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Academic literature on the topic 'Trusts, United States, 1904'

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Published: 27 July 2024
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Trusts, United States, 1904"

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Gray, Karen A. "Community Land Trusts in the United States." Journal of Community Practice 16, no. 1 (May 22, 2008): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10705420801977999.

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Gabriel, Fernanda Sousa, Kárem Cristina de Sousa Ribeiro Post, Kárem Cristina de Sousa Ribeiro Post, Pablo Rogers, and Pablo Rogers. "Clustering Real Estate Investment Trusts: Brazil versus United States." Journal of Management Research 7, no. 4 (July 9, 2015): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jmr.v7i4.7848.

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<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">This research aims to cluster American and Brazilian Real Estate Investment Trusts – USAREITs and BRREITs, respectively – based on their risk-adjusted measures of performance from January/2003 to August/2013, as well as before, during and after the financial crisis of 2008. Factor and Cluster Analysis pointed out three groups. Afterwards, Kruskal-Wallis and Dwass-Steel-Chritchlow-Fligner pairwise comparisons were adopted to verify the statistical differences between clusters. Overall, BRREITs achieved a better performance before and during the crisis, but an inferior performance after the crisis. USAREITs presented a more aggressive strategy after the crisis, whilst BRREITs presented a more conservative strategy during the same period.</span></p>
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Bove, A. A. "The use of purpose trusts in the United States." Trusts & Trustees 10, no. 8 (July 1, 2004): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/10.8.6.

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Raphael, David K. L. "Extending the life of a trust estate (“the trust estate”): an Australian viewpoint for UK readers." Trusts & Trustees 26, no. 4 (April 13, 2020): 347–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/ttaa017.

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Abstract Variation of a trust deed in any of the States and Territories of Australia by extending its period of operation does not cause the instrument of change to be exigible to ad valorem stamp duty, even if the instrument in question is a resettlement. Likewise, it is also not a resettlement for capital gains tax purposes and, in this respect, it is submitted that the same statements of principle apply in the United Kingdom. Australian law owes much to the laws of the United Kingdom as is made abundantly clear in such Australian texts as Hill on the Duties Act and Jacobs Law of Trusts, Ford & Lee on Trusts, Dal Pont on Trusts and Ong on Trusts. The English texts such as Lewin on Trusts, Underhill & Hayton Law of Trusts and Trustees, and Thomas & Hudson on Trusts are equally helpful to persons seeking knowledge, as also remains the respective 3rd and 4th editions of Scott on Trusts and Scott & Ascher on Trusts. This paper seeks to establish its themes with the aid of extracts from both Australian and United Kingdom decisions. If some seem lengthy, then, in this commentator’s opinion, that length is justified.
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Ihde, Thomas W. "Irish-Language Textbooks in the United States, 1873-1904." New Hibernia Review 9, no. 2 (2005): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nhr.2005.0039.

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Moen, Jon, and Ellis W. Tallman. "The Bank Panic of 1907: The Role of Trust Companies." Journal of Economic History 52, no. 3 (September 1992): 611–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700011414.

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The Bank Panic of 1907 was one of the most severe financial crises in the United States before the Great Depression. Although contemporaries realized that the panic in New York City was centered at trust companies, subsequent research has relied heavily on national bank data. Balance sheet data for trust companies and state banks as well as call reports of national banks indicate that the contraction of loans and deposits in New York City during the panic was confined to the trust companies.
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Sass, Emma M., Marla Markowski-Lindsay, Brett J. Butler, Jesse Caputo, Andrew Hartsell, Emily Huff, and Amanda Robillard. "Dynamics of Large Corporate Forestland Ownerships in the United States." Journal of Forestry 119, no. 4 (April 3, 2021): 363–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvab013.

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Abstract Ownership of forestland in the United States has changed in recent decades, including the proliferation of timber investment management organizations (TIMOs) and real estate investment trusts (REITs), with the potential to alter forest management and timber supply. This article quantifies forest ownership transitions among ownership categories between 2007 and 2017 and investigates how and why large corporate ownerships own and manage their forestlands. Ownership transitions were determined from refined USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis data; we also conducted a survey of large corporate forestland ownerships. Corporate forestland acreage increased between 2007 and 2017, while family and public forestland decreased. Large corporate landowners report multidimensional, financially focused land management, although industry, timber investment management organizations, real estate investment trusts, and other owners report some different motivations and income streams. This work provides a baseline to track future ownership transitions and the behaviors of large corporate forestland owners.
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Walsh, G. C., and M. J. Michaels. "The state of statutory business trusts in the United States." Trusts & Trustees 19, no. 6 (June 11, 2013): 681–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/ttt109.

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CALDWELL, M. BLAKE, PATRICIA L. FLEMING, and MARGARET J. OXTOBY. "Estimated Number of AIDS Orphans in the United States." Pediatrics 90, no. 3 (September 1, 1992): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.90.3.482.

