Journal articles: 'Trusts, United States, 1904'

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Gray, Karen A. "Community Land Trusts in the United States." Journal of Community Practice 16, no. 1 (May 22, 2008): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10705420801977999.

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Gabriel, Fernanda Sousa, Kárem Cristina de Sousa Ribeiro Post, Kárem Cristina de Sousa Ribeiro Post, Pablo Rogers, and Pablo Rogers. "Clustering Real Estate Investment Trusts: Brazil versus United States." Journal of Management Research 7, no. 4 (July 9, 2015): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jmr.v7i4.7848.

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This research aims to cluster American and Brazilian Real Estate Investment Trusts – USAREITs and BRREITs, respectively – based on their risk-adjusted measures of performance from January/2003 to August/2013, as well as before, during and after the financial crisis of 2008. Factor and Cluster Analysis pointed out three groups. Afterwards, Kruskal-Wallis and Dwass-Steel-Chritchlow-Fligner pairwise comparisons were adopted to verify the statistical differences between clusters. Overall, BRREITs achieved a better performance before and during the crisis, but an inferior performance after the crisis. USAREITs presented a more aggressive strategy after the crisis, whilst BRREITs presented a more conservative strategy during the same period.

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Bove, A. A. "The use of purpose trusts in the United States." Trusts & Trustees 10, no. 8 (July 1, 2004): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/10.8.6.

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Raphael, David K. L. "Extending the life of a trust estate (“the trust estate”): an Australian viewpoint for UK readers." Trusts & Trustees 26, no. 4 (April 13, 2020): 347–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/ttaa017.

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Abstract Variation of a trust deed in any of the States and Territories of Australia by extending its period of operation does not cause the instrument of change to be exigible to ad valorem stamp duty, even if the instrument in question is a resettlement. Likewise, it is also not a resettlement for capital gains tax purposes and, in this respect, it is submitted that the same statements of principle apply in the United Kingdom. Australian law owes much to the laws of the United Kingdom as is made abundantly clear in such Australian texts as Hill on the Duties Act and Jacobs Law of Trusts, Ford & Lee on Trusts, Dal Pont on Trusts and Ong on Trusts. The English texts such as Lewin on Trusts, Underhill & Hayton Law of Trusts and Trustees, and Thomas & Hudson on Trusts are equally helpful to persons seeking knowledge, as also remains the respective 3rd and 4th editions of Scott on Trusts and Scott & Ascher on Trusts. This paper seeks to establish its themes with the aid of extracts from both Australian and United Kingdom decisions. If some seem lengthy, then, in this commentator’s opinion, that length is justified.

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Ihde, Thomas W. "Irish-Language Textbooks in the United States, 1873-1904." New Hibernia Review 9, no. 2 (2005): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nhr.2005.0039.

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Moen, Jon, and Ellis W. Tallman. "The Bank Panic of 1907: The Role of Trust Companies." Journal of Economic History 52, no. 3 (September 1992): 611–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700011414.

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The Bank Panic of 1907 was one of the most severe financial crises in the United States before the Great Depression. Although contemporaries realized that the panic in New York City was centered at trust companies, subsequent research has relied heavily on national bank data. Balance sheet data for trust companies and state banks as well as call reports of national banks indicate that the contraction of loans and deposits in New York City during the panic was confined to the trust companies.

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Sass, Emma M., Marla Markowski-Lindsay, Brett J. Butler, Jesse Caputo, Andrew Hartsell, Emily Huff, and Amanda Robillard. "Dynamics of Large Corporate Forestland Ownerships in the United States." Journal of Forestry 119, no. 4 (April 3, 2021): 363–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvab013.

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Abstract Ownership of forestland in the United States has changed in recent decades, including the proliferation of timber investment management organizations (TIMOs) and real estate investment trusts (REITs), with the potential to alter forest management and timber supply. This article quantifies forest ownership transitions among ownership categories between 2007 and 2017 and investigates how and why large corporate ownerships own and manage their forestlands. Ownership transitions were determined from refined USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis data; we also conducted a survey of large corporate forestland ownerships. Corporate forestland acreage increased between 2007 and 2017, while family and public forestland decreased. Large corporate landowners report multidimensional, financially focused land management, although industry, timber investment management organizations, real estate investment trusts, and other owners report some different motivations and income streams. This work provides a baseline to track future ownership transitions and the behaviors of large corporate forestland owners.

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Walsh, G. C., and M. J. Michaels. "The state of statutory business trusts in the United States." Trusts & Trustees 19, no. 6 (June 11, 2013): 681–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/ttt109.

