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Journal articles on the topic 'Tsaf'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 November 2024

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1

Chandanani, Mehak, Raian Jaibaji, Monketh Jaibaji, and Andrea Volpin. "Tibial Spine Avulsion Fractures in Paediatric Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Surgical Management." Children 11, no. 3 (March 14, 2024): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children11030345.

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Background: Tibial spine avulsion fractures (TSAFs) account for approximately 14% of anterior cruciate ligament injuries. This study aims to systematically review the current evidence for the operative management of paediatric TSAFs. Methods: A search was carried out across four databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Studies discussing the outcomes of the surgical management of paediatric TSAFs since 2000 were included. Results: Of 38 studies included for review, 13 studies reported outcomes of TSAF patients undergoing screw fixation only, and 12 studies used suture fixation only. In total, 976 patients underwent arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation (ARIF), and 203 patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). The risk of arthrofibrosis with the use of ARIF (p = 0.45) and screws (p = 0.74) for TSAF repair was not significant. There was a significantly increased risk of knee instability (p < 0.0001), reoperation (p = 0.01), and post-operative pain (p = 0.007) with screw fixation compared to sutures. Conclusions: While the overall benefits of sutures over screws and ARIF over ORIF are unclear, there is clear preference for ARIF and suture fixation for TSAF repair in practice. We recommend large-scale comparative studies to delineate long-term outcomes for various TSAF fixation techniques.

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2

Streit, Katharina, and Yosef Garfinkel. "Tel Tsaf and the Impact of the Ubaid Culture on the Southern Levant: Interpreting the Radiocarbon Evidence." Radiocarbon 57, no. 5 (2015): 865–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/azu_rc.57.18200.

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A data set of 18 radiocarbon dates from the domestic quarter and the well at Tel Tsaf provide conclusive evidence for the absolute dating of this Middle Chalcolithic site. Bayesian modeling suggests that the site was occupied in the last quarter of the 6th millennium BC and abandoned in the first quarter of the 5th millennium. The absolute dating of Tel Tsaf has further implications for the synchronization of the protohistory of the Levant. The ceramic assemblage of Tel Tsaf included delicately painted ceramic sherds (so-called Tel Tsaf ware), which are distinct from the common plain ware. Comparable motifs have been identified in ceramic assemblages of contemporary Ubaid sites such as Tell Mashnaqa, Tell Zeidan, Tell el-Abr, and Hammam et-Turkan IV in northern Mesopotamia. Tel Tsaf is a rare example of a little researched connection between the Ubaid culture and the Middle Chalcolithic of the southern Levant. The findings of Tel Tsaf expand the southwestern border of the Ubaid sphere of influence and shed new light on long-distance interaction in protohistory.

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3

Palmeter, Sarah, Adam Probert, and Claudia Lagacé. "Prévalence du trouble du spectre de l’alcoolisation fœtale (TSAF) chez les enfants et les adolescents : résultats de l’Enquête canadienne sur la santé des enfants et des jeunes de 2019." Promotion de la santé et prévention des maladies chroniques au Canada 41, no. 9 (September 2021): 300–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.41.9.05f.

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Introduction L’absence d’estimations de la prévalence nationale du trouble du spectre de l’alcoolisation fœtale (TSAF) constitue une lacune importante dans les connaissances. Méthodologie La prévalence du TSAF, déterminée à l’aide des données de l’Enquête canadienne sur la santé des enfants et des jeunes de 2019, a été analysée en fonction de l’âge, du sexe et de l’identité (autochtone ou non autochtone). L’âge médian au moment du diagnostic et les problèmes de santé concomitants de longue durée ont aussi été examinés. Résultats La prévalence du TSAF chez les enfants et les adolescents canadiens vivant en ménage privé était de 1 pour 1 000 (0,1 %). Cette prévalence était considérablement plus élevée chez ceux s’étant identifiés comme Autochtones et vivant hors réserve (1,2 %). Conclusion Ces observations corroborent les résultats des études sur la prévalence du TSAF ayant utilisé des méthodes de surveillance passive. Elles constituent un point de départ vers une meilleure compréhension de la prévalence et du fardeau du TSAF au Canada.

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MAMPEL, Jörg, Elke MAIER, Tewes TRALAU, Jürgen RUFF, Roland BENZ, and Alasdair M. COOK. "A novel outer-membrane anion channel (porin) as part of a putatively two-component transport system for 4-toluenesulphonate in Comamonas testosteroni T-2." Biochemical Journal 383, no. 1 (September 24, 2004): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20040652.

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Inducible mineralization of TSA (4-toluenesulphonate) by Comamonas testosteroni T-2 is initiated by a secondary transport system, followed by oxygenation and oxidation by TsaMBCD to 4-sulphobenzoate under the regulation of TsaR and TsaQ. Evidence is presented for a novel, presumably two-component transport system (TsaST). It is proposed that TsaT, an outer-membrane porin, formed an anion-selective channel that works in co-operation with the putative secondary transporter, TsaS, located in the inner membrane. tsaT was identified as a 1017-bp ORF (open reading frame) on plasmid pTSA upstream of the TSA-catabolic genes in the tsa operon. Expression of tsaT was regulated by TsaR, the transcriptional activator of the tsa regulon. The presence of tsaT was concomitant with the presence of the tsa operon in different TSA-degrading isolates. tsaT was expressed in Escherichia coli and was detected in the outer membrane. A 22-amino-acid leader peptide was identified. Purified protein reconstituted in lipid bilayer membranes formed anion-selective channels with a single-channel conductance of 3.5 nS in 1 M KCl. Downstream of tsaT, a constitutively expressed 720-bp ORF (tsaS) was identified. tsaS coded for a hydrophobic protein predicted to have six transmembrane helices and which is most likely localized in the cytoplasmic membrane. tsaS is adjacent to tsaT, but showed a different transcriptional profile.

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5

Hellwing, Salo Shlomo. "Animal Bones from Tel Tsaf." Tel Aviv 15, no. 1 (March 1988): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/tav.1988.1988.1.47.

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6

Horowitz, Aharon. "Pollen Analysis from Tel Tsaf." Tel Aviv 15, no. 1 (March 1988): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/tav.1988.1988.1.55.

