Journal articles on the topic 'Trust – Psychological aspects'
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1
Сухов, А. Н., and Л. Н. Каращук. "Social and Psychological Aspects of Trust in Medical Patients." Психолого-педагогический поиск, no. 2(62) (August 5, 2022): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37724/rsu.2022.62.2.015.
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Проблема доверия к врачу в настоящее время приобретает особую актуальность, так как возрастает потребность общества в психологически грамотных специалистах, способных целенаправленно развивать доверительные отношения со своими пациентами. Кроме того, актуальность обусловливается отсутствием специальной подготовки будущих специалистов в этом направлении, а также недостаточной разработкой проблемы доверительных отношений в отечественной психологии.В статье дается анализ уже существующих подходов к содержанию доверия в рамках различных отраслей научной деятельности с акцентом на психологическую составляющую контента данного феномена. Прослеживается трансформация понимания доверия во временном аспекте вплоть до современного осмысления. Вместе с тем изучается теоретический аспект доверия во взаимоотношениях субъектов и анализируется содержание этого аспекта в трудах различных ученых (А. Селигмен, А. Б. Купрейченко, Т. П. Скрипкина и др.).В эмпирической части исследования рассматриваются особенности содержательного аспекта феномена доверия, то есть контента доверия в отношениях «врач — пациент». Исследование было проведено на выборке из пациентов, находящихся на стационарном лечении в следующих отделениях: хирургическое, травматологическое, терапевтическое ГБУ РО «Городская клиническая больница скорой медицинской помощи» (ГКБСМП) и пульмонологическое ГБУ РО «Областная клиническая больница» г. Рязани. Исследование имело пилотажный характер. Приняли участие 50 респондентов: 25 пациентов, подвергавшихся оперативному вмешательству, и 25 — не подвергавшихся. В работе с респондентами соблюдались этические принципы психолога: исследование проводилось на добровольной основе, соблюдалась анонимность и неразглашение личной тайны. Работа заключалась в устных и письменных ответах на вопросы. Основным методом изучения контента доверия к врачам со стороны пациентов было свободное интервью.Изучая отдельные содержательные стороны, составляющие контент доверия, удалось выделить четыре основные категории, которые формируют доверие пациента к врачу: профессиональные, коммуникативные, морально-этические и саморегуляция. Предпринята попытка найти различия в особенностях доверия у пациентов, проходивших оперативное и консервативное лечение. Таких различий не выявлено, что послужило благоприятным фактором, поскольку формирование доверия у врачей не вызовет отдельной дифференциации мишеней работы в зависимости от направленности медицинского воздействия. The issue of patients’ trust in doctors has become highly relevant, for there is an urgent need for reliable specialists who are well versed in psychology of human relationships and can build patient-doctor relationships based on trust. The relevance of the research consists in the fact that nowadays there are few specialists meeting this requirement and the issue of patient-doctor trust is largely underinvestigated by Russian psychologists.The article analyzes the existing approaches to the notion of trust focusing on the psychological aspect of this phenomenon. The article underlines that scholars’ understanding of the concept of trust has changed several times. The article analyzes theoretical aspects of trust and investigates the concept of trust as represented in works of different scholars (A. Seligmen, A. B. Kupreychenko, T. P. Skripkina, etc.).The empirical part of the research focuses on the content of the phenomenon of trust, i.e. on the content of patients’ trust in their doctors. The research is conducted in the Department of Surgery, the Department of Trauma and the Department of Therapeutics of the City Clinical Hospital (Ryazan) and in the Department of Pulmonology of the Regional Clinical Hospital (Ryazan). The research involves 50 respondents: 25 surgical patients and 25 non-surgical patients. The communication with patients is voluntary (as required by the code of ethics), anonymous, and confidential. The respondents are asked to answer a number of questions both orally and in writing. The main method of investigating patients’ trust in doctors is an interview.The research shows that there are four basic factors that predetermine patients’ trust in their doctors: doctors’ professional qualities, communication skills, moral and ethical principles, self-regulation. The research has uncovered no differences in surgical patients’ and non-surgical patients’ trust in doctors, which may be beneficial for further research, since there will be no need to trace differences in different groups of patients.
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Makazhanova, Z. "Psychological aspects of learning english." Pedagogy and Psychology 42, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-1.2077-6861.05.
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The article discusses issues of effective learning and mastering a foreign language and factors affecting the learning process. The author focuses on the methodological and psychological aspects of this process. The effectiveness of learning and mastering a foreign language, its further professional use, in addition to the teacher’s talent to use the correct method of presenting and activating teaching material, the ability to build trust with students and create a comfortable environment for them in the classroom, depends largely on psychological factors, on the students’ ability to change established ideas about their ability to assimilate and freely use foreign language speech both in class and in real life.
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Lipp, Marilda Emmanuel Novaes, Flavio Eitor Barbieri, Leonel Santánna, Ana Paula Justo, Ana Carolina Cabral, Flavia Urbini dos Santos, Sabrina Gallo, and Leeka Kheifets. "Perception of risk from electric and magnetic fields: Stress effects and psychological aspects." Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas) 30, no. 4 (December 2013): 497–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-166x2013000400003.
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The present study aimed to investigate the perception of risk in the Brazilian population related to electric and magnetic fields. Six hundred adults were recruited from the surrounding communities. Three hundred of them lived in large cities and an equal number lived in small towns. A short questionnaire was constructed to assess risk perception, trust in government to control risk exposure, level of comfort with exposure to extra-low-frequency electromagnetic fields, measures perceived as necessary to reduce emotional discomfort, and trust in the regulatory agencies. The Lipp Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Adults was applied to assess stress levels. Findings indicate that the majority of the participants in this study did not trust the Government to provide protective measures from exposure to electric and magnetic fields, did not trust the regulatory agencies, felt that there is no adequate risk control and thought about it frequently, and some felt that line installations were being performed in excess and that this should be stopped. Results endorse the need for risk education and indicate that risk perception and feelings should be considered before starting new line installations. Risk communication should incorporate knowledge regarding social cognition since a large proportion of the people were concerned about electric and magnetic fields. Lack of communication can lead to a rejection of necessary transmission line installation, and to unnecessary or exaggerated fear.
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Liotti, Marianna, Alberto Milesi, Grazia Fernanda Spitoni, Annalisa Tanzilli, Anna Maria Speranza, Laura Parolin, Chloe Campbell, Peter Fonagy, Vittorio Lingiardi, and Guido Giovanardi. "Unpacking trust: The Italian validation of the Epistemic Trust, Mistrust, and Credulity Questionnaire (ETMCQ)." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 26, 2023): e0280328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280328.
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The construct of epistemic trust has received much consideration in recent psychological literature, even though mainly from a theoretical perspective. The overall aim of this study was to validate the first self-report measure of epistemic trust–the Epistemic Trust, Mistrust, and Credulity Questionnaire (ETMCQ)–in an Italian sample. Our primary goal was to test the factorial validity of the instrument, also exploring the influence of age, gender, and level of education on epistemic trust (Study 1, n = 843). Secondarily, we investigated the associations between epistemic trust, mistrust, credulity, and other aspects of psychological functioning, as well as with the presence of adverse childhood experiences in a smaller number of participants (Study 2, n = 445). Besides the ETMCQ, the survey included an ad hoc questionnaire investigating socio-demographic characteristics and self-report measures of reflective functioning, mentalized affectivity, traumatic experiences, attachment, and psychological symptoms. Statistical analysis showed a three-factor hierarchical structure similar to the model proposed in the original validation, with some differences that suggest an influence of cultural factors in determining individuals’ epistemic stance. Our results corroborate previous theoretical contributions regarding the association between epistemic trust and psychological wellbeing, and between epistemic disruptions and higher levels of psychological suffering. Both Mistrust and Credulity were significantly related to the presence of childhood traumatic experiences, attachment avoidance and anxiety, lower levels of mentalization, lower abilities in emotional regulation, and higher levels of psychopathological symptoms. The ETMCQ represents an easily administered and time-effective tool. Its use could pave the way for interesting clinical and theoretical findings.
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Widanti, Primari Puteri, and Sinto Sunaryo. "Job Demands-job Resources and Organizational Trust: Mediation Role of Employee Engagement, Psychological Well-being, and Transformational Leadership." International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research 06, no. 03 (2022): 52–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.51505/ijebmr.2022.6304.
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This study aims to determine the relationship of job demands and job resources with organizational trust through employee engagement, psychological well-being, and transformational leadership. This study involved 235 participants from Dr. Moewardi Regional Public Hospital and Universitas Sebelas Maret Hospital in Surakarta, uses a quantitative approach with convenience sampling technique by considering the risk level of being exposed to COVID-19. Data is collected by an online survey using google form questionnaire. Using SEM PLS analysis, this study finds that job demands has a significant and negative relationship with employee engagement and psychological well-being. Job resources has a significant and positive relationship with employee engagement and psychological well-being. Employee engagement has a significant and positive relationship with organizational trust. There are mediating effects of psychological well-being and transformational leadership on the relationship of employee engagement and organizational trust. Future studies are recommended to add moderating variables such as age, gender, and working period so that the research expected to reveal a more in-depth aspects of organizational trust in a comprehensive manner.