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CALDWELL, M. BLAKE, PATRICIA L. FLEMING, and MARGARET J. OXTOBY. "Estimated Number of AIDS Orphans in the United States." Pediatrics 90, no. 3 (September 1, 1992): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.90.3.482.

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To the Editor.— The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in child-bearing women impacts our society in a number of ways. One of these is the legacy of uninfected children left without their mothers when these women succumb to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We have calculated a crude estimate of the current and future number of these AIDS orphans. As of December 31, 1991, 21 225 women (≥13 years of age) with AIDS were reported to the Centers for Disease Control from the United States, Puerto Rico, and the Trusts and Territories; 17 910 (84%) were of reproductive age (15 to 44 years) at the time they were diagnosed with AIDS.

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Taniguchi, Akitake. "A STUDY ON THE CONSOLIDATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES, 1882-1904." Keiei Shigaku (Japan Business History Review) 25, no. 3 (1990): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5029/bhsj.25.3_1.

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Palumbo, G. "Trusts in Italian tax treaties with the United Kingdom and the United States of America." Trusts & Trustees 3, no. 1 (December 1, 1996): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/3.1.20.

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DeFilippis, James, Olivia R. Williams, Joseph Pierce, Deborah G. Martin, Rich Kruger, and Azadeh Hadizadeh Esfahani. "On the Transformative Potential of Community Land Trusts in the United States." Antipode 51, no. 3 (February 12, 2019): 795–817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/anti.12509.

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Begiazi, Kyriaki, Dimitrios Asteriou, and Keith Pilbeam. "A multivariate analysis of United States and global real estate investment trusts." International Economics and Economic Policy 13, no. 3 (June 2, 2016): 467–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10368-016-0349-z.

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OLMSTEAD, ALAN L., and PAUL W. RHODE. "The “Tuberculous Cattle Trust”: Disease Contagion in an Era of Regulatory Uncertainty." Journal of Economic History 64, no. 4 (December 2004): 929–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050704043049.

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In 1900 bovine tuberculosis was a serious and growing threat to animal and human health. Early private and state initiatives in the United States often increased the incentives for the interstate trade of diseased stock. One unscrupulous dealer exposed thousands of dairy herds and families to the disease. Our study helps explain the expanding federal role in regulating food safety. In this case regulations arose from genuine health concerns. Before the development of strict regulations, diagnostic innovations that could have helped prevent the spread of the disease actually made the operation of markets worse by aggravating asymmetric information problems.

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Charbonneau, Oliver. "Visiting the Metropole: Muslim Colonial Subjects in the United States, 1904–1927*." Diplomatic History 42, no. 2 (August 2, 2017): 204–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/dh/dhx062.

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Gass, Kenneth C., Gregory D. Edgecombe, Lars Ramsköld, Donald G. Mikulic, and Rodney Watkins. "Silurian Encrinurinae (Trilobita) from the central United States." Journal of Paleontology 66, no. 1 (January 1992): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000033497.

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Silurian (Llandovery–Ludlow) Encrinurinae from Wisconsin, Indiana, and Illinois include species ofBalizomaHolloway, 1980,CurriellaLamont, 1978,DistyraxLane, 1988,EncrinurusEmmrich, 1844,MackenziurusEdgecombe and Chatterton, 1990a, andNucleurusRamsköld, 1986.Mackenziurus lauriaen. sp. is described from Wenlock strata of the Racine and Sugar Run Dolomites; nine segments in the holaspid thorax are the fewest known for any encrinurid. A square rostral plate is diagnostic ofMackenziurus. New morphological data are provided by Illinois specimens ofBalizoma indianensis(Kindle and Breger, 1904) from the Wenlock–Ludlow Racine Dolomite, and ofCurriella tuberculifrons(Weller, 1907) from the Llandovery Elwood–Wilhelmi Formations.Nucleurusn. sp. is possibly from Llandovery strata in Wisconsin.Distyraxn. sp. occurs in the Brandon Bridge Member (late Llandovery–early Wenlock) of the Joliet Dolomite in Illinois. The type pygidia and possible topotype material ofEncrinurus nereusHall, 1867, confirm assignment to that genus as currently viewed; this reefal species is distinct from the closely related inter-reef speciesE. eganiMiller, 1880, and appears to be distinct from reefalE. reflexusRaymond, 1916. Lectotypes are selected for theseEncrinurusspecies.

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Samuels, J. M. "THE 1904 CONGRESS OF ACCOUNTANTS: NATIONAL OR INTERNATIONAL?" Accounting Historians Journal 12, no. 1 (March 1, 1985): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.12.1.99.

