Dissertations / Theses: 'Trusha'

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Sanz, Ball-llosera Núria. "Diversitat genètica de la truita comuna (Salmo trutta L.) a la Península Ibèrica: biogeografia i gestió." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7638.

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L'estudi de la diversitat i la diferenciació genètiques de les poblacions de truita comuna (Salmo trutta L.) a la Península Ibèrica ha confirmat l'elevada diferenciació observada en treballs previs i la divergència, ja descrita, entre les poblacions de la vessant atlàntica i la mediterrània. El resultats obtinguts, però, ens permeten observar patrons d'estructura poblacional tant en les poblacions atlàntiques com les mediterrànies. A l'Atlàntic s'observa un marcat patró hidrogràfic en la distribució de la diferenciació genètica, que contrasta fortament amb la distribució d'aquesta diferenciació en les poblacions mediterrànies, caracteritzades pels contactes secundaris entre llinatges durant les expansions pleniglacials i una forta divergència local conseqüència de la seva marginalitat i aïllament en els períodes interglacials. El manteniment d'aquesta diferenciació i individualitat descrites en les poblacions de truita de la Península, es veu seriosament compromès per les contínues repoblacions dels rius amb exemplars exògens d'origen nord europeu. La substitució dels genomes autòctons per la introducció de gens al.lòctons provoca una erosió dels patrimonis genètics natius i una homogeneïtzació de les poblacions, destruint els patrons de diferenciació existents. Al mateix temps, els nostres resultats indiquen que les conseqüències de les repoblacions no són sempre les mateixes. Concretament, es constata un fracàs de les repoblacions en rius intensament repoblats i sotmesos a pesca intensiva, que contrasta amb una enorme erosió de les poblacions quan les repoblacions s'efectuen sobre àrees protegides i sense cap mena de pressió pesquera. Això suggereix que múltiples factors com la gestió dels rius posterior a les repoblacions, l'estat de les poblacions o les condicions de l'hàbitat són determinants de la introducció efectiva dels exemplars alliberats; fet que dificulta la predicció sobre actuacions particulars. Malgrat aquesta introgressió de gens exògens que es detecta en moltes de les poblacions analitzades, els gens natius predominen en gairebé tots els rius de la Península. La conservació d'aquesta elevada riquesa genètica que encara resta en les poblacions de truita de la Península Ibèrica ha de ser l'objectiu final de qualsevol programa de gestió. Per això, defensem una gestió basada en el propi riu mitjançant una pesca sostinguda per la reproducció natural de les poblacions salvatges, acompanyada d'una millora i recuperació d'hàbitats adequats per la truita, i evitant, per sobre de tot, la introducció en els rius d'exemplars exògens, degut als efectes nocius i incontrolables que comporta aquest procés. Our study on the genetic diversity and differentiation of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) population of the Iberian Peninsula confirmed the high levels of differentiation and the divergence between Atlantic and Mediterranean populations previously described. However, additional substructuring among Atlantic rivers and among Mediterranean ones has been detected. In the Atlantic, genetic diversity is related with the river network, producing a marked hydrographical pattern in sharp contrast with a mosaic distribution of genetic variation among the Mediterranean collections. In this later area, genetic resources distributed as a result of distinct colonization episodes during pleniglacial expansions, secondary contacts, and local divergence due to its marginality and isolation in the interglacial periods. Continuous stocking with hatchery-reared fish of north European origin, seriously compromises the conservation of this differentiation and individuality described in brown trout populations of the Iberian Peninsula. Replacement of the autochthonous genome due to introduction of exogenous genes is leading to an erosion of the native gene pools, a homogenisation of populations, and a destruction of the ancestral patterns of differentiation. At the same time, our results indicated that successful stocking appears to be limited to wild populations subjected to occasional releases in protected or unfished areas. Extensive stocking in fished areas result in a more limited impact on the recipient native population. These results suggest that stocking success is unpredictable and controlled by different factors including habitat and population conditions at the time of stocking, as well as post-release management actuations. Although many of the analysed populations are introgressed with exogenous genes, native gene pools predominate in almost all the Iberian rivers. Conservation of this high genetic richness that still remains in brown trout Iberian populations must be the final goal of any management program. So, our management proposal is based on fisheries sustained by natural reproduction of the respective wild populations, coupled with an improvement and recovery of habitat suitable for brown trout; avoiding stocking with exogenous fish due to the harmful and incontrollable risks that this process involves for the genetic resources of the species.

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Skuhravý, Jan. "Institut trustu v českém právu." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76111.

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During the legislative works on a new Civil Code for the Czech Republic, it has been proposed that the concept of trust be introduced into Czech law, largely by transplanting the concept of fiducie contained in the Civil Code of Québec. The thesis, after introducing the principal concepts of trust as known around the world today, whether in common law jurisdictions, civil law jurisdictions or mixed jurisdictions, describes the principal commercial uses of trust in trust jurisdictions and analyses the possibilities of current Czech law to replicate the trust function not using the trust. The thesis argues that the classical civilist objections to the possibility to implant true trust into civil law jurisdictions are largely unfounded in respect of the Czech legal system. The thesis further performs a comparative assessment of the Czech Civil Code proposal. It is argued that the legal construct at hand in the proposal is actually not trust, but a mere trust-like arrangement, as it lacks one of the trust's most salient features -- transfer of the trust property by the settlor to the trustee. Apart from that, the thesis analyses specific provisions of the proposal and subjects them critique. Based on this analysis, it introduces a number of proposals for the enhancement of the proposed provisions.

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Ramos, Maguiña Eric Steve. "Maduración Final in vitro e in vivo De Los Ovocitos De oncorhynchus mykiss “Trucha Arco Iris” walbaum, 1792." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2002. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1427.

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En los teleósteos, la hormona luteinizante inicia la maduración final de los ovocitos, etapa previa a la ovulación. El objetivo de esta tesis fue evaluar la eficiencia de la hormona gonadotrofina coriónica humana (hCG), análoga a la hormona luteinizante, para inducir la maduración final in Vitro e in Vivo de los ovocitos de Oncorhynchus mykiss “Trucha arco iris”, a partir del estadío de vesícula germinal en migración. En la maduración final in Vitro, los cultivos realizados sólo en medio Leibovitz L-15 (control) produjeron una muy reducida cantidad de ovocitos maduros. En los cultivos problema, los medios de cultivo que contenían 5UI/ml de hCG sólo con medio Leibovitz L-15 o con Leibovitz L-15 más 2% (v/v) de suero de Oncorhynchus mykiss y 5mg/ml de insulina produjeron la totalidad de ovocitos maduros a las 90 horas de cultivo, pero cuando se usó 10UI/ml de hCG en los mismos medios anteriores sólo fueron necesarias 48 horas para obtener la totalidad de ovocitos maduros. Asimismo, el análisis comparativo entre los diferentes medios problema utilizados demostró que la insulina y el suero son importantes para alcanzar el estadío de desaparición de la vesícula germinal (marcador utilizado para la maduración del ovocito in Vitro) en este pez. La ovulación mediante la maduración in Vivo fue alcanzada a las 103.2 horas con el primer tratamiento (dos dosis: 20 y 80UI de hCG/Kg de peso), mientras que los peces en los cuales fue aplicado el segundo tratamiento (dos dosis: 30 y 120UI de hCG/Kg de peso) ovularon a las 43.8 horas. Los peces control alcanzaron la maduración 31 días después de su confinamiento en el estanque de experimentación. Estos resultados demuestran la efectividad dependiente de la dosis de la gonadotrofina coriónica humana en la maduración final de los ovocitos de Oncorhynchus mykiss. --- In teleosts, the luteinizing hormone begins the final oocyte maturation previous stage of ovulation. The goal of this thesis was to evaluate the efficiency of the human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG), luteinizing hormone analogous, to induce in Vitro and in Vivo final oocyte maturation of Oncorhynchus mykiss “Rainbow trout” come from germinal vesicle migration stage. in Vitro final oocyte maturation, the cultures achieved only into Leibovitz L-15 medium (control) showed a very less quantity of mature oocytes. In problem cultures, the culture media that only had 5IU/ml hCG into Leibovitz medium or with Leibovitz L-15 plus 2% (v/v) Oncorhynchus mykiss serum and 5mg/ml insulin produced totality of mature oocytes at 90 hours but when it was used 10UI/ml hCG with the former media were only needed 48 hours to get the totality of mature oocytes. Although the comparative analysis between the different problem media used it showed both the serum and the insulin are important to reach the germinal vesicle breakdown stage (marker used to evaluate in Vitro oocyte maturation) in this fish. The ovulation by means in Vivo maturation was reached at 103.2 hours with first treatment (two doses: 20 and 80 IU hCG/Kg body weight), while the fishes tried with second treatment (two doses: 30 and 120 IU hCG/Kg body weight) ovulated at 43.8 hours. The control fishes reached the maturation at 31 days after their confinement into experimentation pond. These results show the dose-dependent effectiveness for human Chorionic Gonadotropin in the final oocyte maturation of Oncorhynchus mykiss. Tesis

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Yunis, Aguinaga Jefferson. "Frecuencia de Piscirickettsia salmonis en truchas de cultivo (Oncorhynchus mykiss) en el departamento de Junín." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1542.

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El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la presencia del agente Piscirickettsia salmonis en truchas de cultivo (Oncorhynchus mykiss) en la cuenca del río Mantaro en el departamento de Junín mediante la prueba de Inmunofluorescencia Indirecta. Se escogieron 180 truchas arco iris de manera aleatoria de tres piscigranjas de la cuenca (60 animales en cada una), las cuales fueron beneficiadas y necropsiadas, se colectaron asepticamente muestras de riñón y bazo. Los tejidos fueron sometidos a la prueba de Inmunofluorescencia Indirecta (IFI) para determinar la presencia de la bacteria. Los signos clínicos más saltantes fueron úlceras en la piel, melanosis, nado irregular y en la superficie del agua, abultamiento del abdomen y exoftalmia. Las lesiones mas resaltantes fueron hemorragias petequiales en hígado, ciegos pilóricos y grasa abdominal, úlceras en la piel además de esplenomegalia y palidez hepática. El 100% de las muestras de truchas arcoíris resultaron negativas a la bacteria Piscirickettsia salmonis. El resultado indica que este agente no esta presente en las piscigranjas evaluadas o su prevalencia fue muy baja y no pudo ser detectada. Palabras clave: Piscirickettsia salmonis, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Junín, Inmunofluorescencia Indirecta. --- This study aimed to determinate the presence of Piscirickettsia salmonis agent in culture rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Mantaro river basin in the region of Junin by Indirect Inmunofluorescence test. Kidney and spleen samples at random of 180 culture rainbow trout from three fish farms of the basin (60 animals in each) were taken. The most outstanding clinical signs were sores on the skin, melanosis, irregular swimming in the water surface, swelling of the abdomen and exophthalmoses. The most outstanding lesions were petechial hemorrhage in liver, pyloric caeca and spleen, in addition to splenomegaly and pale liver. 100% of rainbow trout samples were negative for Piscirickettsia salmonis. The result indicates that this agent is not present in fish farms evaluated or the prevalence was very low and could not be detected. Keywords: Piscirickettsia salmonis, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Junin, Indirect Inmunofluorescence. Tesis

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Cortey, Marqués Martí. "Filogeografia de la truita comuna (Salmo trutta) basada en la diversitat molecular del DNA mitocondrial." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7902.