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To the Editor.— The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in child-bearing women impacts our society in a number of ways. One of these is the legacy of uninfected children left without their mothers when these women succumb to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We have calculated a crude estimate of the current and future number of these AIDS orphans. As of December 31, 1991, 21 225 women (≥13 years of age) with AIDS were reported to the Centers for Disease Control from the United States, Puerto Rico, and the Trusts and Territories; 17 910 (84%) were of reproductive age (15 to 44 years) at the time they were diagnosed with AIDS.
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Taniguchi, Akitake. "A STUDY ON THE CONSOLIDATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES, 1882-1904." Keiei Shigaku (Japan Business History Review) 25, no. 3 (1990): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5029/bhsj.25.3_1.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Trusts, United States, 1904"

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Porwancher, Andrew. "American legal thought and the law of evidence, 1904-1940." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609802.

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Bruin, Thomas M. "Real estate investment trusts and market sentiment in the United States & Europe." View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-2/rp/bruint/thomasbruin.pdf.

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Hudnor, Amy Claire. "Economic Approaches to Public and Private Land Conservation in the United States." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/HudnorAC2007.pdf.

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Wilson, Robin M. "Influence of demographic variables on the likelihood of management plans for land trust properties." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/678.

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Root, Jonathan B. "A people’s religion: the populist impulse in early Kansas Pentecostalism, 1901-1904." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1371.

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Master of Arts
Department of History
Robert D. Linder
This thesis examines early Pentecostalism in light of the Populist Movement. There are two main arguments in this study. First, I maintain that early Kansas Pentecostalism, as seen in the teachings of Charles Fox Parham, was heavily influenced by Populist ideas and language. Parham displayed Populist tendencies in his attacks on the Protestant Establishment, which he believed had neglected to care for the spiritual and physical needs of “the people.” This failure on the part of the churches led Parham to believe that a major reform of the church was needed. Parham went beyond simply criticizing the establishment. He also developed a popular theology that empowered individuals, many of whom were poor and working-class, and created a strong sense of collective aspiration. The second argument of this study is that Populism fostered a sociopolitical environment in which Pentecostalism could thrive. Parham’s confrontations with the Protestant Establishment and his concern with the needs of “the people” was attractive to many individuals who tended to support movements that sought to disrupt the status quo. One event that can shed light on early Kansas Pentecostalism’s relationship with Populism was a revival in Galena, Kansas, a lead and zinc mining town in the southeast corner of the state, that took place from October 1903 to January 1904. By examining some of the connections between the Populist movement and early Kansas Pentecostalism, this study provides some insight into the development of one of the most popular expressions of Christianity in the world.
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Kim, Jiwon. "Syngman Rhee's efforts in the United States to promote Korean independence from 1904 to 1945." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44961.

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This study examines Syngman Rhee's activities in the United States, from 1904 to 1945, as he tried to gain independence for Korea. Rhee was a prominent Korean nationalist, anti-communist, and first President of South Korea. Chapter One (1904-1918) examines how Rhee began his fight for Korean independence after consequential events in Korean history. Chapter Two (1919-1938) looks at Rhee's activities as a principal leader of Korean independence from 1919 to 1938. After the March First Movement in Korea in 1919, he became the President of the Korean Provisional Government and concentrated his efforts on diplomacy and propaganda in the United States. Chapter Three (1939-1945) focuses on Rhee's efforts for the recognition of the Korean Provisional Government and the guarantee of Korean independence immediately after the war. In addition, the chapter examines why Rhee started to fight against Russian aggression toward Korea. Chapter Four (after 1945) briefly examines Rhee' s continuous fight for Korean independence against Russian communism, after he returned to Korea. As this thesis concludes, Rhee's long struggle for Korean independence greatly contributed to the establishment of a democratic South Korea.


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Durr, David W. "Three Essays on Real Estate Investment Trusts and Financial Markets." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278203/.

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This dissertation is structured as three essays on real estate investment trusts and financial markets. It addresses the financial performance and systematic risk of different REIT types, the information content of REIT bankruptcies, and the effect of recent tax law changes on the REIT industry.
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Troutman, John William 1973. "The overlord of the savage world: Anthropology, the media, and the American Indian experience at the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291662.

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The 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis featured an anthropology exhibit consisting of living American Indians in order to display both stages in "civilization" and the benefits of federal Indian boarding school education for Indian children. Although fair organizers considered these the goals of the exhibit, the American Indians created their own experience at the fair. While the living conditions and the treatment of the native people were often deplorable, the American Indians found in many instances adventure and economic gain through selling their crafts to tourists. Analyzing the local and national media coverage of the exhibit provides an understanding of the racial and cultural ideologies disseminated throughout the country. This thesis combines a reconstruction of the American Indian experience with an analysis of the media coverage in order to understand more clearly the daily life and importance of the exhibit for all involved.
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Ault, Jonathan Bennett. "Closing the Open Door Policy: American Diplomatic and Military Reactions to the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905." W&M ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625920.

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Murphy, Gretchen. "Locating the nation : literature, narrative, and the Monroe Doctrine, 1823-1904 : a genealogy of American exceptionalism /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9312.

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Books on the topic "Trusts, United States, 1904"

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means. Subcommittee on Oversight. Overview of the enforcement and administration of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974: Scheduled for a hearing before the Subcommittee on Oversight of the House Committee on Ways and Means on June 12-14, 1990. [Washington, D.C: Joint Committee on Taxation, 1990.

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Bureau of National Affairs (Washington, D.C.), ed. ERISA: Selected legislative history, 1974-1991. Washington, D.C: BNA Books, 1992.