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The International accounting congresses, which are held every five years, are numbered under the assumption that the first such international gathering was the one held in St. Louis in 1904. In this paper, the question is raised whether this 1904 Congress should be called “international”. There are reasons to believe that the main objective of the congress was to raise the status of the profession in the United States, and that the slight international involvement was little more than window dressing.

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Keire, M. L. "The Vice Trust: A Reinterpretation of the White Slavery Scare in the United States, 1907-1917." Journal of Social History 35, no. 1 (September 1, 2001): 5–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsh.2001.0089.

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Singer, S. F. "The Use of Offshore Trusts by Residents or Nationals of the United States." Trusts & Trustees 1, no. 5 (April 1, 1995): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/1.5.11.

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Edmonson, J. M. "Health and Medicine on Display: International Expositions in the United States, 1876-1904." Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 66, no. 1 (August 31, 2010): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrq033.

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MAURER, NOEL, and CARLOS YU. "What T. R. Took: The Economic Impact of the Panama Canal, 1903–1937." Journal of Economic History 68, no. 3 (September 2008): 686–721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050708000612.

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The Panama Canal was one of the largest public investments of its time. In the first decade of its operation, the canal produced significant social returns for the United States. Most of these returns were due to the transportation of petroleum from California to the East Coast. The United States also succeeded in leveraging the threat of military force to obtain a much better deal from the Panamanian government than it could have negotiated otherwise.“I took the Isthmus.” President Theodore Roosevelt, 1904“Why, it's ours, we stole it fair and square.” Senator Samuel Hayakawa, 1977

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22

Hoffman, C. P. "“The Mother of Combines”: Representations of the United States in Early Canadian Discourse on the Combines Problem and the Formation of Canadian National Identity." Canadian Journal of Law and Society / Revue Canadienne Droit et Société 36, no. 1 (March 22, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cls.2020.37.

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AbstractIn 1887, Canada was in a fervour over so-called “combines,” a term used to cover price-fixing schemes, pool agreements, trusts, and other cartel arrangements. The public debate led to the passage in 1889 of the Anti-Combines Act, the world’s first modern competition statute, enacted a year prior to the United States’ Sherman Antitrust Act. But while Canada acted before its neighbour to the south, the United States was omnipresent in the Canadian debates in four ways: as a benchmark against which the Canadian economy and the combines problem should be judged; as a model for potential legal action; as a potential economic liberator; and as the very source and propagator of the combines problem. Canadians thus alternately presented the United States as saviour or devil, as paragon or antithesis. The result was a paradox of a sort: Canadians borrowed American ideas in order to avoid becoming American.

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23

Xu, Danni. "Comparative Analysis of Reits Development in China and the USA." Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 21 (December 12, 2023): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v21i.14417.

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This academic paper provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of the development of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) in China and the United States. REITs have gained significant prominence as investment vehicles in the global real estate market, offering individuals and institutions the opportunity to access diversified real estate assets. The objective of this study is to investigate the historical background, legal frameworks, market characteristics, and performance indicators of REITs in China and the United States, with a focus on identifying similarities, differences, challenges, and potential opportunities for their development in each country. By examining these key aspects, this research aims to enhance the understanding of policymakers, investors, and researchers regarding the distinct dynamics and prospects of REITs in these two major economies. The findings of this analysis provide valuable insights for stakeholders interested in capitalizing on the potential of REITs as a viable investment option in China and the United States.

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Kerry, Happiness P. "Electoral fraud and democratic election: a comparison of Nigeria 2019 elections and United States 2020 elections." Journal of Global Social Sciences 2, no. 7 (September 1, 2021): 85–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.31039/jgss.v2i7.27.

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The 2020 elections in the United States’ 2020 elections were full of controversies despite recording the highest voters turnout since 1900. These electoral disputes are due to claims made by the then President, Donald Trump. Though the supreme court dismissed the claims of electoral fraud, the impact has left the American citizens more polarised at the national, state, and congressional levels. Scholars have argued that electoral fraud has existed since modern democratic development in the mid and late 19th century and is still occasionally an issue in some well-established democracies, while other scholars are not in support of such claims. Compared to the 2019 elections conducted in Nigeria, reports of electoral frauds have been on the front burner right from 1999. Its impact had made citizens have voters apathy and no trust in the democratic system in Nigeria. This paper used the qualitative research method to analyse the United States 2020 election cases of electoral fraud in an advanced democracy and diagnosed Nigeria’s 2019 and the United States 2020 elections. First, the study looked at the issues and challenges that have affected elections in both countries. Second, the paper used Game theory and the Conspiracy theory to assess the impact of a more proximate determinant of Election Day fraud; it examines Nigeria’s strategic efforts to combat electoral fraud using card reader technology. Finally, the paper concluded that there is no basis for comparison regarding elections in Nigeria and United States despite the hitches observed by the world in the United States elections. Electoral fraud will be inevitable regardless of how democratic a country claims to be if certain democratic tenets are not in place.