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Les anàlisis realitzades en cent deu poblacions de truita comuna (Salmo trutta) que abarquen el seu rang natural de distribució indiquen que el patró filogenètic es relaciona amb les tres grans vessants on es troba distribuïda l'espècie: ponto-càspia, atlàntica i mediterrània. Aquesta diferenciació estaria associada a l'aïllament de les vessants durant el Quaternari. L'origen de l'espècie es relaciona amb la vessant ponto-càspia, d'acord amb els models biogeogràfics que postulen l'origen asiàtic de la ictiofauna europea. S'ha detectat també un segon nivell de divergència dins de cada vessant que dóna com a resultat l'existència de sis llinatges evolutius: Atlàntic i Duero a la vessant atlàntica, els llinatges Adriàtic, Mediterrani i Marmoratus als rius mediterranis, i el llinatge Danubi a la zona ponto-càspia. Les glaciacions del Pleistocè han modificat profundament el rang de distribució de la truita comuna, especialment a la vessant atlàntica, on s'han proposat quatre grans refugis glacials: a l'est de la capa de gel, a Europa central, a l'entorn del canal de la Mànega i a l'entorn del golf de Biscaia; tot i que només els tres primers haurien participat en la recolonització del nord d'Europa al final de l'última glaciació. El quart refugi, que inclou el sud de França i el Cantàbric hauria estat l'origen de l'expansió cap al sud durant el Pleistocè Superior d'un grup de poblacions distribuïdes actualment a la vessant atlàntica ibèrica, i també hauria servit de base per a l'expansió cap al nord d'altres grups de truita durant interglacials anteriors. A la vessant atlàntica de la peninsula Ibèrica, l'estructura poblacional es troba associada a la xarxa hidrogràfica i es determinen fins a cinc unitats poblacionals: les truites dels rius Cantàbrics, les del Miño, les del Duero, les del Tajo i les del Guadalquivir. Les poblacions del Guadalquivir pertanyerien a un grup d'influència mediterrània. Els marcadors d'al·lozims i de DNA mitocondrial es troben fortament correlacionats en aquesta vessant, on apunten cap als mateixos grups de poblacions. Per contra, els rius de la vessant mediterrània haurien estat colonitzats pels llinatges Adriàtic i Mediterrani i s'hauria produït una intensa intergradació secundària entre aquests llinatges durant els períodes glacials a partir de l'expansió de les poblacions retingudes a les capçaleres durant els interglacials. Els grups de hibridació, l'aïllament i la deriva en el període interglacial fa que els grups de poblacions identificats pels marcadors d'al·lozims i de DNA mitocondrial no coincideixin. The analyses performed in one hundred and ten brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations that cover its native European distribution, shows that the phylogenetic pattern is associated with the three major basins occupied by the species: Ponto-Caspian, Atlantic and Mediterranean. This differentiation is related with basin isolations during the Quaternary. The origin of the species is placed in the Ponto-Caspian region, in clear agreement with biogeographic models that postulates the Asian origin of European ichthyofauna. Further divergence occurred in the mid-lower Pleistocene generated the actual lineages: Atlantic and Duero in the Atlantic basin, Adriatic, Mediterranean and Marmoratus lineages in the Mediterranean rivers and the Danubian lineage in the Ponto-Caspian area. Pleistocene glacial periods have deeply modified the distribution range of brown trout, mainly in the Atlantic basin, where four major glacial refugia have been proposed: (i), at the East side of the ice sheet, (ii), in Central Europe, (iii), around the English Channel and (iv), around the Bay of Biscay. Only the three first seem to be involved in the recolonization of North Europe at the end of the last glacial period. The fourth glacial refugia, placed in Southern France and the Cantrabrian Sea area, would have been the origin of a southern expansion during Late Pleistocene. Nowadays, those trout populations are distributed in the Atlantic basin of the Iberian Peninsula. This glacial refugia could also be involved in older recolonizations of North-Europe previous to last glacial process. Brown trout population structure in areas at the Atlantic basin of the Iberian Peninsula is associated with river network. Thus, five trout population groups could be determined: trout from the Cantabrian Rivers, from the Miño River, from the Duero River, from the Tajo River and trout populations from the Guadalquivir basin. These last populations show a strong Mediterranean influence. In this basin, comparisons involving allozyme and mitochondrial DNA data are strongly correlated and points towards the same population groups. The rivers in the Mediterranean basin have been colonized by Adriatic and Mediterranean lineages, and strong secondary intergradations are reported among them during glacial periods. Population groups identified by allozyme and mitochondrial DNA do not agree as a consequence of this intergradation, as well as isolation and genetic drift during interglacial periods.

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Oldham, Davis. "The idea of trust in the age of trusts /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9335.

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Fernández, Cebrián Raquel. "Estructura poblacional y demografía genética en poblaciones de trucha común (Salmo trutta) del Pirineo catalán." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/81854.

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In the present study an amplification and genotyping system for 9 microsatellite loci has been developed and used to genotype brown trout (Salmo trutta) individuals. This system has allowed, on one hand, to efficiently analyze the brown trout population structure from Catalan Pyrenees basins and, on the other, to describe their genetic demography. The complexity of evolutionary processes occurred in the area and the different scale of space-time in which they took place make difficult to draw a general pattern relating structure and genetic demography of brown trout populations in the Catalan Pyrenees. However, results fit with the population structure suggested for the Mediterranean brown trout populations, which consist of small interconnected demes forming metapopulations. In the studied Pyrenean basins, the reproductive strategy and the connectivity between demes mitigate the genetic drift expected from the estimated effective population sizes. El sistema de 9 loci microsatélites desarrollado en este trabajo resulta muy eficiente para el análisis de la estructura poblacional y la demografía genética de las poblaciones de trucha común (Salmo trutta) en las cuencas del Pirineo. La complejidad de los procesos evolutivos ocurridos durante las glaciaciones del cuaternario en el Pirineo y la diferente escala espacial y temporal en que estos han tenido lugar impiden establecer un patrón general que relacione la estructura poblacional y la demografía genética en las poblaciones de trucha común del Pirineo catalán. Sin embargo, los resultados obtenidos están de acuerdo con la estructura poblacional sugerida para las poblaciones mediterráneas de trucha común, que se consideran constituidas por pequeñas agrupaciones locales interconectadas que constituyen metapoblaciones. En todas las cuencas del Pirineo parece que hay una tendencia a que la estrategia reproductora y la interconexión entre los grupos limiten los efectos perjudiciales de la deriva.

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MESQUITA, PAULA ESPOSEL CARNEIRO DE. "THE TRUTHS OF THE TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION OF SOUTH AFRICA." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=25111@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO Ao observar a transição política de países que passaram por um regime autoritário ou um conflito civil durante os anos 1980-90, a ser pensada pelo paradigma da verdade, pretende-se determinar como verdade e poder estão articulados na Comissão da Verdade. Esse paradigma, atribui à verdade noções como sofrimento humano, democracia, reconciliação e Direitos Humanos. Esse discurso pela verdade parece privilegiar a Comissão da Verdade como modelo de transição para reconciliação e cura da sociedade. Orientada pelos princípios restaurativos e justificado pelo discurso do trauma, a comissão estabelece um inquérito que tem a confissão de vítimas e perpetradores como instrumento para afirmar uma verdade. Entende-se esse modelo de inquérito como um ritual de passagem de um passado de violência para construção de um país democrático no futuro. Um ritual que tem no ato da confissão a delimitação de novos papéis sociais de vítimas e perpetradores, e consequentemente, de novas relações de poder, para a restauração do laço social e a reconstrução política do país. Para compreender melhor essa articulação será analisada a Comissão da Verdade e Reconciliação da África do Sul, caso emblemático no desenvolvimento desse paradigma verdade/reconciliação, cura. Pretende-se contribuir com uma análise crítica do que esse modelo de transição impõe e que alternativas ele exclui. Este estudo se fundamenta na perspectiva foucaultiana, segundo a qual a produção de verdade é uma forma de governar os sujeitos. A confissão é apontada como uma das tecnologias de produção de verdade. By observing the political transition in countries that have experienced an authoritarian regime or civil conflict during the years 1980-90, to be interpreted under the paradigm of truth, it is intended to determine how truth and power are articulated in the truth commission. This paradigm assigns to the truth notions such as human suffering, democracy, reconciliation and human rights, and it seems to privilege the truth commission as a transition model for reconciliation and healing of society. Based on restorative principles and justified by the discourse of trauma, the committee establishes an inquiry that has the confession of victims and perpetrators as a means to affirm a truth. This inquiry is assumed as a ritual of transition from a violent past to a future of democracy. In this ritual the act of confession sets new social roles of victims and perpetrators and, consequently, new power relations, necessary for the restoration of social relations and political reconstruction of the country. In order to better interpret this articulation, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa, an emblematic case in the development of this paradigm, truth/reconciliation and healing, is examined. It is intended to contribute to a critical analysis of this transition model: what it imposes and what alternatives it excludes. This study is based on Foucault s perspective, according to which the production of truth is a way of governing subjects, and the avowal is a technique of producing true.

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Fernández, Nuñez Carlos Alberto. "Determinación de Yersinia Ruckeri y sus características lesiónales anatomo - histopatológicas en truchas Arco Iris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) en etapa pre-comercial en una piscigranja de la región Junín." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/848.

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El objetivo del presente trabajo fue el determinar la presencia del agente Yersinia ruckeri en la piscigranja “El Edén” y el de identificar y clasificar las lesiones anátomo histopatológicas en tejidos de trucha arco iris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) de la piscigranja “El Edén”, ubicada en la provincia Concepción a 3400 m.s.n.m. en la Región Junín. A partir de los órganos cultivados se logro aislar 11 cepas Gram negativas, 9 cepas perteneciente a las enterobacterias, de las cuales 3 fueron aracterizadas mediante pruebas bioquímicas como Yersinia ruckeri y fueron similares a las reportadas por primera vez en Idaho. Como lesiones macroscópicas se pudo observar exoftalmia unilateral 8/30 (26.66%), melanosis 4/30 (13.33%), hígado pálido 18/30 (60.00%), hígado congestionado 3/30 (10.00%), hígado con petequias 15/30 (30.00%), branquias pálidas 4/30 (13.33%), branquias hiperemicas 9/30 (30%) y del estudio hiatopatologico se evidenció congestion en bazo 14/30 (46.66%), hiperplasia del ápice de las branquias 12/30 (40.00%), hiperplasia de vellosidades del ciego 5/30 (16.66%), esporas de ictiofonus en corazón 6/30 (20.00%), necrosis en mucosa estómago 4/30 (13.33%), congestión hepática 4/30 (13.33%), hiperplasia en mucosa del intestino delgado 9/30 (38.88%) y regeneración tubular renal 9/30 (30%). Se aislaron cepas de Y. ruckeri y las lesiones en tejidos son compatibles con su infección sin embargo la frecuencia de su aislamiento es baja y existen otras bacterias diferentes a las enterobacterias que han sido aisladas incluyendo bacteria Gram positivas y que no sabemos que rol cumplen en la enfermedad de la trucha arcoíris. Palabras clave: Yersinia ruckeri, anátomo histopatológico, trucha arcoíris, enfermedad de la “boca roja entérica”. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of the agent Yersinia ruckeri in fish farm "Eden" and to identify and classify anatomical histopathological lesions in tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) of fish farm "El Eden" located Conception in the province at 3400 m. in Junín region. From the cultured organs was isolated 11 strains gram negative, 9 strains belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae, of which 3 were characterized by biochemical tests as Yersinia ruckeri and were similar to those reported for the first time in Idaho. As was observed macroscopic lesions unilateral exophthalmos 8/30 (26.66%), melanosis 4/30 (13.33%), liver pale 18/30 (60.00%), liver congested 3/30 (10.00%), liver petechiae 15 / 30 (30.00%), pale gills 4/30 (13.33%), gills hyperemic 9/30 (30%) and the study evidenced hiatopatologico spleen congestion in 14/30 (46.66%), hyperplasia of the apex of the gills 12 / 30 (40.00%), cecal villus hyperplasia 5/30 (16.66%), heart spores ictiofonus in 6/30 (20.00%), stomach mucosa necrosis in 4/30 (13.33%), hepatic congestion 4/30 ( 13.33%), hyperplasia in the small intestinal mucosa 9/30 (38.88%) and renal tubular regeneration 9/30 (30%). Strains were isolated from Y. ruckeri and tissue injuries are consistent with infection however the frequency of isolation is low and there are different from other bacteria that have been isolated Enterobacteriaceae bacteria including Gram positive and do not know what role they play in disease of rainbow trout. Keywords: Yersinia ruckeri, anatomical and histopathological, rainbow trout, disease of “enteric red mouth” Tesis

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Probst, Reno. "Die Trust-Definition des Haager Trust-Übereinkommens im Lichte des Common Law Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Purpose-Trusts /." St. Gallen, 2008. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/05600689001/$FILE/05600689001.pdf.