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Kang, Lei, Ying Qiu, Tie Zheng, and Anne Rubienska. "Courage to Trust–Discussion of Moral Personality Built on the Confucian Ethics." ETHICS IN PROGRESS 6, no. 2 (September 1, 2015): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/eip.2015.2.2.
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The value of Xin can find its origin in the Analects and other works by Confucius. Taking the perspectives from ethics and social psychology, pills this research aims to probe possible psychological basis for the value of Xin and discuss it from two aspects extracted from the Analects, i.e. being trustworthy and being able to trust. However, among Confucian ethics, the significance of the value of Xin is somehow underestimated, especially the willingness and ability to trust others. The discussion of Confucian ethical value of Xin focuses on the fusion and fission processes of turning the value of Xin into moral trait and behaviour, and extends into the development of moral personality. The fusion process of incorporating credibility into self and the fission process of transmitting trust into otherness reflect the importance of social interaction and learning experience in forming moral personality, as Confucius used to emphasized in his teaching. The driving force of these processes and the connection between ethical values and moral personality is the courage to be trusting, as well as trusty. A moral personality characterized by the courage to trust echoes the courage to connect self to others, which is enhanced by the effectively formed and activated schema of trust. Bringing Confucian ethics in the light of personality psychology, this multidisciplinary study may provide a new perspective to examine moral behaviour by unveiling the psychological link between ethical values and moral personality, which is the courage to be connected to others, i.e. the courage to trust.
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Kang, Lei, Ying Qiu, Tie Zheng, and Anne Rubienska. "Courage to Trust–Discussion of Moral Personality Built on the Confucian Ethics." ETHICS IN PROGRESS 6, no. 2 (September 1, 2015): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746//eip.2015.2.2.
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The value of Xin can find its origin in the Analects and other works by Confucius. Taking the perspectives from ethics and social psychology, pills this research aims to probe possible psychological basis for the value of Xin and discuss it from two aspects extracted from the Analects, i.e. being trustworthy and being able to trust. However, among Confucian ethics, the significance of the value of Xin is somehow underestimated, especially the willingness and ability to trust others. The discussion of Confucian ethical value of Xin focuses on the fusion and fission processes of turning the value of Xin into moral trait and behaviour, and extends into the development of moral personality. The fusion process of incorporating credibility into self and the fission process of transmitting trust into otherness reflect the importance of social interaction and learning experience in forming moral personality, as Confucius used to emphasized in his teaching. The driving force of these processes and the connection between ethical values and moral personality is the courage to be trusting, as well as trusty. A moral personality characterized by the courage to trust echoes the courage to connect self to others, which is enhanced by the effectively formed and activated schema of trust. Bringing Confucian ethics in the light of personality psychology, this multidisciplinary study may provide a new perspective to examine moral behaviour by unveiling the psychological link between ethical values and moral personality, which is the courage to be connected to others, i.e. the courage to trust.
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Liu, Su Xia, Ying Zhou, Yao Cheng, and Gilbert Joshua Atteh Sewu. "Structure and Its Reliability and Validity of Employees’ Trust in Organizational Safety." International Journal of Business and Management 14, no. 5 (April 20, 2019): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v14n5p115.
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Employees’ trust in organizational safety is conducive in enhancing employees’ safety participation behavior from a psychological perspective. This study conceptualized employees’ trust in organizational safety and divided it into 3 dimensions by reviewing the previous literature. Questionnaires were designed based on the reference and revision of relevant scales in previous studies. Data was collected from 716 frontline employees to confirm the reliability and validity of the structure of employees’ trust in organizational safety. The result indicated that employees’ trust in organizational safety can be divided into three aspects and the scale with 16-items is valid and reliable.
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Khamidullin, Ruslan Sibagatullovich. "Trust as a moral category in operational investigative activities." Психология и Психотехника, no. 4 (April 2022): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0722.2022.4.36688.
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The subject of the study is the psychological characteristics of the individual, their content and features. The object of the study is the interpersonal relationships that arise between an employee of an operational unit and a citizen in the process of establishing trust. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the emergence and strengthening of neural connections, the peculiarities of the manifestation of a sense of trust and its importance for solving the tasks that face operational investigative activities. The importance of establishing trusting relationships in the process of obtaining the necessary information by the operative and the person of interest to him is noted. Particular attention is paid to the establishment and maintenance of psychological contact between an operative and an object of operational interest, as well as techniques for manipulating the interlocutor using neuro-linguistic programming techniques. The main conclusions of the study are: trust as a moral category is used by operational officers to solve the tasks of operational investigative activities; the foundation of sincere communication and mutual understanding of two personalities is a sense of trust; for the emergence of trusting relationships, it is of great importance to establish and maintain psychological contact in the process of communication between an operative and a citizen by modeling mutual interests and mutual understanding. In the course of establishing trust, neural connections arise. Neurolinguistic programming techniques allow you to establish psychological contact between an operative and a person of interest to him. Neurotechnics are also used to achieve and strengthen trusting relationships.
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Ramezani, Monir, Fazlollah Ahmadi, Eesa Mohammadi, and Anoshirvan Kazemnejad. "The grounded theory of “trust building”." Nursing Ethics 26, no. 3 (November 7, 2017): 753–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733017734411.
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Background: Despite the growing importance of spiritual care, the delivery of spiritual care is still an area of disagreement among healthcare providers. Objective: To develop a grounded theory about spiritual care delivery based on Iranian nurses’ perceptions and experiences. A grounded theory approach: A qualitative study using the grounded theory approach. Participants and research context: Data were collected through holding 27 interviews with 25 participants (17 staff nurses, 3 physicians, 3 patients, 1 family member, and 1 nurse assistant). The study setting was the Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex. Sampling was started purposively and continued theoretically. Data analysis was performed by the method proposed by Strauss and Corbin. Ethical consideration: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tarbiat Modares University and the agreement of the administrators of the study setting was got before starting the study. Results: The core category of the study was “Trust building” which reflected the nature of spiritual care delivery by nurses. Trust building was the result of eight main categories or strategies including creating a positive mentality at hospital admission, understanding patients in care circumstances, having a caring presence, adhering to care ethics, developing meaningful relationships, promoting positive thinking and energy, establishing effective communication with patients, and attempting to create a safe therapeutic environment. Poor interprofessional coordination negatively affected this process while living toward developing greater cognizance of divinity and adhering to the principles of professional ethics facilitated it. The outcome of the process was to gain a sense of partial psychological security. Conclusion: The “Trust building” theory can be used as a guide for describing and expanding nurses’ roles in spiritual care delivery, developing care documentation systems and clinical guidelines, and planning educational programs for nursing students and staff nurses.
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Zlahoda, Olha. "Psychological Aspects of Operative Staff Cooperation With Confi dential Employees." Internal Security 10, no. 2 (September 16, 2019): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4222.
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The article presents solutions for the operative, search and psychological challenges, arising in the course of interaction between operative staff and confidential employees in the current law enforcement environment. The aim of the article is to study the influence of the operative and search activities on the psychological conditions of operative staff and confidential employees, which may lead either to positive or negative repercussions and phenomena. Currently, a set of reasons can be provided to justify the incompliance of operative staff with the established professional requirements and criteria: — low quality of the psychological selection of officers for operative units; — lack of understanding, regarding the importance of the functions specificity by staff, lack of will to improve their skills and knowledge; — poor legal regulation of the specific aspects of operative and search activity; — incorrect organization of working process and operative staff working environment; — low level of morale building activities. It must be mentioned that successful operative staff performance depends highly on practical experience, as well as the mentor’s qualification in the field of improving young police officers’ skills regarding communication with citizens and obtaining relevant information. In order to establish fruitful communication with confidential employees and citizens, to obtain necessary operative data, apart from legal education, the police officer must demonstrate high level of psychological training, based on the general knowledge of communication process peculiarities and trust-based relations building, with the perspective of strengthening the cooperation.
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Skripkina, Tatiana, Angelica Polina, and Elena Ovcharova. "Techniques for building trust as a factor of psychological security of a person." E3S Web of Conferences 210 (2020): 19032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021019032.
