TCTP, est le gène le plus sous-exprimé lors de la réversion tumorale. L'analyse du cristal de TCTP humain montre une forte homologie entre ses hélices H2-H3 et les hélices H5-H6 de Bax. Grâce à ses hélices, TCTP inhibe l'apoptose induite par Bax au niveau des mitochondries. En effet, nous démontrons que TCTP, entre autres par le biais de ces hélices, empêche la dimérisation de Bax. <br />Nous avons aussi développé une lignée de souris TCTP knockout qui présentent une létalité embryonnaire précoce.<br />En parallèle, nous avons étudié TSAP6, qui encode pour une protéine à 6 domaines transmembranaires et qui est une cible transcriptionnelle directe de la p53. Nous avons établi une lignée murine TSAP6 knockout présentant une anémie microcytaire avec une splénomégalie. Les réticulocytes issus des souris knockout présentent un retard de maturation et une anomalie de sécrétion du Récepteur à la Transferrine par les exosomes. De manière plus générale, les résultats obtenus montrent, in vivo, que TSAP6 contrôle la sécrétion des exosomes induite par activation de la P53. Nous montrons aussi que la Sertraline et la Thioridazine empêchent la formation du complexe TSAP6-TCTP.

Les enjeux du projet de societe de la communication sont recherches par l'observation de l'implantation de systemes d'information, dans lesquels se concretise la volonte de resoudre des problemes grace a une meilleure information. Le domaine choisi est la medecine. Trois grands buts sont vises par les concepteurs : developper une optique de sante publique, retablir des liens entre les medecines hospitaliere et ambulatoire, ameliorer la formation des praticiens. Sont etudies : g. A. M. I. N. (gestion automatisee de medecine infantile) du ministere de la sante, les tableaux statistiques d'activite des praticiens de la securite sociale et plusieurs systemes scientifiques lies a la pratique medicale. Tous ces systemes echouent largement a realiser leurs objectifs. Sont analysees les explications couramment avancees par les concepteurs. Les progres techniques ne paraissent pas repondre aux objections fondamentales. La resistance des praticiens a la bureaucratisation et a la technocratisation qui se manifeste a l'encontre des systemes d'information n'explique pas vraiment leur desaffection. Les echecs sont imputables a l'illusion informationnelle qui sous-tend le modele des systemes : rassemblement-traitement-diffusion. On rassemble pour connaitre, mais on sous-estime les difficultes de la formalisation et les systemes revelent les incertitudes epistemologiques d'une visee positiviste. On diffuse pour transmettre un savoir, mais seuls les praticiens savants peuvent profiter de donnees fragmentees dont la pertinence est discutee. Le contexte historique et social, ignore, confere aux donnees un sens mal maitrise. L'auteur conclut que les concepteurs conscients de l'efficacite technique limitee de leurs systemes recherchent un impact symbolique, prouvant l'excellence de leur demarche informationnelle. Mais il craint la pression reductrice de la rationalite operatoire si le verrou humaniste tombe, comme le souhaiteraient de nombreux concepteurs. Il parait urgent de fonder cette demarche sur un modele de l'homo communicans tel celui que propose f. Jacques.

Il lavoro è stato suddiviso in tre macro-aree. Una prima riguardante un'analisi teorica di come funzionano le intrusioni, di quali software vengono utilizzati per compierle, e di come proteggersi (usando i dispositivi che in termine generico si possono riconoscere come i firewall). Una seconda macro-area che analizza un'intrusione avvenuta dall'esterno verso dei server sensibili di una rete LAN. Questa analisi viene condotta sui file catturati dalle due interfacce di rete configurate in modalità promiscua su una sonda presente nella LAN. Le interfacce sono due per potersi interfacciare a due segmenti di LAN aventi due maschere di sotto-rete differenti. L'attacco viene analizzato mediante vari software. Si può infatti definire una terza parte del lavoro, la parte dove vengono analizzati i file catturati dalle due interfacce con i software che prima si occupano di analizzare i dati di contenuto completo, come Wireshark, poi dei software che si occupano di analizzare i dati di sessione che sono stati trattati con Argus, e infine i dati di tipo statistico che sono stati trattati con Ntop. Il penultimo capitolo, quello prima delle conclusioni, invece tratta l'installazione di Nagios, e la sua configurazione per il monitoraggio attraverso plugin dello spazio di disco rimanente su una macchina agent remota, e sui servizi MySql e DNS. Ovviamente Nagios può essere configurato per monitorare ogni tipo di servizio offerto sulla rete.