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Rocaspana, Rafel. "Efectos de las puntas de caudal hidroeléctricas (hidropuntas) en las poblaciones de trucha común (Salmo trutta) de ríos pirenaicos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/406950.

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Las puntas de caudal de origen hidroeléctrico (hidropuntas) provocan cambios de distinta intensidad y alcance, a todos los niveles de organización de los ecosistemas fluviales donde tienen lugar. No hay en condiciones naturales, una situación comparable y por tanto no hay ni especies ni ecosistemas específicamente adaptados a ella. Comprender en profundidad la magnitud de los efectos es la única opción para poder definir y llevar a la práctica, medidas eficaces y equilibradas entre la producción de energía hidroeléctrica y la conservación de los ecosistemas fluviales. Esta Tesis Doctoral pretende mejorar el conocimiento sobre los efectos de las hidropuntas en las poblaciones de trucha (Salmo trutta) de ríos pirenaicos de la vertiente mediterránea. Para ello se ha estudiado la dinámica poblacional, la movilidad y la alimentación de la trucha en un tramo con hidropuntas, comparándolo con uno de control y otro de referencia más alejado pero dentro de la misma cuenca. Los resultados obtenidos indican que las hidropuntas tienen una influencia directa y muy significativa sobre la organización del cauce y el hábitat físico, lo que a su vez determina cambios en las densidades de trucha, especialmente de alevines (disminución de frezaderos, condiciones hidráulicas desfavorables,…). Estos efectos, no obstante, se atenúan río abajo, especialmente cuando se incorporan tributarios con aporte de carga sedimentaria. Se ha constatado también que la estructura demográfica de la trucha en tramos sujetos a hidropuntas es más estable al paso de crecidas naturales de cierta entidad. Las poblaciones de trucha de los tramos altos de los ríos Flamisell y Noguera Pallaresa tienen un carácter marcadamente sedentario a lo largo del año. El 76,8% de ejemplares realizan movimientos inferiores a 20 m y solo un 3,6% los realizan superiores a 200 m. Las hidropuntas no parece que influyan directamente sobre los patrones de movilidad de las truchas. Sí que se observan diferencias considerables en la amplitud de los movimientos relacionados con la época de freza, significativamente mayores en el tramo de hidropuntas, sin duda debido a la falta de zonas aptas para la freza. A escala de una hidropunta, la movilidad de las truchas es mayor durante la primera mitad de la punta de caudal, especialmente en sentido río arriba. Coincide con el incremento de la deriva de macroinvertebrados y se manifiesta como el momento de mayor ingesta de alimentos por parte de las truchas. En general, en el tramo con hidropuntas las truchas presentaron mayor tasa de consumo de alimentos y una dieta más generalista y heterogénea, lo que indica un comportamiento alimentario oportunista. Las hidropuntas no parecen causar impactos negativos directos en la alimentación de la trucha adulta. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, algunas actuaciones sobre el hábitat físico en tramos con hidropuntas como la incorporación de gravas, la restitución de zonas de freza, la creación de refugios, etc., pueden contribuir sustancialmente a la conservación de las poblaciones de trucha de estos tramos sometidos a un régimen de caudales altamente fluctuante. Les puntes de cabal d'origen hidroelèctric (hidropuntes) provoquen canvis de diferent intensitat i abast, a tots els nivells d'organització dels ecosistemes fluvials on tenen lloc. No hi ha en condicions naturals, una situació comparable i per tant no hi ha ni espècies ni ecosistemes específicament adaptats a ella. Comprendre en profunditat la magnitud dels efectes és l'única opció per poder definir i portar a la pràctica, mesures eficaces i equilibrades entre la producció d'energia hidroelèctrica i la conservació dels ecosistemes fluvials. Aquesta tesi doctoral pretén millorar el coneixement sobre els efectes de les hidropuntas en les poblacions de truita (Salmo trutta) de rius pirinencs del vessant mediterrani. Per això s'ha estudiat la dinàmica poblacional, la mobilitat i l'alimentació de la truita en un tram amb hidropuntes, comparant-lo amb un de control i un altre de referència més allunyat però dins de la mateixa conca. Els resultats obtinguts indiquen que les hidropuntes tenen una influència directa i molt significativa sobre l'organització de la llera i l'hàbitat físic, el que al seu torn determina canvis en les densitats de truita, especialment d'alevins (disminució de zones de fressa, condicions hidràuliques desfavorables, ...). Aquests efectes, però, s'atenuen riu avall, especialment quan s'incorporen tributaris amb aportació de càrrega sedimentària. S'ha constatat també que l'estructura demogràfica de la truita en trams subjectes a hidropuntas és més estable al pas de crescudes naturals de certa entitat. Les poblacions de truita dels trams alts dels rius Flamisell i Noguera Pallaresa tenen un caràcter marcadament sedentari al llarg de l'any. El 76,8% d'exemplars realitzen moviments inferiors a 20 m i només un 3,6% els realitzen superiors a 200 m. Les hidropuntes no sembla que influeixin directament sobre els patrons de mobilitat de les truites. Sí que s'observen diferències considerables en l'amplitud dels moviments relacionats amb l'època de fresa, significativament majors en el tram de hidropuntas, sens dubte a causa de la manca de zones aptes per a la fresa. A escala d'una hidropunta, la mobilitat de les truites és major durant la primera meitat de la punta de cabal, especialment en sentit riu amunt. Coincideix amb l'increment de la deriva de macroinvertebrats i es manifesta com el moment de major ingesta d'aliments per part de les truites. En general, en el tram amb hidropuntes les truites van presentar una major taxa de consum d'aliments i una dieta més generalista i heterogènia, la qual cosa indica un comportament alimentari oportunista. Les hidropuntes no semblen causar impactes negatius directes en l'alimentació de la truita adulta. D'acord amb els resultats obtinguts, algunes actuacions sobre l'hàbitat físic en trams amb hidropuntes, com ara la incorporació de graves, la restitució de zones de fresa, la creació de refugis, etc. poden contribuir substancialment a la conservació de les poblacions de truita d'aquests trams sotmesos a un règim de cabals altament fluctuant. Peak flows of hydroelectric origin (hydropeaking) lead to changes of different intensity and scope at all levels of organization of fluvial ecosystems where they occur. In natural conditions, there is no comparable situation and therefore no species or ecosystems are specifically adapted to it. A deep understanding of the magnitude of the effects is the only option in order to define and implement effective and balanced measures between hydroelectric power production and the conservation of river ecosystems. This Doctoral Thesis aims to improve the knowledge of the effects of hydropeaking on populations of brown trout (Salmo trutta) of the Pyrenean rivers in the mountain Mediterranean catchments. To do so, the population dynamics, mobility and feeding of the brown trout have been studied in a stretch with hydropeaking, comparing it with a control stretch and another benchmark stretch further away but still within the same watershed. The results obtained show that hydropeaking has a direct, significant influence on the organization of the watercourse and the physical habitat, which in turn determines changes in brown trout population densities, especially of juveniles (fewer spawning grounds, unfavourable hydraulic conditions,...). These effects, however, are attenuated downstream, especially when tributaries contribute sedimentary load. It has also been found that the demographic structure of brown trout in stretches of river subject to hydropeaking is more stable in front of the occurrence of natural flooding of a certain magnitude. The brown trout populations in the upper sections of the Flamisell and Noguera Pallaresa rivers have a markedly sedentary character throughout the year. A 76.8% of specimens move less than 20 m and only 3.6% move further than 200 m. Hydropeaking does not seem to directly influence brown trout mobility patterns. However, considerable differences are observed in the breadth of movements associated with the spawning season, being significantly higher in the section of hydropeaking, doubtless due to the lack of areas suitable for spawning. On the scale of a hydropeak, the mobility of the brown trout is greater during the first half of the flow peak, especially in the upstream direction. It coincides with the increase of macroinvertebrate drift and manifests itself as the time of greatest food intake by brown trout. In general, in the stretch with hydropeaking the brown trout had a higher rate of food consumption and a more general and heterogeneous diet, indicating opportunistic feeding behaviour. Hydropeaking does not seem to cause direct negative impacts on adult brown trout feeding. According to the results obtained, acting on the physical habitat in stretches with hydropeaking as the incorporation of gravel, restoring spawning grounds, the creation of shelters, etc., may contribute substantially to the conservation of the populations of brown trout in these stretches with a highly fluctuating flow regime.

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López, Cadillo John Edward. "Identificación de biotipos de Yersinia ruckeri aisladas en truchas arco iris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) en etapa juvenil procedentes de dos piscigranjas de la región Junín." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/4937.

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Identifica biotipos de Yersinia ruckeri aisladas en truchas arco iris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) procedentes de dos piscigranjas de la región Junín. Se utilizaron 30 truchas arcoíris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) en etapa juvenil por cada piscigranja. Una de las piscigranjas estuvo ubicada en la provincia de Concepción y la otra en el distrito de Molinos, en la provincia de Jauja. Los peces colectados presentaron signos generales de enfermedad. Se realizó la necropsia y se colectaron muestras de riñón y bazo para el estudio bacteriológico, mediante hisopados mantenidos en medio de transporte Stuart. Posteriormente los hisopos fueron cultivados en medio TSA (agar tripticasa soja) e incubados a 22°C por 24-48 horas. Se seleccionaron las colonias que eran similares a las descritas para Yersinia ruckeri, y se realizó la identificación mediante pruebas bioquímicas utilizando un perfil de 15 reacciones. Para la identificación del biotipo de Yersinia ruckeri se basó en la motilidad y la hidrólisis del Tween 20 y del Tween 80. El biotipo 1 es motil e hidroliza el Tween 20 y el Tween 80 y el biotipo 2 es no motil y no hidroliza el Tween 20 ni el Tween 80. Se obtuvieron cepas de Y. ruckeri biotipo 1 en las dos piscigranjas en estudio y la presencia de Yersinia ruckeri biotipo 2 solo en la piscigranja del distrito de Molinos. Tesis

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13

Buchanan, Rosemary Jane. "How do lecturers in higher education, teaching health and social care, view the phenomenon of truth within the context of their teaching?" Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25730.

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This thesis addresses a topic which to date has not received any sustained attention within the field of health and social care. The thesis explores the understanding that lecturers in health and social care have of the nature of truth and how their conceptions of truth impact on their teaching and on their relationship with students. The study was conducted through interviews with nine lecturers, from five universities and several disciplines within health and social care, which allowed them to explore their understanding of truth in relation to their teaching. A phenomenological approach was employed, as this enabled the participants to describe the phenomenon of truth as it presented itself to them through their own lived experience and as it was imbricated in their teaching. In order to analyse the lived experience of the lecturers I used an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach because it is concerned with the interpretation of particular experiences of a phenomenon. One of the key findings that emerged from the analysis was that none of the lecturers believed that there was one version of truth but rather multiple truths or realities, often based on uncertainty rather than a certainty. The suggestion was that what was being taught in class was a theory of provisional validity rather than an absolute truth and this heavily influenced the way these lecturers saw their role within their students’ journeys towards their own versions of truth and authenticity. The study participants held that if students could become comfortable with questioning truth and accepting that more than one version of the truth exists, then they were enabled to deploy the art of critical evaluation and analysis within their own learning. Underpinning my analysis of my findings regarding the lecturers’ perceptions of their role in encouraging critical thinking and authenticity is the work of Barnet and Kreber. Barnet (2007) claimed that in order to become authentic, an element of critical thinking is required and Kreber (2013) builds on this when she suggests that authenticity is associated with being true to self in a critical social theory sense. Further key findings are very much related to the unique dimension of my study being placed within health and social care and include the connections between the nature of truth and matters such as: the participant’s identity as a health and social care professional and the influence this has on their teaching; how conceptions of truth impact on the health and social care knowledge base within the disciplines of the participants and how this discipline knowledge underpins their teaching; the relationship between the participants’ conceptions of the nature of truth and the professional attributes that feature in the participants’ teaching; and how the understanding of the nature of truth links into the health and social care curricula. The thesis concludes by discussing implications for theory and practice that appear to flow from the findings of this study.

