Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Trust – Psychological aspects'

Globalization has had a profound impact on the business environment of organizations and on the lives of employees in most countries. Previously sheltered markets were suddenly opened up to intense international competition. Organizations had to improve the efficient and effective utilization of resources to retain and gain market shares. Even organizations which are still prospering today in the face of serious competition, cannot be sure of continued success in the next financial year. Astute owners and managers are acutely aware of the need to continually and consciously seek the competitive edge for their businesses. Market forces exert continuous pressure on organizations and their employees to increase performance to keep up with ever rising demands. Concurrently there are rising pressures from civil society, easily mobilized through social media, for organizational leaders to be more ethical, moral and socially responsible. Employers are currently expected to not only take care of the wellbeing of their employees, but also the wellbeing of the communities in which they operate. The challenge is clearly to find a business model that can increase individual and organizational performance, while at the same time create high levels of wellbeing for employees and thereby creating a spill-over effect to influence the wellbeing of their social environment positively. To this end, the literature was reviewed to identify constructs which could provide a solid ethical and moral managerial foundation, increase performance and create high levels of wellbeing at the same time. Servant Leadership, Workplace Trust, Work Engagement and Workplace Wellbeing were identified as constructs which could fulfill these requirements. As measurement lies at the heart of scientific endeavour, the selection of appropriate measuring instruments was considered to be equally important. The Servant Leadership Survey (Van Dierendonck and Nuijten, 2011), the Workplace Trust Survey (Ferres, 2001), the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (Schaufeli et al, 2002) and the Work Wellbeing Questionnaire (Parker and Hyett, 2011) were selected as the most suitable instruments. These instruments are deemed to measure the constructs thoroughly through a combined total of 114 items and 18 dimensions. Three primary aims were identified for the study namely, determining the configurational portability of the instruments, investigating the relationships between the variables to determine their direct and sequential effect on wellbeing and establishing whether structural models of the findings could be built. The main findings indicate that each of the variables explain significant proportions of the variance in Work Wellbeing directly as well as indirectly through their effect on the other variables of the study. It seems that these variables contribute to fostering a psycho-organizational climate conducive to increased wellbeing.

This thesis aimed to investigate the concepts oftrust and forgiveness, in the context of post-conflict reconciliation in Northern Ireland. Chapter 1 gives an overview of the historical background ofthe conflict in Northern Ireland, the current situation in terms of the divided relationship between the Catholic and Protestant communities and argues that reconciliation initiatives need to encompass social, psychological and emotional aspects of the conflict. Chapter 2 outlines the theoretical framework for the empirical research in the following chapters. Social-psychological theories of conflict are discussed, with particular emphasis on the social identity perspective. These theories are then applied to the conflict, intergroup relations and reconciliation in Northern Ireland. The concepts oftrust and forgiveness are defined and conceptualised from this theoretical background. Chapters 3, 4 and 5 present empirical research which investigates aspects of trust and forgiveness in the context ofNorthern Ireland. Studies 1 and 2 examined the evaluation of the extension oftrust and distrust to the outgroup, in relation to level ofthreat to one's community and strength of group identification. The findings from Studies 1 and 2 demonstrate that group identification is a predictor of evaluations of the extension of trust or distrust toward the outgroup under high! low threat; the extension of distrust toward the outgroup elicited a greater negative evaluation in terms of damage to intergroup relations than the extension of trust. Study 3 investigated the mediating role of group-level forgiveness and guilt in the relationship between victirnhood, exposure to violence and group identity, on the one hand, and mild psychiatric morbidity on the other. Results from Study 3 suggest that forgiveness and guilt can act as mediators in the relationship between impact of ethno-political conflict and mental health, at the group-level. Studies 4, 5 and 6 investigated the mediators o(the relationship between cross-community contact (in the form of cross-group friendship) and ingroup identification on the one hand, and intergroup forgiveness and outgroup trust on the other. Together results from these studies showed that collective guilt, perspective-taking and empathic affect mediate the relationship between cross-group friendship and group identification on the one hand, and intergroup forgiveness and outgroup trust, on the other. Together, the findings from this thesis further our knowledge of the concepts of trust and forgiveness in the context ofconflict and reconciliation in Northern Ireland. Extensions of distrust to the outgroup were evaluated as damaging to intergroup relations between the two communities. Forgiveness was found to mediate the relationship between exposure to the conflict and well-being. Crossgroup friendship, group identification, collective guilt, perspective-taking and empathic affect were found to be important predictors and mediators of outgroup trust and intergroup forgiveness. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings for intergroup relations are discussed, along with directions for future research in this area.