碩士<br>明道大學<br>國學研究所<br>98<br>Mr. Cao Wei-Chu was the researcher’s principal in National Cingshuei Senior High School. A leading educator with notable values and aspirations, Cao dedicated himself to motivate students and encourage the young. Since his youth, he had been nurtured with Chinese calligraphy and painting. In the company of his artistic talents, Cao was highly regarded as a pastoral painter and a lyric painter of Chinese ink and wash painting in the art world. Principal Cao guided teachers and students through art education in the school. He shaped students’ ethics and influenced those taking interest in calligraphy and painting, as myself, with his lifetime pursuit of arts. Nowadays many accomplished mid-generation artists are alumni of National Cingshuei Senior High School. I conclude it is all creditable to Principal Cao for his impetus of art education then. After graduating from Department of Business Administration, National Chung Hsing University, I began to pursue public office. During my decade-long service as Director-general of Taichung County Cultural Affairs Bureau, I have continually promoted various art and cultural activities, endeavoring to inspire public through cultural development and improve general social conduct. A great part of it owes to Principal Cao’s bearing and influence. The principal has left us nearly for thirty years; his doctrines have yet to fade. However, I’ve growing further apart from relevant intellectuals over years. Among the educational or the cultural community, esteemed seniors in connection with Principal Cao have been gradually declining. It is increasingly difficult to gather firsthand information from field study interviews. The remaining are few disciples, such as I, who feel compelled to glorify and preserve the precursors’ effort and works. In recent years, I have been committed to collect and organize the principal’s calligraphies, paintings and artifact records during his lifetime. Based on the existing documents, I have conducted a research of, and re-presented the world with, the artistic achievements of Cao Wei-Chu, an artist as well as an educator. Cao Wei-Chu aficionados can indulge in his pastoral landscapes and lyric style. As for individuals who are aware of preserving contemporary Chinese culture, this ought to be a research subject with profound significance. Certainly, Principal Cao not only attained in Chinese ink and wash painting, but also in calligraphy. His private tutor Cao Bei-Hai (courtesy name Xi-I), an erudite scholar in Qing Dynasty, was a well-recognized calligrapher who studied calligraphy in depth. Benefiting from the exceptional teaching of Mr. Xi-I, Mr. Wei-Chu progressed considerably in writing and calligraphy within a year, and also built up a solid foundation of brush and ink painting. Cao strived to study calligraphy, and became proficient at standard, cursive, clerical and seal script styles, especially at seal and clerical scripts. Even at an old age, before he passed, he still exercised unrelentingly through copying models of calligraphy. Although he modestly claimed that painting was simple whilst calligraphy was difficult; and he was unable to develop a style of his own yet with a lifetime of practice. From his published works, nevertheless, we can witness his righteous passion and sense of mission for advocating calligraphy education. He exhibited expertise throughout calligraphy theories, overviews of calligraphy styles and descriptions of the Han dynasty steles. From his calligraphy-related works, one can find demonstrations along side with textual research and explanation essays, which showcase Principal Cao’s extensive comprehension in the associated fields. As a calligraphy enthusiast, I’m driven to explore it further. Therefore I forgo the aspect of Cao as a renowned Chinese painter and his paintings. This research dissertation is centered on what I have learned in Art of Calligraphy Section, Institute of Chinese Studies in Mingdao University, the very related phenomenon of Cao Wei-Chu’s calligraphy. Valuable opinions and suggestions from professors and precursors are awaited with anticipation