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Committee, United States Congress Joint Economic. Targeted pension fund investment for economic growth and development: Hearing before the Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States, One Hundred Third Congress, second session, June 22, 1994. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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Targeted pension fund investment for economic growth and development: Hearing before the Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States, One Hundred Third Congress, second session, June 22, 1994. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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Oversight, United States Congress House Committee on Ways and Means Subcommittee on. Enforcement and administration of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Oversight of the Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, second session, June 12 and 13, 1990. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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Gertner, Marc. Everything you have always wanted to know about ERISA-- and then some. [Denver?]: Investment Management Consultants Association, 1994.

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Schmitt, Ray. Private pension plan standards: A summary of the Employment Retirement Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), as amended. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1985.

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Schmitt, Ray. Private pension plan standards: A summary of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), as amended. Washington, D.C: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1986.

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US GOVERNMENT. A compilation of federal labor laws: Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (with recognition plan no. 4 of 1978 and other selected provisions) as amended through May 1, 1991. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Retirement Protection Act of 1993: Hearing before the Committee on Finance, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, second session, on S. 1780, June 15, 1994. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Trusts, United States, 1904"

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Plonski, Guilherme Ary. "Comparing CAD Implementation in Engineering Firms in Brazil, Canada and the United States: The Need for “Engimation”." In Achieving Competitive Edge Getting Ahead Through Technology and People, 269–74. London: Springer London, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1904-3_45.

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Whyte, Jeffrey. "‘A New Geography of Defense’." In The Birth of Psychological War, 10–55. Oxford: British Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197267493.003.0002.

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Abstract This chapter details the efforts of the American and British intelligence officers who popularised the concept of ‘psychological warfare’ between 1940-42. In the context of fierce political battles between American interventionists and isolationists, this chapter outlines the construction of a geographical imagination of psychological warfare as a new and scientifically calibrated method of attack that ‘knew no limits in time and space’ — what Nelson Rockefeller called ‘a new geography of defense’ in which the civilian’s thoughts, feelings and opinions became a new terrain of international contest. It concludes with a consideration of the origins of the United States’ so-called ‘strategy of truth’ that would define the rhetoric of its international communications in the early Cold War period.
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Broder, Albert. "Banking and the Electrotechnical Industry in Western Europe." In International Banking 1870-1914, 468–84. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195062717.003.0021.

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Abstract Banks rarely appear as structural elements in studies of industrial history. If they do it is as suppliers of short-term working capital or seekers after the profits of capital export (for example, in France and Great Britain), or as the creators of cartels or trusts to reduce competition (Germany, perhaps the United States). This situation results from the difficulty of finding precise documentation. Unlike most economic properties, bank assets are volatile and variable.
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Schrad, Mark Lawrence. "A People’s History of American Prohibition." In Smashing the Liquor Machine, 450–86. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190841577.003.0016.

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Chapter 16 examines the predations of the parasitic Gilded Age “liquor trusts”--akin to the big railroad, steel, and financial trusts--including the United States Brewers’ Association and the Liquor Dealers’ Association, which corrupted law enforcement and government representatives. Unlike these trusts, the Anti-Saloon League (ASL) could not buy off politicians, but relied on agitation and publicity—ensuring that constituents were fully informed as to their elected representatives’ voting records on temperance. Progressive prohibitionists made common cause with good-governance “muckrakers” like Pussyfoot Johnson and Upton Sinclair. The chapter turns to the wave of state-level prohibitions, beginning with the Oklahoma’s prohibition statehood in 1907, drawing on the long-standing prohibitionism of Native Americans. From there, the “dry wave” swept the American South, where the liquor traffic was more diffused and less organized, and temperance sentiment was strong among both white and black communities.
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Gallanis, Thomas P. "Asian Wealth in the United States." In Trusts and Private Wealth Management, 27–45. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781009049399.004.

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"MODEL UNITED STATES GRANTOR TRUST (RABBI TRUST)." In Commonwealth Caribbean Law of Trusts, 587–98. Routledge-Cavendish, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781843144489-33.

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Dyer, Jeffrey H., and Wujin Chu. "The Role of Trustworthiness in Reducing Transaction Costs and Improving Performance: Empirical Evidence from the United States, Japan, and Korea." In Organizational Trust, 207–28. Oxford University PressOxford, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199288496.003.0008.

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Abstract The issue of trust in economic exchanges has recently received considerable attention in the academic literature (Barney and Hansen 1994, Mayer et al. 1995, Zaheer et al. 1998) as well as the popular press (Business Week 1992, Economist 1996, Fukuyama 1995). Trust in exchange relationships has been hypothesized to be a valuable economic asset because it is believed to: (1) lower transaction costs and allow for greater flexibility to respond to changing market conditions (Gulati 1995, Barney and Hansen 1994, Uzzi 1997, Dyer 1997) and (2) lead to superior information sharing that improves coordination and joint efforts to minimize inefficiencies (Aoki 1988, Clark and Fujimoto 1991, Nishiguchi 1994). Some scholars even claim that national economic efficiency is highly correlated with a high-trust institutional environment (North 1990, Casson 1991, Fukuyama 1995). For example, Fukuyama (1995, p. 7) argues that the economic success of a nation, ‘as well as its ability to compete, is conditioned by . . . the level of trust inherent in the society.’ Indeed, numerous scholars have suggested that interorganizational trust is a key factor in explaining alliance success (Dyer 1996b, Doz and Hamel 1998). These claims have increased our attention to the important role of trust in economic exchanges.
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Whitaker, G. Warren, and Caryn Young. "United States—New York." In International Succession, 1007–32. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198870463.003.0056.