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7

Gopher, Avi. "The Flint Industry from Tel Tsaf." Tel Aviv 15, no. 1 (March 1988): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/tav.1988.1988.1.37.

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8

Freikman, Michael, David Ben-Shlomo, and Yosef Garfinkel. "The “Violin-Shaped” Figurines of Tel Tsaf." Paléorient, no. 47-2 (November 1, 2021): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/paleorient.1287.

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9

Liphschitz, Nili. "Analysis of the Botanical Remains from Tel Tsaf." Tel Aviv 15, no. 1 (March 1988): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/tav.1988.1988.1.52.

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10

Garfınkel, Yosef, David Ben-Shlomo, and Tali Kuperman. "Large-scale storage of grain surplus in the sixth millennium BC: the silos of Tel Tsaf." Antiquity 83, no. 320 (June 1, 2009): 309–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00098458.

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AbstractThe authors report and describe the remarkable grain silos discovered at Tel Tsaf in the southern Levant. These tall, white, barrel-shaped towers seem to mark the first appearance of monuments of demonstrative surplus.

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Luthra, Amit, Naduni Paranagama, William Swinehart, Susan Bayooz, Phuc Phan, Vanessa Quach, Jamie M. Schiffer, Boguslaw Stec, Dirk Iwata-Reuyl, and Manal A. Swairjo. "Conformational communication mediates the reset step in t6A biosynthesis." Nucleic Acids Research 47, no. 12 (May 22, 2019): 6551–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz439.

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Abstract The universally conserved N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t6A) modification of tRNA is essential for translational fidelity. In bacteria, t6A biosynthesis starts with the TsaC/TsaC2-catalyzed synthesis of the intermediate threonylcarbamoyl adenylate (TC–AMP), followed by transfer of the threonylcarbamoyl (TC) moiety to adenine-37 of tRNA by the TC-transfer complex comprised of TsaB, TsaD and TsaE subunits and possessing an ATPase activity required for multi-turnover of the t6A cycle. We report a 2.5-Å crystal structure of the T. maritima TC-transfer complex (TmTsaB2D2E2) bound to Mg2+-ATP in the ATPase site, and substrate analog carboxy-AMP in the TC-transfer site. Site directed mutagenesis results show that residues in the conserved Switch I and Switch II motifs of TsaE mediate the ATP hydrolysis-driven reactivation/reset step of the t6A cycle. Further, SAXS analysis of the TmTsaB2D2-tRNA complex in solution reveals bound tRNA lodged in the TsaE binding cavity, confirming our previous biochemical data. Based on the crystal structure and molecular docking of TC–AMP and adenine-37 in the TC-transfer site, we propose a model for the mechanism of TC transfer by this universal biosynthetic system.

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Su, Chenchen, Mengqi Jin, and Wenhua Zhang. "Conservation and Diversification of tRNA t6A-Modifying Enzymes across the Three Domains of Life." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 21 (November 6, 2022): 13600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113600.

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The universal N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t6A) modification occurs at position 37 of tRNAs that decipher codons starting with adenosine. Mechanistically, t6A stabilizes structural configurations of the anticodon stem loop, promotes anticodon–codon pairing and safeguards the translational fidelity. The biosynthesis of tRNA t6A is co-catalyzed by two universally conserved protein families of TsaC/Sua5 (COG0009) and TsaD/Kae1/Qri7 (COG0533). Enzymatically, TsaC/Sua5 protein utilizes the substrates of L-threonine, HCO3−/CO2 and ATP to synthesize an intermediate L-threonylcarbamoyladenylate, of which the threonylcarbamoyl-moiety is subsequently transferred onto the A37 of substrate tRNAs by the TsaD–TsaB –TsaE complex in bacteria or by the KEOPS complex in archaea and eukaryotic cytoplasm, whereas Qri7/OSGEPL1 protein functions on its own in mitochondria. Depletion of tRNA t6A interferes with protein homeostasis and gravely affects the life of unicellular organisms and the fitness of higher eukaryotes. Pathogenic mutations of YRDC, OSGEPL1 and KEOPS are implicated in a number of human mitochondrial and neurological diseases, including autosomal recessive Galloway–Mowat syndrome. The molecular mechanisms underscoring both the biosynthesis and cellular roles of tRNA t6A are presently not well elucidated. This review summarizes current mechanistic understandings of the catalysis, regulation and disease implications of tRNA t6A-biosynthetic machineries of three kingdoms of life, with a special focus on delineating the structure–function relationship from perspectives of conservation and diversity.

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O'Donnell, Siobhan, Sarah Palmeter, Meghan Laverty, and Claudia Lagacé. "Exactitude des algorithmes des bases de données administratives pour la détermination des cas de trouble du spectre de l’autisme, de trouble du déficit de l’attention/hyperactivité et de trouble du spectre de l’alcoolisation fœtale : revue systématique." Promotion de la santé et prévention des maladies chroniques au Canada 42, no. 9 (September 2022): 401–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.42.9.01f.