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências do Desporto, Ramo de Treino Desportivo, apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e Educação Física da Universidade de Coimbra<br>Objectivo: Este estudo teve como objectivo principal analisar o TSAP e o GPAI na avaliação do desempenho técnico e táctico do jogo de basquetebol. Metodologia: A amostra foi constituída por 20 (n=20) jogadores profissionais da selecção masculina de Basquetebol Norte Americana, com idades compreendidas entre os 23 e 32 anos, apresentando os atletas mais de 10 anos de experiência na prática do basquetebol. Para medir os efeitos dos indicadores e variáveis do GPAI e do TSAP, analisámos 17 jogos (9 jogos do Campeonato Mundial de Basquetebol de 2014, realizado em Espanha, bem como, também, 8 jogos dos Jogos Olímpicos de 2016, que teve lugar no Rio de Janeiro). Suportados nos estudos de Gréhaigne et al. (1997) e Nadeau et al. (2008), os indicadores do TSAP permitiram calcular o índice de eficiência dos jogadores envolvidos e o volume de jogo. Com base em Oslin et al. (1998) e Nadeau et al. (2008), na análise do GPAI, calculámos a tomada de decisão do jogador, execução técnica e apoio apropriado à equipa. Tendo como referência o estudo de Nadeau et al. (2008), foi aplicada estatística descritiva (percentagem, média e desviopadrão) para todas as variáveis do TSAP e GPAI. De modo a avaliarmos a prestação da equipa em diferentes competições (e.g., campeonato do mundo e jogos olímpicos), recorreu-se ao teste estatístico t Student para amostras independentes (independente-sample t test). Para a consequente aplicação deste teste, os pressupostos da distribuição normal das variáveis nos diferentes grupos foram avaliados através do teste de Shapiro-Wilk e a homogeneidade ponderada através do teste de Levene (Pallant, 2011). Finalmente, para medirmos a relação entre as variáveis em estudo, foi utilizado o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, com um nível de significância de 0,05 (Pallant, 2011). Os dados foram tratados no programa IBM SPSS Statistics (versão 21.0, Chicago IL). Resultados: Os resultados indicaram que a análise das variáveis do GPAI, sobretudo: “Decisão Apropriada” (DA) e “Apoio apropriado” (AA) foram as acções que mais ocorreram durante os jogos analisados. Por seu lado, para o instrumento de análise TSAP, constata-se que as variáveis: “Bola Neutra” (BN) e “Conquista de Bola” (CB) foram as acções que emergiram com maior frequência. Os resultados do presente estudo indicaram ainda que instrumentos como o GPAI permitem analisar o resultado final da acção e as variáveis de processo de execução motora relacionadas com as acções de jogo, verificando-se, neste sentido, diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas seguintes variáveis: TSAP – Receção de Bola (p-value=,002 ≤0,05, t=-3,784, df=15,000); TSAP – Bola Neutra (pvalue=,006 ≤0,05, t=-3,221, df=15,000), TSAP – Bola Ofensiva (p-value=,000 ≤0,05, t=-6,163, df=15,000). Conclusões: Conclui-se que o GPAI foi robusto para medir o comportamento da performance de jogo relativo ao conhecimento e habilidade do atleta na resolução de problemas tácticos. Considerando as evidências estatísticas, existe uma tendência de maior robustez deste instrumento na análise de movimentos associados ao basquetebol. Por seu lado, o TSAP foi eficaz na avaliação da frequência dos vários acontecimentos técnicos e tácticos que emergiram no jogo, mostrando-se confiável para determinar o nível de desempenho motor dos jogadores. Porém, também apresentou algumas limitações para medir a tomada de decisão do jogador. Em harmonia, TSAP e GPAI, permitem identificar as características da própria equipa e da equipa adversária, aperfeiçoando e elaborando programas de preparação e treino apropriados à natureza da competição, tendo aplicações práticas na deteção de padrões de competição e no contexto em que a mesma ocorre (e.g., faixa etária, tipo e nível de campeonato, interclubes ou interseleções, etc.). Objective: The main objective of this study was to analyze two different instruments in the evaluation of the technical and tactical performance of the basketball game, namely, TSAP and GPAI. Methodology: The sample consisted of 20 (n = 20) professional p layers from the North American Men's Basketball Selection, aged 23 to 32, with athletes more than 10 years of experience in basketball practice. In order to measure the effects of the indicators and variables of the GPAI and TSAP, we analyzed 17 games (9 m atches of the 2014 World Basketball Championship held in Spain, as well as 8 matches of the 2016 Olympic Games, which took place in Rio from January). Supported by Gréhaigne et al. (1997) and Nadeau et al. (2008), the TSAP indicators allowed to calculate t he efficiency index of the players involved and the volume of game. Based on Oslin et al. (1998) and Nadeau et al. (2008), in the analysis of the GPAI, we calculated the player's decision making, technical execution and appropriate support to the team. Bas ed on the study by Nadeau et al. (2008), descriptive statistics (percentage, mean, and standard deviation) were applied to all TSAP and GPAI variables. In order to evaluate the performance of the team in different competitions (e.g., world championship and olympic games), we used the Student t test for independent samples (independent - sample t test). For the subsequent application of this test, the assumptions of the normal distribution of the variables in the different groups were evaluated using the Shapi ro - Wilk test and the homogeneity weighted by the Levene test (Pallant, 2011). Finally, to measure the relationship between the variables under study, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used, with a significance level of 0.05 (Pallant, 2011). The data we re treated in the IBM SPSS Statistics program (version 21.0, Chicago IL). Results: The results indicate that the analysis of the GPAI variables, especially: "Appropriate Decision" (AD) and "Appropriate Support" (AA) were the actions that occurred most dur ing the analyzed games. On the other hand, for the TSAP analysis instrument, the variables "Neutral Ball" (BN) and "Conquest of Ball" (CB) were the most frequently emerged. The results of the present study also indicate that instruments such as the GPAI al low us to analyze the final outcome of the action and the variables of the motor execution process related to the game actions, in order to verify statistically significant differences in the following variables: TSAP - Ball Receipt (p - value =, 002 ≤0.05, t = - 3.784, df = 15,000); TSAP - Neutral Ball (p - value =, 006 ≤0.05, t = - 3.222, df = 15,000), TSAP - Offensive Ball (p - value =, 000 ≤0.05, t = - 6,163, df = 15,000 ). Conclusions: It is concluded that the GPAI was robust to measure the behavior of game pe rformance related to the athlete's knowledge and ability to solve tactical problems. Considering the statistical evidence, there is a trend of greater robustness of this instrument in the analysis of movements associated with basketball. For its part, the TSAP was effective in assessing the frequency of various technical and tactical events that emerged in the game, proving to be reliable in determining the level of motor performance of the players. However, it also presented some limitations to measure the player's decision making. In harmony, TSAP and GPAI allow to identify the characteristics of the team and of the opposing team, improving and elaborating programs of preparation and training appropriate to the nature of the competition, having practical a pplications in the detection of competition patterns and in the context in which it occurs (e.g., age group, type and level of championship, interclubs or interselections, etc.).