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Purpose of the study: The scientific objective of the study is to study the problem of building trust as the basis of psychological security of a person, to develop a model of “the formation of trusting relationships as the basis of psychological security of a person” and define its components. Research methods: ascertaining and formative experiment, questionnaires, testing, method of content analysis of essays, methods of mathematical statistics, Student's t-test and Wilcoxon's t-test. Methods that determine the characteristics of trust in oneself and in others were used, as well as methods that diagnose the psychological safety of the personality of adolescents. The paper examines the theoretical aspects of psychological security of a person in domestic and foreign psychology; concepts that reflect the role of trust and trusting relationships of a person in social interaction and personality development; the concept of deprivation symptoms and modern studies on the problem of raising children and adolescents in a difficult life situation. Research results. The paper presents the results of a study of the peculiarities of the emotional and personal development of adolescents who find themselves in a difficult life situation, which are manifested in a low level of confidence in themselves and in the world, the severity of aggressive reactions and high anxiety. Based on the results of the empirical study, technologies for the formation of trust and psychological safety of a person have been developed, which are the author's model of "the formation of trusting relationships as the basis of psychological security of a person" and a complex of psychocorrectional measures. As components of the psychological security of a person, the following are distinguished: affective-personal, cognitive, behavioral and value-semantic components. Key findings and their significance. Comparative analysis of the obtained results of the empirical study of the experimental and control groups made it possible to confirm the reliability of the identified components of psychological security and the criteria of trust/distrust in the author's model. An innovative approach is defined, in which confidence in oneself and in the world is highlighted as a significant factor of psychological security of a person for the first time. The introduction of a psychocorrectional program made it possible to optimize trusting relationships among adolescents.
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Doherty, Anne M., and Brendan D. Kelly. "Social and psychological correlates of happiness in 17 European countries." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 27, no. 3 (September 2010): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700001294.
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AbstractObjectives:Happiness has been associated with a number of individual and societal factors, but much of the individual-to-individual variation in happiness remains unexplained. The purpose of this paper is to examine a broad range of social and psychological correlates of self-rated happiness in Europe.Methods:We used data from the European Social Survey to determine levels of happiness in individuals (n = 30,816) from 17 European countries and to identify associations between happiness and age, gender, family relationships, satisfaction with income, employment status, community trust, satisfaction with health, satisfaction with democracy, religious belief and country of residence.Results:Self-rated happiness varies significantly between European countries, with individuals in Denmark reporting the highest levels of happiness and individuals in Bulgaria reporting the lowest levels. On multi-variable analysis, happiness is positively correlated with younger age, satisfaction with household income, being employed, high community trust and religious belief. Overall, these factors account for 22.5% of the individual-to-individual variation in happiness in Europe.Conclusions:For the individual, this study highlights possible associations between happiness and the individual's attitudes towards various aspects of their personal, household and societal circumstances. For social policy-makers, this study suggests the potential usefulness of civic measures to increase community trust and social capital. Further studies of the inter-relationships between individual and community-level variables would assist in further explaining the variance in happiness between individuals and countries.
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Demchenko, A. M., V. V. Kremnev, A. N. Neverov, A. V. Neverova, and D. S. Pyanykh. "TRUST IN SOURCES OF INFORMATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF ITS REDUNDANTLY: ECONOMIC-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND NEUROECONOMIC ASPECTS." Ученые записки Института психологии РАН 2, no. 2 (2022): 64–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.38098/proceedings_2022_02_02_06.
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Cartland, Jenifer, Michaeleen Green, Desty Kamm, Diana Halfer, Mary Alida Brisk, and Derek Wheeler. "Measuring psychological safety and local learning to enable high reliability organisational change." BMJ Open Quality 11, no. 4 (October 2022): e001757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2021-001757.
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The ability to measure the extent to which an organisation is highly reliable, or the extent to which reliability may change over time, has not kept up with the development of theory. The paper examines aspects of workplace culture, employee motivation and leadership behaviours that support continuous learning and improvement in an effort to measure the transition to high reliability.To evaluate the effectiveness of its high reliability initiative, one children’s hospital sought to build measures that would provide an assessment of progressive movement towards a ‘culture of safety’, and track the success over time. This paper reports on the development of two scales (trust in team members and trust in leadership) that are intended to measure two cultural conditions fostered by the five high reliability principles and a composite measure on local learning activities. The two scales are strongly associated with local learning activities in employees’ work areas and with employees’ willingness to participate in extra role activities. We suggest that they are foundational to creating a psychologically safe environment and thus to becoming a high reliability organisation.
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Parmajaya, I. Putu Gede. "PENINGKATAN KUALITAS DAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA HINDU MELALUI PEMAHAMAN TAKSONOMI TRI KAYA PARISUDHA." Jurnal Penjaminan Mutu 2, no. 2 (August 14, 2016): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25078/jpm.v2i2.70.
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<p><em>With the development aspects of psychology including psychological study, through many discussion groups, came the thoughts more carefully. In psychology study clearly a critical component that needs high attention also besides the cognitive aspects, in particular cognitive processes. Important aspects or components of it are the components of knowledge or knowledge learned. Each knowledge or science has important characteristics to consider in studying it. There may be the same traits in two different sciences, even though not all the same characteristics. In Hindu religious subjects, for example, many objects are abstract and immediate assessment using deductive reasoning. At this time has successfully developed a rich taxonomy of value-based tri kaya parisudha by Parmajaya, taxonomy was named Taxonomy Tri Kaya Parisudha. Taxonomy is expected to be used as a measurement of psychological for teachers to gauge the level of bhakti sradha (belief and trust) Hindu students</em></p>
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Strizoe, Aleksandr. "The Origins of the Stalingrad Victory: Psychological Aspect." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 1 (February 2019): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2019.1.13.
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Introduction. The article points out the need for a special study of psychological aspects of the reasons for the victory of the Red Army at Stalingrad, which for a long time remained undervalued due to the traditional attention of researchers paid to the role of ideological factors. These aspects are revealed in the process of radical change in the moods of soldiers and commanders of the Red Army in the period between the issuance of Order No. 227 in July 1942 and the formation of new urban combat tactics in the winter of 1942-1943. The author notes the need to evaluate measures of command and practices of soldiers’ and commanders’ behaviour in war, taking into account the achievements of modern psychology. Methods. The author presents a methodological scheme for analysing the process of changing moods, the transition from confusion and panic to the formation of readiness for active defence and attack. Its elements include studying adaptation to the everyday difficulties of war, interpersonal trust and rational organization of various aspects of life in war as prerequisites for a psychological break in the moods of soldiers and commanders. Analysis and results. The article emphasizes the role of formation of self-organization and liberation of personal initiative of soldiers as one of the manifestations of positive psychological changes. These changes are conceptualized in a new understanding of courage. Along with the ‘courage of self-sacrifice’ characteristic of archaic culture and traditional society, the ‘courage of self-affirmation’, which is rooted in the values of the Renaissance and the early modern period and focused on success in military confrontation and preservation of the lives of soldiers and commanders, arises and spreads. The emergence and spread of new psychological attitudes and orientations during the Stalingrad battle can be assessed as the beginning of moral and psychological break in the Red Army, the beginning of the formation of the ‘psychology of victory’ as a powerful mobilizing factor.
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Palese, Alvisa, Silvia Gonella, Tea Kasa, Davide Caruzzo, Mark Hayter, and Roger Watson. "Negative prompts aimed at maintaining eating independence." Nursing Ethics 26, no. 7-8 (December 28, 2018): 2158–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733018819124.
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Background: Psychological abuse of older people is difficult to recognise; specifically, nursing home residents have been documented to be at higher risk of psychological abuse during daily care, such as during feeding. Healthcare professionals adopt positive and negative verbal prompts to maintain residents’ eating independence; however, negative prompts’ purposes and implications have never been discussed to date. Research aims: To critically analyse negative verbal prompts given during mealtimes as forms of abuse of older individuals and violation of ethical principles. Research design: This is a secondary analysis of three cases of negative prompts that emerged in a large descriptive study based upon focus group methodology and involving 13 nursing homes and 54 healthcare professionals. Participants and research context: This study included 3 out of 13 nursing homes caring for residents with moderate/severe functional dependence in self-feeding mainly due to dementia; in these nursing homes, we conducted three focus groups and 13 healthcare professionals participated. Ethical considerations: This study was conducted in accordance with the Human Subject Research Ethics Committee guidelines after being approved by the Review Board of the Trust. Findings: With the intent of maintaining self-feeding independence, negative verbal prompts have been reported as being used by nursing home teams. By critically analysing these negative prompts, it turned out they could trigger intimidation, depression and anxiety and thus could be considered as forms of abuse; moreover, negative prompts can threaten the ethical principles of (1) autonomy using a paternalist approach, (2) beneficence and non-maleficence as with the intent to act in the best interests of residents (to maintain self-feeding independence) they are harmed in their dignity and (3) justice, given that residents who received negative prompts are treated differently from those who received positive prompts. Discussion: Eating should be a pleasant experience with a positive impact on physiological, psychological and social well-being. However, negative prompting can lead to abuse and violation of basic ethical principles, destroying the healthcare professional resident and relative relationships strongly dependent on trust. Conclusion: Negative verbal prompting must be avoided.