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Introduction L'objectif de cette revue systématique était d'évaluer la validité des algorithmes des bases de données administratives utilisés pour repérer les cas de trouble du spectre de l'autisme (TSA), de trouble du déficit de l'attention/hyperactivité (TDAH) et de trouble du spectre de l'alcoolisation fœtale (TSAF). Méthodologie L'équipe de recherche a interrogé les systèmes MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health et PsycInfo afin de trouver des études, publiées en anglais ou en français entre 1995 et 2021, qui valident des algorithmes servant à recenser les cas de TSA, de TDAH et de TSAF dans les bases de données administratives. L'équipe de recherche a également consulté la littérature grise et les listes de références des études incluses. Deux évaluatrices ont procédé, de manière indépendante, à la sélection de la littérature, à l'extraction de l'information pertinente, à l'évaluation de la qualité des rapports, au risque de biais et à l'applicabilité et elles ont réalisé une synthèse qualitative des données probantes. PROSPERO CRD42019146941. Résultats Parmi les 48 articles évalués en texte intégral, 14 ont été inclus dans la revue. Aucune étude n'a été trouvée pour le TSAF. Malgré les sources de biais possibles et la grande hétérogénéité des études, les résultats donnent à penser que l'augmentation du nombre de codes de diagnostic de TSA que requiert une seule source de données augmente la spécificité et la valeur prédictive positive au détriment de la sensibilité. Les algorithmes les plus performants pour l'identification des cas de TSA reposent sur une combinaison de sources de données, la base de données sur les demandes de remboursement des médecins étant la meilleure source. Une étude a révélé que les données sur l'éducation pourraient améliorer l'identification des cas de TSA (sensibilité accrue) chez les enfants d'âge scolaire lorsqu'elles sont combinées aux données sur les demandes de remboursement des médecins; toutefois, d'autres études incluant des sujets sans TSA sont nécessaires pour évaluer pleinement l'exactitude diagnostique de ces algorithmes. Pour ce qui est du TDAH, il n'y a pas eu suffisamment d'information pour évaluer l'incidence du nombre de codes de diagnostic ou d'autres sources de données sur l'exactitude des algorithmes. Conclusion Selon certaines données probantes, il est possible de repérer les cas de TSA et de TDAH à l'aide de données administratives; toutefois, il existe peu d'études qui évaluent la capacité des algorithmes à établir une distinction fiable entre les sujets qui présentent le trouble étudié et les sujets qui ne le présentent pas. Il n'y a aucune donnée probante sur le TSAF. Des études de qualité méthodologique supérieure sont nécessaires pour comprendre tout le potentiel de l'utilisation des données administratives pour l'identification de ces troubles.

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Gophna, Ram, and Shelley Sadeh. "Excavations at Tel Tsaf: An Early Chalcolithic Site in the Jordan Valley." Tel Aviv 15, no. 1 (March 1988): 3–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/tav.1988.1988.1.3.

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15

Graham, Philip. "Archaeobotanical remains from late 6th/early 5th millennium BC Tel Tsaf, Israel." Journal of Archaeological Science 43 (March 2014): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2013.12.018.

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16

Hruby, Karolina, Florian Klimscha, and Danny Rosenberg. "The Tel Tsaf decoration: Contextualizing a Chalcolithic pottery phenomenon on a regional scale." Archaeological Research in Asia 40 (December 2024): 100541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ara.2024.100541.

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Bhisama, Ida Bagus Prastha, Made Sukrawa, and Ida Ayu Made Budiwati. "ANALISIS PERILAKU THREE-SIDED ARCH SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF DARI BOX CULVERT." JURNAL SPEKTRAN 9, no. 1 (July 19, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/spektran.2021.v09.i01.p02.

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Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perilaku dari struktur three-sided arch (TSA) yang merupakan salah satu alternatif dari struktur box culvert (BC). Perilaku kedua struktur dibandingkan melalui pemodelan elemen hingga pada program SAP2000. Pemodelan model validasi merupakan tahap awal dalam penelitian ini, yang dibuat berdasarkan pada hasil uji laboratorium oleh peneliti lain. Hasil pemodelan validasi menunjukkan bahwa pemodelan dengan elemen frame (MFR) dan shell (MSH) lebih mendekati hasil uji laboratorium, sedangkan elemen solid (MSO) jauh berbeda sehingga tidak digunakan dalam model aplikasi. Setelah metode pemodelan valid, selanjutnya dilakukan pemodelan aplikasi BC dan TSA yang memiliki panjang bentang bervariasi. Model aplikasi yang dibuat meliputi BC dan TSA dengan bentang 4 m (BC4 dan TSA4), 5 m (BC5 dan TSA5), 7 m (BC7 dan TSA7), 9 m (BC9 dan TSA9) dan 11 m (BC11 dan TSA11) dengan tebal pelat atas 400 mm pada model BC dan 300 mm pada TSA. Deformasi kedua model dianalisis secara non-linier menggunakan pembebanan bertahap, variasi modulus elastisitas (E) dan momen inersia penampang retak (Icr). Untuk mengetahui gaya-gaya dalam lainnya, kedua model dianalisis secara linier dengan beban lalu lintas sesuai SNI 1725:2016. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, perilaku TSA lebih baik dibandingkan BC, dilihat dari deformasi TSA yang mampu menyerupai atau bahkan lebih kecil dari BC meskipun dengan ketebalan pelat atas yang 25% lebih kecil. Pada model dengan variasi bentang, struktur mampu menahan kombinasi pembebanan lajur ‘D’ sampai dengan bentang 7 m. Untuk model bentang 9 dan 11 m, yaitu BC9, TSA9, BC11 dan TSA11 diperlukan penebalan pada pelat atas struktur.

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Rosenberg, Danny, Yael Elkayam, Yossi Garfinkel, Florian Klimscha, Vesna Vučković, and Yaakov Weiss. "Long-distance trade in the Middle Chalcolithic of the southern Levant: The case of the olivine beads from Tel Tsaf, Jordan Valley, Israel." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 10, 2022): e0271547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271547.

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Eight olivine beads found at the Middle Chalcolithic site of Tel Tsaf (ca. 5,200–4,700 cal. BC), Jordan Valley, Israel, underscore a new facet of interregional exchange for this period. The current paper presents the olivine beads assemblage, its morphometric and technological characteristics, and chemical composition. The results of the chemical analysis suggest that all eight beads derive from the same source. By means of comparison with the chemical characteristics of known olivine sources, we argue for a northeastern African–western Arabian provenience and cautiously suggest Ethiopia as a probable origin. Finally, we discuss the significance of the assemblage, its possible origin, and the mechanisms that may have brought the beads to the site.

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Streit, Katharina, and Yosef Garfinkel. "A Specialized Ceramic Assemblage for Water Pulling: The Middle Chalcolithic Well of Tel Tsaf, Israel." Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 374 (November 2015): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5615/bullamerschoorie.374.0061.

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Rosenberg, Danny, Serena Love, Emily Hubbard, and Florian Klimscha. "7,200 years old constructions and mudbrick technology: The evidence from Tel Tsaf, Jordan Valley, Israel." PLOS ONE 15, no. 1 (January 22, 2020): e0227288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227288.