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Gintis, Herbert. "Review of Hanushek "Making Schools Work"." education policy analysis archives 3 (March 31, 1995): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v3n7.1995.

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Making Schools Work is about the economics of educational policy. The Brookings Institution, publisher of the volume, is among the most respected institutions of economic policy research in the United States. The analysis and recommendations offered by Eric Hanushek, Professor of Economics at the University of Rochester, are based on original research financed by the Pew Charitable Trusts, and carried out by a distinguished group of economists.

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Жуков, Олександр. "US FOREIGN POLICY STRATEGY IN THE FAR EAST IN 1901–1904." КОНСЕНСУС, no. 1 (2021): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31110/consensus/2021-01/096-105.

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The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the formation of US Far Eastern policy in the early twentieth century. The author identifies the transformation of the country's foreign policy from isolationism to active action as key aspects of the study. Determining the strategic need of the United States to gain a foothold in the Far East reveals the main foreign policy vectors. A special role in this was played by US President Theodore Roosevelt and Secretary of State John Hay, who were the ideologues of the new, "Pacific era" and "open door" policy, particularly in China, which should have led to the beginning of the "American century". Achieving these goals was possible by maintaining friendly relations with Britain and Japan as opposed to Russia. Such a strategy weakened the position of the latter in the region and, as a consequence, increased US trade with the countries of the Far East. The article also considers the main events that led to the beginning of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905 and the role of the United States in it, which sought to gain a foothold in the Far East through flexible diplomacy. The author notes the main successes in this direction, in particular, the assessment of the talks between the US Secretary of Defense W. Taft and the Prime Minister of Japan T. Katsura both at the official and unofficial levels. Particular attention is paid to the economic component in the relationship between the Far East (including China) and official governmental and private organizations in the United States. The author notes that, in fact, US policy in China and Japan did not differ from the policy of Western European countries, but the forms and methods of their expansion were different. The study of this problem is important both for studying the peculiarities of US policy in Asia in the past, and for understanding current international relations in the Far East.

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Russell QC, David. "Trusts and foundations move onshore in the Gulf." Trusts & Trustees 27, no. 4 (May 1, 2021): 311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/ttab016.

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Abstract Commencing in the 7th-century CE, the notion developed in Islamic jurisprudence that property, although legally owned by a person, might nonetheless be subjected to enforceable obligations that it be utilised for the benefit of specific purposes (usually religious) or, later, for individuals, be they the recipients of charity or family members. Such property was said to be in detention (“waqf”). Later, similar legal concepts developed in the common law world (in the form of trusts) and the civil law world (in the form of foundations). In the Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC) states (the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain and Kuwait), laws of the jurisdictions recognise these concepts to varying degrees—most completely in the United Arab Emirates, where common law trusts in the financial free zones, trusts in the civil law jurisdiction, foundations, a form of statutory waqf (the endowment) and awqaf (the plural of waqf), and the Court of Appeal of the Dubai International Financial Centre (“DIFC”) has recently reviewed the application of the DIFC’s Trust and Foundations Laws with the benefit of an opinion from Shari’a scholars as to the interaction of the DIFC’s legal structures with Shari’a. The article explores the development and interaction of these legal concepts, the role which they can play in the context of the region’s private wealth, and compares the various statutory regimes.

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Canady, Valerie A. "Project makes suicide risk screening part of routine care." Mental Health Weekly 34, no. 22 (May 31, 2024): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mhw.34067.

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Observing that suicide is a growing public health problem in the United States, the Pew Charitable Trusts implemented a suicide reduction risk project to ensure that providers take advantage of opportunities to identify individuals at risk for a suicide attempt and connect them to care, especially considering that nearly half of the people who die by suicide have a visit with a health care professional within four weeks of their death.

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Barton, M. S. "The Global War on Anarchism: The United States and International Anarchist Terrorism, 1898-1904." Diplomatic History 39, no. 2 (March 10, 2014): 303–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/dh/dhu004.

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Kauffman, George B., Gregory S. Girolami, and Daryle H. Busch. "John C. Bailar, Jr. (1904–1991): father of coordination chemistry in the United States." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 128, no. 1-2 (October 1993): 1–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-8545(93)80022-w.

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31

Pexa, Christopher J. "More Than Talking Animals: Charles Alexander Eastman's Animal Peoples and Their Kinship Critiques of United States Colonialism." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 131, no. 3 (May 2016): 652–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2016.131.3.652.