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Bilyk, Valentyna, Alla Dimitrova, Dmytro Havrychenko, Valentyna Stelmakhivska, and Tetyana Vorontsova. "THE MAIN ASPECTS OF COUNTERING PANDEMIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES THROUGH VACCINATION IN THE CONTEXT OF PROTECTING HEALTH AND OVERCOMING PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS." Wiadomości Lekarskie 75, no. 11 (2022): 2785–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202211212.
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The aim: Study of opinions and attitudes of citizens towards vaccination, identification of the reasons for the refusal of vaccination, the main psychological barriers. Materials and methods: As a result of the analysis the main reasons for the refusal of vaccination were systematized into 5 groups. For practical clarification of the main reasons for the refusal of vaccination, we conducted a survey of citizens of the family medicine outpatient clinic in one of the Ukrainian cities. A total of 30 respondents took part in the survey. Results: The results of the survey were systematized, according to which it was found that today there is still a negative attitude towards vaccination, although some of the respondents who have a positive attitude towards vaccination are much larger in the context of today’s pandemic realities. The main reason for not vaccinating is a lack of trust and confidence in vaccine safety. Conclusions: To date, vaccination, including against COVID-19, is the only method of combating the pandemic. The identified reasons for the refusal of vaccination, according to the authors, are due to the lack of proper informatization of the population and the low level of trust in global and national medical institutions.
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Pavlova, O. S. "Psychological counseling for muslims: the analysis of foreign literature." Современная зарубежная психология 7, no. 4 (2018): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2018070406.
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The article presents a survey of foreign literature on various aspects of the theory and practice of psychological counseling for Muslims. Psychological counseling for Muslims is a professional psychological aid which uses knowledge about the peculiarities of the client’s faith that are important for him as an individual: his religious views, religious language, sacred stories and legends, sacral practices, as well as the traditions and customs of Muslim peoples. The possibilities of using such spiritual practices as Islamic meditation and Islamic reasoning in psychological work with Muslims are shown. Also the article provides an analysis of the main problems arising during the family therapy of Muslims and describes the professional qualities of a psychologist that are necessary for effective work with clients who profess Islam. In conclusion, it is shown that the solution of psychological problems of believers is difficult or impossible to achieve without a trust that is formed between a client and a psychologist and based on their mutual understanding of religious matters.
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Savelyuk, Nataliya, and Margaryta Zagariychuk. "Network marketing in network society: humanistic and psychological aspects of the problem." HUMANITARIUM 44, no. 1 (November 23, 2021): 140–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2308-5126-2020-44-1-140-151.
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The article carries out both theoretical and empirical analysis of some humanistic and psychological aspects of the functioning of network marketing in modern network society. In fact, the humanistic vector of research is represented in the importance of formulating and understanding of the problem of human search for a harmonious individual identity and ways of effective self-realization in a globalized and informatized society, in a massive environment of consumption and services; psychological and socio-psychological vectors consist of the study of individual characteristics of the Ukrainian population’s attitude to their own material status and some potential opportunities for its improvement. In particular, the analysis touches the phenomenon of «social psychology of poverty» as a lifestyle, which is often justified by the relevant philosophy of life and morality. The ambivalent components of the image of network marketing in modern society, as well as social and personal factors of attitude formation and personal involvement in this type of employment are revealed. According to the results of a pilot empirical study, it was stated that the dominant majority of online Ukrainian respondents (it was used the methods of «convenient sampling» and «snowball») has been self-identified as «average in their material status». At the same time, almost half consider wealth as mainly the result of their own persistence and activity. The dominant majority of respondents are at least partially informed about the network business, and a little over a third – «tried themselves» in this type of business. The most frequently identified associations with «network marketing» were «sale / sales» and «Internet», fit into his general denotative interpretations. However, about one in five respondents has some distrust of this method of earning, associated with «pyramidal» connotations and fear of «being deceived». And the same number of people trust network marketing instills concrete success and results of relevant activities.
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Trutenko, Elena Vladimirovna, and Andrei Aleksandrovich Linchenko. "Problematic field of studying public trust in Russia: content analysis of scientific publications." Социодинамика, no. 12 (December 2021): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7144.2021.12.36267.
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This article is dedicated to the analysis of evolution of research practices and approaches of the Russian scholars towards the problem of trust in Russian society, as well as determination of the key trends and specificity of social trust/distrust in the Russian society. Application of the methodology of content analysis allows analyzing the dynamics of domestic publications, as well as revealing the most relevant vectors of psychological, economic and social research. The most cited publications that outline the key trends in the transformation of public trust in modern Russia are determined. The author observes not only the shift in focus of study of the problem of trust from political to socioeconomic and informational contexts, but also significant differentiation in examination of various aspects of public trust. The novelty of this research lies in detection and classification of the relevant trends in the transformation of public trust in Russia. Public trust alongside public distrust in the government manifest as the basic factor in relation to other socioeconomic and cultural institutions. At the same time, there author observes low differentiation between the images of trust and distrust among Russian population, low level of both interpersonal and institutional trust, as well as tendency towards using the images of the Soviet past as the markers of trust or distrust in the existing social institutions. A disposition towards increase of the role of social networks in the development of the images of trust or distrust is revealed.
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Wei, Chunli, Qingqing Li, Ziyi Lian, Yijun Luo, Shiqing Song, and Hong Chen. "Variation in Public Trust, Perceived Societal Fairness, and Well-Being before and after COVID-19 Onset—Evidence from the China Family Panel Studies." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (September 28, 2022): 12365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912365.
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The sudden onset of the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on all aspects of people’s lives, including their attitudes toward society and psychological well-being. This study aimed to analyze the variation in public trust, perceived societal fairness, and well-being before and after the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study used two-wave longitudinal data of 15,487 residents (2018, T1; 2020, T2) derived from the Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS). A repeated measures analysis of variance showed that (a) public trust, perceived societal fairness, and subjective well-being significantly improved and (b) depression significantly increased. Linear regression analysis showed that education and socioeconomic status had a significant predictive effect on public trust, perceived societal fairness, and depression; socioeconomic status had a significant predictive effect on subjective well-being. This study provides evidence and direction for current social governance, namely, policy implementation and pandemic response.
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Kovalenko, Alla, and Albina Holovina. "Methodological Aspects of Social Preferences Research in the Context of Solving Social Dilemmas." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series “Psychology” 1, no. 13 (2021): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/bsp.2021.1(13).6.
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The article presents an analysis of the main methodological principles and schemes of social preferences experimental research, which are determined as a fundamental concept to understanding the behavior of decision-makers in the process of resolving social dilemmas. The models presented in the article include an analysis of the factors that determine social preferences. Among them are the factors of trust, reliability, reciprocity, rejection of inequality, unconditional altruism and competitive advantage. The article provides a description of the strengths and weaknesses of the classic methods for studying social preferences, which usually take the form of ultimatum game, dictator game, trust game and public goods game. The study reveals the importance of the Nash equilibrium as a way to interpret human behavior in resource allocation during the game. Analysis of numerous literary sources shows that the ultimatum game is a classic scheme for studying the altruistic behavior of people. The submission of a proposal and its acceptance is an example of Nash's ideal equilibrium. Deviation from this balance can be interpreted as altruism. In turn, the trust game is a classic scheme for studying the reciprocity and prosocial orientation. If the behavior of players deviates from Nash's equilibrium, it is interpreted as being caused by trust and reciprocity. The dictator game is a classic scheme for studying the rejection of inequality. The subject's behavior can be interpreted as a rejection of inequality or altruism, but not as a rejection of risk, as the offer of Player 1 is mandatory for Player 2. Public goods game is a classic scheme for studying the competitive orientation. Nash's ideal balance in this form of play is to do nothing for public consumption, but deviating from this rule is interpreted as altruistic behavior that is the opposite of competitive orientation. As a result, the design of psychological research is presented, which most accurately typologies the social preferences of the subjects and can contribute to the creation of a representative model of decision-making process.
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Pylypenko, N., O. Sydorenko, and N. Shestak. "THE STUDY OF PATIENTS` EXPECTATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF SATISFACTION OF THEIR PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS RELATED TO MEDICAL CARE." Клінічна та профілактична медицина 1, no. 1 (March 22, 2020): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31612/2616-4868.1(11).2020.03.
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Purpose: the study the patients` expectations in the context of satisfaction of their psychological needs related to «health professional – patient» communication.
Material and methods. The pilot survey of 58 persons (20 males and 38 females, aged from 21 to 70 years) was performed by the use of dedicated questionnaire regarding the patients` expectations about the «health professional – patient» communication. The questionnaire included 10 statements related to different aspects of «health professional – patient» communication. The respondents were asked to rank the statements (1 through 10) depending the importance of each aspect in total «health professional – patient» communication hierarchy. We used bibliosemantic, comparative and empirical methods for data analysis.