碩士<br>國立高雄師範大學<br>體育學系<br>104<br>Abstract The thesis discusses the actual circumstances of the Team Sport Assessment Procedure (TSAP) used on FUTSAL. The purposes were: (1) ensuring the application of TSAP observation categories, coding rules, and index formulas on FUTSAL, (2) the TSAP diversities between starting and bench players (excluding the goalkeeper), (3) the TSAP diversities between players in both winning and losing teams (excluding the goalkeeper). This thesis adopted event recording as recording method, and analyzed the performances of eight teams in the semi-finals of the 2013 National Sports Administration Cup FUTSAL Championship. The results were analyzed by Descriptive Statistics and Independent-Samples T Test. The outcomes, after discussion, led to the following conclusions: (1) the amemended TSAP observation tools come in ten categories, nineteen detailed catalogues, thirty three coding rules, and the amount of exercise and efficiency index are added and weighted. (2) The starting players’ TSAP indexes are better than those of bench players. Coaches can take the indexes into account when deciding strategies during training and matches. (3) The players of winning team shows better offense and defense performance and lower lead-off and foul rates. This thesis, focusing on FUTSAL, the usage of TSAP and follow-up researches, provides nine suggestions from three aspects in terms of FUTSAL traning and the usaqe of TSAP and follow-up researches. Key words：Futsal, systematic observation method, Match analysis, TSAP