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Red Hunters and the Animal People (1904), an early collection of stories for children by Charles Alexander Eastman, a Dako$$ta author, was largely viewed by his critical contemporaries as a politically innocuous analogue to Kipling's Jungle Book Stories. Through consideration of the Dako$$ta oral-historical genre of hituᒋkaᒋkaᒋpi (“long ago stories”) and of Dako$$ta peoplehood more broadly, this article proposes an alternative view of Eastman as a resistance writer who cited a long-circulating Dako$$ta kinship philosophy to criticize the enduring conditions of United States settler colonialism—a criticism that would become more pointed in his later, better-known autobiography, From the Deep Woods to Civilization (1915). In viewing Eastman's animal tales as opposed to United States colonialism, we may see more clearly his innovative translations of Dako$$ta politics into narratives that both appealed to and challenged United States settler society. These challenges were made in relation to Dako$$ta conceptions of peoplehood, power, and gift.

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Rutterford, Janette. "Learning from one another's mistakes: investment trusts in the UK and the US, 1868–1940." Financial History Review 16, no. 2 (September 16, 2009): 157–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565009990060.

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AbstractThis article explores the development of the closed-end investment trust in both the UK and the US, in the context of the investment management strategies adopted and whether they provided value-added services for investors. Although US investment trusts of the 1920s boom years were heavily influenced by their earlier UK counterparts, they differed from British investment trusts in a number of key ways, in particular, size, capital structure, tax and accounting practices, management, and costs. These differences led to their relatively much worse performance in the stock market crash of the late 1920s and early 1930s. This poor US trust performance led directly to the creation of the US open-ended ‘fixed trust’, marketed as an antidote to the generally poor management of conventional closed-end investment trusts. As confidence in mutual funds slowly returned in the United States, open-ended funds were gradually given more flexibility, but US investment trust companies, with share prices at a steep discount to liquidation value, and partly blamed for the crash, were encouraged to convert to mutual fund status by the 1936 Revenue Act. By 1944, open-end funds had overtaken investment trusts in terms of asset size, a phenomenon that did not occur in Britain for another 30 years.

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COHEN, JUDAH M. "Embodying Musical Heritage in a New–Old Profession: American Jewish Cantorial Schools, 1904–1939." Journal of the Society for American Music 11, no. 1 (January 16, 2017): 25–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752196316000511.

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AbstractCurrent scholarship on music in Jewish life generally views American cantorial training as a postwar process of transplantation, translating a culture decimated by the Holocaust into a higher education program in the United States. Recently available digital repositories of historical materials, however, show at least five organized efforts to establish American cantorial schools between 1904 and 1939. I closely examine these efforts here, which reveal during this period a complicated and active negotiation surrounding the role of the cantor—and music more generally—in American Jewish life. Organizers of these schools engaged in active dialogue with cantorial colleagues in central and eastern Europe, subsequently creating institutional training models that imbued the cantor with a character, history, musical repertoire, and professional lifecycle compatible with the United States’ religious marketplace. Understanding the urge to establish these schools in the first half of the twentieth century, and the tendency to forget or minimize these efforts after World War II, offers insight into the flexibility of musical tradition as it sought to reassert itself on American soil.

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Matta, Christina. "Ambiguous Bodies and Deviant Sexualities: hermaphrodites, homosexuality, and surgery in the United States, 1850-1904." Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 48, no. 1 (2005): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2005.0012.

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SOHN, JAE-CHEON, and JON A. LEWIS. "Catalogue of the type specimens of Yponomeutoidea (Lepidoptera) in the collection of the United States National Museum of Natural History." Zootaxa 3573, no. 1 (December 6, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3573.1.1.

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The collection of the United States National Museum of Natural History includes 183 type specimens of Yponomeutoidea: 106 holotypes, 24 lectotypes, 2 neotypes and 14 species described from syntypes. The primary type specimens of Yponomeutoidea are catalogued with annotations of their collecting data, specimen condition and, if any, uncertainty involving in the type series. Lectotypes are designated for 23 species comprising six Argyresthiidae: Argyresthia alternatella Kearfott, 1908, A. bolliella Busck, 1907, A. castaneella Busck, 1915, A. furcatella Busck, 1916, A. laricella Kearfott, 1908, A. libocedrella Busck, 1916; two Attevidae: Atteva exquisita Busck, 1912, Oeta comptana var. floridana Neumoegen, 1891; Bedelliidae: Bedellia minor Busck, 1900; two Glyphipterigidae: Abrenthia cuprea Busck, 1915, Glyphipterix semiflavana Issiki, 1930; two Heliodinidae: Lamprolophus lithella Busck, 1900, Scelorthus pisoniella Busck, 1900; three Lyonetiidae: Leucoptera erythrinella Busck, 1900, L. pachystimella Busck, 1904, L. smilaciella Busck, 1900; Praydidae: Eucatagma amyrisella Busck, 1900; three Yponomeutidae: Swammerdamia castaneae Busck, 1914, Zelleria celastrusella Kearfott, 1903, Z. gracilariella Busck, 1904; three putative yponomeutoids: Pliniaca bakerella Busck, 1907, Pl. sparsisquamella Busck, 1907, Podiasa chiococcella Busck, 1900.