The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between drugs of choice that family members abused and the non-addicted family member's levels of self-disclosure, self-disclosure avoidance, and trust.

In economic games the facial attributes of counterparts bias decisions to trust and decisions to enter play. We report research supporting hypotheses that trust and reciprocation decisions in trust games are biased by mechanisms of sexual selection. Hypotheses that trust game behaviour is modulated by inter-sexual competition were supported. 1) Attractive individuals elicit more cooperation. 2) Male participants display trust and reciprocation toward attractive female counterparts in excess of perceived trustworthiness (and this display is modulated by male self-reported physical dominance). 3) Female participants appear to respond to male trust as a signal of sexual interest and are therefore more likely to exploit the trust of attractive males. 4) In explicitly dating contexts females are more likely to prefer attractive males to pay for the meal. These results indicate that participants are biased by mate choice and mating display considerations while playing economic games in the lab. Hypotheses that trust game behaviour is modulated by intra-sexual competition for resources were also somewhat supported. 1) Male participants reporting an ability to win fights with same-sex peers are more exploitative of other males. 2) Cues to current circulating testosterone level in counterpart’s faces are less trusted but elicit more reciprocation. 3) The male sexually dimorphic trait facial width-to-height ratio (a trait which is related to both aggression and dominance) is related to an increased proportion of decisions to exploit others in the trust game while also being used by others as a cue to untrustworthiness. We conclude that trusting and trustworthy behaviour in both sexes is biased by mating market considerations predicted by intra- and inter-sexual selection.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.
Ute Fischer, Committee Member ; Jerry R. Duncan, Committee Member ; Gregory Corso, Committee Member ; Wendy A. Rogers, Committee Member ; Arthur D. Fisk, Committee Chair.

Thesis (M.S.)--Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005.
Dr. Arthur D. Fisk, Committee Chair ; Dr. Wendy A. Rogers, Committee Member ; Dr. Gregory M. Corso, Committee Member. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (MCom)--Stellenbosch University, 2015
ENGLISH ABSTRACT :This study arose due to the costly and harmful effect that negative behaviours have on organisations and society alike. This study is therefore undertaken to understand the determinants of these negative behaviours as well as to identify constructs that can defer these types of behaviour. The aim of the study was to study the constructs that is expected to significantly affect the occurrence of counterproductive workplace behaviours (CWB) in South African organisations. Therefore the purpose was to investigate the relationship between leader integrity, ethical leadership, interactional justice, leader trust and CWB. A theoretical model was subsequently developed to explain the structural relationships between the latent variables and counterproductive behaviours. Propositions were formulated regarding the postulated relationships found between these variables in the literature study. These hypotheses were tested to determine the validity of these propositions to subsequently test the proposed structural model. The sample encompassed employees from four organisations in the Western Cape. The respondents completed the Leader Trust Scale (LTS), the Justice Scale, Leadership of Ethics Scale (LES), Ethical Integrity Test (EIT) and the Deviance Scale. The proposed hypotheses and structural model were empirically tested by means of Partial Least Squares Analysis (PLS). These analyses included reliability analysis to determine the reliability of all the measurement scales. Satisfactorily reliability were found for all measurement scales. The structural model and the hypothesised relationships were analysed by means of the PLS path coefficients, R Square values and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. The results indicated that support could be found for the relationship between leader integrity and ethical leadership, leader integrity and interactional justice, leader integrity and leader trust, ethical leadership and interactional justice, and leader trust and interactional justice. Only partial support was found for the relationship between ethical leadership and leader trust, leader trust and CWB, interactional justice and CWB, ethical leadership and CWB and leader integrity and CWB. Subsequently conclusions were made from the results as well as recommendations made for future research.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING : Hierdie studie het ontstaan as gevolg van die duur en skadelike effek wat negatiewe gedrag op beide organisasies en die samelewing het. Die studie is dus uitgevoer om die oorsake van hierdie negatiewe gedrag te begryp sowel as om konstrukte te identifiseer om hierdie tipes gedrag uit te skakel. Die doel van die studie was om konstrukte te ondersoek wat waarskynlik ‘n substansiële invloed op die verskynsel van teenproduktiewe gedrag in organisasies in Suid-Afrika kan hê. Die doel was dus om die verband tussen leier-integriteit, etiese leierskap, interaksionele geregtigheid, leier-vertroue en teenproduktiewe gedrag te ondersoek. ‘n Teoretiese model is ontwikkel om die strukturele verband tussen die latente veranderlikes en teenproduktiewe gedrag te verduidelik. Hipoteses is geformuleer rakende die gepostuleerde verwantskappe tussen hierdie veranderlikes soos in die literatuurstudie geïdentifiseer. Hierdie hipoteses is getoets om die geldigheid van hierdie proposisies te bepaal om uiteindelik die voorgestelde strukturele model te toets. Die steekproef is saamgestel uit werknemers van vier organisasies in die Wes-Kaap. Die proefpersone het die Leader Trust Scale (LTS), die Justice Scale, die Leadership of Ethics Scale (LES), die Ethical Integrity Test (EIT) en die Deviance Scale voltooi. Die voorgestelde hipoteses en strukturele model is empiries getoets deur middel van Partial Least Squares (PLS) ontleding. Hierdie analises sluit in ‘n betroubaarheidsanalise om die betroubaarheid van die metingskale te bepaal. Bevredigende betroubaarheid is vir al die metingskale gevind. Die strukturele model en die gepostuleerde hipoteses is ontleed deur middel van PLS path coefficients, R Square values en Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. Die resultate het aangedui dat ondersteuning gevind is vir die verband tussen leier-integriteit en etiese leierskap, leier-integriteit en interaksionele geregtigheid, leier-integriteit en leier-vertroue, etiese leierskap en interaksionele geregtigheid, en leier-vertroue en interaksionele geregtigheid. Slegs gedeeltelike ondersteuning is gevind vir die verband tussen etiese leierskap en leier-vertroue, leier-vertroue en teenproduktiewe gedrag, interaksionele geregtigheid en teenproduktiewe gedrag, etiese leierskap en teenproduktiewe gedrag, en leier-integriteit en teenproduktiewe gedrag. Daarna is afleidings gemaak op grond van die resultate, sowel as aanbevelings gemaak vir toekomstige navorsing.