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Hubbard, Emily M. "Livestock and people in a Middle Chalcolithic settlement: a micromorphological investigation from Tel Tsaf, Israel." Antiquity 84, no. 326 (November 25, 2010): 1123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00067120.

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Round and rectangular buildings with grain silos at a Copper Age site in Israel suggested social stratification to the excavators. Using micromorphology, the author demonstrates that while the rectangular building was occupied by people, the round ones had contained animals, perhaps as providers of milk, and dung for fuel. While this removes the direct indication of social variance, it strengthens the argument that animals, as well as grain, formed the basis for the creation of surplus.

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Bekker, Marina, and Yosef Garfinkel. "Stone Pedestalled vessels from Tel Tsaf, a Middle Chalcolithic Site in the Central Jordan Valley, Israel." Journal of Lithic Studies 3, no. 3 (October 31, 2016): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/jls.v3i3.1654.

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Horn, Christian, Florian Klimscha, and Danny Rosenberg. "Exploring the dimensions of Chalcolithic settlements in the southern Levant - A geomagnetic survey on Tel Tsaf, Israel." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 24 (April 2019): 380–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.02.007.

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Freikman, Michael, David Ben-Shlomo, and Yosef Garfinkel. "A stamped sealing from Middle Chalcolithic Tel Tsaf: implications for the rise of administrative practices in the Levant." Levant 53, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2021.1923906.

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Rosenberg, Danny, Yosef Garfinkel, and Florian Klimscha. "Large-scale storage and storage symbolism in the ancient Near East: a clay silo model from Tel Tsaf." Antiquity 91, no. 358 (August 2017): 885–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2017.75.

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Missoury, Sophia, Stéphane Plancqueel, Ines Li de la Sierra-Gallay, Wenhua Zhang, Dominique Liger, Dominique Durand, Raoudha Dammak, Bruno Collinet, and Herman van Tilbeurgh. "The structure of the TsaB/TsaD/TsaE complex reveals an unexpected mechanism for the bacterial t6A tRNA-modification." Nucleic Acids Research 46, no. 11 (May 8, 2018): 5850–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gky323.

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Missoury, Sophia, Stéphane Plancqueel, Ines Li de la Sierra-Gallay, Wenhua Zhang, Dominique Liger, Dominique Durand, Raoudha Dammak, Bruno Collinet, and Herman van Tilbeurgh. "The structure of the TsaB/TsaD/TsaE complex reveals an unexpected mechanism for the bacterial t6A tRNA-modification." Nucleic Acids Research 47, no. 17 (August 20, 2019): 9464–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz719.

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Chasan, Rivka, Florian Klimscha, Cynthianne Spiteri, and Danny Rosenberg. "Foodways of an agro-pastoral community: Organic residue analysis of pottery and stone vessels at Middle Chalcolithic Tel Tsaf." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 43 (June 2022): 103491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2022.103491.

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Garfinkel, Yosef, Florian Klimscha, Sariel Shalev, and Danny Rosenberg. "The Beginning of Metallurgy in the Southern Levant: A Late 6th Millennium CalBC Copper Awl from Tel Tsaf, Israel." PLoS ONE 9, no. 3 (March 26, 2014): e92591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092591.

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Gessler, Arthur. "Editor’s highlight for TSAF D-17-00396: carbon and oxygen isotopes in tree rings—climate signals and microsite effects." Trees 32, no. 3 (March 3, 2018): 881–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00468-018-1681-4.

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Rosenberg, Danny, Inbar Ktalav, Iris Groman-Yaroslvski, and Florian Klimscha. "Unique Theodoxus jordani shell beads from the Middle Chalcolithic site of Tel Tsaf (ca. 5200–4700 cal BC), Jordan Valley, Israel." Archaeological Research in Asia 29 (March 2022): 100349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ara.2021.100349.

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Yakasai, Murtala Garba. "Nazarin Kurman Ɗa a Waƙar “Zuma” Ta Aminu Ladan Abubakar (ALA)." Tasambo Journal of Language, Literature, and Culture 3, no. 01 (February 15, 2024): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/tjllc.2024.v03i01.024.

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Takardar ta yi nazarin waƙar baka ta ALA inda aka bibiyi amfani da ‘Kurman Ɗa’ wanda shi ne ya mamaye waƙar ‘zuma’ ta mawaƙin. An fahimci yadda ya yi amfani da hikima da azanci domin isar da saƙonsa ga masu nazari. ALA ya yi ta faman dibilwa ta amfani da harshen Hausa, wadda sai da manazarta suka ci kwakwa kafin fahimtar saƙon mawaƙin a cikin sauƙi. Dalilin wannan nazari domin masu sauraron waƙa da manazarta sun gaza yin caraf! Domin fahimtar saƙon da ke cikinta, sakamakon haka sai aka nazarce ta, aka fahimce ta, aka kuma tattauna da mawaƙin, sannan aka yi fashin baƙinta, domin fahimtar da ɗimbin masu gurguwar fahimta game da waƙar. Tunanin rubuta wannan takarada bai wuce fitar da jaki daga duma ba, domin salon sarƙaƙiyar da saƙon waƙar yake da shi. An saurari wannan waƙa ne a cikin faifan memory, sai aka rubuce ta tsaf domin yin wannan nazarin. Manufar wannan takarda ita ce fahimtar yadda mawaƙin ya nuna ƙwarewa ta amfani da harshe, domin kuwa takardar ta binciko yadda manazarta da dama suka wasa ƙwaƙwalensu domin gano haƙiƙanin saƙon da waƙar take ƙunshe da shi, sakamakon yadda saƙon ya dinga zuwa a dunƙule kuma cikin salon tambaya tare da salon waskiya daga mawaƙin, har dai daga bisani a ka fahimci bakin ƙullin zaren ta yadda mawaƙin ya yi amfani da salo irin na ɗaurin ɓoye.

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Rosenberg, Danny, Li Liu, Maureece J. Levin, Florian Klimscha, and Dina Shalem. "From Hangovers to Hierarchies: Beer production and use during the Chalcolithic period of the southern Levant – New evidence from Tel Tsaf and Peqi‘in Cave." Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 64 (December 2021): 101361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaa.2021.101361.