博士<br>國立中興大學<br>水土保持學系<br>93<br>Abstract Since Taiwan is located on a global shell, mountain areas and faults usually form dipslope topography. After the bank of the valley is eroded, earthquakes and heavy rainfall can easily cause mass wasting and huge disasters. The Tsau-Lin landslide was one typical and complete case. Of all the landslides, the hundred year frequency “9/21” earthquake in 1999 in Taiwan caused dramatic collapse and landslide dams. It has attracted attention from all over the world. Fortunately, the “7/2 Flood” in 2004 relieved the potential dangers. This study focuses on the history of Tsau-Lin dipslope with repeated wasting and geomorphologic change after 9/21 earthquake using aerophotography and remote sensing, global positioning system, geographic information system and technology overlay analysis. According to the increase of soil, water and sand accumulation of mass wasting, we are able to estimate longterm speed of slope and riverbed erosion and understand the mechanism and trend of the collapse. Utilizing the yearly graphic information, we can correctly provide an effective analysis and research of geomorphologic evolution. Based on geologic uniform variation theory, we can research the dramatic change process of the Tsau-Lin area before and after 9/21 earthquake. Through collecting information about different geomorphologic evolutions, we are capable of applying these to prevent further diasters. The results and findings are as following: 1. Shale and sand inter-bedding dipslope usually cause the most dramatic land movement and the fastest collapse. Since Taiwan’s land is still young, it will cause frequent shell movement. This research uses single GPS control point to form Tsau-Ling area DEM(digital elevation model) information. The clarity of the result can fit in the need of huge landslide and collapse analysis. According to the DEM, the geomorphologic sensitive zone under frequent storms and earthquakes, the collapses represent certain evolution rules. 2. This study makes use of various historical information of Tsau-Lin mass wasting, satellite observation and geographical system to establish a complete process flowchart. It controls and monitors the characteristics of the dipslope topography, foretelling the possible future land changes and provides decision supporting of disaster prevention for the government. 3. In order to realize the historical changes of mass wasting lnad in the Tsau-Lin area, we use map, paper map, Japan occupied stage and topographic maps. After digitized satellite DEM analysis and comparison, it is easy to understand the land change through calculation geographical information system. 4. Tsau-Lin area’s huge landslide caused by storms and earthquakes can be described by the cycle evolution process as following: 5. The slope change of Tsau-Lin area, according to the recent five years’ analysis and comparison, the reason of the collapse was still mainly controlled by the land type rather than the stormy type mass wasting. 6. After the 9/21 Tsau-Lin landslide, the government’s effect of applying disaster support toward natural land changes was limited. This research utilizes satellite observations and global geographical information systems to establish standard models and process flowcharts in order to provide as emergency process for the possibility of future landslides.

碩士<br>國立雲林科技大學<br>環境與安全工程系碩士班<br>90<br>Thirty-two municipal incinerators will have been accomplished in Taiwan by the year of 2004, and those incinerators will feed 27,450 tons of waste per day resulting in a high level of public awareness and concern. After the treatment of air pollution by control devices, the emissions of flue gas are still potentially harmful to adjacent environments according to the reports of previous investigations. A site-specific health risk assessment on Lu-Tsau incinerator was discussed in this study. The distribution of ambient concentrations was estimated by the stack emission data resulting from Industrial Source Complex model (ISC). Then, a HRA model ( Health Risk Assessment, 2.0 ed. ) was applied to assess the human health of population in the vicinity areas. The simulation of emission substances in the study presented including organic toxicants ( Dioxins ), inorganic gases (SO2, NO2, CO, HF, HCl, NH3 ), and heavy metals of particulates (Cd, Hg and Pb ). The result of health risk assessment shown that the maximum cancer risk of a person in the average of life-time ( 70 years ) was 6.08×10-8 ( the percentage of separate contributions : Cd, 44.7%; Pb, 1.3%; Dioxins, 53.9%). Individual cancer impacts of human life-time in the vicinity areas of Lu-Tsau municipal incinerator have been observed in the populations of 65.0×10-6, 55.6×10-6, 36.0×10-6, 33.5×10-6, 23.2×10-6, 15.0×10-6, and 13.4×10-6 following by the districts of An-Ren, Ta-Shun, Ta-Gur, Fong-Cheu, Xin-Geong, Ren-Ho, and Chia-Ho.

碩士<br>國立臺東大學<br>兒童文學研究所<br>98<br>Tsau, Wen-Xuan is a most influence contemporary teen novel author in China, who has a strong belief in literature creation and a mission to form people’s future personality. The teen novel or growth novel he created not only presents aesthetic style as always, but also has profound contents in literature. The method adopted in this study is text analysis and Tsau, Wen-Xuan’s 11 novels which published from 1994 to 2006 in Taiwan are the research texts. At first, this study analyzs characters’ figures by describing the characters’ appearance, behavior, and expression. Then, it focuses on the innermost world and personality of characters through event, plot, and language. Finally, by investigating the characters’ figures and symbolization this study further discusses the differences and similarities of female characters and the aesthetic beliefs he holds revealed in his work. Tsau, Wen-Xuan creates novels that romanticize the life and his novels construct a pure and beautiful world of literature. He forms a series of female figures, which are beautiful, gentle, sweet, and good-natured. Those figures represent a conceptual characteristic and appreciation of beauty that present traditional women in China. Moreover, Tsau, Wen-Xuan makes women become ones who have morality and justice, affections, and wisdom in his novels, which show the strong and tough aspect of the women. However, the feminine figures around the male characters in his novels tend to be beautiful, innocent, and being ingratiate with the men. The feminine figures created by Tsau, Wen-Xuan with the characteristics of traditional Chinese culture who have optimistic and generous personality remind the reader that the influence of the power of beauty is not less than that of thinking. Moreover, the power of beauty can directly touch people’s heart.