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Harding, Mariska. "Importance of adhering to the basic trust idea in the formation and administration of trusts." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26666.

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Hughes, Andrew Wesley. "Weaving truth with trust : labour management at Early's blanket mill, Witney, 1900-1960." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363794.

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Andrade, Renan Siqueira Leite de. "Estudo do comportamento migratório da truta (Salmo trutta L.) no limite sul de sua distribuição." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/27971.

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A região central de Portugal representa o limite sul da distribuição dos dois ecótipos de Salmo trutta L, o residente (i.e., truta-de-rio) e o anádromo (i.e., truta-marisca). Para além dos constrangimentos a uma escala mais global que as espécies de peixes experienciam, como o aquecimento global, os rios dessa região estão severamente fragmentados pela presença de grandes barragens e pequeno-médios açudes, construídos maioritariamente para a produção de eletricidade e recolha de água para uso doméstico, industrial e para a agricultura. Esforços direcionados ao aumento do conhecimento sobre a truta em resposta às pressões antropogênicas e pela mitigação da fragmentação do habitat existente, têm sido constantemente desenvolvidos nos últimos 8-10 anos no Rio Mondego. Considerado um dos mais importantes rios em Portugal para peixes migradores, uma passagem para peixes de fendas verticais (i.e., 125 metros de comprimento, 23 bacias) foi construída em 2011 no Açude-Ponte de Coimbra e monitorização contínua vem sendo realizada desde 2013 com recurso a censos visuais. Os dados de contagem sobre a truta revelaram que entre 2013 e 2017 mais de 300 trutas utilizaram com sucesso a passagem durante a sua migração para montante. Nos anos estudados, os meses com maior contagem de trutas foram maio (21,1%), junho (52,7%) e julho (14,3%). O padrão circadiano dos movimentos para montante revelou que as trutas migraram pela passagem maioritariamente ao amanhecer e no final do dia. O tamanho das trutas utilizando a passagem com sucesso foi dependente do mês, pois as maiores trutas (CT>300 mm) tendem a usar a passagem mais cedo (em maio), seguida daquelas de menores dimensões (CT<300 mm), que tendem a utilizar a passagem mais tarde na época de migração (julho). Modelos exploratórios revelaram que fatores ambientais como o fotoperíodo e o período do dia, estão significativamente influenciando o uso da passagem para peixes pelas trutas durante todos os anos de estudo; Abstract: Study of Migration Behavior of Trout (Salmo trutta L.) in the Southern Limit of its Distribution The central region of Portugal represents the southern limit of the distribution of both ecotypes of Salmo trutta L, the resident (i.e., brown trout) and anadromous (i.e., sea trout). Besides the constraints, such as global warming, that the species experiences, rivers in this region are severely fragmented by the presence of large dams and small-to-medium weirs, built mainly for hydroelectricity production and water abstraction for domestic, industrial and agriculture uses. Efforts towards an increase in the knowledge of trout responses to anthropogenic pressures and for the mitigation of existent habitat fragmentation have been consistently developed for the last 8-10 years in Mondego River. Considered one of the most important rivers in Portugal for migratory fish, a vertical-slot fishway (i.e., 125 meters long, 23 pools) was built in 2011 at the Coimbra dam and monitoring is continuously being conducted since 2013 using visual census. Count data on trout revealed that between 2013 and 2017 more than 300 trouts have successfully used this fish pass during their upstream migration. In the studied years, the months with the highest trout count were May (21.1%), June (52.7%) and July (14.3%). Circadian pattern of upstream movement revealed that trouts migrate through the fish pass mostly in the morning and at the end of the day. Size of trout successfully using the fish pass was month dependent, as larger trouts (CT>300mm) tend to use the fish pass earlier (in May), followed by those with smaller dimensions (CT<300 mm), that tend to use the fish pass later on the migration season (July). Explanatory models revealed that different environmental factors, such as photoperiod and day period, are significantly influencing fish pass use by trout in all the studied years.

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Leung, Ka Shing Wilson. "The role of customer orientation support, individual swift trusts and trust in promoting social commerce." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2019. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/672.

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Social commerce (s-commerce) relies on social media to support the buying and selling activities between customers and sellers. S-commerce sites have nowadays enabled their sellers to form their individual community, constitutes invited members of other shoppers, serving as trusted agents or targets and share shopping information and experience with their new customers. This study termed this new facet of communities as social commerce individual vendor community (SCIVC). A recent business paradigm of s-commerce sites indicates that customers spend a little time with s-commerce sellers and/or members in SCIVC, and thus swift trust, a quickly formed trust in a new relationship, deems be more appropriate representing as a basis of their trust building formulated. From the perspective of trust transfer theory, this thesis firstly develops the swift-based trust transfer process model and then examines how both swift trusts factors of individual sellers and members in SCIVC would affect customer trust in s-commerce sites. Secondly, this thesis verifies how the social support affects the model constructs of the swift-based trust transfer process, and subsequently how they further affect relationship outcomes on s-commerce sites. In this thesis, we quantified social support based on functional customer orientation construct and relational customer orientation construct; whereas respective swift guanxi and swift credibility constructs used to measure factors of swift trust factor between a customer with their seller and between a customer with their members of SCVIC. Lastly, we measured relationship outcomes by the following factors: repurchase intention, social shopping intention (i.e. measured by WOM adoption), and social sharing intention (i.e. measured by WOM intention). Based on a survey of 287 s-commerce shoppers from a s-commerce site - WeChat, our results revealed that the customer trust in s-commerce sites can be transferred from both respective swift trusts. This implies that their trust can be influenced by s-commerce parties, that are individual sellers and members of SCVIC. Our results also showed that the proposed social support factors, namely functional and relational customer orientation, both have mainly a positive relationship on respective swift guanxi, swift credibility, and customer trust factors, and subsequently influenced the three proposed factors of relationship outcomes. Exceptional insignificant cases included the relationship between relationship customer orientation and customer trust, the relationship between swift guanxi and WOM adoption and the relationship between swift credibility and WOM intention. In conclusion, this thesis makes three main contributions. First, it confirms consumer trust in s-commerce sites can be transferred from their sellers via guanxi trust and members in SCVIC via credibility trust. Second, it confirms functional and relational customer orientation have a profound total effect on both the proposed relationship mediator of trust and relationship outcomes. Lastly, it confirms the proposed customer orientation constructs and relationship mediator of trust promote not only s-commerce shopping behavior through collaborative sharing and social shopping but also individual-based repeat buying decisions.

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18

Hardy, Catherine L. (Catherine Louise) Carleton University Dissertation Geography. "Community land trusts for affordable housing; a case study of the Burlington Community Land Trust." Ottawa, 1992.

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Le, Grand de Belleroche Diane. "La reconnaissance des trusts étrangers en droit français : étude comparative du concept anglais de trust et du contentiaux du droit des trusts en France." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010297.

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Né en Angleterre, le concept de trust y est indissociable du système juridique de l'Equity, contrairement aux acclimatations qui en ont été réalisées. Des litiges impliquant des trusts étrangers sont parfois soumis au juge français, même si le droit français ne reconnaît pas la notion de trust. Or le concept de trust ne va pas à l'encontre de la notion de patrimoine et de l'idée d'un numerus clausus des droits réels, qui sont remis en question dans le droit français contemporain. La conception française de l'ordre public successoral est, quant à elle, efficacement protégée. De plus, le juge français a toujours tenté de reconnaître les trusts étrangers, par la méthode de l'adaptation. Mais cela aboutit à des analogies forcées et erronées, que la ratification, par la France, de la Convention de La Haye du 1er juillet 1985, qui propose des règles de conflit de lois unifiées ainsi qu'une présentation harmonisée des caractéristiques et des effets des trusts, permettrait d'atténuer.

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20

Collinder, Eric, and Oskar Södergren. "Truth or Dare? : An exploration of Opinion Spam’s affect on dimensions of Brand Trust." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-64698.

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Consumer generated product reviews is a tool growing in popularity among e-retailers. On account of its many benefits and as the internet is continuously taking over as a market place this may come as no surprise. However, deception has found its way in with the intention to further extend these benefits and as reviews keep growing as a go-to tool for the practitioners – so does the phenomenon of brand generated opinion spam. Since legal repercussions of opinion spamming is found in theory to be largely absent, the authors sought for other facets of a brand that could potentially be influenced by this phenomenon. Aiming straight for the heart of a brand, namely brand trust. Taking a foothold in theory on brand trust as a psychological variable, the present thesis aims to explore how revealed opinion spam activities can affect brand trust. Through a qualitative and embedded case study, this thesis thereby aims to explore how brand trust is affected by opinion spam activities unveiled within brands, and ultimately contribute with a deeper understanding of this affect. Data was collected through two focus groups consisting of 14 participants in total, and as found – being engaged in opinion spam activities is a risky business. Brand generated opinion spam is found to influence the antecedents of brand trust negatively. Further research is advised to examine the relationship between opinion spam and brand trust extending beyond an exploratory stage. As antecedents of brand trust can be derived from an array of different constructs, and since brand trust is not uniformly defined in literature - varying sets of findings can surface depending on how brand trust is conceptualized. Brand generated opinion spam itself and its supposed affects ought to be examined further as this contemporary phenomenon is certainly on the horizon for most retailers operating online. "Dare to be true: nothing can need a lie; A fault which needs it most, grows two thereby." – George Herbert - 1633 Konsumentgenererade produktrecensioner är ett verktyg som växer i popularitet bland internetbaserade återförsäljare. På grund av dess många fördelar och eftersom internet kontinuerligt växer som marknadsplats är detta kanske ingen överraskning. Dock, har bedrägeri letat sig in i syfte att ytterligare utöka dessa fördelar allteftersom kundrecensioner fortsätter att växa som ett verktyg bland utövare, så kommer opinion spam – fenomenet att växa i takt. Då de juridiska påföljderna av opinion-spamming lyser med sin frånvaro i den vetenskapliga litteraturen, sökte författarna till denna avhandling efter andra aspekter av ett varumärke som potentiellt kan påverkas av detta fenomen. Med siktet inställt på hjärtat av ett varumärke, nämligen varumärkesförtroendet. Avhandlingen tar avstamp i teorier om varumärkesförtroende som en psykologisk variabel i syfte att undersöka hur ett avslöjade opinion spam-aktiviteter kan påverka just varumärkesförtroende. Genom en kvalitativ och en ”embedded” fallstudie syftar denna avhandling därmed till att undersöka hur varumärkesförtroende är påverkat av opinion-spammande aktiviteter som avslöjats inom varumärken, och bidra med en djupare förståelse av denna påverkan. Datan samlades in genom två fokusgrupper bestående av totalt 14 deltagare, och som påvisat är opinion-spamming en riskabel verksamhet. Varumärkesgenererad opinion-spamming har visat sig påverka förtroendet för varumärken negativt. Ytterligare forskning rekommenderas att undersöka förhållandet mellan opinion spam och varumärkesförtroende bortom ett förberedande stadium. Då förtroende för varumärken kan härledas från en rad olika konceptualiseringar, och eftersom varumärkesförtroende som en vetenskaplig term inte är enhetligt definierat i litteraturen – kan varierande uppsättningar av resultat genereras beroende på hur varumärkesförtroende som koncept är uppbyggt. Varumärkesproducerad opinion-spam i sig, och dess påverkan på förtroendet till varumärken borde undersökas ytterligare, detta eftersom det som ett kontemporärt fenomen ligger i riktlinjen för de flesta återförsäljare som är verksamma på internet.

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Vera, Rodríguez Manuel. "Estudio de las variaciones espaciales y temporales de la diversidad genética de la trucha común, Salmo trutta, en ríos de la Península Ibérica." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7624.