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Stec, Boguslaw. "Discovery of the Universal tRNA Binding Mode for the TsaD-like Components of the t6A tRNA Modification Pathway." Biophysica 3, no. 2 (April 12, 2023): 288–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biophysica3020019.

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Covalent addition of the threonylcarbamoyl group to N(6) of adenosine 37 (t6A modification) within the anticodon loop of several tRNAs is central to the translational fidelity in all known organisms. Structures for each of the enzyme components in the Tsa (t6A) pathway from all three kingdoms of life have been determined previously. In order to shed light on the poorly defined final step of t6A tRNA modification by TsaD-like components, we performed modeling studies. By docking a tRNA substrate molecule onto reanalyzed complete models of three TsaD-like proteins—TsaD from T. maritima, Qri7 from bacteria, and Kae1 from yeast—we identified a binding site that is common to all of them. An apparently universal binding mode has perfectly oriented tRNA for catalysis by TsaD. Furthermore, it suggests how the conformational changes in TsaD, in response to the binding of the additional regulatory subunits, control enzymatic activity. Re-refinement of the X-ray structure of the TsaBDE complex from T. maritima tentatively suggests that the moiety bound at the active site of the TsaD component is threonylcarbamoyl-AMP (TC-AMP). These findings suggest a detailed model for the mechanism of the catalytic reaction carried out by the TsaD-like components that explains the transfer of unstable TC-AMP from TsaC to TsaD proteins in the t6A modification pathway.

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Iager, A. E., Z. Beyhan, P. J. Ross, N. P. Ragina, K. Cunniff, R. M. Rodriguez, and J. B. Cibelli. "37 EFFECTS OF TRICHOSTATIN A TREATMENT ON BOVINE SOMATIC CELL NUCLEAR TRANSFER EMBRYOS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 20, no. 1 (2008): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv20n1ab37.

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Faulty epigenetic reprogramming is a likely major cause of the low success rate observed in all mammals produced through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). It has been reported that treatment of reconstructed mouse embryos with the potent histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA), results in significantly increased developmental capacity of SCNT preimplantation embryos and live offspring (Kishigami et al. 2006 Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 240, 183–189; Rybouchkin et al. 2006 Biol. Reprod. 74, 1083–1089; Kishigami et al. 2006 J. Reprod. Dev. 53, 165–170). Studies investigating similar reprogramming capabilities of TSA in bovine SCNT embryos report conflicting results (Akagi et al. 2007 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 19, 24 abst; Iwamoto et al. 2007 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 19, 48 abst). In this study, the effects of TSA treatment on in vitro development of bovine SCNT embryos were examined. Bovine fetal fibroblasts were cultured under contact inhibition for 2 to 5 days and used as donor cells for SCNT. Oocytes were aspirated from abattoir-derived ovaries, and matured in vitro for 18 h prior to enucleation. Reconstructed SCNT couplets were electrofused, and then activated 24 h post-maturation using 5 µm ionomycin followed by 2 mm dimethylaminopurine (DMAP) for 4 h. SCNT embryos were subjected to 0 (control; C-NT) or 50 nm TSA for 13 h post-ionomycin (hpi) TSAa-NT) or 13 hpi + 6 h starting from 40 hpi (TSAb-NT). IVF embryos were produced as an additional control. All embryos were cultured in KSOM supplemented with 3 mg mL–1 BSA for 7.5 days, with 5% FBS added on Day 3. Experiments were repeated 3 or 7 times, and data were analyzed a -way ANOVA procedure. Developmental rates to the blastocyst stage and total cell number of blastocysts were determined. Total cell numbers were determined by fixing blastocysts in 4% paraformaldehyde, and staining with bisbenzimide 33342, followed by microslide mounting and visualization using an epifluorescence microscope. No difference was observed in cleavage rates among the four treatment groups, C-NT, TSAa-NT, TSAb-NT, and IVF, with the rates being 66%, 75%, 73.1%, and 82.3%, respectively (P = 0.33); nor was any improvement seen in the rate of blastocyst development of TSAa-NT or TSAb-NT over C-NT embryos: 36%, 40.2%, and 30.2%, respectively (P = 0.22). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in mean total cell number of blastocysts among treatment groups: C-NT, 120.2; TSAa-NT, 124.2; TSAb-NT, 129.3; and IVF, 141.1 (P = 0.29). These results suggest that 50 nm TSA treatment immediately following activation does not affect the development of bovine SCNT preimplantation embryos.

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Russu, Octav Marius, Tudor Sorin Pop, Emilian Ciorcila, István Gergely, Sándor-György Zuh, Cristian Trâmbițaș, Paul Gabriel Borodi, Zsuzsanna Incze-Bartha, Andrei Marian Feier, and Vlad Alexandru Georgeanu. "Arthroscopic Repair in Tibial Spine Avulsion Fractures Using Polyethylene Terephthalate Suture: Good to Excellent Results in Pediatric Patients." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11050434.

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Background: The objective of the arthroscopic treatment in tibial spine avulsion fractures (TSAF) is to achieve firm reduction and strong internal fixation while still having the patient undergo a minimally invasive procedure. Material and methods: The study was performed on 12 young patients with avulsion fracture of the anterior tibial spine. All 12 patients had type 3 Modified Meyers and McKeever fractures. The injury mechanism was direct anterior to posterior trauma in full leg length hyperextension with sport trauma reported in all cases. The physical examination revealed decreased range of motion, extension deficit, and pain during walking. Radiology, MRI, and CT pathologic findings described complete fracture of the anterior tibial spine with no clear signs of callus formation at the time of examination. All patients underwent arthroscopic suture surgical treatment. The Tegner, the Lysholm, and the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores were used to evaluate subjective outcomes at three and six months after the surgery. Radiographs were used to assess callus formation and healing status of the fracture. Results: The mean IKDC score was 33.4 ± 23.3 (p = 0.032) preoperatively and 84.2 ± 14.3 at final follow-up (p = 0.0032, CI = 95%). The mean Tegner score improved from 3.8 ± 1.1 pre-operatively to 6.7 ± 2.2 at six months follow-up (p = 0.0231, CI = 95%). The Lysholm score differed significantly at baseline compared to final follow-up (53.7 ± 17.3 vs. 87.7 ± 9.9; p = 0.0066, CI = 95%). In all cases (n = 12), the radiographs taken after six months revealed the healing of the fracture in the anatomic position without secondary displacement. No functional knee instability was detected at the end of the study. Conclusions: The study provides preliminary promising results regarding fracture healing, knee stability, and functional subjective scores. Patient selection was a major factor of success prediction for this technique.