The effects of divorce on trust in intimate heterosexual relationships were investigated using a sample of 478 college students (156 males, 322 females). Subjects were asked to respond to scenarios and questionnaires assessing parental marital status, just world beliefs, parental conflict, and trust. Attitudes toward divorce and common problems were also assessed.

Financial contagion, in this study, refers to spreading of crisis across markets in different locations. The observable consequence is usually in the form of increase in co-movement of asset prices in two markets after a crisis event. The causes of financial contagion have been studied for over twenty years, however, up till now, results have been mixed. One unsettled issue is whether market fundamentals alone can explain financial contagion. Pure fundamental based explanation suggests that the financial, economic and trade linkages are solely responsible for the transmission of crisis across markets. On the other hand, the behavioral finance researchers propose that herding behavior also plays an important role in explaining financial contagion. This issue cannot be easily resolved since it is difficult to empirically distinguish linkage effect and herding behavior. This thesis contributes to this unresolved issue by examining financial contagion in the stock market and indirect real estate market. In the stock market, both fundamental linkages and herding are likely to exist. However some securities are less prone to herding than others. Herding across international markets is likely to be less serious when there is less information asymmetry between investors and management. In addition, compared with foreign investors, local investors are more confident in the link between market fundamentals and the corresponding securities. Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) are likely to suffer from less information asymmetry problem since the REITs market has more stringent regulatory requirements for information disclosure. Furthermore, the pricing of real estate asset, the main type of assets held by the REITs, often requires local knowledge. Local investors investing in REITs are less likely to mimic the investor behavior in another overseas REITs market. Listed property companies also share some similarities with REITs, although they are less immune to herding compared with REITs as information disclosure is less stringent for listed property companies. Since the asset prices of real estate are affected by the economic performance, fundamental linkages amongst all indirect real estate still likely to exist and are similar to other types of listed companies. If market fundamental is the only source of financial contagion (i.e. no herding), financial contagion in the global stock and indirect real estate markets should be similar. This thesis uses the 2008 global financial crisis (GFC) as the crisis event to examine financial contagion across the world’s major equity markets. Our empirical results show that financial contagion is stronger in the entire stock markets than in the indirect real estate markets and that financial contagion is the weakest in the REITs markets, which support the herding behavior hypothesis and reject the pure fundamental explanation. This reasoning does not require indirect real estate to be totally immune from herding. All that is needed is that indirect real estate is less prone to herding compared with the common stocks. Herding behavior can be rational or irrational. The latter refers to revision of asset prices by following the pricing behavior of other markets irrespective of market fundamentals. Our empirical evidence cannot reject irrational herding behavior in the indirect real estate market since contagion effect becomes stronger when windows of observations are lengthened. That is when more time was allowed for investors to react to the pricing behaviors in other markets, financial contagion became stronger. However, no similar results were found in the stock market. This impl\ies that compared with the indirect real estate market, herding is more serious in the stock market but such herding is also more rational than that in the indirect real estate market.
published_or_final_version
Real Estate and Construction
Master
Master of Philosophy