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Se ha analizado las causas de la distribución espacial de la variabilidad genética del ADN mitocondrial en poblaciones de trucha común de la cuenca del Duero y de los Pirineos Orientales. En total se han analizado de novo 49 localidades, 13 en la cuenca del río Duero y 36 en los principales ríos del Pirineo oriental. Además se analizaron las fluctuaciones temporales en 14 de las localidades del Pirineo Oriental. Estudios previos indican un marcado contraste de los patrones de diversidad entre ambos territorios. En la cuenca del río Duero los análisis confirmaron la presencia de los dos linajes matriarcales descritos previamente, el linaje Atlántico (AT) y el linaje Duero (DU). Los análisis de la varianza molecular (AMOVA) siguiendo una jerarquía hidrográfica sugirieron una alta estructuración de las poblaciones coincidente con los patrones ictiológicos observados en la cuenca. El linaje DU parece haber estado presente permanentemente en la cuenca interior del Duero, mientras que las zonas más próximas a la desembocadura han padecido diversas colonizaciones de trucha del linaje AT, que reflejarían los cambios climáticos ocurridos en el Cuaternario. Se ha detectado una discrepancia en el límite entre ambos grupos definidos por genes nucleares (alozimas) y el ADN mitocondrial. Estas discrepancias pueden ser debidas a un efecto más severo de la deriva genética en el ADN mitocondrial que en los marcadores nucleares. Sin embargo, en este trabajo se han observado evidencias a favor de selección en el ADN mitocondrial del linaje DU que también explicaría estas discrepancias. El análisis más exhaustivo en las cuencas de los Pirineos orientales, permitió detectar nuevos haplotipos mitocondriales de los linajes Adriático (AD) y Mediterráneo (ME). En esta región, los AMOVAs confirmaron que las diferencias entre poblaciones dentro de río son más importantes que las diferencias entre ríos. No obstante se observó un patrón de aislamiento por distancia en toda la zona, reflejo de la estructuración de las poblaciones en la cuenca del río Ebro. Además, aunque los AMOVAs mostraron que el componente temporal de la variación es inferior al espacial, las fluctuaciones temporales en la comparación matriarcal de las poblaciones resultaron estadísticamente significativas. Estas fluctuaciones están asociadas tanto a la deriva genética como a procesos de flujo génico entre poblaciones próximas. Dentro de las cuencas, los componentes de diferenciación entre afluentes son, en general, superiores a los obtenidos dentro de cada afluente, patrón que parece estar extendido en la trucha común. Los estudios a escala microgeográfica en la Noguera Vallferrera y Noguera Cardós (afluentes del Noguera Pallaresa) reprodujeron este patrón de diferenciación. Los tamaños efectivos y la tasa de migración entre ambos ríos fueron similares a los descritos en poblaciones noratlánticas. Los tamaños efectivos de las hembras (Nef), calculados a partir del ADN mitocondrial fueron menos de la mitad del tamaño efectivo total tanto en la Noguera Vallferrera como en el resto de localidades pirenaicas estudiadas. Estos bajos tamaños efectivos de las hembras serían también responsables de las fluctuaciones temporales observadas. Los ejemplares repoblados parecen hibridar poco con los nativos, pero su presencia podría intensificar indirectamente los procesos de deriva genética y complicar la conservación de los patrimonios genéticos nativos. Con la salvedad de la existencia de selección que favorece a los haplotipos del linaje DU, los procesos poblacionales que regulan la distribución de la variabilidad genética en la cuenca del Duero y en los Pirineos Orientales podrían ser parecidos y caracterizados por la existencia de múltiples demes interconectados a lo largo del curso fluvial. Brown trout populations from the River Duero basin and from Eastern Pyrenees rivers were analyzed to assess the reasons for contrasting patterns of genetic diversity. Altogether genetic diversity has been analyzed in 49 new collections, 13 from the River Duero basin and 36 from the main rivers of Eastern Pyrenees. Moreover, temporal samples from 14 Pyrenean locations were sampled to analyse temporal stability of the described structure. In these two areas previous studies indicated a strong contrast among diversity patterns in both territories. Results in the Duero basin confirmed the presence of the Atlantic (AT) and the Duero (DU) matriarchal lineages both previously described in this river basin. The analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) based on the hydrographical hierarchy indicated a high level of population structuring, in accordance with the icthiological pattern observed in this basin. The DU lineage permanently occupied the internal area of the River Duero basin, whereas zones close to the mouth of the river have suffered diverse waves of colonisations of trout belonging to the AT lineage, which would reflect the changes happened in the Quaternary. Discrepancies in the limits between both groups defined by nuclear genes (allozymes) and mitochondrial DNA have been detected. These discrepancies could be due to a more intense effect of genetic drift in mitochondrial DNA than in nuclear markers. Nevertheless, evidences in favour of selection in the mitochondrial DNA of the DU lineage have been described in this work, which also would explain this discrepancy. A detailed analysis of brown trout populations from rivers in the Eastern Pyrenees detected new mitochondrial haplotypes of the Adriatic (AD) and the Mediterranean (ME) lineages. In this region, the AMOVAs indicated that differences between populations within river were larger than differences between rivers. Nevertheless, a pattern of isolation by distance was observed in the whole zone, reflecting population structure within the River Ebro. The AMOVAs showed that the temporal component of the variation is lower than the spatial component, but the temporal fluctuations in the matriarchal comparison of the populations were statistically significant. These fluctuations were associated to both genetic drift and gene flow among close populations. Generally in the river basins, higher differentiation between than within stream was observed. This pattern seems to be widespread in brown trout. The studies on microgeographical scale undertaken in the Noguera Vallferrera and Noguera Cardós (tributaries of Noguera Pallaresa) reproduced the above pattern of differentiation. Effective population sizes and migration rate between both rivers were similar to those described in North-Atlantic populations. In the Noguera Vallferrera as well as in the rest of Pyrenean populations, the female effective sizes (Nef), calculated from mitochondrial DNA were less than a half of the total effective sizes detected. These low female effective sizes also contribute to the observed temporal fluctuations. Hatchery individuals hybridise poorly with the native one, but its presence could indirectly intensify genetic drift and complicate the conservation of the native genetic resources. In spite of selection favouring haplotypes of the DU lineage, population processes controlling the distribution of genetic variability in the Duero and the Eastern Pyrenees river basins could be similar and characterized by the existence of interconnected multiple demes throughout the fluvial course.

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Britt, William. "Seduction is Not Yet Betrayal: Trust and the Essence of Truth for Heidegger and Freud." Thesis, Boston College, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104065.

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Thesis advisor: Jeffrey Bloechl This project takes up the old question of the nature of truth by seeking to say, at one stroke, both what enables truth and falsity and what lets them matter to us so centrally. Somehow, we as human beings are fundamentally connected to a world in which the truth of statements and the genuineness of things can matter to us deeply and coherently. And yet, I try to show, this coherent unity between being and thinking can also be radically (if not always permanently) broken in the experience of psychosis. I argue that the source of that vulnerable unity must be a contingent event in which I find myself disposed trustingly toward the world, and therein find the world disclosed as trustworthy. Such primitive trust is phenomenally related to trusting a person, and Freudian psychoanalysis shows us that it develops psychologically through relation to a person. As what fundamentally structures self and world, however, this kind of attunement transcends psychology. Our very access to the being of things, i.e., to their compelling importance and organized significance, depends upon it. Thus, I support Martin Heidegger's account of the essence of truth as what first makes accessible the comparisons (between word and thing, for example) on which more traditional theories of truth are based. Yet I also confront Heidegger's phenomenological version of trust by highlighting what is at stake ontologically in our interpersonal psychic development, which psychoanalysis reveals to take place by way of seduction. Heidegger assumes that being must show itself, even if in a concealed way, and thus always takes absence as withdrawal or absencing, rather than as a radical break. By attending to the meaningful phenomena of psychosis, I defend the thesis that our relation to the world is instead opened up and sustained by a fundamental affective attunement (trust) that can dramatically fail. In other words, I try to show that we are exposed to a more radical kind of concealment than Heidegger's thinking of truth seems able to do justice to, a failure of being that can thoroughly overwhelm us Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2014 Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Discipline: Philosophy

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Roxan, Ian. "The trust as an economic institution : a study of the nature and taxation of trusts in Canada." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385467.

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Neto, Alexandra Maria Mendes Guerra Ferreira e. Silva. "Efeitos do 17β-estradiol e de alquilfenóis (pseudo-estrogénios) nos peroxissomas hepáticos de truta fário (Salmo trutta)". Master's thesis, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/9891.

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Neto, Alexandra Maria Mendes Guerra Ferreira e. Silva. "Efeitos do 17β-estradiol e de alquilfenóis (pseudo-estrogénios) nos peroxissomas hepáticos de truta fário (Salmo trutta)". Dissertação, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/9891.

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Baca, Jara Randolph Rafael. "Aislamiento e identificación bioquímica de Aeromonas salmonicida en truchas arcoiris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) en fase juvenil en una piscigranja de la región Junín." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/16331.

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El documento digital no refiere asesor Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autor Determina el aislamiento e identificación bioquímica de cepas de Aeromonas salmonicida, como agentes causantes de “Furunculosis” en truchas arcoíris (Onchorhynchus mykiss) en etapa juvenil del Centro Piscícola “Arco Iris”, Junín (3 430 msnm de altitud). Se seleccionaron 30 truchas con signos clínicos sugerentes de enfermedad, a los cuales se les realizó: 1) examen macroscópico externo, 2) examen macroscópico interno, 3) toma de muestras de riñón y bazo y aislamiento bacteriano en Agar tripticasa soya (TSA) y 4) identificación fenotípica bacteriana con coloración gram, morfología y análisis bioquímico. Los peces presentaron alteraciones macroscópicas externas de mayor frecuencia como branquias congestionadas y melanosis de la piel e internas relevantes como palidez hepática, hepatomegalia, hemorragias petequiales en hígado, en ciegos pilóricos y en grasa peritoneal, así como esplenomegalia. También se observó descamaciones focalizadas, así como ulceraciones epiteliales en diversos grados. De las muestras de riñón y bazo, sembradas en Agar Tripticasa Soya se aislaron 32 cepas bacterianas, de las cuales 28 (85%) cepas fueron gramnegativas y según la caracterización fenotípica por morfología, tinción gram y pruebas bioquímicas, 7 cepas (22 %) fueron consideradas como Aeromonas salmonicida y 1 cepa como Aeromonas hydrophiila. Se concluye que en la piscigraja están presentes las Aeromonas salmonicida causando cuadros de furunculosis pero en muy baja frecuencia.

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Aguilar, Luis Miguel Angel. "Efecto inmunoestimulantes de una dieta suplementada con paredes celulares de una cepa nativa de Saccharomyces cerevisiae, en juveniles de Oncorhynchus mykiss (trucha arcoíris)." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/10910.

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Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autor Señala que la acuicultura es el sector productivo de la alimentación que crece más rápidamente en el mundo. En Peru, la Oncorhynchus mykiss (trucha arcoíris) es una de las especies comerciales más explotadas y el principal problema en su crianza es la susceptibilidad que presentan los estadios juveniles a enfermedades propias de animales en cautiverio. Por ello, hay un creciente interés en el manejo de las dietas de los peces con productos de origen natural para mejorar su inmunidad, aumentar su supervivencia e incrementar la producción. El objetivo fue determinar el efecto inmunoestimulante de las paredes celulares de Saccharomyces cerevisiae nativa, como suplemento dietario en juveniles de Oncorhynchus mykiss (trucha arcoíris). Se suplementó el alimento comercial con paredes celulares obtenidas mediante choque térmico (WC1) y autolisis (WC2). Después de dos semanas de aclimatación, dos grupos de truchas (n=25) fueron alimentadas con las dietas experimentales WC1 y WC2, mientras que el grupo control (n=25) fue alimentado con pienso comercial. Luego de diez semanas de alimentación, se analizó la actividad de la lisozima, la actividad hemolítica del complemento, la capacidad fagocítica y la explosión respiratoria en leucocitos de riñón anterior. Las dietas suplementadas con paredes celulares de levadura nativa WC1 y WC2 incrementaron significativamente los parámetros de la respuesta inmune innata de los grupos experimentales respecto al grupo control (p<0.05). Entre las dietas WC1 y WC2 no se encontraron diferencias significativas (p>0.05). Se concluye que las paredes celulares de Saccharomyces cerevisiae nativa incorporadas en la dieta de truchas juveniles mejoran sustancialmente la inmunidad innata. Tesis

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Gouret, Camille. "L'administration fiduciaire : Contribution à l'étude de la fiducie." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTD052.