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This chapter addresses the laws of the State of New York (including its transfer tax laws) and the federal taxation of gratuitous transfers. Many of the New York laws are codified in the Estates, Powers and Trusts Law (EPTL) and the Surrogate’s Court Procedure Act (SCPA). The chapter begins with discussing the amendment, revocation, and revival of wills. It argues that a will must be in writing, signed at the end by the testator/trix and signed by two witnesses who also write their addresses. Any material written after the testator/trix’s signature is not valid. This chapter then displays the order of intestate succession wherein the deceased leaves no valid will. It also reviews the freedom of testation under the State of New York laws, highlighting that the surviving spouse of a decedent is entitled to an elective share from the estate equal to the greater of one-third of the net estate. Ultimately, the chapter considers a provision by which a spouse or children can claim maintenance from a deceased’s estate.
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Schulzinger, Robert D. "Bringing the War Home: 1964-1967." In A Time for War, 215–45. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195071894.003.0009.

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Abstract Controversy over the war in Vietnam brought vast changes to the United States in the 1960s. The war profoundly affected every institution in American life: universities, Congress, the presidency, the Democratic Party, the armed forces, labor unions, religious organizations, and the mass media. At the beginning of U.S.involvement in the war most Americans trusted their leaders to make appropriate choices, and the public held most large organizations in high regard. The prosperous white middle class created by the post-World War II economic expansion maintained an abiding faith in the future. A wide consensus, crossing party and social and economic lines, agreed that the United States had properly confronted the Soviet Union and other communist movements around the world since 1945. Nearly all public officials and most citizens believed that the United States was properly waging the Cold War. Most thought that the cost of the confrontation with the Soviet Union and its allies was equably borne by the United States. The minority of dissenters seemed marginal, nearly outlandish, figures who lacked understanding of the nature of the threat posed by communism and the ability of the United States to resist. By 1968 this landscape had changed beyond recognition. A sizeable portion of the public no longer believed that government officials waged the Cold War properly. Many thought that the war in Vietnam had become a burden which the country no longer could afford.
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Collins, Lawrence. "Blocking and Clawback Statutes: The United Kingdom Approach." In Essays in International Litigation and the Conflict of Laws, 333–51. Oxford University PressOxford, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198265665.003.0008.

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Abstract The extraterritorial effect of United States legislation still continues to disturb UK¬ US relations. The principal areas of controversy relate to anti-trust, securities regulation and export control. In the field of anti-trust, the United States courts have moderated the ‘effects’ doctrine by devising an ad hoc interest-balancing test to determine whether jurisdiction should be exercised, based on whether the interests of, and links to, the United States are sufficiently strong vis-a-vis those of other nations to justify an assertion of extraterritorial authority: Timberlane Lumber Co. v. Bank of America, 549 F. 2d 597 (9th Cir. 1976) and 749 F. 2d 1378 (9th Cir. 1984). But it is notorious that the balance almost always tips in favour of the United States. Most recently in Re Insurance Antitrust Litigation, 938 F. 2d 919 (9th Cir. 1991) the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit held that the balance was in favour of the United States in relation to an alleged conspiracy between British reinsurers and US insurance companies, because the effects were felt largely in the United States and the defendants foreseeably intended that their conduct would have effect there, even though it was lawful under English law.
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Conference papers on the topic "Trusts, United States, 1904"

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Jukić, Tatjana. "An Austro-Hungarian America: Emerson for Croatia, 1904–5." In Cross-cultural Readings of the United States. Filozofski fakultet u Zagrebu, FF Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.17234/wpas.2014.7.

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Evans, Jeffrey L., Stephen A. Batzer, Stanley B. Andrews, and Robert M. Hooker. "Evaluation of Heavy Truck Rollover Crashworthiness." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81300.

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Heavy trucks (those having a gross vehicle weight rating of greater than 10,000 pounds) are an essential part of the United States economy and account for 4% of all registered vehicles. The large size and weight of these vehicles can pose a serious safety threat to the vehicle’s occupants in the event of a rollover collision. The rollover crashworthiness of heavy trucks, in particular the structural integrity of the cab, is analyzed in this paper. An actual rollover accident was analyzed and the cab design of an exemplar vehicle was evaluated. Modifications were made to the exemplar and an inverted drop test onto the roof of the cab was conducted. Recommendations for improving the rollover crashworthiness of heavy trucks are provided. An analysis of heavy truck rollover accidents was also conducted for data available from 1994-2002 by submitting queries to the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), which is administered by the National Highway Safety Administration (NHTSA), in order to determine the number of incapacitating and fatal injuries that occurred when the occupants were contained in the cab during a rollover accident. The percentage of incapacitating and fatal injuries for restrained occupants was determined by analyzing the rollover data obtained from the FARS rollover query that was used and was found to be 35%. Therefore, restrained occupants in heavy trucks can sustain significant injuries during rollover accidents, in part, due to insufficient rollover crashworthiness.
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Donohue, Brian P. "Review of Passenger Railroad EMU and MU Rolling Stock in the US and Canada – Part I, New York State Region." In 2024 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2024-122275.