Este trabalho aborda a estretégia de retenção de clientes por meio da prática do marketing de relacionamento no contexto do varejo e serviços de uma concessionária de veículos. Mais especificamente, a Passion Automóveis Ltda., concessionária da marca Peugeot, para as cidades de Bento Gonçalves/RS e Caxias do Sul/RS. O modelo teórico proposto por Sirdeshmukh, Singh e Sabol (2002) e suas respectivas hipóteses é utilizado para verificar o entendimento das práticas e comportamentos confiáveis percebidos nos prestadores de serviços e que constroem ou exaurem a confiança do consumidor e os mecanismos para converter a confiança do consumidor em termos de valor e lealdade em trocas relacionais. Para tanto, utilizou-se de uma amostra estratificada da população de pesquisa que totalizou 235 respondentes, e os dados foram coletados através de três formas de pesquisas: (i) entrevista por telefone assistida por computador; (ii) survey por correspondência; e (iii) survey eletrônica. O modelo utilizado (i) apresenta uma conceituação multidimensional para a construção de confiança; (ii) incorpora duas facetas distintas de confiança do consumidor, ou seja, os funcionários da linha de frente e as políticas e práticas gerenciais; e (iii) especifica o valor como um mediador entre a confiança e a lealdade nos relacionamentos. Os dados foram avaliados através da análise de estatística multivariada de dados, utilizando a técnica de Modelagem de Equações Estruturais, e os resultados apóiam uma visão tri-dimensional das avaliações da confiança ao longo da competência operacional, da benevolência operacional e da orientação para solução de problemas. Além disso, foi encontrado evidências de contingente relações assimétricas entre as dimensões de confiabilidade na confiança dos consumidores. Para as políticas e práticas gerenciais, benevolentes práticas demonstraram um efeito de "negatividade" dominante (isto é, uma unidade de desempenho negativa tem um efeito mais forte do que uma unidade de desempenho positivo), para o pessoal de linha de frente, comportamentos orientados para solução de problemas do consumidor demonstraram um efeito de "positividade" dominante. O valor teve suporte estatístico para mediar parcialmente às facetas da confiança e a lealdade do consumidor. A faceta da confiança no pessoa de linha de frente teve um papel crítico em relação à faceta da confiança nas políticas e práticas gerenciais na lealdade do consumidor, evidenciando a confiança como unidimensional como antecedente da lealdade.
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This work discusses the strategy of customer retention through the practice of relationship marketing in the context of retail services at the car dealership. More specifically, the Passion Automóveis Ltda., Peugeot concessionaire for the cities of Bento Gonçalves/RS and Caxias do Sul/RS. The proposed framework by Sirdeshmukh, Singh and Sabol (2002) and their assumptions are used to check the understanding of practices and behaviors perceived to reliable service and that build or deplete consumer trust and the mechanisms to convert trust consumer in terms of value and loyalty in relational exchanges. To this end, we used a stratified sample of the population reserach which totaled 235 respondents, and data were collected from three types of searches: (i) telephone interview, computer-assisted, (ii) a survey by mail, and (iii) electronic survey. The model used (i) uses a multidimensional conceptualization for the trustworthiness construct; (ii) incorporates two distinct facets of consumer trust, namely, frontline employees and management policies and practices; and (iii) specifies value as a key mediator of the trust-loyalty relationship. The data were evaluated by analysis of multivariate data, using the technique of Structural Equation Modeling, and the results support a tripartide view of trustworthiness evaluations along operational competence, operational benevolence, and problem-solving orientation dimensions. Moreover, these works find evidence of contingent asymmetric relationship between trustworthiness dimension and consumer trust. For management policies and practices, benevolent behaviors demonstrate a dominant "negativity" effect (i.e., a unit negative performance has a stronger effect than a unit positive performance), for front-line employees, behavior oriented for problem-solving consumer demonstrated an effect of "positive" ruling. The value have statistical support to partially mediate the facets of trust in on consumer loyalty. The aspect of confidence in the personal front line played a critical role in relation to the aspect of trust policies and management practices in loyalty, showing the trust as one-dimensional as an antecedent of loyalty.