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Sohail, Muhammad Amir, Amna Bashir, Mahnoor Amjad, Muhammad Bilal Afzal, and Javed Hassan Raza. "Comparison between Outcomes of Open and Arthroscopic Fixation of Tibial Spine Avulsion Fractures." Journal of Gandhara Medical and Dental Science 11, no. 2 (April 1, 2024): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37762/jgmds.11-2.443.

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OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare the functional outcomes of fragment reduction and to measure the rate of postoperative complications between arthrotomy (ORIF) and arthroscopy(ARIF) pediatric tibial spine avulsion fractures using the Lysholm knee scoring system (limp, pain swelling, climbing stairs) and IKDC subjective knee evaluation form. METHODS: This Comparative Study was conducted at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jinnah Hospital Lahore, between 2021-2022. A total of 42 patients who had tibial spine avulsion fracture with follow-up of 6 months were included. Twenty-one patients were treated with ORIF, and 21 were treated with ARIF. Functional outcomes were assessed using the IKDC score and LYSHOLM score (Follow-up rate was 95 %). Radiographic findings of patients were recorded, and a statistical study was done. The level of significance was set at <0.05. RESULTS: The study revealed that out of 42 Participants, 36(85.71%) males and 6 (14.29 %) females participated in the survey with the age range of 8-16 years with a mean age of 12.02± (2.53) years. Out of 42 Participants, 22 (52.4%) had motor vehicle accidents with type 3(38.1%) and 4(54.8%) modified Meyers and Mckeever fracture classification. At the end of the follow-up period, the mean IKDC score was 90.52 + 1.50 (p = 0.00, CI = 95%). The Lysholm score was 90.676.11 compared to the last follow-up (p=0.20, CI = 95%). Compared to ORIF, only 5(11.9%) patients complained of post-op infection or vascular injury. CONCLUSION: This study observed better functional outcomes in arthroscopic reduction and immobilization than in open reduction internal fixation. Arthroscopy for TSAF decreases the risk of arthrofibrosis and minimizes morbidities and better management of symptoms. Compared to OIRF, ARIF showed good content validity for the IKDC and Lysholm scales.

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Hamidi, Sepehr, Chun-Rong Chen, Ramachandran Murali, Sandra M. McLachlan, and Basil Rapoport. "Probing Structural Variability at the N Terminus of the TSH Receptor with a Murine Monoclonal Antibody That Distinguishes between Two Receptor Conformational Forms." Endocrinology 154, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 562–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2012-1822.

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Despite elucidation of the crystal structure of M22, a human thyroid-stimulating autoantibody (TSAb) bound to the TSH receptor (TSHR) leucine-rich repeat domain (LRD), the mechanism by which TSAs activate the TSHR and cause Graves’ disease remains unknown. A nonstimulatory murine monoclonal antibody, 3BD10, and TSAb interact with the LRD N-terminal cysteine cluster and reciprocally distinguish between two different LRD conformational forms. To study this remarkable phenomenon, we investigated properties of 3BD10, which has a linear epitopic component. By synthetic peptide ELISA, we identified 3BD10 binding to TSHR amino acids E34, E35, and D36 within TSHR cysteine-bonded loop 2 (C31-C41), which includes R38, the most N-terminal contact residue of TSAb M22. On flow cytometry, despite not contributing to the 3BD10 and M22 epitopes, chimeric substitution (but not deletion) of TSHR cysteine-bonded loop 1 (C24-C29) eliminated 3BD10 binding to the TSHR ectodomain (ECD) expressed on the cell surface, as found previously for TSAb including M22. Furthermore, 3BD10 did not recognize all cell surface TSHR ECDs, consistent with recognition of only one conformational receptor form. Reversion to wild-type of small components of the loop 1 chimeric substitution partially restored 3BD10 binding to the TSHR-ECD but not to synthetic peptides tested by ELISA. Molecular modeling supports the concept that modification of TSHR C-bonded loop 1 influences loop 2 conformation as well as LRD residues further downstream. In conclusion, the present study with mouse monoclonal antibody 3BD10 confirms TSHR conformational heterogeneity and suggests that the N-terminal cysteine cluster may contribute to this structural variability.

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Gutiérrez-Escobedo, Guadalupe, Oscar Hernández-Carreón, Brenda Morales-Rojano, Brenda Revuelta-Rodríguez, Norma Vázquez-Franco, Irene Castaño, and Alejandro De Las Peñas. "Candida glabrata peroxiredoxins, Tsa1 and Tsa2, and sulfiredoxin, Srx1, protect against oxidative damage and are necessary for virulence." Fungal Genetics and Biology 135 (February 2020): 103287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2019.103287.

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Arron Sonangnon, Brito Thibautéon, Aboudou Kowiou, Alidou Chérif, Goudjinou Codjo, and Soumanou M. Mohamed. "Analyse des pratiques de production et qualité des poissons fumés commercialisés au sud-Bénin." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 18, no. 17 (May 31, 2022): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n17p154.