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Abstract Since the invention of the first electrified, self-propelled rail vehicles by Siemens & Halske in 1879 followed by the pioneering innovations of Frank Sprague starting in 1886, self-propelled, passenger, electric traction rail vehicles have evolved into an amazing variety of use cases, shapes and sizes to the present date. With the amelioration of each generation, the electrical and mechanical engineering disciplines have developed a high degree of cooperation and integration to what has evolved into a seamless systems approach that allows agencies and railroads to enjoy record breaking, yet safe commuter and short-haul passenger railroad service with an array of amenities and technical advancements. The core of these rail vehicles are and were humble looking Electric Multiple Unit (EMU) (also referred to as Multiple Unit (MU)) trains that unceremoniously ply the rails around major cities with hundreds of daily riders on board. These otherwise, non-descript vehicles often have mundane identifications such as “MP-54” or “M-9.” Once in a while, one of these workhorses garners brief notoriety that leads to a full name such as “Metroliner.” But these full names, more often than not, are simply duplicated by analogy much in the same way the term “Watergate” has been overused. The identification of each fleet and the uniqueness / advancements that each have brought to the passenger rail industry since 1904 is the goal of this paper series. This paper is the first in a short series that will present a simple historic review of the electric, self-propelled railroad vehicles (EMUs) that were or are currently in service in the United States and Canada. The review begins with the transition away from wooden cars when steel cars were necessary by design. These early cars helped to define the EMU (and MU) benchmark and how they differ from other rail rolling stock of the early 1900s such as elevated / subway cars, interurbans, and locomotive-drawn coach cars. Regulation was part of the progress, but ever-increasingly heavy passenger, mail and cargo loads, tunnel designs and general progress of design evolution helped to define this classification of rolling stock that eventually has folded into the United States-defined FRA (Federal Railroad Administration) Tier 1 passenger fleet. This first paper will begin with a focus on EMUs of the New York State region, starting with Long Island and Westchester, New York branch lines. A future, second history paper will feature equipment from the States of Connecticut and New Jersey. The third history paper will feature equipment serving the cities of Philadelphia and Chicago. And the fourth and final history paper will feature other regions of the United States and Canada.
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Țigriș, Simona-Luiza. "Directive Speech Acts in the Story Tell the Truth … by Nicholasa Mohr." In Language for International Communication. University of Latvia Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/lincs.2023.11.

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The story Tell the Truth… is part of the book el Bronx Remembered which was written by Nicholasa Mohr, the first Nuyorican woman who had her literary works published in the United States of America. El Bronx Remembered was first published in 1975 and it draws attention to the ‘Great Migration’ of Puerto Ricans to New York in the 1950s. The stories reflect the hardships of Puerto Rican migrants through the eyes of characters who are children, teenagers and young adults. The story Tell the Truth… depicts a conversation between a lawyer, Mr. Crane, and Vickie, a 13-year-old teenager. The purpose of this article is to identify the type and structure of the directive speech acts that the lawyer uses strategically in order to persuade the teenager to confess to her mother’s alleged involvement in illegal activities. Bach and Harnish’s (1979) classification of speech acts will be taken into account in the methodology, as well as Blum-Kulka and Olshtain’s (1984) description of the linguistic realization patterns of requests. Brown and Levinson’s (1987) Politeness Theory is taken into consideration, too. Supportive moves (Placencia, 2020) and hedges (Fraser, 2010) are identified in the conversation as well. Moreover, the analysis also reveals if adjacency pairs (Schegloff, 2007) are formed through the teenager’s answers. Mr. Crane uses requestives, questions and requirements in his initiating interventions. He resorts to directives in the form of yes/no questions and he also uses negations in their structure. He uses multiple directives that follow one another so as to put pressure on the teenager. The lawyer threatens the teenager’s negative face, while the teenager threatens the lawyer’s positive face. It can be noticed that he can rarely assign her the turn, so the adjacency pairs question-answer and request-granting/rejection are seldom formed. The story Tell the Truth… could be considered a story in which both characters do not tell the truth, as various speech acts infringe on the sincerity condition.
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Banerjee, Sarbartha, Rajarshi Maitra, JyotiKamal Das, Abani Satapathy, Tiju Zachariah, Harpreet Singh Sandhu, and Jon Wang Abanikumar. "Assessment of River Mersey Steel Truss Bridge Using Non-Linear Finite Element Analysis." In IABSE Symposium, Istanbul 2023: Long Span Bridges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/istanbul.2023.0480.