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Arrivée à ces noces d’étain, la fiducie continue de déranger autant qu’elle déroute. Alors que tout oppose la prétendue propriété fiduciaire de la propriété, la doctrine, presque à l’unisson, défend ce mariage contre-nature. Pour administrer le patrimoine créé pour l’occasion, le fiduciaire se verrait confier la toute puissance d’un propriétaire, qu’il faudrait immédiatement s’empresser de contenir pour que fiduciant et bénéficiaire ne se retrouvent pas démunis face au fiduciaire roi dans son royaume. Pourquoi persister en ce sens ? N’est-il pas possible de puiser dans nos catégories juridiques au lieu de les épuiser ? Assurément, la réponse est positive. En replaçant l’affectation voulue par les parties au contrat au cœur de l’opération et en acceptant de sortir des sentiers battus, il est possible de rendre au fiduciaire sa véritable place, celle d’un administrateur de patrimoine doté de pouvoirs propres. L’analyse alternative proposée permettra à la fois d’éclairer le régime applicable, de lever certaines zones d’ombre et d’accroître l’efficacité de l’opération, en offrant au fiduciant et au bénéficiaire les moyens de faire face à un fiduciaire peu scrupuleux Introduced in the french law since ten years yet, the french trust, as know as « fiducie », keeps destabilising. While everything seems oppose that so-called fiduciary property and the real property, the doctrine preaches for assimilation. To manage the fiduciary estate, the trustee is said to own the whole power as a proprietor, but wich has to be straight away limited to spare the settler and the sestui que trust findind themeselves helpless in front of a powerfully trustee. Why then to prevail in this way ? Isn’t it possible to deal with others mechanism of the legal arsenal instead of altering it ? Doubtlessly, a positive answer has to be given. To focus attention on the allocation (affectation) and to depart from the beaten tracks, allow to take back the trustee his rightful palce : he is an estate manager provided with inherent powers. The analyse suggested succeed in explaining the legal regime, clarifying doubts and increasing effectiveness thanks to means for settler and sestui que trust to deal with a careless trustee

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Griffiths, Melanie Bethan Elaine. "Who is who now? : truth, trust and identification in the British asylum and immigration detention system." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.665292.

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This thesis examines the role of identity and practices of identification in the British asylum system. Identity has become a 'keyword' (Shore and Wright 1997a) of asylum policy, despite its absence from the Refugee Convention and most international refugee protection guidance. The 'problem' and 'solution' of asylum have been reconceptualised as issues of identification. Ascertaining 'true' identities has become pivotal to the asylum system: from a claimant's arrival to the deciding of their claim and removal of those refused refugee status. Subtly differing models of identity are employed by the UK Border Agency to these ends. Over the course of an asylum claim, an initial emphasis on a bureaucratised identity shifts towards a bodycentred model. Drawing on 18 months of anthropological research with asylum seekers living in Oxford or incarcerated in a near-by Immigration Removal Centre, the thesis considers how the policy-level emphasis on identification feeds into tensions within the asylum system. For multiple reasons, asylum seekers and immigration detainees often struggle to have their identities accepted by the authorities. Reasons include their absence from identity databases, ignprance of 'key' identifiers, fabrication, withholding of information and a paucity of identity documents. Claimant's identities are also critically examined as part of refugee determination. As a result, asylum seekers often have disputed identities, lack bureaucratically-recognised identities or have multiple identities. An examination of the disjuncture between having one identity disputed and another officially confirmed, shows that people become 'stuck' in the system, are susceptible to criminalisation and are subject to exceptional treatment such as indefinite detention. Although being beyond identification techniques can provide opportunities and means for resistance, it also disempowers and marginalises non-citizens. As identity verification requirements continue to infiltrate the wider British society, those people beyond such techniques become increasingly bureaucratically problematic, and are simultaneously threatening and vulnerable to the state apparatus. By reconfiguring asylum and removal as matters of identification, the political dimension of the system is masked Qya veneer of administrative neutrality, and any incidents of illegibility or anonymity are portrayed as the responsibility and choice of the individual rather than matters of technology, power, bureaucracy or cultural difference.

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Pires, Daniel Filipe Carvalho Miranda. "Estudo sobre a reprodução da truta, Salmo trutta L., em meio natural, com especial incidência no comportamento reprodutor." Master's thesis, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/9859.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Ecologia Aplicada apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto A reprodução da truta, Salmo trutta, tem sido pouco focada nos estudos sobre esta espécie efectuados em Portugal. No entanto, esta fase do ciclo de vida é crítica para a perpetuação da espécie e o seu estudo pode ser um instrumento útil na gestão deste recurso que apresenta uma importância económica considerável ao nível da pesca desportiva. No Outono e Inverno de 2001-2002 a reprodução de Salmo trutta foi acompanhada no Rio Estorãos, bacia hidrográfica do Lima. O período reprodutor iniciou-se a 4 de Janeiro de 2002 e prolongou-se até 3 de Fevereiro. O aumento do caudal nos dias anteriores a 4 de Janeiro aparenta ter sido o factor despoletador das actividades reprodutoras.Detectou-se actividade reprodutora em cinco locais do troço inferior do rio Estorãos. Estes locais estavam situados em zonas com um substrato composto por cascalho e com uma aceleração de corrente coincidindo com descrições anteriores de zonas de desova.Em dois destes locais efectuou-se o registo vídeo do comportamento reprodutor. No total filmaram-se onze situações de acasalamento consumado. Nos locais de desova verificou-se a utilização de diferentes tácticas de acasalamento por parte dos machos. Desta forma pudemos distinguir machos dominantes, satélites e furtivos. Nas nossas observações os machos dominantes obtiveram um maior número de posturas. As fêmeas também apresentaram comportamentos diferentes, algumas foram observadas a acasalar por mais que um dia executando várias posturas, enquanto que outras acasalaram apenas um dia e executaram apenas uma postura.A progressão dos comportamentos, associados à reprodução, observada é semelhante à descrita por outros trabalhos de salmonídeos realizados em meio experimental. Nas observações foram identificados alguns fenómenos que podem diminuir o sucesso da reprodução, tais como o retardamento da postura e a sobre escavação e a sobreposição de posturas. A intervenção humana, notória nos locais de desova encontrados podem acentuar estes fenó ...

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Pires, Daniel Filipe Carvalho Miranda. "Estudo sobre a reprodução da truta, Salmo trutta L., em meio natural, com especial incidência no comportamento reprodutor." Dissertação, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/9859.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Ecologia Aplicada apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto A reprodução da truta, Salmo trutta, tem sido pouco focada nos estudos sobre esta espécie efectuados em Portugal. No entanto, esta fase do ciclo de vida é crítica para a perpetuação da espécie e o seu estudo pode ser um instrumento útil na gestão deste recurso que apresenta uma importância económica considerável ao nível da pesca desportiva. No Outono e Inverno de 2001-2002 a reprodução de Salmo trutta foi acompanhada no Rio Estorãos, bacia hidrográfica do Lima. O período reprodutor iniciou-se a 4 de Janeiro de 2002 e prolongou-se até 3 de Fevereiro. O aumento do caudal nos dias anteriores a 4 de Janeiro aparenta ter sido o factor despoletador das actividades reprodutoras.Detectou-se actividade reprodutora em cinco locais do troço inferior do rio Estorãos. Estes locais estavam situados em zonas com um substrato composto por cascalho e com uma aceleração de corrente coincidindo com descrições anteriores de zonas de desova.Em dois destes locais efectuou-se o registo vídeo do comportamento reprodutor. No total filmaram-se onze situações de acasalamento consumado. Nos locais de desova verificou-se a utilização de diferentes tácticas de acasalamento por parte dos machos. Desta forma pudemos distinguir machos dominantes, satélites e furtivos. Nas nossas observações os machos dominantes obtiveram um maior número de posturas. As fêmeas também apresentaram comportamentos diferentes, algumas foram observadas a acasalar por mais que um dia executando várias posturas, enquanto que outras acasalaram apenas um dia e executaram apenas uma postura.A progressão dos comportamentos, associados à reprodução, observada é semelhante à descrita por outros trabalhos de salmonídeos realizados em meio experimental. Nas observações foram identificados alguns fenómenos que podem diminuir o sucesso da reprodução, tais como o retardamento da postura e a sobre escavação e a sobreposição de posturas. A intervenção humana, notória nos locais de desova encontrados podem acentuar estes fenó ...

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Araguas, Solà Rosa M. "Aplicació de mètodes genètics en l'avaluació de la gestió per a la conservació de poblacions de truita comuna, Salmo trutta." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7637.

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Durant anys, el principal mètode de gestió de les poblacions de truita comuna (Salmo trutta L.) ha estat la repoblació amb exemplars exògens. El seguiment genètic de les poblacions de truita comuna dels Pirineus orientals, realitzat en aquest tesi, indica que els al.lels procedents d'aquestes repoblacions estan conduint a una homogeneització de les poblacions naturals i a la pèrdua de la seva història evolutiva. D'aquí la importància de la detecció de la introgressió en el desenvolupament de noves estratègies de gestió i conservació de les poblacions d'aquesta espècie. En aquest treball, s'ha avaluat l'eficàcia de diferents marcadors i mètodes que ens ofereix la genètica de poblacions en la detecció de la introgressió present a les poblacions naturals. Alhora que s'ha analizat la influència que han tingut les reserves genètiques, aplicades amb posterioritat a les repoblacions, i que intenten equilibrar l'explotació i la conservació dels recursos genètics de les poblacions natives. For many years, the primary strategy to maintain or increase brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) population size has been stocking with exogenous individuals. Results on genetic monitoring of brown trout populations in the eastern Pyrenees, carried out in this thesis, indicates that hatchery alleles are diluting native gene pools, leading to a genetic homogenization of native populations and the loss of evolutionary history of this specie. In this context, it is very important the continuous monitoting of the levels of introgression in wild populations to properly develop management and conservation strategies for populations of this specie. In this work, the efficiency of different genetic markers and methods for detecting introgression in natural populations has been evaluated. Moreover, we evaluated the influence of the new management approaches, genetic refuges, aimed to avoid introgression and preserve native genetic diversity remaining in wild populations.

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Chávez, Linares Evelyn Lisseth. "Frecuencia y características de lesiones anatomohistopatológicas compatibles con alteraciones metabólicas relacionadas a energía y/o proteínas en la dieta de truchas arcoiris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) de fase juvenil." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3120.

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El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de lesiones anatomohistopatológicas compatibles con alteraciones metabólicas relacionadas a energía y/o proteínas en la dieta de truchas arcoiris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) de fase juvenil. Se colectaron aleatoriamente 40 peces de una piscigranja ubicada en las provincia de Huancayo-Junín, tomándose principalmente muestras de hígado, riñón, branquias, estómago y bazo. Entre los hallazgos macroscópicos compatibles con alteraciones metabólicas observados con mayor frecuencia fue el hígado graso, caracterizado por una coloración marrón pálida en un 67.5% (27/40). En cuanto, a las lesiones histopatológicas compatibles con las alteraciones metabólicas se encontró degeneración grasa 97.5% (39/40), predominantemente en grado IV y la degeneración hialina en túbulos renales, 62.5% (25/40) y tan sólo 7.5% en glándulas gástricas de estómago. En branquias, los cambios de crecimiento como la hiperplasia (30/40), fusión (29/40) y atrofia lamelar (29/40) en un 75% y 72.5%, respectivamente, representando las lesiones de más alta frecuencia. En base a los hallazgos, se concluye que las lesiones compatibles con alteraciones metabólicas se observaron en una alta frecuencia, principalmente las relacionadas a exceso de proteína como la degeneración hialina en riñón y estómago, y la degeneración grasa en hígado por desbalance de energía. Finalmente, las lesiones en branquias sugieren una asociación entre alteraciones metabólicas y su efecto contaminante en el medio acuático. --- The purpose of this study was to determine frequency the presentation of anothomohistopathologycal lesions compatibles with metabolic disorders related to energy and proteins in the diet of juvenile Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss ). Forty fish were collected randomly from the one trout hatchery, located in Huancayo-Junín, mainly taking samples of liver, kidney, gill, stomach and spleen. Between the macroscopic findings compatible with metabolic alterations observed with major frequency it was the fatty liver characterized by a brown pale coloration in 67.5% (27/40). As soon as, to the lesions histopatológicas compatible the metabolic alterations were found fat degeneration 97.5% (39/40), predominantly in grade IV and hyaline degeneration in renal tubules, 62.5% (25/40) and only 7.5% in glands gastric stomach. In gills, changes in growth such as hyperplasia (30/40), fusion (29/40) and lamellar atrophy (29/40) by 75% and 72.5% respectively, representing the highest frequency of lesions. Based on the findings, concluded that the lesions compatible the metabolic disorders were observed in a high frequency, principally related to excessive protein as hyaline degeneration in the kidney and stomach, and fatty degeneration in liver for balancing energy. Finally, the lesions on gills suggest an association between metabolic disorders and their polluting effect on the aquatic environment. Tesis

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Yapuchura, Sayco Angélica. "Producción y comercialización de truchas en el departamento de Puno y nuevo paradigma de producción." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2002. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/2674.