A Dissertation submitted to the Psychology Department, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfillment of the course of the Degree of Bachelor of Arts with Masters in Industrial Psychology.
The aim of this research was to, firstly, explore the relationship between psychological contract breach and organisational commitment, and to examine the extent to which trust mediates this relationship. Secondly, the research aimed to develop and validate a scale to measure psychological contract breach. Data was collected from a large organisation that had completed nation-wide retrenchments. The quantitative sample population consisted of 84 employees in the organisation, while 10 members of the organisation were interviewed to obtain qualitative information. A cross-sectional design was used and data was collected by means of questionnaires and interviews. The process of triangulation was used to provide a deeper understanding of the relationship being assessed. The psychological contract breach scale was analysed by means of a factor analysis and was found to be valid, and the reliability was found to be satisfactory. The results of the study showed that there is a negative relationship between psychological contract breach and organisational commitment and that trust does not appear to mediate this relationship. Explanations for the findings are offered, and the theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed. Finally, limitations of this study and directions for future research are presented.
Andrew Chakane 2018

The researcher explored interpersonal trust (a construct from the fields of psychology and sociometry) in the context of engineering work groups. The study explored the potential antecedents of trust and the relationships among trust, creativity, communication, emotional empathy and positive affect. The study attempts to argue that 1) trust is deeply involved in the neurological development of humans from a very early age, 2) the level of trust is an important factor in the development of a person's emotional experience, 3) an individual's level of trust can improve with experience, 4) higher levels of trust can streamline task team performance, especially when creativity and communication are important, and 5) in industries that use task teams and that require innovation, high levels of interpersonal trust can be a source of competitive advantage. Analysis of the literature of social and industrial psychology leads to the hypothesis that trust is positively and significantly correlated with creativity, communication, emotional empathy and positive affect. Sociometric survey research of engineers (n=43) employed at a medical device manufacturing company fails to show support for this hypothesis.
Graduation date: 1998

Text in Afrikaans
'n Ondersoek is onderneem om vas te stel watter invloed skofwerk op ouerkindverhoudinge het. 'n Literatuurstudie is uitgevoer om die invloed van skofwerk op mense en gesinsfunksies te bepaal. Vraelyste ten opsigte van die ouer-kindverhouding en gesinskommunikasie is geïdentifiseer en aangepas. Uit die resultate van die empiriese ondersoek is geen beduidende verskil gevind in die globale verhouding tussen ouers en kinders by gesinne waar ouers skofte werk en gesinne waar ouers nie skofte werk nie. 'n Beduidende verski1 in die kenverhouding tussen ouers en kinders bet voorgekom. Daar is bevind dat ouer adolessente 'n swakker gesags- en vertrouensverhouding met bulle ouers het as jonger adolessente in gesinne waar die ouers skofte werk. Opvoedkundige implikasies van die bevindinge is bespreek. Riglyne vir die verbetering van die ken-, vertrouens- en gesagsverhouding tussen ouers en kinders is aan ouers en onderwysers gestel. Laastens is voorstelle vir verdere navorsing gemaak. An investigation was wtdertaken to detennine the intluence of shift work on parent~ child relationships. A literature study was done to detennine the influence of shift work on people and family functions. Questionnaires dealing with the parent-child relationship and family communication were identified and adapted. According to the results of the empirical investigation no significant differences were found in general parent-child relationships between families where parents work shifts and families where parents do not work shifts. A significant difference was found in the relationship of knowing between shift working parents and childnm. lt was foWld that older adolescents have a weaker relationship of authority and trust in families where parents work shifts. The educational implications of the findings are discussed. Guidelines for a better relationship of knowing, authority and trust between parent and child are given to parents and teachers. Lastly, suggestions for further research are made.
Educational Studies
M. Ed.(Guidance and Couselling)