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<p>United Kingdom's railway bridges, a majority of which are more than 150 years old, is owned, managed, and maintained by Network Rail (NR). For the safe and efficient administration of the rail network, it is essential to have up-to-date capability information, for these ageing assets.</p><p>One example of its kind is River Mersey Bridge (SDJ2/38A). It was initially built in 1853 (Fig1) as a wrought iron tubular structure, later rebuilt with steel, except the central box girder, in the year 1908.</p><p>As per NR/GN/CIV/025, Level 1 assessment would not adequately depict the interaction between the main structural parts as expected for a structure of this age due to its known conservative nature. Therefore, it was beneficial to perform non-linear analysis as part of Level 2 assessment.</p><p>To properly simulate the structure and account for the potential failure modes of the structural components, this study took the complete structure into account. The paper also gives an insight into the mathematical model developed to capture all the section losses obtained from inspection for assessment report (IFA). The critical mode shape obtained from Eigen value buckling analysis was used as an input for initial imperfection to carry out the non-linear analysis (geometric and material). Discussions were carried out on the use of model to calculate the Von Mises stresses in Ultimate Limit State (ULS) and Service Limit State (SLS), areas of material yield, and the tendency of local premature buckling.</p><p>A comparison between linear and nonlinear analysis revealed a significant improvement in the stress distribution near the connection points, consequently the member stresses were found to be within acceptable limits. A continuous mesh improvement process was also followed to converge the analysis with successively coarser to finer meshes.</p><p>If any structural elements had shown material yield further recommendations have been made based on engineering judgement and modelling constraints. The non-linear assessment subsequently found the structure to be able to accommodate current load rating which was a betterment from the previous linear assessment.</p>
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Schneider, Jerry, Jeffrey Wagner, and Judy Connell. "Restoring Public Trust While Tearing Down Site in Rural Ohio." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7319.

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In the mid-1980s, the impact of three decades of uranium processing near rural Fernald, Ohio, 18 miles northwest of Cincinnati, became the centre of national public controversy. When a series of incidents at the uranium foundry brought to light the years of contamination to the environment and surrounding farmland communities, local citizens’ groups united and demanded a role in determining the plans for cleaning up the site. One citizens’ group, Fernald Residents for Environmental Safety and Health (FRESH), formed in 1984 following reports that nearly 300 pounds of enriched uranium oxide had been released from a dust-collector system, and three off-property wells south of the site were contaminated with uranium. For 22 years, FRESH monitored activities at Fernald and participated in the decision-making process with management and regulators. The job of FRESH ended on 19 January this year when the U.S. Secretary of Energy Samuel Bodman and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Stephen Johnson — flanked by local, state, and national elected officials, and citizen-led environmental watchdog groups including FRESH — officially declared the Fernald Site clean of all nuclear contamination and open to public access. It marked the end of a remarkable turnaround in public confidence and trust that had attracted critical reports from around the world: the Cincinnati Enquirer; U.S. national news programs 60 Minutes, 20/20, Nightline, and 48 Hours; worldwide media outlets from the British Broadcasting Company and Canadian Broadcasting Company; Japanese newspapers; and German reporters. When personnel from Fluor arrived in 1992, the management team thought it understood the issues and concerns of each stakeholder group, and was determined to implement the decommissioning scope of work aggressively, confident that stakeholders would agree with its plans. This approach resulted in strained relationships with opinion leaders during the early months of Fluor’s contract. To forge better relationships, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) who owns the site, and Fluor embarked on three new strategies based on engaging citizens and interested stakeholder groups in the decision-making process. The first strategy was opening communication channels with site leadership, technical staff, and regulators. This strategy combined a strong public-information program with two-way communications between management and the community, soliciting and encouraging stakeholder participation early in the decision-making process. Fluor’s public-participation strategy exceeded the “check-the-box” approach common within the nuclear-weapons complex, and set a national standard that stands alone today. The second stakeholder-engagement strategy sprang from mending fences with the regulators and the community. The approach for dispositioning low-level waste was a 25-year plan to ship it off the site. Working with stakeholders, DOE and Fluor were able to convince the community to accept a plan to safely store waste permanently on site, which would save 15 years of cleanup and millions of dollars in cost. The third strategy addressed the potentially long delays in finalizing remedial action plans due to formal public comment periods and State and Federal regulatory approvals. Working closely with the U.S. and Ohio Environmental Protection Agencies (EPA) and other stakeholders, DOE and Fluor were able to secure approvals of five Records of Decision on time – a first for the DOE complex. Developing open and honest relationships with union leaders, the workforce, regulators and community groups played a major role in DOE and Fluor cleaning up and closing the site. Using lessons learned at Fernald, DOE was able to resolve challenges at other sites, including worker transition, labour disputes, and damaged relationships with regulators and the community. It took significant time early in the project to convince the workforce that their future lay in cleanup, not in holding out hope for production to resume. It took more time to repair relationships with Ohio regulators and the local community. Developing these relationships over the years required constant, open communications between site decision makers and stakeholders to identify issues and to overcome potential barriers. Fluor’s open public-participation strategy resulted in stakeholder consensus of five remedial-action plans that directed Fernald cleanup. This strategy included establishing a public-participation program that emphasized a shared-decision making process and abandoned the government’s traditional, non-participatory “Decide, Announce, Defend” approach. Fernald’s program became a model within the DOE complex for effective public participation. Fluor led the formation of the first DOE site-specific advisory board dedicated to remediation and closure. The board was successful at building consensus on critical issues affecting long-term site remediation, such as cleanup levels, waste disposal and final land use. Fluor created innovative public outreach tools, such as “Cleanopoly,” based on the Monopoly game, to help illustrate complex concepts, including risk levels, remediation techniques, and associated costs. These innovative tools helped DOE and Fluor gain stakeholder consensus on all cleanup plans. To commemorate the outstanding commitment of Fernald stakeholders to this massive environmental-restoration project, Fluor donated $20,000 to build the Weapons to Wetlands Grove overlooking the former 136-acre production area. The grove contains 24 trees, each dedicated to “[a] leader(s) behind the Fernald cleanup.” Over the years, Fluor, through the Fluor Foundation, also invested in educational and humanitarian projects, contributing nearly $2 million to communities in southwestern Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana. Further, to help offset the economic impact of the site’s closing to the community, DOE and Fluor promoted economic development in the region by donating excess equipment and property to local schools and townships. This paper discusses the details of the public-involvement program — from inception through maturity — and presents some lessons learned that can be applied to other similar projects.
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Reports on the topic "Trusts, United States, 1904"