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Cette étude vise à analyser les pratiques de production et évaluer la qualité des poissons fumés commercialisés au Sud-Bénin. A cet effet, une enquête a été réalisée auprès de trente (30) transformatrices spécialisées dans le fumage du poisson. Les données relatives aux espèces de poissons fumés, aux procédés et équipements de fumage puis aux contraintes des transformatrices de poisson ont été collectées sur cinq (05) sites de fumage préalablement identifiés (Calavi Kpota, Xwlacodji, Bohicon, Dangbo et Comé) à raison de six (06) transformatrices par site. Les qualités physicochimiques et microbiologiques de 60 échantillons constitués de quatre (04) espèces de poissons (Clarias, Tilapias, Maquereaux et Chinchards) les plus fumées et collectées de façon aléatoire ont été évaluées suivant des méthodes standards. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que les Clarias et Tilapias puis les Maquereaux et Chinchards sont respectivement les deux espèces de poissons locaux et importés les plus fumées dans la zone d’étude selon 65% des productrices. L’étude a permis de répertorier quatre technologies de fumage de poisson au Sud du Bénin : la technologie artisanale TA1 la plus pratiquée (100 % des transformatrices) suivie de la technologie TA2 (3,33%) puis les technologies semi-améliorées TSA1 (16,66%) et TSA2 (6,66%). Les technologies artisanales TA1 et TA2 sont essentiellement basées sur l’utilisation des foyers en tonneau métallique (100 %), en terre cuite et barrique (76,66%) et des foyers Nansou (3,33 %) tandis que les semi-améliorées TSA1 et TSA2 utilisent respectivement les fours FTT-Thiaroye et QualiSani avec du charbon comme combustible. L’analyse de la qualité physicochimique a révélé une variabilité entre les pH (6,24 à 7,4), les teneurs en eau (24,2 à 54,34 %), en protéines (38,64 à 53,68 %) et en lipides (2,38 à 16,63 %) des poissons fumés. Les indices de peroxyde des différentes huiles (11,63 à 23,85 meq O2/kg) indiquent un début d’altération dans les poissons fumés collectés. Les résultats microbiologiques ont montré la présence, des Germes Aérobies Mésophiles Totales (GAMT) (2,2 à 7,2 105 UFC/g), des Coliformes totaux (1,5 à 4,2 103 UFC/g), des Coliformes fécaux (<1 à 8,2101 UFC/g) et des Escherichia coli (2,8 à 8,2 UFC/g) pour la majorité des échantillons et présentent des valeurs non conformes à la norme exceptés les salmonelles qui sont absents. La nécessité d’améliorer les différentes pratiques s’avère donc nécessaire en vue d’obtenir les produits finis de qualité. This study aims to analyze production practices and assess the quality of smoked fish marketed in southern Benin. To this end, a survey was conducted among thirty (30) processors specializing in the smoking of fish. Data relating to the species of smoked fish, the smoking processes and equipment and then the constraints of the fish processors were collected on five (05) previously identified smoking sites (Calavi Kpota, Xwlacodji, Bohicon, Dangbo and Comé) at a rate of six (06) transformers per site. The physicochemical and microbiological qualities of 60 samples made up of four (04) species of fish (Clarias, Tilapias, Mackerel and Horse mackerel) the most smoked and collected at random were evaluated using standard methods. The results obtained showed that Clarias and Tilapias then Mackerel and Horse mackerel are respectively the two most smoked local and imported fish species in the study area according to 65% of the producers. The study made it possible to identify four fish smoking technologies in southern Benin: the most widely practiced artisanal TA1 technology (100% of women processors) followed by TA2 technology (3.33%) then the semi-improved TSA1 technologies ( 16.66%) and TSA2 (6.66%). The TA1 and TA2 artisanal technologies are essentially based on the use of metal barrel stoves (100%), terracotta and barrel (76.66%) and Nansou stoves (3.33%) while the semi-improved TSA1 and TSA2 respectively use the FTT-Thiaroye and QualiSani ovens with coal as fuel. The analysis of the physicochemical quality revealed a variability between the pH (6.24 to 7.4), the water content (24.2 to 54.34%), protein (38.64 to 53.68% ) and lipids (2.38 to 16.63%) of smoked fish. The peroxide indices of the different oils (11.63 to 23.85 meq O2/kg) indicate the onset of spoilage in smoked fish. The microbiological results showed the presence of Total Mesophilic Aerobic Germs (GAMT) (2.2 to 7.2 105 CFU/g), Total Coliforms (1.5 to 4.2 103 CFU/g), Faecal Coliforms (<1 to 8.2101 CFU/g) and Escherichia coli (2.8 to 8.2 CFU/g) for the majority of the samples and show values that do not comply with the standard except salmonella which are absent. The need to improve the various practices is therefore necessary in order to obtain quality finished products.

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Hum, Gabriel, Krista Wooler, Jeremy Lee, and Scott D. Taylor. "Cyclic five-membered phosphinate esters as transition state analogues for obtaining phosphohydrolase antibodies." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 78, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 642–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v00-068.

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Two novel cyclic five-membered phosphinate esters (6 and 7) were synthesized and used as transition state analogues (TSAs) for raising phosphohydrolase antibodies. The key step in the syntheses was a McCormack reaction between (2-chloroethyl)dichlorophosphite and 1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene to form isomeric cyclic phosphinyl chlorides which upon further elaboration yielded the TSAs. X-ray crystal structures of two cyclic phosphinate TSA precursors (14a and 14b) show highly compressed CPC bond angles of 94°-97° indicating that the CPC bond angles in 6 and 7 are significantly distorted towards the ideal trigonal bipyramidal equatorial-apical transition state angle of 90° formed during phosphate ester hydrolysis. Antibodies were raised to 6 and 7 using standard hybridoma technology. One antibody, Jel 541, an IgM class antibody, was obtained that was capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of phosphonate substrate 9 and, to a much lesser extent, phosphate substrate 8. This antibody bound TSA 6 approximately 100 times more tightly than TSA 7 as determined by solid phase radio immune assays. The activity of the antibody-catalyzed reaction was completely inhibited by the presence of TSA6. Although the relative instability and poor solubility of Jel 541 made it impossible to perform a detailed kinetic analysis of the antibody-catalyzed reactions, these results demonstrate that phosphohydrolase antibodies can indeed be obtained using cyclic five membered phosphinates as haptens.Key words: transition state analogues, phosphate ester hydrolysis, catalytic antibodies.

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Tairum, Carlos A., Melina Cardoso Santos, Carlos Alexandre Breyer, Robert Ryan Geyer, Cecilia J. Nieves, Stephanie Portillo-Ledesma, Gerardo Ferrer-Sueta, et al. "Tsa1 and Tsa2 Are Two Highly Similar 2-Cys Prx from Yeast That Display Remarkable Differences in Their Structural Switches." Free Radical Biology and Medicine 100 (November 2016): S110—S111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.284.