Text in Afrikaans
'n Ondersoek is onderneem om vas te stel watter invloed skofwerk op ouerkindverhoudinge het. 'n Literatuurstudie is uitgevoer om die invloed van skofwerk op mense en gesinsfunksies te bepaal. Vraelyste ten opsigte van die ouer-kindverhouding en gesinskommunikasie is geïdentifiseer en aangepas. Uit die resultate van die empiriese ondersoek is geen beduidende verskil gevind in die globale verhouding tussen ouers en kinders by gesinne waar ouers skofte werk en gesinne waar ouers nie skofte werk nie. 'n Beduidende verski1 in die kenverhouding tussen ouers en kinders bet voorgekom. Daar is bevind dat ouer adolessente 'n swakker gesags- en vertrouensverhouding met bulle ouers het as jonger adolessente in gesinne waar die ouers skofte werk. Opvoedkundige implikasies van die bevindinge is bespreek. Riglyne vir die verbetering van die ken-, vertrouens- en gesagsverhouding tussen ouers en kinders is aan ouers en onderwysers gestel. Laastens is voorstelle vir verdere navorsing gemaak. An investigation was wtdertaken to detennine the intluence of shift work on parent~ child relationships. A literature study was done to detennine the influence of shift work on people and family functions. Questionnaires dealing with the parent-child relationship and family communication were identified and adapted. According to the results of the empirical investigation no significant differences were found in general parent-child relationships between families where parents work shifts and families where parents do not work shifts. A significant difference was found in the relationship of knowing between shift working parents and childnm. lt was foWld that older adolescents have a weaker relationship of authority and trust in families where parents work shifts. The educational implications of the findings are discussed. Guidelines for a better relationship of knowing, authority and trust between parent and child are given to parents and teachers. Lastly, suggestions for further research are made.
Educational Studies
M. Ed.(Guidance and Couselling)