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Mills, Stephanie E., and Bear Jordan. Uranium and Vanadium Resources of Utah: An Update in the Era of Critical Minerals and Carbon Neutrality. Utah Geological Survey, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ofr-735.

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Utah is the second largest vanadium producing state and the third largest uranium producing state in the United States. Carnotite, a primary ore mineral for both vanadium and uranium, was first discovered and used by Native Americans as a source of pigment in the Colorado Plateau hysiographic province of eastern Utah. Radioactive deposits have been ommercially mined in Utah since about 1900, starting with radium, followed by vanadium, and thenuranium. In 1952, the discovery of the Mi Vida mine in Utah’s Lisbon Valley mining district in San Juan County kicked off a uranium exploration rush across the Colorado Plateau. As a result, the United States dominated the global uranium market from the early 1950s to late 1970s. In the modern mining era, Utah is an important contributor to the domestic uranium and vanadium markets with the only operating conventional uranium-vanadium mill in the country, multiple uranium-vanadium mines on standby, and active uranium-vanadium exploration. Overall, Utah has produced an estimated 122 million lbs U3O8 and 136 million lbs V2O5 since 1904. Most of this production has been from the sandstone-hosted deposits of the Paradox Basin, with minor production from volcanogenic deposits and as byproducts from other operations across the state
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Pavlovic, Noel, Barbara Plampin, Gayle Tonkovich, and David Hamilla. Special flora and vegetation of Indiana Dunes National Park. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302417.

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The Indiana Dunes (comprised of 15 geographic units (see Figure 1) which include Indiana Dunes National Park, Dunes State Park, and adjacent Shirley Heinze Land Trust properties) are remarkable in the Midwest and Great Lakes region for the vascular plant diversity, with an astounding 1,212 native plant species in an area of approximately 16,000 acres! This high plant diversity is the result of the interactions among postglacial migrations, the variety of soil substrates, moisture conditions, topography, successional gradients, ?re regimes, proximity to Lake Michigan, and light levels. This richness is all the more signi?cant given the past human alterations of the landscape resulting from logging; conversion to agriculture; construction of transportation corridors, industrial sites, and residential communities; ?re suppression; land abandonment; and exotic species invasions. Despite these impacts, multiple natural areas supporting native vegetation persist. Thus, each of the 15 units of the Indiana Dunes presents up to eight subunits varying in human disturbance and consequently in ?oristic richness. Of the most signi?cant units of the park in terms of number of native species, Cowles Dunes and the Dunes State Park stand out from all the other units, with 786 and 686 native species, respectively. The next highest ranked units for numbers of native species include Keiser (630), Furnessville (574), Miller Woods (551), and Hoosier Prairie (542). The unit with lowest plant richness is Heron Rookery (220), with increasing richness in progression from Calumet Prairie (320), Hobart Prairie Grove (368), to Pinhook Bog (380). Signi?cant natural areas, retaining native vegetation composition and structure, include Cowles Bog (Cowles Dunes Unit), Howes Prairie (Cowles Dunes), Dunes Nature Preserve (Dunes State Park), Dunes Prairie Nature Preserve (Dunes State Park), Pinhook Bog, Furnessville Woods (Furnessville), Miller Woods, Inland Marsh, and Mnoke Prairie (Bailly). Wilhelm (1990) recorded a total of 1,131 native plant species for the ?ora of the Indiana Dunes. This was similar to the 1,132 species recorded by the National Park Service (2014) for the Indiana Dunes. Based on the nomenclature of Swink and Wilhelm (1994), Indiana Dunes National Park has 1,206 native plant species. If we include native varieties and hybrids, the total increases to 1,244 taxa. Based on the nomenclature used for this report?the Flora of North America (FNA 2022), and the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS 2022)?Indiana Dunes National Park houses 1,206 native vascular plant species. As of this writing (2020), the Indiana Dunes is home to 37% of the species of conservation concern in Indiana (241 out of 624 Indiana-listed species): state extirpated = 10 species, state endangered = 75, and state threatened = 100. Thus, 4% of the state-listed species in the Indiana Dunes are extirpated, 31% endangered, and 41% threatened. Watch list and rare categories have been eliminated. Twenty-nine species once documented from the Indiana Dunes may be extirpated because they have not been seen since 2001. Eleven have not been seen since 1930 and 15 since 1978. If we exclude these species, then there would be a total of 1,183 species native to the Indiana Dunes. Many of these are cryptic in their life history or diminutive, and thus are di?cult to ?nd. Looking at the growth form of native plants, <1% (nine species) are clubmosses, 3% (37) are ferns, 8% (297) are grasses and sedges, 56% (682) are forbs or herbs, 1% (16) are herbaceous vines, <1% (7) are subshrubs (woody plants of herbaceous stature), 5% (60) are shrubs, 1% (11) are lianas (woody vines), and 8% (93) are trees. Of the 332 exotic species (species introduced from outside North America), 65% (219 species) are forbs such as garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), 15% (50 species) are graminoids such as phragmites (Phragmites australis ssp. australis), 2% (seven species) are vines such as ?eld bindweed (Convulvulus arvensis), <1% (two species) are subshrubs such as Japanese pachysandra (Pachysandra terminalis), 8% (28 species) are shrubs such as Asian bush honeysuckle (Lonicera spp.), 1% (three species) are lianas such as oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus), and 8% (23 species) are trees such as tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissimus). Of the 85 adventive species, native species that have invaded from elsewhere in North America, 14% (11 species) are graminoids such as broom sedge (Andropogon virginicus), 57% (48 species) are forbs such as fall phlox (Phlox paniculata), 5% (six species) are shrubs such as Carolina allspice (Calycanthus floridus), 3% (two species) are subshrubs such as holly leaved barberry (Berberis repens), 1% (one species) is a liana (trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans), 3% two species) are herbaceous vines such as tall morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea), and 17% (15 species) are trees such as American holly (Ilex opaca). A total of 436 species were found to be ?special? based on political rankings (federal and state-listed threatened and endangered species), species with charismatic ?owers, and those that are locally rare.
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Babenko, Oksana. Ідеї екуменізму в публіцистиці митрополита Андрея Шептицького: сучасне прочитання. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2023.52-53.11717.