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Harris, Marilyn D. "Tsao Foundation." Home Healthcare Now 39, no. 1 (January 2021): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nhh.0000000000000917.

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McMillan, Lan. "Tsar turn." Mental Health Practice 4, no. 7 (April 2001): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/mhp.4.7.8.s17.

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McMillan, Ian. "Tsar potential." Nursing Standard 14, no. 37 (May 31, 2000): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.14.37.12.s24.

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Mullard, Asher. "John Tsai." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 18, no. 6 (May 14, 2019): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41573-019-00089-6.

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Julson, Jenna L., Mona H. Maloney, Dana J. Radle, Emily M. Westaby, Carol A. Figi, and Jenny M. Bauer. "TSAM®." Journal for Nurses in Professional Development 40, no. 6 (September 28, 2024): 294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nnd.0000000000001068.

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Nursing professional development practitioners used a phased approach to apply TSAM® in ambulatory nursing orientation redesign across a regional health system in the Midwest. The team used job descriptions, practice standards, and nursing workflows with TSAM® components to develop tiered orientation objectives, resource time activities, and continuous partnership strategies that support ambulatory nursing practice. Project outcomes included creating a standardized orientation record and resource time activities across multiple clinics, strengthening stakeholder accountability, and post-implementation sustainability.

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Chu, W. S., and S. Rich. "Suppressor T cell growth and differentiation: evidence for induced receptors on suppressor T cells that bind a suppressor T cell differentiation factor." Journal of Immunology 138, no. 2 (January 15, 1987): 504–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.138.2.504.

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Abstract T suppressor cell differentiation factor (TsDF) induces the differentiation of alloantigen-primed suppressor T cells (MLR-Ts) to expression of their effector function, i.e., to active TsF production. The initial activation stimulus to Ts is provided by alloantigen binding; after this binding, Ts are functionally responsive only for a period of hours to the additional stimulus provided by TsDF. The present studies addressed the possibility that MLR-Ts responsiveness to TsDF reflects the induced and transient display of TsDF-binding receptors. TsDF receptor expression was investigated by determining the capacity of TsDF-responsive MLR-Ts to adsorb TsDF activity and to respond to that TsDF pulse by TsF production. Primed Ts populations that were alloantigen restimulated for 8 hr adsorbed TsDF in a cell dose-dependent fashion and produced TsF in response to that adsorption, whereas alloantigen-stimulated naive cells or primed but nonrestimulated cells neither responded to nor bound TsDF. Primed and restimulated L3T4-Ly-2+ but not L3T4+-Ly-2--enriched T cells bound TsDF. TsDF adsorption was saturable and time and temperature dependent. Glutaraldehyde fixation did not prevent TsDF adsorption by restimulated MLR-Ts, whereas pronase treatment abolished their TsDF-binding capacity. Kinetic analyses demonstrated that the capacity to bind TsDF developed rapidly after alloantigen reexposure, with maximal binding within 8 hr, followed by rapid decay with loss of TsDF binding by 36 hr. The kinetics of TsDF-induced TsF production correlated precisely with those of TsDF binding. These observations provide strong evidence that TsDF affects primed alloantigen-reactive Ts by interaction with antigen-induced and transiently expressed cell surface receptors. TsDF-receptor binding is then the stimulus for expression of Ts effector function.

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Tralau, Tewes, Alasdair M. Cook, and J�rgen Ruff. "An additional regulator, TsaQ, is involved with TsaR in regulation of transport during the degradation of p -toluenesulfonate in Comamonas testosteroni T-2." Archives of Microbiology 180, no. 5 (November 1, 2003): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00203-003-0594-8.

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Takasu, Nobuyuki, and Mina Matsushita. "Changes of TSH-Stimulation Blocking Antibody (TSBAb) and Thyroid Stimulating Antibody (TSAb) Over 10 Years in 34 TSBAb-Positive Patients with Hypothyroidism and in 98 TSAb-Positive Graves’ Patients with Hyperthyroidism: Reevaluation of TSBAb and TSAb in TSH-Receptor-Antibody (TRAb)-Positive Patients." Journal of Thyroid Research 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/182176.

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Two TRAbs: TSBAb and TSAb. TSBAb causes hypothyroidism. TSAb causes Graves’ hyperthyroidism. TSBAb and TSAb block TSH-binding to cells as TRAb, measured as TSH-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin (TBII). We reevaluate TSBAb and TSAb. We studied TSBAb, TSAb, and TBII over 10 years in 34 TSBAb-positives with hypothyroidism and in 98 TSAb-positives with hyperthyroidism. Half of the 34 TSBAb-positives with hypothyroidism continued to have persistently positive TSBAb, continued to have hypothyroidism, and did not recover from hypothyroidism. Ten of the 98 TSAb-positives with hyperthyroidism continued to have positive TSAb and continued to have hyperthyroidism. TSBAb had disappeared in 15 of the 34 TSBAb-positives with hypothyroidism. With the disappearance of TSBAb, recovery from hypothyroidism was noted in 13 (87%) of the 15 patients. TSAb had disappeared in 73 of the 98 TSAb-positives with hyperthyroidism. With the disappearance of TSAb, remissions of hyperthyroidism were noted in 60 (82%) of the 73. Two of the 34 TSBAb-positives with hypothyroidism developed TSAb-positive Graves’ hyperthyroidism. Two of the 98 TSAb-positive Graves’ patients with hyperthyroidism developed TSBAb-positive hypothyroidism. TSBAb and TSAb are TRAbs. TSBAb-hypothyroidism and TSAb-hyperthyroidism may be two aspects of one disease (TRAb disease). Two forms of autoimmune thyroiditis: atrophic and goitrous. We followed 34 TSBAb-positive patients with hypothyroidism (24 atrophic and 10 goitrous) over 10 years. All of the 10 TSBAb-positive goitrous patients recovered from hypothyroidism and 19 (79%) of the 24 TSBAb-positive atrophic patients continued to have hypothyroidism.

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