Text in English, abstracts in English, Afrikaans and Zulu
This research endeavoured to construct a psychological framework for enhancing relational attitudes and behaviour in a South African employment relations context by investigating the relationship dynamics between individuals’ work-related perceptions (perceived organisational support and justice) and work experiences (psychological contract violation) and their relational attitudes (organisational and union commitment) and behaviour (organisational citizenship behaviour and counterproductive work behaviour) in the workplace, as moderated by their personal dispositions (individualism/collectivism) and mediated by organisational cynicism and trust. The associations between individuals’ personal (gender, age, population group and education level) and work-related (employment status, tenure, job level and union membership) characteristics and these dispositional and relational variables were also explored. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted on a purposive sample of employed students registered at a higher education institution (n = 740). Canonical correlation analysis revealed that individuals’ work-related perceptions and work experiences as well as their sense of organisational cynicism and trust were strong predictors of their attitudinal commitment towards their organisations and their organisationally directed organisational citizenship behaviour. Structural equation modelling indicated a good fit between employees’ perceptions of the quality of their social exchange relationship with their employing organisations and their trust in and cynicism towards these organisations as antecedents of relational attitudes and behaviour. Mediation analysis indicated that individuals’ work-related perceptions and work experiences influence their attitudinal commitment to their employing organisations through their sense of organisational cynicism and trust. Moderation analysis revealed that the influence of individuals’ cynicism towards their employing organisations on their attitudinal commitment is conditional upon their level of horizontal collectivism. Multiple regression analysis showed that individuals’ gender, population group, level of education and job level explain their attitudinal and behavioural reactions to work-related perceptions and work experiences. Tests for significant mean differences revealed significant differences in terms of the biographical variables. At a theoretical level, the study extended the understanding of relational attitudes and behaviour and the antecedents thereof in the workplace. At an empirical level, the study delivered an empirically tested psychological framework for enhancing relational attitudes and behaviour. At a practical level, individual and organisational interventions in terms of the psychological framework were recommended.
Met hierdie studie is gepoog om ʼn sielkundige raamwerk daar te stel wat aangewend kan word om werknemerhoudings en -gedrag in ‘n Suid-Afrikaanse arbeidsverhoudinge konteks te verbeter. Met die oog hierop is ondersoek ingestel na die verhoudingsdinamiek tussen individue se werkverwante persepsies (waargenome organisasiesteun en -geregtigheid); werksbelewenisse (skending van die sielkundige kontrak); hulle houdings (organisasie- en vakbondverbondenheid); en gedrag (organisasieburgerskapgedrag en teenproduktiewe werksgedrag) by die werkplek wat deur hulle pesoonlike ingesteldheid (individualisme/ kollektivisme) beïnvloed word en deur organisasiesinisme en -vertroue bemiddel word. Die verband tussen individue se persoonlike eienskappe (hulle geslag, ouderdom, bevolkingsgroep en opleidingsvlak), werkverwante eienskappe (hulle arbeidstatus, dienstyd, posvlak en vakbondlidmaatskap) en hierdie gesindheids- en verhoudingsveranderlikes is eweneens verken. 'n Kwantitatiewe deursneeopname is gedoen met 'n doelgerigte steekproef onder werkende studente wat by 'n hoëronderwysinstelling ingeskryf is (n = 740). 'n Kanonieke korrelasieanalise het getoon dat individue se werkverwante persepsies en belewenisse sowel as hul organisasiesinisme en -vertroue 'n goeie aanduiding was van hulle houdingsverbondenheid tot hulle organisasies en van hulle burgerskapgedrag jeens hulle organisasies. Strukturele vergelykingsmodellering het groot ooreenkomste tussen werknemers se persepsies van hoe goed hulle sosiale uitruilverhouding met hul werkgewerorganisasies is asook hul vertroue in en sinisme teenoor hierdie organisasies as antesedente van hulle houdings teenoor en gedrag in hulle organisasies aan die lig gebring. Volgens 'n bemiddelingsanalise bepaal werknemers se werkverwante persepsies en werkbelewenisse hulle verbondenheid tot hulle werkgewerorganisasie op grond van hulle organisasiesinisme en -vertroue. 'n Modereringsanalise het getoon dat die invloed wat individue se sinisme teenoor hulle werkgewerorganisasies op hulle verbondenheid het, afhanklik is van hulle vlak van horisontale kollektivisme. Voorts blyk dit uit 'n meervoudige regressieanalise dat individue se geslag, bevolkingsgroep, opleiding en posvlak hulle houding- en gedragsreaksie op werkverwante persepsies en belewenisse verduidelik. Afgesien hiervan het opvallende verskille ten opsigte van die biografiese veranderlikes danksy toetse vir beduidende gemiddeldeverskille aan die lig gekom. Op teoretiese vlak het hierdie studie die kennis van werksverwante houdings en gedrag en die antesedente daarvan in die werkplek verbeter. Op empiriese vlak het hierdie studie 'n empiries getoetste sielkundige raamwerk vir die bevordering van positiewe werksverwante houdings en -gedrag tot gevolg gehad. Op praktiese vlak is individuele en organisasie-intervensies ten opsigte van die sielkundige raamwerk aanbeveel.
Lolu cwaningo luzama ukwakha uhlaka lwezengqondo lokukhulisa indlela enhle yokucabanga nokuziphatha kumqondosizinda wezindlela zokusebenza eNingizimu Afrika ngokucubungula izinguquko ebudlelwaneni phakathi kwemibono emayelana nemisebenzi yomuntu ngamunye (ukusekela nobulungiswa kwenhlangano okucatshangelwayo) nababhekana nakho emsebenzini (ukungahlonishwa kwesivumelwano sezengqondo) nendlela yabo yokucabanga (ukuzibophezela kwenhlangano nokubumbana) nendlela yokuziphatha (indlela yokuziphatha ngokobuzwe benhlangano nendlela yokuziphatha engavumelani nokwenziwa ngemfanelo komsebenzi) emsebenzini njengoba kujivazwa yindlela bona ngokwabo abaziphethe ngayo (ngokuzimela/ngokusebenzisana) futhi kugqugquzelwa ukungabaza nokungabinethemba enhlanganweni. Ubudlelwane phakathi kobunjalo bomuntu ngomuntu (ubulili, iminyaka yobudala, nokuthi ungowaliphi iqembu labantu kanye nezinga lemfundo) nokumayelana nomsebenzi (isimo sokusebenza, umsebenzi owenzayo, izinga lomsebenzi nobulungu benhlangano) izimpawu nalokhu okuguquguqukayo okuwubunjalo bomuntu nakho kwatholakala. Inhlolovo engamanani eyizigaba ezehlukene yenziwa kwisampula eyayikhethwe ngamabomu yabafundi ababhalisiwe esikhungweni semfundo ephakeme (n = 740). Ukuhlaziwa kokuhlobana okungenakuphikiswa kwaveza ukuthi izindlela zabantu ngabanye zokucabanga mayelana nomsebenzi nababhekana nakho emsebenzini kanjalo nombono wabo mayelana nokungabaza nokwethemba inhlangano kwakuyizona zinkomba ezazinamandla zokuzibophezela kwabo ngokwendlela yokucabanga ezinhlanganweni zabo kanye nendlela yabo yokuziphatha ngokwenhlangano okubhekiswe ebuzweni benhlangano. Indlela yokuqhathanisa ngokokwakheka yaveza ukuxhumana okuhle phakathi kombono wabasebenzi wezinga eliphezulu lobudlelwane babo bokuxoxisana nezinhlangano ezibaqashile kanye nokuthemba nokungabaza kwabo okwakuqondiswe kulezi zinhlangano njengesisekelo sendlela yokucabanga neyokuziphatha kwabo. Ukuhlaziywa kokuxoxisana kuveza ukuthi imibono yabantu emayelana nomsebenzi kanye nababhekana nakho emsebenzini kunomthelela ekuzibophezeleni kwabo ngokwendlela yokucabanga ezinhlanganweni ezibaqashile ngokomqondo wabo wokungabaza nokwethemba inhlangano. Ukuhlaziya okulawulekayo kwaveza ukuthi umthelela wokungabaza komumntu ngamunye mayelana nezinhlangano ezibaqashile ekuzibophezeleni kwabo ngokwendlela yokucabanga kuncike ezingeni labo lokusebenzisana ngokulinganayo. Ukuhlaziywa kokwehla ngamandla kwakhombisa ukuthi lokhu okulandelayo komuntu ngomuntu, ubulili, iqembu labantu akulona, izinga lemfundo nezinga lomsebenzi kuchaza indlela ababhekana ngayo ngokwendlela yokucabanga nokuziphatha okumayelana nomsebenzi nalokho ababhekana nakho emsebenzini. Ukuhlolwa kokusemqoka kuchaza umehluko owembula umehluko osemqoka ngokuguquguquka kwemininingwane ngomuntu. Ezingeni lethiyori, lolu cwaningo luveze ngokuthe xaxa ukuqonda indlela yokucabanga neyokuziphatha kwabantu, nezisekelo ezikhona endaweni yokusebenza. Ezingeni lokungase kubonakale kwenzeka, lesi sifundo silethe uhlaka lwezengqondo oluhlolwe njengolungase lwenzeke ukukhulisa indlela yokucabanga neyokuziphatha kwabantu. Ezingeni lokungase kwenzeke, kwancomeka ukuthi kube nokungenelela komuntu ngamunye nokwenhlangano ngokohlaka lwezengqondo.
Psychology
Ph. D. (Psychology (Industrial and Organisational Psychology))