Results and discussion. The pilot survey demonstrated that the following aspects of «health professional – patient» communication are equally important for both males and females: feeling of emotional comfort, the active doctor`s position; the doctor`s interest in the patient`s situation, not indifferent attitude and sincere desire to help. Males, as compared to females, were more demanding on the following aspects: the doctor`s readiness for dialogue, the doctor`s ability to listen to patient`s concerns about health status, process and outcomes of treatment; receiving information from the doctor in an accessible manner regarding the key aspects, purpose and prospects of treatment; receiving information from the doctor regarding the prevention of disease occurrence and/or recurrence; a clear, reasoned doctor`s explanation of the need for treatment. We established the difference between males and females in the priority of such aspect, as the doctor`s statements disposed a patient to a positive treatment outcomes. In contrast to males, that aspect was ranked by females as one of the most important points in «health professional – patient» communication.
Conclusion. Dialogical, collegial and collaborative interaction models could predominantly interpret the patients` expectations about the «health professional – patient» communication. These models assume shared decision-making, trust in doctor-patient relationship, and receiving all necessary information from the doctor regarding the patient`s health status and treatment process.
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Niemiec, Rodovan. "Transformational Leadership and Employee Psychological Needs." INFLUENCE : International Journal of Science Review 2, no. 3 (December 25, 2020): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/influence.v2i3.105.
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The notion of transformational leadership is a critical component of management study. This type of leadership demands a leader to be able to understand and monitor followers' psychological needs and ideals, as well as to motivate them to work. Four aspects define transformational leadership: individual concern, intellectual stimulation, inspiring motivation, and charisma or idealized impact. A transformative leader's position is intrinsically motivating. The authors highlight the relevance of the fundamental psychological desire for relatedness with others, as well as the sense of personal competence and autonomy in completing a particular activity, within the idea of self-determination. Recent study indicates that perceived transformative leadership helps employees satisfy their basic psychological requirements. Satisfying each of these requirements has a direct influence on the accomplishment of good results and corporate goals. Positive outcomes most frequently reported include employee trust in the organization, positive feedback from managers, belief in one's own ability to contribute to the organization, identifying opportunities for advancement, a sense of security, job satisfaction, and a high level of enthusiasm for work. Transformational leadership enables the business to embrace shared motivating concepts, empowers managers, and elicits support from followers in their attempts to establish a strong and stable organizational culture.
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Yeng, Prosper Kandabongee, Adam Szekeres, Bian Yang, and Einar Arthur Snekkenes. "Mapping the Psychosocialcultural Aspects of Healthcare Professionals’ Information Security Practices: Systematic Mapping Study." JMIR Human Factors 8, no. 2 (June 9, 2021): e17604. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17604.
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Background Data breaches in health care are on the rise, emphasizing the need for a holistic approach to mitigation efforts. Objective The purpose of this study was to develop a comprehensive framework for modeling and analyzing health care professionals’ information security practices related to their individual characteristics, such as their psychological, social, and cultural traits. Methods The study area was a hospital setting under an ongoing project called the Healthcare Security Practice Analysis, Modeling, and Incentivization (HSPAMI) project. A literature review was conducted for relevant theories and information security practices. The theories and security practices were used to develop an ontology and a comprehensive framework consisting of psychological, social, cultural, and demographic variables. Results In the review, a number of psychological, social, and cultural theories were identified, including the health belief model, protection motivation theory, theory of planned behavior, and social control theory, in addition to some social demographic variables, to form a comprehensive set of health care professionals’ characteristics. Furthermore, an ontology was developed from these theories to systematically organize the concepts. The framework, called the psychosociocultural (PSC) framework, was then developed from the various combined psychological and sociocultural attributes of the ontology. The Human Aspect of Information Security Questionnaire was adopted as a comprehensive tool for gathering staff security practices as mediating variables in the framework. Conclusions Data breaches occur often in health care today. This frequency has been attributed to the lack of experience of health care professionals in information security, the lack of development of conscious care security practices, and the lack of motivation to incentivize health care professionals. The frequent data breaches in health care threaten the mutual trust between health care professionals and patients, which implicitly impacts the quality of the health care service. The modeling and analysis of health care professionals’ security practices can be conducted with the PSC framework by combining methods of statistical survey, observations, and interviews in relation to PSC variables, such as perceptions (perceived benefits, perceived threats, and perceived barriers) or psychological traits, social factors, cultural factors, and social demographics.
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Nuradina, Kartika. "PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTS ONLINE BUYING BEHAVIOUR." Journal of Business and Management INABA (JBMI) 1, no. 02 (December 10, 2022): 112–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.56956/jbmi.v1i02.120.
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In the last five years, consumer behaviour has transformed from offline buying to online buying. There are various factors which affect why such a phenomenon happened. For example, there is the influence of external factors such as technological development, social change, pandemic situation, and modern lifestyle. On the other hand, internal factors such psychological aspects can also affect the change in the shift towards online buying style. This study provides a systematic review of consumer behaviour in online retailing, based on literature review of online consumer behaviour in the field of marketing and business, published in international peer-reviewed journals between periods of 2015 to 2020. This study highlighted the importance of psychological factors such as perception and attitude, motivation, emotion, trust as the factors which influence the transformation towards online buying. Further discussion was also done in regards to the psychological factors based on the psychological and consumer behaviour theoretical framework. The purpose of this article is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the psychological factors that can influence consumers in making online purchases of goods. Based on the findings from this study, insights for future research is presented for academics, as well as important points for practitioners and professionals in terms of understanding psychological factors that can influence the purchase decisions made by consumers.
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Simonov, P. Yu. "Interrelation of Communication Subjects: the degree of trust to the source of information." Communicology 9, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21453/2311-3065-2021-9-3-181-190.
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The paper is devoted to the issues of interrelations between subjects of communication. The aim of the study is to analyze the role of trust in the source of information as a factor in effective communication. The objectives of the research are to differentiate the environmental and subjective approaches to the study of communication, to identify models of the communicative act at the present stage, to determine the principles of the relationship between the subjects of communication, to describe the factors that affect the degree of trust in the source of information, to develop criteria for studying the subject and his behavior in the communication process at the present stage. The research methodology includes a descriptive and survey method in the study of the theory of the issue, analysis and comparison of concepts from the point of view of philosophy, sociology, communication, psychology. The author examines the criteria for determining the “subject”, “subjectivity”, the psychological phenomenon of “trust” in the process of implementing media communication. The article describes various aspects of communicative relations related to the degree of subjects’ trust in the source of information and gives practical examples of the behavior of subjects of communication.
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Doherty, A., and B. Kelly. "The Social and Psychological Correlates of Happiness in Seventeen European Countries: Analysis of Data from the European Social Survey." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71141-1.
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Background:Happiness has been associated with a number of individual and societal factors, but much of the individual-to-individual variation in happiness remains unexplained. The purpose of this paper is to examine a broad range of social and psychological correlates of self-rated happiness in Europe.Methods:We used data from the European Social Survey to determine levels of happiness in individuals (n=30,816) from seventeen European countries and to identify associations between happiness and age, gender, family relationships, satisfaction with income, employment status, community trust, satisfaction with health, satisfaction with democracy, religious belief and country of residence.Results:Self-rated happiness varies significantly between European countries, with individuals in Denmark reporting the highest levels of happiness and individuals in Bulgaria reporting the lowest levels. On multi-variable analysis, happiness is positively correlated with younger age, satisfaction with household income, being employed, high community trust and religious belief. Overall, these factors account for 22.5% of the individual-to-individual variation in happiness in Europe.Conclusion:For the individual, this study highlights the strength of association between happiness and the individual's attitudes towards various aspects of their personal, household and societal circumstances. For social policy-makers, this study confirms the potential usefulness of civic measures to increase community trust and social capital. Further studies of the inter-relationships between individual and community-level variables would assist in further explaining the variance in happiness between individuals and countries.
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Zakiah, Reza Umami. "POLA PEMENUHAN HAK DAN KEWAJIBAN SUAMI ISTRI LONG DISTANCE RELATIONSHIP (LDR)." Al-Ahwal Al-Syakhsiyyah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Peradilan Islam 1, no. 1 (September 2, 2020): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/as.v1i1.7804.