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Khan, Mostafa Saidur Rahim, Naheed Rabbani, and Yoshihiko Kadoya. "Is Financial Literacy Associated with Investment in Financial Markets in the United States?" Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 8, 2020): 7370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187370.

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Lack of investment in financial markets is one of the enduring puzzles in empirical finance. Although recent studies ascribe the lack of investment in stocks to financial literacy, the association between financial literacy and investment in financial markets remains inconclusive. We examine whether financial literacy is associated with investment in financial markets in the United States. We use investment in stocks, futures/options, investment trusts, corporate bonds, foreign currency deposits, and government bonds of foreign currency as a proxy for investment in financial markets. Using data from the Preference Parameter Study, a nationwide panel survey conducted by Osaka University of Japan, we provide evidence that financial literacy has a significantly positive association with investment in financial markets even after controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, and psychological factors. We check the robustness of our results by using an alternative proxy for investment in financial markets. Our study has far-reaching policy implications and we conclude by suggesting the introduction of financial literacy programs into the academic curriculum. Improving financial literacy could positively impact the mobilization of household funds and contribute to capital formation.

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Becker, Stephanie. "The Snapshots of A. Thomas Nelson: A Case Study in the Preservation of Early 20th-century Vernacular Albums." Collections: A Journal for Museum and Archives Professionals 14, no. 2 (June 2018): 171–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155019061801400205.

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Throughout the early 20th century, A. Thomas Nelson took snapshots while traveling the United States and Canada. His wife, Catherine Nelson, made a selection of these and placed them within eight photographic albums, later acquired by the George Eastman Museum in Rochester, New York. Using one of these, “Snapshots from Travels in the United States and Canada (1904–1940),” as a case study, this article explores preservation practices for early 20th-century vernacular albums. While such albums are a valuable part of any collection, they present many complex preservation challenges due to the variety of materials contained within a single object. Critical questions about cataloging, digitizing, and rehousing methods guide decisions on how to stabilize the album's fragile condition and allow for access. This case study offers insight for collection managers and archivists who find themselves caring for similar snapshot albums.

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Fiorito, Luca, and John F. Henry. "John Bates Clark on Trusts: New Light from the Columbia Archives." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 29, no. 2 (June 2007): 229–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10427710701336016.

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Public concern over the so called “trust problem” in the United States between the end of the nineteenth century and 1914, the year of the passage of the Clayton and Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Acts, was reflected in the considerable contemporary literature on the subject. Not surprisingly, professional economists actively participated in this debate. Their thinking directly and indirectly influenced the legislation of 1914 in a way that cannot be said of the Sherman Act of 1890 (Mayhew 1998). A survey of the most important of these professional writings shows that, among the several voices animating the discussion, John Bates Clark's was perhaps the most influential. In this connection, Joseph Dorfman argues that John Bates Clark's second edition of his Control of Trusts (1912), co-authored with his son John Maurice, “played a formative historical role in policy making, for it provided the most systematic exposition of the view on trusts, that was embodied in 1914, at President Woodrow Wilson's urging, in the Clayton Act and the FTC Acts.” “From this standpoint,” continues Dorfman quite emphatically, “The Control of Trusts caught the dominant reform interest and in turn became a contributing force in shaping the trend of the socio-economic development of the nation” (1971, p. 17). Apart from the 1912 monograph, John Bates Clark devoted considerable attention to the problems of trusts and industrial combinations during much of his career, both in his professional writings and in his frequent contributions to newspapers and popular reviews.

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Głębocki, Zdzisław. "Defending Polish Roman-Catholic Parishes in the Springfield, Massachusetts Diocese. Case study of two parishes: Stanislaus Kostka in Adams and Immaculate Conception in Indian Orchard." Bibliotekarz Podlaski Ogólnopolskie Naukowe Pismo Bibliotekoznawcze i Bibliologiczne 46, no. 1 (April 3, 2020): 285–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.36770/bp.431.