Existing literature identify betrayal as one of the major challenges that former SADF soldiers face in the “new” South Africa, and identify a need for studying the nature and types of betrayal and the effects it has on relationships. This study aimed to describe and interpret former SADF soldier‟s lived experience by focusing on the psychology of betrayal. A cross-sectional qualitative research methodology was used, guided by an interpretive phenomenological approach. Data was gathered through semi-structured interviews, and the data was analysed using Heidegger‟s hermeneutical principles. The identified themes are (1) in the belly of the beast, (2) different agendas, (3) volte-face, (4) keeping the score (5) and just carry on. The findings offer deeper insights and understanding into how former SADF soldiers experience betrayal and the impact it has on their everyday lives.
Psychology
M.A. (Psychology)

Text in English
This research was aimed at giving a voice to three women, who are constructed as having had a traumatic event recalled from their autobiographical memory. To achieve this objective an epistemological framework of social constructionism was used to investigate autobiographical memory recall of trauma. Three in-depth interviews were conducted with participants who constructed themselves as having had a traumatic event. A case study approach was used to gain access to the information and to compare themes. The research explored the way in which dissociation, voluntary thought suppression, minimisation and outright denial enabled the three participants to alter unbearable memories through the use of recurring themes. To interpret these stories the content of the themes was analysed using thematic content analysis. The participants represented different cultures, languages and religions. In sharing their symptoms this did not necessarily mean they attached the same meaning to a specific theme, as individual meaning-making corresponded to the individual‟s background and history and their perception of the trauma. The stories related by the three participants revealed a shattered worldview that brought them into opposition with community norms and standards, which the narrators experienced as silencing and judgemental. In this regard the researcher‟s aim was to generate information from the participants themselves. This inquiry into the personal trauma stories and meanings suited a qualitative research approach, a form of methodology that allowed personal insight into the meanings the three participants attributed to their trauma and the autobiographical recall of trauma. At the same time it allowed a co-constructed reality to take shape between the researcher‟s reality and the participant‟s reality, always acknowledging the importance of their being the expert of their own individual trauma memory. This is in contrast to a quantitative approach which focuses on numbers to quantify the results; a qualitative approach on the other hand is a personal, rich information-gathering tool that takes into account the emotions and meaning-making of each individual story without any intention to generalise the information gathered to a larger population It is hoped that through this research there is a realisation that although trauma victims share symptoms, the meaning-making of the individual attached to this trauma is influenced by their society and history within their respective environments.
Psychology
M.A. (Psychology)