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Ideally, a married couple lives together to carry out their respective duties and obligations. However, because the demands of work cause some of them must be far apart and live the life of Long Distance Relationship (LDR) as happened in Batujaya Village, Kec. Batujaya, Kab. Karawang. The problem that arises is how the pattern of fulfilling the rights and obligations of husband and wife in Batujaya Village, Kec. Batujaya, Kab. Karawang. How to communicate on LDR and how to overcome the difficulties that arise between the two. Through research using descriptive analysis method, the results of the study show that: (1) The pattern of fulfilling the rights and obligations of a husband and wife who are on a LDR at Batujaya Village, Kec. Batujaya, Kab. Karawang can be understood in three aspects, namely the Financial/material aspect is done by meeting in person/transferring money through Alfamart/ATM/POS. The biological aspect when far apart is by interacting by telephone, occupying with homework. Psychological aspects, namely by giving attention over the phone or when meeting by serving all their needs. (2) The way of LDR husband and wife communication via telephone, massage, whatsapp, and video call, but for those who do not use the telephone as a communication tool, the communication is carried out directly when meeting. (3) The way to overcome the difficulties that arise between the two is to maintain mutual trust, understanding, commitment, intensive communication, mutual attitude. The difficulties faced are financial, trust, communication, cooperation and sexual needs.
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Parkinson, Debra, Alyssa Duncan, Jaspreet Kaur, Frank Archer, and Caroline Spencer. "Gendered aspects of long-term disaster resilience in Victoria, Australia." January 2022 10.47389/37, no. 37.1 (January 2022): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47389/37.1.59.
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Research conducted in 2018 documented the disaster experiences of 56 women and men in Australia aged between 18 and 93 years. This paper draws out the gendered factors that affected their resilience, and in so doing, begins to address the dearth of research related to gendered aspects of long-term disaster resilience. It is unique in capturing the voices of survivors who spoke of events 9 years after the 2009 Black Saturday fires and of earlier fires and floods in Victoria more than 50 years ago, including the 1983 Ash Wednesday fires. Over decades, gendered expectations of men and women significantly hindered resilience. Men spoke of the long-term cost to them of demands to ‘be strong’ in the worst of disasters and reasons they were reluctant to seek help afterwards. Women spoke of their contributions holding a lesser value and of discrimination. Discussions of violence against women and children after disaster, and suicide ideation in anticipation of future disasters offered critical insights. Protective factors identified by informants were not wholly intrinsic to their character but were also physical, such as essential resources provided in the immediate aftermath, and psychological and community support offered in the long-term. Factors that helped resilience departed from the ‘masculine’ model of coping post-disaster by moving away from a refusal to admit trauma and suffering, to community-wide resilience bolstered by widespread emotional, social and psychological support. Genuine community planning for disasters before they strike builds trust and offers insights for emergency management planners.
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Kim, ByungJik, and MyungHo Chung. "Harmonizing dependency and independence." Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology 25, no. 2 (May 31, 2012): 453–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24230/kjiop.v25i2.453-476.
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Transformational leadership produces ambidextrous effects: followers' dependence on leaders and independent competence. These two effects represent affective and cognitive aspects of psychological process in the functioning of transformational leadership. This study examined the mediating role of trust and perceived control as the link between transformational leadership and organizational commitment. With analysis of data from 1,136 employees using structural equation modeling(SEM), we tested the hypothetical model explaining the structural relationships among the variables and interpreted the fitness and robustness of the suggested model. The results showed that (1) trust partially mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational commitment, and (2) the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational commitment was also partially mediated by perceived control. The results suggest that transformational leaders need to harmonize both dependency and independence of followers. The implications and the directions for future studies were also discussed.
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Yakovlev, V. V., and T. K. Ektova. "PERSONAL FEATURES OF ADHERENCE TO TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH DISEASES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM." PERSONALITY IN A CHANGING WORLD: HEALTH, ADAPTATION, DEVELOPMENT 8, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 418–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.23888/humj20204418-426.
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The article examines the personal characteristics of patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system (ischemic heart disease and hypertensive heart disease) in connection with the formation of adherence to treatment. The study identified personal factors interrelated with various aspects of adherence, which are considered in line with the author's approach (awareness, medical trust, health-preserving behavior). Thus, the personality factors that favor the effective awareness of the patient about the lifestyle and therapy are high self-control, sensitivity, flexibility and social courage, while dominance acts as a psychological barrier in this regard. The formation of trust is positively associated with a high standard of behavior, diplomacy and self-control, and negatively with non-conformism. The behavioral aspect of adherence is determined by emotional stability, low anxiety and, in part, intelligence. At the same time, expressiveness and independence have a negative relationship with this component. Differences were found in the mean values on the adherence scale in men and women, as well as in samples of patients with different nosologies. The hypothesis of differences in the distribution of types of attitudes towards the disease in patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease was confirmed.
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Khotimah, Fitriana Khusnul, Dini Rakhmawati, and Chr Argo Widiharto. "Pengalaman Seks Pranikah : Studi Fenomenologis Pada Mahasiswa." Indonesian Journal of Guidance and Counseling: Theory and Application 8, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ijgc.v8i2.35729.
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Penelitian ini didasari oleh adanya perubahan konsep seks normatif menuju konsep seks modern, yang menjadikan seks pranikah dikalangan mahasiswa di kota Semarang semakin marak. Mahasiswa yang telah melakukan hubungan seks pranikah memiliki pengalaman psikologis yang berbeda seperti perasaan bersalah, takut ditinggalkan pasangannya dan menganggap perilaku tersebut sudah biasa, perbedaan tersebut menjadi menarik untuk diketahui. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan Interpretative Penomenological Analysis (IPA). Pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam terhadap 5 partisipan yang terdiri dari 2 pria dan 3 wanita. Pengalaman seks pranikah pertama mahasiswa dapat diidentifikasi ada 3 aspek yaitu aspek psikologis, aspek fisik, dan aspek moral. Pada aspek moral terdapat kesamaan pada partisipan laki-laki dan wanita yaitu muncul perasaan bersalah karena telah mengingkari kepercayaan orang tua, perasaan berdosa kepada Tuhan. Pada aspek psikologis, partisipan pria merasa seks merupakan pencapaian prestasi, dan petualangan. Partisipan wanita menganggap seks adalah luapan emosional akan keinginan yang terpendam. Seks bagi partisipan laki-laki membuat badan menjadi lebih segar, orgasme, dan otot-otot menjadi rileks setelah berhubungan seks, sedangkan pada partisipan wanita muncul rasa sakit dibagian vagina.
This research is based on a change in the concept of normative sex to the concept of modern sex, which makes premarital sex among students in the city of Semarang more widespread. Students who have had premarital sex have different psychological experiences such as feelings of guilt, fear of being abandoned by their partners and consider such behaviors to be normal, these differences become interesting to know. The research method used is qualitative research with the Interpretative Penomenological Analysis (IPA) approach. Data collected in-depth interviews with 5 participants consisting of 2 men and 3 women. The first premarital sex experience of students can be identified as 3 aspects, namely psychological aspects, physical aspects, and moral aspects. In the moral aspect, there are similarities in male and female participants, which was a feeling of guilt because they have guilt the trust of parents, a feeling of sin in God. On the psychological aspect, male participants feel sex is an achievement and adventure. Female participants consider sex to be an emotional overflow of latent desires. Sex for male participants makes the body become fresher, orgasm, and relaxed, whereas female participants appear in the vaginal pain.
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Laba, Suzanne Cataldi. "Trust and Truth in Shutter Island." Film-Philosophy 23, no. 3 (October 2019): 351–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/film.2019.0120.
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This article examines questions of trust in cinema through the lens of Shutter Island (Martin Scorsese, 2010). With its self-referential allusion to the mechanical “eye” of a camera, a stage-managed fantasy embedded within its plot and image of a dark lighthouse, Shutter Island explores its spectators' and its own cinematic sense of suspicion. The plot revolves around a protagonist who has locked himself out of certain memories and into a fantasy world. The article links pathological and therapeutic aspects of trust with interpersonal and institutional trust issues in ways that blur distinctions between trusting others and trusting oneself, and shows how reliant each is on the other. Construing trust as a type of participant attitude and highlighting techniques used to render it cinematically, the article tracks its emergence and erosion, both in terms of the diegesis and its bearing on film spectatorship. As a post-classical commentary on film-making, Shutter Island is viewed as intricately exemplifying what Robert Sinnerbrink (2016) describes as an action-driven film with “a highly reflective consciousness of cinematic spectatorship” (p. 70), as well as what Thomas Elsaesser (2009) describes as a “mind-game film”. To make sense of its ending, which may strike viewers as baffling and unnerving, and show how the protagonist's seemingly irrational decision is part of its film-philosophical point, traumatic disturbances in subjectivity and “monstrosities” depicted in the film are linked to Jean Epstein's notion of “something monstrous” in cinematic imagery. The protagonist's deliberately chosen fate is interpreted as a reparative gesture, expressing a desire for psychological healing and a way of helping him to marshal and recover a semblance of moral order and integrity under demoralizing circumstances.