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Se trata de la Producción y Comercialización de truchas de las empresas productoras del departamento de Puno, donde se determina la capacidad de producción, el mercado de comercialización, las técnicas de promoción empleando el método descriptivo de la investigación. En base a este estudio se plantea un diseño de una gestión eficiente para las Empresas Productoras Asociadas de truchas, mediante un planeamiento estratégico y un modelo de Investigación de Operaciones. -- Obtained degree: M.S:C: in systems and operations research, It is about production and dealing of trouts of the productive enterprises of Puno´s department, where it gives the capacity of production, the market of dealing, the promotions methode and the profits to succeed in of each year of production using the search descriptive plan. Speaking about this study, they make a design of a great and excellent job, to the Trouts productive enterprises, Making a strategic design and a operation research model. Tesis

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Trusty, Paul Evan. "Impact of severe fire on ectomycorrhizal fungi of whitebark pine seedlings." Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2009/trusty/TrustyP0509.pdf.

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Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is a threatened keystone species in subalpine zones of Western North America critical to watersheds and maintenance of high elevation biodiversity. Pine nuts are an important food for wildlife including grizzly bears. Whitebark pine stands have experienced losses up to 90% due to white pine blister rust, mountain pine beetles and replacement due to fire suppression. Active management strategies include letting natural fires burn or applying prescribed fires to clear understory fir, stimulate seedling regeneration and provide openings for nutcrackers to plant seeds. However, post-fire plantings of rust-resistant seedlings have low survival rates. This study evaluated the impact of fire on the mycorrhizal fungi which are obligate mutualists with whitebark pine and to address management concerns. The 2001 Fridley fire burned a portion of a mature whitebark pine forest and a year later 20,000 seedlings were planted. After four years, natural and planted seedlings, on the burn and controls in the adjacent unburned forest were well colonized by mycorrhizal fungi (>90%) although a portion may be nursery E-strain. The severe burn reduced mycorrhizal diversity 27% on natural and planted seedlings and caused a significant shift in mycorrhizal species (determined by ITS sequencing, principal component analysis and multidimensional scaling). Seedlings in the burn (natural and planted) were dominated by Pseudotomentella nigra, Wilcoxina species and Amphinema byssoides while natural seedlings in unburned forest hosted mainly Cenococcum geophilum and Piloderma byssinum. Differences were minimal between planted and natural seedlings in the burn, but roots of planted pines retained the container shape. The functional significance of a species shift to seedling survival is not yet known. Seedlings in all treatments hosted suilloid fungi (Rhizopogon, Suillus) important in pine establishment. A greenhouse bioassay of burned and unburned soils using nursery seedlings did not reflect the full diversity found in the field study, but did reveal suilloid fungi indicating that bioassays can be used as a pre-planting assessment tool for this group. Despite high mycorrhization and availability of suilloids, seedling survival was low (22-42%) suggesting the timing/type of mycorrhization and/or other biotic/abiotic factors are a concern.

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Lehmke, Stephan [Verfasser]. "Logics which allow Degrees of Truth and Degrees of Validity : a way of handling graded truth assessment and graded trust assessment within a single framework / Stephan Lehmke." Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Technische Universität Dortmund, 2005. http://d-nb.info/1011533286/34.

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Durr, David W. "Three Essays on Real Estate Investment Trusts and Financial Markets." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278203/.

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This dissertation is structured as three essays on real estate investment trusts and financial markets. It addresses the financial performance and systematic risk of different REIT types, the information content of REIT bankruptcies, and the effect of recent tax law changes on the REIT industry.

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Pereira, Agostinho Antunes. "História evolutiva da truta, Salmo trutta L. : Estrutura genética no limite sul da distribuição Atlântica e filogeografia na região Euroasiática." Doctoral thesis, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/9743.

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Pereira, Agostinho Antunes. "História evolutiva da truta, Salmo trutta L. : Estrutura genética no limite sul da distribuição Atlântica e filogeografia na região Euroasiática." Tese, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/9743.

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Janampa, Sarmiento Peter Charrie. "Efecto del periodo de lluvias y estiaje (seca) sobre la prevalencia de Renibacterium salmoninarum en truchas arcoiris (oncorhynchus mykiss) en una piscigranja del valle del mantaro." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1563.

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El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el incremento de la precipitación pluvial sobre la prevalencia de Renibacterium salmoninarum detectado a partir de muestras de tejido (riñón y bazo) de truchas arcoíris en una piscigranja ubicada en la cuenca del valle del Mantaro. El trabajo se realizó en una piscigranja del departamento de Junín, en la provincias de Huancayo, en los meses de agosto, setiembre noviembre y febrero, durante el periodo de ciclo de lluvias 2011-2012. La fuente hídrica de la piscigranja es el rio Chiapuquio, perteneciente a la cuenca del Valle del Mantaro. Las truchas fueron colectadas al azar y provenían de ovas nacionales y americanas. Se colectaron 60 animales por muestreo, 240 truchas en total por piscigranja, considerando una prevalencia de 5%. Los peces se recolectaron en relación al ciclo de lluvias en el valle del Mantaro. Agosto (Temporada seca), Setiembre, Noviembre (Temporada de inicio de lluvias), y Febrero (Temporada de lluvias).Se extrajo el ADN de riñón y bazo mediante la técnica de fenol-cloroformo y se realizó el PCR tiempo real, no obteniéndose genoma de Renibacterium salmoninarum en ninguna de las muestras, en ninguno de las temporadas del ciclo de lluvias. Se concluye que la prevalencia de Renibacterium salmoninarum en la piscigranja de estudio es 0%, por tanto no se pudo establecer asociación entre el ciclo de lluvias y la prevalencia de Renibacterium salmoninarum. Palabras Claves: Ciclo de lluvias, cambio climático, BKD, Renibacterium salmoninarum, PCR tiempo real, Oncorhynchus mykiss --- The aim of this study was to determine the increase in rainfall on the prevalence of Renibacterium salmoninarum detected from tissue samples (kidney and spleen) of rainbow trout in a fish farm located in the Mantaro Valley basin. The study was conducted at a fish farm in the department of Junín, in the province of Huancayo, in the months of August, September, November and February, during the rain cycle 2011-2012. The water source for the fish farm is Chiapuquio river belongs to the basin of the Mantaro Valley. The trout were randomly collected and eggs were from National and American. 60 animals were collected per sample, 240 total trout fish farm, considering a prevalence of 5%. Fish were collected in relation to the cycle of rainfall in the Mantaro Valley. August (dry season), September, November (rainy season start), and February (rainy season). DNA was extracted from kidney and spleen by phenol-chloroform technique and performed the real time PCR, yielding no Renibacterium salmoninarum genome in any of the samples, none of the rainy season cycle. We conclude that the prevalence of Renibacterium salmoninarum in fish farm study is 0%, so could not be established association between the rain cycle and prevalence of Renibacterium salmoninarum. Keywords: rain cycle, climate change, BKD, Renibacterium salmoninarum, real-time PCR, Oncorhynchus mykiss Tesis

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GUTH, RYAN K. "HOME TRUTHS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1020970327.

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Handler, Sheryl L. "The public trust : real trust." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67373.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1985. MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. Bibliography: leaves 303-312. by Sheryl L. Handler. Ph.D.

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Remde, Julia [Verfasser]. "Der Trust als Gestaltungsmittel der Vermögensverselbständigung und des Vermögensschutzes : am Beispiel des Trusts nach dem Recht der US-amerikanischen Bundesstaaten / Julia Remde." Frankfurt : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1042413541/34.

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Gomes, José Miguel Pereira. "a inclusão de alimento vivo no desenvolvimento do estímulo predatório e na performance de crescimento de juvenis de truta comum (salmo trutta)"." Master's thesis, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/18655.

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Bhoobun, Dineshwar. "Trusts and tax general anti-avoidance rules does the new GAAR prevent selected common structured transactions involving the interposition of a trust?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10160.

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Includes bibliographical references. General anti avoidance provisions ("GAAR") in the Income Tax Act and the accompanying judicial doctrines have been developed to combat schemes that are designed primarily to avoid the incidence of taxation by exploitating the loopholes in the Act. On the other hand, trusts in South Africa have commonly been used as a means to warehouse and freeze assets in order to minimise estate duty and also in schemes designed to minimise or escape income tax and donations tax. In South Africa the GAAR provisions (sections 80A and 80L) are fairly new and there is no case law yet to provide guidance on the depth and its scope of application. This dissertation seeks to analyse the impact that the new provisions of the general anti avoidance rules and the so-called judicial doctrines have on transactions or schemes involving a trust. It will also try to answer whether the previous general anti avoidance rules (section 103(1) was effective against these schemes/transactions and, if not, whether the new provisions are effective against previously successful schemes/transactions.

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Gomes, José Miguel Pereira. "a inclusão de alimento vivo no desenvolvimento do estímulo predatório e na performance de crescimento de juvenis de truta comum (salmo trutta)"." Dissertação, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/18655.

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Brundage, David. "'Hot shoes' : a novel (selections and summaries and a critical paper) ; Canadian truth and reconciliation : settler-invader, damage, and trust." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2016. http://repository.uwtsd.ac.uk/701/.

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“Canadian Truth and Reconciliation: Settler-invader, Damage, and Trust” My story of Murphy and The Blue Gold ocean liner transporting non-Aboriginal people of the former Canada back to their nations of ancestry responds to contemporary Canada entering a new era of truth and reconciliation, recognizing acts of cultural genocide and persisting racism. Non-Aboriginal fiction on the damaged relationship to date has gone only so far in using accountability as catalyst and guide for a newly imagined vision of distinct peoples in a shared land. Historically, the relationship shifted from separate worlds to trade and military alliances to a colonial push toward both apartheid and assimilation. World views differed greatly. Although the Aboriginal view promised more for future harmony and environmental health, the encroaching non-Aboriginal view with its stress on colonialism, “progress” and consumption took command. Two segregated streams of literature developed, the non-Aboriginal one dominant. The myth of the “vanishing Indian” presided. Seven categories of non-Aboriginal fiction that skirts or deals in some partial way with the damaged relationship can be defined; the vanishing or vanished Indian myth generally pervades seven of these and troubles the eighth. Murphy’s story, on the other hand, asserts that Indigenous people and cultures are absolutely still here and will be long into the future. The rest of us just haven’t really seen them. If we do, we may begin to work more effectively toward the welfare of an endangered planet. As an artist who travels to an “exotic” new world (2172) where he encounters Aboriginal people, Murphy evokes the figure of the frontier artist Paul Kane, and the question arises: will he apply his art in the old colonial way or will he vie for something new that recognizes our second chance at a relationship.

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Mamani, Arteaga Luisa E. "Contribución al análisis de la comercialización de la trucha en el mercado regional, extra-regional e internacional de la Asociación de Productores Brisas de Titicaca-Puno." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/859.