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The article outlines the conflict between the Roman-Catholic hierarchy and parishioners of two Polish churches in the Diocese of Springfield, Massachusetts: St. Stanislaus Kostka in Adams (established in 1902) and Immaculate Conception in Indian Orchard (established in 1904) who have opposed the decisions of the Bishop and subsequently have overturned them. The article traces its phases, investigates the historical and social contexts of the controversy, and attempts to diagnose the future of Polish Roman-Catholic parishes in the United States.

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Kunitsa, D. A. "Review of Some Aspects of the Russian Legislation on Fiduciary Management of Property and Personal Funds through the Prism of the Law on Trusts in the United States and Canada." Kutafin Law Review 9, no. 3 (October 5, 2022): 511–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2713-0525.2022.3.21.511-543.

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Enactment of new provisions of the Civil Code in the spring of 2022 on personal funds has increased the number of legally recognized instruments for management of property of others available in Russia (personal funds, investment funds of closed type and trust management agreements). This article reviews similarities between these three instruments and trusts formed under applicable laws of the United States and Canada. Such similarities suggest that certain legal mechanisms and approaches to legal issues developed in the United States and Canada should be taken into account for further development of the Russian law on personal funds and implementation of the law in practice. The article analyses certain aspects of the Russian legislation on management of property of others (legal status of each instrument, liability of the managers to the beneficiaries and liability of founders of personal funds for the obligations of such funds) and compares provisions of Russian law with relevant laws of the State of New York and the Province of Quebec.

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de la Peña, Carolyn. "Health and Medicine on Display: International Expositions in the United States, 1876-1904 (review)." American Studies 50, no. 3-4 (2009): 172–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ams.2009.0056.

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Stephens, E. "Julie K. Brown, Health and Medicine on Display: International Expositions in the United States, 1876-1904." Social History of Medicine 24, no. 1 (March 2, 2011): 207–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkr037.

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Gilbert, James. "Health and Medicine on Display: International Expositions in the United States, 1876–1904 (review)." Technology and Culture 52, no. 2 (2011): 396–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tech.2011.0073.

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Legget, Robert F. "Donald MacDonald and the Panama Canal." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 30, no. 4 (August 1, 1993): 555–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t93-048.

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During the construction of the Panama Canal by the United States of America (1904–1914) geology was conspicuous by its absence, despite the problems with landslides, first experienced during the French construction venture (1880–1889), and especially in the Gaillard Cut through the Continental Divide. In 1913, the United States Geological Survey seconded a young geologist on their staff, Donald MacDonald, to reside on the Canal for the remainder of the construction period. Although too late to assist with the control of the slides, his studies of their causes, and of the local geology, received the highest praise from the Committee of Enquiry appointed by the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1915 after two bad slides had effectively closed the Canal for 6 months. The report of this important committee, composed equally of civil engineers and geologists, is one of the "classics" of early geotechnical literature. And MacDonald was a Canadian from Pictou County, Nova Scotia! An outline of his life is presented as a tribute to this pioneer Canadian geotechnical worker, still virtually unknown. Key words : Panama Canal, Donald MacDonald, geology, landslides, geotechnical pioneer.

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Bove, A. A., and M. Langa. "A United States' judge tackles the "Now you see it - now you don't" strategy of offshore trusts." Trusts & Trustees 11, no. 8 (July 1, 2005): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/11.8.29.

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Brown, John K. "The “Rule of Reason” and an Unnatural Monopoly: United States V. Terminal Railroad." Tocqueville Review 43, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 145–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.43.2.145.

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The Sherman Act (1890) inaugurated the commitment of the American federal government to block the horizontal combinations or “trusts” then beginning to dominate many industries. But the statute’s sweeping language nearly demanded interpretation by the executive branch and the judiciary. Two decisions by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1911, Standard Oil and American Tobacco, promulgated a “rule of reason” that sent American antitrust law in a new direction, grounded in economic analysis. In its next antitrust case, the court used the rule to uphold a monopoly for the first time. To date, historians have overlooked that case, United States v. Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis (1912). This article reviews the events that led to this prosecution under the Sherman At, and it explores a fallacy at the heart of the justices’ unanimous opinion. Contrary to their analysis, the Terminal Railroad of St. Louis lacked any legitimate claim to being a natural monopoly. In turn, their egregious misreading of fact and theory suggests that the justices were ill-equipped to wield economic analysis in shaping antitrust law.

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Dmitriev, Timofey. "Max Weber in America: On the History of His St. Louis’s Paper." Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 19, no. 2 (2020): 9–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2020-2-9-45.