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Poroli, Alessandro, and Lei Vincent Huang. "Spillover Effects of a University Crisis: A Qualitative Investigation Using Situational Theory of Problem Solving." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 95, no. 4 (June 19, 2018): 1128–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077699018783955.
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This study explores spillover effects of one university’s crisis to students from another institution employing the situational theory of problem solving. Defining crisis spillover in terms of problem and involvement recognition, findings from interviews underline organizational, psychological, and communicational aspects that affected students’ perception of the crisis and recognition of its potential spread to their university. This study also highlights how mental associations between two institutions around a critical issue may be mitigated or augmented by individuals’ memories of prior similar events affecting other organizations, recollection of how past issues were handled by their organization, and trust toward their institution.
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Javed, Mubasher, Amna Niazi, Yasuo Hoshino, Hamid Hassan, and Mujahid Hussain. "Making Leaders’ and Followers’ Relationship Sustainable: The Impact of Leaders’ Behavioral Integrity on Employees’ Voice in the Banking Sector of Pakistan." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (October 23, 2021): 11733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111733.
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The behavioural integrity of leaders is not only an individual trait that can earn them respect in their personal capacity, but it also may positively affect their followers and ultimately improve the organization’s effectiveness in a variety of ways. The relationship between behavioural integrity and employees using their voice has been studied by researchers through multiple aspects. This study brings a new perspective in this discussion by investigating the effect of leaders’ behavioural integrity on employees’ voice both directly and through the mediating roles of psychological safety and trust in the leader. The cross-sectional data of 384 employees collected from the banking sector in Pakistan is used to shed light on this new perspective in the relationship between the behavioural integrity of a leader and employees’ comportment in using their voice. The results of the empirical analyses support the direct effect of the behavioural integrity of leaders on employees’ voice. A significant mediating role of psychological safety and trust is also supported in the empirical analyses. The findings of the study bear important implications for leaders and business managers working in companies by providing insight on the importance of behavioural integrity of leaders in encouraging employees to have a voice in organizations.
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Górniak, Lech. "Kultura organizacyjna jako moderator związków pomiędzy zaufaniem organizacyjnym a jego determinantami i następstwami." Nierówności społeczne a wzrost gospodarczy 65, no. 1 (2021): 169–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/nsawg.2021.1.10.
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The paper includes analysis of the results of field studies conducted among employees of 20 organizations (N=601). The analyses were aimed at determining the impact of organizational culture has on the relationships between the “soft” (psychological and social) factors that characterize them. In particular the impact of organizational culture was considered on the relationship between the antecedents and outcomes of organizational trust. The statistical method used was moderation analysis (Hayes, 2018). The studies were based on a questionnaire that included 13 scales as measures for the variables considered. The analyses provides two main conclusions. The first is for researchers dealing with the soft aspects of the organization’s functioning, especially those related to the role of trust in the organization. The second is addressed to practitioners and relates to the quality of knowledge on employee management. The conclusion for the researchers concerns the need to take into account the specificity of a given organization when describing organizational phenomena. This concerns the tacit factors that go beyond the standard characteristics (industry type, size of the organization, number of employees, etc.), in particular those aspects of the organizational culture related to organizational trust. The failure to do so may lead to inadequate advice for executives regarding the methods used to develop the organization’s potential. The conclusion for practitioners is the need to pay attention to how employees perceive the organizational culture of their company. The omission of this fact may adversely affect the strategy of building a climate of trust, which can lead to a decrease in teamwork quality and a reduction in the superior-subordinate relationship.
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Crowe, Michael. "Couple relationship problems and sexual dysfunctions: therapeutic guidelines." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 18, no. 2 (March 2012): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.109.007443.
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SummarySex is central to most intimate relationships, and there is inevitably a two-way interaction between sex and intimacy. Sex is a physical, a psychological and an interpersonal event, and treatment of sexual problems should take account of all three aspects. Couple relationship problems that can affect sexual interaction include pervasive hostility, poor communication, lack of trust and disparate levels of sexual desire. Therapists should be able to manage therapy sessions with both partners present, without taking sides, and treating the relationship, rather than either individual, as the ‘client’. They should be able to balance the physical approach to problems with managing relationship issues and the partners' individual psychological problems. Techniques are recommended for understanding and modifying the couple relationship during therapy, as well as for dealing with specific sexual problems using a behavioural systems approach.
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Zuhroh, Siti. "MEDIASI NILAI PELANGGAN DAN KEPERCAYAAN MEREK PADA PENGARUH KEPRIBADIAN MEREK TERHADAP LOYALITAS." EKUITAS (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan) 19, no. 3 (February 2, 2017): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2015.v19.i3.1777.
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Consumer purchasing decisions are based not only on product attributes such as price, design, and product function but also on the feeling or emotion when using the product so that it will be closed between the brand and consumers who will be able to maintain long-term relationships. This research aims to develop a relationship between the brand personality, as well as putting customer value and brand trust be mediating variables. The population in this study were students Blackberry smartphone users in Malang City. The total sample of 307. The data were collected by accidental sampling techniques and processed using GSCA analysis. The results showed that the effect of Brand Personality is not positive significant on Brand Loyalty but positive significant effect on Brand Loyalty mediated by Customer Value and Brand Trust. The implications of this study is giving information for the Marketing Manager to develop a marketing strategy to build brand loyalty based on the Psychological aspects.
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Dubovskaya, Ekaterina M., and Victoria A. Baranova. "THE ATTITUDES OF TEACHERS TO THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS AND THEIR PERCEPTION OF THE SCHOOL AS FACTORS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SAFETY." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Psychology. Pedagogics. Education, no. 1 (2022): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6398-2022-1-49-62.
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The problem of psychological safety in the modern school is highly relevant at the moment, but a broad interpretation of this category requires specification. The article sets the task of identifying teachers’ attitudes towards interaction with students and teachers’ ideas about the school as a whole. This research task allows us to address the issue of psychological aspects of the safety of the educational environment from a new angle. The study is exploratory in nature. The respondents were 77 secondary school teachers with an average teaching experience of 24.2 years. The results showed that the respondents, first of all, are unanimous in their ideas about the school as an important institution of education and upbringing, with a high goal and achievement orientation, formalization and structure. Teachers are focused on maintaining a favorable climate in the children’s environment, removing conflict, supporting psychological comfort, supporting children in their endeavors and self-expression. However, the emotional side of the relationship does not occupy a dominant position, although empathy for students, trust in communicating with them, is recognized as an important component of creating a friendly atmosphere.
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Scyphers, Steven B., J. Steven Picou, and Jonathan H. Grabowski. "Chronic social disruption following a systemic fishery failure." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 46 (October 28, 2019): 22912–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1913914116.
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In the United States, the iconic groundfish fishery for Gulf of Maine cod has endured several dramatic reductions in annual catch limits and been federally declared an economic disaster. Using a repeated cross-sectional survey of fishing captains to assess potential social impacts of the fishery failure, we found that psychological distress and social disruption were pervasive throughout New England fishing communities. For instance, our results indicate that 62% of captains self-reported severe or moderate psychological distress 1 y after the crisis began, and these patterns have persisted for 5 y. Using classification tree analyses, we found that low levels of trust in fisheries management was the most powerful predictor of both initial and chronic psychological distress. Distress was most severe among individuals without income diversity and those with dependents in the household. Compared to other aspects of fisheries, measuring and managing for noneconomic social outcomes and human well-being has lagged behind, even though it is a necessary component of mitigating the adverse impacts of fisheries disruptions.
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Kessler, Sabrina Heike, Miriam S. Cano Pardo, Anna Jobin, and Fanny Georgi. "How Informed are the Swiss about Covid-19 and Prevention Measures?" European Journal of Health Communication 3, no. 3 (October 26, 2022): 118–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47368/ejhc.2022.306.
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Since the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic began, large amounts of (mis)information have been disseminated worldwide. We conducted an online survey in Switzerland (N = 1,129) in April 2021 to ask respondents which information has received too little attention in public discourse, which measures help containing coronavirus infection and Covid-19, and about subjectively perceived Covid-19 misinformation. Content analysis of the open answers revealed that vaccination and its potential side effects, aspects related to political measures, psychological and social aspects, as well as science and research topics deserved more attention in the eyes of the respondents, mostly from politics or media. The most frequently mentioned effective measures were social distancing, wearing masks, general hygiene, and vaccination. Notably, the number of measures mentioned was related to the degree to which the pandemic affected individuals subjectively, trust in public institutions, and their individual level of science-related populism. Swiss residents with less trust in public institutions and who consume less news media on Covid-19 are more likely to believe misinformation on (in)effective measures against the virus. Most respondents encountered Covid-19 misinformation and could name examples, including sources. Education and information use affect the frequency of subjectively encountered misinformation. More highly educated people can name more misinformation instances encountered than less educated people.