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El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como ámbito de estudio en las Comunidades Campesinas de: Raya, Cusipata, Barco y Chucuito, ubicados en la Sub Unidad Geográfica Circunlacustre de la Región Puno, Provincia Puno, Distrito de Chucuito, en donde a partir del año 1998, 62 productores de trucha se han agrupado y organizado formando la “Asociación de Productores de Trucha Brisas del Titicaca” con el fin de dedicarse a la producción, comercialización e industrialización de la trucha en el mercado local, regional, extrarregional e internacional. Tiene como objetivos principales: a. Contribuir a incrementar la demanda de la trucha en el mercado regional, extrarregional (Lima Metropolitana) e internacional, dinamizando la comercialización directamente del productor al consumidor, en un mercado no monopsomico, con el apoyo del Gobierno Central y Gobierno Regional. b. Contribuir al crecimiento de las exportaciones de la trucha, logrando que la Asociación de Productores de Trucha Brisas del Titicaca también exporte su producción al mercado internacional. c. Promover la industrialización de la trucha con fines de exportación, directamente de los productores puneños, sin la intervención de acopiadores intermediarios, aprovechando las oportunidades de intercambio comercial promovido por el Foro de Cooperación Económica Asia Pacifico (APEC), Programa Sierra Exportadora. Lo que se pretende con el presente trabajo de investigación es contribuir al desarrollo de la Comercialización de la Trucha directamente del productor al consumidor en los mercados: Regional, Extrarregional (Lima Metropolitana) e Internacional, de la Asociación de Productores de Trucha Brisas del Titicaca, mejorando el nivel de vida de los productores de trucha, aliviando la pobreza, generando mas ingresos y puestos de trabajo, mejorando la salud de los consumidores, siendo la trucha peruana un alimento de alto valor nutritivo para el ser humano en todas sus etapas de desarrollo, es una fuente rica en componentes minerales como el calcio, fósforo, sodio, potasio, omega3. Para el desarrollo del estudio de investigación se han empleado los siguientes métodos: a. Método Deductivo.- método de investigación científica preponderantemente experimental, cuyos procedimientos metodológicos son: la síntesis, razonamiento, comparación de resultados y su respectiva evaluación. b. Método Estadístico.- la estadística económica centra su atención en la recolección, procesamiento y presentación de cifras económicas, para su análisis e interpretación económica. La recolección de datos ha constituido la materia prima del trabajo econométrico. c. Método Econométrico.- ciencia social en la cual las herramientas de la Teoría Económica, la Economía Matemática y la Inferencia Estadística se han aplicado al análisis de los fenómenos económicos. En el desarrollo del presente trabajo de investigación se ha empleado la Econometría Teórica y la Econometría Aplicada para la estimación de los modelos econométricos de la producción de trucha. En cuanto a la producción nacional de trucha, la Región Puno ocupa el 1er.lugar con el 70.24 %; en 2do. lugar esta la Región Junín con el 16.28 % ; mientras que la Asociación de Productores de Trucha Brisas del Titicaca produce el 1.88 % de la producción nacional. El desarrollo del presente trabajo de investigación a conllevado a determinar que el consumo percápita de la trucha en el Perú es de 0.34 kg/hab., en la Región Puno es de 1.81 kg/hab. y en la Región Lima es de 0.11 kg/ha. En el ámbito Internacional, se ha llegado a determinar que el consumo percápita de la trucha en Estados Unidos de America es de 0.084 kg/hab., mientras que en el País de Alemania es de 0.26 kg./hab., en el resto de países por falta de información no se ha podido determinar el consumo percápita. En el mercado de la Región Lima, si el consumo percápita de la trucha se incrementa de 0.11 kg/hab a 0.50 kg/hab, entonces en el año 2012 Lima tendrá una demanda insatisfecha de – 4,339 T.M., en el 2015 alcanzara a – 4,550 T.M. y en el año 2020 aumentara a – 4,931 T.M. Parte de esta demanda insatisfecha será cubierta con la producción de la Asociación de Productores de Trucha Brisas del Titicaca de Puno. En el Mercado Internacional del País de Alemania, si se incrementa el consumo percápita de la trucha de 0.26 kg/hab. a 0.6 kg/hab, entonces la demanda insatisfecha de este país crecerá desde -28,061 T.M en el 2012 hasta -29,722 T.M. en. el 2020. De igual forma en el Mercado Internacional del País de Estados Unidos de Norteamérica, si se incrementa el consumo percápita de la trucha de 0.084 kg/hab a 0.1 kg/hab, entonces la demanda insatisfecha de este país crecerá desde -13,574 T.M. en el año 2012 hasta -22,248 T.M en el 2020. Mercados internacionales bastante atractivos para que la Asociación de Productores de Trucha Brisas del Titicaca de Puno también pueda exportar, con el apoyo del Gobierno Central, Gobierno Regional, Ministerio de la Producción, PROMPEX, SIERRA EXPORTADORA, entre otras Entidades Gubernamentales, contribuyendo de esta manera a recuperar el crecimiento de las exportaciones de la trucha peruana del año 2008 con respecto al año 2007, cuyo descenso fue muy significativo reduciéndose de 10.8% a 4.8% de la producción total, mientras que en otros Países como Chile, Dinamarca y Noruega sus exportaciones han crecido notablemente en 54.9 %, 64.9 % y 61.9% de su producción total. Nuestro País con una producción de la trucha en crecimiento, participa con apenas el 0.79 % de la producción mundial, mientras que por el lado de las exportaciones participa con solo el 0.27 % de la exportación mundial. -- In Puno Region fishing is important for the people are living near Titicaca Lake, this activity is complementary to the activity farming-cattle, and fishing is important because the people have employment and they are working for earn much money for their family. In Peru, the first producer trouts is the Puno Region with 70.24 % of the national production, while Producers’ Association “Brisas del Titicaca- Puno” to produce 1.88 % of the national production. The Producers’ trout Association “Brisas del Titicaca- Puno” have many problems of marketing in the regional, national and international markets, they didn’t get help of the government. I interested about these problems for to do this investigation study : “Trout marketing in the Regional, National and International markets of the Producers’ Association “Brisas del Titicaca” in Puno. In Peru there is one enterprise selling trout “arco iris” to some markets international, it is “Piscifactoria de los Andes” while in Chile there are 133 enterprises exporting salmon trout to many countries of the world. In the last years and this year 2011, in Supermarkets Metro, Wong and Plaza Vea are selling salmon trout imported from Chile , the prices “salmon trout” ( S/ 12.90 news soles for kg) are below the prices “arco iris trout” ( S/ 14.90 news soles for kg). The main objectives are: - To promote the increase eating trouts in Lima and other countries of the world. - To contribute to the growth of exportation of trout to international markets. - To promote the training of trouts producers. - To promote in the medium term the industrialization of trout. This investigation study has demostrated, there are many markets and supermarkets, public and private institutions where the producers’ trout are going to sell their production at the next years. In this study used: deductive, statistical and econometric methods. This study recommend, to eat enough “trout arco iris” why it’s healthy food. Tesis

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Bautista, del Río Karen Elízabet. "Detección de la presencia del virus de Necrosis Hematopoyética Epizoótica (EHNv) en truchas arcoíris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) criadas en piscigranjas de sistemas semi-intensivos de la sierra del Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/7444.

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Busca la detección del EHNv en truchas de piscigranjas de las regiones de Áncash, Junín y Huancavelica. Se muestrearon 111 peces enfermos con sintomatologías del proceso viral, tomando la estimación del tamaño muestral en función de la prevalencia a detectar y el tamaño del lote de la OIE estimando una prevalencia del 5%. Se tomaron muestras de hígado, bazo y riñón anterior, los cuales fueron conservados a -196°C. Las muestras de cada tejido fueron procesadas para la extracción del ADN viral, el cual sirvió de molde para realizar el PCR utilizando los cebadores MCP-1 en la metodología propuesta por la OIE y con el kit comercial “Vet PCR TM EHNV Detection Kit”. No se detectó el ADN viral en las muestras trabajadas, indicando que la prevalencia del virus es menor al 5% o no está presente en las piscigranjas muestreadas. Si bien no se encontró la presencia del agente en las piscigranjas estudiadas, esta investigación ha significado el inicio de investigaciones que buscan establecer las epidemiologías de los agentes virales reportables a nivel internacional y que afectan el comercio internacional de los peces y sus productos. Tesis

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Cavieres, Barraza Carola Loreto. "Determinación de la pérdida de calidad funcional, química, sensorial y microbiológica del belly de trucha arcoiris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) durante su conservación en refrigeración." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/115625.

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Memoria para optar al título de Ingeniero en Alimentos Chile es el segundo país productor de salmónidos más importante a nivel mundial. De ahí que, se convierte en el principal generador de coproductos, por sobre Noruega. Siendo el belly de la trucha arcoiris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) un coproducto desconocido, contando con escasos antecedentes de su comportamiento al conservarse refrigerado. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la pérdida de calidad funcional, química, sensorial y microbiológica del belly de trucha arcoiris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) durante su conservación en refrigeración (0º a 2º C). Se determinó la evolución de los parámetros funcionales, mediante los cuales se observó un deterioro en la funcionalidad de las proteínas presentes en el belly. También se observó el cambio de color que sufrió el belly a través del tiempo, comportándose de forma constante y sin variaciones significativas (p≥0,05). Se determinó la composición centesimal y su variación en el tiempo, obteniéndose resultados similares a aquellos presentes en la literatura. Además, el estudio contempló la determinación de pH que disminuyó en el tiempo, observándose valores de 6,62 y 6,29, al inicio y final del estudio, respectivamente. El índice de anisidina, mostró que el belly sufrió oxidación lipídica secundaria, sin embargo, este valor no superó los límites admitidos. Durante este estudio no hubo presencia de microorganismos patógenos, ni indicadores de contaminación fecal (Salmonella sp., Listeria Monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus), sin embargo, el recuento de aerobios mesófilos y de enterobacterias, arrojaron valores fuera de lo permitido a partir del día 10 y 24 de estudio, respectivamente. Los atributos sensoriales más sensibles para estimar el deterioro en la calidad oxidativa y textural del belly de trucha arcoiris fueron el olor típico, rancio y pútrido (crudo), elasticidad, firmeza, cohesividad y goteo. Atributos que, en conjunto con el recuento de aerobios mesófilos, sirvieron para estimar la vida útil del belly de trucha arcoiris conservado refrigerado (0º a 2º C), que fue de 12 días. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos mediante el análisis estadístico de los datos, se pudo determinar que existió una fuerte correlación entre los parámetros y el tiempo, y entre ellos mismos, viéndose afectada la calidad funcional, química, sensorial y microbiológica del belly de trucha arcoiris durante su conservación en refrigeración (0º a 2º C) Chile is the second most important producer country of salmonids at worlwide level. For this reason, it turns in to the main coproducer generator, over Norway. Belly of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), is an unknown coproduct, and there are very limited precedents of its behavior during chilled storaged. The aim of this study was to determined the loss of functional, chemical, sensorial and microbiology quality, during chilled storage (0ºC- 2ºC) of rainbow trout belly. Functional evolution parameters were studied, which show a deterioration in the functionality of belly proteins. Also, the belly color variation was observed trough time, behaving in a constant way and presenting no significants variations (p≥0,05) Centesimal composition and its variation in time was observed, obtaining similar results at those present in literature. The study also, contemplated pH determination, that decreased in time, being observed values from 6,62 and 6,29 at beginning and ending time of study, respectively. Anisidine index showed that belly suffered secondary lipidic oxidation, however, this value did not exceed allowed limits. During this study, neither patogens microorganisms nor faecal contamination indicators, (Salmonella sp., Listeria Monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus) were found in belly. Nevertheless, mesophyllic aerobic and enterobacters counts, showed values over the limits, from 10 and 24 day of study, respectively. The most sensitive sensory attributes to estimate the deterioration in the oxidating and textural quality of rainbow trout belly were typical, rancid and putrid odour (raw), elasticity, firmness, cohesiveness and dripping. Attributes that, in addition to the mesophyllic aerobic count, helped to estimate the shelf life of chilled storaged rainbow trout belly (0º to 2º C), that was 12 days. According to obtained results from statistycal analysis of data, it was possible to determine that a strong correlation existed within parameters and time, and between themselves, affecting functional, chemical, sensory and microbiologycal quality of rainbow trout belly during chilled storage (0º to 2º C)

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Trusha'

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