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The paper highlights the context and the main points of the speech given by Max Weber at the International Congress of Arts and Science in St. Louis in September, 1904. It analyzes Weber’s views on the dynamics of social change as presented by the German classic in the shape of the comparative historical sociology of the European and American versions of modernity. The first part of the article covers the background and the most significant episodes of the trip to the United States undertaken by Max Weber and his wife Marianne. The second part of the article elucidates the main points of Weber’s speech in St. Louis. The third part examines the observations and conclusions of the specifics of American modernity made by Weber through his direct acquaintance with life in the United States. In conclusion, the paper proposes a brief analysis of Weber’s contribution to the development of historical sociology’s ideas about the nature and pathways of Western modernity.

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Fuchs, Brigitte, and Husref Tahirović. "Rosa Einhorn (1872–1950): A Woman Pioneer in Medicine between Bosnia (1902–1913), New York, and Palestine." Acta Medica Academica 49, no. 3 (March 12, 2021): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/ama2006-124.318.

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This short biography details the life and medical activities of Rosa Einhorn, mariée Bloch (1872–1950), who practised as an Austro-Hungarian (AH) official female physician in Travnik in occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH) from 1902 to 1904, and as a semi-official private physician from 1905 to 1912/13. Born in Hrodna district in the Russian Pale of Crescent, Einhorn had qualified and practised as a “feldsheritsa” in Russia and went to Switzerland to study medicine in 1896. Upon receiving her medical doctorate from the University of Lausanne in 1901, she became recommended as a particularly adequate candidate for the not-yet-created position of an AH official female physician in BH. After Einhorn functioned as a general practitioner for women and children in Travnik and the adjacent districts for two years, the AH public health authorities officially dismissed her due to her engagement and marriage to the AH judiciary Sigismund Bloch (1850–1927). However, she obtained a right to private practice in 1905 and was employed as a private physician in AH anti-syphilis campaigning. Struggling for her reinstatement as an official female physician in Travnik, she also strove for the accreditation of her Swiss diploma in Austria, though in vain. After two attempts to emigrate to the United States in 1904 and 1913, Rosa Einhorn finally left Europe to work as a physician in the United States and Mandatory Palestine/Eretz Israel in 1923. She died in New York on May 27, 1950.Conclusion. Rosa Einhorn was employed as a provisory official female physician in Travnik in 1903/1904, the AH authorities accepting her only as a local private female physician after her marriage in 1905. Struggling in vain for her reinstatement, she finally left Bosnia in 1913.

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Anagnostakis, Sandra L. "Chestnut Breeding in the United States for Disease and Insect Resistance." Plant Disease 96, no. 10 (October 2012): 1392–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-12-0350-fe.

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The genus Castanea (family Fagaceae) is found in north temperate climates around the world, and is highly prized in many different cultures for its nutritious nuts and valuable timber. Selection for larger, better-tasting nuts has been ongoing in Asia and Europe for centuries. Early trade routes moved European chestnut trees (C. sativa) west of their native range (in the Caucasus mountains), and the Romans then moved them across their empire to provide support posts for grapevines, as well as for the nuts. Cultivar selection in Turkey, Italy, Spain, and Portugal has been extensive, and regional favorites developed. The many uses of the wood of American chestnut made this “all purpose” tree extremely valuable in its native range in North America. Nut production was important as a food source for rural families and many species of birds and animals. The other American species in the genus Castanea are classed as chinquapins, and may be divided into several or lumped as a single species. The small nuts from these trees and bushes serve primarily as mast for wildlife. Two serious diseases of chestnut trees changed the direction of chestnut research in the United States. Ink disease, caused by the root pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi, was discovered to be the cause of widespread death of chestnuts and chinquapins in the southern United States, which had been observed since about 1850. This imported pathogen probably came into the southern United States before 1824. The second chestnut disaster was the introduction of chestnut blight disease, which was first found in the United States in 1904. The pathogen causing the lethal cankers is an Ascomycete now known as Cryphonectria parasitica. The longest continuing chestnut breeding program in the United States is in Connecticut.

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Crawford, Richard. "Edward MacDowell: Musical Nationalism and an American Tone Poet." Journal of the American Musicological Society 49, no. 3 (1996): 528–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/831771.

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After American-born, European-trained Edward MacDowell returned to the United States in 1888 and settled in Boston, he was welcomed as the composer American music had been awaiting. Enhanced by a professorship at Columbia University (1896-1904), his fame drew him into the current debate over musical nationalism. MacDowell relished the role of American composer, using national elements to approach artistic universality. "To a Wild Rose" for piano links post-Wagnerian tonality with programmatic suggestion in a style echoed by later popular songs. And "Dirge" from the Indian Suite evokes Native American experience to ground America's independent spirit in an idealized primeval past.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Trusts, United States, 1904'

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