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Morozova-Larina, Olha, and Veronika Kornitska. "ATTITUDES TO VACCINATION: SOCIOCULTURAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTEXT." PSYCHOLOGICAL JOURNAL 8, no. 1 (57) (January 30, 2022): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/1.2022.8.1.7.
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In the article, theoretically-empirically analyzes of the correlation of indecision regarding vaccination and social-cultural factors are conducted. The analyses of recent researches point out at spread of indecision regarding immunization against different infectious decisions, including Covid-19. This attitude is created by diverse causes/aspects such as own persuasions, mistrust of government, development of conspiracy theories. In the article, reasons for the emergence of indecisiveness are analyzed, the existing methodologies concerning the issue are considered, and the perspective of the investigation is proposed. The study showed the following results: 30% (n = 80) of the respondents were vaccinated, and 66.3% (n = 177) were not. At the same time, 55.2% (n = 142) consider the threat from Covid-19 as serious. Also, most of the respondents (n = 167) have a positive attitude towards vaccination and are mainly supporters of progressive values (equality of minorities, tolerance towards the LGBT community, etc.). In addition, respondents who see Covid-19 as a serious threat have a positive attitude towards vaccination (p = 0.370). Summing up, the main reason for the hesitation of vaccination is adherence to traditional values. This includes religiosity, family relationships, and parent-child relationships. The main category of these subjects are people aged 25+. Also, in general, the subjects do not trust the authorities and consider their steps regarding Covid-19 to be ineffective. Perhaps this is also one of the defining points in the formation of attitudes towards vaccination, because most of the sample has a positive attitude towards vaccination, but has not decided on this step yet.
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Martynova, Marina D. "“Digital trust” vs “Distrust” in the Formation of Social Relations and Practices of Glocal Society." Humanitarian: actual problems of the humanities and education 20, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 445–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2078-9823.052.020.202004.445-453.
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Introduction. The individual’s application of established social practices in the digital environment faces certain difficulties caused by the wide opportunities for “honest” and “dishonest” behavior on the Internet. The high level of trust in digital technologies and the possibility of manipulating personal data, the desire to rely on “expert opinion” and unreliable information, the social need for communication and the illusion of communication in social networks, as well as other dilemmas of relationships in the digital world and operating with big data create a sense of uncertainty, instability and disunity in the perception of digital reality. The purpose of the article is to identify social and ethical aspects of trust phenomenon as an attitude of consciousness, obstacles to digital trust and identify ways to develop it. Materials and Methods. The interdisciplinary approach based on ethics of information technology, sociology, and communication theory allows us to analyze the formation of new social practices and interpret the development of a person’s value attitude to new realities of life. Research result. The following areas of actualization of the concept of “trust” in the digital world are identified as trust in data and algorithms, trust in “digital subject”, “Internet of trust” as a space of obligations and rules. The formation of the “Internet of trust” is associated with awareness of all social, moral and psychological problems associated with the process of combining online and offline environments in the social practice of an individual, where new forms of applying traditional standards of behavior should be found. Discussion and Conclusion. Postponing the rational risk analysis of digital interaction by an individual “for later” provokes the creation of situations that are critical for the individual’s well-being and security. The costs of digital trust are reduced security and creation of “traps” in public relations and social practices. Digital environment creates a situation of vulnerability of an individual, which encourages him to resort to possible measures of protection. In turn, the “Internet of trust” as a new digital reality is absolutely necessary for the effective functioning and further development of society.
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Hreilikh, Olga O., and Natalia O. Vydolob. "Psychological Features of Pedagogical Interaction in the “Teacher-Student” System." Scientific Bulletin of Mukachevo State University. Series «Pedagogy and Psychology» 7, no. 3 (September 9, 2021): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.52534/msu-pp.7(3).2021.78-86.
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The relevance of the chosen topic is determined by the importance of interaction between teachers and students in modern higher education, as well as the need to cover the psychological features of such interaction from the point of view of developing a qualitative assessment of their role and place in the educational process of a higher educational institution. The purpose of the study is to formulate psychological aspects of “teacher-student” communication within the educational space to identify methods of its regulation. The leading approach of the research is a combination of theoretical analysis of the main aspects of pedagogical interaction between teachers and students in an educational institution taking into account the main functions and tasks of each of the groups under consideration and structural synthesis of the features of this type of interaction based on psychological factors of communication on the scale of a higher educational institution. The research considers issues related to the psychological features of pedagogical interaction between teachers and students in modern higher education. Qualitative indicators of communicative relations of subjects of the educational process, in particular teachers and students, are determined. The key psychological features of pedagogical interaction in the “teacherstudent” system are highlighted, including the development of trust in the authority of the teacher, taking into account students' individual factors in the process of studying subjects within the programme, maintaining a positive psychological climate in subject-subject relations. The necessity of developing a qualitative assessment of the level of communication between teachers and students as an objective factor for further assessment of the overall level of their pedagogical interaction effectiveness and the psychological characteristics of each of the groups under consideration is emphasised. The results and conclusions of the research are of practical value both for modern applicants for higher education and for representatives of the teaching staff of modern higher educational institutions concerned with the problems of building high-quality communication among each other, taking into account the individual characteristics and qualities of each group
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Caspi, Eilon. "Trust at stake: Is the “dual mission” of the U.S. Alzheimer’s Association out of balance?" Dementia 18, no. 5 (August 25, 2017): 1629–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1471301217719789.
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The official vision of the U.S. Alzheimer’s Association is “A world without Alzheimer’s disease.” The “dual mission” of the organization is “to eliminate Alzheimer’s disease through the advancement of research and to enhance care and support for individuals, their families and caregivers.” Using numerous reports from leading researchers and practitioners, a case is made by which the “dual mission” is grossly unbalanced with predominant focus on biomedical research aimed at curing the disease compared to research and practices focused on the psycho-social impacts of and adaptations to living with it. These experts discuss the likelihood of curing the disease, the complexity of realizing this goal, and the urgent need to “bring back the social and psychological aspects” of living with dementia to center stage. The moral responsibility to balancing the “dual mission” in accordance with the original motivation of the grassroots organizations who formed the association in 1980 is discussed.
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Hoffman, Edward, Jenniffer Gonzalez-Mujica, Catalina Acosta-Orozco, and William C. Compton. "The Psychological Benefits of Receiving Real-Life Altruism." Journal of Humanistic Psychology 60, no. 2 (February 24, 2017): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022167817690280.
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This study investigates the impact of receiving real-life altruism on such positive attitudinal aspects as empathy, optimism, and motivation to help others. A mixed convenience/snowball sample of 148 participants (79 men, 67 women, 2 gender unknown), responded to an online questionnaire. Most were between 21 and 40 years of age, and had at least a college degree; all but eight were born in Venezuela, and the remainder were from other Hispanic/Latino countries. Participants were asked to describe an experience in which they had received unexpected altruism and rate its impact on their subsequent view of life. They were also asked to rate its effect on their optimism about human nature, trust in social relationships, appreciation for life, sense of gratitude, self-esteem, sense of being valued by others, empathy for others, motivation to help others, energy and enthusiasm in general, and religious faith. A total of 64.2% reported an unexpected altruistic experience. Of those, almost 75% reported the experience changed their view of life at least “strongly” and only 4.2% stated that it had little or no effect. The intensity of their change in life view correlated significantly with all 10 dependent variables except for gratitude. Women were significantly more likely to report that their experience boosted their gratitude for others, and participants whose altruistic experiences were attitudinally more life-changing were significantly more likely to indicate that religion was very important to them. The implications of these findings for understanding the psychological benefits of altruistic experience are discussed and avenues for future research are suggested.
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Ovsiannikova, Yanina, Svitlana Liebiedieva, Diana Pokhilko, Nataliia Onishchenko, Liydmila Gontarenko, and Yurii Shyrobokov. "The Modern Approach to Rapport Building with Children Affected by Crisis Events." BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience 12, no. 4 (December 20, 2021): 532–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/brain/12.4/263.
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The article is dedicated to the problem of providing an opportune psychological aid to children who were affected by crisis events. Observation, surveys, conservation were used as the methods of the study. The article emphasizes that the rapport building with children and their parents is one of the first and basic steps to provide psychological help. In order to develop the effective psychological methods and techniques of working with children who were affected by crisis events, scientific works of Ukrainian and foreign scientists were analysed. Therefore, the positive regard, emergence of interest and topic of conservation were determined as essential aspects of any rapport establishing. As well as, the main goals of the rapport building are the abatement of emotional tension and mutual trust development. As a consequence of the study, two stages of the child-psychologist interaction were determined. The first is providing the sense of safety and the second is direct interaction with a child. Also, some rapport building techniques for children of different ages were proposed in the article. These techniques should be used only individually for each specific case. In addition, the rapport building is determined as an inalienable condition of any effective further treatment.