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Subject of the article’s study – ecumenism of Metropolitan Andrei Sheptytskyi and reflection of this phenomenon in the works of scientists and modern Ukrainian media. Main objective of the study: analyze what Ukrainian scientists, journalists and different media are writing about Sheptytkyi’s ecumenism. Methodology: We used a bibliographic method to accumulate factual material, a qualitative content analysis to isolate the ideas of ecumenism from the journalism of Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytskyi, a cultural-historical method that made it possible to consider the ideas of ecumenism in the context of the era, the connection with the historical context, as well as methods of synthesis and generalization, induction and deduction. The study process description: In our scientific article, we analyzed the doctoral dissertation of His Beatitude Lubomyr Huzar entitled «Andrei Sheptytskyi, Metropolitan of Halytskyi (1901-1944). Herald of ecumenism». His Beatitude Lubomyr defended this fundamental work at the Pontifical Urbaniana University in Rome back in 1972. Therefore, we observed how this work reflects the historical prerequisites, features and development of Sheptytskyi’s ecumenism, who, according to His Beatitude Lubomir, was a kind of innovator in this field, a person who was ahead of his time. We also analyzed the reflections on the ecumenism of Sheptytskyi´s father, doctor Ivan Datsk, which are reflected in his book «In Search of Faithfulness and Truth». In addition, we turned to the scientific text «Ecumenism of Sheptytskyi» by professors Mykola Vegesh and Mykola Palinchak. Subsequently, it was analyzed how the scientific work became a useful basis for the coverage of Sheptytskyi’s ecumenism in the press. In particular, in the columns of the cultural and social site «Zbruch» in Diana Motruk’s article «In Search of Church Unity». We also turned to the «Spiritual Greatness of Lviv» website, where in 2020 an interview with Mykhailo Perun, who shot the film «Sheptytskyi: Relevant information», was published, illustrating the ecumenical initiatives of this figure. In addition, we analyzed the publication on Radio Svoboda for 2022, dedicated to the anniversary of Sheptytsky’s stepping into eternity. It is also mentioned there about of Sheptytskyi’s ecumenism as his landmark activity. Subsequently, we found an article on the website «Christian and the World», where in a conversation with the scientist Dr. Andrii Sorokovskyi entitled «Andrei Sheptytskyi believed that the union is a synthesis, communion and dialogue between the East and the West, – Andrii Sorokovskyi» also analyzed the phenomenon of Sheptytskyi’s ecumenism. Results: we discovered that Sheptytskyi’s ecumenism was studied not only by numerous scientists, but this meaningful legacy of his is a valuable phenomenon for media coverage. Therefore, Sheptytskyi’s ecumenism becomes the subject of interest of journalists not only of publications that write mainly on church topics, but also socio-political and artistic ones. We are sure that Sheptytskyi’s ecumenism will continue to be studied by professional scientists and representatives of the wider media community. Significance: journalism of a religious orientation, high-quality and substantiated coverage of religious processes and phenomena in the press is still something quite new for modern Ukraine. In Soviet times, journalists were afraid to write about religion in order not to incur the wrath of the authorities, so such materials could not be included in the press. That is why it is very important to study how today’s journalists cover important issues of religion, which, in addition, have a strong scientific basis. In addition, the development of ecumenism and religious unity are extremely important for building national unity, which is necessary for our state to effectively confront the enemy in full-scale war. Key words: ecumenism; Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytskyi; media; interreleigion cooperation; dialogue.
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