碩士<br>銘傳大學<br>管理科學研究所<br>87<br>There are a lot of hot spring recreational area in Taiwan. Two days'' holiday for each two weeks was regulated by government in 1998. This regulation brings great benefit in hot spring travel market. This study want to research the consumer behavior and marketing strategies in hot spring travel market. The consumer behavior, lifestyle, value theory and relevant travel research are conducted as the conceptual framework of this study. This study was designed to investigate the tourists of hot spring recreational area with guestionnaire in Peitou, Ma-tsau, Yang-Ming-Sun. First, this study wants to analyze the difference of tourists on lifestyle and value. Next, the hot spring tourist was segmented by lifestyle. Finally, this study attempts to present the recommendation about marketing strategy in overall and individual segments of hot spring travel market.

碩士<br>淡江大學<br>中國文學系碩士班<br>93<br>Scholarship of Wen- Shin- Diau- Lung has been efflorescent since 20th A.D ,but to Ming dynasty, today scholars always consider it is a foundation age for scholarship of Wen- Shin- Diau- Lung, and it is few to report. But, the scholars of Ming Dynasty, Do they have no any achievement that could consult for us ? This paper will try to introspect this prejudice, and taking he forewords、afterpieces and Yang-Shen`s 、Tsau Shiue-Chiuag`s criticism for instance. The first chapter is Introduction, about the motive、scope of this research, existing research results and catalogue of this thesis .The secondary chapter, by the observation to several forewords and afterpieces of Wen- Shin- Diau- Lung writed by Ming scholars, we can find out the widespread viewpoints and focus of them to Wen- S hin- Diau- Lung, and the viewpoints are influential to the research of posterity , and we also can find out its times meaning in Ming dynast. In the third chapter , we discussed Yang-Shen`s criticism to Wen- Shin- Diau- Lung. First , we introduced Yang`s life and academic achievements, then argued Yang`s criticism are actually helpful for us to comprehend Liou-shie`s literature thought, as Liou`s literature view of changes and writing principle of the official document . And to 「Wind and Bone」 this traditionally Chinese literature conception , Yang also offered his special views. In the fourth chapter, we discussed Tsau Shiue-Chiuag`s criticism to Wen- Shin- Diau- Lung. First , we introduced Tsau Shiue-Chiuag`s life and academic achievements, then we pointed out Tsau`s attempt to build a complete theory of Wen- Shin- Diau- Lung by「Fen」 and 「Heart」 two literature conception, and highlighted that temperament-valued literature view of Liou-shie by Wei(緯).Then Tsau further pointed out his nature-valued literature view. Fifth chapter is conclusion, We concluded all of preceding paragraphs, and pointed out the imperfections of Yang`s and Tsau`s criticism, then pointed out the influence of entire Scholarship of Wen- Shin- Diau- Lung of Ming dynasty. Finally, listed up the references of this thesis. 　　Sixth chapter is conclusion . we briefly introduced the important viewpoint and the achievement of the paper.

The aim of the study was to examine how rewarding rules affects team tactical behaviour, players’ technical, physical and physiological performance in large-sided football games. An elite youth team (age: 14.0±0.2 years) performed 8 vs. 8 large-sided games under three experimental conditions: i) rewarding passing rule (PASS); ii) rewarding compact defending rule (COM); iii) control condition (CNT), using a Latin squared design. Positional data were used to compute effective play-space, team width, length, length-width ratio and approximate entropy, and capture distance covered and average speed displacement. Heart rate values were recorded using short-range radio telemetry. All bouts were filmed, and technical variables based on the TSAP were assessed. Magnitude-based inference and precision estimation was employed. Results showed mainly trivial and small differences between conditions for almost all variables. Received balls (RB) was the single variable that very likely increased with a moderate effect for COM compared to CNT. The small overall effects might indicate that rewarding rules effectiveness depends on i) creating affordances for the desired behaviour instead of trying to directly reward the behaviour; ii) its accordance with team identity; iii) its suitability to players’ skill level iv) combining rules with other coaching tools v) the timescale of exposure.